15 Kommunala val DEMOKRATIREDOVISNINGAR AV VALET 2002
SVENSKA KOMMUNFÖRBUNDET
= = = == == =
Rapport OMMPJNMJMN==
N=EPNF= ==
= =
=
Innehållsförteckning fååÉÜ™ääëÑ∏êíÉÅâåáåÖ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKN fåäÉÇåáåÖ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKO p~ãã~åÑ~ííåáåÖ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKP s~äÉí=OMMO KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQ päìíäáÖ=êÉÇçîáëåáåÖ=~î=î~äÉí KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQ båâ®í=çã=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNQ _áä~Ö~=N=J=aÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOT _áä~Ö~=O=Ó=^åÇÉä=á=çäáâ~=™äÇÉêëâä~ëëÉê=á=éêçÅÉåí=~î=ÇÉå=íçí~ä~=ÄÉÑçäâåáåÖÉå=á= âçããìåÉå=OMMO KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOU _áä~Ö~=P=Ó=^åÇÉä=ìíêáâÉë=Ñ∏ÇÇ~=OMMOK=mêçÅÉåí=~î=ÇÉå=íçí~ä~=ÄÉÑçäâåáåÖÉå=á= âçããìåÉåK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOV _áä~Ö~=Q=Ó=pî~êëÑêÉâîÉåë=Ñ∏ê=Éåâ®íÉåKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPM _áä~Ö~=R=Ó=hçåí~âíéÉêëçåÉê=Ää~åÇ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPN
= == =
= ==
=
=
O=EPNF
=
Inledning råÇÉê=Ü∏ëíÉå=OMMO=çÅÜ=î™êÉå=OMMP=Ü~ê=NQ=âçããìåÉê=çÅÜ=Éå=ëí~ÇëÇÉäëå®ãåÇ= EëÉ=Äáä~Ö~=NFI=ìíáÑê™å=ëÉñ=áåÇáâ~íçêÉêI=Öê~åëâ~í=Üìê=ÇÉãçâê~íáå=ÑìåÖÉê~ê=ãÉÇ= ìíÖ™åÖëéìåâí=Ñê™å=î~äÉí=OMMOK=pçã=Éå=ÇÉä=~î=ìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖÉå=Ü~ê=çÅâë™=NM= âçããìåÉê=ÖÉåçãÑ∏êí=Éå=Éåâ®íìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖ=Ç®ê=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=Ñ™íí=ëî~ê~= é™=Ñê™Öçê=çã=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK= dê~åëâåáåÖÉå=~î=î~äÉí=áåÖ™ê=á=ÇÉå=Ñ∏êëí~=Éí~ééÉå=~î=éêçàÉâíÉí=eìê=ÑìåÖÉê~ê= ÇÉãçâê~íáå\=Ó=aÉãçâê~íáêÉÇçîáëåáåÖ~ê=á=âçããìå=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖK=mêçàÉâíÉí=é™Ö™ê= ìåÇÉê=ã~åÇ~íéÉêáçÇÉå=Ü∏ëíÉå=OMMO=íáää=çÅÜ=ãÉÇ=OMMS=çÅÜ=áååÉÄ®ê=~íí=ÇÉäí~J Ö~êå~=ìíáÑê™å=Éíí=ÖÉãÉåë~ãí=íÉã~=Öê~åëâ~ê=çÅÜ=î®êÇÉê~ê=ÇÉãçâê~íáå=á=ÇÉå= ÉÖå~=âçããìåÉåI=êÉÖáçåÉå=ÉääÉê=ä~åÇëíáåÖÉíK=hçããìåJ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖëÑ∏êJ ÄìåÇÉå=Ö∏ê=™=ëáå=ëáÇ~=Éå=∏îÉêÖêáé~åÇÉ=êÉÇçîáëåáåÖ=ìíáÑê™å=ë~ãã~=ÇÉãçâê~J íáíÉã~=~î=ÜÉä~=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖëëÉâíçêåK=c∏êÄìåÇÉå=ÉêÄàìÇÉê=ÇÉëëìíJ çã=ÇÉäí~Ö~êå~=ãÉíçÇJ=çÅÜ=âìåëâ~éëëí∏Ç=çÅÜ=ã∏àäáÖÜÉíÉê=íáää=áǨJ=çÅÜ=ÉêÑ~êÉåJ ÜÉíëìíÄóíÉK== mêçàÉâíÉí=ÄÉëí™ê=ë™äÉÇÉë=ÇÉäë=~î=Éíí=~åí~ä=äçâ~ä~=éêçàÉâí=ëçã=Çêáîë=~î=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~J Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖÉå=çÅÜ=ÇÉäë=~î=Éíí=å~íáçåÉääí=éêçàÉâíK=s~êàÉ= Ü∏ëí=î®äâçãå~ë=ÑäÉê=âçããìåÉê=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖ=~íí=~åëäìí~=ëáÖK=póÑíÉí=ãÉÇ=éêçJ àÉâíÉí=®ê=~íí=ÖÉ=âçããìåÉê=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖ=îÉêâíóÖ=Ñ∏ê=~íí=ìíîÉÅâä~=ÇÉãçâê~íáå= çÅÜ=ëâ~é~=ìåÇÉêä~Ö=Ñ∏ê=Üìê=ÇáëâìëëáçåÉê=çã=ÇÉãçâê~íáå=â~å=ìíîÉÅâä~ëK= aÉ=íÉã~å=ëçã=ëíìÇÉê~ë=®êW=s~äÉí=OMMO=EÜ∏ëí=MOJî™ê=MPFI=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êå~ë=áåÑäóJ í~åÇÉ=EÜ∏ëí=MPÓî™ê=MQFI=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~ë=áåÑäóí~åÇÉ=EÜ∏ëí=MQJî™ê=MRF=ë~ãí=ÇÉí= çÑÑÉåíäáÖ~=êìããÉí=EÜ∏ëí=MRJî™ê=MSFK= f=éêçàÉâíÖêìééÉå=áåÖ™ê=gçÜ~åå~=i~ãéáåÉå=EéêçàÉâíäÉÇ~êÉFI=^åå~Jh~êáå=_ÉêÖJ äìåÇI=_à∏êå=hìää~åÇÉêI=g~å=qçê¨ÖÉ=çÅÜ=_çmÉê=i~êëëçåK=c∏êÑ~íí~êÉ=íáää=ê~ééçêíÉå= ®ê=g~å=qçê¨ÖÉK= póÑíÉí=ãÉÇ=ê~ééçêíÉå=NR=âçããìå~ä~=î~ä=®ê=~íí=Öê~åëâ~=îáäâ~=ëäìíë~íëÉê=ëçã= â~å=Çê~ë=~î=ÇÉ=êÉëìäí~í=ëçã=êÉÇçîáë~ë=á=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~ë=ÉÖå~= ê~ééçêíÉê\=sáäâ~=íêÉåÇÉê=çÅÜ=ÉîÉåíìÉää~=~îîáâÉäëÉê=Ñê™å=ÇÉå=ÖÉåÉêÉää~=ÄáäÇÉå= â~å=ìííóÇ~ë\=sáäâ~=à®ãÑ∏êÉäëÉê=ãÉää~å=âçããìåÉêå~=â~å=Ö∏ê~ë\== aÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~ë=ÉåëâáäÇ~=êÉÇçîáëåáåÖ~ê=~î=î~äÉí=OMMO=Ñáååë=é™W= ïïïKäÑKëîÉâçãKëÉLÇÉãçëK=häáÅâ~=é™=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êáåÑäóí~åÇÉ=çÅÜ=Ç®êÉÑíÉê=é™=ÇÉJ ãçâê~íáêÉÇçîáëåáåÖ~êK= = ÒsáäâÉå=®ê=ÇÉå=Ä®ëí~=ëíóêÉäëÉÑçêãÉå\=aÉå=ëçã=ä®ê=çëë=~íí=ëíóê~=çëë=ëà®äî~ÒK= dçÉíÜÉ=
=
=
P=EPNF
= =
Sammanfattning
=
•
s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=ãáåëâ~ÇÉ=å™Öçí=ãÉää~å=î~äÉå=NVVU=çÅÜ=OMMOI=ÇçÅâ=áåíÉ= äáâ~=ãóÅâÉí=ëçã=ãÉää~å=î~äÉå=NVVQ=çÅÜ=NVVUK=
•
s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=á=êáâëJI=ä~åÇëíáåÖëJ=çÅÜ=âçããìåî~ä=ãáåëâ~ÇÉ=á=ë~ãíäáJ Ö~=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê=ìíçã=á=ëí~ÇëÇÉäëå®ãåÇÉå=iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉåK=
•
^åÇÉäÉå=éÉêëçåê∏ëí~åÇÉ=ãáåëâ~ÇÉ=á=ÑäÉêí~äÉí=~î=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçãJ ãìåÉêå~K==
•
s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=Ää~åÇ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=î~ê=NM=éêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉê=ä®ÖêÉ= ®å=Ää~åÇ=ÇÉå=íçí~ä~=î®äà~êâ™êÉåK=
•
c∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êå~=Ü~ÇÉ=Éíí=å™Öçí=ëí∏êêÉ=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=®å=~åÇê~J Ö™åÖëî®äà~êå~I=ãÉå=î~êá~íáçåÉêå~=ãÉää~å=âçããìåÉêå~=î~ê=ëíçê~K==
•
s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=Ää~åÇ=ìíä®åÇëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=∏â~ÇÉ=ã~êÖáåÉääíK=
•
jçÇÉê~íÉêå~=çÅÜ=ÅÉåíÉêé~êíáÉí=®ê=çÑí~=ëí~êâ~êÉ=á=âçããìåî~äÉí=®å= êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉíK=c∏ê=Ñçäâé~êíáÉíI=âêáëíÇÉãçâê~íÉêå~=çÅÜ=ëçÅá~äÇÉãçâê~J íÉêå~=Ö®ääÉê=çÑí~=ÇÉí=çãî®åÇ~=Ñ∏êÜ™ää~åÇÉíK=
•
aÉí=î~ê=Éå=í®ãäáÖÉå=ëíçê=ë~ãëí®ããáÖÜÉí=çã=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=Ää~åÇ=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êJ íêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~K=j~å=î~ê=Ñê~ãÑ∏ê~ääí=∏îÉêÉåë=çã=~íí=î®äà~êå~=î~ê=áåíêÉëJ ëÉê~ÇÉ=~î=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=çÅÜ=~íí=êáâëí®Åâ~åÇÉ=ãÉÇáÉê=áåíÉ=ÄÉî~â~í= ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK=
•
m™ëí™ÉåÇÉí=~íí=éÉêëçåî~ä=®ê=Äê~=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉãçâê~íáå=Ö~î=Ç®êÉãçí=ÜÉäí=ëâáäJ Ç~=áåëí®ãã~åÇÉÖê~ÇÉê=Ää~åÇ=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~K=
•
f=c~ÖÉêëí~I=bãã~ÄçÇ~=çÅÜ=p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=~åë™Ö=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=~íí= ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=çÅÜ=ÇÉÄ~ííÉå=ëéÉä~í=ëíçê=êçää=Ñ∏ê=î~äìíÖ™åÖÉåK=
•
f=e®êêóÇ~I=_çíâóêâ~=çÅÜ=h~êäëÜ~ãå=íóÅâíÉ=ã~å=íî®êíçã=~íí=äçâ~ä~= Ñê™Öçê=ëéÉä~í=äáíÉå=êçää=Ñ∏ê=î~äìíÖ™åÖÉå=çÅÜ=~íí=ãÉÇá~=áåíÉ=ÄÉî~â~í=ÇÉå= äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK=
•
aÉ=ë~âçãê™ÇÉå=ëçã=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=Ä®ëí=íóÅâíÉ=å™ÇÇÉ=ìí=íáää=î®äJ à~êå~=î~ê=ëâçä~I=®äÇêÉçãëçêÖI=Ü®äëçJ=çÅÜ=ëàìâî™êÇI=Ä~êåçãëçêÖ=çÅÜ=á= îáëë=ã™å=®îÉå=ëâ~ííÉê=çÅÜ=ÉâçåçãáK=
•
aÉí=ë~âçãê™ÇÉ=ëçã=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=~åë™Ö=ÄçêÇÉ=å™íí=ìí=Ä®ííêÉ=íáää= î®äà~êå~=î~ê=å®êáåÖëäáî=çÅÜ=~êÄÉíëã~êâå~ÇK=
=
=
Q=EPNF
=
Valet 2002 oÉÇçîáëåáåÖÉå=Ä~ëÉê~ë=é™=ÇÉ=NQ=âçããìåÉê=çÅÜ=Éå=ëí~ÇëÇÉäëå®ãåÇ=ëçã=á= ~ìÖìëíá=OMMP=ä®ãå~í=áå=Éå=ëäìíäáÖ=êÉÇçîáëåáåÖ=ë~ãí=é™=ÇÉ=NM=âçããìåÉê=ëçã= ÖÉåçãÑ∏êí=Éåâ®íìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖÉå=EëÉ=Äáä~Ö~=NFK=
Slutlig redovisning av valet fåÑ∏ê=~êÄÉíÉí=ãÉÇ=~íí=ëíìÇÉê~=ìíÑ~ääÉí=~î=î~äÉí=ë~ãã~åëí®ääÇÉë=Éíí=~åí~ä=ÖÉJ ãÉåë~ãã~=áåÇáâ~íçêÉêK=póÑíÉí=î~ê=~íí=~îÖê®åë~=êÉÇçîáëåáåÖÉå=çÅÜ=ã∏àäáÖÖ∏ê~= à®ãÑ∏êÉäëÉê=ãÉää~å=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~K=pÉñ=áåÇáâ~íçêÉê=î~äÇÉë=ìíW= NF= s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=á=âçããìåJ=ä~åÇëíáåÖëJ=çÅÜ=êáâëÇ~Öëî~ä=NVVQJOMMO= OF= s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=á=çäáâ~=ÖêìééÉê= PF= pâáääå~ÇÉê=á=î~äêÉëìäí~í=ãÉää~å=âçããìåLä~åÇëíáåÖ=çÅÜ=êáâëÇ~Ö= QF= j~åÇ~íÑ∏êÇÉäåáåÖÉå=á=âçããìåÉåLä~åÇëíáåÖÉí=NVVU=çÅÜ=OOMO= RF= j~åÇ~íÑ∏êÇÉäåáåÖÉå=á=âçããìåÉåLä~åÇëíáåÖÉí=ìíáÑê™å=ëçÅá~ä=êÉéêÉëÉåJ í~íáîáíÉí= SF= j~àçêáíÉíëÑ∏êÜ™ää~åÇÉåK= f=ÇÉåå~=ê~ééçêí=®ê=ÇÉí=Ñê®ãëí=êÉëìäí~íÉå=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉ=íêÉ=Ñ∏êëí~=áåÇáâ~íçêÉêå~=ëçã= éêÉëÉåíÉê~ëK=oáâëÇ~ÖëJI=ä~åÇëíáåÖëJ=çÅÜ=âçããìå~äî~äI=~åÇÉä=ëçã=éÉêëçåê∏ëJ í~íI=~åÇÉä=ìíä®åÇëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=çÅÜ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=ëçã=ê∏ëí~íI=âçããìJ å~ä~=ëâáääå~ÇÉê=á=î~äêÉëìäí~í=ãÉää~å=âçããìå=çÅÜ=êáâëÇ~ÖK=oÉëìäí~í=çã=ã~åJ Ç~íÑ∏êÇÉäåáåÖ=çÅÜ=ã~àçêáíÉíëÑ∏êÜ™ää~åÇÉ=êÉÇçîáë~ë=âçêíÑ~íí~íI=ãÉå=âçããÉê=~íí= ™íÉêâçãã~=á=íÉã~=P=Ó=aÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~ë=áåÑäóí~åÇÉK= =
