Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
Sylvia Levy
Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11 Sylvia Levy American Literature Period 7 Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
By Sylvia Levy
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Introduction On September 11, 2001, al Qaeda, a radical Islamist group based in the Middle East, staged an attack on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center. The terrorists involved hijacked four passenger planes and crashed two into the World Trade Center and attempted to do the same for the pentagon. However, the heroic Americans on Flight 93 that the terrorists were aiming to crash into the Pentagon rebelled and the plane crashed in an open field in Pennsylvania. In total, this attack, being the first on American soil since Pearl Harbor in World War II, killed almost 3,000 people and has changed the course of American diplomacy and life in general (“Government”). As a result of these attacks, America has changed for good. The Patriot Act passed during George W. Bush’s presidency and other laws have restricted some of the freedoms of Americans in the form of drastically increased security in airports and other public places (“USA”). Socially, the results of 9/11 are complex. Many Americans have come together to unify the nation against terrorists. However, some have become more suspicious of their Muslim neighbors. The paradox of these two trends seems both impossible and plausible because of human nature (Perkins). Furthermore, the 9/11 attacks have spurred artists, musicians and writers to stress how horrific and potent that day was for recent American history. These individuals believe that it is necessary to remember this event, because it reminds Americans that our seemingly perfect, safe country has some massive security holes in it. Although the attacks happened more than a decade ago, it still is a massively important part of what students learn, what the government does and how American life is in general. My interpretation of the effects of 9/11 is different from those who were living in America at the time. Even in London, however, what happened on that day was hard-hitting. As a five year old
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Introduction - 2 who did not remember living in America, I was very confused throughout the whole day, but the only thing that I remember was my Mother and my best friend’s parents crying. Today, I know what happened on that day and understand its effects not only on America, but on the whole world. For example, when I lived in London, the Prime Minister Tony Blair got involved with Bush’s war in Iraq against incorrectly suspected atomic weapons. As a result, and this is from what I remember, Britain became disillusioned with Blair. I feel that like my experiences living in London and later in Singapore give me a broader perspective on the effects of 9/11, because as the daughter of an expat in foreign countries, I began to appreciate how special being American was to me. Living in Singapore, I learned that the term “Third-Culture Kid” (TCK) describes me and means that I am culturally confused. But I disagree, because being out of the country just made me want to come back. In 2009, when my family finally came back to America, I had so many different identity questions, but the one thing I knew was that I was American. Because that part of my identity was so crucial for so much of my life, the prospect of another 9/11 makes me very concerned. Another attack would drastically change America again and maybe for the worst. I have organized this multigenre research paper in to three separate parts; one for each of the major effects of 9/11. After the Timeline, I included a song to eerily introduce readers into this topic and outline for them in a more artistic way what this paper is truly about. First, Part I conveys both the horror of that specific day and the subsequent fear that has arisen among Americans. Because this fear spurred both unity and disunity, I decided to delve into this paradox in Part II, stating it both simply in a haiku and complexly in a narrative. Lastly, Part III focuses on the overwhelming grief that all Americans felt after this event. I decided to use a book format for this paper to convey the solemn importance of this event and its effects. Although I initially planned on presenting this as a website, I decided not to, in order to retain the literary integrity of pieces about such a horrific event. Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Table of Contents Pg #
Section
Citations
Introduction
See In-Text Citations
2
9/11 Timeline
(“Government”, “National”, “Osama”, “Sept. 11, 2001”, “USA”, “9/11 Memorial”)
5
I Remember A Time Song
6
Part I: Fear
7
Journals of a Falling Soldier
(“USA”, O’Brien)
8
Once Poem
11
The Day Song
12
Part II: The Paradox of Unity Mo Narrative
13 (Perkins, Tindongan)
A Question Poem
14 17
Part III: Grief
18
Mourners Anonymous Script
