ARCHITECTURE
2020
2015
XU
YANG
B.S. in Architecture MA in Architecture and Urbanism Applicant Siping Road 1239, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China sweeny7231@163.com +86 15300682770
ARICHITECTURE in “?” Architecture is completed in its environment. The meaning of the surrounding environment can go beyond that of being a ‘context’ for project work because they provide instructions to create and enhance the vitality of architecture. Different elements of the environment are focused, including not only the existing physical surroundings but also historical clues, in order to confirm the role of architecture in contemporary cities and human society, as well as to search its potential tendency in future development.
Confirming the role of architecture in contemporary cities and human society.
-AARCHITECTURE in “COMMUNITY”
01 STUDY CENTRE for CAUP Campus of Tongji University, Siping District, Shanghai
2018
02 COMMUNITY CENTRE AMONG OLD HOUSES North Maoming Road, Jingan District, Shanghai
2018
-BARCHITECTURE in “TOPOGRAPHY”
03 HOUSE of SLOPE Jiangjun Mountain, Nanjing
2017
-CARCHITECTURE in “HYPOTHESIS”
04 SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK 1km x 1km area in urban sub-centre 2020
01 STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
Architecture Design Academic Work Mar.-Jul., 2018 A.P. Li Xingwu Tel: 65984240
Personal Work
I tried to create a non-traditional study space for teachers and students in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP) of Tongji University, using multi-level platforms to contain working and teaching activities, so that models and temporary constructions of various sizes can be successfully built and exhibited. In addition, the knowledge of structure and physical construction is involved in this project, aiming to stack and combine multiple structural units.
CONCEPT platforms under a shell
The inner courtyard that provides a place for public activities in the community.
DESIGN INTENT of STUDY CENTRE The project is located on the campus of Tongji University, surrounded by other teaching buildings and facilities of CAUP. The existing buildings have covered most of traditional teaching spaces, including exhibition halls, lecture halls, ordinary classrooms, college
ibraries, offices, etc. As a new teaching building of CAUP, it is hoped to expand in function rather than duplicate. In addition, the new study center would not only serve CAUP, but also serve the entire campus by increasing public activity space.
TONGJI CAMPUS
COORDINATION WITH STUDY in CAUP The curriculum of CAUP includes a large number of courses on building small structures and practicing construction techniques, which needs relatively large and open space.These courses are currently carried out in scattered open spaces on campus, where teaching
is easily disturbed, and the final works can only be retained for a short time.Therefore, I decided to create a "model factory" for building and displaying such constructions.This type of space is open to the outside and located in a semi-outdoor environment.
PART OF COURSE DESCRIPTION
Fundementals of Dsesign
'Introduction to Architecture' Workshop
ASSIGNMENTS
Design Week
Architectural Design of Special Topics
Use PE board/wood to build a 1:1 space model to study the structure and material.
Use cardboard to build a hut that a group of 3-4 students can live in for one night.
1:5-1:1 space prototype construction using robot construction technology.
1:10-1:5 Construction models to represent details. ‌‌
The design includes a large number of semi-outdoor public platforms. The warm and pleasant climate in Shanghai ensures the feasibility of this design idea. The best comfortable temperature for human body
3
STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
PROCESS First, the positions of the blocks are staggered to produce outdoor platforms on each floor, and then the shapes of the blocks and platforms are adjusted.
INSERT TRAFFIC SPACE TO CONNECT
Extension of Entrance
Connecting Small Platforms
Merger of Platforms
Connecting The Roof Garden
SHELL The shape of the outer shell is adjusted so that the internal space has a benign light environment.
STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
4
5
STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
MODEL FACTORY The semi-outdoor terraces can accommodate the production and exhibition of large-scale installations and models, meanwhile increasing the public space of the campus.
CONNECTION of PLATFORMS A set of long stairs connect the terraces of each floor, so that the outdoor space under the shell can possess an independent circulation system on its own. +23.60 ROOF
+20.00
F4
+14.70
F3
+9.60
F2
+4.80
GF
±0.00 -4.65
B1
SECTION A-A
SECTION B-B 0 2
10/m
STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
6
2
1
3
2nd FLOOR
model producing and learning
B
4
5
6
A
A GROUND FLOOR
B
teaching, dicussion and exhibiting
7
8
10
9
BASEMENT
teaching and officing
N 0
1 Terrace 2 Workshop 3 Library
2
4 Lexture area 5 Forum 6 Exhibition hall
10/m
7 Office 8 Lounge 9 Exhibition hall
10 Terrace
11
ROOF
models producing and exhibiting
13
12
4th FLOOR
recreation and supply
14
15
3rd FLOOR teaching
N 0
2
11 Courtyard 12 CafĂŠ 13 Shop
10/m
14 Terrace 15 Classroom
ACTIVITIES in S
The ground floor and the basement serve as the main space for exhibition, where works of one grade can be demonstrated. There is equipment applicated for models and sheets. Display boards are 2400mm x 1700mm large, enough to hang up 4 A0 sheets at a time.