aÉãçÖê~Ñá=é™îÉêâ~ê=êÉëìäí~íÉå= k™Öê~=Ä~âÖêìåÇÑ~âíçêÉê=ëçã=ã~å=Ä∏ê=í~=Ü®åëóå=íáää=å®ê=ã~å=~å~äóëÉê~ê=î~äJ ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=®ê=Üìê=ÄÉÑçäâåáåÖëëíêìâíìêÉå=ëÉê=ìí=á=âçããìåÉå=ë~ãí=Üìê=ëíçê= ~åÇÉä=ëçã=®ê=Ñ∏ÇÇ~=ìíçãä~åÇëK=aÉí=®ê=â®åí=~íí=®äÇêÉ=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=Ü~ê=Éíí=Ü∏ÖJ êÉ=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=®å=óåÖêÉ=çÅÜ=~íí=ìíêáâÉë=Ñ∏ÇÇ~I=ëéÉÅáÉääí=çã=ÇÉ=îáëí~íë=âçêí= íáÇ=á=pîÉêáÖÉI=Ü~ê=Éíí=ä®ÖêÉ=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=®å=éÉêëçåÉê=ëçã=®ê=Ñ∏ÇÇ~=á=pîÉêáÖÉK=f= ëóÑíÉ=~íí=ìåÇÉêä®íí~=~å~äóëÉå=Ñ∏ê=ä®ë~êÉå=êÉÇçîáë~ë=ëí~íáëíáâ=∏îÉê=™äÇÉêëëíêìâJ íìêÉå=çÅÜ=~åÇÉä=ìíêáâÉë=Ñ∏ÇÇ~=á=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~=á=Äáä~Ö~=O=çÅÜ=PK=
=
=
R=EPNF
= N
q~ÄÉää=N=J=s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=á=êáâëÇ~ÖëJI=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖëî~ä=OMMO K=mêçJ ÅÉåí= hçããìåLoÉÖáçå= oáâëÇ~Ö= hçããìå= i~åÇëíáåÖ= _çíâóêâ~=
TQIN
SUIT
SUIR
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
UNIT
TVIS
TVIP
c~ÖÉêëí~=
TTIU
TRIS
TPIS
d®îäÉ=
TUIU
TSIS
TSIR
eìÇÇáåÖÉ=
TVIU
TRIV
TRIS
e®êêóÇ~=
UPIM
UNIM
UMIQ
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
UNIP
UMIP
TVIT
hêçâçã=
TUIT
TTIP
TSIV
iáåâ∏éáåÖ=
UOIV
UMIV
UMIS
iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉå=
TVIN
TTIU
G
j~êâ=
UNIP
TVIR
TVIN
kçêêâ∏éáåÖ=
TUIV
TSIQ
TSIM
pî~ä∏î=
TVIV
TTIV
TTIR
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
TTIU
TSIQ
TSIP
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
TSIO
TNIV
TNIR
pîÉêáÖÉ=
UMIN
TTIV
TTIR
= s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=®ê=∏îÉêä~Ö=Ü∏ÖêÉ=®å=á=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëJ íáåÖëî~äÉåK=bå=çÑí~=Ñ∏êÉâçãã~åÇÉ=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ=íáää=ÇÉåå~=ëâáääå~Ç=®ê=~íí=ìíJ ä®åÇëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=Ü~ê=Éíí=ä®ÖêÉ=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=®å=ëîÉåëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉK= aÉåå~=ëâáääå~Ç=ãÉÇÑ∏ê=~íí=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=Ääáê=Ü∏ÖêÉ=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=Ç®ê=ÉåJ Ä~êí=ëîÉåëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=Ü~ê=ê∏ëíê®íí=à®ãÑ∏êí=ãÉÇ=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëJ íáåÖëî~äÉå=Ç®ê=ë~ãíäáÖ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=NU=™ê=çÅÜ=®äÇêÉ=Ñ™ê=ê∏ëí~K=pâáääå~ÇÉå=á= î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=ãÉää~å=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖëî~äÉå=®ê=Ç®êÉãçí=ãóÅâÉí=äáíÉåK== •
_ä~åÇ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê=Ü~ÇÉ=e®êêóÇ~=ÇÉí=Ü∏Öëí~=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí= á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=ãÉÇ=UPIM=éêçÅÉåíK=ûîÉå=bãã~ÄçÇ~I=h~êäëÜ~ãåI=iáåJ â∏éáåÖ=çÅÜ=j~êâ=Ü~ÇÉ=Éíí=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=ëçã=ä™Ö=∏îÉê=êáâëÖÉåçãëåáíJ íÉíë=UMIN=éêçÅÉåíK=
•
i®Öëí=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=Ü~ÇÉ=_çíâóêâ~=çÅÜ=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=á= píçÅâÜçäã=ä®å=ãÉÇ=TQIN=êÉëéÉâíáîÉ=TSIO=éêçÅÉåíK=
====================================================== N
=páÑÑêçêå~=®ê=Ü®ãí~ÇÉ=Ñê™å=pí~íáëíáëâ~=ÅÉåíê~äÄóê™åë=çÑÑáÅáÉää~=î~äëí~íáëíáâK=páÑÑêçêå~= â~å=Ç®êÑ∏ê=~îîáâ~=å™Öçí=Ñê™å=ÇÉå=ëí~íáëíáâ=ëçã=éêÉëÉåíÉê~ë=á=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ= âçããìåÉêå~ë=ÉÖå~=ê~ééçêíÉê=Ç®ê=ìééÖáÑíÉêå~=áÄä~åÇ=Ü~ê=î~êáí=éêÉäáãáå®ê~K=
=
=
S=EPNF
= •
pí∏êëí=ëâáääå~Ç=á=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=ãÉää~å=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=çÅÜ=âçããìåî~äÉí= Ü~ÇÉ=_çíâóêâ~=ãÉÇ=RIQ=éêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉêI=ãáåëí=ëâáääå~Ç=Ü~ÇÉ=h~êäëJ Ü~ãå=ãÉÇ=NIM=éêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíK==
•
pâáääå~ÇÉå=á=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=ãÉää~å=âçããìåî~äÉí=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖëî~äÉí= î~ê=äáíÉåI=Ñ∏êìíçã=á=c~ÖÉêëí~=Ç®ê=O=éêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉê=ÑäÉê=ê∏ëí~ÇÉ=á=âçãJ ãìåî~äÉíK=^íí=c~ÖÉêëí~=~îîáâÉê=â~å=Ü~=ë~ãÄ~åÇ=ãÉÇ=ÇÉå=ÉñíêÉã~= ê∏ëíÇÉäåáåÖÉå=ãÉää~å=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=Ç®ê=î®åëíÉêé~êíáÉí= ëâ∏êÇ~ÇÉ=ëíçê~=Ñê~ãÖ™åÖ~ê=á=âçããìåî~äÉíK= O
q~ÄÉää=O=J=c∏ê®åÇêáåÖ=á=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=NVVUJOMM OK=mêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉê== hçããìåLoÉÖáçå= oáâëÇ~Ö= hçããìå= i~åÇëíáåÖ= _çíâóêâ~=
JNIS
JMIS
JMIT
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
JMIV
JNIM
JMIS
c~ÖÉêëí~=
JOIM
JNIR
JOIS
d®îäÉ=
JNIR
JNIP
JNIP
eìÇÇáåÖÉ=
JNIO
JMIS
JMIR
e®êêóÇ~=
JNIU
JNIM
JNIM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
JMIU
JMIQ
JMIP
hêçâçã=
JOIQ
JOIP
JOIP
iáåâ∏éáåÖ=
JMIV
JMIP
JMIP
MIP
NIV
G
j~êâ=
JNIR
JNIO
JNIP
kçêêâ∏éáåÖ=
JNIO
JMIP
JMIQ
pî~ä∏î=
JMIP
JMIR
JMIT
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
JNIQ
JMIV
JMIR
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
JNIM
JMIO
JMIP
pîÉêáÖÉ=
JNIP
JMIT
JMIS
iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉå=
= s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=Ü~ê=ëàìåâáí=á=ë™î®ä=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=ëçã=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëJ íáåÖëî~äÉå=á=ë~ãíäáÖ~=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê=ìíçã=á=ëí~ÇëÇÉäëå®ãåÇÉå=iáåJ å¨ëí~ÇÉå=á=d∏íÉÄçêÖë=ëí~ÇK=s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=Ü~ê=ãáåëâ~í=ëÉÇ~å=éÉêáçÇÉå=NVTPJ NVUO=Ç™=~åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=ìåÇÉê=Ñóê~=î~ä=∏îÉêëíÉÖ=VM=éêçÅÉåíK=aÉå=ëí∏êëí~= ãáåëâåáåÖÉå=á=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=Ñê™å=Éíí=î~ä=íáää=Éíí=~åå~í=ëâÉÇÇÉ=ãÉää~å=™êÉå= NVVQ=çÅÜ=NVVUI=Ç™=~åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=ãáåëâ~ÇÉ=ãÉÇ=RIQ=éêçJ ====================================================== O
=páÑÑêçêå~=®ê=Ü®ãí~ÇÉ=Ñê™å=pí~íáëíáëâ~=ÅÉåíê~äÄóê™åë=çÑÑáÅáÉää~=î~äëí~íáëíáâK=páÑÑêçêå~= â~å=Ç®êÑ∏ê=~îîáâ~=å™Öçí=Ñê™å=ÇÉå=ëí~íáëíáâ=ëçã=éêÉëÉåíÉê~ë=á=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìJ åÉêå~ë=ÉÖå~=ê~ééçêíÉê=Ç®ê=ìééÖáÑíÉêå~=áÄä~åÇ=Ü~ê=î~êáí=éêÉäáãáå®ê~K=
=
=
T=EPNF
= ÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉêK=j∏àäáÖ~=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ~ê=íáää=åÉÇÖ™åÖÉå=â~å=î~ê~=~íí=NVVMJí~äÉíë=ä™ÖJ âçåàìåâíìê=ÑáÅâ=éçäáíáâÉêå~=~íí=Ñê~ãëí™=ëçã=ã~âíä∏ë~=áåÑ∏ê=ìíîÉÅâäáåÖÉåK=c∏êJ íêçÉåÇÉí=Ñ∏ê=éçäáíáâÉå=ëâ~Ç~ÇÉë=ë~ååçäáâí=®îÉå=~î=Éíí=~åí~ä=éçäáíáâÉêëâ~åÇ~äÉê= ëçã=ìééã®êâë~ãã~ÇÉë=ëíçêí=á=ãÉÇá~=ìåÇÉê=ÇÉåå~=éÉêáçÇK=bå=íêÉÇàÉ=çêë~â= â~å=î~ê~=~íí=~åÇÉäÉå=ìíêáâÉë=Ñ∏ÇÇ~=á=ÄÉÑçäâåáåÖÉå=EãÉÇ=çÑí~=ä™Ö=ê∏ëíÄÉå®ÖÉåJ P ÜÉíF=∏â~ÇÉ=ãóÅâÉí=ìåÇÉê=çÅÜ=ëíê~ñ=Ñ∏êÉ=ÇÉåå~=î~äéÉêáçÇ K== •
iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉå=Ü~ê=∏â~í=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=çÅÜ=âçããìåî~J äÉí=ãÉÇ=MIP=êÉëéÉâíáîÉ=NIV=éêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉêK==
•
f=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=á=hêçâçã=ãáåëâ~ÇÉ=~åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=ãÉÇ=OIQ=éêçJ ÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉêK=
•
jáåëâåáåÖÉå=á=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=Ü~ê=î~êáí=ã™ííäáÖ=á=pî~ä∏îë=êáâëÇ~Öëî~ä= ë~ãí=á=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖëî~äÉå=á=h~êäëÜ~ãåI=iáåâ∏éáåÖI=kçêêJ â∏éáåÖ=çÅÜ=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉK=