19
“Phaseology” Poem
23
Works Cited
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9/11 Timeline 9/11/2001 7:35 – Flight 11 Hijackers Board 8:14 – Flight 11 is Hijacked 8:14 – Flight 175 Hijackers Board 8:20 – Flight 77 Hijackers Board 8:42 – Flight 93 Hijackers Board 8:42 to 8:46 – Flight 175 is Hijacked 8:46 – Flight 11 Crashes into the North Tower of the World Trade Center 8:50 to 8:54 – Flight 77 is Hijacked 9:03 – Flight 175 Crashes into the South Tower 9:28 – Flight 93 is Hijacked 9:37 – Flight 77 Crashes into the Western side of the Pentagon 9:57 – Passengers on Flight 93 begin their attempt to sabotage the terrorist attempt at crashing into the Pentagon 9:58 – South Tower of the World Trade Center Collapses 10:03 – Flight 93 Crashes in Somerset County, Pennsylvania as a result of the passenger resistance. 10:28 – North Tower of the World Trade Center Collapses 2/1/2001 – Patriot Act is passed by congress under President George W. Bush. This involved the strengthening of U.S. federal control over its citizens and possible terrorist intervention. 5/30/2002 – Recovery and cleanup of ground zero ends and construction of the 9/11 memorial begins. 9/12/2011 – National September 11 memorial opens. 5/2/2011 – Osama bin Laden is killed in Pakistan by U.S. counter-terrorism forces under President Barack Obama. (Osama bin Laden was the leader of al Qaeda during the 9/11 attacks up until his death.) 6/8/2012 – Today we still see the effects of this nearly decade old horrific terrorist attack. Americans feel the possibly intrusive effects of Bush’s Patriot Act and may feel safer now that bin Laden is dead. However, every day a new threat could arise to threaten American security.
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I Remember A Time A Song We were a people of colors, of life So much history, so much passion, so much might We came together through the pain and strife But now it’s gone away, with all the ash and all the light I remember a time when the broken twisted in time I remember when our people had love and no line But now we’re gone, flailing in the wind We’ve left our old life with no beginning or end Our children sleep alone, with no soul at home And parents wonder why there’s no end in sight But we all know why passion’s turned to dust It’s the grieving and changing that’s affected all of us I remember a time when the broken twisted in time I remember when our people had love and no line But now we’re gone, hammering out the sins We’ve left our old life and cannot begin Now those who pray Who float in the sea Who love to love and love to live Come sing with me... We are those who must come to live in this world The life we lead must prove to be what our children need But now, in strife, we must focus on Leading those around us to accept what’s going on I remember a time when the broken twisted in time I remember when our people had love and no line But now we’re gone, flailing in the wind We’ve left our old life with no beginning or end
What you are hearing is a recording I made of this song on my acoustic guitar based on Taylor Swift’s melody in “Safe and Sound”.
Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Part I: Fear Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Journals of a Falling Soldier 9/11/2001 22:00 Something terrible happened today. Liutenant Brooks told us all about it but I still don’t completely understand. All I know is that everything has changed. My bunkmate, Casey, told me that we’re gonna have to fight. I don’t want to believe him, but I have to. Our platoon is probably going to when
go into the Middle East if Bush declares war. I did not expect anything like this to happen when I signed up to be in the army in my senior year of high school. I only thought about the money it would provide for a college education, because my parents didn’t have any means of sending me off to get a degree. Now my whole life pivots on that moment where I signed a slip of paper. I get why we’re probably going to war, but I’m gonna have a hard time accepting it.
9/12/2001 03:00 I can’t sleep. Casey is snoring and muttering about machine guns, and it’s creeping me out. I just can’t stop thinking about what Brooks said: “Be prepared for anything.” He gave us a talk (right after I’d finished that last entry) to try to make us feel more aware, but it really only freaked us out. Even Nate, the heavy weapons guy, who is usually really stoic, was shaken. He kept telling me that his girlfriend back home liked the color purple. I could tell that he was really scared. Later, Casey showed me a picture of his house and said, “I hope I see that place again.” Why does he have to purposefully make me feel anxious. Anyway, tomorrow, Brooks told us, is going to be a “normal day,” but I don’t think that’s possible. All of us are scared to our wits end about possibly leaving the base and losing our lives because of a war. My flashlight is running out of battery, so I’m going to have to stop here. Hope tomorrow is “normal.”
