Regulation of the Economy 3.1: Supplement to the Future of Regulation Guidebook

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In t h e w a k e o f t h e d is a s t r o u s e c o n o m ic e v e n t s o f 2 0 0 8 , m a n y c it iz e n s s t a r t e d p a y in g c lo s e r a t t e n t io n t o p a r t s o f e c o n o m ic p o lic y t h a t p r e v io u s ly s e e m e d d u ll a n d r e m o t e f r o m t h e ir e x p e r ie n c e . W h a t h a p p e n e d t o m y p e n s io n v a lu e ? W h y c a n ’t I s e ll m y h o u s e a s I t r y t o m o v e t o t h a t n e w jo b ? W h y d id m y s is t e r lo s e h e r h o m e t o f o r e c lo s u r e ? W h e r e d id a ll t h e jo b s f o r y o u n g p e o p le g o ? W h y d id w e b a il o u t b ig b a n k s a n d in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s? T h e s e w e r e a m o n g t h e q u e s t io n s o n t h e lip s o f m a n y c it iz e n s a lm o s t a s s o o n a s t h e fi r s t v e r s io n o f t h e IF R e g u la t io n g u id e b o o k c a m e o u t . S in c e t h e 19 8 0 s , c it iz e n s h a d b e e n r e a s s u r e d t h a t o u r e c o n o m y w a s la r g e ly “s e lf-c o r r e c t in g ” t h r o u g h t h e w o r k in g s o f t h e “m a r k e t ” a n d t h a t t h e c o lle c t iv e w is d o m r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e F e d e r a l R e s e r v e w o u ld o v e r s e e o r d e r ly g r o w t h . In t h is c o n t e x t , r e g u la t io n w a s s e e n b y m a n y a s a n im p e d im e n t t o p r o s p e r it y , n o t a r e s t r a in t o n d a n g e r o u s e x c e s s .

D a z e d a n d c o n f u s e d b y o u r e c o n o m ic c r is is , c it iz e n s s t a r t e d t o h e a r u n f a m ilia r t e r m s lik e “ t o o b ig t o f a il,” “h ig h r is k lo a n s ,” “b u b b le s ,” “s t im u lu s ,” a n d “q u a n t it a t iv e e a s in g .” T h e y a ls o d is c o v e r e d (t o t h e s u r p r is e o f m a n y ) t h a t f in a n c ia l in s t it u t io n s w e r e c o n d u c t in g r is k y u n r e g u la t e d b u s in e s s o u t s id e o f t h e ir c o r e r e g u la t e d f u n c t io n s , t h a t n e w (a n d d if f ic u lt t o u n d e r s t a n d ) f in a n c ia l in s t r u m e n t s h a d g r o w in g r o le s in t h e e c o n o m y , t h a t r e g u la t o r y a g e n c ie s h a d n o t p r o v id e d n e e d e d le v e ls o f o v e r s ig h t , a n d t h a t t h o s e r a t in g r is k s a n d r e c o m m e n d in g f in a n c ia l p r o d u c t s w e r e n o t a b o v e o b s c u r in g e s s e n t ia l f a c t s o r b e t t in g a g a in s t t h e ir o w n c u s t o m e r s .

It is t r u e t h a t t h e r e w e r e c r e d ib le s o u r c e s w h o w a r n e d u s a t t h e t im e o f t h e v e r y t h in g s t h a t la t e r c a m e t o p a s s . B u t t h e s e s o u r c e s w e r e o f t e n m a r g in a liz e d a n d s o m e t im e s a t t a c k e d w it h in t h e ir p r o f e s s io n s . T h e “c o n v e n t io n a l w is d o m ” a n d w is h f u l “g r o u p -t h in k ” m a y h a v e c a u s e d u s t o ig n o r e m a n y w a r n in g s ig n s . S o m e h a v e o b s e r v e d t h a t t h o s e w h o p r o fi t e d f r o m t h e s p e c u la t iv e r u n u p o f p r o fi t-t a k in g h a d p le n t y o f in fl u e n c e a n d s p e n t f r e e ly in t h e p o lit ic a l s p h e r e t o m in im iz e t a x e s a n d g o v e r n m e n t in t e r v e n t io n s . A n d o t h e r s m ig h t p o in t o u t t h a t t h e c o n d it io n s t h a t w e r e h a r m f u l t o t h e v a s t m a jo r it y o f c it iz e n s a ls o b r o u g h t a b o u t a m a jo r s h if t in w e a lt h t o a v e r y s m a ll p o r t io n o f t h e p o p u la c e .

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