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Pros and cons of corporate social responsibilities
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Social Responsibility with Examples
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Pros and cons of corporate social responsibilities
Different organizations have created different grounds for defining Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). However, they do share one common ground on the basis of which CSR can be described as a voluntary activity that a corporation does for its employees and society as a whole as well as the environment around it for its operations and functions. It is what the corporation gives back to the community after using its resources to make profits.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Its Advantages and Disadvantages According to Horrigan (2010), there is no definite answer to what CSR is owing to the high level of ambiguity and controversy related to the topic. However, Baker (2004), proposes CSR as, ‘It is how the organizations manage the business process to produce an overall positive impact on the society.’ Emergence of CSR Timeline
1930s
Occurrence ‘CSR’ as a term came into existence in the 1930s supposedly because Prof. A.A. Berle and Prof. C.G. Means at Harvard University, USA, wanted corporations to take responsibility after the Great Depression of 1929. According to them,
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this event had occurred because of the irresponsibility shown by the corporations
1960s & 70s
Examples of CSR started being put across in the business world. Owing to the civil rights movement, consumerism and environmentalism transformed the perspective of the society regarding the business world’s behavior. In the year of 1960, Organization for Economic CoOperation and Development (OECD) convention was developed to advocate the policies that aimed at achieving sustainable economic growth and employment and elevate the living standards in the member-nations while maintaining financial stability at the same time.
1980s & 90s
In 1980, International Union for Conversation of Nature (IUCN) published a World Conservation Strategy. This strategy was aimed to create more stable world economy, stimulate world growth, perish world equalities and work on the worst impacts of poverty.In the year of 1992, the UN Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, where ‘triple bottom line’ business model was floated along with an idea of using sustainable development to a company’s competitive advantage.
Thereafter, many significant incidents took place that further strengthened the roots of CSR and forced the business developments to see the need for CSR.
Types of CSR There are four types of CSR according to its beneficiaries: 1. Environment-Focused Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) This type of CSR focuses on reducing detrimental effects of the corporation’s operations on the environment. The corporation innovates in its manufacturing stage to reduce the production of environment harming by-products. It also promotes the use of non-renewable energy sources to prevent harm caused to the environment by burning of fossil fuels. 2. Community-Based Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) The corporation joins hands with other organizations (usually Non-Profit ones) to ensure the welfare of a local community’s people. These organizations either fund or receive funding from corporations to perform tasks that can improve the living conditions of the community’s people. 3. Human Resource (HR)-Based Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporations focus on the well-being of their own staff and improve their living conditions. The companies may extend compassionate leaves like paternity leaves so that the employee can look after his newborn. They can also provide medical insurance to their employees to take care of accidents caused due to occupational hazards. 4. Charity Based Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/corporatesocialresponsibilityadvantagesdisadvantages/
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In a charity-based CSR, corporations donate to organizations or individuals (usually through a charity partner) to improve their financial condition and for their general upliftment. This is the most common form of a CSR activity. Most corporations provide direct financial support to organizations or individuals who require such assistance.
Advantages Corporate Social Responsibility Now that we know what CSR means and what its forms are, we will read about CSR’s advantages.
Improvement in the image of the Corporation The most obvious advantage that a corporation can obtain by implementing CSR policies is that of an increased goodwill value. This serves a dual purpose – Firstly, people will want to buy the product that the corporation is selling because of its good and clean image. Secondly, other enterprises will want to do business and be associated with the corporation. This increases the corporation’s prestige to such a high level that its name may become synonymous with reliability and goodness. People always want to be associated with the best and the most popular, so in that respect, the corporation rises in stature and becomes an important player in its market.
Increased Attraction and Retention of Employees Companies having solid CSR commitments find it easier to recruit and retain employees. People want to work for companies that care about the well-being of their employees and provide good working conditions. Compassionate attitude towards employees is highly desired by both new recruits and old employees alike. Appraisals, financial assistance in times of need, and attention given to personal achievements and special days (like birthdays) make employees want to remain with the company. This is a huge advantage when there is a tight labor market situation. This will reduce the cost of training new recruits and free up incentives for existing employees. Incentives induce efficient work out from employees. In short, if the company’s workforce is happy, the company gets more profits due to increased efficiency in production.