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Journals of a Falling Soldier - 2 9/12/2001 13:00 After our typical 07:00 morning briefing, Lieutenant Brooks took me aside and said he wanted to know why I was up so late at night. After I told him that I just needed to go to the bathroom last night, he said: “We’ve got a lot of work to do, and I don’t want you wasting any of your precious time awake when you could be resting up. Now get to artillery training.” After that, my whole morning was weird. For one, Nate didn’t tease me about my “small” hands once and Casey didn’t punch me when I cut him in the mess hall line, which is our tradition. At lunch, we didn’t talk. I tried to eat really fast so I could get out of there as quickly as possible, because the guys were being really uncomfortable. When I got back to my bunk, my Mom had called. I didn’t call her back because I knew what she would say and I didn’t want to hear the truth in it. When I’m ready to talk to my family, I’ll call. I can only hope that they understand.
9/12/2001 23:00 Brooks couldn’t make it to the debriefing at our bunks an hour ago, and instead of getting ready to sleep, the guys stood around wondering why the Lieutenant wasn’t there. Casey said that he was with the President talking about football. We all knew he was kidding. Nate wondered if Brooks went home to his girlfriend. But we all knew what he was really doing: planning what to say to us when he had to tell us that we were probably going to die.
9/18/2001 22:00 Every day for the past week has been the same: meeting after breakfast, some sort of training, lunch, break, more training, dinner, debriefing and then sleep. All of this over and over again. It’s a wonderful life, isn’t it? Anyway, I feel like we’re in a dream and when we wake up the world will be destroyed; everything I knew will be gone. I still haven’t called my family back. I wonder how they’re Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Journals of a Falling Soldier - 3 taking it. I mean, they know I’m alive and well, but they must be worried about how I feel. Not Dad, though, he thinks that I have a tough impenetrable shell, that I am a pure soldier and nothing else. I guess he is proud of me; for volunteering for the army, getting some awards and being admitted to Oberlin. But he doesn’t really understand that I am human, I feel, and I am very afraid. I just have no one to talk to. Do I talk to Casey? Brooks? Mom? They will all say the same thing: nothing.
9/20/2001 21:00 Yesterday, when I was down in the medical wing doing a favor for the Lieutenant, I met a girl named Annie. She is a medic/nurse and helped me find what Brooks needed - I’m not sure what it was, probably painkillers. Anyway, I think we’re friends now, because after she helped me, we both said the same thing: What are you going to do after you get out of the army? Really, neither of us meant it; we both knew it was pointless to ask because we were going to war. Right after that moment, I knew that I could talk to her about what I felt and she could talk to me. We felt the same way and both needed a confidant. I hope being friends with her for the time being makes me feel better.
9/23/2001 22:00 For the past few days during lunch, Casey and I have been sitting with Annie and her medic friends. After eating with them, we usually go our separate ways, but today Annie asked me if I could show her the training rooms. I brought her around, told her about what we did in each room and she didn’t really care. She just wanted to talk. I’m not going to write about exactly what we talked about, but after talking with her, I decided to call my Mom. So, I called her a few hours ago. I said “Hello.” She said “Hello? Who is this?” I didn’t reply. She knew it was me and we stayed on the phone for 10 minutes not knowing what to do, or say but thinking the same thing. I’m going to war. After the call, I felt better, and now I can focus on other things, like staying sane. I’m really happy that I met Annie. Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Once The woman in her chair - ash and dust suffocation and pain and a slow sense of death
The man on the street - breathing in what he hopes not to be his comrades in unity
The child watching at home - falling into the street beneath the concrete
The couple at the restaurant - holding each other flashing eyes soft looks and hard thoughts
Death at the brink of destruction hope lost in the blink of an eye
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The Day A Song Glass is breaking all around me But it’s too late to try They know I’m up here crying And I just don’t know what to do His mouth was wide open Staring at the floor Looking at the phone he dropped An expression of horror But if your heart is full Of sorrow and doubt You can remember my eyes And the way we talked all the time Her coat covered in dust Ash spilling out of pockets Her children’s embrace as she gets home Her husband’s worried look fades He decided to take a picture of it The falling, the dying Did he realize That it would haunt the minds of those to come? But if your dreams are empty And your fists are closed You can remember my eyes And the way we talked all the time Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Part II: The Paradox of Unity Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Mo or Unplanned Confusion This is a story about a teacher, a class and a boy. They come from different places, different worlds, but are the same. While you are reading this, keep in mind the things that each character has had to face during this crisis. Also, be sure to notice the portrayal of the teacher figure as both a growing character and as a role model. Every day for the two weeks after that day, Mohammed, a kinder-gardener in my class has been out. Since the terrorist attacks on 9/11, his parents have kept him at home to protect him. They knew what would happen if he came to school. The kids in North Cape Elementary are usually accepting of differences, but their parents aren’t. After that day, all of the teachers knew that we had to watch out for kids like him, but I didn’t need to after I realized that he wasn’t coming back. Two days ago, though, he came. Because I hadn’t planned anything, I didn’t know what to do, so I decided to teach what I’d planned to teach; an art lesson. Initially, the kids didn’t notice that Mohammed was in school. Most of them had forgot who he was and that he was in their class. At first, this made me feel more comfortable, but when I realized what could be in store for him, I began to get worried. After I explained the project, the kids got to work. Although I had planned for them to do it in pairs, I decided to make the kids work alone, so as to not ostracize Mohammed. I guess that didn’t work. His eyes, jet black and pulsing, were so awake, I could feel it. And I knew his heart was beating so fast. He had nothing to worry about. He had everything to worry about.
