Steel Sands Management Plan
Special Project LSC6005 Sam Marshall Landscape Management
...1
-000.
(Front cover) Photograph of site taken from Teesmouth National Nature Reserve - Author. Redcar Steel Works. Steel Sands
Table of Content PART ONE
PART TWO
1 Site Location................................. 6-9
1 Summary....................................... 49
2 Introduction.................................. 10
2 Masterplan.................................... 50 - 54
3 History........................................... 12
2.3 Green Infrastructure.................. 57
4 Site Feature................................... 14-23
3 Timeline........................................ 58
4.2.1 Rail & Highway Network Plan. 18 4.3.1 Utilities Plan........................... 19 4.7.1 Recorded Species of Flora & Fauna...................................... 21 5 Surrounding Area.......................... 26-30 5.1.1 Key Information...................... 26 6 Stakeholders................................. 31 7 Policies.......................................... 34
2.2 Built Infrastructure.................... 56
4 Management................................ 60 4.4.1 Uses & Users........................... 63 4.5.1 Potential Stakeholders........... 62
5. Key Issues..................................... 66 5.1 Contamination........................... 67 - 71 6 Objectives..................................... 72 7 Recommendations........................ 75
8 Issues............................................ 36
7.1 Connections............................... 76
9 Opportunities................................ 37
7.3 Identity....................................... 80
10 Case Studies................................ 38
8 Maintenance Area A..................... 84 - 88
11 Vision.......................................... 41
7.2 Biodiversity................................ 78
8.7 Maintenance Plan...................... 90 - 95 9 Maintenance Area B..................... 96 - 99
12 Aims............................................ 42
9.1 Maintenance Plan...................... 100 - 103
13 References.................................. 44
10 Conclusion.................................. 104 11 References.................................. 106 12 Appendix..................................
108 - 113 ...3
PART ONE
Steel Sands
...5
Steel Sands
Site Location
1.
Site Name: Redcar Steel Works & Coatham Sands Region: North East England, UK Borough: Cleveland & Redcar Postcode: TS10 5BE Grid Reference: NZ 56357 25807 Latitude and Longitude: (54.621259, -1.131034) GPS Coordinates: 54° 37’ 16.5324’’ N 1° 7’ 51.7224’’ W
AB
CD
E
-001.
(Far left) North East England regional map - site location marked within black box - Edina. 1
-002.
(Left) Vector map of the United Kingdow - site location marked within black box. 2
3
4
5
6
...7
0
0.5
Steel Sands
1
1.5
2
Scale1 :50000 2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5k m
-003.
Aerial image of the site & surrounding area - site boundary marked in red Edina.
...9
Introduction The Redcar Steel Works, situated on the estuary of the river Tees has experienced a fruitful and turbulent past - from the creation of international landmarks to multiple closures in recent years, resulting in the lose of jobs which has had a disastrous effect on the local community and economy. The works have now been unused since 2015 when Sahaviriya Steel Industries (SSI), closed the doors for the final time. This resulted in the lose of 2,000 jobs and the closing of an area approximately 800 acres, rendering it unused and disconnected to its surroundings at the mouth of the river Tees. The blast furnace and accompanying works have had a huge impact on the landscape within this corner of Teesside - dominating this skyline for almost 60 years, whilst providing a source of work and economic growth for this area to flourish industrially over this time, and if not longer. It is currently a pivotal time for the future of this site, South Tees Development Corporation (STDC) has identified this as part of a wider initiative to redevelop the area for a new, industrial future to coincide with the Conservative Government Brexit strategy. To achieve this, they plan to eradicate much of the existing features, and therefore it’s heritage from the site to make way for new industrial units which lend no distinction to the sites part in global and local history. The purpose of this study is to develop a master plan which would celebrate the importance of this site’s heritage, it’s cultural and environmental significance whilst providing tourists and the communities effected with an educational and social space in which to honour this site for the future. Rediscovering a forbidden landscape.
Steel Sands
2.
-004.
The blast furnace - Getty.
-005.
Industrial skyline of the Redcar Steel Works site taken from Bran Sands Author.
...11
History
3.
The land in which the Steel Works and the adjoining Coatham Sands resides upon has a relatively short history - this is reclaimed land, forged from the waste of the iron & steel works within the area. The forming of the ‘North & South Gare’ on the mudflats at the mouth of the river Tees in the mid to late 19th Century started the series of land reclamation in this area. 5 million tonnes of slag were used from the surrounding works and back filled with the dredged material from the river channel which then enable larger ships to navigate the river. These works had reclaimed an additional 2.5 miles 1. The dunes that formed, now know has ‘Coatham Sands’ have established as a diverse habitat of calcareous ‘slag grasslands’ due to the high levels of lime based waste from the blast furnaces 2. This areas was assigned a SSSI designated in 1988 3. The first iron & steel works were founded here in 1917 by Dorman Long, just east of where the current blast furnace is situated. Dorman Long went on to design & supply the steel for the Sydney Harbour and Tyne bridges 4 - marking this sites place in history. Further reclamation from the 1950’s, on marshland and the mudflats know as ‘Bran Sands’, and again using the slag from the local furnaces reclaimed the land that the expanded site we now see, resides upon. The site became part of British Steel when the company was formed in the late 1960’s - the works would then change hands a number of times between 1999 - 2011 ending in the ownership of Sahaviriya Steel Industries 4. The company decided to ‘mothball’ the works in 2015 turning off the furnace for a final time much to local outcry 4. Currently it has come to the attention of STRC who have identified it’s importance as part of their industry-led Regeneration Mater Plan 2.
Steel Sands
-006-008.
Historic maps showing the reclamation of the South Gare & Bran Sands - (Top to bottom) 1850s, 1950s, 1980s - Edina.
-009.
Dorman Long’s iron & steel works - English Heritage.
-010.
Lighthouse situated at the tip of the South Gare - English Heritage.
-011.
Aerial image of the town of Redcar - the iron & steel works can be seen in the distance - English Heritage.
...13
2
1
3 5
4
7
0
100
200
Steel Sands
300
Scale1 :13000
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 m
-012.
Aerial image/plan of site - numbers correspond with photograph & key overleaf - Edina.
8
6 9
10
...15
11 9
10
8
4
6
1 7
3 2
5
-013. 1 South Gare & Coatham Sands
7 Materials Handling Area
2 Bran Sands
8 Former Iron & Steel Works
3 Coke Ovens Area
9 Coatham Marshes
4 Blast Furnace Area
10 Site Entrance
5 Bulk Terminal
11 Redcar Town
6 Sinter Plant Area
Steel Sands
Aerial image of the Redcar Steel Works & Redcar in the background - STDC.
Site Features
4.
4.1 As can be seen from the aerial image (013.) the majority of this site comprises of large open spaces previously used mainly for storing and processing raw materials 2. The site is sparsely populated by large buildings and machinery which are connected by an extensive network of conveyor belts. The blast furnace is the most iconic feature onsite as it and it’s surrounding towers dominate the skyline - the furnace here was the largest in the United Kingdom and second largest in Europe when opened 5. The bulk terminal boasts a 320 meter quay which is measured at 17 meters deep - this is the deepest water on the river Tees and the deepest port on the east coast of the UK 2. 4.2 There is an existing highway and railway infrastructure onsite which connects the site to the external network - an indication of these transport networks can be seen in (014.) overleaf. 4.3 The site is serviced by utilities; electricity, water and gas. Foul and surface run off water are treated onsite before being discharged out at sea 2. An indication of these utilities can be seen in (015.) overleaf. 4.4 The site has a low probability of flooding according to the Environment Agency Flooding Map 6. And is supported by the ‘Bran Sands Lagoon’ to the South-West of the site and a series of watercourse & culverts to the East of the site which flow from Coatham Marshes 2. 4.5 The industrial use of this sites past can almost guarantee contamination although it could localised in areas. Heavy-metal contamination is expected to be worse in the areas around the blast furnace and coking ovens with high levels coal tar, ammonia, phenol, naphthalene, light oil and sulphur expected due to the nature of the work 2.
Continues on page 18... ...17
4.2.1 - Rail & Highway Network Plan Internal Highway Network External Highway Network Internal Rail Network External Rail Network
Steel Sands
-014.
Aerial plan showing existing rail and highway network onsite - Edina.
4.3.1 - Utilities Plan Electrical Supply
-015.
Aerial plan showing existing rail and highway network onsite - Edina.
Water Supply Gas Supply
...19
4. 4.6 There are a number of important national and international, environmental designations assigned to the surrounding areas, some of which encroach onto the site. The areas previously referred to in this report as ‘South Gare’ ‘Coatham Sands’ and ‘Brans Sands’ are encompassed by 3 main designations due to it’s importance nationally and internationally for it’s habitat which supports a variety of water birds 7. These designations are; National Nature Reserve, Special Protection Area (SPA), Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). 4.7 Habitat within the site has been identified as UK Habitat of Principal Importance (NERC Act Section 41) 8 - the neutral and calcareous grasslands support a rich assemblage of invertebrates 7 - mainly large numbers of Grayling Butterflies 2. The area to the north of the Bulk Terminal (7) and east of the Blast Furnace (4) (8) appear to be a continuation of the neighbouring habitat of the adjacent SSSI. It has been stated that these industrial sites along the Tees are the amongst the most important areas for wildlife within the whole of the Tees Valley area 20.
-016-019.
Tables showing recorded species of flora & fauna onsite - page 19. Steel Sands
4.7.1 - Recorded Species of Flora & Fauna
Grassland Species Common
Latin
Marram Grass
Ammophila arenaria
Lyme Grass
Lymus arenarius
Sea couch Grass
Elymus pycanthu
Northern Marsh Orchid
Dactylorhiza purpurella
Early Marsh Orchid
Dactylorhiza incarnata
Fragnant Orchid
Gymnadenia conopsea
Yellow Wort
Blackstonia perfoliata
Knotted Hedge Parsley
Centaurium pulchellum
Rush-leaved Fescue
Torilis nodosa Wetland Species Common
Latin
Sea Wormwood
Artemisia maritima
Lesser Sea Spurrey
Spergularia marina
Lax-Flowered Sea Lavender
Limonium humile
Sea Purslane
Halimione portulacoides
Smallest Hare’s Ear
Bupleurum tenuissimum
Parsley Water Dropwort
Oenanthe lachendii
Great Reemace
Typha latifolia
Birds Bar-tailed Godwit Curlew Redshank Dunlin Grey Plover
Invertebrates
Sanderling
Grayling Butterfly
Ringed Plover
Small Heath Butterfly
Turnstone
Broscus cephalotes Beetle
Purple Sandpiper
Enochrus quadripunctatus Beetle
Oystercatcher
Silometopus incurvatus Spider
Knots
Woodlouse Spider
...21
-020.
Grassland extending into works - Author.
-023.
Bran Sands - Author.
-026.
Natural & Industrial Landscape - Author.
-029.
Structures and rail infrastructure -Author.
Steel Sands
-021.
Freshwater wetlands - Author.
-024.
Woodlouse Spider - Indicia.org.uk.
-027.
Grayling Butterfly - Cumbria-Butterflies. org.uk.
-030.
Grass & Scrub land - Author.
-022.
Coatham Sands & Blast Furnace - Author.
-025.
Teesmouth - Author.
-028.
Wetland/Reedbed - Author.
-031.
Grassland & Industrial Heritage.
...23
Steel Sands
-032.
Redcar Steel Works as seen from Teesmouth National Nature Reserve - Author. ...25
Surrounding Area
5.
5.1 The site falls within the borough of Redcar & Cleveland which encompasses 22 wards sandwiched between the North York Moors and the River Tees. As of the 2013 Census the population in the area was just under 135,000 people, this is made up by a largely white ethnicity of 98.6 % 9 . Map of the borough can be found on page 25 (033.). The area has an issue with high unemployment with almost 3.7% of adults claiming job seekers allowance - this is almost double the national average of 1.9% 9. It is also worth noting that this census was taken in 2013, 2 years before the Steelworks closed for a final time, so these figures could well have increased. The low economic input has led to increased levels of deprivation and the issues related to health & well-being associated with that 9. This is very evident through observation, with clear signs of urban decay.