Regulatory Authorities become less hostile A corporation with strong CSR programs will not be scrutinized by regulatory authorities as much as companies without CSR programs. The authorities will be lenient in their regulation because they feel that the company must be complying with all regulations as it is supported by firms and people alike for its welfare work. A company with strong CSR programs will always work within regulations to get benefits (other than profits) from these CSR programs. The authorities will give fast-track preference to this company. It may also forego cumbersome paperwork that is required to set up projects if it thinks that this project is going to help the community to improve.
Attracts more Capital Inflow from Various Sources A company’s image plays a huge role in attracting investors. If the company is engaged in CSR programs, its image gets a massive boost, and so, people invest in its operations heavily. This company will attract capital even from abroad in the form of FII, thus, helping the country to get https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/corporatesocialresponsibilityadvantagesdisadvantages/
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valuable foreign exchange. It will also attract investment from other firms and industries, and it will become a name that can be trusted easily. Even the Government of the country may be willing to invest in the company, leading to lesser regulation and red-tapism.
Generation of Clean and Renewable Energy from Environmental CSR If the company has invested in an environmental CSR program, it will make sure that its operations do not harm the environment in any way. Inventing machines and techniques to reduce the harmful effects of its operational activities will give the community a clean environment. It will also give the company a chance to explore the usage of renewable energy for its operations. This will reduce the cost of acquiring fossil fuels and can reduce the cost of production by a onetime investment in renewable energy production.
Positive Publicity A popular business principle is that any publicity is good publicity. You should be known to the people to sell your product. A good CSR program will always give good publicity and even act as an advertisement for the company. It also sets the company apart from its competitors. They may be selling a similar product at lower rates, but you are keeping the interests of your environment and community intact, and so the people do not mind a little extra charge for this thoughtfulness.
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Disadvantages Corporate Social Responsibility Now we will see why CSR is criticized in business circles.
Shift from the Profit-Making Objective Milton Friedman, an economist, is the biggest critic of CSR. He says that CSR shifts the focus of the company from the objective that made it a financial entity in the first place – profit-making. The company forgets about its obligations towards its shareholders that they have to make profits for them. Instead of focusing on making profits, they engage in CSR programs and use up funds for community welfare. So basically, instead of an income, the company is effecting an outflow of cash and not fulfilling its profit-making obligations. https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/corporatesocialresponsibilityadvantagesdisadvantages/
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Company Reputation takes a hit According to CSR policies, companies have to disclose shortcomings of even their own products if they are found to violate the CSR program. For example, car manufacturing companies calling back their vehicles in large numbers when they find glitches in the model after having sold them wallops their reputation. This creates inconvenience to the customers, and they lose trust in the manufacturer.
Customer Conviction Initially, customers like to see the companies that they trust are engaged in social welfare programs. They like the fact that these programs are for a good cause. Later, they grow wary of it. If they don’t see instant results from these programs, they think that these are nothing but PR stunts. So it becomes difficult to convince customers that the results will take some time in coming and that they should continue believing in the good intentions of the company. These attempts of convincing become fruitless day by day because some customers are impatient and have a constant desire to be appeased.
Increase in Cost of Production More often than not, CSR programs increase the expenditure of the company. This increased expenditure is reflected in the increased prices of the product for which, ultimately, the customers have to pay. Large corporations can absorb this increased expenditure. They may not increase their products’ prices, but small businesses have no other option but to increase their products’ prices to meet their increased expenses.
Legislation and Provisions Related to CSR Legislation and provisions imposed on organization regarding CSR vary from one place to another. The value of CSR differs in various contexts, depending on the geographical location, environmental conditions, culture and most importantly legal framework imposed by the different countries. Here we discuss the influencing legal factors that affect an organization in three different geographical locations: Australia, UK and USA.
OECD Guidelines For Corporate Social Responsibility Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is a forum where 30 countries work in tandem to resolve social, economic and environment challenges the democracies counter. It has come up with guidelines for multinational companies on ethical and responsible business operation. The guidelines are in effect dealing with corporate social responsibility issues. As Australia, UK and USA are members of OECD, the organizations who intend to establish themselves, undertake business activities, import or exports from these three countries have to maintain OECD guidelines.