9 STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
STUDY CENTRE
The second floor is "the model factory." Inner space is used for model manufacture as well as the terrace outside, where large structures can be built.The reading room is also on the floor for students to find references when they design. The third floor is the teaching
zone, where classrooms are located. The forth floor as well as the roof is recreation space. A shop mainly selling model material and a cafe lie on the forth floor while above is a little garden. Through the apertures of the shell, daylight can paint a golden hue for bonsais in this garden.
STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
10
WEST ELEVATION
11 STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
EAST ELEVATION
STUDY CENTRE for CAUP
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02 COMMUNITY CENTRE AMONG OLD HOUSES
Architecture Design Academic Work Sep.-Dec., 2018
Pro. Wu Changfu Tel: 65984240 Personal Work
The lane house group on Maoming North Road where the site is located has a history of nearly a hundred years and is a famous "Lilong" area in Shanghai. It used to be a private residence in the early twentieth century, then it underwent expansion after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Finally, it was divided into collective housing. There are still nearly a thousand families living here today. These houses are tightly arranged and lack open space. Therefore, how to produce a public building that provides public activity space without destroying the original texture in this historic residential area is the focus of this design.
CONCEPT various roofs for various public space
The inner courtyard that provides a place for public activities in the community.
CURRENT STATUS of LILONG AREA
The site is located at the southeast corner of the Lilong residential area on Maoming North Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai. There is a dining street called Fengshengli nearby, and a shopping mall further away. However, most of these recreational buildings are serving young
people around the age of 25. The residents of Lilong, whose average age is about 52 years old, still lack places for public gatherings and entertainment, and can only gather occasionally on crowded street corners.
AGE COMPOSITION
activity area for the young
activity area for the elder
DEAL WITH SPECIAL ELEVATION
1920s
Elevation of Old Houses along the Street
15
Community Centre in Old Houses
2018
Elevation along Weihai Road
INCREASE PUBLIC SPACE for ACTIVITIES
not good/ promoted/ good
A variety of indoor and outdoor spaces for middle-aged and elderly activities are created to meet their needs such as social interaction, learning, and entertainment.
Community Centre in Old Houses
16
PLAN
Area: Plot Ratio:
634m2 0.4
Greening: Height:
20.7% 20m
The community center is located on the north side of the intersection of North Maoming Road and Weihai Road. The inner courtyard opens to the residential area of old houses, Lilong Area. At the same time, it also has a complete street
facade that responds to the external urban environment. The community center is equipped with indoor and outdoor spaces for holding various activities. The buildings are connected by open corridors with excellent openness and accessibility, providing residents with a place for public activities.
North Maoming Road
Weihai R oa
d
A 3 1
4
A
2
5
6
B
1 Reunion Hall 2 Restroom
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3 Reception 4 Lecture Hall
Community Centre in Old Houses
5 Handwork Studio 6 Book Club
B
N
0 2
10m
LYING IN OLD HOUSES Located in the Lilong area, the community center conforms to the original city texture and extracts modern elements through the roofs to form a new public space.
HALL & CORRIDOR
Community Centre in Old Houses
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PYRAMID TOP
SECTION A-A
Triple glazing low-E glass skylight
5mm nailed zinc board 3mm PVC waterproof roll 120mm PVC downpipe 40mm stainless steel keel 20mm waterproof cement board 50mm XPS board thermal insulation 20mm cement board
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Community Centre in Old Houses
CORNICE & ROOF RIDGE
SECTION B-B
115x240mm grey block 5mm 1:3 waterproof cement mortar 200mm reinforced concrete 3mm PVC waterproof roll 50mm XPS board thermal insulation 20mm cement board
15mm grey tile 25x30mm roof batten 30x30mm counter batten 15mm C15 fine aggregate concrete screed-coat 3mm PVC waterproof roll 10mm 1:3 cement mortar screed-coat 200mm reinforced concrete 3mm PVC waterproof roll 50mm XPS board thermal insulation 20mm cement board
Community Centre in Old Houses
20
03 HOUSE of SLOPE
Architecture Design Academic Work Sep.-Dec., 2017
Pro.Hu Bin hubing@tongji.edu.cn Personal Work
The spatial circulation inside the house is matched with the steep contour lines. The positions of various functions are getting higher and higher from open to private. The stairs connected in the middle connect the platforms, and the yard formed between the platforms becomes the gathering place of people core zone.This is a residence designed for tea merchants, so a "potted tea garden" is set up on the inner courtyard platform as one of the focal points of the flow. At the end of the flow line is an outdoor small courtyard, but the wall is not closed on the central axis, so that the line can continue to wind up and enter the nature.
