TR AV E L J OURN AL
Antarctica & South Shetland Islands Discovery 29 th DEC 2021 – 7 th JAN 2022
SWANHELLENIC.COM
Welcome I’m delighted to welcome you to our world, a world of meticulous service, creative gourmet cuisine, stylish modern comfort and - above all - of exploration in depth as well as breadth, travelling in a relaxed, cosmopolitan environment. Swan Hellenic pioneered cultural expedition cruising in 1954, when we took members of London University’s Hellenic Society around the famous sites of ancient Greece in the company of eminent classicists. Every Swan Hellenic cruise offers the same unique experience today, combining geographical exploration of the planet’s most beautiful and fascinating places with cultural and scientific discovery, voyaging in the company of like-minded people and renowned experts, who offer eye-opening lectures and are on hand for informal questions and discussion throughout your cruise. These values are timeless, but how we live them evolves and is enriched over time, as you will discover aboard our wonderful new ship SH Minerva. A state-of-the art, ice-class expedition vessel, Minerva is the first ship ever to have been purpose-designed for our cultural expedition cruises. So, in addition to the classic expedition amenities, there are custom lecture facilities, extensive panoramic windows, spacious outdoor deck areas and multiple observation platforms, including the distinctive Swan’s Nest in the bows. But what’s more difficult to appreciate until you have lived the experience are the superbly comfortable interiors with their distinctively understated, sophisticated elegance, and the almost intuitively attentive yet unobtrusive service. We are extremely proud of everything we have prepared for you and look forward to welcoming you aboard among the first Minerva guests to see what others don’t. Thank you for choosing to explore with Swan Hellenic. You can be sure we will constantly strive to exceed your expectations in every way.
Philipp Reutener Philipp Reutener Hotel Director SH Minerva
Contents 4
Cruise Details
5
Your Itinerary
8
Expedition Activities
12
Antarctica Wildlife
16
Expedition Team
20
Packing List
25
IAATO General Guidelines
27
Antarctic Treaty General Guidelines
33
Useful Contacts
Cruise Details Sailing
Sailing from
29 Dec 2021 - 7 Jan 2022
Ushuaia, Argentina
Embark
Sailing to
Afternoon
Ushuaia, Argentina
Disembark
Ship
Morning
SH Minerva
th
th
4
Your Itinerary
5
Ushuaia ATLANTIC OCEAN
DRAKE PASSAGE
South Shetland Islands
Antarctic Sound
ANTARCTIC PENINSULA
ANTARCTICA & SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS DISCOVERY Live out your Antarctica dream on this exceptional 10-day voyage aboard our luxury iceclass expedition ship. Your journey to this icy wilderness starts with the notorious two-day Drake Passage sea crossing. Here you will clamber onto beaches crammed with millions of penguins and take home everlasting memories. Get ready for fabulous photo opportunities of magnificent icebergs as we sail around the Antarctic Peninsula. This immersive cruise is the ultimate Antarctica journey that will make for the trip of a lifetime.
DAY 1
USHUAIA Ushuaia is the gateway to the White Continent. Found at the southernmost tip of South America in Argentinian Patagonia, the city is often described as “the End of the World”. The city’s mountain backdrop rises above the harbour and entrance to the Beagle Channel.
DAY 2-3
CROSSING THE DRAKE PASSAGE Time to enjoy the comfort and elegance of SH Minerva with opportunities to deepen your knowledge of the Antarctic. Your Expedition Leader will share the IAATO rules of conduct for landings in the region and set the scene for what you can expect from your upcoming zodiac outings. Meanwhile, expert lectures on history and wildlife will help you to learn more about this remarkable region. For those keen to explore SH Minerva’s extensive outside space, why not visit the ship’s bridge or join our naturalist guides to look out for albatrosses and other seabirds flying over the Drake Passage.
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DAY 3-4
SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS While the South Shetlands’ proximity to Antarctica makes the ice-bound sea impassable during winter, these are the first islands to see snow melt in spring and the slightly warmer temperature means that the fauna is also different from what you see in Antarctica proper. As we go ashore by Zodiac, notice ferns, grasses, lichens and native flora that have more in common with Patagonia than they do with Antarctica.
DAY 5-7
ANTARCTIC PENINSULA Among captivating glaciers, majestic icebergs and snowy islands, the Antarctic Peninsula is where most visitors to the White Continent will live out their Antarctica dream. The Antarctic Peninsula, the most accessible area of the continent, hosts several scientific bases and some of the most interesting wildlife scenery, such as the extremely photogenic Lemaire Channel. Shore excursions might include Petermann Island, where among Adelie penguins, blue-eyed shags and skuas, huge, lumbering elephant seals haul out.