•
s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=Ü~ê=ãáåëâ~í=ãÉê=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=®å=á=âçããìåJ=çÅÜ= ä~åÇëíáåÖëî~äÉåK=råÇ~åí~ÖÉå=ìíÖ∏êë=~î=iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉå=çÅÜ=pî~ä∏î=
=
====================================================== P
=cê™å=UIR=éêçÅÉåí=ìíêáâÉë=Ñ∏ÇÇ~=~î=ÄÉÑçäâåáåÖÉå=NVUU=íáää=NMIV=éêçÅÉåí=™ê=NVVU=Eh®ää~W= p`_F=
=
=
U=EPNF
= = Q
q~ÄÉää=P=Ó=^åÇÉä=ê∏ëíÄÉê®ííáÖ~ÇÉ=ëçã=éÉêëçåê∏ëí~í=NVVU=çÅÜ=OMMO =ë~ãí=Ñ∏êJ ®åÇêáåÖ=NVVUJOMMOK= hçããìåLoÉÖáçå= ^åÇÉä=ëçã=éÉêJ ëçåê∏ëí~í=NVVUI= éêçÅÉåí=
^åÇÉä=ëçã=éÉêJ ëçåê∏ëí~í=OMMOI= éêçÅÉåí=
aáÑÑÉêÉåë=NVVUJ OMMOI=éêçÅÉåíÉåJ ÜÉíÉê=
_çíâóêâ~=
OUIM
PMIO
OIO
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
PUIO
QPIO
RIM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
QUIN
PTIU
JNMIP
d®îäÉ=
PPIQ
OPIQ
JNMIM
eìÇÇáåÖÉ=
OPIR
OOIP
JNIO
e®êêóÇ~=
POIU
PNIV
JMIV
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
POIV
PMIO
JOIT
hêçâçã=
QQIS
PTIO
JTIQ
iáåâ∏éáåÖ=
OSIS
OOIV
JPIT
G
PMIR
G
j~êâ=
PSIS
PNIP
JRIP
kçêêâ∏éáåÖ=
PNIM
OUIQ
JOIS
pî~ä∏î=
QNIS
PNIQ
JNMIO
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
QNIV
PTIP
JQIS
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
OUIQ
PNIQ
PIM
pîÉêáÖÉ=
PRIO
PNIQ
JPIU
iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉå=
= ^åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëíÄÉê®ííáÖ~ÇÉ=ëçã=éÉêëçåê∏ëí~ÇÉ=ìééÖáÅâ=íáää=âå~ééí=Éå=íêÉÇàÉÇÉä= îáÇ=âçããìåî~äÉí=OMMOK=g®ãÑ∏êí=ãÉÇ=NVVUI=ëçã=î~ê=ÇÉí=Ñ∏êëí~=™êÉí=ãÉÇ=éÉêJ ëçåî~äI=ãáåëâ~ÇÉ=~åÇÉäÉå=ãÉÇ=å®ëí~å=Q=éêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉêK=aÉí=®ê=ëíçê~=ëâáääå~J ÇÉê=ãÉää~å=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~=ë™î®ä=á=~åÇÉäÉå=ëçã=éÉêëçåê∏ëí~ÇÉ= ëçã=Ñ∏ê®åÇêáåÖÉå=∏îÉê=íáÇÉåK= •
_ÉÑçäâåáåÖëã®ëëáÖí=ëã™=âçããìåÉê=Ü~ÇÉ=á=ÖÉåçãëåáíí=Éå=ëí∏êêÉ=~åÇÉä= éÉêëçåê∏ëí~åÇÉ=®å=ëí∏êêÉ=âçããìåÉêK==
•
e∏Öëí=~åÇÉä=éÉêëçåê∏ëí~åÇÉ=Ñ~ååë=á=bãã~ÄçÇ~=EQPIO=éêçÅÉåíF=çÅÜ=c~J ÖÉêëí~=EPTIU=éêçÅÉåíFK==f=Ä™Ç~=âçããìåÉêå~=â~å=ÇÉå=Ü∏Ö~=~åÇÉäÉå=íáää=
====================================================== Q
=páÑÑêçêå~=®ê=Ü®ãí~ÇÉ=Ñê™å=pí~íáëíáëâ~=ÅÉåíê~äÄóê™åë=çÑÑáÅáÉää~=î~äëí~íáëíáâK=páÑÑêçêå~= â~å=Ç®êÑ∏ê=~îîáâ~=å™Öçí=Ñê™å=ÇÉå=ëí~íáëíáâ=ëçã=éêÉëÉåíÉê~ë=á=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìJ åÉêå~ë=ÉÖå~=ê~ééçêíÉê=Ç®ê=ìééÖáÑíÉêå~=áÄä~åÇ=Ü~ê=î~êáí=éêÉäáãáå®ê~K=
=
=
V=EPNF
= ëíçê=ÇÉä=Ü®åÑ∏ê~ë=íáää=Ñê~ãÖ™åÖ~êå~=Ñ∏ê=píáÖ=eÉåêáâëëçå=EsF=á=c~ÖÉêëí~= çÅÜ=h~êäJbêáâ=káäëëçå=EpF=á=bãã~ÄçÇ~K= •
i™Ö=~åÇÉä=éÉêëçåê∏ëí~åÇÉ=Ñ~ååë=Ñê®ãëí=á=eìÇÇáåÖÉI=iáåâ∏éáåÖ=çÅÜ= d®îäÉ=ãÉÇ=ÇêóÖí=OM=éêçÅÉåíK=
•
^åÇÉäÉå=éÉêëçåê∏ëí~åÇÉ=∏â~ÇÉ=ÉåÇ~ëí=á=íêÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê=J= bãã~ÄçÇ~=ë~ãí=á=_çíâóêâ~=çÅÜ=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉK=£âåáåÖÉå=á=ÇÉ=íî™=ëáëíJ å®ãåÇ~=âçããìåÉêå~=â~å=ÄÉêç=é™=Éå=∏â~Ç=áåÑçêã~íáçåëë~íëåáåÖ=Ñê™å= âçããìåÉå=çÅÜ=é~êíáÉêå~=íáää=áåî~åÇê~êí®í~=çãê™ÇÉåK==
aá~Öê~ã=N=Ó=^åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=OMMRK=mêçJ ÅÉåíK=
76,0%
74,7% 73,7% 71,3% 71,2% 71,0%
Procent
72,0%
70,3%
70,0% 68,0%
68,0%
66,8%
66,3% 65,0%
64,0% 61,6% 61,3%
e rig Sv e
yr ka Fa ge rs ta
tk Bo
Kr ok om
Ka rls
ha Em mn m ab od a M ar k
60,0%
= ^åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=î~ê=TM=éêçÅÉåí=~íí=à®ãÑ∏J ê~=ãÉÇ=ÇêóÖí=UM=éêçÅÉåí=Ää~åÇ=ë~ãíäáÖ~=î®äà~êÉK=_ä~åÇ=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçãJ ãìåÉêå~=î~ê=î~êá~íáçåÉêå~=ëíçê~=Ó=Ñê™å=ÇêóÖ~=SM=éêçÅÉåí=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=Ñ∏êëí~J Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=íáää=å®ëí~å=TR=éêçÅÉåíK== •
e∏Öëí=~åÇÉä=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=Ü~ÇÉ=e®êêóÇ~=çÅÜ=h~êäëJ Ü~ãåK=jáåëí=Ü~ÇÉ=p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãåI=c~ÖÉêëí~=çÅÜ=_çíâóêâ~K=
•
f=c~ÖÉêëí~=çÅÜ=p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=î~ê=ê∏ëí~åÇÉäÉå=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=NS=éêçÅÉåíJ ÉåÜÉíÉê=Ü∏ÖêÉ=á=ÜÉä~=î®äà~êÖêìééÉå=®å=Ää~åÇ=ÖêìééÉå=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äJ à~êÉK=jáåëí=î~ê=ëâáääå~ÇÉå=á=h~êäëÜ~ãå=ãÉÇ=å®ëí~å=U=éêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉêK=
====================================================== R
=páÑÑê~å=Ñ∏ê=d®îäÉ=®ê=~îêìåÇ~Ç=íáää=ÜÉäí~ä=
=
=
NM=EPNF
= q~ÄÉää=Q=Ó=s~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=Ää~åÇ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=çÅÜ=~åÇê~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=á= êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=OMMOK== hçããìå=
^åÇê~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉI= éêçÅÉåí=
S
c∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉI= éêçÅÉåí=
aáÑÑÉêÉåëI=éêçÅÉåíJ ÉåÜÉíÉê=
d®îäÉ =
SUIM
SUIM
MIM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
SUIM
TPIT
RIT
iáåâ∏éáåÖ =
TQIM
TNIM
JPIM
j~êâ=
SQIT
TNIO
SIR
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
SRIQ
SSIP
MIV
SVIM
TMIM
NIM
T
U
pîÉêáÖÉ = =
cÉã=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê=Ü~ê=ëíìÇÉê~í=~åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=~åÇê~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êJ å~I=ÇîëK=ÇÉ=ëçã=®ê=á=™äÇÉêå=OOJOR=™êK=k™Öçí=∏îÉêê~ëâ~åÇÉ=î~ê=ÇÉí=Éå=ëí∏êêÉ= ~åÇÉä=Ää~åÇ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êå~=ëçã=ê∏ëí~ÇÉ=®å=Ää~åÇ=~åÇê~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êå~K= pÉê=îá=Ä∏êà~å=íáää=Éå=ãçííêÉåÇ=ãÉÇ=Éå=ëí∏êêÉ=~åÇÉä=ìåÖÇçã~ê=ëçã=ê∏ëí~ê=ÉääÉê= Ñáååë=ÇÉí=~åÇê~=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ~ê=íáää=ÇÉíí~=ÑÉåçãÉå\=bå=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ=â~å=î~ê~=~íí=ÑäÉê= á=ÇÉå=óåÖêÉ=ÖêìééÉå=î®äà~êÉ=Äçê=Üçë=ëáå~=Ñ∏ê®äÇê~êK=aÉí=â~å=î~ê~=ëî™ê~êÉ=~íí= ëíêìåí~=á=ÉääÉê=Öä∏ãã~=Äçêí=~íí=ã~å=ëâ~ää=ê∏ëí~=çã=ã~å=Äçê=íáääë~ãã~åë=çÅÜ= çã=Ñ∏ê®äÇê~êå~=íóÅâÉê=ÇÉí=®ê=îáâíáÖí=~íí=ê∏ëí~K=bå=~åå~å=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ=â~å=î~ê~=~íí= ã~å=Ñ™ê=î~äáåÑçêã~íáçå=á=ëâçä~å=çÅÜ=~íí=î~äÉí=Ç®êÑ∏ê=Ääáê=ãÉê=é™í~ÖäáÖí=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉå= ÇÉä=~î=ÇÉå=óåÖêÉ=î®äà~êÖêìééÉå=ëçã=Ö™ê=á=ëâçä~åK== bå=~åå~å=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ=â~å=çÅâë™=î~ê~=~íí=ìåÖÇçã~ê=ëçã=Ñäóíí~ê=íáää=~åÇê~= âçããìåÉê=Ñ∏ê=~íí=ëíìÇÉê~=çÑí~=®ê=ãÉê=ê∏ëíÄÉå®Öå~=®å=ÇÉã=ëçã=Äçê=âî~êK=aÉíJ í~=áååÉÄ®ê=~íí=ÖêìééÉå=~åÇê~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=á=âçããìåÉê=ëçã=ë~âå~ê=ëíìÇáÉã∏àJ äáÖÜÉíÉê=Ñ™ê=Éíí=ä®ÖêÉ=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=ÉÑíÉêëçã=ÇÉå=Öêìéé=ëçã=î~êáí=ãÉëí=ê∏ëíJ ÄÉå®ÖÉå=áåíÉ=ä®åÖêÉ=Äçê=âî~ê=Ç®êK== •
f=h~êäëÜ~ãå=çÅÜ=j~êâ=ê∏ëí~ÇÉ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=á=ãóÅâÉí=Ü∏ÖêÉ=ìíJ ëíê®ÅâåáåÖ=®å=~åÇê~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êå~K=pâáääå~ÇÉå=î~ê=êìåí=S=éêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉJ íÉêK=
•
iáåâ∏éáåÖ=î~ê=ÇÉå=ÉåÇ~=ìåÇÉêë∏âí~=âçããìåÉå=Ç®ê=~åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ= ~åÇê~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉ=î~ê=ëí∏êêÉK=aÉíí~=â~å=ÄÉêç=é™=~íí=iáåâ∏éáåÖ=®ê=Éå= ìåáîÉêëáíÉíëëí~Ç=Çáí=ëíìÇáÉáåêáâí~ÇÉ=çÅÜ=çÑí~=ê∏ëíåáåÖëÄÉå®Öå~=ìåÖJ Ççã~ê=á=™äÇÉêå=OOJOR=™ê=Ñäóíí~êK=
= = ====================================================== S
=^îêìåÇ~ÇÉ=ëáÑÑêçê=
T
=^îêìåÇ~ÇÉ=ëáÑÑêçê=
U
=h®ää~W=p`_Wë=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉëíìÇáÉê=ëçã=Ä~ëÉê~ë=é™=Éíí=ìêî~ä=~î=ê∏ëíÄÉê®ííáÖ~ÇÉ=
=
=
NN=EPNF
= aá~Öê~ã=O=Ó=^åÇÉäÉå=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=Ää~åÇ=ìíä®åÇëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=á=âçããìåJ î~äÉí=OMMOK=mêçÅÉåíK=
38,0%
37,0% 36,9% 36,0% 36,0%
36,0%
35,5%
35,1% 35,0%
35,0%
34,6%
34,0%
33,2% 32,4%
Procent
32,0%
30,8%
30,0%
28,9%
28,0% 26,0% 24,0% 22,0%
ab o m Em
Sv er ig e
da
k M ar
Bo tk yr ka
Ka r ls ha
m n Kr ok om Fa ge rs ta
20,0%