5.1.1
Redcar & Cleveland
National / Great Britain
Population
134,950
64,130,000
Percentage - White Ethnicity
98.6%
87.17% (2011)
Percentage of working age claiming Job Seekers Allowance (2015) Percentage Working age claiming key benefit (2014) Median Gross Weekly Income by resi‐ dence (2014) Life Expectancy/Healthy Life Expec‐ tancy Male Life Expectancy/Healthy Life Expec‐ tancy Female Percentage of students achiev‐ ing 5 or more A*‐C Grades in‐ cluding English and Maths
3.7%
1.9%
18.9%
12.7%
£477
£520
78.6/59.1 years
79.4/63.4 years
82.0/60.0 years
83.1/63.4 years
50%
56.8%
(2013)
(2014)
-033.
Demographic, Economic, Health & Education Information - Gov.uk.
Steel Sands
A689
6
3
A19
7
V isitor C e ntre
A689 10
A177
A178
8 A1185
A1085
5 127
10
A174 12
0 38 B1
Fla tts L ane V isito r C en tre
3
A135
4
B utterfly W o rld
A172
A19
365 B1
C aptain C oo k's & S ta ithes H eritage C entre
10
A174
5
R o se be rry T op p in g
la ve Cle
y Wa nd
A171
5
6 B126
19
A174
4 2
5
A1044
6 A173
B1366
5
0 38 B1
Cleveland W a y
A171
Le isure Farm
8
9 26 B1
A1027
A67
H e rita ge C entre W oo dland C e ntre
4
A66
Tee s Ba rrag e
A66
A1085
A174
6
10
3
E rrington W ood
6
B
B1269
Visito r C entre
T he M oo rs N atio nal P ark C entre
3
A173
4 26 B1
H ob H ole
16
nd vela Cle y Wa
A19 7 9
A167
ai Gl
Lord S ton es
a le
R ig
g
N o rth Yo rkshire A169 M oo rs R ailw ay B eck H o le
B1257
A172
sd
P ike H ill M o ss
M allyan S po ut
NORTH YORK MOORS NATIONAL PARK B
20
L
W he elda le
-034. 5.2 The site has an immediate connection with the town of Redcar which is situated 2.5 mile to the east - (035.) clearly shows the close proximity of the site & town. To the west, and situated on the river Tees, you have a number of large towns creating a conurbation, made up of Middlesbrough, Stockton on Tees and Darlington. Hartlepool is situated directly across the river. The regional population total is 660,000 with an economic output of ÂŁ11.5 billion per annum 2.
Map of Redcar & Cleveland Borough Edina.
5.3 The site is easily accessible along the A66 which runs east to west of the country and the A19 which runs north to south connecting cities such as Newcastle & York to the area. The A1(M) is 27 miles to the west which connects the area with the south and London. 5.4 The site is situated just off the Tees Valley railway line which runs from Bishop Auckland in the west to Saltburn in the east, with stops at Teesside Airport, Darlington and Middlesbrough - Darlington is a major rail hub within the North East and commuters can reach London within 2 1/2 hours on a number of trains daily. Teesside Airport services flights internationally via a connection with Amsterdam. 5.5 The town centre and former docklands of Middlesbrough, 6 miles to the west of this site, is going through a phase of regeneration and is experiencing some form of renaissance which a committed investment sum of ÂŁ500 million within the area 10. ...27
Steel Sands
-035.
Redcar Steel Works & Coatham Sands as seen from Redcar Beacon - Author. ...29
5. 5.6 The region boasts a number of colleges and one university, the University of Teesside with a population of around 30,000 students 10. Further regional universities can be found in Newcastle, Sunderland and York. 5.7 Newcastle, within the Tyne & Wear borough supports the wider regions tourism with figures of 376,661 tourist visits per year in comparison to Teesside & Cleveland, which draws 54,310 visits per year 11. The North York Moors is situated to the south of the site, and is accessible within 20 miles, this national park draws visitor numbers of 7.93 million per year (2016 STEAM Report) 12. 5.8 The North East has two recognised World Heritage Site (UNESCO) which are Durham Cathedral & Castle and Hadrian’s Wall.
-036-037.
North East tourist attractions, Hadrian’s Wall & the Angel of the North - hadrianswallcountry.co.uk / blogger.com
Steel Sands
Stakeholders
6.
The site and adjoining areas are currently in the ownership of a number of industrial corporations, aswell as the owners, there are a number of stakeholders with a vested interest in the area. I have documented all these parties in the two tables below (036. & 037.) Overleaf is a plan detailing the areas of ownership (0.38.).
Current Land Owners
Current Stakeholders
Sahaviriya Steel Industrial (SSI)
South Tees Development Corporation Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council
Tata Steel Greybull Capital / British Steel
-038-039.
Lists of current land owners & stakeholders.
The Wildlife Trust - Tees Valley Cleveland Golf Club Industrial Nature Conservation Association (INCA) Defra UK Northumbria Water Network Rail Environment Agency RSPB Central Government
...31
0
100
200
Steel Sands
300
Scale1 :13000
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 m
-040.
Ownership plan - Edina.
Greybull Capital / British Steel Sahaviriya Steel Industrial (SSI) Tata Steel
...33
Policies
7.
There currently are a number of policies and strategies regarding the regeneration of the area from a local to national scale. The final two within this list have a very industrial focus but strong points are made regarding connectivity and innovation. Redcar & Cleveland Local Development Framework - Core Strategy - Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council (July 2007) Although this document is now out dated with hugely significant events occurring since its release alot of the emphasis within this strategy matches that of this report - with plans to enhance the boroughs built & natural environment, strengthen to local economy & building upon existing communities.
Tees Valley: Opportunities Unlimited - Independent Report - Lord Hesletine (June 2016) This report is very good at exploring the areas strengths and being honest about its weaknesses in which can accurately inform the areas opportunities. This report explores how the area can utilise both its industrial & cultural heritage for future opportunities, both economically & socially.
Tees Valley Strategic Economic Plan - The Industrial Strategy for Tees Valley - Tees Valley Combined Authority (2016 - 2026) Although this economic strategy is heavily aligned to industrial redevelopment to rejuvenate the local economy. This strategic plan is on a much wider scale and looks at the whole Tees Valley area which encompasses the Redcar Steel Works sites - making strong suggests for educational, cultural purposes aswell as business and infrastructure growth in which to benefit the wider area.
Northern Powerhouse - Policy - HM Government (November 2016) This government proposal is to boost the economy of Northern England as a whole, this would have a massive impact on the area with plans for investment into transport networks for better connectivity, looking to improve education and skill levels to attract invest for growth. All the points covered within the proposal would benefit this vision, with alot of our key aims encompassed within this policy.
-041. Steel Sands
Aerial Photograph of the Steel WorksSTDC.
...35
Issues In a report carried out by Lord Hesletine in June 2016 in which he looked at the Tees Valley as a whole & discussed the opportunities it may look to explore. He describes the south bank of the Tees as desolate and “a memory of industrial activity now gone” 12. Within the report, Hesletine makes a comparison to the stark difference of the north bank of the river which has successfully developed and secured new industrial sectors to the area 12. As previously mentioned in this report, the closure in 2015 has had a huge impact on the local community and economy. It is also questionable if that has had an impact on the reputation of the area globally, as world-class steel makers. Although environmentally recognised, the South Gare & Coatham Sands are plagued with fly tipping, litter and evidence of anti-social behaviour, which does not lend itself to it’s environmental designation. Defra have stated that fly tipping can be potentially dangerous to humans and hazardous to wildlife 14. The area is well used recreationally by people but it’s isolated location will be a major role in the issues stated above. This is a large site, with a significant location both environmentally, industrially and culturally that is currently unused. Although its closure has been classified as ‘mothballed’ which indicates it has future in steel making, there seems to be no future for steel making on this site on the horizon. The recent master plan set out by South Tees Development Corporation looks to destroy alot of the heritage and cultural significance of this site. Although reference has been made to save some of the features such as the blast furnace, the rest of this site will be lost to industrial redevelopment which has no connection or links to local identity and communities.
Steel Sands
8.
Opportunities
9.
As identified by STDC this site has enormous potential for redevelopment. A balance of enhancing the existing features whilst providing new opportunities for development to strengthen this sites sense of place. The scale of this site allows for bold ideas on a large scale - the large open spaces can provide opportunities for new development or new public open space for local communities to enjoy. The opportunity now to connect this space with the community it previously supported is paramount to a successful vision. A vast array of industrial assets occupy this site, this is something to be celebrated and preserved for future generations to understand the importance this site had on steel making and the world - new educational opportunities could develop in which to shape the next generation of people on Teesside. Look at using the sites location and its proximity to a number of tourist attractions i.e. North York Moors - developing the bulk terminal as more than an industrial tool but one that can allow international tourism experience Teesside. Removing the shadow that Newcastle casts over the region. Look into using phytoremediation as a way of combating the evident contamination issue onsite - this is a greener solution which ultimately reduce investment costs. Enhancement of the current surrounding natural environment for the benefits of human and wildlife on an international scale. Creation of new communities to boost the economy within this part of Teesside. Overall the greatest opportunity for this site, is that of the opportunity for a creative vision for a new future of this site that can sustainably secure that future and preserve this landmark at the mouth of the river Tees.
...37
Case Studies
10.
Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park
Germany (51.481698, 6.782890)
Duisburg-Nord roots and that of the Redcar Steel Works are almost identical - it had previous role within the German steel industry which shaped the landscape as it has done in Redcar. The works closed the mid 1980s with the decline of industry in the region. This site was identified as part of a wider scheme, known as International Building Exhibition Emscher Park (IBA) whose aim it was to create an attractive area for new investment 18. They believed that the ‘fundamental ecological base of the landscape has to be restored’ in order to engage and attract the 2.5 million inhabitants within the area 18. The vision for this site was to create a landscape park, ‘the idea was to integrate, shape, develop and interlink the existing patterns’ using the existing features to be ‘interlaced’ within the new landscape 19. One of the aims of this regeneration project was to provide a connection with the community, ‘connecting parts of the town which were separated for decades’ 19. The features were allowed to develop for flexible, modern purposes ‘electrical workshop now served as a training centre, and other buildings that can be used for exhibitions, concerts, or simply for fun and play’ 18 . Other features onsite provided new recreational functions such as rock-climbing and diving within the old ore bunkers, providing creative solutions to entice new users into the park. However successful the transformation of this site and it’s ability to engage with a vast array of users, Peter Latz questions the parks relationship between it’s two main functions, as a ‘municipal open space and it’s importance for tourism’ 18. This suggests that it is important to have a creative vision for the transformation of the site but more importantly a plan for the future to ensure that all its functions combine or work together to create a secure future for site.
Steel Sands
-042-044.
Various photographs- Google.
Salford Quays Urban Regeneration
England (53.471216, -2.293060)
-045-047.
Various photographs- Google.
Although the scale of this project differs slightly, this is a great example of a successful urban regeneration project. The key difference being alot of the heritage and dockland building/ structures were lost in this regeneration but economic turnaround of this part of Manchester has been huge, making it a ‘key growth’ area in Britain 15. However, the similarities allow me to draw inspiration from this vast redevelopment of previously contaminated, industrial landscape. Master-planners, Shepheard Epstein Hunter worked closely with Salford City Council who purchased the decaying docklands from Manchester Ship Canal Company to develop a vision of ‘a waterside city made up of residential, commercial, leisure and recreation buildings’ 16. The water contamination here was seen as a ‘major disincentive’ to potential developers so water quality remediation was put into action 17. Key factors to this success include development of the aquatic ecosystem by introduction of habitat diversification & fish populations 17. These works have seen the water quality transformed from heavily polluted to that of receiving Blue Flag water quality status 18. This has connected the water with the community by hosting a number of swimming and rowing events per annum. This overall adds to the success of this project and the creation of a new urban centre, cultural attractions such as the Lowry & the Imperial War Museum aswell as business centres such as MediaCity coincide with new housing and retail.
...39
-048.
Coatham Sands - Author. Steel Sands
Vision
11.
The vision for Redcar Steel Works is to preserve the heritage and cultural significance of this site by establishing a working ‘museum of industrial history’. This will develop an educational, and cultural hub which will attract new business and working communities. The vision will incorporate the riverside and develop this as tourist gateway to the area, encouraging people to discover Teesside as a new tourist destination. Our vision will dramatically enhance the existing natural environment and allow for an improved space which creates greater transition between industrial heritage and the natural environment. Ultimately the site will be once again connected to the community it forgot whilst celebrating its identity, and allowing for a new identity to flourish for a sustainable future.
---Confident that this vision would succeed to reinvigorate this part of Teesside, we are aware that this vision diverts from the current industrial led regeneration approach for the area. Being aware of this, we understand that investment and cohesion with other parties and investors maybe more difficult.