CONCEPT living with the landscape
The upward trend of the building along with the slope.
N MASTER PLAN
1/2000 The site is located on a relatively steep slope in the Jiangjun Mountain area of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China. The hillside is covered by evergreen trees such as cryptomeria, magnolia, camphor, and cedar from the waterfront to the top of the mountain. The annual average temperature is 13 to 22 degrees and the climate is quite pleasant.
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HOUSE of SLOPE
RISING WITH THE SLOPE
HOUSE of SLOPE
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PLAN
1/175
A 10 8
1
9
BASEMENT
7
5
3 6
2
4
GROUND FLOOR A 1 Entrance hall 2 Dining room 3 Kitchen 4 Restroom 5 Living room
6 Tearoom 7 Couryard of teabush 8 Bedroom 9 Bedroom 10 Backyard
N
25
HOUSE of SLOPE
ELEVATION & SECTION
1/175
Bedroom
Living room
Dining room
ELEVATION
SECTION A-A
HOUSE of SLOPE
26
CONSTRU
1/2
BEDROOM·BATHR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1.plaster 2.150mm cast-in-place concrete 3.30mm 1:6 cement cinder with 2% slope 4.20mm 1:2.5 cement mortar screed-coat
5.40mm EPS foamed plastic insulating layer 6.PVC waterproof roll 7.20mm cement mortar protective layer 8.40mm fine aggregate concrete
9.backfilling soil 10.20mm cement mortar protective layer 11.PVC waterproof roll 12.150mm cast-in-place concrete 13.20mm cement mortar bonding layer 14.40mm EPS foamed plastic insulating layer
15.20mm 1:2.5 cement mortar screed-coat 16.PE groundsheet 17.45mm×60mm willow corner plate 100×100×10mm rubber pad 18.20mm waterproof plywood 19.25mm cherry wood matchboard
9
10
11
12
13
14 15 16 17 18
19
20
21
HOUSE of SLOPE
23
20.6 inch downlight 21.20x20mm white ste 22.hidden T5 fluoresce 23.fireproof gypsum b 24.main keel 25.expansion screw 26.150mm cast-in-plac 27.20mm 1:2.5 cemen 28.40mm EPS foamed 1.5mm polymer pa 29.LC7.5 light-weight 30.Φ6@150 metal net 31.40mm fine aggrega 32.15mm 1:3 cement m 33.PVC waterproof rol 34.12mm 1:4 dry cem 35.10mm anti-slip tile
26 27
27
22
28
29 30
UCTION
20
ROOM·BACKYARD
36.brick baffle 37.150mm cast-in-place concrete 38.30mm 1:6 cement cinder with 2% slope 39.20mm 1:2.5 cement mortar screed-coat 40.PVC waterproof roll 41.root-resistent waterproof roll 42.polyester non-woven fabrics isolating layer 43.20mm cement mortar protective layer 44.polyester non-woven fabrics filter layer 45.cobblestone water drainage/retain layer 46.green foliage layer 47.flexible foundation
36
3
24
37 38
39 40 41 42
43
44 45
46
25
eel square cube ent tube board
ce concrete nt mortar screed-coat d plastic insulating layer aint concrete filling layer (σbc≥3kg/cm2) ate concrete mortar screed-coat ll ment mortar bonding layer
31
32
33
34
47
35
HOUSE of SLOPE
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04 SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
Urban Design Academic Work Mar.-Jun., 2020 Pro. Sun Tongyu sty@stystudio.com Case Study, Master Plan: Teamwork with Architecture Student Zhao Yuxuan Block and Street Design: Personal Work
The super pedestrian block mode refers to a pedestrian-priority space model in a 1km x 1km urban area. Through the effective organization of motor vehicle traffic and public transportation as well as the construction of pedestrian networks, we can finally create a walkingoriented urban environment with vibrant streets and adequate green space.
CONCEPT pedestrian-oriented urban space
The streets in the central business district without motorized traffic have become wide and lively public square.