= ^åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=Ää~åÇ=ìíä®åÇëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=®ê=~îëÉî®êí=ä®ÖêÉ=®å=Ää~åÇ= ëîÉåëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉK=ûîÉå=Ü®ê=Ü~ê=íêÉåÇÉå=î~ê=âê~ÑíáÖí=åÉÖ~íáî=ìåÇÉê=Éå= ä™åÖ=éÉêáçÇK=üê=NVTS=ê∏ëí~ÇÉ=Å~=SM=éêçÅÉåí=~î=ÇÉ=ìíä®åÇëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êå~=à®ãJ Ñ∏êí=ãÉÇ=PR=éêçÅÉåí=™ê=OMMOK=g®ãÑ∏êí=ãÉÇ=™ê=NVVU=Ü~ê=ÇçÅâ=~åÇÉäÉå=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ= ∏â~í=å™Öçí=Ñê™å=PQIR=íáää=PR=éêçÅÉåíK=bå=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ=â~å=î~ê~=~íí=ã™åÖ~=âçãJ ãìåÉê=çÅÜ=é~êíáÉê=ë~íë~í=Éñíê~=êÉëìêëÉê=Ñ∏ê=~íí=å™=ìí=íáää=ÇÉåå~=î®äà~êÖêìéé= áåÑ∏ê=î~äÉí=OMMOK= lã=Éå=âçããìå=Ü~ê=Éå=Ü∏Ö=ÉääÉê=ä™Ö=~åÇÉä=ê∏ëí~åÇÉ=ìíä®åÇëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ= ÄÉêçê=áåíÉ=ÉåÄ~êí=é™=Ñ∏êÜ™ää~åÇÉå=ëçã=éçäáíáâÉê=ê™ÇÉê=∏îÉê=ÉääÉê=é™=ë~ãÜ®ääëJ ÉåÖ~ÖÉã~åÖÉí=á=âçããìåÉåK=eìê=ëíçê=~åÇÉä=ÇÉí=®ê=ëçã=ê∏ëí~í=ÄÉêçê=çÅâë™=íáää= ëíçê=ÇÉä=é™=Üìê=ä®åÖÉ=ã~å=î~êáí=á=pîÉêáÖÉI=ëçÅáçÉâçåçãáëâ=íáääÜ∏êáÖÜÉí=çÅÜ=çã= ã~å=éä~åÉê~ê=~íí=ëí~åå~=á=pîÉêáÖÉ=ÉääÉê=ÜÉäëí=îáää=Ñäóíí~=íáääÄ~â~=íáää=ÜÉãä~åÇÉíK== aÉí=®ê=Ç®êÉãçí=áåíêÉëë~åí=çÅÜ=îáâíáÖí=~íí=Ñ∏äà~=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=Ñ∏ê=ìíä®åÇëâ~= ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=á=âçããìåÉå=∏îÉê=íáÇÉåK=hêçâçã=çÅÜ=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=Ü~ê=êÉÇçîáë~í= ëáÑÑêçê=®îÉå=Ñ∏ê=î~äÉí=NVVUK=f=hêçâçã=ãáåëâ~ÇÉ=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=Ää~åÇ=ìíä®åÇëJ â~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=Ñê™å=PTIU=íáää=PSIV=éêçÅÉåíK=f=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=ëâÉÇÇÉ=ÇÉí=Ç®êÉãçí=Éå= ∏âåáåÖ=Ñê™å=PMIP=íáää=POIQ=éêçÅÉåíK=j™åÖ~=ãÉÇ=ìíä®åÇëâ=Ä~âÖêìåÇ=Ü~ê=éÉêëçåJ ê∏ëí~í=çÅÜ=ã∏àäáÖÜÉíÉå=íáää=éÉêëçåê∏ëíåáåÖ=â~å=Ü~=∏â~í=áåíêÉëëÉí=Ñ∏ê=~íí=ÇÉäí~=á= î~äÉíK=bå=~åå~å=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ=â~å=î~ê~=~íí=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=ÖÉåçãÑ∏êÇÉ=Éíí=éêçàÉâí=ëçã= áååÉÑ~íí~ÇÉ=ë™î®ä=ëâêáÑíäáÖ=ëçã=ãìåíäáÖ=ÑäÉêëéê™âäáÖ=î~äáåÑçêã~íáçåI=äçâ~ä~= ÇÉÄ~ííÉê=çÅÜ=ë®åÇåáåÖ~ê=çã=î~äÉí=á=äçâ~ä=qs=ë~ãí=~íí=é~êíáÉêå~=∏â~ÇÉ=ëáå~= ~âíáîáíÉíÉê=á=ëí~ÇëÇÉä~ê=ãÉÇ=ã™åÖ~=áåî~åÇê~ÇÉK===
=
=
NO=EPNF
= q~ÄÉää=R=Ópâáääå~Ç=á=î~äêÉëìäí~í=ãÉää~å=âçããìåî~äÉí=çÅÜ=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉí=OMMOK= mêçÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉêK= hçããìåLoÉÖáçå=
j=
`=
cé=
hÇ=
p=
s=
jé=
£îêáÖ~=
MIV
JMIR
JMIS
JOIU
JMIT
JMIS
JMIS=
QIU
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
JNIO
NIQ
JOIN
JMIV
SIR
JNIO
JNIIN=
JNIR
c~ÖÉêëí~=
JNIV
JNIT
JQIR
JOIR
JOSIN
QMIP
JOIR=
JNIN
d®îäÉ =
PIM
OIM
MIM
JNIM
JSIM
OIM
MIM=
JNIM
eìÇÇáåÖÉ=
MIP
JMIN
JQIR
JOIM
JNIM
JMIS
JNIO=
UIV
e®êêóÇ~=
NIS
NIM
JNIU
JOIV
JOIM
JNIP
NIM=
QIR
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
OIN
OIV
JNIO
JNIQ
JVIP
JPIV
OIM=
UIV
JNIN
SIO
JNIT
MIM
JOIS
MIN
MIS=
JNIR
iáåâ∏éáåÖ=
MIV
OIM
JPIM
JNIS
JMIO
JMIQ
JMIP=
OIM
iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉå=
PIP
JMIO
JNIT
JNIM
JNIS
JOIS
JNIQ=
PIR
JMIQ
RIM
JOIO
JQIM
JQIN
JMIO
JMIV=
SIV
PIP
MIQ
JOIN
JNIO
JNIR
MIO
JMIP=
NIN
pî~ä∏î=
JNIO
NMIQ
JOIS
JOIS
JQIR
JNIQ
MIQ=
NIS
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
JMIN
NNIN
JMIR
JMIR
JNOIT
QIP
MIP=
JNIU
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
MIU
OIQ
JOIS
JPIR
JMIU
JMIO
MIS=
PIM
pîÉêáÖÉ=
OIP
OIQ
JNIV
JOIM
JOIS
JMIO
JMIP=
OIP
_çíâóêâ~=
V
hêçâçã=
j~êâ= kçêêâ∏éáåÖ=
jçÇÉê~íÉêå~I=ÅÉåíÉêé~êíáÉí=çÅÜ=∏îêáÖ~=é~êíáÉê=Ü~ê=á=ÖÉåçãëåáíí=Ä®ííêÉ=î~äêÉJ ëìäí~í=á=âçããìåî~äÉå=®å=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉåK=jÉÇ~å=ãçíë~íëÉå=Ö®ääÉê=Ñ∏ê=ëçÅá~äJ ÇÉãçâê~íÉêå~I=Ñçäâé~êíáÉí=çÅÜ=âêáëíÇÉãçâê~íÉêå~K=c∏ê=î®åëíÉêé~êíáÉí=çÅÜ=ãáäJ à∏é~êíáÉí=®ê=ëâáääå~ÇÉå=ãÉê=ã~êÖáåÉääK==m™=äçâ~ä=åáî™=â~å=ëâáääå~ÇÉêå~=ãÉää~å= î~äÉå=î~ê~=î®äÇáÖí=ëíçê~K=aÉí=Ñê®ãëí~=ÉñÉãéäÉí=®ê=c~ÖÉêëí~=Ç®ê=ÇêóÖí=QM=éêçJ ÅÉåíÉåÜÉíÉê=ëí∏êêÉ=~åÇÉä=ê∏ëí~ÇÉ=é™=î®åëíÉêé~êíáÉí=á=âçããìåî~äÉí=®å=á=êáâëJ Ç~Öëî~äÉíK= •
`ÉåíÉêé~êíáÉí=Ü~ê=çÑí~=Éå=ëí~êâ~êÉ=éçëáíáçå=âçããìå~äí=®å=á=êáâëÇ~ÖÉåK= _ä~åÇ=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~=Ö®ääÉê=ÇÉíí~=ëéÉÅáÉääí=Ñ∏ê=p∏ÇÉêJ Ü~ãå=I=pî~ä∏î=çÅÜ=hêçâçãK=
•
f=eìÇÇáåÖÉI=h~êäëÜ~ãå=çÅÜ=j~êâ=ÑáÅâ=ãáåÇêÉ=ÉääÉê=äçâ~ä~=é~êíáÉê=ëíçê= ~åÇÉä=~î=ê∏ëíÉêå~=
•
bãã~ÄçÇ~=î~ê=ÇÉå=ÉåÇ~=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉå=Ç®ê=ëçÅá~äÇÉãçâê~J íÉêå~=î~ê=ëí~êâ~êÉ=á=âçããìå~äî~äÉí=®å=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉíK=
•
f=d®îäÉI=iáåâ∏éáåÖ=çÅÜ=iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉå=î~ê=ãçÇÉê~íÉêå~=âä~êí=ëí~êâ~êÉ=á= âçããìåî~äÉí=®å=á=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äÉíK=
====================================================== V
=^îêìåÇ~ÇÉ=ëáÑÑêçê=
=
=
NP=EPNF
= q~ÄÉää=S=Ó=j~åÇ~íÑ∏êÇÉäåáåÖ=çÅÜ=ã~àçêáíÉíëÑ∏êÜ™ää~åÇÉå=ÉÑíÉê=î~äÉí=OMMO= =
ã=
Å=
Ñé=
âÇ= ë=
î=
ãé= ∏îêK ëìãã~= ã~àçêáíÉí=
_çíâóêâ~=
V=
M=
U
Q
OU
S
P
P
SN= ëI=î=
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
Q=
S=
N
Q
OP
O
N
M
QN= ë=
c~ÖÉêëí~=
P=
N=
N
N
NM
NV
M
M
PR= îI=ãI=ÅI=ÑéI=âÇ=
d®îäÉ=
NM=
Q=
U
R
OU
T
P
M
SR= ë=ãáåçêáíÉí=
eìÇÇáåÖÉ=
NP=
M=
U
Q
OQ
R
O
R
SN= ëI=îI=ãé=
e®êêóÇ~=
V=
P=
V
P
NS
P
P
P
QV= ãI=ÅI=ÑéI=âÇI=ëéá=
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
T=
Q=
R
Q
NV
P
P
S
RN= ëI=ÑéI=âÇ=
hêçâçã=
Q= NO=
O
O
NU
Q
P
M
QR= ëI=Å=
iáåâ∏éáåÖ=
NQ=
S= NM
U
PN
S
Q
M
TV= ëI=Å=ãáåçêáíÉí=
iáåå¨ëí~ÇÉå=
NT=
M= NQ
R
OV
NM
S
M
UN= ëI=îI=ãé=
R=
U=
Q
Q
OM
Q
O
Q
RN= ëI=îI=ãé=
NU=
Q=
U
T
PR
T
Q
O
UR= ëI=î=ãáåçêáíÉí=
pî~ä∏î=
S= NM=
P
O
NR
N
N
P
QN= ÅI=ÑéI=âÇ=ãáåçêáíÉí=
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
Q= NN=
Q
P
NT
NM
O
M
RN= ëI=Å=
T
Q
OU
R
Q
Q
SR= ëI=îI=ãé=
j~êâ= kçêêâ∏éáåÖ=
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
NM=
P=
= f=pîÉêáÖÉ=Ñáååë=OVM=âçããìåÉê=ëçã=ëíóêë=~î=UV=çäáâ~=íóéÉê=~î=âç~äáíáçåÉêK= aÉåå~=ã™åÖÑ~äÇ=~î=ëíóêÉå=~îëéÉÖä~ë=®îÉå=Ää~åÇ=âçããìåÉêå~=ëçã=Öê~åëâ~í= î~äÉí=OMMOK=pçÅá~äÇÉãçâê~íÉêå~=®ê=ëí∏êëí~=é~êíá=á=~ää~=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê= Ñ∏êìíçã=á=c~ÖÉêëí~=Ç®ê=î®åëíÉêé~êíáÉí=®ê=ëí∏êëíK=aÉí=®ê=áåíÉ=ëà®äîâä~êí=~íí=ëíóêÉí= ÄÉëí™ê=~î=é~êíáÉê=Ñê™å=ë~ãã~=éçäáíáëâ~=ÄäçÅâK=f=c~ÖÉêëí~=Ñáååë=íáää=ÉñÉãéÉä=Éå= î~äíÉâåáëâ=ë~ãîÉêâ~å=ãÉää~å=îI=ãI=ÅI=Ñé=çÅÜ=âÇ=ëçã=áåäÉÇÇÉë=êÉÇ~å=ìåÇÉê= Ñ∏êê~=ã~åÇ~íéÉêáçÇÉåK=f=iáåâ∏éáåÖ=êÉÖÉê~ê=ë=çÅÜ=Å=íáääë~ãã~åë=á=ãáåçêáíÉí= ãÉÇ~å=ë~ãã~=âçåëíÉää~íáçå=®ê=á=ã~àçêáíÉí=á=hêçâçãK=f=h~êäëÜ~ãå=ë~ãîÉêâ~ê=ë= íáääë~ãã~åë=ãÉÇ=Ñé=çÅÜ=âÇK==bãã~ÄçÇ~=®ê=ÇÉå=ÉåÇ~=~î=ÇÉ=éêçàÉâíÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ= âçããìåÉêå~=Ç®ê=Éíí=é~êíá=®ê=á=Éåë~ã=ã~àçêáíÉíK= qî™=~î=NR=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~=ëíóêë=~î=ÉåÄ~êí=ÄçêÖÉêäáÖ~=é~êíáÉêK=f= e®êêóÇ~=êÉÖÉê~ê=ãI=ÅI=ÑéI=âÇ=çÅÜ=ëéá=EpîÉêáÖÉë=éÉåëáçå®êÉêë=áåíêÉëëÉé~êíáF=çÅÜ= á=pî~ä∏î=ëíóê=ÅI=Ñé=çÅÜ=âÇ=á=ãáåçêáíÉíK= aÉå=ëçÅá~ä~=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáçåÉå=á=âçããìåÉêå~=Ü~ê=ëíìÇÉê~íë=á=î~êáÉê~åÇÉ=ìíJ ëíê®ÅâåáåÖ=î~êÑ∏ê=Éå=ë~ãã~åëí®ääåáåÖ=®ê=ëî™ê=~íí=ÖÉåçãÑ∏ê~K=f=íÉã~=P=âçãJ ãÉê=ÇÉíí~=çãê™ÇÉ=ÇçÅâ=~íí=ëíìÇÉê~ë=ãÉê=áåÖ™ÉåÇÉK= =
=
=
NQ=EPNF
=
Enkät om valrörelsen c∏ê=~íí=Ñ™=êÉÇ~=é™=éçäáíáâÉêå~ë=ëóå=é™=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=OMMO=Ü~ê=NM=âçããìåÉê=ÖÉJ åçãÑ∏êí=Éå=ìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖ=Ç®ê=Éå=Éåâ®í=ãÉÇ=Ñê™Öçê=ëâáÅâ~íë=íáää=~ää~=çêÇáå~êáÉ= äÉÇ~ã∏íÉê=çÅÜ=Éêë®íí~êÉ=á=Ñìääã®âíáÖÉK=póÑíÉí=ãÉÇ=Éåâ®íÉå=®ê=~íí=Ñ™=Éå=ÄáäÇ=~î= Üìê=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=ÑìåÖÉê~í=ìê=éçäáíáâÉêå~ë=éÉêëéÉâíáîK=båâ®íÉå=Ü~åÇä~ê=á=ÜìJ îìÇë~â=çã=Üìê=çäáâ~=Ñê™Öçê=ÇáëâìíÉê~ÇÉë=á=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=çÅÜ=êÉÖáçå~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäJ ëÉå=ë~ãí=îáäâ~=Ñê™Öçê=ëçã=äóÑíÉë=Ñê~ã=á=ãÉÇá~K= pî~êëÑêÉâîÉåëÉå=á=ÇÉ=NM=âçããìåÉêå~=î~êáÉê~ê=Éå=ÇÉä=EëÉ=Äáä~Ö~=QFK=^å~äóëÉå= Ä∏ê=Ç®êÑ∏ê=ëâÉ=ãÉÇ=îáëë=Ñ∏êëáâíáÖÜÉíI=Ñê~ãÑ∏ê~ääí=îáÇ=à®ãÑ∏êÉäëÉê=ãÉää~å=âçãJ ãìåÉêå~K=aÉí=Ñê~ãÖ™ê=ÇçÅâ=íóÇäáÖí=ã™åÖ~=ÖÉãÉåë~ãã~=Çê~Ö=∏îÉê=Üìê=ÇÉ= Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=ëÉíí=é™=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=NW=içâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçê=ÑáÅâ=ëíçêí=ìíêóããÉ=á=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=mêçJ ÅÉåí= hçããìå=