...41
Aims Our aims to realise this vision are: Identity - Develop a new identity for the sustainable future of this site - the identity will celebrate the sites past and provide a secure future for the people and this part of the Tees Valley. Connection - Create greater connections with the communities lost in the closure, providing skilled jobs and a transformation of places for social, educational and recreational use. Whilst nurturing these connections, the site must establish new relationships and connections with new communities to inspire innovation. Heritage - It’s preservation is a key aim within this vision, this sites significant role in history must be allowed to inspire and educate the future generations of Teesside and the world. Economy - The vision will explore exposing and promoting this area to new tourism and business to excite and benefit from economic growth. Biodiversity - The sites connection to it’s surrounding natural environment will see the enhancement and conservation of the landscape whilst developing new habitats within the site.
Steel Sands
12.
...43
References
13.
1. http://www.bbc.co.uk/tees/content/articles/2007/08/24/360_southgare_feature.shtml 2. https://www.southteesdc.com/masterplan/ 3. https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1000178&SiteName=&countyCode=&responsiblePerson= 4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-34346124 5. https://www.bcd-urbex.com/redcar-blast-furnace/ 6. https://flood-map-for-planning.service.gov.uk/summary/456486/525616 7. https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/741 8. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140605093420/http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/ conservation/biodiversity/protectandmanage/habsandspeciesimportance.aspx 9. http://www.redcar-cleveland.gov.uk/rcbcweb.nsf/87A05CF05161C1F2802570000045E3C6/$FILE/Borough%20information%20factsheet.pdf 10. http://lovemiddlesbrough.com/visitor-info/middlesbrough-means-business 11. https://www.visitbritain.org/nation-region-county-data 12. http://www.northyorkmoors.org.uk/about-us/press-office/facts-and-figures 13. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/527649/Tees_Valley_Opportunity_Unlimited.pdf 14. House of Commons Library - Fly Tipping - the illegal dumping of waste. June (2017). http://www.parliament.uk/commons-library 15. http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/salford-homes-planning-developments-growth-9991294 16. https://www.seh.co.uk/projects/salford-quays-masterplan/ 17. Manufactured Sites - Rethining the Poss- Industrial Landscape - Nial Kirkwood (2001) 18. http://www.apemltd.co.uk/casestudy/salford-quays-water-quality-success-story/ Steel Sands
17. Manufactured Sites - Rethining the Poss- Industrial Landscape - Nial Kirkwood (2001) 18. http://www.apemltd.co.uk/casestudy/salford-quays-water-quality-success-story/ 19. https://www.latzundpartner.de/en/projekte/postindustrielle-landschaften/landschaftspark-duisburg-nord-de/ 20. http://www.inca.uk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/INCA-Activity-2016.pdf
...45
PART TWO
Steel Sands
...47
Steel Sands
Summary
1.
To summarise the findings within the initial site analysis (Part 1), understanding that this substantial site of ecological and economic importance to that of its immediate surroundings is not being utilised to its potential. Linking this site back to the community it abandoned, by creation of new jobs and homes, is paramount to the success and economic impact of both the site itself and the town of Redcar. A number of factors aswell as stakeholders need to be considered whilst we develop this management due to the nature of this site and the significance it has on a multitude of levels. The potential for this site is monumental for a number of new avenues or plans, one identified by the South Tees Development Corporation (STDC) & one which will unfold within this report. Having identified case studies in which redevelopment has been a success, this report will research further into precedent studies which can act as a bench mark in which to educate the reader on key matters on project sites such as this. However, whilst a number of obstacles must be taken into consideration such as contamination, funding and land ownership and the eventual future management of this site to name a few. We hope that this management plan will unfold to detail the viability of this significant and exciting new vision for this unique site.
-001.
Aerial Photograph of the Steel Works & adjoining Coatham Sands - STDC.
...49
Steel Sands
-003.
Zonal Plan - Edina.
Bran & Coatham Sands Habitat Park Port of Tees Residential Development Artisan Tees Museum of Industrial History Steel Sands Commercial Sector Heritage Park Steel Sands Woodland
...51
Masterplan Referring to the plan (002.) on the previous page, our vision will see the site dissected into areas that will utilise the areas strengths & features to shape new identities and the communities within them - see page 13 for more detail. Below is a list of our new designations for each area in which collectively fulfils our vision for Steel Sands. Bran & Coatham Sands Habitat Park.
Providing a better connection to the significant natural environment encompassing the development - enhancing these nationally, and internationally, important habitats to be enjoyed by an array of people and user groups. Using an restoration and expansion approach which will then see this area managed by a vested party with the skill and knowledge base to conserve this important habitat for future generations to enjoy. Links will be provided to ensure vital connections to other areas of the site via green infrastructure, pedestrian and cycle ways. A series of boardwalks will allow all, the opportunity to explore the coastal landscape which we believe is a unique asset.
Port of Tees.
The Port of Tees will see a large redevelopment of the existing bulk terminal to cater for international tourism, development potential of this area will see facilities created support the new users of this space. New development will be architecturally adventurous whilst taking homage to its heritage, utilizing the views over the Tees estuary & adjoining Bran Sands expansion.
Residential Development.
The area has been assigned for residential development due to its flat topography with evidence of little contamination - this space is ideal for a imaginative house building to create a new community to support our vision. This will have a number of positive effects on the area from creation of jobs to new green infrastructure. Our role at SSDT will be to coordinate with the awarded developer to instil our vision for the space and future of this site. Requirement for multi purpose house is a priority that will meet the needs of a variety of people - integrated affordable and social housing will provide new opportunities for local people whilst drawing new people to the area. Another target for this area will be connecting the sites existing habitats via a series of green corridors of newly created, diverse landscapes.
Artisan Tees.
Artisan Tees is the new creative hub for Teesside - we intend on creating a creative hotspot that celebrates the sites history in metal work by attracting crafts people to occupy this space, whilst encouraging new creative ventures to flourish in this space. Creating a supportive network of businesses of varying sizes to encourage a positive economic hub within the site. We envisage that the requirement for skilled labour will provide employment opportunities for those within the surrounding towns.
Steel Sands
2.
Museum of Industrial History.
This zone will see huge investment into protection and redevelopment of the existing structures - the blast furnace will be an enhanced focal point. This venture will see the industrial heritage of this site preserved and promoted for the world - this attraction will provide an educational element to all generations of the importance of industry, not only in the North East but the world over. The blast furnace will be opened up to guests to take in the stunning, surrounding views from the viewing platform whilst becoming a beacon for the area - displayed day & night with a lighting show for ships venturing into port - a magnificent welcome to Teesside.
Steel Sands Corporate Sector.
Large areas of development will see corporate office buildings raise from the storage heaps incorporating existing features into modern architectural design. These spaces will be marketed to national and international corporations that will benefit from the redevelopment of the site and the regeneration of the wider area. This will be a great boost to the regional economy and provider of educated, professional jobs in which can be delivered with strong connections to the neighbouring universities.
Heritage Park.
Taking inspiration from prime examples of parks and landscapes created within an industrial back drop. Principal examples around the globe have provided inspiration of creating a park for people to enjoy whilst having respect to preserve the industrial origins of this site. Spaces for people to walk, play sports, cycle, climb and enjoy performances will be incorporated amongst the existing features so that the sites history is not forgotten and whilst creating a contemporary landscape.
Steel Sands Woodland.
Utilizing the power of phytoremediation our intention is to create an extensive woodland along the site boundary which can be functional in its remediation of some of sites contaminates whilst creating a new habitat for wildlife and a space for users to enjoy. A mixed, coniferous and broad-leaf woodland will be created to combat the contamination with long-term management to develop this area into a mature woodland for the benefit of this habitat to be enjoyed by the users within whilst having a positive effect on the surrounding habitats.
A number of supporting images can be found overleaf which convey our vision for each of these sectors. Links to the relevant area can be found in the coloured bar above the images. ...53
Steel Sands
...55
-004 - 027.
Various Images - Author or other source - see Appendix 1.
2.2 Built Infrastructure.
2.2.1 New built infrastructure will ultimately be designed by the funding corporation or partner and will have to meet their needs and requirements - however, SSDT will develop a ‘Visual and Design Framework’ with the governing planning team as to achieve a site wide architecture cohesion to achieve the vision. Architectural experimentation is encouraged to create iconic buildings to dictate a new sky line to be recognised the world over. On smaller scale builds and seen throughout the residential development a strong, Scandinavian design style (030.) will be utilised to create a modern environment to contrast the existing industrial heritage aesthetic. 2.2.2 Existing features will all undergo a thorough assessment for both structurally and contamination safety. All effort will be made to retain all features and amendments to the masterplan may have to be considered in order to allow this. RoSPA 8 will be consulted during design & implementation of all plans. Landscape architects will be tasked with safely incorporating the existing features within the landscape and developing creative uses for these features within the area vision. Restoration to buildings will be required with creative solutions developed to make this spaces usable for modern uses (029.). Restoration and modern extensions will be encouraged to achieve our overall vision, examples such as the Tate Modern will be used (028.) 2.2.3 The existing highway network will be enhanced along the two main spine roads which cut horizontally through the site - this will coincide with new pedestrian and cycle ways along the same route to navigate the site. Highways within the ‘Steel Sands Woodland’ and ‘Heritage Park’ will have reduced usage with maintenance teams only requiring access. A completely new highway network will be developed for the new ‘Residential Development’ - the government ‘Manual for Streets’ 7 will be consulted throughout the design process. The overall increase in hard surface will be incorporated into the wider drainage plan for the site which will utilise SuDS - see 2.3.2 for more detail. Where additional parking and large areas of hard surfacing is implemented, modern permeable paving techniques will be obtained. 2.2.4 Utilities again will follow the existing network with expansion in areas of large redevelopment only. Foul water treatment and facilities will need to be increase to anticipate higher number of site users. A renewable energy policy will be adopted by SSDT with new developments required to install solar panels where possible - links to the offshore wind farm will be established to harness a green future for the development. 2.2.5 Boundaries will be open around the entire development to allow ease of access for both users and wildlife. Fencing will only apply in the instance of safety, around unsafe structures or dangerous contamination.
Steel Sands
-028 - 030.
Tate Modern - Dezeen Jardin des Fonderies - adh architects Scandinavian Architecture - Pintrest
2.3 Green Infrastructure.
2.3.1 New green infrastructure will transform this site dramatically providing multi functional spaces in which will develop and evolve throughout the sustainable future of the site. A multitude of different green spaces will be created to assist users and wildlife reconnect with this forgotten landscape. Our aim is for all our spaces to be connected using green corridors in which people and wildlife can move freely across this vast site. The ‘Heritage Park’ will use a number of different landscapes themes to transform the space, areas of mown grass for people to sit and play, wildflower meadows can be discover immersed between rail tracks and existing site features for people to enjoy whilst providing a new habitat for pollinators. New woodlands will add an element of discovery to spaces which will continue to change throughout time (031.) With more commercial sectors, landscapes will form social spaces for people to utilise - squares with benches dispersed between street trees and herbaceous perennial planting will provide function spaces for people to host events and performances aswell markets and other community activity. The ‘Australian Garden’ (032.) will become a focal point within the ‘Museum of Industrial History’ sector as a celebration of this sites -031 - 032. connection with Sydney - to be inspired by the works of Taylor Cullity Lethlean, Paul Natur-Park Schöneberger Südgelände Thompson and James Hitchmough. Author Austrailian Garden - Landezine Spaces within the ‘Residential Development’ will orientate around community and the spaces required for them to survive - community orchards, allotments, natural play areas and village green or town squares will appear amongst the properties to sustain this area socially. 2.3.2 Bioswales will feature throughout the connecting green corridors, moving water around the development to create a mosaic of connected habitats as a basis for a rich diverse landscape to meet our one of our aims (033.). The bioswales functionality for flood mitigation is also key to meeting another aim connecting swales to larger ponds, wetlands and finally the river mouth will provide a security against a changing climate on the flat topography of this site 2.3.3 Green roofs will full within the SSDT visual and design guidelines which again will connect the new and existing landscapes as new structures populate the site. This inclusion in the design framework will have a number of benefits on the wider development such as, storm water management, conserve energy, mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce noise and air pollution and increasing biodiversity to name only a few 9. 2.3.4 The existing landscape will be enhanced and celebrated by providing easier access to these spaces and again providing a better connection to the new landscape creating transitional landscapes for users to discover - the surrounding natural environment has a huge importance on an international scale that this should only be conserved, enhanced and expanded.
...57
Timeline
3.