General Policies: While supporting the general policies of OECD, an enterprise should take fully into consideration established general policies in the nations that operate, and consider the opinions of various https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/corporatesocialresponsibilityadvantagesdisadvantages/
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other stakeholders like employees, suppliers, investors, etc. To maintain the general policies, the organizations should — Play its part to contribute to environment, social and economic progress intending to achieving sustainable development Respect human rights and national human rights affected by different countries Encourage local growth by maintaining a close relation with the local communities including business interest. The organization should expand organizational activities in the domestic and foreign market to attain more exposure Support good corporate governance policies; develop, apply and practice good governance principles Avoid seeking exemptions from the statutory or regulatory framework imposed by the federal government concerning human rights, health, environmental, safety, labor, financial incentives, taxation and other issues Develop and enforce effective management systems and self-regulatory practices and attempt to establish a relationship and mutual trust between the organization and the society they operate Make workers employed by the multinational companies aware of the organization’s policies through proper dissemination of those policies and thorough training and programs Refrain discrimination among employees Carry out risk-based due diligence. For example, incorporating it into the risk management systems of the organizations to identify, prevent and mitigate the potential and actual adverse effects. The nature and extent of due diligence depend on the situation they handle. Avoid causing and contributing to negative impacts on subjects covered in the OECD guidelines through the business and take immediate action when adverse situation arises Enforce the necessary plan to reduce the adverse impacts where they have not contributed the adverse impacts directly, but it is some way directly related to a business accord in the field of operations, products and services Get into business relations with stakeholders to provide meaningful opportunities; to take their view into account in terms of future of planning of business and decision-making for projects and other activities that influence the local communities. The organizations are further encouraged to: Support complete internet freedom when it is appropriate to their circumstances in terms of freedom of expression, association and assembly online Support or engage in relevant private and multi-stakeholder initiative. Moreover, the organization should ensure that the initiatives should take influencing part in developing countries and the existing internationally approved standards. To know more about the Guidelines in a detailed manner, you can refer to the OECD’s official website where you get the PDF form of Guidelines.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Australia As a member of OECD, the companies that operate or intend to operate in Australia can report to OECD national contact point for OECD guidelines. When it comes to the laws related to the CSR in Australia, an enterprise should know the Australian court system comprises of local and federal branch. The two branches have both exclusive and shared jurisdiction. High Court of Australia is the highest jurisdiction in all cases. The following are central areas when it comes to influencing factors of corporate social responsibilities in international operations. 1. Legislation: A plethora of Australian laws binds Australian companies to comply with the human rights standards. For instance, there are laws prohibiting harassment and discrimination in workplace and requiring employers to offer equal employment opportunities. Laws that regulates work https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/corporatesocialresponsibilityadvantagesdisadvantages/
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environment like occupational health and safety, minimum wage, terms and conditions of employment, collective bargaining etc also act as an influencing factor in CSR. For example, legislation imposing liability on corporation acts or leaving an impact on human rights like offering bribes to foreign officials or crimes against humanity. The Corporation Act and Common Law impose the power and duties on directors to act in the best financial interest of shareholders. Section 181(1) of the Corporations Act calls for the directors to act in good faith in the best interest of the corporation; for a definite purpose. 2. Human Rights: Australian government advocates all the prime conventions of the UN concerning human rights. Australian authorities have created an autonomous body named, Australian Human Rights Commission, to protect and promote human rights in Australia. One of its many responsibilities, this agency also ensures that companies in Australia work to promote and protect human rights and emphasis on corporate social responsibility. 3. Working Life: Enterprises, who operate in Australia and intend to undertake business in Australia, must closely follow the local rules and regulations like the amount of hours their employees work, how often they are allowed to take break. Australian employment is regulated by local and federal legislation, regulations and collective contracts that specify information related to working hours, overtime, salaries, procedures for settlement and disputes. Australia also promotes eight core conventions of the International Labor Organizations (ILO) (a U.N. agency that sets labor standards, develop policies and devise programs promoting decent work culture.) 4. Environment: The companies, operating or intending to operate in Australia, should take into consideration the Australia’s environment because the environment is the influencing factor in increased focus on corporate social responsibility. Legislation concerning the protection of the environment is formulated and enforced by federal, state and local Australian authorities. Activities planned by some companies may affect the environment. In this regard, the company needs a license and is accountable to reporting to the authorities. Companies are asked to report their greenhouse gas emission, energy production and consumption. 5. Corruption: Australia has ratified the UN convention against corruption. Therefore, it is regarded as one of the least corrupted nations in the world. 6. Indigenous Population: The enterprises, which intend to extract natural resources, should take into confidence the indigenous people in the area. Even the consultation is driven by laws. Companies in Australia should consult with local authorities and business organizations.