fåëí®ããÉê= fåëí®ããÉê= ÜÉäí= ÇÉäîáë=
fåëí®ããÉê= âå~éé~ëí=
fåëí®ããÉê= áåíÉ=~ääë=
qçí~äí
_çíâóêâ~=
NP=
QS
PM
NN=
NMM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
NR=
SR
OM
M=
NMM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
PQ=
QV
NT
M=
NMM
d®îäÉ=
U=
RT
OS
U=
NMM
e®êêóÇ~=
N=
QT
QT
Q=
NMM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
NP=
RR
OS
S=
NMM
hêçâçã=
NO=
RS
PM
O=
NMM
pî~ä∏î=
PU=
RM
P
V=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
OR=
RU
NQ
P=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
U=
SR
OR
O=
NMM
= bå=ëíçê=ã~àçêáíÉí=~î=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=á=V=~î=ÇÉ=NM=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~= áåëí®ãÇÉ=ÜÉäí=ÉääÉê=ÇÉäîáë=á=~íí=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=ÑáÅâ=ëíçêí=ìíêóããÉ=á=ÇÉå= äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=f=ëéÉÅáÉääí=pî~ä∏î=çÅÜ=c~ÖÉêëí~=ÑáÅâ=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~= ãóÅâÉí=ëíçêí=ìíêóããÉ=á=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=f=e®êêóÇ~=çÅÜ=_çíâóêâ~=î~ê=ÇÉí=Ç®êÉãçí= Éå=ëíçê=~åÇÉä=ëçã=~åÖ~î=~íí=ÇÉ=âå~éé~ëí=áåëí®ããÉê=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉíK=c∏ê=Ñ∏êçêíëJ âçããìåÉê=íáää=ëí∏êêÉ=ëí®ÇÉê=®ê=êáëâÉå=ëíçê=~íí=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=Çêìåâå~ê=á=ÇÉ= Ñê™Öçê=ëçã=ê∏ê=ÜÉä~=ëíçêëí~ÇëêÉÖáçåÉåK= = = =
=
=
NR=EPNF
= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=OW=oáâëí®Åâ~åÇÉ=ãÉÇáÉê=Ü~ê=ÄÉî~â~í=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=é™=äçâ~LêÉÖáçå~ä= åáî™=é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK=mêçÅÉåí= hçããìå=
fåëí®ããÉê= fåëí®ããÉê= ÜÉäí= ÇÉäîáë=
fåëí®ããÉê= âå~éé~ëí=
fåëí®ããÉê= áåíÉ=~ääë=
qçí~äí
_çíâóêâ~=
O=
ON
RO
OR=
NMM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
S=
PO
QR
NT=
NMM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
T=
PT
QV
T=
NMM
d®îäÉ=
N=
PP
RR
NN=
NMM
e®êêóÇ~=
M=
NQ
QV
PT=
NMM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
O=
NS
RR
OT=
NMM
hêçâçã=
O=
V
QT
QO=
NMM
pî~ä∏î=
M=
S
RS
PU=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
P=
NN
SM
OS=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
R=
OO
SR
U=
NMM
= cäÉêí~äÉí=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇÉ=á=ìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖÉå=~åëÉê=áåíÉ=~íí=ÇÉí=êáâëí®Åâ~åÇÉ= ãÉÇáÉí=ÄÉî~â~í=âçããìåÉåë=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉ=é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK=f=hêçâçã=çÅÜ= pî~ä∏î=î~ê=ÇÉí=UV=êÉëéÉâíáîÉ=VQ=éêçÅÉåí=ëçã=âå~éé~ëí=ÉääÉê=áåíÉ=~ääë=áåëí®ãÇÉ= á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉíK=båÇ~ëí=Éíí=Ñ™í~ä=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=áåëí®ãÇÉ=ÜÉäí=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉíK=f= c~ÖÉêëí~I=bãã~ÄçÇ~=çÅÜ=d®îäÉ=î~ê=ÇÉí=ÇçÅâ=êìåí=Éå=íêÉÇàÉÇÉä=ëçã=ÇÉäîáë= áåëí®ãÇÉ=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉíK=
=
=
NS=EPNF
= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=PW=içâ~ä~=çÅÜ=êÉÖáçå~ä~=ãÉÇáÉê=Ü~ê=ÄÉî~â~í=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=é™= äçâ~LêÉÖáçå~ä=åáî™=é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK=mêçÅÉåí= hçããìå=
fåëí®ããÉê= fåëí®ããÉê= ÜÉäí= ÇÉäîáë=
fåëí®ããÉê= âå~éé~ëí=
fåëí®ããÉê= áåíÉ=~ääë=
qçí~äí
_çíâóêâ~=
O=
PR
QP
OM=
NMM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
NT=
TT
S
M=
NMM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
OM=
RS
OO
O=
NMM
d®îäÉ=
OQ=
SM
NR
N=
NMM
e®êêóÇ~=
T=
RO
PT
Q=
NMM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
R=
RU
OS
NN=
NMM
hêçâçã=
NS=
RM
PM
R=
NMM
pî~ä∏î=
ON=
RS
NO
NO=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
NQ=
RM
PN
S=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
PP=
QU
NT
O=
NMM
= _çíâóêâ~=~îîáâÉê=Ñê™å=ÇÉ=∏îêáÖ~=™íí~=âçããìåÉêå~=ÖÉåçã=~íí=Éå=ã~àçêáíÉí=~î= ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=âå~éé~ëí=ÉääÉê=áåíÉ=~ääë=íóÅâíÉ=~íí=êÉÖáçå~ä~=ãÉÇáÉê=ÄÉî~J â~ÇÉ=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK=ûîÉå=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉí=Ñ∏êëí~=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉíI=çã= äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçê=ÑáÅâ=ëíçêí=ìíêóããÉ=á=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåI=ë™=î~ê=ÇÉí=Ñ®êêÉ=ëçã=áåëí®ãÇÉ=á= _çíâóêâ~K=eìîìÇçêë~âÉå=íçêÇÉ=î~ê~=ÇÉå=ãÉÇá~ëâìÖÖ~=ìí~å=Ç~ÖäáÖ=äçâ~äíáÇJ åáåÖ=ëçã=_çíâóêâ~I=e®êêóÇ~=çÅÜ=~åÇê~=âê~åëâçããìåÉê=íáää=ëíçêëí®ÇÉêå~=ÄÉJ ÑáååÉê=ëáÖ=áK=aÉëëìíçã=êáëâÉê~ê=ÉñÉãéÉäîáë=_çíâóêâ~=~íí=Ñ∏êëîáåå~=á=ÇÉå=ãÉJ Çá~ëâìÖÖ~=ëçã=ê∏ê=ÜÉä~=píçÅâÜçäãëêÉÖáçåÉåK= f=∏îêáÖ~=âçããìåÉê=î~ê=ÇÉí=∏îÉêä~Ö=ã™åÖ~=ëçã=ÇÉäîáë=íóÅâíÉ=~íí=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~= ãÉÇáÉêå~=ÄÉî~â~í=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK=f=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=î~ê=ÇÉí=Éå=íêÉÇàÉÇÉä= ëçã=ÜÉäí=áåëí®ãÇÉ=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉí=çÅÜ=óííÉêäáÖ~êÉ=Å~=RM=éêçÅÉåí=ëçã=ÇÉäîáë=áåJ ëí®ãÇÉK=ûîÉå=á=bãã~ÄçÇ~=çÅÜ=d®îäÉ=áåëí®ãÇÉ=ã™åÖ~=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉíK= = = = = = = = = = =
=
=
NT=EPNF
= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=QW=jÉÇáÉêå~=Ü~ê=ÖÉíí=Éå=∏îÉêÉåëëí®ãã~åÇÉ=ÄáäÇ=~î=ÇÉ=Ñê™Öçê=ëçã= Çáíí=é~êíá=Çêáîáí=á=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~LêÉÖáçå~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=mêçÅÉåí= hçããìå=
fåëí®ããÉê= fåëí®ããÉê= ÜÉäí= ÇÉäîáë=
fåëí®ããÉê= âå~éé~ëí=
fåëí®ããÉê= áåíÉ=~ääë=
qçí~äí
_çíâóêâ~=
M=
QO
QM
NU=
NMM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
Q=
TV
NR
O=
NMM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
NM=
RQ
PQ
O=
NMM
d®îäÉ=
NM=
SN
OP
S=
NMM
e®êêóÇ~=
Q=
RN
PS
V=
NMM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
S=
QT
PO
NR=
NMM
hêçâçã=
R=
SR
OU
O=
NMM
pî~ä∏î=
P=
SR
OU
O=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
V=
RP
PO
S=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
T=
SM
PM
P=
NMM
= cäÉêí~äÉí=Ü~ê=ëî~ê~í=~íí=ÇÉ=ÇÉäîáë=áåëí®ããÉê=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉí=~íí=ãÉÇáÉêå~=ÖÉíí=Éå= ∏îÉêÉåëëí®ãã~åÇÉ=ÄáäÇK=bå=ã~àçêáíÉí=~î=ÇÉ=∏îêáÖ~=Ü~ê=~åÖÉíí=~íí=ÇÉ=âå~éé~ëí= áåëí®ããÉêK=c™=áåëí®ããÉê=ÜÉäí=ÉääÉê=áåíÉ=~ääëK=aÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=ÖÉê=Éå=Ö~åëJ â~=ë~ãëí®ããáÖ=ÄáäÇ=~î=ãÉÇá~ÄÉî~âåáåÖÉåK=jÉëí=éçëáíáî=íáää=ãÉÇá~ë=ÄÉî~âJ åáåÖ=î~ê=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=á=bãã~ÄçÇ~=çÅÜ=d®îäÉ=çÅÜ=ãÉëí=åÉÖ~íáî=î~ê=ÇÉ=á= _çíâóêâ~=çÅÜ=h~êäëÜ~ãåK=
=
=
NU=EPNF
= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=RW=s®äà~êå~=î~ê=áåíêÉëëÉê~ÇÉ=~î=äçâ~ä~LêÉÖáçå~ä~=Ñê™Öçê=á=î~äê∏êÉäJ ëÉåK=mêçÅÉåí= hçããìå=
fåëí®ããÉê= fåëí®ããÉê= ÜÉäí= ÇÉäîáë=
fåëí®ããÉê= âå~éé~ëí=
fåëí®ããÉê= áåíÉ=~ääë=
qçí~äí
_çíâóêâ~=
PN=
SO
R
O=
NMM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
PU=
RR
Q
O=
NMM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
QS=
PV
NR
M=
NMM
d®îäÉ=
OT=
RS
NQ
O=
NMM
e®êêóÇ~=
OR=
RP
ON
N=
NMM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
OV=
SP
S
O=
NMM
hêçâçã=
OV=
SP
S
O=
NMM
pî~ä∏î=
QQ=
QT
S
P=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
QO=
QO
NT
M=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
PP=
SS
M
O=
NMM