To succeed in a project of this magnitude, this management plan has been developed to span a number of decades. We envisage the regeneration of this site to flourish under an co-ordinated approach to achieve this vision. Wherever possible we will attempt to indicate a time-frame in which this plan will be in accordance to, however, we see the endless possibilities of this site and this plan should adapt continuously to the requirements of the site users and invested parties.
2018
Steel Sands
2020
2025
2030
Land acquisition from current owners to the Steel Sands Development Trust. Secure investment, funding, development opportunities and partnerships. Finalise masterplan design with landscape architects. International marketing campaign to promote opportunities worldwide.
Isolating areas of contaminated land to select locations onsite.
Onsite phytoremediation of the contaminated areas of land to allow development to commence.
Redevelopment of existing structures and construction of new infrastructure to accommodate the requirements of the vision. Aiming for a 2030 completion. Landscape implementation, restoration and management.
Construction or redevelopment of key infrastructure including Railway Station, Port Terminal & new Museum all to open by 2025. Visitor milestone - reach 1 millionth visitor by 2030.
Incorporation of the Cleveland way within the site by 2025.
Clean up and capital investment works on the natural habitats surround and incorporating the development.
Introduction of conservation management organisation to oversee management of Coatham Sands, Bran Sands & additional ecological areas by 2025. ...59
Management 4.1 Overall ownership and management of the site will fall to ‘Steel Sands Development Trust’ (SSDT) who will oversee the transformation of this site. It will be their responsibility to attract investment and development to the site, seeking this locally, nationally and internationally to maximise the potential of the site and the economic rewards of this. This Community Interest Company (CIC) will engage with the local communities and endeavour to oversee this management plan for the benefit of the residents, users and wider public. It will be the intention to approach organisations in which will be secured within a partnership scheme for the benefit of the development within a long term investment & strategy. New green and blue infrastructure implementation and the restoration of the existing natural environment will be funded by money secured by SSDT but leased and managed in perpetuity by a vested land management company such as the local Wildlife Trust who have a presence within the vicinity. SSDT will secure investment and funding to oversee the development of the ‘Port of Tees’, ‘Artisan Tees’ and the ‘Industrial Heritage Museum’ and negotiate leases for those working from them. The museum will be entered into a long lease which will secure the future of the buildings and provide jobs for the local community. 4.2 The only land to be sold within the site will be that of the area assigned as new ‘Residential Development’ - this will secure funds in which can be invested within the development - the house builder will however have to meet the expectations of the vision with regards to the style of the properties to conform with the overall master plan as well as meeting the requirements of the amended ‘National Planning Policy Framework (March 2018) in which a number of affordable & social housing plots will be available. The community engagement & management of the green spaces will fall to the chosen management organisation. 4.3 The SSDT will have an onsite presence to oversee the entire redevelopment and future of this vision - it will be connected to the old & new communities created by being at the heart of all onsite activities.
Steel Sands
4.
4.3 The SSDT will have an onsite presence to oversee the entire redevelopment and future of this vision - it will be connected to the old & new communities created by being at the heart of all onsite activities. SSDT will seek to employ a number of people to fill a multitude of positions which cover a wide breath of specialism. From direction and management to marketing and promotion working alongside the teams responsible for day to day administration and operations on a development such as this. This will provide employment opportunities for local professionals and could work in cohesion with local universities. SSDT will directly employ a grounds team in the region of 20-30 full time staff with additional ‘seasonal’ staff members who report to an experienced Landscape Manager based within the SSDT HQ onsite. This team will be responsible for all open space excluding the ‘Residential Development’ and the ‘Bran & Coatham Sands Habitat Park’ which will be the responsibility of the chosen management partner. Specifications will be set for all these areas and detailed management and maintenance plans to develop this mix of landscapes in a sustainable manner. SSDT will employ a security contractor to keep the place secure and safe who will also have a presence onsite 24/7. An indication of the possible team structure can be seen in figure -51.Appendix 3. 4.4 As 4.4.1 clearly shows, the current usage of this site is limited to a number of parties - the potential for new user groups is endless but as you can see from the list that the new users identified will bring a new identity to the site, securing the future through social and economic factors. 4.5 In 4.5.1 a number of lists have been compiled to showcase the potential external organisations and stakeholders - providing opportunities for a wider audience will benefit the site and the wider area by allowing these potential stakeholders to input funding, guidance and creativity which will help SSTD achieve this vision.
...61
4.5.1 - Potential Stakeholders
Lead Parties Steel Sands Development* South Tees Development Corporation Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council Port of Teesside* National Trust
Health & Sport
Nature & Wildlife
National Health Service
The Land Trust
Play England
National Trust
Sport England
The Wildlife Trust - Tees Valley
Parkrun
Friends of Redcar
People’s Health Trust
The Woodland Trust
Middlesbrough Football Club
Industry Nature Conservation Association (INCA) RSPB
British Cycling The Health Foundation National Trails Cleveland Golf Club
Natural England Environment Agency North York Moors National Park
Tourism & Education Visit Britain Visit England
Arts & Culture Heritage Lottery Fund National Trust Arts Council England MIMA - Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art Tate Visit England Contemporary Visual Arts Network Crafts Council
Community & Place-making Business
The Wild Network
Creative England
Homes and Communities Agency The Land Trust Urban Splash
TripAdvisor UK
North East England Chamber of Commerce Invest North East England
The Tourism Alliance
North East Growth Hub
Ouseburn Farm
Teesside University
Northumbrian Water
The Northern Rock Foundation
Durham University
Northern PowerGrid
Prince’s Trust
Beamish Bemuse
Network Rail
Grow Wild
Visit North East England North York Moors National Park
National Trust Magna Trust Historic England
Steel Sands
Housing Developers
Locality
4.4.1 - Uses & Users
Current Maintenance Staff Security Dog walking Pleasure walking Dirt bike users Fly tippers Ecologist New Tourist destination Communities & Homes New social spaces Dog walking Pleasure walking Shopping and relaxing Indoor & outdoor exhibitions Indoor & outdoor seminar spaces Artists and Crafts workshops/studios Creative Industries National Corporations International Corporations Commercial Enterprises Wildlife enthusiasts / photographers Music & other cultural events Culture vultures Port staff Port visitors Friends of Redcar & new community groups Volunteer groups Cyclists Ecologists Bird watching Food lovers Educational spaces / experience Universities, Colleges, schools & nurseries Sports teams / players
...63
Steel Sands
-033.
Desire lines within the dunes leading to Bran Sands - Author. ...65
Key Issues However ambitious the vision for this site is, no underestimations have been made regarding the obstacles in which are in place which could effect this masterplan and the long term management for Steel Sands. Below are a number of issues that have been identified and considerations and possible solutions to each of these. Funding. As ambitious as this project is, it is achievable - this achievement depends upon multi million pound investment. The location may cause issues as mentioned below, as possibly being considered as less desirable as other places. Seeking the potential investors to look past this and see the opportunity and potential to create a new future for the area aswell as their business. As mentioned within the previous report, funding under this current government is heavily focused on an industrial nature - this is something the STDC are utilising within their current masterplan to secure support and investment.
Isolation. However easily accessible to the local communities of Redcar and Middlesbrough the desire to reconnect this site with the wider community, awareness of limited access nationally and internationally has very much been considered. An aim to integrate the upgrading of the existing railway station, creation of the new ‘Port of Tees’ aswell as eagerly contributing within wider policies in which invest on the North East travel infrastructure such as the Tees Valley Airport, Darlington Railway Hub and the A1(M) motorway improvements 2 would provide a great basis to improve access to the site. The sites isolated location can also been seen as a positive, providing companies and communities with a beautifully unique space to live & work - this is something that should be to promote with the international marketing campaign.
Steel Sands
5.
Contamination. For this vision to be a success the site must be accessible to the public - it has been reported during the STDC site analysis of areas with historical contamination 1. These hazardous areas must dealt with in order to make a safe place for new inhabitants to work and live in a safe & healthy environment. Research indicates that the Coke & Coke by-products are the most likely areas of recent contamination. Initiatives to treat all contaminated soil in-situ for economic value whilst benefiting from the space in which to do so has been incorporated into the masterplan as a landscape for the future. This is something that as this management and maintenance plan develops, will be delved into much within more detail whilst exploring the ideal solutions in which to coincide with this regeneration.
User groups. Using a previous regeneration projects such as Duisberg-Nord as an example, thought has been given to the conflict of interests a number of user groups could present once the site is fully operation. Whilst promoting an attractive development, with numerous opportunities to a number of people, the relationship between these people, the spaces they populate and their usage of the spaces must be in harmony. This is paramount to the socioeconomic sustainability of the development.
Overleaf, you will find identification and a theoretical study of the contamination issue onsite - research has been carried out to highlight a number of potential solutions to the issue which will inform a pragmatic approach to the overall site development. ...67
0
100
200
Steel Sands
300
Scale1 :13000
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 m
-034.
Areas of contamination - Edina.
Coke works & bi-products Iron & steel making & landfill
...69
Contamination Having identified this as a key issue, further research was required to delve further into exploring possible solutions for the areas of contaminations onsite. As indicated on the plan (034.) in reference to our overall masterplan (002.) large proportions of this site fall under heavy, historic contamination which fall within intended areas of redeveloping. It is imperative that all soils and structures within these areas are tested and solutions for remediation are implemented to result in these areas being safe and usable for occupation by humans & wildlife to fulfil the vision. The main intention is to introduce plants to remediate the contaminated soils wherever possible, then approach more traditional methods of industrial clean-up such as digging up and disposing of the waste in hazardous waste dumps onsite or entombing it in place with asphalt or concrete caps may have to be considered 3 when phytoremediation is not possible. This first approach has a number of benefits by remediating the contamination in situ which will simultaneously renew & restore habitats 3 . Having recognise the benefits to this approach, as it has been proven to be cost effective, good conservation of resource and environmentally sound 3 - engaging and accomplishing a number of the aims which will assist with the delivery of this vision. Whilst using initial investigations carried out by STDC as a source of information as to evident contaminates, research has also been carried out into pioneering developments of similar industrial heritage, and steel & iron works in particular. Understanding this will allow the best solutions to be implemented, resulting in an effective, efficient remediate of the site. Conscious that a site specific analysis must be carried out with considerations of both soil & groundwater in which both human and ecological risk must be taken into account 3. The human occupation of this site is paramount to its success whilst recognising that adjacent habitats have an international importance and that this must not be effected. Intensive sampling and testing will be a means of understanding the type, concentration and extent of contamination. To inform this management plan research into precedent studies of remediation of former steel works in Germany, Duisburg-Nord as discussed previously within the site analysis and Vรถlklingen Iron Works which has been granted UNESCO world heritage status as a cultural monument 4. However it must be noted that these two studies considered an approach which looked at reducing the contamination over a number of generations which limited the initial utilization of areas 3. Steel Sands
5.1
Aswell as heavy metal contamination, Duisburg-Nord suffered from contamination of Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons - these are common bi-products of coal when burnt 5. It would be fair to say that these contaminates are more than likely evident here in the area around the old coke ovens, which has been marked on the plan (034.). Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons have been reported as being highly toxic to human beings aswell as wildlife 6 3. This toxin can be known to penetrate soils and buildings which left some areas of Duisburg-Nord inaccessible to humans and wildlife 3. These areas of dangerous contamination must be thoroughly considered within the collaborative design of this masterplan as Kirkwood (2001)3 points out, ‘ we have to ask ourselves which spaces from among the dilapidated and redundant places we want to use and occupy, and which of those have to be changed by the mark of a cultural intervention or the remediation of historical contamination.’ Spaces with evidence of these contaminates can be deemed usable via sealing the contaminates and soil with asphalt or concrete and a coverage of new earth in which to build upon or landscape 3 but as mentioned above, thorough consideration of the intended use of these spaces must be carried out due to the potential risk and the financial implications of all these points upon the entire project. As mentioned previously, the desired intention would be to localise the onsite contamination and apply phytoremediation techniques to the space via the use of living plant material to clean environmental hazards 3 . By introducing phytoremediation within certain areas of the site, it will also create new multi functional spaces by remediating the soil and groundwater whilst providing spaces for people and wildlife to benefit from and a long term time scale. This solution would be over a long term time scale, which would see the process embedded within the design and layout of the masterplan. Depending on the time constraints enforced by development and that of the contaminates onsite, phytoremediation could provide an instant impact or that of a long term process with result varying from between 9 months to 30 years 3 - something that has been considered within the time scales within this plan.
...71
Objectives
6.