WALKING FOR SOCIAL INTERACTIONS As a primitive mode of transportation, walking not only has the advantages of safety and environmental friendliness, but also helps in forming an active street atmosphere. Walking can promote commercial and public activities on street sides, adding chances of social interactions.
Urban space which is produced to express human activity can be described as public space dominated by pedestrians, for example, a series of playgrounds designed by Aldo van Eyck. The formation of this type of place depends on the number of pedestrians and walkability.
ENVIRONMENT
Air Pollution Caused by Motor Vihicles in 2019 [2] Emission PM2.5, PM10, NO2 as primary pollytant* in over standard* days /10 kilo-tons
Top4 Pollutant CO
3089.4
NO
368.8
NOx
562.9
PM2.5:
1.80
SAFETY
In 2019, the road traffic death toll per 10 thousand vehicles was 1.80 people.
Number of traffic accidents 13% Death toll of traffic accidents 1% Injury of traffic accidents NO2: Direct property loss Others: 41% The total PM10:
44.2 [1]
PM
45%
[3]
Caused by cars
244937 cases 63194 peope 258532 peope 1384.6 million yuan
EFFICIENCY SPEED LIMIT of CHINESE CITY ROAD [4]
30
50
1) The speed limit of urban roads without a road centerline is 30km/h. 2) The speed limit for only one motor vehicle lane in the same direction is 50km/h. 3) If there are more than two motorized lanes in the same direction on the road, the left side is the fast lane and the right side is the slow lane. A motor vehicle driving in a fast lane shall drive at the speed specified in the fast lane.
Traffic congestion during rush hours* in typical Chinese cities in 2019 [5] Cities with more than 3 million cars Congestion Index*
City Chongqing
Beijing
Shanghai
2.17
2.04
1.74
Actual speed 23.6km/h
25.1km/h
25.6km/h
Cities with more than 2-3 million cars City Guangzhou
Hefei
Nanjing
Congestion Index* 1.74
1.71
1.71
Actual speed 30.0km/h
27.2km/h
27.5km/h
Cities with more than 1-2 million cars City
Congestion Index*
Guiyang
2.00
Changchun
1.78
Harbin
1.90
Xi'an
1.73
28.1km/h
Tangshan
1.70
30.4km/h
Hohhot
1.72
Wuhan
1.72
27.1km/h
Foshan
1.70
30.0km/h
Cangzhou
1.71
In Chinese cities traffic congestion is a common phenomenon. Traffic congestion in small and medium cities is sometimes more serious than in large cities.
Actual speed 25.8km/h 23.1km/h
26.7km/h
28.9km/h 30.1km/h
*Primary pollutant: the pollutant with the biggest individual AQI (Air Quality Index) *Over standard: AQI > 50 *Rush hours: the morning rush hour is 7:00 ~ 9:00, the evening is 17:00 ~ 19:00, both in weekdays *Congestion index: the ratio of actual travel time to unobstructed travel time References [1]China Mobile Source Environmental Management Annual Report 2019, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China [2]Report on the State of the Environment in China 2019, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China [3]Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development, National Bureau of Statistic of China [4]Regulation on the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China [5]2019 China Urban Transport Report, Baidu Map 31
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
PEDESTRIAN SPACE, THE ESSENTIAL FORM OF URBAN SPACE orem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laboru
Central, Hongkong
Wujiaochang, Shanghai
Bornim, Potsdam
BUILDING
ROAD
*PEDESTRIAN SPACE
CBD, Beijing
Neustadt, Hamburg
Ruihong Lot 3, Shanghai
Lujiazui, Shanghai
Donau City, Vienna
Daning Community, Shanghai
TOPOLOGICAL SHAPE OF PEDESTRIAN SPACE IN CURRENT CITIES In the typological research on typical areas of cities today, the pedestrian spaces are blacked out, and the rest are left blank. Then some characteristics of pedestrian spaces in these areas can be seen: i) Geometry: Most are based on the original road network, then are affected by natural factors such as forests and water systems; ii) In the high-density metropolitan area, the pedestrian space is discontinuous, and the central hub is sometimes not a pedestrian-friendly space; iii) In the residential-oriented community area, the pedestrian space is denser. Because of its even distribution, it lacks a center for gathering.