= bå=ëíçê=ã~àçêáíÉí=~î=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=áåëí®ãÇÉ=ÜÉäí=ÉääÉê=ÇÉäîáë=á=~íí=î®äà~êJ å~=î~ê=áåíêÉëëÉê~ÇÉ=~î=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=á=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=f=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=~åë™Ö=å®ëJ í~å=ë~ãíäáÖ~=ëçã=ëî~ê~í=é™=Éåâ®íÉå=~íí=î®äà~êå~=î~ê=áåíêÉëëÉê~ÇÉ=~î=ÇÉ=äçâ~J ä~LêÉÖáçå~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~K=aÉå=ÉåÇ~=âçããìåÉå=ëçã=~îîÉâ=å™Öçí=î~ê=e®êêóÇ~= Ç®ê=å®ëí~å=Éå=Ñà®êÇÉÇÉä=áåíÉ=íóÅâíÉ=~íí=î®äà~êå~=î~ê=áåíêÉëëÉê~ÇÉK==aÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåJ ÇÉî~äÇ~=á=e®êêóÇ~=Ü~ÇÉ=çÅâë™=Éå=ä™Ö=áåëí®ãã~åÇÉÖê~Ç=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉí=çã=ÇÉ= äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=ÑáÅâ=ëíçêí=ìíêóããÉ=á=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=aÉåå~=ÄÉÇ∏ãåáåÖ=~î=ÇÉí= ä™Ö~=áåíêÉëëÉí=Ñ∏ê=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçê=Ü~ê=ÇçÅâ=áåíÉ=~îëéÉÖä~í=ëáÖ=á=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉíK= _ä~åÇ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉê=Ü~ÇÉ=e®êêóÇ~=ÇÉí=Ü∏Öëí~=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=á= âçããìåî~äÉí=çÅÜ=ÇÉí=Ü∏Öëí~=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=Ää~åÇ=Ñ∏êëí~Ö™åÖëî®äà~êÉK=
=
=
NV=EPNF
= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=SW=k~íáçåÉää~=çéáåáçåëìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖ~ê=Ü~ê=é™îÉêâ~í=ÇÉå=äçâ~J ä~LêÉÖáçå~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=mêçÅÉåí= hçããìå=
fåëí®ããÉê= fåëí®ããÉê= ÜÉäí= ÇÉäîáë=
fåëí®ããÉê= âå~éé~ëí=
fåëí®ããÉê= áåíÉ=~ääë=
qçí~äí
_çíâóêâ~=
OU=
RT
NP
O=
NMM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
NR=
PR
S=
NMM
O=
QO
PO
OQ=
NMM
d®îäÉ=
PO=
RM
NR
O=
NMM
e®êêóÇ~=
QP=
QP
NM
Q=
NMM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
PN=
RN
NU
M=
NMM
hêçâçã=
NT=
QS
PO
R=
NMM
pî~ä∏î=
PM=
QO
OQ
P=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
NT=
QP
PN
V=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
PR=
QT
NS
O=
NMM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
= c~ÖÉêëí~=~îîÉâ=âê~ÑíáÖí=Ñê™å=ÇÉ=∏îêáÖ~=âçããìåÉêå~=á=ÇÉíí~=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉK=bå= ã~àçêáíÉí=á=c~ÖÉêëí~=~åë™Ö=áåíÉ=~íí=ÇÉ=å~íáçåÉää~=çéáåáçåëìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖ~êå~= é™îÉêâ~í=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=aÉíí~=îáë~ÇÉ=ëáÖ=çÅâë™=á=î~äìíÖ™åÖÉå=Ç®ê= s®åëíÉêé~êíáÉí=ÑáÅâ=ÉÖÉå=ã~àçêáíÉí=á=Ñìääã®âíáÖÉK=_ä~åÇ=∏îêáÖ~=âçããìåÉê=á= ìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖÉå=~åë™Ö=å®ëí~å=~ää~=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=~íí=å~íáçåÉää~=çéáåáçåëìåJ ÇÉêë∏âåáåÖ~ê=é™=å™Öçí=ë®íí=é™îÉêâ~í=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåI=ãÉå=á=îáäâÉå=ã™å= î~êáÉê~ÇÉ=á=Ö~åëâ~=Ü∏Ö=Öê~ÇK=f=_çíâóêâ~I=d®îäÉI=e®êêóÇ~I=h~êäëÜ~ãå=çÅÜ=p∏J ÇÉêí®äàÉ=î~ê=ÇÉí=ãÉê=®å=UM=éêçÅÉåí=ëçã=~åë™Ö=~íí=ÇÉíí~=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=ÜÉäí=ÉääÉê= ÇÉäîáë=ëí®ãÇÉK=
=
=
OM=EPNF
= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=TW=s~äìíÑ~ääÉí=á=Çáå=âçããìå=é™îÉêâ~ÇÉë=á=Ü∏Ö=Öê~Ç=~î=äçâ~ä=ÇÉÄ~íí= çÅÜ=Ñ∏êÜ™ää~åÇÉåK=mêçÅÉåí= hçããìå=
fåëí®ããÉê= fåëí®ããÉê= ÜÉäí= ÇÉäîáë=
fåëí®ããÉê= âå~éé~ëí=
fåëí®ããÉê= áåíÉ=~ääë=
qçí~äí
_çíâóêâ~=
NU=
RQ
OP
R=
NMM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
QR=
PS
NR
Q=
NMM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
RV=
OT
NO
O=
NMM
d®îäÉ=
PO=
RM
NR
O=
NMM
P=
PU
QN
NU=
NMM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
NQ=
QT
OV
NM=
NMM
hêçâçã=
OV=
RN
OM
M=
NMM
pî~ä∏î=
OV=
QN
OS
P=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
QT=
PV
NN
P=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
NM=
RT
OS
T=
NMM
e®êêóÇ~=
= dê~ÇÉå=~î=áåëí®ãã~åÇÉ=Ää~åÇ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=î~êáÉê~ÇÉ=Éå=ÜÉä=ÇÉä=Ñ∏ê=é™J ëí™ÉåÇÉí=çã=~íí=î~äìíÑ~ääÉí=á=Ü∏Ö=Öê~Ç=é™îÉêâ~ÇÉë=~î=äçâ~ä=ÇÉÄ~íí=çÅÜ=Ñ∏êÜ™äJ ä~åÇÉåK=aÉí=î~ê=Ö~åëâ~=Ñ™=ëçã=~åë™Ö=~íí=î~äìíÑ~ääÉí=áåíÉ=~ääë=é™îÉêâ~ÇÉë=~î= äçâ~ä=ÇÉÄ~íí=çÅÜ=Ñ∏êÜ™ää~åÇÉåI=ãÉå=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉ=íêÉ=~åÇê~=Öê~ÇÉêå~=~î=áåëí®ãã~åJ ÇÉ=î~êáÉê~ÇÉ=ìíÑ~ääÉí=Éå=ÇÉäK=f=bãã~ÄçÇ~I=c~ÖÉêëí~=çÅÜ=p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=î~ê=ÇÉí= êìåí=Ü®äÑíÉå=ëçã=ÜÉäí=áåëí®ãÇÉ=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉíK=ûîÉå=á=d®îäÉ=çÅÜ=hêçâçã=î~ê= ÇÉí=ã™åÖ~=ëçã=ÜÉäí=ÉääÉê=ÇÉäîáë=áåëí®ãÇÉK=aÉå=âçããìå=ëçã=~îîÉâ=ãÉëí=Ñê™å= ∏îêáÖ~=î~ê=e®êêóÇ~=Ç®ê=ÜÉä~=RV=éêçÅÉåí=âå~éé~ëí=ÉääÉê=áåíÉ=~ääë=~åë™Ö=~íí=î~äJ ìíÑ~ääÉí=é™îÉêâ~íë=~î=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=ÇÉÄ~ííÉåK=bå=ã∏àäáÖ=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ=íáää=êÉëìäí~íÉí= ®ê=~íí=ÇÉí=ë~âå~ë=äçâ~ä~=ãÉÇáÉê=á=e®êêóÇ~K=ûîÉå=h~êäëÜ~ãå=Ü~ÇÉ=Éå=êÉä~íáîí= ä™Ö=áåëí®ãã~åÇÉÖê~Ç=á=ÇÉíí~=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉK= = = = = = = = = = = =
=
=
ON=EPNF
= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉ=UW=mÉêëçåî~ä=®ê=Äê~=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉãçâê~íáåK=mêçÅÉåí= hçããìå=
fåëí®ããÉê= fåëí®ããÉê= ÜÉäí= ÇÉäîáë=
fåëí®ããÉê= âå~éé~ëí=
fåëí®ããÉê= áåíÉ=~ääë=
qçí~äí
_çíâóêâ~=
OT=
QO
NU
NP=
NMM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
OQ=
QN
OO
NP=
NMM
c~ÖÉêëí~=
NR=
RS
NV
NM=
NMM
d®îäÉ=
PR=
OQ
OS
NR=
NMM
S=
RM
PN
NP=
NMM
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
NQ=
RN
U
OT=
NMM
hêçâçã=
PO=
PQ
OQ
NM=
NMM
pî~ä∏î=
OQ=
PU
PO
S=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
OM=
QP
OS
NN=
NMM
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
OS=
PU
OR
NN=
NMM
e®êêóÇ~=
= ^î=ÇÉ=™íí~=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉå~=Ü~ê=ÇÉåå~=ÇÉå=Ü∏Öëí~=ëéêáÇåáåÖÉå=á=Öê~Ç=~î=áåëí®ãJ ã~åÇÉK=bå=îáëë=∏îÉêîáâí=Ñ∏ê=áåëí®ããÉê=ÇÉäîáëI=ãÉå=ÇÉí=®ê=çÅâë™=ã™åÖ~=Ñ∏êJ íêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=ëçã=ÜÉäí=áåëí®ããÉê=ÉääÉê=âå~éé~ëí=áåëí®ããÉê=çÅÜ=ÇÉí=Ñáååë= çÅâë™=ÇÉ=ëçã=áåíÉ=~ääë=áåëí®ãÇÉ=~íí=éÉêëçåî~ä=®ê=Äê~=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉãçâê~íáåK=c~ÖÉêëí~= EëÉ=Ñçíåçí=UF=çÅÜ=_çíâóêâ~=Ü~ÇÉ=ëí∏êëí=~åÇÉä=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=ëçã=ÜÉäí=ÉääÉê= ÇÉäîáë=áåëí®ãÇÉ=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉíK=h~êäëÜ~ãå=Ü~ÇÉ=Éå=ëíçê=ëéêáÇåáåÖ=Ç®ê=ãÉê=®å= Ü®äÑíÉå=ÇÉäîáë=áåëí®ãÇÉI=ãÉÇ~å=ÜÉä~=OT=éêçÅÉåí=áåíÉ=áåëí®ãÇÉ=~ääëK=aÉ=Ñ∏êíêçJ ÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=á=e®êêóÇ~=áåëí®ãÇÉ=á=ãáåëí=ìíëíê®ÅâåáåÖK
=
=
OO=EPNF
= cê™Ö~=NW=sáäâ~=ë~âçãê™ÇÉå=å™ÇÇÉ=ìí=íáää=î®äà~êå~=á=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=á=Çáå=âçãJ ãìåLä~åÇëíáåÖK=mêçÅÉåí= sÉêâë~ãÜÉí=
_çíJ bãã~J c~ÖÉêJ d®îJ e®êJ h~êäëJ hêçJ pî~J p∏ÇÉêJ p∏ÇÉêJ âóêâ~= ÄçÇ~= ëí~= äÉ= êóÇ~ Ü~ãå= âçã= ä∏î= Ü~ãå= í®äàÉ=
pâçä~=
NV=
OM
NU
OP
NV
NP
NU=
OM=
NT
OP
_~êåçãëçêÖ=
NO=
NO
NN
NR
NU
NT
U=
NP=
U
NM
cêáíáÇ=
O=
YP
N
N
P
M
Q=
O=
O
M
hìäíìê=
O=
YP
M
P
N
M
M=
O=
O
M
qê~Ñáâ=çÅÜ= Ö~íçê=
O=
YP
M
N
Q
M
O=
O=
N
R
ûäÇêÉçãëçêÖ=
NS=
OM
NS
NV
NP
OR
NU=
OM=
U
NQ
pçÅá~äéçäáíáâ=
Q=
T
V
O
O
P
T=
R=
P
Q
i~Ö=çÅÜ=çêÇJ åáåÖ=
N=
YP
R
N
NN
M
M=
O=
P
M
pâ~ííÉêå~=
R=
S
T
R
NM
V
R=
Q=
P
R
jáäà∏=
N=
YP
N
N
O
N
O=
O=
M
O
fåíÉÖê~íáçå=
S=
YP
M
S
N
U
O=
P=
P
V
hçääÉâíáîJ íê~Ñáâ=
P=
YP
S
M
Q
M
Q=
V=
N
P
e®äëçJ=çÅÜ= ëàìâî™êÇ=
NN=
NQ
NQ
NQ
T
NM
NM=
Q=
OQ
S
k®êáåÖëäáî=ç= ~êÄÉíëã~êâåK
R=
YP
P
P
M
P
R=
O=
V
V
bâçåçãá=
V=
YP
NM
S
Q
V
NO=
S=
NQ
V
^åå~í=
P=
YP
M
O
M
R
R=
P=
P
N
qçí~äí=
NMM=
NMM
NMM
NMM
NMM
NMM
NMM= NMM=
NMM
NMM
= s~êàÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ=ÑáÅâ=î®äà~=ìí=íêÉ=ë~âçãê™ÇÉå=ëçã=Ü~åLÜçå=íóÅâíÉ=å™íí=ìí= íáää=î®äà~êå~K=aÉí=î~ê=Ñê~ãÑ∏ê~ääí=ëâçä~=çÅÜ=®äÇêÉçãëçêÖ=ëçã=ã™åÖ~=Ñ∏êíêçÉåJ ÇÉî~äÇ~=éÉâ~ÇÉ=ìíI=ãÉå=®îÉå=Ä~êåçãëçêÖ=çÅÜ=Ü®äëçJ=çÅÜ=ëàìâî™êÇK=p~âçãê™J ÇÉå=ëçã=áåíÉ=å™ÇÇÉ=ìí=î~ê=ãáäà∏I=âìäíìê=ë~ãí=íê~Ñáâ=çÅÜ=Ö~íçêK= f=h~êäëÜ~ãå=íóÅâíÉ=ã™åÖ~=~íí=®äÇêÉçãëçêÖëÑê™Öçêå~=å™íí=î®ä=ìí=íáää=î®äà~êå~= ë~ãí=êÉä~íáîí=ëÉíí=®îÉå=ëâ~ííÉJ=çÅÜ=áåíÉÖê~íáçåëÑê™Öçêå~K=bâçåçãáÑê™Öçê=ÇÉÄ~íJ íÉê~ÇÉë=á=hêçâçãI=ãÉÇ~å=Ä~êåçãëçêÖëÑê™Öçêå~=áåíÉ=å™ÇÇÉ=ìíK=f=pî~ä∏î=î~ê= ÇÉí=Ñ™=ëçã=éê~í~ÇÉ=çã=Ü®äëçJ=çÅÜ=ëàìâî™êÇëÑê™ÖçêI=Ç®êÉãçí=î~ê=âçääÉâíáîíê~J ÑáâÉå=Éíí=ë~âçãê™ÇÉ=ëçã=å™ÇÇÉ=ìíK=p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=~îîÉâ=Éå=ÇÉä=Ñê™å=~åÇê~= âçããìåÉêK=e®äëçJ=çÅÜ=ëàìâî™êÇI=Éâçåçãá=ë~ãí=å®êáåÖëäáî=çÅÜ=~êÄÉíëã~êâJ å~Ç=ÑáÅâ=Ü∏Ö~=ëáÑÑêçêK=f=e®êêóÇ~=î~ê=ëâ~ííÉêå~=ë~ãí=ä~Ö=çÅÜ=çêÇåáåÖ=îáâíáÖ~= Ñê™Öçê=ëçã=å™ÇÇÉ=ìíK==