Utilizing the couple of the aims of the overall vision, whilst considering the constraints the site presents, the following objective will now inform the management recommendations for the site. Connection. - Create a landscape which is accessible for all users by utilizing existing features and creating new internal & external link opportunities. - Integrate the existing landscape within the development whilst presenting opportunities for new landscape creation to provide connections for people, wildlife and habitats. - Provided a transitional landscapes so that users can experience the two key characteristics of this site - its environmental importance and industrial heritage.
Biodiversity. - Enhance biodiversity in areas, by restoration of existing, complexed habitats through the means of expansion of these areas within the industrial element of the site. - Provide new habitats by the inclusion of more diverse planting within areas of new and redevelopment. Creating multi-functional spaces and habitat mosaics for increased biodiversity & human interaction. - Utilizing phytoremediation for its positive effects on contaminates within soils aswell as it’s long term potential for habitat creation and increased biodiversity.
Identity. - Through transformation and retention of the derelict industrial features on the site, bring about new opportunities for people to establish living and working communities. - Consider the cultural and environmental significance through knowledge, new technological advancements and collaborative design to developed new sectors and therefore new identities for areas within the site. - Enhancement or redevelopment of the existing features will provide a connection for people to celebrate the sites historical identity whilst transforming these spaces for a new future.
-035.
(Opposite) Evidence of historical tipping/identity of the area on the beach at Bran Sands - Author. Steel Sands
...73
Steel Sands
Recommendations
7.
Following on from the objectives devised overleaf the next section will expand upon these points in a strategic and logical approach to produce management recommendations to visualise/describe how these aims will come to fulfilment.
...75
7.1 Connection 7.1.1 Development of Connecting Spaces Following masterplan approval and secured investment. Developers must oversee the implementation of the site masterplan connecting areas of new green and open space to fulfil the landscape architects vision. Cycle and pedestrian network to be incorporated within green corridors. Some funding to be secured utilising government Cycling & Walking Investment Strategy’ Developers must liaise with SuDS specialists to integrate their developments with wider drainage network. SSDT Build Manager to monitor process and standard of SuDS & landscape implementation. Ecologists to monitor biodiversity prior an post implementation and report annually. SuDS Specialist to monitor efficiency and provide further management and maintenance recommendations. Landscape Manager to oversee recommendations from above reports.
SSDT Landscape Architects Investors Developers SuDS Specialists Northumbrian Water Contractors Ecologist (INCA) Parks Teams
7.1.2 Connecting Landscapes Landscape Architects to incorporate transitional landscape within their masterplan. Landscape Manager to oversee transitional areas working closely with ecologists to develop maintenance plan in which the Parks Team will oversee. Once enhancement works of the existing landscape have been completed by yr 7 (2025) then handover to management agency can be completed in which SSDT Parks Team will work closely with where boundaries become blurred.
SSDT Ecologist Parks Team National Trust
7.1.3 Visual Cohesion Develop ‘Visual and Design Framework’ with architect, landscape architects and green roof specialists. Provide guidelines to all architect firms involved with further development. GR Specialists to oversee implementation process throughout the construction of the development liaising with developer’s and their contractors. Ecologists to monitor biodiversity prior and post implementation and produce report. Building/structure owner or occupier to oversee and recommendations within the report
SSDT Architects Landscape Architects Local Planning Authority Green Roof Specialists Investors Developers Contractors Ecologist (INCA)
7.1.4 Creating Access for all Pedestrian and cycle network to be connected to external network with improvement to links with Redcar. Landscape Architects to utilise flat topography of the site to make majority of areas accessible to all users including those with disabilities. Creative responses will be required to allow these users to access the raised walk ways and other existing structures. Level boardwalk network to be constructed through ‘Bran & Coatham Sands Habitat Park’ SSDT Build Manager to oversee implementation and liaise with contractors.
SSDT Landscape Architects Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council National Trust NHS Contractor
7.1.5 Sustainable Transport Network SSDT to liaise with Network Rail and desired architects to achieve new design for the site rail hub incorporating new electric tram system on the existing internal rail network. Funding to be secured from Network Rail, investors and developers all contributing to this transport initiative. Once architectural drawings have been finalised - construction will commence via successful contractor. Landscape contractor to landscape area on completion of the build. Station to be open to the public and live on the network by yr 2.
SSDT Architects Network Rail Developers Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council Contractors
7.1.6 Connection to the National Trail Landscape Architects & SSDT to liaise with National Trails to incorporate an extension of the route to be integrated within the site, utilising the existing natural environment and new landscapes emerging from the industrial structures. SSDT to instruct ground works contractor to carry out extension of the trail to the site. Internal route will be incorporated within developers requirements. SSDT to oversee discussions with OS about inclusion of the extended trail within their maps.
Steel Sands
SSDT Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council National Trails Ordnance Survey Developers Contractors
y
SSDT Investors Developers British Cycling
yrs 2/3 - 10 + yrs 2/3 - 10 + yrs 2/3 - 10 + yrs 2/3 - 10 + yrs 2/3 - 10 + yrs 2/3 - 10 +
SSDT National Trust
yrs 2 - 7
yrs 7 +
SSDT Investors Developers
yrs 1-2 yrs 2/3 - 10 + yrs 2/3 - 10 + yrs 2/3 - 10 +
Numerous meetings a liaising with developers to integrate site requirements (SuDS, pedestrian & cycle network, green space) within their detailed designs. Constant reviews during implementation and construction process to make sure the high standards of SSDT is being adhered to. Ecologists will monitor and record biodiversity prior to implementation and then have a continued involvement as part of the site management plan - reviewed once a year with Landscape Manager and any recommendations incorporated within the management plan. SuDS Specialist will monitor efficiency on a annual basis and have a continued involvement as part of the site management plan.. Landscape Manager to have regular reviews with ecologists and act on recommendations. SSDT to have regular correspondence with perspective management agency (National Trust in this example) and bring them into the process at the easiest possible stage. Landscape Manager to have regular reviews with the NT’s Manager to work together along transitional boundaries. Once framework has been agreed, design team must oversee standards and vision throughout the construction process - liaising with various parties to monitor this over the development time scale. Ecologists will monitor and record biodiversity prior to implementation and then have a continued involvement as part of the site management plan. Landscape Manager to review annually with Ecologist and inform owners or occupiers of any required works.
SSDT Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council British Cycling National Trust
yrs 2/3 - 5
SSDT Network Rail Developers Lottery Fund
yrs 1-2
Coordinated reviews with the multiple parties involved during the design and construction process. Build manager to oversee this process. Landscape Manager to review landscape implementation and handover to Parks Team to maintenance by yr 2. SSDT & Network Rail to oversee management of the station from yr 2.
SSDT Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council Developers National Trails
yrs 2 - 3
On agreement with National Trails, SSDT Build Manager will over see the extension works in collaboration with Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council - monthly reviews of the work will be carried out until completion. Build Manager to oversee developers and their contractors construction of internal route by regular review. SSDT to liaise with OS by yr 5 to inform them of finalised route and incorporation of route within maps published by yr 7. Annual reviews of the quality of the pathways to be carried out by the Landscape Manager and any required works instructed.
yrs 2/3 - 10
yrs 3 yrs 3 - 5 yrs 7
Regular consultation between SSDT and Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council to agree on integrated network. Numerous reviews throughout implementation and construction period to oversee this objective. Landscape Manager to assess quality of network on an annual basis and instruct any repairs when required. National Trust or other management agency to assess boardwalk on a bi monthly schedule and repair any damage when required.
...77
7.2 Biodiversity 7.2.1 Enhancement of Existing Environment Clear up of all tipping through out Bran & Coatham Sands utilising FoR group. Engagement with ecologists, Natural England, RSPB and National Trust as potential custodians to develop a specific management plan in line with Natural England HRA 10 in which the areas will be enhanced between yr 2-7 to an adaptable standard. RSPB to be consulted with view to enhancing dune grassland habitats for rare species of birds. Areas with existing rare plant species to be protected and enhanced via ecologist recommendations. Introduction of plant species (if required) to be overseen by ecologist and carried out by a conservation landscape contractor.
SSDT Ecologist (INCA) Natural England RSPB External Consultants Specialist Contractor National Trust Friends of Redcar
7.2.2 Expansion of Internationally Significant Landscape Coinciding with point 7.1.2 & 7.1.3 Landscape architects will develop in greater detail a transitional landscape in which the existing dune grassland habitat is extended into the site. Works to coincide with 7.2.1 Area that are designated as areas of self establishment will have a maintenance plan assigned as to assist in a more diverse range of vegetation being established. As the landscape transitions into a more amenity/usable space then planting will be carried out by contractor and assessed by Landscape Manager - maintenance will then become responsibility of Parks Team.
SSDT Landscape Architects Contractors Parks Team Ecologist (INCA)
7.3.2 Monitoring and Enhancing all Habitats All habitats (new & old) to be monitored and assessed prior to development, restoration and enhancement. This process will continue throughout the development and following completion. An annual report will be produced which will inform the annual review of the management plan and recommendations actioned up in an updated maintenance plan.
SSDT Ecologist (INCA) Parks Team Developers / Owners
7.2.4 New, Diverse & Sustainable Landscape Creation New habitats will be created within all areas of redevelopment as part of the masterplan envisaged by the Landscape Architect. These works will be carried out by contractors on instruction from the relevant developers. All implementation works will be monitored by the Landscape Manager. On completion, the management of the landscape will fall to either the Parks Team or The Lands Trust for green space within the ‘Residential Development’.
SSDT Landscape Architects Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council Developers Parks Team The Lands Trust
7.2.5 New Habitat Creation Bird and bat boxes, bug hotels and any other habitat creation requirements as part of the planning process will be a requirement for all Architects and Landscape Architects to incorporate within their designs as part of the ‘Visual and Design Framework’. Developers to implement this. To be monitored by the Ecologist in perpetuity. Maintained by relevant maintenance teams in perpetuity.
SSDT Architects Landscape Architects Developers Contractors Ecologist (INCA)
7.2.6 New Woodland Creation On site designated woodland - Steel Sands Woodland to be formed with contaminated soils from various locations around site. Specialist consultants to oversee land form works in which will locate heavy, dangerous contamination within the centre of the woodland. Tree species to be chosen on efficiency to remediate specific contaminates and planted in those locations. Areas of more dangerous contaminates will be fenced off to eliminate human access. Consultants to monitor phytoremediation process. Ecologist to monitor and review habitat and work with consultants to enhance biodiversity in the area. Landscape Manager to oversee the recommendations via the Parks Team.
Steel Sands
SSDT Specialist Consultants Woodland Trust Contractors Ecologist Parks Team
SSDT Investors National Trust
yrs 2-3 yrs 2 - 7 + yrs 2 - 7 + yrs 2 - 7
Due to a number of vested parties, numerous meetings, consultation and reviews of progress will be arranged by the Landscape Manager - post tidy up utilising the local volunteer group. Recommendations from external consultants and ecologists to be documented within annual report and acted upon by specialist contractor until handed over to management agency (National Trust) in which all responsibility will be assigned to them.
SSDT Investors
yrs 2/3 - 10 +
Reviews of landscape establishment and creation will be carried out by Landscape Architects and Landscape Manager throughout the process. Ecologist will advise on any recommendations with annual report to be acted on by Landscape Manager.
SSDT National Trust Lands Trust Developers
yr 2 - 10 +
Annual review with ecologist onsite, 2 - 3 days looking at all habitats and instructing recommendations via the Landscape Manager.
SSDT Investors Developers
yr 2/3 - 10 +
Landscape Architect to consult with SSDT and R&CBC during design and planning application phase. LA, SSDT to oversee implementation of masterplan via regular consultation with relevant developers. Landscape Manager to oversee landscaping implementation works throughout construction phase. Landscape Manager to review management of all landscapes at regular intervals once implemented with management & maintenance teams and ecologist.
Developers Investors
yr 2/3 - 10 +
Landscape architects and Architects to incorporate this with their designs. Build & Landscape Managers to make sure this is implemented during construction. Managers to make sure maintenance is carried out where required and act on any recommendations advised by site ecologist.
SSDT Woodland Trust Investors
yr 2 - 10 +
Soil transportation and land forming to be overseen by consultants utilising specialist contractors. Tree planting & fencing to be instructed by the consultants and carried out by contractors. Woodland Trust to advise during this process. Regular reviews of the landscape discussing both remediation and habitat to be carried out as a long term objective. Landscape Manager to instruct any works to Parks Team with onsite reviews.