DAY 8-9
CROSSING THE DRAKE PASSAGE Time to enjoy the comfort and elegance of SH Minerva. Relax in the sauna or jacuzzi and enjoy the company of our expert crew, with opportunities to deepen your knowledge of the Antarctic. For those keen to explore SH Minerva’s extensive outside space, why not visit the ship’s bridge or join our naturalist guides to look out for albatrosses and other seabirds flying over the Drake Passage. Also, during these days you will have the opportunities to find out more about future Swan Hellenic itineraries and receive proper information on your disembarkation. Embrace every moment of this exceptional cruise experience, where each day is unique and unexpected.
DAY 10
USHUAIA Ushuaia is the gateway to the White Continent. Found at the southernmost tip of South America in Argentinian Patagonia, the city is often described as “the End of the World”. The city’s mountain backdrop rises above the harbour and entrance to the Beagle Channel. The town itself is walkable and has a few small museums as well as pubs, restaurants and cafes - a good place to try Patagonian lamb cooked over open fire pits.
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Expedition Activities 8
Achievements
Panama Canal Navigator
Equator Voyager
Northwest Passage Traveller
Drake Passage Conqueror
Polar Plunge Survivor
Arctic Circle Explorer
Travel
Flights
Cruise
Drive
Hotel
Onboard
Knowledge
Passion
Customer care
Wellbeing
Zodiac
Birdwatching
Onshore
ZODIAC CRUISING Shore excursion
Snorkling
Swan Hellenic Minerva carries a fleet of Zodiacs to offer our guests the unique opportunity of in-depth experience. You’ll be able to get closer Nature to ice formationsWildlife and icebergs, in the hopes of encountering wildlife like penguins, seals and whales. Whenever we Fauna explore the remote regions of the
planet, Zodiacs are the best way to be immersed in this spectacular landscape in many different ways. Zodiacs are safe and sturdy inflatable rib boats that Arctic Fox Polarare Bear operated can withstand Penguin harsh conditions. They by highly trained Zodiac Drivers and present minimal impact to the ecosystems they visit. You’ll Culture be boarding these boats when you go on in-depth shore excursions and explore places that are otherwise inaccessible. Pagoda
Cost
Cultural sight
Historic building
Church
Zodiac cruising are included in the price of your Swan Hellenic cruise. If you’re looking for aIndigenous more intimate Indigenous Folding fan Archeological South America New Zealand Sites experience, we also offer some optional extras that are not included in the price of your holiday.
Private Zodiac tour Duration: 2 – 3 hours Cost: $1,000 total
Trekking/ Hiking
Taste
Kayaking
GUIDELINES 1. Before any Zodiac activities take place, you will first be given a safety and efficiency briefing. 2. Guests will then be divided into groups and our crew will help each group board their Zodiac safely, please follow their instructions. 3. Our guides are very experienced in Zodiac excursions and comply with Polar Tourism Guide Association standards. 4. If you’re going to have a ‘Dry Landing’ it means you’ll disembark your Zodiac at a dock or landing platform. 5. If you’re going to have a ‘Wet Landing’ it means you’ll have to disembark by stepping into the water, wearing rubber boots or reef/water shoes. 6. The expedition team Kimono will keep you updated about Mosque weather conditions so you can dress accordingly. Waterproof clothing is essential for Polar regions.
Synogogue
7. Wearing a safety vest is mandatory. Indigenous Polar
8. You should wear sun protection. We recommend sunscreen with a high protection factor and polarised sunglasses. 9. Zodiac excursions can involve riding on a Zodiac for up to 2 hours, keep in mind that dehydration or cold could affect your experience.
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Hotel
Wellbeing
KAYAKING Birdwatching
Trekking/ Hiking
Taste
Kayaking
Experience the serene silence of the Antarctic waters on an immersive polar kayaking excursion. Glide through this icy world at water level as you explore the ever-changing maze of towering glaciers and creaking icebergs. All the while keeping an eye out for the curious local wildlife. You will need to have prior kayaking experience and some basic kayaking skills to participate in this excursion. Everything that you need for the trip will be provided by Swan Hellenic.
Church
Indigenous New Zealand
How do kayaking trips work? Synogogue
Mosque
Kimono
Our kayaking trips take place in small groups led by our knowledgeable, qualified guides. Kayaking excursions operate at the same time as our shore Indigenous excursions or Zodiac cruises, weather permitting. Polar The number of kayaking trips that we operate per cruise itinerary varies. We will only run kayaking excursions when the weather conditions allow, and it is safe to do so. Where polar kayaking trips involve paddling close to icebergs, glaciers, and ice flows with wildlife, we will always maintain a safe distance. Excursions usually last between 1.5 hours and 3 hours, depending on location and conditions.
Are there any restrictions?
Cost Kayaking excursions are not included in the price of your Swan Hellenic cruise. You will need to reserve this excursion in advance through your Tour Operator, Travel Agency or Swan Hellenic office. Your experienced guide will explain your itinerary before each shore excursion. At this point, you will be able to opt into the kayaking excursion for that day or opt-out and join the rest of the guests on their shore excursion itinerary. If you have purchased an unlimited package, there will be no change to cost no matter how many times you choose to participate in kayaking. If you opt not to participate in kayaking at any point it is offered, you will not be refunded. The place will then be offered to the next person on the waiting list. For those wishing to participate in a kayaking trip and who have not purchased an unlimited package, additional fees will be charged upon confirmation, according to the applicable rates for the excursion.