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Mo - 2 When I asked Melissa, Tommy and Jake to make room for Mohammed at their table, none of them objected. The thing is, none of them said anything. When I was a kid, I remember watching the school bully harass a powerless African American kid. I wanted, needed to help him, but I just couldn’t do it. That night, as a child, I had a revelation: that cruelty manifests in those who are ignorant. After that, I vowed to do whatever I could to stop that kind of cruelty from happening. In school that day, I knew that my teenage vow would affect me. But I could only hope that none of the kids would understand why I was scared for Mo. I was afraid that I would have to ruin the innocence of the kids in my class. When Tommy got up to go to the bathroom, I sat down between Jake and Mohammed and I asked them what they were painting. Jake said, “A snake” and Mohammed said nothing. His paper was blank. I could tell that he was scared, as his parents had probably warned him about the possible bullying that he could have to face. When I asked Mohammed why he wasn’t painting, he did not reply and I knew something was going to happen. Then, Jake said, “Yeah! Why can’t you paint?” Right as I was about to interject, Andy came over and said, “He can’t paint!” Melissa looked up at me. She knew that the boys didn’t understand what was going on. But I knew that she also didn’t have the slightest idea. I knew that she wouldn’t understand. Right as I was looking into Melissa’s eyes, some of the kids started to naively talk about what they heard from their parents about kids like Mohammed. I knew what was happening and I knew I had to stop it. But how? I heard “My Mommy said that people who look like Mo are bad.”
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Mo - 3 And I said, “Everyone, please listen.” As soon I got their attention, I asked the kids about what they knew about people like Mo. I know now that Julie’s and Nick’s fathers told their kids that Muslim people like Mo are not to be trusted. Mollie’s Mom told her to stay away from people like Mo. Andy’s Dad told him that Mo’s friends hurt lots of people. And much more. I was dumbfounded. I froze. Then Melissa said, “What’s wrong Mr. Carter?” “I’m fine. Don’t you worry,” I said. “Why are you asking us these questions?” “Because I want to know why all of you are judging Mo before you get to actually know him,” I said. Then I did something that I knew was risky. I asked Mo what he thought about all of this. I knew he wouldn’t say anything, but eventually I got something out of him. “I don’t like it,” he said. “What don’t you like?” “My family and friends didn’t try to hurt anyone. My Mommy and Daddy didn’t want anything to happen... Why does everybody think that I’m bad?” After that, I knew that the kids were confused. And so was I. Rightfully so.
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A Question A haiku
This country today trust and hope unite us now but are we really?
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Part III: Grief
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Mourners Anonymous A Stage Play
Four women are sitting around a coffee table. A few are holding their cups so tightly that they are losing circulation in their fingers. One that seems like the group leader sits up, ready to begin a meeting of sorts.
MAGGIE: Girls, lets begin. (She pauses and looks around the circle. Maggie knows that what they
will talk about is a difficult subject.) This past month we’ve each set some important goals. Let’s go around the room and state each of ours. I’ll start. My goal was to think about my husband once every day in a positive way. Meaning that it does not disrupt my every-day life. What about you, Bea?
BEA: This month I decided to focus on my kids. They have it worse than I do, so I tried to comfort them while showing them that I am both strong and sad.