=
=
OP=EPNF
= cê™Ö~=OW=sáäâ~=ë~âçãê™ÇÉå=íóÅâÉê=Çì=ÄçêÇÉ=å™íí=ìí=ãÉê=íáää=î®äà~êå~=á=Çáå= âçããìåLä~åÇëíáåÖK=mêçÅÉåí= sÉêâë~ãÜÉí=
_çíJ bãã~J c~ÖÉêJ d®îJ e®êJ h~êäëJ hêçJ pî~J p∏ÇÉêJ p∏ÇÉêJ âóêâ~= ÄçÇ~= ëí~= äÉ= êóÇ~ Ü~ãå= âçã= ä∏î= Ü~ãå= í®äàÉ=
pâçä~=
U=
YP
R
Q
NM
NN
T=
O=
NN
N
_~êåçãëçêÖ=
S=
YP
P
R
R
U
Q=
M=
T
N
cêáíáÇ=
S=
T
NN
R
S
Q
Q=
S=
O
P
hìäíìê=
U=
NP
NN
Q
Q
Q
R=
NM=
S
NN
qê~Ñáâ=çÅÜ= Ö~íçê=
Q=
R
M
Q
P
O
P=
R=
N
P
ûäÇêÉçãëçêÖ=
V=
R
N
NM
T
NM
U=
O=
S
R
pçÅá~äéçäáíáâ=
U=
YP
O
S
V
T
T=
O=
NN
NO
i~Ö=çÅÜ=çêÇJ åáåÖ=
T=
YP
NU
R
T
Q
O=
NS=
Q
NM
pâ~ííÉêå~=
R=
YP
P
R
S
R
O=
N=
S
O
jáäà∏=
NO=
NP
U
NN
S
T
V=
V=
S
NQ
fåíÉÖê~íáçå=
NM=
U
T
U
Q
R
Q=
NP=
Q
NM
hçääÉâíáîJ íê~Ñáâ=
S=
U
T
R
T
P
U=
S=
O
V
e®äëçJ=çÅÜ= ëàìâî™êÇ=
U=
YP
P
S
V
NM
NM=
R=
U
N
NQ=
NP
NT
NO
T
NM
NP=
NS=
NQ
NO
bâçåçãá=
S=
YP
O
V
V
T
T=
P=
V
R
^åå~í=
P=
YP
M
O
M
O
R=
O=
N
N
qçí~äí=
NMM=
NMM
NMM
NMM
NMM
NMM
NMM= NMM=
NMM
NMM
k®êáåÖëäáî=ç= ~êÄÉíëã~êâåK
= c∏ê=ÇÉåå~=Ñê™Ö~=ë™=î~ê=Ñ∏êÇÉäåáåÖÉå=ãÉää~å=ÇÉ=çäáâ~=ë~âçãê™ÇÉå~=ãÉê=à®ãåí= Ñ∏êÇÉä~ÇK=aÉí=®ê=ë~ååçäáâí=~íí=ÇÉ=ëçã=ëî~ê~ê=áåíÉ=ëÉê=ÜÉäí=çÄàÉâíáîí=é™=ÇÉåå~= Ñê™Ö~=ìí~å=äóÑíÉê=Ñê~ã=ÇÉí=ë~âçãê™ÇÉ=ëçã=ã~å=ëà®äî=~êÄÉí~ê=ãÉÇ=ÉääÉê=®ê=áåJ íêÉëëÉê~Ç=~î=çÅÜ=Ñ∏êÇÉäåáåÖÉå=Ääáê=Ç®êãÉÇ=à®ãå~êÉK=pâçä~I=Ä~êåçãëçêÖI=®äÇJ êÉçãëçêÖ=çÅÜ=Ü®äëçJ=çÅÜ=ëàìâî™êÇ=íóÅâÉê=ÇÉ=ÑäÉëí~=~íí=ã~å=å™íí=ìí=íáääê®ÅâäáÖí= Äê~=ãÉÇK=j™åÖ~=äóÑíÉê=Ç®êÉãçí=Ñê~ã=å®êáåÖëäáî=çÅÜ=~êÄÉíëã~êâå~Ç=ë~ãí=ãáäJ à∏=ëçã=ë~âçãê™ÇÉå=ëçã=Ñ™íí=Ñ∏ê=äáíÉ=ìééã®êâë~ãÜÉí=á=î~äê∏êÉäëÉÇÉÄ~ííÉåK= f=_çíâóêâ~=î~ê=ÇÉí=ã™åÖ~=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=ëçã=Ö®êå~=Ü~ÇÉ=äóÑí=Ñê~ã=ãáäà∏J= çÅÜ=áåíÉÖê~íáçåëÑê™Öçêå~=á=ÇÉÄ~ííÉåK=f=bãã~ÄçÇ~=î~ê=ÇÉí=êÉä~íáîí=ëÉíí=ã™åÖ~= ëçã=íóÅâíÉ=~íí=âìäíìêÉå=Ü~ÇÉ=Ñ™íí=Ñ∏ê=äáíÉå=éä~íë=á=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=c∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~= á=c~ÖÉêëí~=~îîÉâ=å™Öçí=Ñê™å=∏îêáÖ~=âçããìåÉê=çÅÜ=äóÑíÉ=Ñê~ã=ä~Ö=çÅÜ=çêÇåáåÖI= å®êáåÖëäáî=çÅÜ=~êÄÉíëã~êâå~Ç=ë~ãí=ÑêáíáÇ=çÅÜ=âìäíìêK=f=h~êäëÜ~ãå=îáääÉ=ÇÉ=
=
=
OQ=EPNF
= Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=å™=ìí=®ååì=ãÉê=ãÉÇ=Ñê™Öçê=âêáåÖ=ëâçä~åI=®äÇêÉçãëçêÖ=ë~ãí= Ü®äëçJ=çÅÜ=ëàìâî™êÇK=f=pî~ä∏î=çÅÜ=p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=~åë™Ö=ã™åÖ~=~íí=ã~å=å™íí=ìí=ãÉÇ= ë~âçãê™ÇÉå~=ëâçä~I=Ä~êåçãëçêÖ=çÅÜ=Ü®äëçJ=çÅÜ=ëàìâî™êÇ=ãÉê=®å=î®äK=fëí®ääÉí= îáääÉ=ã~å=ëÉ=ãÉê=~î=ä~Ö=çÅÜ=çêÇåáåÖI=áåíÉÖê~íáçå=ë~ãí=å®êáåÖëäáî=çÅÜ=~êÄÉíëJ ã~êâå~ÇK=p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=Ü~ÇÉ=ã~å=Ö®êå~=ëÉíí=Ñê™Öçê=çã=ëçÅá~äéçäáíáâI=Éâçåçãá= ë~ãí=å®êáåÖëäáî=çÅÜ=~êÄÉíëã~êâå~Ç=í~=ëí∏êêÉ=éä~íë=á=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK==
p~ãã~åÑ~íí~åÇÉ=âçããÉåí~êÉê=çã=Éåâ®íìåÇÉêë∏âåáåÖÉå= aÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=á=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~=Ü~ê=Éå=í®ãäáÖÉå=ë~ãëí®ãJ ãáÖ=ÄáäÇ=~î=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=OMMOK=s®äà~êå~=Ü~ê=á=Ü∏Ö=Öê~Ç=î~êáí=áåíêÉëëÉê~ÇÉ=~î= äçâ~ä~=Ñê™ÖçêI=ã™åÖ~=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=ÄÉÇ∏ãÉê=~íí=ÇÉ=å~íáçåÉää~=çéáåáçåëìåJ ÇÉêë∏âåáåÖ~êå~=á=Ü∏Ö=ìíëíê®ÅâåáåÖ=é™îÉêâ~ÇÉ=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåI=ãÉå=~íí= î~äìíÑ~ääÉí=íáää=ëíçê=ÇÉä=®îÉå=é™îÉêâ~ÇÉë=~î=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™ÖçêK=aÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~= áåëí®ããÉê=ÇÉäîáë=á=~íí=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=ÑáÅâ=ëíçêí=ìíêóããÉ=á=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äJ ê∏êÉäëÉåI=~íí=äçâ~ä~=ãÉÇáÉê=ÄÉî~â~í=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=é™=äçâ~äLêÉÖáçå~ä=åáî™=é™=Éíí= Äê~=ë®íí=çÅÜ=~íí=ãÉÇáÉêå~=ÖÉíí=Éå=∏îÉêÉåëëí®ãã~åÇÉ=ÄáäÇ=~î=ÇÉ=Ñê™Öçê=ëçã= ÇÉí=ÉÖå~=é~êíáÉí=Çêáîáí=Éå=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK=a®êÉãçí=~åëÉê=ã~å=áåíÉ=~íí= ÇÉ=êáâëí®Åâ~åÇÉ=ãÉÇáÉêå~=ÄÉî~â~í=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=é™=äçâ~ä=åáî™=é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK= m™ëí™ÉåÇÉí=çã=~íí=éÉêëçåî~ä=®ê=Äê~=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉãçâê~íáå=Ö~î=ëíçê=ëéêáÇåáåÖ=~î=ëî~J êÉåK=aÉí=®ê=ÇçÅâ=ÑäÉê=ëçã=áåëí®ããÉê=á=é™ëí™ÉåÇÉí=®å=íî®êíçãK= ûîÉå=çã=ÇÉ=∏îÉêÖêáé~åÇÉ=ã∏åëíêÉå=î~ê=íóÇäáÖ~I=ë™=Ñ~ååë=ÇÉí=îáëë~=ëâáääå~ÇÉê= ãÉää~å=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~ë=ëî~ê=á=çäáâ~=âçããìåÉêK=f=_çíâóêâ~I=e®êêóÇ~=çÅÜ=á= îáëë=ã™å=h~êäëÜ~ãå=ëéÉä~ÇÉ=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=çÅÜ=ÇÉÄ~ííÉå=ãáåÇêÉ=êçää=Ñ∏ê= î~äìíÖ™åÖÉåK=f=e®êêóÇ~=î~ê=®îÉå=áåíêÉëëÉí=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~I=ÉåäáÖí=ÇÉ= Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~I=êÉä~íáîí=ä™ÖíK=bå=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ=á=_çíâóêâ~=çÅÜ=e®êêóÇ~=®ê=~íí=ÇÉ= äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=á=Ñ∏êçêíëâçããìåÉê=íáää=ëí∏êêÉ=ëí®ÇÉê=êáëâÉê~ê=Çêìåâå~=á=ÇÉ= Ñê™Öçê=ëçã=ê∏ê=ÜÉä~=ëíçêëí~ÇëêÉÖáçåÉåK=s~êâÉå=e®êêóÇ~=ÉääÉê=_çíâóêâ~=Ü~ê= ÉñÉãéÉäîáë=å™Öçå=ÉÖÉå=äçâ~äíáÇåáåÖ=Ñ∏ê=âçããìåÉåK==f=h~êäëÜ~ãå=Ñáååë=ÇçÅâ= íî™=äçâ~ä~=íáÇåáåÖ~ê=é™=ä®åëåáî™I=ãÉå=ã™åÖ~=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=Ü~ÇÉ=Éå=åÉÖ~J íáî=ÄáäÇ=~î=Üìê=äçâ~ä~=ãÉÇá~=ÄÉî~â~í=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=çÅÜ=ã™åÖ~=~åë™Ö=~íí=ãÉÇáJ Éêå~=áåíÉ=ÖÉíí=Éå=∏îÉêÉåëëí®ãã~åÇÉ=ÄáäÇ=~î=ÇÉ=Ñê™Öçê=ëçã=ÇÉí=ÉÖå~=é~êíáÉí= Çêáîáí=á=ÇÉå=äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉåK= bå=ÜÉäí=~åå~å=ÄáäÇ=™íÉêëéÉÖä~ë=~î=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=á=bãã~ÄçÇ~I=c~ÖÉêëí~= çÅÜ=á=îáëë=ã™å=®îÉå=p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãåK=e®ê=~åëÉê=ã~å=~íí=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=çÅÜ= ÇÉÄ~ííÉå=ëéÉä~ÇÉ=ëíçê=êçää=Ñ∏ê=î~äìíÖ™åÖÉåK=f=bãã~ÄçÇ~=çÅÜ=c~ÖÉêëí~=~åëÉê= ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=çÅâë™=~íí=ë™î®ä=äçâ~äJ=ëçã=êáâëãÉÇá~=ÄÉî~â~í=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå= é™=Éíí=Äê~=ë®ííK=k™Öçí=ëçã=Ñ∏êÉå~ê=bãã~ÄçÇ~=çÅÜ=c~ÖÉêëí~=®ê=~íí=Éå=éçäáíáâÉê=á= Ä™Ç~=âçããìåÉêå~=î~êáí=ãóÅâÉí=éçéìä®ê=çÅÜ=Ñ™íí=ã™åÖ~=éÉêëçåê∏ëíÉêK=bå= ~åå~å=äáâÜÉí=®ê=~íí=Éíí=é~êíá=á=âçããìåÉå=Öàçêí=Éíí=ãóÅâÉí=ëí~êâ~êÉ=âçããìåî~ä= ®å=êáâëÇ~Öëî~äK=pçÅá~äÇÉãçâê~íÉêå~=á=bãã~ÄçÇ~I=î®åëíÉêé~êíáÉí=á=c~ÖÉêëí~= çÅÜ=ÅÉåíÉêé~êíáÉí=á=p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãåK= aÉ=ë~âçãê™ÇÉå=ëçã=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=Ä®ëí=íóÅâíÉ=å™ÇÇÉ=ìí=íáää=î®äà~êå~=î~ê= ëâçä~I=®äÇêÉçãëçêÖI=Ü®äëçJ=çÅÜ=ëàìâî™êÇ=çÅÜ=Ä~êåçãëçêÖ=ë~ãí=á=îáëë=ã™å= ®îÉå=ëâ~ííÉê=çÅÜ=ÉâçåçãáK=bíí=ë~âçãê™ÇÉ=ëçã=ã™åÖ~=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=~åë™Ö= ÄçêÇÉ=å™íí=ìí=é™=Éíí=Ä®ííêÉ=ë®íí=î~ê=å®êáåÖëäáî=çÅÜ=~êÄÉíëã~êâå~ÇK=aÉí=®ê=Ñ∏êJ
=
=
OR=EPNF
= ëí™ÉäáÖí=ÉÑíÉêëçã=ÇÉí=çÑí~=ê∏ê=ëáÖ=çã=âçãéäáÅÉê~ÇÉ=Ñê™ÖçêI=ãÉå=Ç®ê=ìíîÉÅâJ äáåÖÉå=Ü~ê=ëíçê=ÄÉíóÇÉäëÉ=®îÉå=Ñ∏ê=~åÇê~=îÉêâë~ãÜÉíÉê=áåçã=âçããìåÉåK= eìê=ëíçêí=áåíêÉëëÉí=î~êáí=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=Ää~åÇ=î®äà~êå~=íóÅâë=áåíÉ=Ü~= å™Öçí=ëí∏êêÉ=ë~ãÄ~åÇ=ãÉÇ=Üìê=ëíçê=~åÇÉä=ëçã=ê∏ëí~íK=f=e®êêóÇ~=~åë™Ö=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êJ íêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=~íí=áåíêÉëëÉí=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉ=äçâ~ä~=Ñê™Öçêå~=î~ê=Ñ∏êÜ™ää~åÇÉîáë=ä™ÖíI=ãÉå= ®åÇ™=Ü~ÇÉ=e®êêóÇ~=ÇÉí=Ü∏Öëí~=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=Ää~åÇ=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìJ åÉêå~K=p~ååçäáâí=ëéÉä~ê=Ñ~âíçêÉê=ëçã=ëçÅáçÉâçåçãáëâ=íáääÜ∏êáÖÜÉí=çÅÜ=íê~ÇáJ íáçåÉê=áÄä~åÇ=ëí∏êêÉ=êçää=Ñ∏ê=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí=®å=ÇÉí=äçâ~ä~=áåíêÉëëÉí=çÅÜ=Üìê=ÇÉå= äçâ~ä~=î~äê∏êÉäëÉå=ëéÉÖä~íë=á=ãÉÇá~K== aÉí=Ñáååë=Éå=ÜÉä=ÇÉä=äáâÜÉíÉê=ãÉää~å=ÇÉ=ÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêå~I=ãÉå=çÅâë™= ã™åÖ~=ëâáääå~ÇÉêK=sá=Ü~ê=Ñ∏êë∏âí=ÄÉäóë~=çÅÜ=Ñ∏êâä~ê~=ÇÉëë~K=^ää~=ëâáääå~ÇÉê=Ö™ê= ÇçÅâ=áåíÉ=~íí=Ñ∏êâä~ê~=ãÉÇ=ÇÉå=áåÑçêã~íáçå=éêçàÉâíÖêìééÉå=Ü~êK=lÑí~=Ñáååë= îáâíáÖ~=Ñ∏êâä~êáåÖ~ê=íáää=êÉëìäí~íÉå=é™=äçâ~ä=åáî™K=p~ã~êÄÉíÉ=çÅÜ=âçåí~âí=ãÉäJ ä~å=âçããìåÉê=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖ=∏ééå~ê=Ç®êÑ∏ê=ã∏àäáÖÜÉíÉå=íáää=ä®êçêáâ=Çá~äçÖ= âêáåÖ=ÇÉ=êÉëìäí~í=ëçã=âçããáí=Ñê~ãK=s~Ç=â~å=îá=ä®ê~=~î=~åÇê~\=s~Ç=Ü~ê=~åÇê~= Öàçêí=Ñ∏ê=~íí=∏â~=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉí\=eìê=å™ê=îá=ÖêìééÉê=ãÉÇ=ä™Öí=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ= ëçã=ÉñÉãéÉäîáë=ìåÖÇçã~ê=çÅÜ=ìíêáâÉë=Ñ∏ÇÇ~\=h~å=îá=é™=å™Öçí=ë®íí=Üà®äé~= î~ê~åÇê~\= = = = c∏ê=ÇÉå=íê∏íí~=ë~ãÜ®ääëâêçééÉå= îçêÉ=â~åëâÉ=Ä®ëí~=ÄçíÉå= áÑ~ää=í~åâ~êå~=á=íçééÉå= âçã=Ñê™å=êçíÉå= q~ÖÉ=a~åáÉäëëçå=