Violation of CSR Norms in Australia: Consequences and Punishments CSR norms are evolving with days so are the expectation from the corporations. When companies violate these norms, they could face repercussions, ranging from loss of reputation to market https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/corporatesocialresponsibilityadvantagesdisadvantages/
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share. Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is the corporate, markets and financial service controller in Australia. This body ensures that Australia’s economic reputation and wellbeing remain unharmed and fiscal markets regulate fairly and maintain transparency. When enterprises regulating in Australia breach any of the above law or any corporation law, the ASIC enforces remedies and take actions available to them. Type of Action
Description of Punishment
Punitive
ASIC can pursue the court to punish a person or a corporation in response to the misconduct. The actions include:1. Criminal Penalties (terms of imprisonment, community service orders)2. Civil Monetary PenaltiesAll monetary penalties are to be paid to the Commonwealth.
Protective
ASIC can take administrative action to protect the financial interest of consumers and investors. The actions include:1. Disqualification from managing a corporation2. A ban on offering financial services and engaging in credit activities3. Revocation, suspension, revision of license terms4. Public warning notices
Preservative
ASIC can take jurisdiction action to protect the asset and force someone to comply with the law
Corrective
ASIC can seek a court order for corrective disclosure
Compensatory
ASIC can ask court to take representative action to recover the damages and cover for those who suffered the loss
Negotiated and Agreed Outcome
ASIC can use negotiated alternatives which can reach an effective regulatory outcome. The actions include,1. Enforceable undertaking2. Payment of infringement notices
Corporate Social Responsibility: UK Similar to Australia, UK is also a member of OECD. This implies general guidelines of OECD when it comes to corporate social responsibilities in UK. Apart from the guidelines, there are few legislations that influence CSR functioning in UK: Town and Country Planning Act requires the companies, who intend to use natural resources, to take local authorities’ clearance for certain type of developments and installations. The 1992 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations is developed on the Principles of 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act to ensure that the company is responsible for creating a safe environment for work. The 1992 Trade Union and Labour Relations Act require the employers to disclose the employment conditions and policies to employees if the company is union trade recognized. The 1995 Environmental Act has formed the Environmental Agency which came into action in 1996. The Environmental agencies have the authority to investigate the application of IPC and publicize the name of the companies who have been fined for environmental damages. The 1999 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations is another EU council directive (97/11/EC) which came into action on 14th March 1999. With the help of these regulations, the relations between companies and planners can be formalized by requiring the local planning https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/corporatesocialresponsibilityadvantagesdisadvantages/
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authorities to give consent in writing with a public jurisdiction that companies needs to undergo EIA. Contract Law is significant for CSR promotion through supply chain contracts. Several Western companies, including UK trades, commonly implement CSR policies into their supply chain relationships with their suppliers. The Race Relations Acts was passed in 1976 to handle the direct and indirect discrimination in the workplace based on the racial, ethnic and national origins. The Companies Act 2006, which has relevance for CSR, requires complete and early disclosure from the directors regarding information of dealings and shares. Moreover, this act requires directors to disclose their interest, even the interest of family members i.e., spouses or infant children. Further, the directors are bound by the obligations to establish a standard-setting body that would provide a sort of consistency to company accounts, and directors’ and auditors’ report.
A New Enacted Law:
Companies with financial years ending on 31st March 2016 would be the first organizations required to produce a statement in accordance with the UK Modern Slavery Act. The reason is the Business & Human Resource Center has decided to maintain a registry of corporation statements pursuant under the act.
Violation of CSR Norms in UK: Consequences and Punishments The companies, operating in UK should have policy commitments to respect human rights. This means they should avoid breaching corporate norms and human rights and should address negative human rights impact which may take place in their operations. If a company violates non-compliance of CSR provisions under Companies Act, 2006, then the enterprise will be liable to pay the following penalties. Penalties can be levied under two different provisions: Section 134(6) and Section 134 (7) – (8). 1. Fine of £528, which can extend to £26410 2. Every officer of the company shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may stretch upto three years 3. Court imposes charges in which the officers of the company will be bound to pay an amount of £528 which can extend to £5282. General penalties that corporations in UK have to face are levied under these two statutes (Section of 450 and 451). If any enterprise violates any of these laws, it faces the following consequence in the operation system. 1. Fine of £4, which can extend to £105. If the contravention is continuing one, then a further fine of £10 will be imposed on the person or the organization for every day during which the contravention continues. 2. In accordance with Section 451, the defaulter will be punished either by a fine or imprisonment. If the offender commits the same crime for the second time within a period of three years, then the organization and its officers of the same shall be punishable with twice the penalty amount for such offense along with imprisonment decided for the offense.