Kayaking single session Duration: 1.5 – 3 hours Cost: $250 per person
Unlimited kayaking (Antarctic Peninsula cruises only) Cost: $1,000 per person Please note that the number of kayaking opportunities per cruise varies. Some itineraries may only be suitable for a single kayaking excursion. Please speak to the Expedition team on board regarding kayaking opportunities on your cruise.
Guests will need to be able to communicate in English as well as have previous kayaking experience to participate in this excursion. Group sizes are small, with a maximum of 8-10 guests in 4-5 double kayaks. This ensures that the guides can keep each participant safe and well informed. Only one guest is allowed per kayak seat. To ensure the safety of all participants, the minimum age for participation is 16 years old. Children can kayak if accompanied by an adult. Children must be able to transfer to the kayak from the Zodiac boat without assistance.
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Northwest Passage Traveller
Drive
Customer care
Drake Passage Conqueror
Polar Plunge Survivor
Arctic Circle Explorer
Hotel
Wellbeing
OTHER ACTIVITIES
Achievements
Hiking Zodiac
Bear
toric ding
enous America
Snowshoeing
Every time Trekking/ there is a possibility toKayaking explore thePanama lastCanal great Taste Hiking wilderness on Earth, we will offer the chance toNavigator hike on the White continent. Our experienced expedition team will guide you along the frozen shores of Antarctica and Travel enrich your knowledge by sharing theirs.
Birdwatching
Equator Voyager
Grading a walk through wilderness terrain is very subjective – after all, one person’s hill is another person’s mountain! Our expedition staff would rather Flights talk to you in person regarding your experience or how suitable and enjoyable a hike may be for you. Therefore, we have created a grading system to give you an idea of what you may encounter. The Antarctic is aOnboard fragile environment, the terrain could be loose scree, snow or tundra. Stepping ashore in any wilderness location comes with responsibility, and will require an awareness of the environment and wildlife. Knowledge
Cruise
Snowshoeing in Antarctica is fun, Polar healthy lessCircle Northwest Drake Passage Plunge andArctic Passage Traveller Conqueror Explorer impactful on the environment. It isSurvivor one of the best ways to gain elevation, see beyond horizons, and get a good workout after a few days on board a ship. No prior experience is required – however, guests need to be in good health and fitness. While hiking excursions are offered throughout the Antarctic season, snowshoeing locations vary depending on snow cover. Drive
Hotel
Passion
Customer care
Wellbeing
Snorkling
Zodiac
Birdwatching
Onshore Church
Indigenous New Zealand
Synogogue
Indigenous Polar
Mosque
Kimono
Shore excursion
Wildlife
Trekking/ Hiking
Taste
Kayaking
Nature
Fauna
Penguin
Arctic Fox
Polar Bear
Culture
11
Pagoda
Cultural
Historic
Church
Synogogue
Mosque
Kimono
Antarctica Wildlife 12
ADELIE PENGUINS These Penguins can be found in large colonies on the ice-free slopes of the Antarctic continent. During breeding season, they can often be seen sliding across the ice on their stomachs, making their way into the sea to get food for their chicks. ANTARCTIC SOUND
ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS Antarctic Fur Seals were almost driven to extinction during the 18th century, when man hunted them for their skin and blubber. Today, they breed in dense colonies on beaches and rocks north of the pack-ice, where males fight for the right to rule a harem of females. ELEPHANT ISLAND
GENTOO PENGUINS Gentoo Penguins are the third-largest penguin species and can reach up to 81cm in height. They are easily recognizable with white patches above their eyes and a long tail which moves like a brush, hence their species name – Pygoscelis (brush-tailed). ANTARCTIC PENINSULA
HUMPBACK WHALES Humpback Whales are massive, and can grow up to the size of a school bus. They generally travel alone or in small groups, and are known for their incredible melodies and powerful, high breaches. GRAVE COVE
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KILLER WHALES Killer Whales, also known as Orcas, are the largest dolphins in the world. They have clever predatory techniques such as coordinated attacks on whales and wave washing seals off the ice. NEW ISLAND
LEOPARD SEALS Leopard Seals, recognizable by leopard-like spots on their throats and stomachs, are solitary animals and can often be found waiting by penguin landing and launch spots. They often catch penguins, bring them to the surface and vigorously shake them to their death. ANTARCTICA
WEDDELL SEALS Weddell Seals were discovered by British sealing captain James Weddell. It is one of the largest of its species and the most southerly ranging mammal in the world, living as far south as 78°S. They do not migrate and survive the harsh winter by maintaining breathing holes in the ice. ANTARCTICA
CHINSTRAP PENGUINS With an estimate of 8 million individuals , Chinstrap Penguins are believed to be the most abundant penguin in the Antarctic. Easily recognizable by its narrow black band under its head making it look as if it were wearing a black helmet. ANTARCTICA
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CRABEATER SEAL By far the most abundant seal species in the world, the Crabeater Seal , also known as the krill-eater seal is a true seal with a circumpolar distribution around Antartica. Its sieve-like tooth structure allows it to successfully filter out the small crustaceans they feed on. ANTARCTICA
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Expedition Team 16
Pablo Brandeman | Expedition Leader Pablo has been on over 170 expeditions around the Southern Ocean, and has worn all the different hats: Zodiac Driver, Logistics, Camp Master, Lecturer, Expedition Leader, Assistant Expedition Leader, and Kayak Operations. He has lately become a drone pilot, and has assisted several scientific and film crews with their projects in the white continent. He enjoys a wide range of extreme sports and has many tales to tell.
