English-Spanish Helpful Handouts – For English Speakers Who Want To Learn Spanish
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Spanish Reflexive Verbs and Daily Routines Reflexive constructions consist of a reflexive pronoun and a verb. An example is: Me despierto. (I wake up). In English, reflexive pronouns end in -self or -selves; for example, myself, yourself, ourselves, etc. In Spanish, the reflexive pronouns are: me, te, se, nos, os, se. A Spanish reflexive verb in the infinitive has se attached to the end of it, such as, despertarse.
Me despierto a las ocho. (I wake up at 8:00.)
To conjugate a reflexive verb, use the reflexive pronoun that corresponds with both the subject and the verb form. It goes in front of the verb: (Yo) me despierto a las ocho. Me despierto a las ocho. Te despiertas a las ocho. Se despierta a las ocho. Nos despertamos a las ocho. Os despertáis a las ocho. Se despiertan a las ocho.
I wake up at 8:00. You (familiar) wake up at 8:00. You (formal) wake up at 8:00. He/She wakes up at 8:00. We wake up at 8:00. You (familiar, plural) wake up at 8:00. You (formal, plural) wake up at 8:00. They wake up at 8:00.
In a sentence with a reflexive construction, the subject not only performs the action, but also receives the action. Look at this example of the use of the reflexive verb cortarse.
Ayer, me corté. (Yesterday, I cut myself.) The subject did the cutting, that is, the subject performed the action. Also, the subject got cut, that is, the subject received the action. One way that reflexive verbs are used is with daily personal routines. You will find a list of reflexives verbs on page 2.
Free handout - http://sites.google.com/site/englishspanishhelpfulhandouts Photos: www.flickr.com (Creative Commons License): Alex@Faraway, AMagill, danielcraig, NeitherFanboy, animm, Kathy Cassidy, rileyroxx, sean dreilinger
English-Spanish Helpful Handouts – For English Speakers Who Want To Learn Spanish
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Daily Personal Routines acostarse (ue) afeitarse bañarse cepillarse los dientes
levantarse maquillarse peinarse pintarse
to to to to
cuidarse
to go to bed to shave to take a bath to brush one’s teeth to care of oneself
get up put on makeup comb one’s hair put on makeup
ponerse la ropa
despertarse (ie)
to wake up
quitarse la ropa
dormirse (ue) ducharse lavarse
to fall asleep to take a shower to wash oneself
secarse vestirse
to put on one’s clothes to take off one’s clothes to dry off to get dressed
Sentences that use reflexive verbs are constructed differently in Spanish as compared to English.
Él se lava. (He washes himself.)
Él se lava la cara. (He washes his face.)
Look at this sentence: Él se lava. In this sentence, the reflexive pronoun se acts as a direct object. To determine the direct object, find out whom or what is the subject acting upon. In this case, ask this question: “Whom is he washing?” The answer is: “himself”. Now look at this sentence: Él se lava la cara. In this sentence, the reflexive pronoun se acts as an indirect object. It may be easier to find the direct object of this sentence first. Ask the question: “What is he washing?” The answer is: “the face”. Now, you need to find the indirect object. To determine an indirect object, find out to whom or for whom a subject is acting. In this case, ask the question: “For whom is he washing the face?” The answer is: “for himself.” Note that in this case, the definite article is used before the direct object (“the”). In Spanish, the definite article is used when the direct object is a body part or an article of clothing. In English, we use the possessive pronoun my, your, his, her, etc.: He washes his face. Reflexive versus Nonflexive Verbs When an action is performed on another person, a reflexive pronoun is not used. Despierto a mi hermano a las ocho. (I wake my brother up at 8:00.)
Ella cortó la manzana por la mitad. (She cut the apple in half.) Free handout - http://sites.google.com/site/englishspanishhelpfulhandouts Photos: www.flickr.com (Creative Commons License): Alex@Faraway, AMagill, danielcraig, NeitherFanboy, animm, Kathy Cassidy, rileyroxx, sean dreilinger
English-Spanish Helpful Handouts – For English Speakers Who Want To Learn Spanish
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Raúl’s Morning Routine
Raúl Raúl se despierta a las seis. (Raúl wakes up at 6:00.)
Primero, se baña.
Entonces, se seca.
Luego, se peina.
(First, he takes a bath.)
(Then, he dries himself off.)