Corporate Social Responsibility: USA Enterprises, operating in the United States, have to meet a wide range of legal requirements. These requirements state the responsibilities of the corporation towards shareholders and other stakeholder in the organization. For instance, many United States have imposed statutes that allow corporations to consider the interest of all the shareholders as well as the stakeholders.
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To make sure the directors do not act negligently or misuse corporation resources for personal usage, the legal framework imposes fiduciary duties of loyalty. This duty of loyalty needs the directors to act in the best interest of the corporation and restrain those purposes, motives and goals that negatively influence the director’s behavior. However, fiduciary duties typically refer to ‘the best interest of the corporation’. Whether it includes the interests of shareholders and/or a wider set of constituents is not very clear from the reform. Every United State acknowledges the right to make charitable contributions. Seven states encourage corporations to make donations irrespective of the corporate benefit. On the other hand, 19 other states encourage the corporations to make donations that benefit the companies and contribute to social welfare. However, in the remaining 24 states, the statutes are not very clear whether the corporations are allowed to make donations even if they do not benefit the firm. Corporate statutes, developed by states, impose legal power on corporations and allow enterprises to partake in legal activities. Hence, the corporations presumably have the power to undertake CSR activities. Under this law, corporation can formulate their own charters to authorize themselves explicitly to take part in CSR activities. For example, New York Times has been formed to follow the objectives of social responsibilities rather than drawing profits. The business judgment rule works as a presumption in favor of the manager’s actions. Under the enactment of this law, the court can defy corporation managers’ decision until the decisions satisfy all the basic requirements related to conflict of interest and negligence.
Violation of CSR Norms in USA: Consequences and Punishments An increase in national litigation has been witnessed on numerous jurisdictions that aim to encourage business to act more socially responsible. It is important that companies understand the laws as non-compliance with these obligations can have drastic consequences on the companies. Violation of fiduciary duties can lead a company to personal liability for the directors. Violation of CSR norms can result in serious damaging of corporation reputation and financial harm. Consumer boycotts may result in decreased market share when rights abuses become public particularly in consumer goods and clothing. Many multinational companies are getting more interested in enforcing supplier codes of conduct based on the CSR policies. This means, the companies have no CSR system will get disqualified from the significant contracts. For example, Wall-Mart, an American multinational company, terminated one of its major seafood suppliers following reports of poor working conditions in its processing facilities. The failure to ensure a proper CSR system in place can lead to conflict with populations which in turn can result in legal risk. Apart from legal risks, this type of conflicts can lead to protests and labor strikes which can be very expensive to bear for the organizations. Another potential risk of failing to ensure CSR principles is loss in certain circumstances. Corporations, that do not adequately address the CSR principles issues might face litigation risk. In the recent past, many companies have relied on arguments regarding corporate structure and jurisdiction to protect themselves from the liability for harm caused by their foreign subsidiaries. But in recent jurisdiction developments by courts of various countries like US, UK and Canada suggest that these arguments are weakening.
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Examples of CSR Activities Having read about the advantages and disadvantages of CSR, we will now read about the CSR activities of some top companies which show that CSR’s advantages far outweigh its disadvantages. 1. Google’s Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Google has made commendable efforts to help in improving community conditions. It is listed by Forbes as one of the companies with the best CSR activities.
Google’s Community Based CSR activity: Google China Social Innovation Cup for College Students is a competition whose winner is funded by Google to implement their idea of social improvement. It aims to empower Chinese youth to become agents of Social Development.
Google’s Environmental-Based CSR activity: Google Green is Google’s effort to use resources judiciously and support renewable energy resources. Due to this initiative, Google has seen an overall drop in power requirement by about 50 percent. The savings from this power drop can be channelized to more innovations that will help the global people.
