Era of Good Feeling Creating a Nation
Henry Clay’s: American System • Creation of a plan to unify the nation: • Developing transportation systems and other internal improvements • Establishing a protective tariff • Resurrecting the national bank
Transportation and Internal Improvements • National Road: Began in 1811 by 1838 connected Cumberland Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois • Erie Canal: took eight years, by 1825 it connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River providing a water way from Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean • Tolls were paid to use the route, in twelve years it was paid for • Cut shipping costs, reducing selling prices
Transportation
Tariffs and the National Bank • Tariff of 1816: In order to pay for these new improvements such as roads, canals, and lighthouses taxes were placed on imports. • In 1816 with much approval the 2nd Bank of the United States was created.
The Rise of New York City • With these new national improvements New York rose above all other cities to become the center of economic, social, and political growth. (ie Erie Canal) • Leader in banking, finance, foreign trade, manufacturing, fashion, publishing, broadcasting, culture, and tourism • Busiest port in the country
Nationalism • Nationalism: social movement focusing on the nation. • National interests should be placed ahead of regional or the interests of other countries.
• McCulloch v. Maryland:
• Maryland placed high taxes on a branch of the BUS. • Marshall denied the right of Maryland to tax the bank. • Declaring the BUS constitutional. • Strengthens nationalism.
Adams-Onis Treaty • Spain ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory • Strengthens Nationalism
Monroe Doctrine • U.S. wouldn’t interfere with European colonies already established but would not tolerate further colonization • Europe: Leave the Western Hemisphere alone. If you don’t it will be seen as a threat to Am. Safety and could be reason for war • How does this strengthen nationalism?
Industrial Revolution • Transformation during the 1700’s and early 1800’s from making goods in small shops or homes by hand to making them in factories with machines. • Changed the world from a rural, agricultural society to an urban and industrial one.
Early Inventions: Eli Whitney • Cotton Gin: Separated seeds from cotton
• Before it took a person a full day to remove seeds from 1 lb. of cotton • Enabled a person to process 50 lbs. /day • Made cotton profitable, increasing demand for slaves
Early Inventions: Eli Whitney • Interchangeable parts: • Whitney received a contract for 10,000 muskets in 1798 and used interchangeable parts to manufacture firearms in his factory • One of the first uses of mass production methods • Influence Henry Ford, Samuel Colt and others
Westward Expansion • Manifest Destiny: Belief that the United States Destiny was to extend to the Pacific Ocean
Native Americans and Manifest Destiny • Treaty of Ft. Laramie: provided various Native American nations control of the Central Plains.
• In turn Native Americans promised not to attack settlers and to allow construction of government forts and roads. Govn’t would make paymts. to them. • Movement of settlers increase, decreasing the number of buffalo and elk. U.S. violated terms of treaty
Trails West • Santa Fe Trail: Lower trail from Missouri to Mexico • Oregon Trail: Upper trail Missouri to Oregon
Prison Reform • Dorothea Dix: known as prison reformer • Dix discovered that jails often house mentally ill people. • Began to emphasize rehabilitation and treatment
School Reform • Before mid 1800’s no uniform education policy existed • Mass. And Vermont were the only states before Civil War that passed compulsory school laws. • All children were in one classroom • By 1830’s demand for tax supported public schools • By 1833 42 percent of elem. School aged children were attending public school
Slavery Reform • Abolitionism: call to outlaw slavery • Frederick Douglas: Born into slavery: knowledge is the pathway from slavery to freedom, pushed for abolitionism • What was slavery like?
Women and Reform • Sarah and Angelina Grimke: daughters of a SC slaveholder • Women abolitionist:
• Mary C. Vaughn: temperance movement • The effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol
Women and Reform • Elizabeth Cady Stanton:
• Women’s Rights Movement • Seneca Falls Convention • Creation of Declaration of Women’s Rights − Suffrage/right to vote
The Age of Jackson • The Election of 1824 • Jackson wins the popular vote but lacked the electoral college votes • Adams names Henry Clay as Secretary of State: “corrupt bargaining”
Age of Jackson • Jackson wins the Election of 1828 • Spoils system gives government jobs to supporters
Jacksonian Democracy • Believed in Western Expansion • Universal Suffrage- all white men should be able to vote not just property owners • “Common Man” • Laissez-Faire- Hands Off • Strict interpretation of the Const.
Age of Jackson • The Indian Removal Act forces Native Americans off their lands • Supreme Court rules Georgia cannot give orders to Cherokee • Worcester v. Georgia
Trail of Tears • U.S. soldiers
force Cherokee to march west along Trail of Tears • On the 800 mile trip many Cherokee died en route. Burying more that ¼ of their people.
States’ Rights: South Faces Economic Problems • Rise in tariff (tariff of 1828) • Tariff of Abominations: • lowers sale of British goods and Southern cotton
• South forced to buy expensive Northern goods
The Nullification Crisis • Calhoun’s idea of nullification: states say if law is constitutional • South Carolina declares Tariff of 1828 null; threatens secession (leave the union) • Compromise bill lowers tariff
Jackson’s Bank War • Federal funds removed from Bank of
the U.S.; put in PET state banks • Jackson’s policies angered many including some in his own political party (Republicans). They formed the Whig party • Whig’s promoted the ideas of Henry Clay’s American System.
Election of 1836 • Democrat Martin Van Buren wins election with Jackson’s support
The Panic of 1837 • Many pet banks print money in excess of gold and silver deposits • Banks close, credit system collapses, 1/3 of population jobless