...79
7.3 Identity 7.3.1 Renovation of Existing Features Thorough assessment of all structures onsite by a contamination consultant and structural engineer to highlight any building or structures unsafe for human inhabitation or use. Information to be provided to the landscape architect and architects to incorporate into the masterplan at the design phase prior to 7.1.1. Landscape architects and architects must devise creative new uses for these structures and buildings within the ‘Visual & Design Framework’ with particular thought given to the ways these new communities will use the space and features within them. Landscape Architects and Architects to provide detailed renders & visualisations of these structures/buildings/ features to be used to market the concept internationally to potential investors and developers. Build Manager to oversee all works carried out by developers throughout the construction phase.
SSDT Specialist Consultants Structural Engineer Landscape Architects Architects Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council Contractors
7.3.2 Visual Identity Development and Marketing Campaign Attract interest in the relevant audiences and investors of the sectors drawn up in Section 2 of this management SSDT plan. Brand Consultants Visual identity of areas will be drawn up by external graphic designers via Brand Consultants who will adapt Graphic Designers designs and styles to suit the target audiences - these brands will be adapted to all print and digital media. Through thorough, well constructed marketing campaigns seek investment from the stakeholders internationally as mentioned in 7.3.1.
7.3.3 Development of Communities and Reformation of Spacial Identity Community space and flexible areas for people to populate and use for various functions and uses as a site policy which will be enforced through the ‘Visual & Design Framework’ in which all landscape architects and architects must adhere to. Cultural identities of these spaces aswell as the wider population will be all need to be considered. Post construction users will be encourages to host events such as markets or performances in the spaces. SSDT will organise and host a number of events within these spaces also as to develop these spaces and their identities and the communities within them.
SSDT Landscape Architects Architects Users
7.3.4 Celebration of Historical Identity Key structures/buildings/features are all to be retained by all means possible following 7.3.1- if contamination or structural insecurity rule them uninhabitable then they must be made inaccessible to retain their heritage value and presence onsite. Larger, more significant structures/buildings or features will be utilised as focal points with the masterplan design process incorporating as much user interaction as possible. Structures/buildings/features all the be incorporated within the ‘Heritage Park’ by the landscape architects to allow user to engage more closely with the identity of the sites past - creative uses for some of the features will be developed whilst immersing the structures/buildings/features within the landscape to provide users with an element of discovery. The Blast Furnace’s dominance on the skyline will be celebrated day & night by establishing a lighting show to display this unique structure during the evening & at night - making this a true focal point for new visitors to recognise and identify with the site. SSDT team will work closely with the ‘Museum of Industrial History’ and other partners to establish an events calender celebrating to the sites historical importance and impact on the wider community.
Steel Sands
SSDT Landscape Architects Architects Developers Museum of Industrial History Visit England
SSDT Developers Investors
yr 1 yr 1 - 2 yr 2 - 10 +
SSDT
yr 1 - 2 yr 1 - 10 +
SSDT Developers
yr 1 - 2 yr 2 - 10 +
Regular reviews must be carried out during the inspection and assessment by specialist consultants and engineers - information must be translated and made clear to landscape architects and architects during design phase. Review during marketing campaign - updating renders to photographs on completion of certain structures or developments. Regular consultation between developers and their contractors with the Build Manager and his team during construction to achieve this objective.
SSDT to oversee design process and make sure visual identities and created to meet their vision. SSDT will consult with Brand Consultants constantly throughout the marketing campaign which will be on an international scale to draw investment. Brand campaign will be ran in-house once the whole site has been completed (target - 2030) advertising the site to potential new users and tourists. SSDT to oversee vision in design process with landscape architects and architects
yr 2 - 10 +
SSDT Investors Museum of Industrial History Visit England
yr 1 - 2
yr 2 - 5
Regular reviews during the assessment and design stage to make sure all considerations and solutions have been carried out. Landscape Manager to regularly assess management of ‘Heritage Park’ with his team to make sure it is adhering to the area vision. SSDT to review lighting display on an annual basis with views to changing or updating lighting display a numerous times over the year to meet specific dates within the local, nation and international calender. SSDT to develop events calender with other partners and groups on an annual basis.
yr 2 - 10 +
...81
Steel Sands
-036.
Pathway formed between the grass sward a top of the man made dune at Bran Sands- the beach can be seen to the right and the dune grassland to the left Author.
...83
Steel Sands
-037.
Bran Sands and coke piles storage area identified as ecological enhancement and conservation area- Edina.
...85
Maintenance Area A 8. Bran & Coatham Sands Habitat Park - Expansion Within the site masterplan, the area edged red has been designated for expansion of the existing, significant natural environment creating a transitional landscape and assisting connections of that habitat into the industrial core of the site. The vision is to allow the area currently used as coal slag storage to naturally establish itself around designed boardwalks utilising management/ maintenance assistance & intervention. This section will provide some technical research into dune restoration and establishment which will then inform the maintenance plan for the area creating a dune grassland to meet a number of the wider aims. 8.1 As pointed out in section 4.7 of the previous Site Analysis document, much of this area falls under special designations - it is imperative that these regulations and restrictions must be adhere to. It would be the intention of this management plan to adopt procedures in place within these designations and apply that to the areas of expansion as to achieve the highest standard of habitat conservation management. Natural England’s have produced a list of European site conservation objectives specific to Tessmouth & Cleveland Coast SPA 12 referring to Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 11- this provides a framework to inform any Habitats Regulation Assessments (HRA) 13 which is a necessary requirement prior to any works. 8.2 The current area has a flat topography used as slag or coal waste storage (038.) - the boundary to Bran sands is a mound of slag which has self established with the local vegetation. It would be fair to assume that the soil fertility will be considerably low due to the brownfield designation of the site 14. Via assessment of the existing vegetation it reaffirms the point made above of the low fertility soils as the characteristics of the existing vegetation appears to be that of acidic grassland species as seen in the image (039.). Acidic grassland favours soil with a pH between 4 and 5.5 which are known to develop on superficial deposits such as sands and gravels 15. The acidic qualities of the soil & the existing vegetation of sedges, tussock grasses, rushes and low scrub all accumulate in creating this wet dune grassland 16. This creates a hugely valuable habitat for breeding and passage birds 17 which has been recognised with the SSSI designation.
Steel Sands
-038 -039.
Slag piles currently cover the expansion site & acidic grassland established adjacent to the above - Author.
8.3 Initial works prior to any habitat establishment would consist of landform to maximise the diversity of the habitat. Depressions, mounds and small ponds will be designed to benefit wildlife diversity 18 whilst creating a more engaging landscape profile for human users. A series of more naturally formed wetlands provide a valuable introduction to meet the aims set out for habitat enhancement 18. Inclusion of these features will provide the opportunity to develop more complexed habitats than what is already present.
-040 -042.
Snapdragon, Harebell and Bearded Iris all present in the grasslands of Coatham Sands - clevelandandcoast.org.uk.
8.4 There are a number of approaches to consider to replicate the existing grassland habitat. Time being the main indicator to decide which technique is chosen at Bran & Coatham Sands Habitat Park in line with the management recommendations. ‘Natural Colonisation’ is one approach which could be adopted. This technique will allow for the most natural habitat establishment and appropriate to the site conditions 15. However natural colonisation tends to be a very slow process 15 which would not meet the time frame set out within this management plan - this technique could be utilised in more remote areas away from development which would allow for natural establishment of this habitat. An alternative approach would be ‘Green-hay Strewing’ which would allow for the maintenance teams to locate diverse swards within the neighbouring ‘donor’ site on Coatham Sands, cut the sward and seed as hay and then spread the hay in the desired locations on the receptor site 15 . Management would have to consider the effect the decomposition material would have on the soil composition as a soil infertility must not be compromised - hay would have to be removed following seed dispersal 15. This technique has a great number of benefits such as a closer match can be made between the new and existing grasslands and the grasses will be of native genotype; it will also help to keep transport costs to a minimum 15. As mentioned, the ideal donor site on Coatham Sands already provides a diverse ecosystem of wildflower which should be utilised as seen in (040 - 042.). 8.5 Management is paramount for a successful vision for the site with important management recommendations for this specific area to meet the overall management aims and objectives. Management and maintenance is key to ensuring this new landscape is successful and meets all the conservation requirements of the designations of the land in close proximity 15. Research has identified two techniques which may be suitable for the management of this landscape once established. ...87
Cutting - commonly used due to its effectiveness of vegetation removal. This effectiveness can cause a conflict of interest in a more conversational environment due to its potential to have detrimental effects on invertebrate populations 15. Cutting is highly beneficial in controlling the sward and vegetation diversity by effectively removing dominant and/or unwanted species through targeted cutting 15. As well as its effectiveness cutting also process the benefit of providing a neat, even cut in which vegetation is kept to a uniform height & structure maybe more suitable in areas with more public engagement or usage 15 where perceptions must be considered. Once cutting has been carried out, it is key that all cuttings are removed as Croft & Jefferson point out ‘if cuttings are not removed they are likely to smother new growth and, as they decompose, nutrients are released which may encourage coarse competitive species’ 19 . Grazing - is a more conversational technique to maintaining this landscape due to a less damaging effect on the habitat. Consideration should be made to the species of grazing animal (Cattle or Sheep) and the suitability of their grazing with the vegetation species present which will then in turn affect the structure and aesthetic of the sward 15. Heavy trampling grazers such as cattle have the ability to open up the sward creating gaps for wildflowers 15 19 to establish which is advantageous in creating a more diverse ecosystem. Grazing must only be introduced on an established grassland due to uprooting which can occur if the root system has not developed sufficiently enough to withstand grazing 15 19. A conflict of interest must be consider before implementing a grazing regime with regards to the livestock-recreation interactions - a study in California has looked into the compatibility of this by exploring creative ideas in which land managers can implement to a concurrent strategy to be mutually beneficial whilst sustainably managing the land 20. However overarching both these maintenance regimes is the seasonal or time frame restrictions which may apply due to breeding or nesting birds. 8.6 Long term management and the effects of a changing climate have had to be considered and researched before designating this area as a grassland expansion - having consulted the ‘The implications of climate change for the management of the UK’s Special Protection Areas (SPAs)’ 21 - the climatic conditions are predicted to become more suitable for the UK’s SPAs for a number of breeding birds 21. More stress tolerant species are expected to change the structural composition of the sward (predicting a shorter sward height) 21 which could result in considerations being made with regards to the most suitable grazing species of animal.
Steel Sands
-043.
- Self established wetland, scrub and grassland - Author.
...89
8.7 Maintenance Plan 8.7.1. Year One - Litter Removal Removal of all structures & foundations. 80 % of waste to be removed off-site remaining 20% to remain in situ and be incorporated within the land form construction. Initial, thorough site wide tidy up/ litter pick & removal of any fly- tipping. Parks Team to oversee volunteers & Friends of Redcar group and supply each member with a hand held litter picker and numerous bin bag liners. 500 skips to be delivered, filled & collected over the 2 1/2 weeks - this will be then taken to a recycling plant and anything that can be recycled will be. Parks Team to make all dangerous objects on Bran Sands beach safe via removal or taking down to ground level. Angle grinder will be supplied and additional 10 skips to oversee removal of any additional material to be recycled. Safety caps to be fitted onto any re-bars/iron rods unable to be removed or made safe. Parks team to work with specialist contractor to remove litter within the deep water lagoon using crane and lift out basket. Additional 10 skips will be provided to remove the waste from site to be recycled. Litter pick along pathways, thoroughfares, the beach and vehicle tracks to be carried out by the Parks Team on a weekly basis on completion of all of the above. Thorough whole site litter pick to be carried out annually each winter.