Sarah Scriver | Assistant Expedition Leader Sarah has been guiding expeditions for ten years in the Polar and subpolar regions, leading tundra hikes, zodiac tours, kayaking expeditions and camping. She was also the Shore Expedition Leader for the North West Passage Project, advising on landings and local conditions aboard the Swedish Icebreaker, Oden. She is a proud Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society and a passionate ambassador for the Polar regions.
Michael Bowen | Naturalist Mike always had a taste for adventure. He joined the Royal Marine Commandos and had a distinguished Military career. During his service, Mike was one of the first British servicemen to pass the Norwegian Army’s Arctic survival instructors course, where he found his passion for the Polar regions. Mike has been working in the expedition industry for a number of years in the High Arctic and is an advanced zodiac driver and medic.
Santiago Stabile | Kayak Guide Santiago always knew he wanted to work with nature and people, so he supplemented a degree in tourism with naturalist training, language courses and kayaking certification. After guiding in the best eco-lodges of Argentina for many years, he developed a career as a sea kayak guide between Europe and Patagonia. He is a curious world explorer, hungry for knowledge and passionate about public speaking.
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Hanna Michel | Marine Biologist Hanna is a biologist who discovered her love for whales and dolphins when she was a child. During her university days she was involved in research projects in Italy, Australia, and Iceland, collecting photo-id and behavioural data in cetaceans. She returned to Iceland after graduation, working as a guide on a variety of wildlife and nature tours in different parts of the country. Since 2017, she’s been migrating between Iceland and Antarctica, sharing her passion for marine mammals.
Alberto Martinez | Marine Biologist Alberto is a Biologist with a passion for marine mammals. While in university, he worked as a naturalist at the Oceanográfico de Valencia, the biggest aquarium in Europe. After graduating, he worked as a Marine Mammal expert for several Whale Watching companies around Iceland. He became an expedition cruise naturalist and lecturer for Ponant in 2019 and has been participating in Polar expeditions ever since. And in 2021, he obtained a master’s degree in Animal Behavior.
Cheuk Kevin | Geologist CK has been working in Antarctica since 2013 and has been an EnglishChinese interpreter for more than two decades. During his time at Washington State University, he enjoyed studying geology and anthropology, and participating in environmental protection activities. In 1991, he met two explorers who told him stories of the remarkable pioneers of polar exploration. These stories had a profound and lasting influence on his life.
Dmitrii Kiselev | Historian Dmitrii studied history, Chinese language and Asian Pacific cultural diversity in university. He is the author of more than 30 publications in Oriental studies, naval and polar history. Among them is the first ever book focused on Soviet explorations in Franz Josef Land. He is now an expedition guide and field historian traveling all around our planet. While at home, Dmitrii likes to spend time maintaining his own historical page “Mitya’s Polar Curiosity Shop” on Facebook.
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Sasha Zulas | Polar Meteorologist After graduating from the Odessa State Ecological University, Sasha worked his way up from being a polar meteorologist to an oceanologist to the head of the sector of Marine Hydrometeorological Observations. He spent 5 years of his life working as a meteorologist-oceanologist at the Ukrainian Antarctic station located 8 kilometers from the Antarctic Peninsula. There, he gained plenty of field experience and even developed skills like working with metal and wood, drawing and driving a motor boat.
Sue Walsh | Ornithologist Sue has travelled widely watching wildlife from the poles to the equator on all seven continents. She has been fascinated by all aspects of the natural world since studying geology back in the seventies. She is also an accredited bird ringer/bander which has allowed her to travel and ring birds in different countries. She has been lecturing on cruise ships since 2014, offering a range of informative talks about the wildlife to look out for.
Aleksandra Kormiltseva | Naturalist As a Geography student at St. Petersburg State University, Aleksandra participated in several expeditions to the Russian Far North, and since then has fallen in love with the serene beauty of the Arctic, and its scale and wilderness.
Martín Bianco | Photographer Martín is a photographer and an artist whose work explores travel, documentary and street photography. He was an accountant for many years but in 2013, he decided to leave his job to pursue his dreams of becoming a professional photographer and filmmaker, to travel around the world and get to know new cultures and places. He lives a simple and nomadic life, and he is always looking for new adventures.