Google’s Charity-Based CSR activity: Google Grants allows free advertisement words for select charities. These advertisements enable charities to project their cause and make the people aware. These include animal rights to rights of the blind to HIV education. The variety is large, and it is all due to Google that they have a greater outreach. Effects: Google’s green initiatives have impacted power consumption by big firms. They have all followed Google and are now consuming much less power. Google Grants have furthered the cause of charities by allowing them to advertise on a big platform for no extra costs. All these have made Google a great CSR activities company. 2. Microsoft’s Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Microsoft has been known to contribute towards community development. Its owner Bill Gates is a renowned philanthropist having given billions of dollars to charity. ‘The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’ has helped millions of people with money, aid, and funding breakthroughs in medical research.
Microsoft’s Community-based CSR activities: https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/corporatesocialresponsibilityadvantagesdisadvantages/
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During 2004-06, Microsoft launched two programs, ‘Partners in Learning,’ and ‘Partners in Learning Grants.’ Both these programs were involved in providing technology and the necessary training to operate such technology in schools. This was provided mainly to those schools that did not and could not get access to such technologies and education. The Learning Grants program had invested $253 million in the training of teachers and students to make them efficient in handling technology. Microsoft also helps to provide technology and training to schools that are underdeveloped or are a part of underdeveloped and neglected areas. In 2012, Microsoft launched a program called ‘YouthSpark,’ which was an organizational initiative that aimed to equip students with the tools to achieve success. As a part of this initiative, Microsoft provided special software for the purpose of learning enhancement. For example, they provided accessibility options in their applications to help the visually impaired. The ‘Job Access With Speech (JAWS)’ screen-reading feature allowed blind students like Ignacia Picas to read without getting text converted to Braille. This helped her cope up with her visually unimpaired peers. This also saved her teachers a lot of time as well because now they did not have to convert text to Braille for Ignacia to study. In 2013, Microsoft began distributing its software like ‘Office 365’ to eligible Non-Profit Organizations for free. It distributed $55 million worth of software in 92 countries around the world at a nominal price or even no fee at all. Effects: Microsoft’s CSR activities have had a huge impact on community development and employee happiness. According to a study, 86 percent of its employees would recommend people to work at Microsoft. The same study reveals that 94 percent of Microsoft’s employees believe they are treated justly by their superiors and that the company is a good corporate citizen due to its efforts to improve human life in general. 3. Bosch’s Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Bosch is a leading company in the automotive and industrial fields. It is a German company which is highly determined to keep its operations adhering strictly to environment norms —
Bosch’s HR-Based CSR activity: The company’s main sustainability activities are regulated by an ‘HSE Steering Committee’ where HSE stands for Health, Safety, Environmental and Fire Protection and Emergency Control. This panel comprises of officials from 12 regions and is in charge of all the company’s environmental management and safety issues.
Bosch’s Environmental-Based CSR activities: Bosch has acquired the leading producer of solar cells, Ersol Solar Energy,’ as a part of its ‘going green’ policy. Bosch Thermotechnik launched the ‘CO2-Flag’ indicator. This indicator shows how much energy the company has saved in its operational processes. The quantification of energy saved allows customers to know that they are buying energy saving products and therefore, reducing wastage of energy. Effects: People are now more aware of products that save energy because of Bosch’s innovation technology. The environment around Bosch’s production sites has also become cleaner due to the strict HSE controls imposed by Bosch itself. 4. Hewlett-Packard Germany Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Hewlett-Packard (HP) is a leading IT company.
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It has taken many steps to ensure that the IT Industry uses as less energy as possible with its innovative approaches —
HP’s Environmental-Based CSR activities: HP is investing in Optical Wires to transmit electricity with 20 times more efficiency than electrical wires made of copper. This technology will save Gigawatts of electricity. In 2008, an ‘Eco-Solutions Engagement Team’ was instituted. It encompasses all of its business units and has the responsibility to identify innovation from the point of view of clients. In 2008, in association with HP Education Services, the environmental management developed ‘Eco Solutions Workshop.’ Its aim is to keep customers informed about clean energy innovations at HP. It is focusing on: Green Data centre Environment and Workstations Purchasing Green IT solutions. Effects: HP’s innovative green programs have helped clients and the general people to know more about clean energy production and how to keep the environment clean.
References: Baker, M. (2004) “Corporate Social Responsibility – What does it mean?” Available at http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.php Horrigan., B. (2010) Corporate Social Responsibility in the 21st Century: Debates, Models and Practices Across Government, Law and Business, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK
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