*Pedestrian space: The public space where people can walk around at any time. SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
32
EVALUATION OF PUBLIC SPACE FROM PEDESTRIAN PERSPECTIVE WUJIAOCHANG, SHANGHAI WALKING-FRIENDLY Sunken plaza in the center
Lively market on the street
Dining area on the roadside
WALKING-UNFRIENDLY Deserted square lacking commercial activities
Pavement occupied by non-motorized vehicles
Square outside shopping mall used as parking lot for non-motor vehicles
INTERACTIONS IN BLOCK Commercial and office functions are concentrated in the four corners and on both sides of the diagonal line, ensuring the quiet and privacy of the rest residential area.
33
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK in URBAN SUB-CENTRE IDEAL MODE IN A 1kmx1km SQUARE
1 km
1 km
1. PRECONDITION Resident Population:
Working Population:
40,000
50,000
Plot Ratio: 5.0
Greening: 40%
2. PROCESS
3. TRAFFIC SYSTEM
Considering the true situation of the blocks, it is believe that 100-200m is the appropriate side length of a rectangular block.
waling-oriented-design
2
1
6x6 197m x 197m 145m x 197m 104m x 197m 145m x 145m 104m x 145m 104m x 104m
6x6 167m x 167m
AddingBranch Roads Strentheningthe Centre
3
4
-Adding a Diagonal Road -Forming a Center
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
34
MASTER PLAN
PEDESTRIAN SPACE
ROAD NETWORK
ARTERIAL ROAD SUB-ARTERIAL ROAD ROAD TUNNEL BRANCH LINE
UNDERGROUND PARKING LOT
35
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
LAND USE
BUILDING COMMERCIAL OFFICES RESIDENTIAL GREEN EDUCATIONAL PUBLIC
LOCATION OF PUBLIC SPACE
First, a center with the strongest publicity and the highest degree of comprehensive function was determined, and it was extended to the edge through an oblique pedestrian avenue. In terms of traffic, the external main road goes underground at the edge of the area. All the branch roads are designed as pedestrian-oriented roads, and the road paving adopts hard materials such as marble and tiles. In terms of land use, commercial and office functions are concentrated in the four corners and on both sides of the diagonal line, ensuring the quiet and privacy of the rest residential area.
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
36
NODE-A Category A refers to the pedestrian space node on the plot where the main building type is offices. This type of area has fewer commercial activities along the street. The road and sidewalk are designed as a square as a whole, and public seats are provided for people to rest. The greening is mainly arbor to provide shade.
COMMERCIAL OFFICES RESIDENTIAL GREEN EDUCATIONAL Building
37
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
Land Use
PUBLIC
NODE-B
COMMERCIAL OFFICES RESIDENTIAL GREEN EDUCATIONAL PUBLIC
Land Use
Building
Category B refers to the pedestrian space node on the plot where the main building type is commercial building. There are motor vehicles passing by near this type of area, so the pure pedestrian zone is divided by road barriers. Arcades are set up on the first floor of buildings along the street. By this way commercial activities spread from indoors to outdoor squares, forming a lively street atmosphere.
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
38
NODE-C Category C refers to the node in the central area. This part of the land is still dominated by commercial architecture and offices, compounding the functions of cultural, entertainment and public services. By erecting the sky corridors, the pedestrian space forms a multi-level system with greening and commercial activities.
COMMERCIAL OFFICES RESIDENTIAL GREEN EDUCATIONAL Building
39
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
Land Use
PUBLIC
NODE-D
COMMERCIAL OFFICES RESIDENTIAL GREEN EDUCATIONAL PUBLIC
Land Use
Building
Category D refers to the sky corridors mentioned in C. These corridors work as bridges connecting buildings in the center, and can also become important public activity nodes above the ground floor. They connect the entrances of various commercial and cultural buildings on the second and third floors, and the wide bridge deck can become a kind of plaza for various activities.
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
40
TYPICAL COMMERC
All commercial buildings in the left area can adopt this mode: setting up arcades on the ground floor to increase the activ deserted due to lack of commercial activities; setting up walkable access from the external street to the inner courtyard, p
41
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
CIAL & OFFICES
Plot Ratio: 6-7 Height Limit: 155m Greening: 40% Public Space Rate: >30% * Commercial area accounts for 60%-80%. * Public space: urban space that can be accessible for the public for 24 hours. COMMERCIAL OFFICES RESIDENTIAL GREEN EDUCATIONAL PUBLIC
Land Use
Building
TYPICAL PUBLIC SPACE:
1. INNER GARDEN
2. RING CORRIDOR
vities along the street; dividing the large square, preventing from being providing public space that urban residents can use for 24 hours.
SUPER PEDESTRIAN BLOCK
42
Xu
Yang
sweeny7231@163.com