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Packing List 20
WHAT TO PACK FOR YOUR ANTARCTICA ADVENTURE The climate in Antarctica is quite unique, so we advise that you pack carefully. Of course, we understand that everyone feels the cold (and warmth) differently, but there are certainly some recommendations that will benefit most Antarctic adventurers. Daily temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula can range from well below freezing to the upper 40°F/4°C. The windchill factor can make these temperatures feel much colder. Keep in mind that you will be spending most of your time outdoors on or near the water, where open spaces will be subject to strong, cold winds. The outside temperature can feel much colder than the reading on the thermometers. We would recommend that you dress a little warmer than you usually would for the temperature.
ONBOARD Everyday attire Expedition cruises are primarily concerned with what happens outside the ship, so dress codes are very relaxed. Your clothing aboard the ship should be comfortable and easy to wash and pack. Casual trousers, jeans, long-sleeved t-shirt and a thin jumper or bodywarmer will be fine. Inside the ship will be warm and comfortable. However, it’s always a good idea to have warm clothes on hand just in case something out on deck takes your interest. You may want to pack swimming and fitness gear if you would like to visit the spa, pool or fitness centre whilst aboard.
Dressing for dinner We keep our evenings casual too. Perhaps pack a couple of casual shirts, and/or skirts or dresses.
Footwear Keep footwear light and easy to pack. Onboard a pair of lightweight trainers will be adequate. Women are strongly advised not to bring high-heeled shoes, especially stiletto heels. The seas can get rough at times, and you’ll need your balance. Slippers should only be worn in your cabin.
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ONSHORE Arrival and departure locations
Don’t get wet
Remember to pack clothes and shoes appropriate for the cities where your itinerary begins and ends. They may be in very different climates with different activities on offer.
Water making its way under your clothes can quickly cause discomfort. It can also lead to health issues, so it’s best to make sure that you do as much as you can to avoid getting wet.
Shore excursions and Zodiac landings
It’s quite easy to get wet when on an excursion. Rain, snow, seawater spray and splashes are just a few of the ways that water can get in.
For shore excursions, Swan Hellenic will provide: • Swan Hellenic Expedition branded water and windproof parkas. This will be yours to keep at the end of the cruise. • Rubber Muck boots • Life jacket • A refillable water bottle
Swan Hellenic Expedition parkas Your Swan Hellenic Expedition parka will be waiting for you in your stateroom on the first day of the cruise.
Your Swan Hellenic Expedition parka will protect most of your body from wind and water, but what else should you wear to make sure that you are completely water-free? For mid and bottom layers, wool, silk, and polar fleece are much better choices than cotton. Materials should be breathable to prevent condensation from gathering under your parka. Waterproof trousers for Zodiac trips and land excursions are essential. We would recommend wearing them over normal pants or thermal underwear.
It’s all about layers Layering your clothing is key to maintaining a comfortable body temperature. It’s always better to wear several lightweight layers than one heavier one. You can always remove or add more layers of clothing as your body temperature changes. We would recommend loose-fitting layers which allow for pockets of air between each item of clothing. This helps provide additional insulation.
Footwear You will be provided with a pair of rubber Muck boots for Zodiac excursions and onshore landings. The 3-in-1 two-layer parka features: • A 3M Finetex Taslan 330D membrane • 5,000 mm waterproof technology • 5,000 gm breathability • An adjustable hood with microfleece lining for extra warmth, and a visor for optimal visibility in all conditions • A high collar that protects your neck and face when the hood is down • Elongated cuffs, secured over the gloves with two adjustable buckles (instead of Velcro, complying with local biosafety regulations) • An elongated back for comfortable seating in Zodiac boats
We would advise bringing wool or insulated socks to wear with the Muck boots. Bring several pairs of warm socks with you. When choosing your socks, we would recommend focusing on quality and material rather than thickness. Merino wool, nylon and organic fibres are best for wicking moisture away and preventing blisters. You’ll be able to find appropriate socks in most specialist outdoors shops.
Hats and gloves You will need to make sure that you keep your head warm on deck and when on excursions. Bring a warm, windproof hat that covers your head and ears. We would also recommend wearing a collar scarf to protect your neck and chin from the elements. You may also wish to bring a balaclava for additional protection. It’s also important that you keep your hands warm and dry. Packing mittens, ski gloves and insulated glove liners will keep you covered for all weather eventualities.
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WHAT ELSE? Bags
Medication
A waterproof backpack will be useful for protecting your camera and any other electronic gear that you want to bring for shore landings. We would recommend an additional waterproof case for your camera.
In addition to any prescription medication, you may also need to think about bringing motion sickness pills. You should make sure that you have an adequate supply of any medication that you need. Seasickness medication will also be available on board at the front desk should you need it.