Fly tipping or excess litter to be removed to the skip in maintenance yard as soon as identified 8.7.2. Year One - Land Form Parks Team to install 5 signs throughout Bran Sands informing members of the public of impending works and vision for the area. Assist the ecologist in setting out marking their designs onsite with line marking spray paint for the future wetland scrapes and mounds. These land form works will be carried out by a specialist contractor. Assist in land form creation by flattening of the ‘boundary’ mound to connect the new and existing landscapes. Excavators to be supplied by Landscape Manager and to be used by a trained driver only. Remainder of the Parks Team to assist using shovels and rakes to even out the land form. Any large pieces of waste or litter will be incorporated in the new mounds. Following land form completion by Parks Team & Specialist contractor - Parks Team under supervision of the ecologist are to mark out with line marking spray paint and coloured stakes the desired location of the new boardwalk which will navigate the whole site leading from the new welcome centre/car park. Consideration will be made to nest locations or suitable nesting spots to make sure human disturbance is avoided 19. 8.7.3. Year One - Fencing Set out areas of existing vegetation to be fenced off - using a tractor mounted post knocker or hand help hydraulic post knocker to drive into the soil, 590 fence posts (strainer & intermediate) set at 3 meters apart. Fencing should be constructed in straight lines and be strained between strainer posts. Strainer posts should be used at each end of the fence and at least every 100m. Straining posts are to be dug in to a depth of at least 90cm, properly rammed, firmed and strutted in the line of the fence. Intermediate stakes are to be driven into the ground to a minimum depth of 55cm at 2.7m, intervals, in line with the posts 22. Attach chestnut paling to all fence posts using stables making sure tension is achieved at all times. Set out electric fencing around areas A & B (037.1 - Appendix 2) in anticipation of live stock. A 2 wire fence will be required to contain cattle grazing within these areas. Installing step in posts set at 3 meters apart. Run poly rope and wire between all posts at 2 different heights and connect with the solar panel power source installed at the new welcome centre/car park. Voltage to be set at 3,000 volts for cattle 23 24. Install temporary signage every 10m along the fencing to warm members of the public of electric fencing and possible dangers. 8.7.4. Year One - Existing Vegetation Management Parks Team & Ecologist to identify any invasive non-native species in accordance with the The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 - Section 14(4A) 25. If identified then the Landscape Manager will implement a plan of treatment to be carried out by the Parks Team and to be monitored by Landscape Manager & Ecologist. Park Team to identify areas of invasive species such as bramble (Rumex fruticosus). Using strimmers cut back to the stem on 60% of bramble locations, leaving approx 30cm above ground. Dig out the stump and root system, removing as much of the below ground parts of the plant as much as possible. All cuttings and waste to be removed from the area 26. Return to area(s) in spring & remove any seedlings by hand 26. Remaining 40% of bramble scrub is to be coppiced using hand-held, heavy duty strimmers in February & cut on a 5 year rotation 29. Volunteers to assist with task.
Steel Sands
5 Once - Immediately on transfer of ownership
Contractors
144
43,809m
Twice - over 2 months First winter after transfer of ownership
Parks Team Volunteers Friends of Redcar Skip Provider
120
Entire Area 600,000m2
Once following initial tidy up
Parks Team Skip Provider
72
46,528m2
Once - following above
Parks Team Specialist Contractor Skip Provider
35
8,263m2
Weekly - Perpetuity or until informed otherwise
Parks Team
17.5
N/A
Once per annum
Parks Team Volunteers Friends of Redcar
87.5
Entire Area 600,000m2
N/A
Parks Team
N/A
N/A
Once - Winter
Parks Team
5
N/A
Once - Spring/Summer
Parks Team Ecologist
17.5
313,916m2
Once - Spring/Summer
Parks Team
280
2,655 lm
Once - Summer
Parks Team Ecologist
17.5
Entire Area 600,000m2
Winter / Spring
Parks Team
105
1770 lm
Winter / Spring
Parks Team
87.5
1476 lm 1153 lm
Spring
Parks Team Ecologist Landscape Manager
14
Entire Area 600,000m2
Winter (October - February)
Parks Team Volunteers
Unknown
Unknown
Spring
10
15
20
2
...91
With Ecologist identify areas of mono-cultures of dominate, undesirable grassland species. Mark these areas of with coloured stakes driven into the soil using a mallet for monitoring purposes. Under instruction from the Ecologist carry out a early cut to these areas in June if no breeding birds are evident, if so then carry this cut out-with the bird breeding season in from the 15th July (15 March-15 July) 19 27. Grass sward should be cut back to a height of 40-75mm 27 . Where possible cut these areas with a tractor mounted drum or disk mower or on uneven ground & smaller areas use operatives with hand-held, heavy duty strimmers 19 27. Cuttings are to be raked up and removed to a designated compost area onsite within the following week to reduce seed head dispersal. Following the mid- summer cut above carry out an additional 2 autumn cuts before the end of November to suppress and grass growth & assist with encouraging wildflowers 27. Again mow to maintain a sward height of 40-75mm using a rotary, flail or other suitable mower 27. If any cuts produces a significant amount of arising, remove them within the week as above. If weeds such as docks (Rumex) and thistles (Cirsium) are evident then they must be cut or topped several times a year using either a hand-held strimmer or long handled garden shears 28. Cuttings are to be removed from the area and should be removed to the designated compost area onsite. Volunteers to assist with works. Identify with the Ecologist areas within the reed beds where species such as juncus effusus have become too dominate 19. However, bearing in mind the benefits of habitat as nest sites birds such as Snipe, Redshank and Curlew which are all evident onsite 19. Mark areas out with coloured stakes driven into the soil using a mallet for monitoring purposes. Cut in early August following the bird breeding season using hand-held strimmer or long handled garden shears to cutting to a height of around 15 cm - this will usually reduce the vigour of rushes 19. Volunteers to assist with works. Although mainly open scrub is evident onsite - identify dense areas of scrub that threatens to encroach on grassland habitat with the Ecologist. Implement a coppicing plan to coincide with cattle grazing of the area which will suppress regrowth 19. Any required coppicing is to be carried out ideally in February prior to the bird nest season ((March – July) 29 using long arm loppers & secateurs. 60% of the waste will require removing from site and could be chipped and used as mulch in other areas of the site - the remaining 40% can be used to form a limited number of habitat piles which can be added to on the rotational copping years 29 - 15 year cycle 29. Cut all dense swards/tussocks within Areas A,B & C using a tractor mounted rotary, flail or other suitable mower 27 to a sward height of 40-75mm. Thin open swards, that stand well and retain interest 27 to be left until September to allow late flowering species to seed 27. If terrain is uneven then hand-held, heavy duty strimmers will be required. All cuttings or arising should be collected within the week after cutting - utilise volunteers for this task - all cuttings to be removed from site. Install movable water troughs in various locations within A & B as this is a requirement for cattle whilst grazing 19 - piping system to have been installed by specialist contractor to various locations throughout the site. Troughs to be moved with quad bike & filled at nearest tap during periods of drought. Install 10 signs on posts along main thoroughfares & the entrances to Bran Sands to inform public of cattle with information regarding the breed & its role in conservation. This sign should be accompanied by another requesting dog walkers keep their dogs on the lead at all times to avoid conflict between the cattle & their pets. Introduce a cattle grazing regime for conservation purposes to areas to Areas A & B following completion of fence installation 8.7.3. Shetland cattle will be the selected breed & 23 cattle will be used to graze the 11.5 hectares (115,000m2) over the 16 weeks winter period 19. Summer grazing (July - September) to be introduced in year two in combination with winter grazing. Under instruction from the ecologist troughs are to be moved on rotational cycles of intervals of 3-4 weeks to move cattle around the area to ensure areas are not over or under grazed - mineral licks are to be introduced when the troughs are moved to encourage movement of the cattle 19.
Steel Sands
5 Summer (June - July)
Parks Team Ecologist
October
70
15
20
Unknown
70
Several times per annum
Parks Team Volunteers
35
Unknown
August
Parks Team Ecologist Volunteers
35
Unknown
October - February
Parks Team Ecologist Volunteers
Unknown
Unknown
Summer (July - post nesting season)
Parks Team Volunteers
35
160,000 m2
Summer (September)
10
70 Autumn
Parks Team
3
N/A
Winter
Parks Team Volunteers
10
N/A
Winter (November - April)
Parks Team Farmer
2
50,000 m2 65,000 m2
Spring
Parks Team Ecologist
7
N/A
...93
8.7.5. Year One - Vegetation Establishment Ecologist to identity species-rich areas within the donor site on Coatham Sands over multiple trips over the spring & summer in Yr 1 Parks Teams to make these locations with coloured stakes driven into the soil & mark on a plan with ideal cutting times due to different seed shedding times 30 & entered into a 3 year cycle. 8.7.6. Year Two - Vegetation Establishment Locations within Area D furtherest away from central hub and highly used pathway network to be marked/left for self establishment or natural colonisation. Ecologist and Parks Team to make these areas out by driving colour stakes into the soil for monitoring purposes. Parks Team to prepare Area D or the recipient site for green hay strewing by spot-spraying or wick wiping any perennial & annual weeds 30 within the entirety of the area using a nap sack & glyphosate based herbicide. Apply applications as required to radiate the weeds throughout season. Locations identified in yr 1 within the 3 year cycle will be cut as flowering plants are beginning to set seed 30 by operative using hand-held strimmers. The arisings or hay must be raked up and transported to the recipient site within 1-2 hours post cut 30. The hay can be tipped on the bare ground on the recipient site & spread using forks for a even covering 30. This task is to be repeated every summer for the first 5 years to assist in establishment using the locations on a 3 year cycle to keep species diversity on the donor site 30. 8.7.7. Year Three - Vegetation Establishment Pull by hand or ‘top’ any perennial or annual weeds before the come into flower using hand-held strimmers or more a traditional swing blade technique with volunteers. Monitor through spring & summer and weed when required. To be carried out every year as required until weeds as weed control. 8.7.8. New Vegetation Management Cut areas in year 2 after green hay strewing as flower & seeds will have now developed 30. Cut using a tractor mounted rotary, flail or other suitable mower 27 to a sward height of 40-75mm if applicable. Remove cuttings after seed heads have dispersed - volunteer assistance. Introduce grazing as per 8.7.4. in year 3-5 as the vegetation will now have established enough to withstand grazing 19.
Steel Sands
5 Spring / Summer
Parks Team Ecologist
10 (2 hr x5)
N/A
Winter
Parks Team Ecologist
3
Unknown area within 308,000 m2
Spring / Summer
Parks Team
17.5
280,000 m2
Summer (July - August)
Parks Team Volunteers
7 per cut/trans- Unknown port & spread
Spring/Summer
Parks Team Volunteers
14
280,000 m2
Summer (July) - Yr 2
Parks Team Volunteers
70
308,000 m2
Summer & Winter - Yr 3-5
Parks Team Farmer
N/A
308,000 m2
10
15
20
...95
Steel Sands
-044.
New train station & transport gateway to the site - Edina.
...97
Maintenance Area B 9. Train Station Redevelopment Within the site masterplan, this existing train station has been earmarked for redevelopment into one of the site key transport gateways. The vision will be to redevelop this area to a high civic space standard with central square for meeting and relaxing alongside the new contemporary station building whilst enhancing the existing landscape to remain at the heart of this redevelopment. Design, construction and implementation of both the hard and soft landscaping with be carried out externally - maintenance will fall to the Parks Team on completion in yr 7 (2025). A team from within Parks Team will be static within this area with 2-3 staff members under a management of a supervisor. Therefore this maintenance plan will be from yr 7 onwards.
-045 -046.
Good example of a train station redevelopment at Otahuhu station, NZ. - architecturenow.co.nz
Steel Sands
-047 -049.
Existing train station within naturalised grass and scrub land - Google.
...99
9.1 Maintenance Plan 9.1.1. Litter Thorough litter pick of all the open space. First task of every morning. Staff to be supplied with hand held litter picker and numerous bin bag liners to oversee this task. Waste to be taken to recycling plant. Litter pick tree belt & scrub land once per month - Access maybe limited in summer months. Staff to be supplied with hand held litter picker and numerous bin bag liners to oversee this task. Waste to be taken to recycling plant. Volunteer assistance if required. All litter & recycling bins are to be emptied as the first & last task of every day. Solar powered bins to alert operatives to any additional emptying. Waste to be taken to recycling plant. Any dangerous items such as needles etc should be reported to supervisor & disposed of correctly. * If events are being held onsite and there are increased users of the station then increased frequency of all of the above will be required. 9.1.2. Hard Standing Sweep the hard-standing immediately outside of the station building using heavy duty 24” broom. Following litter pick, respond to any broken glass, soiling etc immediately - clean and dispose of correctly. Spray any emergent weeds using a nap sack & glyphosate based herbicide - Pa1 Pa6 qualified operatives only 31. Use in the correct conditions. Apply ‘spot spraying ‘applications as required to eradicate the weeds throughout season. External contractor to attend once a year to clean stone/ hard standing with high pressure washer to retain design aesthetic and remove gum. 9.1.3. Street Furniture / Benches During daily litter pick task, operatives must ensure all street furniture is clear of litter & hazards and clean of any liquids, soiling etc. External contractor to attend once a year to clean furniture. Any damage or faults of the street furniture must be reported to supervisor or management immediately. If hazardous or a potential then operative must make safe and cordon off from public using yellow & black barrier tape until resolved. Any graffiti identified must be reported to supervisor or management - removal to be carried out within the week by external contractor. Any racial or offensive graffiti must be reported & removed immediately using graffiti removal kit from within the station office. 9.1.4. Lighting Lighting bollards, pillars & columns are to be monitored and any faults to be report to supervisor or management for repair. 9.1.5. Water Features / Fountains Make sure the water features are clear of obstruction & clear of litter on a daily basis. Report any faults or failures to supervisor or management. 9.1.6. Amenity Grass During the growing season, grass within a 20 m distance of the station building will be cut on a weekly basis. Cut to be carried out operatives using hand operated cylinder mower cutting grass to a height of 10-12mm. Clippings to be caught behind within catch-bin. 32. Grass out width the 20m margin will be cut on a fortnightly basis using rotary mowers and cut to a 10-12mm & never allowing the height to reach a tolerance of 100mm. Arisings to be left in situ. 32. Mow a mown pathway through the scrub grassland using a ride on mower with a 54’’ cutting deck after agreeing with the ecologist the least intrusive route. Refrain from cutting areas of bulb planting until foliage has died back - usually around mid to late May. Any grass treatment is to be arranged when required via supervisor & management
Steel Sands
5 3 - 4 + - daily.