(Next, he combs his hair.)
Más tarde, se cepilla los dientes. (Later, he brushes his teeth.)
Finalmente, se viste. (Finally, he gets dressed.)
Write your morning routine here. Me despierto a las ______.
Primero,
Entonces,
Luego,
Más tarde,
Finalmente,
Saturdays Fill in the blank using the correct form of the verb in parenthesis. Include your own Saturday morning routine. 1. (levantarse) Los sábados, Carlos y Juan _______________ a las ocho. Tomás _______________ a las diez. Yo _______________ a las _______________. 2. (cepillarse) (ducharse) Olivia siempre ________________ los dientes antes de _______________. 3. (ducharse) (cepillarse) Carlos y Juan siempre ________________ antes de ________________ los dientes. Yo _______________ antes de ___________________. 4. (vestirse) Olivia y Tomás _______________ de jeans. Carlos _______________ elegantemente. Yo _________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. (afeitarse) Carlos y Tomás no _______________ los sábados. Yo _________________________________________________________________________________________. 6. (maquillarse) Olivia _______________ . Isabel no ________________ los sábados. Yo _________________________________________________________________________________________. Free handout - http://sites.google.com/site/englishspanishhelpfulhandouts Photos: www.flickr.com (Creative Commons License): Alex@Faraway, AMagill, danielcraig, NeitherFanboy, animm, Kathy Cassidy, rileyroxx, sean dreilinger
English-Spanish Helpful Handouts – For English Speakers Who Want To Learn Spanish
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Write the sentence using the verb as a reflexive verb. Example: Yo/despertar /a las siete y media (I wake up at 7:30.)
Yo me despierto a las siete y media.
1. Sofía /cuidar/ bien (Sofia takes good care of herself.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Arturo/vestir/antes de desayunar (Arthur gets dressed before he eats breakfast.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Nosotros/lavar/ las manos antes de comer. (We wash our hands before eating.) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Yo/quitar/la gorra. (I take off my hat.) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Juan/acostar/a las nueve y media todas las noches. (John goes to bed at 9:30 every night.) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Juan/dormir/a las diez todos los noches. (John falls asleep at 10:00 every night.) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Yo/poner/ la chaqueta y salgo para la escuela. (I put on my jacket before I leave for school.) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Answer these questions. 1. ¿A qué hora te despiertas diariamente? ____________________________________________________ 2. ¿Prefieres ducharte o bañarte? ____________________________________________________________ 3. ¿A qué hora te acuestas todos los días? ___________________________________________________ 4. ¿Cuántas veces al día te peinas? _________________________________________________________
¿Cuántas veces al día te peinas? Free handout - http://sites.google.com/site/englishspanishhelpfulhandouts Photos: www.flickr.com (Creative Commons License): Alex@Faraway, AMagill, danielcraig, NeitherFanboy, animm, Kathy Cassidy, rileyroxx, sean dreilinger
English-Spanish Helpful Handouts – For English Speakers Who Want To Learn Spanish
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Decide whether to use a reflexive or nonreflexive verb in these sentences. 1. Julia _______________(bañar/bañarse) al perro. (Julia bathes the dog.) 2. Elsa ________________(acostar/acostarse) el niño a las ocho. (Elsa puts the boy to bed at 8:00.) 3. Yo _______________ (lavar/lavarse) los platos. (I wash the plates.) 4. Yo _______________ (lavar/lavarse) las manos. (I wash my hands.) 5. El muchacho _______________(afeitar/afeitarse) con cuidado para no _______________ (cortar/cortase). (The boy shaves carefully so he won’t cut himself.) 6. Vosotros _______________ (vestir/vestirse) muy elegantemente. (All of you dress very elegantly.) 7. Ellas _______________(levantar/levantarse) temprano para ir al trabajo. (They get up early to go to work.) 8. Matilde _______________ (vestir/vestirse) a su hermanita. (Matilde dresses her little sister.) 9. Laura _______________ (cepillar/cepillarse) el pelo. (Laura brushes her hair.)
Create a sentence to describe what is happening in each photo.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Free handout - http://sites.google.com/site/englishspanishhelpfulhandouts Photos: www.flickr.com (Creative Commons License): Alex@Faraway, AMagill, danielcraig, NeitherFanboy, animm, Kathy Cassidy, rileyroxx, sean dreilinger