The animals and plants of the Antarctic are protected under the Antarctic Treaty, and pollution is strictly regulated. As such, we advise our guests to avoid bringing certain materials ashore. Backpacks without mesh inserts are recommended, and we advise against using plastic bags for waterproofing items. Please note that it is completely forbidden to bring plastic bags ashore in South Georgia.
Electricity Don’t forget to pack chargers for all the electronic equipment that you’re bringing aboard. While there are 110 volt outlets in your stateroom, it’s recommended that while travelling internationally you should bring a universal power plug adapter.
Sun protection Sunglasses are recommended to protect your eyes from the sun as well as from the snow glare. We would recommend bringing plastic-framed glasses, not metal, as they are less likely to bend and break. It is also advisable to bring high SPF sunscreen for your face, along with hand cream and lip balm. In Antarctica, the sun’s rays reflect off the water, snow, and ice, even when the weather is overcast. Keeping sun protection in mind when packing is essential.
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RECOMMENDED PACKING LIST •
Shoes and clothing for arrival and departure cities
•
Trainers or comfortable shoes that make you feel comfortable on board
•
Waterproof trousers
•
Waterproof backpack for shore drop-off landings
•
A wool jumper or fleece jacket
•
•
A bodywarmer or sweatshirt
A waterproof, airtight case for your camera and other electronic gear
•
Two sets of thermal underwear
•
UV-protective sunglasses
•
A turtleneck jumper and a long sleeve shirt
•
Sunscreen for face and lips, hand cream and lip balm
•
One or two t-shirts
•
•
Jeans or other comfortable trousers
Camera, extra memory cards and flash drives, extra batteries, and lenses
•
Sports clothing for the onboard fitness centre
•
Laptop or tablet for taking notes and uploading photos
•
Swimwear for visiting the spa and pool
•
•
Two pairs of mittens, gloves, and glove liners
Charges for electronics, adapters, and power banks as required
•
An extra pair of eyeglasses or an extra set of contact lenses
•
Medical supplies prescribed by your doctor, with a few extra days to spare
•
A warm windproof hat
•
A warm shawl or scarf
•
A balaclava
•
Warm socks (several pairs), merino wool, nylon or organic fiber
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IAATO General Guidelines 25
IAATO GENERAL INFORMATION FOR WILDLIFE WATCHING IAATO is a member organisation founded in 1991 to advocate and promote the practice of safe and environmentally responsible private-sector travel to the Antarctic. IAATO’s General Information for Wildlife Watching and related Guidelines aim to provide guidance to IAATO operators for viewing cetaceans, seals, and birds in their marine environment. These guidelines minimize potential environmental impacts to wildlife and suggest ways to comply with Annex II (Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora) of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. The guidelines do not replace any domestic governmental laws, but provide an additional code of conduct to help reduce potential disturbance to the marine environment. Some countries have guidelines or regulations stricter than these, which may override IAATO’s guidelines. Violation of national regulations may be punishable by fines, imprisonment and, in extreme cases, seizure of vessel. IAATO operators should be aware that compliance with the IAATO guidelines might be insufficient to prevent violation of, and penalties resulting from, national laws and regulations. Compliance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea has priority over these guidelines at all times.
Are intended to be used by IAATO members operating: Any type of vessel e.g. ship, sailboat, yacht, Zodiac, small boats, kayak, etc. (Note: The use of jet-skis, surfboards or windsurfers should not occur in areas of known wildlife). By the officers, crew, expedition staff and visitors involved in navigating in wildlife-rich areas during viewing sessions.
The Guidelines Aim to: • Minimize wildlife disturbance. • Protect cetaceans, seals and seabirds while ensuring a high quality wildlife-watching experience through responsible observation. (Many passengers are concerned about the welfare of wildlife and expect high standards of conduct by operators.) • Avoid harmful impacts on marine wildlife populations by ensuring that the normal patterns of daily and seasonal activity of the animals are maintained in the short and long term. Competent, careful boat handling avoids harming wildlife and leads to better wildlife watching. For more information download The IAATO Polar Guide: Antarctica app, available for iOS and Android. It enables users to access essential information at the click of a button; from guidelines for visiting Antarctic Visitor Sites and wildlife watching to general rules for being a responsible visitor and preventing the introduction of non-native species.
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Antarctic Treaty General Guidelines 27
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR VISITORS TO THE ANTARCTIC All visits to Antarctica should be conducted in accordance with the Antarctic Treaty, its Protocol on Environmental Protection, and relevant Measures and Resolutions adopted at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM). Visits may only occur after prior approval by a relevant national authority or if they have met all the requirements of their national authority. These Guidelines provide general advice for visiting any location, with the aim of ensuring visits do not have adverse impacts on the Antarctic environment, or on its scientific and aesthetic values. ATCM Site Guidelines for Visitors provide additional site-specific advice for some locations. Read these Guidelines before you visit Antarctica and plan how to minimise your impact. If you are part of a guided visitor group, abide by these guidelines, pay attention to your guides, and follow their instructions. If you have organised your own visit, you are responsible for abiding by these guidelines. You are also responsible for identifying the features of the sites you visit that may be vulnerable to visitor impacts, and for complying with any site specific requirements, including Site Guidelines, Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) and Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) management plans, or station visit guidelines. Guidelines for particular activities or risks (such as aircraft use, or avoiding the introduction of non-native species) may also apply. Management plans, a list of historic sites and monuments, and other relevant information can be found at www.ats.aq/e/ep_ protected.htm. Site Guidelines can be found at https:// www.ats.aq/devAS/ats_other_siteguidelines.aspx.