Parks Team
1 per pick
9,000 m
1 - monthly
Parks Team Volunteers
4
8,000 m2
2 + - daily
Parks Team
1.5
8,000 m2
N/A
Parks Team Volunteers
N/A
17,000 m2
Unknown
Parks Team
Unknown
8,0000 m2
1 - weekly
Parks Team
2
3,000 m2
Unknown
Parks Team
Unknown
8,000 m2
March - October
Parks Team
1
8,000 m2
1 - annually
Contractor
Unknown
3,000 m2
1 - daily
Parks Team
0.5
N/A
1 - annually
Contractor
N/A
N/A
N/A
Parks Team
N/A
N/A
N/A
Parks Team Contractor
N/A
N/A
1 - weekly
Parks Team
N/A
N/A
1 - Daily
Parks Team
0.2
N/A
N/A
Parks Team
N/A
N/A
1 - weekly
Parks Team
4
1,500 m2
2 - monthly
Parks Team
2
1,500 m2
2 - monthly
Parks Team Ecologist
1
7,000 m2
1 - May
Parks Team
N/A
450 m2
N/A
Parks Team
N/A
N/A
10
15
20
2
...101
9.1.7. Grassland / Longer Grass Pockets of retained grassland are to be cut in July over the space of a week using hand-held strimmer or bush cutter 32. Cuttings are to be raked off and removed using volunteer assistance within week of cutting. Larger areas of retained grassland + scrub land are to be cut over the space of a week using a tractor mounted flail 32 where access allows - cut as above if access is difficult. Cuttings are to be raked off and removed using volunteer assistance within week of cutting. 9.1.8. Herbaceous Planting Late winter to spring cut back of herbaceous material within designated beds following autumn & winter attraction 33. Operatives to use hand-held hedge trimmers to cut & volunteers using garden shears. Waste material is to be raked off & removed from site. Post cut back apply a glyphosate based herbicide - Pa1 Pa6 qualified operatives only 31 to any emergent weeds using a wick-wipe application 32. Top up bed mulch on a biennial (once every two yrs) using coarse granular material such as pea gravel, this should be topped up to a depth of 150mm & no less than 100mm 32. Division maybe required to some species & will be carried out on a three year basis 34. For spring flowering species carry out this task in summer (June-August) & for summer flowering species carry out this task in spring (March-May) 34. A garden fork will be required to lift the plant and divide by hand or with a sharp knife 34. Volunteer may assist with this task. 9.1.9. Scrub Identify dense areas of scrub that threatens to encroach on grassland habitat with the Ecologist. Any required coppicing is to be carried out in February prior to the bird nest season ((March – July) 29 using long arm loppers & secateurs. 60% of the waste will require removing from site and could be chipped and used as mulch in other areas of the site - the remaining 40% can be used to form a limited number of habitat piles which can be added to on the rotational copping years 29 - 15 year cycle 29. Identify areas of invasive species such as bramble (Rumex fruticosus). Using strimmers cut back to the stem on 60% of bramble locations, leaving approx 30cm above ground. Dig out the stump and root system, removing as much of the below ground parts of the plant as much as possible. All cuttings and waste to be removed from the area 26. Return to area(s) in spring & remove any seedlings by hand 26. Remaining 40% of bramble scrub is to be coppiced using hand-held, heavy duty strimmers in February & cut on a 5 year rotation 29. Volunteers to assist with task. 9.1.10. Single or Groups of Trees Apply a glyphosate based herbicide - Pa1 Pa6 qualified operatives only 31 to any emergent weeds within the tree circle at the base of the tree. Depending on tree size a minimum diameter of 1m should be kept weed free & a minimum of 2m for larger stock 33. Mulch the tree circles around the base of the trees using an organic mulch of wood chips as weed control 32/33 . Mulch to a depth of 80120mm 35 on an annual basis. Apply mulch after application of glyphosate. Structural pruning which is to be carried out between years 1-10 32 will target any poorly-angled branches 32. Operative to cut branches using long reach telescopic saw or tree pruning saw ensuring not to cut flush to the trunk or branch. Pruning works are to be carried out mainly in the winter months but check species information for ideal pruning time before carrying out any work 36. Crown raising or reduction maybe required to trees when they have reached maturity from 20 yrs + 32. Report any hazardous or dangerous limbs/branches to supervisor or management & works will be carried out be a qualified tree surgeon 32. 9.1.11. Tree Belt Apply a glyphosate based herbicide - Pa1 Pa6 qualified operatives only 31 to any vegetation around the base of all young tree stock. A minimum 1m2 should be kept clear of vegetation around each tree from yr 1 to yr 3 33. Keep mulch around the base of each young tree to a minimum of 100mm using coarse chopped bar or wood chip 33. Selective thinning & coppicing is to be carried out between very 6-10 yrs under instruction from the ecologist 33. Clearing along pathways maybe required very 6 years to ease users insecurities 33. Task is to be carried out using long reach telescopic saw or tree pruning saw.
Steel Sands
5 1 - July
Parks Team Volunteers
35
1,500 m2
1 - July
Parks Team Volunteers
17.5 - 35
1,500 m2 7,000 m2
February
Parks Team Volunteers
21
600m2
February - March
Parks Team
2-3
600m2
February - directly after cut
Parks Team
7
600m2
March - May June - August
Parks Team Volunteers
14
600m2
February
Parks Team Ecologist Volunteers
7
7,000 m2
Winter (October - February)
Parks Team Volunteers
Unknown
Unknown
March - April
Parks Team
2-3
N/A
March
Parks Team
7
N/A
Winter
Parks Team
Unknown
Unknown
N/A
Parks Team Tree Surgeon
N/A
N/A
Spring
Parks Team
3-4
1,500 m2
Winter
Parks Team
7 - 14
1,500 m2
Winter
Parks Team Ecologist Volunteers Community Groups Local Schools
7 - 14
1,500 m2
Spring
10
15
20
...103
Conclusion
10.
To conclude this management plan, emphasis should be made on the importance of securing the sustainable future of this site for the site, the local community, international wildlife and Teesside itself. The vision and its aims have been developed to provide strong working objectives which will assist this vision in coming to fruition whilst providing overarching targets provide key links to local & national policy. The significance of this site, on a multitude of levels, really is the key finding from this analysis which has been fully considered whilst developing the vision and the future management of this site. This is something that has been recognised and celebrated throughout - utilising this sites assets & heritage to inform its future. Even though this plan could be seen as ambitious, this report has explored and recognised a number of potential issues that would be present during the implementation of this plan. Through research into precedent studies and solutions, it indicates that these obstacles can be overcome by good management and a clear vision. We call for those to consider this vision as a sustainable future of a post-industrial icon, understanding its history whilst encouraging collaboration and unity with the wider industrial community on Teesside rather than rely on it.
-050.
Aerial Photograph of the iconic blast furnace - STDC.
Steel Sands
...105
References
11.
1. https://www.southteesdc.com/masterplan/ 2. http://roads.highways.gov.uk/programmes/smart-motorways/ 3. Manufactured Sites - Rethining the Post - Industrial Landscape - Nial Kirkwood (2001) 4. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/687 5. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-03/documents/pahs_factsheet_cdc_2013.pdf 6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779902019431 7. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/341513/pdfmanforstreets.pdf 8. https://www.rospa.com/ 9. http://www.greenroof.hrt.msu.edu/benefits/index.html 10. http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/8740045 11. UK9006061-Teesmouth-and-Cleveland-Coast-SPA-V2.pdf 12. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/490/contents/made 13. http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/6619918699069440?category=4698884316069888 14. https://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/fcin091.pdf/$FILE/fcin091.pdf 15. https://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/LRU_BPG16.pdf/$file/LRU_BPG16.pdf 16. https://sussexwildlifetrust.org.uk/discover/around-sussex/wetland-habitats/grazing-marsh/species-poorwet-grasslands 17. English Nature’s views about the management of South Gare and Coatham Sands Site Scientific Interest (SSSI) 2005 18. https://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/FCBU110.pdf/$FILE/FCBU110.pdf
Steel Sands
19. Crofts, A & Jefferson, R G (1999) - The Lowland Grassland Management Handbook - 2nd Edition - English Nature / The Wildlife Trusts 20. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550742416300768 21. The implications of climate change for the management of the UK’ Special Protection Areas (SPAs) - 2011 - Appendix 4 of the Climate Change Impacts on Avian Interests of Protected Area Networks (CHAINSPAN). Malcolm Ausden, James Pearce-Higgins, Andrew Dodd & Alison Johnston. 22. http://www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/78862/stockproof-fencing.pdf 23. https://www.countrywidefarmers.co.uk/t/how-to-install-electric-fencing 24. http://www.agri-supply.co.uk/pages/Cattle-Fencing.html 25. http://www.nonnativespecies.org//index.cfm?pageid=67 26. https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=256 27. https://wildseed.co.uk/page/management-of-meadows-and-grassland 28. https://www.buglife.org.uk/sites/default/files/B-Lines%20fact%20sheet%203%20-%20Wildflower-rich%20 grassland%20creation_0.pdf 29. http://www.suffolkwildlifetrust.org/node/12630 30. http://www.magnificentmeadows.org.uk/assets/pdfs/Restoration_using_green_hay.pdf 31. https://tkftraining.co.uk/pa1-pa6-training/ 32. Cameron, R & Hitchmough, J (2016) - Environmental Horticulture - The Science and Management of Green Landscapes - CABI 33. Hitchmough, J & Fieldhouse, K (2004) - Plant Users Handbook - A Guide to Effective Specifying - Blackwell Science Ltd 34. https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?pid=363 35. https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=979 36. https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=233
...107
Appendix one -004.
Duisburg-Nord - latzundpartner.de.
-007.
Natur-Park Schöneberger Südgelände Author.
-010.
Zollverein Park, Germany - planergruppe-oberhausen.de.
-013.
Zollverein Park, Germany - planergruppe-oberhausen.de.
Steel Sands
12. -005.
Duisburg-Nord - latzundpartner.de.
-008.
Zollverein Park, Germany - planergruppe-oberhausen.de
-011.
housing - landezine.com
-014.
The Steel Yard - landezine.com.
-006.
housing - dezeen.com
-009.
Camley St Natural Park - kingscross. co.uk
-012.
Franklin St Heritage Area - archpaper. com.
-015.
Duisburg-Nord - latzundpartner.de.
-016.
Marshall’s Mill, Leeds - historicengland. org.uk.
-019.
Natur-Park Schöneberger Südgelände Author.
-022.
Harbour Quarter Square, Netherland landezine.com
-025.
Coastal Path - twitter.com
-017.
The Steel Yard - landezine.com.
-020.
Bethlehem Steel Stacks Arts + Cultural Campus - landezine.com
-023.
Bethlehem Steel Stacks Arts + Cultural Campus - landezine.com
-026.
Green roof - sftool.org
-018.
Skip Garden, London - carocommunications.com
-021.
Zollverein Park, Germany - planergruppe-oberhausen.de
-024.
Dunkeld + Birnam Community Orchard youtube.com
-027.
Gasholder Park - gasholder.london
...109
Appendix two
12.
Area C
Area B Area D
Steel Sands
-037.1.
Area locations in relation to maintenance plan - Edina.
Area A
...111
Appendix three
Steel Sands
12.
-051.
Exploration of a possible staffing structure for SSDT.
...113
Special Project LSC6005 Sam Marshall Landscape Management University of Sheffield
Steel Sands