=
=
OS=EPNF
=
kó~=ë®íí=~î=î®Åâ~=áåíêÉëëÉ=á=î~äÉí= aÉå=ëáëí~=Ñê™Ö~å=á=Éåâ®íÉå=î~ê=Éå==∏ééÉå=Ñê™Ö~=Ç®ê=ÇÉ=Ñ∏êíêçÉåÇÉî~äÇ~=ÑáÅâ= ~åÖÉ=çã=Ü~åëLÜÉååÉë=é~êíá=~åî®åí=å™Öê~=åó~=ë®íí=Ñ∏ê=~íí=î®Åâ~=áåíêÉëëÉ=á=î~äJ ê∏êÉäëÉåK=p™î®ä=ëî~êëÑêÉâîÉåëÉå=Ñ∏ê=ÇÉåå~=Ñê™Ö~=ëçã=~åÇÉäÉå=ëçã=~åë™Ö=~íí= é~êíáÉí=~åî®åí=åó~=ãÉíçÇÉê=î~êáÉê~ÇÉ=âê~ÑíáÖí=á=ÇÉ=çäáâ~=âçããìåÉêå~K=kÉÇ~å= Ñ∏äàÉê=Éíí=ìêî~ä=~î=ÇÉ=ëî~ê=ëçã=Ö~îëW= _çíâóêâ~= fåîçäîÉê~ÇÉ=ÑäÉê=äçâ~ä~=Ñ∏êÉåáåÖ~êI=áåÑçêã~íáçå=∏îÉêë~ííÉë=íáää=~åÇê~=ëéê™âI= äçâ~äÑ∏êÉåáåÖ=ÖàçêÇÉ=ÉÖÉå=ÄêçëÅÜóêI=ë~ã~êÄÉíÉ=ãÉÇ=~åÇê~=äçâ~ä~=é~êíáÉêI=ÇÉJ Ä~íí=é™=ÜÉãëáÇ~K= bãã~ÄçÇ~= hî~êíÉêëã∏íÉå=ëçã=Öêáääâî®ääI=äìëíÜìë=ëçã=î~äëíìÖ~I=Éå=ÉÖÉå=î~äÄêçëÅÜóêK= c~ÖÉêëí~= `~Ѩ=ãáíí=á=ÅÉåíêìãI=ë™åÖ=çÅÜ=ãìëáâI=åóÅâÉäéÉêëçåÉê=á=Ñ~ÅâÉí=~åäáí~ÇÉëI=â∏âëJ ÄçêÇëë~ãí~äI=Üìëî~Öå=ëçã=î~äÄóê™=á=ÅÉåíêìãI=ìíÄáäÇåáåÖ=~î=åó~=ãÉÇäÉãã~êK= d®îäÉ= cäÉê=çÑÑÉåíäáÖ~=ÇÉÄ~ííÉêI=ãÉê=î~ä~êÄÉíÉ=á=çãê™ÇÉå=ãÉÇ=ã™åÖ~=áåî~åÇê~ÇÉI= Çê~ã~=é™=píçêíçêÖÉíI=~ãÄìäÉê~åÇÉ=íàÉàäáÖ~=ëçã=ä®ëíÉ=ÇáâíÉêI=ëà∏åÖ=çÅÜ=Ü~ÇÉ= äçééã~êâå~ÇK= e®êêóÇ~= jÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉåâ®íI=î~äëíìÖ~=ãÉÇ=äçííÉêá=Ç®ê=äçííÉêå~=®îÉå=áååÉÜ∏ää=î~äã~íÉêá~äI= ê~ÇáçêÉâä~ãI=ÜÉãëáÇ~I=ÄìëëêÉâä~ãK=dê~íáë=ÄìëëíìêÉê=íáää=d∏íÉÄçêÖ=Ñê™å=ÇÉ=çäáJ â~=âçããìåÇÉä~êå~K= hêçâçã= ióÅâçâ~âçê=ãÉÇ=ÄìÇëâ~éI=ÜÉãëáÇ~I=Å~Ѩ=ãÉÇ=Çáëâìëëáçåëâî®ää~êI=ëÉãáå~êáÉê= áåçã=çäáâ~=çãê™ÇÉåK= pî~ä∏î= m~êíáÉí=Äà∏Ç=é™=ë™åÖ=çÅÜ=ã~íI=âìäíìêáåëä~Ö=ãÉÇ=ãìëáâI=å®êê~ÇáçéêçÖê~ãI= ÜÉãëáÇ~=ãÉÇ=ÇÉÄ~ííI=â~åÇáÇ~íéêÉëÉåí~íáçå=ãÉÇ=â~êáâ~íóêÉêK= p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå= jçÄáä=î~äëíìÖ~I=ÑçâìëÉê~ÇÉ=é™=ã~âíÑê™Öçê=ãÉê=®å=ë~âÑê™ÖçêK=
=
=
OT=EPNF
=
Bilaga 1 - Deltagande kommuner och landsting f=í~ÄÉääÉå=åÉÇ~å=®ê=éêçàÉâíÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêI=ëí~ÇëÇÉäëå®ãåÇ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëJ íáåÖ=ìíã®êâí~K=aÉí=®ê=ÇçÅâ=áåíÉ=~ää~=ëçã=ëíìÇÉê~í=î~äÉí=OMMOK=aÉ=ëçã=áåíÉ=Öàçêí= ÇÉí=Ü~ê=î~äí=~íí=~åëäìí~=ëáÖ=íáää=ÇÉí=~åÇê~=íÉã~í=çã=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êå~ë=áåÑäóí~åÇÉK=f= Äáä~Ö~=R=Ñáååë=Éå=âçåí~âíÑ∏êíÉÅâåáåÖ=∏îÉê=ë~ãíäáÖ~=éêçàÉâíÇÉäí~Ö~êÉK= q~ÄÉää=N=Ó=aÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=âçããìåÉêI=ëí~ÇëÇÉäëå®ãåÇ=çÅÜ=ä~åÇëíáåÖ== hçããìåLi~åÇëíáåÖL=pí~ÇëJ ÇÉäëå®ãåÇ=
píìÇÉê~í=î~äÉí= dÉåçãÑ∏êí=ÉåJ OMMO= â®í=çã=î~äê∏J êÉäëÉå=
_çíâóêâ~=
u=
u=
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
u=
u=
c~ÖÉêëí~=
u=
u=
d®îäÉ=
u=
u=
eìÇÇáåÖÉ=
u=
=
e®êêóÇ~=
u=
u=
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
u=
u=
hêçâçã=
u=
u=
iáåâ∏éáåÖ=
u=
=
iáååÉëí~ÇÉå=Eëí~ÇëÇÉäëå®ãåÇ=á= d∏íÉÄçêÖë=ëí~ÇF=
u=
=
j~êâ=
u=
=
kçêêâ∏éáåÖ=
u=
=
NM
EuF =
=
pî~ä∏î=
u=
u=
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
u=
u=
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
u=
u=
píçÅâÜçäãë=ëí~ÇI=fåíÉÖê~íáçåëJ Ñ∏êî~äíåáåÖÉå=
====================================================== NM
=fåíÉÖê~íáçåëÑ∏êî~äíåáåÖÉå=á=píçÅâÜçäã=ëí~Ç=Ü~ê=Öàçêí=Éå=ëäìíäáÖ=êÉÇçîáëåáåÖI=ãÉå= Ñáååë=áåíÉ=êÉÇçîáë~Ç=á=ÇÉåå~=ê~ééçêíK=aÉíí~=ÄÉêçê=é™=~íí=Ñçâìë=á=fåíÉÖê~íáçåëÑ∏êî~äíJ åáåÖÉåë=êÉÇçîáëåáåÖ=äÉÖ~í=é™=î~äÇÉäí~Ö~åÇÉ=Ää~åÇ=ìíä®åÇëâ~=ãÉÇÄçêÖ~êÉ=çÅÜ=~íí= êÉëìäí~íÉå=ÉåÄ~êí=ÄóÖÖÉê=é™=Éíí=ìêî~ä=~î=ëí~ÇëÇÉä~êK=aÉí=Ü~ê=Ç®êãÉÇ=áåíÉ=Ö™íí=~íí=Ö∏ê~= à®ãÑ∏êÉäëÉê=ãÉÇ=~åÇê~=âçããìåÉêë=êÉëìäí~íK=
=
=
OU=EPNF
=
Bilaga 2 – Andel i olika åldersklasser i procent av den totala befolkningen i kommunen 2002 = hçããìå=
NUJOQ=™ê=
ORJQQ=™ê=
QRJSQ=™ê=
SR=™êJ=
_çíâóêâ~=
====NOIO===== ====PVIV===== ====PQIO===== ====NPIT=====
bãã~ÄçÇ~= ======UIU===== ====OUIS===== ====PRIM===== ====OTIS===== c~ÖÉêëí~=
======UIU===== ====OVIP===== ====PQIS===== ====OTIQ=====
d®îäÉ=
====NNIN===== ====PQIQ===== ====POIU===== ====ONIU=====
eìÇÇáåÖÉ=
====NMIT===== ====QNIN===== ====PPIQ===== ====NQIT=====
e®êêóÇ~=
======UIV===== ====PUIS===== ====PRIU===== ====NSIT=====
h~êäëÜ~ãå= ======VIO===== ====PMIV===== ====PQIR===== ====ORIP===== hêçâçã=
======UIR===== ====PNIM===== ====PTIM===== ====OPIR=====
iáåâ∏éáåÖ=
====NQIM===== ====PSIO===== ====OVIR===== ====OMIP=====
j~êâ=
======VIS===== ====PNIN===== ====PQIP===== ====ORIM=====
kçêêâ∏éáåÖ= ====NNIQ===== ====PQIP===== ====POIR===== ====ONIU===== pî~ä∏î=
======UIS===== ====PQIR===== ====PRIQ===== ====ONIR=====
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå= ======TIS===== ====OVIR===== ====PRIV===== ====OSIV===== p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
====NNIR===== ====PUIM===== ====POIN===== ====NUIQ=====
pîÉêáÖÉ=
====NMIP===== ====PQIT===== ====PPIN===== ====ONIV=====
=
=
=
=
Bilaga 3 – Andel utrikes födda 2002. Procent av den totala befolkningen i kommunen. = hçããìå= ^åÇÉä=ìíêáâÉë=Ñ∏ÇÇ~ _çíâóêâ~= POIV bãã~ÄçÇ~= UIT c~ÖÉêëí~= NSIO d®îäÉ= UIQ eìÇÇáåÖÉ= OMIV e®êêóÇ~= VIO h~êäëÜ~ãå= SIO hêçâçã= QIM iáåâ∏éáåÖ= VIQ j~êâ= UIP kçêêâ∏éáåÖ= NOIR pî~ä∏î= VIO p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå= QIT p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ= OQIS pîÉêáÖÉ= NNIU
OV=EPNF
=
=
=
Bilaga 4 – Svarsfrekvens för enkäten = hçããìåLpí~ÇëÇÉä= pî~êëÑêÉâîÉåëI= éêçÅÉåí= _çíâóêâ~=
SM
bãã~ÄçÇ~=
TN
c~ÖÉêëí~=
TN
d®îäÉ=
G
e®êêóÇ~=
VQ
h~êäëÜ~ãå=
TV
hêçâçã=
VR
pî~ä∏î=
QV
p∏ÇÉêÜ~ãå=
TN
p∏ÇÉêí®äàÉ=
SM
=
PM=EPNF
=
=
PN=EPNF
= =
Bilaga 5 – Kontaktpersoner bland deltagande kommuner Namn
Kommun
Björn Adelly
Botkyrka kommun bjorn.adelly@botkyrka.se
08-53 06 11 91
Sten Bengtsson
sten.bengtsson@emmaboda.se
0471-181 25
Jenny Blom
Emmaboda Kommun Fagersta kommun
jenny.blom@fagersta.se
0223-441 01
Anita Walther
Gävle kommun
Anita.walther@gavle.se
026-17 80 77
Lisa Berg
Göteborgs stad, Stadsdelsnämnd Huddinge Kommun Härryda kommun
lisa.berg@linnestaden.goteborg.se
031-365 80 74
bjorn.rosborg@adm.huddinge.se
08-53 53 00 00
gunnar.smith@harryda.se
031-724 63 28
Karlshamn kommun Krokom kommun
Bernt.ibertsson@karlhamn.se
0454-810 00
siv.gahlin@krokom.se
0640-161 06
Linköpings kommun Mark kommun
Anna.bjarkmar@klk.linkoping.se
013- 20 53 10
Ingmarie.augustsson@mark.se
0320-170 00
Norrköping kommun Stockholms stad, Integrationsförvaltningen Svalöv kommun
ingvar.almrot@norrkoping.se
011-15 12 00
Annika.hjelm@integration.stockholm.se
08-50 83 33 00
jorgen.dehlin@svalov.se
0418-47 50 27
Söderhamn kommun Södertälje kommun
anders.bergsten@kommun.soderhamn.se
0270-753 19
Eva.bjurholm@sodertalje.se
08-55 02 29 47
Björn Rosborg Gunnar Smith Bernt Ibertsson Siv Gahlin Anna Bjärkmar Ingmarie Augustsson Ingvar Almrot Annika Hjelm Jörgen Dehlin Anders Bergsten Eva Bjurholm
= =
e-post
Telefon
15 Kommunala val I projektet Hur fungerar demokratin? mäter och granskar ett antal kommuner och landsting den lokala och regionala demokratin utifrån fyra områden: Valet 2002, medborgarnas inflytande, förtroendevaldas inflytande samt det offentliga rummet. Under året 2002–2003 har 14 kommuner och en stadsdelsnämnd granskat valet 2002 i enskilda demokratiredovisningar. I denna sammanställning presenteras slutsatser från kommunernas redovisningar. Vilka trender och eventuella avvikelser från den generella bilden kan uttydas? Vilka jämförelser mellan kommunerna kan göras? Denna rapport samt kommunernas enskilda redovisningar av valet 2002 finns på: www.lf.svekom.se/ Klicka på medborgarinflytande och därefter på demokratiredovisningar. ISBN: 91-7289-196-3
SVENSKA KOMMUNFÖRBUNDET
Besöksadress: Hornsgatan 20 • Postadress: 118 82 Stockholm • Telefon 08-452 71 00