Protect Antarctic Wildlife The taking of, or harmful interference with, Antarctic wildlife is prohibited except in accordance with a permit.
Wildlife • When in the vicinity of wildlife, walk slowly and carefully and keep noise to a minimum. • Maintain an appropriate distance from wildlife. While in many cases a greater distance may be appropriate, in general don’t approach closer than 5m. Abide by any guidance on distances in site specific guidelines. • Observe wildlife behaviour. If wildlife changes its behaviour stop moving, or slowly increase your distance. • Animals are particularly sensitive to disturbance when they are breeding (including nesting) or moulting. Stay outside the margins of a colony and observe from a distance. • Every situation is different. Consider the topography and the individual circumstances of the site, as these may have an impact on the vulnerability of wildlife to disturbance. • Always give animals the right of way and do not block their access routes to the sea. • Do not feed wildlife or leave food or scraps lying around. Do not use guns or explosives.
Vegetation • Vegetation, including mosses and lichens, is fragile and very slow growing. Do not damage the vegetation by walking, driving or landing on any moss beds or lichen covered rocks. When travelling on foot, stay on established tracks whenever possible to minimise disturbance or damage to the soil and vegetated surfaces. Where a track does not exist, take the most direct route and avoid vegetation, fragile terrain, scree slopes, and wildlife.
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Introduction of Non-Native Species
Respect Scientific Research
• Do not introduce any plants or animals into the Antarctic.
Do not interfere with scientific research, facilities or equipment.
• In order to prevent the introduction of non-native species and disease, carefully wash boots and clean all equipment including clothes, bags, tripods, tents and walking sticks before bringing them to Antarctica. Pay particular attention to boot treads, velcro fastenings and pockets which could contain soil or seeds. Vehicles and aircraft should also be cleaned.
• Obtain permission before visiting Antarctic stations. Reconfirm scheduled visits no less than 24-72 hours before arriving.
• The transfer of species and disease between locations in Antarctica is also a concern. Ensure all clothing and equipment is cleaned before moving between sites.
Respect Protected Areas Activities in Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) or Antarctic Specially Managed Areas (ASMAs) must comply with the provisions of the relevant Management Plan. Many historic sites and monuments (HSMs) have been formally designated and protected.
Specially Managed and Specially Protected Areas • A permit from a relevant national authority is required for entry into any ASPA. Carry the permit and obey any permit conditions at all times while visiting an ASPA. • Check the locations and boundaries of ASPAs and ASMAs in advance. Refer to the provisions of the Management Plan and abide by any restrictions regarding the conduct of activities in or near these areas.
Historic Sites and Monuments, and Other Structures • Historic huts and structures can in some cases be used for tourist, recreational and educational visits. Visitors should not us them for other purposes except in emergency circumstances. • Do not interfere with, deface or vandalise any historic site, monument, or artefact, or other building or emergency refuge (whether occupied or unoccupied). • If you come across an item that may be of historic value that authorities may not be aware of, do not disturb it. Notify your expedition leader or national authorities.
• Comply with any site specific rules when visiting Antarctic stations. • Do not interfere with or remove scientific equipment or markers, and do not disturb experimental study sites, field camps or stored supplies.
Keep Antarctica Pristine Antarctica remains relatively pristine. It is the largest wilderness area on earth. Please leave no trace of your visit.
Waste • Do not deposit any litter or garbage on land nor discard it into the sea. • At stations or camps smoke only at designated areas, to avoid litter and risk of fire to structures. Collect ash and litter for disposal outside Antarctica. • Ensure that wastes are managed in accordance with Annexes III and IV of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. • Ensure that all equipment and rubbish is secured at all times in such a way as to prevent dispersal into the environment through high winds or wildlife foraging.
Wilderness Values • Do not disturb or pollute lakes, streams, rivers or other water bodies (e.g. by walking, washing yourself or your equipment, throwing stones, etc). • Do not paint or engrave names or other graffiti on any manmade or natural surface in Antarctica. • Do not take souvenirs, whether man-made, biological or geological items, including feathers, bones, eggs, vegetation, soil,rocks, meteorites or fossils. • Place tents and equipment on snow or at previously used campsites where possible
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• Before entering any historic structure, clean your boots of snow and grit and remove snow and water from clothes, as these can cause damage to structures or artefacts. • Take care not to tread on any artefacts which may be obscured by snow when moving around historic sites.
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Be Safe Be prepared for severe and changeable weather. Ensure that your equipment and clothing meet Antarctic standards. Remember that the Antarctic environment is inhospitable, unpredictable and potentially dangerous.
Safety Precautions/Preparations • Know your capabilities, the dangers posed by the Antarctic environment, and act accordingly. Plan activities with safety in mind at all times. • Keep a safe distance from dangerous wildlife like fur seals, both on land and at sea. Keep at least 15m away, where practicable. • If you are travelling in a group, act on the advice and instructions of your leaders. Do not stray from your group. Do not walk onto glaciers or large snow fields without proper equipment and experience. There is a real danger of falling into hidden crevasses. • Do not expect a rescue service. Self-sufficiency is increased and risks reduced by sound planning, quality equipment, and trained personnel. • Do not enter emergency refuges (except in emergencies). If you use equipment or food from a refuge, inform the nearest research station or national authority once the emergency is over. • Respect any smoking restrictions. Use of combustion style lanterns and naked flames in or around historic structures should be avoided. Take great care to safeguard against the danger of fire. This is a real hazard in the dry environment of Antarctica.
Landing and Transport Requirements Act in Antarctica in such a way so as to minimise potential impacts on the environment, wildlife and associated ecosystems, or the conduct of scientific research.
Transport • Do not use aircraft, vessels, small boats, hovercraft or other means of transport in ways that disturb wildlife, either at sea or on land. • Avoid overflying concentrations of birds and mammals. Follow the advice in Resolution 2 (2004) Guidelines for the operation of aircraft near concentrations of birds in Antarctica, available from www.ats.aq/devAS/info_measures_list.aspx?lang=e. • Refilling of fuel tanks for small boats should take place in a way that ensures any spills can be contained, for example onboard a vessel. • Small boats must be free of any soil, plants, or animals and must be checked for the presence of any soil, plants, or animals prior to the commencement of any ship-to-shore operations. • Small boats must at all times regulate their course and speed so as to minimise disturbance to wildlife and to avoid any collisions with wildlife.
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DON’T PACK A PEST! Non-native species in Antarctica Non-native species are those species that do not naturally occur in an area and have been introduced either intentionally or unintentionally. A wide range of non-native species now occur in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands. These introduced species include microbes, algae, fungi, vascular plants, invertebrates, fish, birds and mammals.
Be a Responsible Visitor Despite known introductions of non-native species, Antarctica remains a relatively pristine environment. Human activity has the potential to act as a vector for non-native species. Across the continent, science programs and tour operators are working to minimize the risk of humans being a vector for transporting non-native species into and within the Antarctic.
Still at home? How to help before you head south Clean and examine clothes thoroughly: Examine all clothing, including pockets, seams, Velcro® fasteners, and boot soles for dirt and organic material. A thorough cleaning is recommended. Pack clean gear: Make sure your gear and outdoor equipment are freshly cleaned and free of dirt and organic material. Even if your gear is still dirty from a previous trip to the Antarctic, you could be transporting a non-native species.
How might non-native species hitch a ride with you? • • • • • • •
Boots and shoes Trouser hems and turn-ups Pockets Velcro® and fleece Backpacks Outdoor equipment, camera bags Walking sticks, tripods
Once you have arrived Five steps to protecting the Antarctic 1 Follow the boot and clothing decontamination procedures on your expedition. This is especially important if you are moving between distinct geographic regions (e.g. between a sub-Antarctic Island and the Antarctic) but also if moving between distinct landing or field sites. 2 Watch your step. Be careful when walking in areas that contain organic matter as this can be easily transported to other areas. If you do notice organic matter on boots, clothing or gear, make sure to clean it off before leaving a site and use the disinfectant wash between visits. 3 Clean your gear regularly. This includes boots, equipment, day packs and camera bags, trouser hems and turn-ups, fleece clothing Velcro® fasteners for outer clothing, etc. 4 Report a pest. Tell your guides if you think you have found a non-native species. 5 Spread the word. Share this information with others. We all contribute to the health of the Antarctic.
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Lessons learned for Antarctica from the sub-Antarctic Human activities in the sub-Antarctic islands have contributed to a large number of introductions of nonnative species both intentional (rabbits and reindeer for food) and unintentional (mice, rats, worms and grasses). Approximately 200 non-native species exist on the islands (see Figure 1). These species have come to survive in – and in some cases dominate – terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats, often causing alterations to the ecosystems through extinction or decreased abundance of native species.
What types of non-native species have already arrived in Antarctica? • • • •
Seeds Grasses Algae Fruit flies
• • • •
Worms Spiders Midges Microorganisms
Figure 1: Non-Native Species in the Sub-Antarctic 120 108 100 80
Vascular Plants Invertebrates Fungi Mammals Birds Fish Algae Microorganisms
72
60 40 20 0
12
8
3
3
1
1
Source: Frenot, Y et al. Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications. Biol. Rev. (2005), 80, pp. 45-72.
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