FELICIA: Since I didn’t do so well last month at my last goal, I continued working on it this past month. I tried to comfort my Mother because she was even more devastated than I was when my sister died.
MAGGIE: And Violet, you’re new to our circle, what made you decide to meet with us
VIOLET: Okay. Hi everyone, my name is Violet, i’m 32 years old. ( She pauses, trying to regain
strength.) I’ll just get into it. After 9/11, I felt that my life was over. Both my boyfriend and best friend had passed and I had no one to talk to. For the past seven months, I have had an aimless Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Mourners Anonymous - 2 existence. A few weeks ago, when my brother called, he told me that I had to make a change. So, I found Maggie and joined your group.
MAGGIE: Welcome, Violet. I’m so happy you could join us. I feel that this group brings some improvement to each of our lives, no matter how much. Just to explain what we do: every month we meet and discuss our last month’s individual life goals, to see if we met those goals or not. Then we create new goals for ourselves and record them in our book. So, Violet, let’s make a goal for you.
VIOLET: Okay. So, what do you want to know?
MAGGIE: (Thinks for a few seconds and then says,) Well, what do you think you should change about your own life?
VIOLET: I’m not sure, because there are so many things...
MAGGIE: What do you feel is the largest issue?
VIOLET: Well, whenever anything reminds me of what happened, I can’t act normally for the rest of the day. I feel so immature whenever that happens.
MAGGIE: Violet, that’s completely normal. Each of us has had a similar issue. I remember, at the beginning, whenever something reminded me of him, I would go home, shut off all the lights and cry. (She pauses to compose herself.) What do you think you could do to change that?
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Mourners Anonymous - 3 VIOLET: I’m not really sure. The thing is, I want to remember them and think of them a lot, but without getting upset. And I can’t just completely stop grieving. That’s just impossible.
BEA: I remember when that happened to me, I could barely speak to my kids without crying or freaking out, because they reminded me of my husband. Whenever I felt that I was about to have a breakdown, I tried to hug or embrace my kids. After that, I would feel blessed to have incredible kids and feel inclined to be a supporting mother.
FELICIA: It was hard for me at first, too. When anything reminded me that my sister was gone, I would close up - become unfeeling. After the first few months, though, I began to cope with my grief. I took up yoga, meditation and art classes. Those things helped me by both relaxing my body and mind and helping me to remember my sister in a positive way.
MAGGIE: See, Violet, there are so many things that can help you feel better about your life while still remembering your passed loved ones. So, what do you think?
VIOLET: I think I’ll start this month trying to calmly distract myself from my sadness by doing activities that I enjoy, but still try to remember them. (She pauses. They all are looking at her intently.) Oh, I still don’t know if any of this will work.
MAGGIE: Ah, Violet... (She does not know what to say.)
VIOLET: I just don’t know how I’m going to deal with this. (A tear rolls down her cheek, smudging
her makeup.) Sorry. Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Mourners Anonymous - 4 BEA: Violet... (She has nothing to say. Bea walks over to sit next to Violet and embrace her.)
The scene ends with all of the women hugging, some crying, some without emotion. Viewers feel a sense of loss and hopelessness.
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“Phaseology� First, denial; avoidance doubt, naivete realization is impossible Second, anger; red hate, cruelty comprehension of the world is horrific
Third, bargaining; regression impossible hopes a dream world is created
Fourth, depression; loss a black hole existence life is pure nothingness
Fifth, acceptance; understanding inner peace and comfort final solace is achieved
is acceptance what we yearn for? true acceptance is so impossible unimaginable unattainable but true Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Works Cited "9/11 Attacks." News. Web. 16 May 2012. <http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/sept_11_2001/attacks/i ndex.html>. â&#x20AC;&#x153;9/11 Memorial Timeline." 9/11 Memorial Timeline. Web. 29 May 2012. "9/11 Memorial: Tribute Art & 9/11 | OER Commons." 9/11 Memorial: Tribute Art & 9/11 | OER Commons. Web. 31 May 2012. <http://www.oercommons.org/courses/9-11memorial-tribute-art-9-11/view>. Adams, Ryan. "My Blue Manhattan." Rec. 9 Dec. 2003. Love Is Hell Part 2. Lost Highway Records, 2003. MP3. "Al Qaeda." PBS. PBS. Web. 15 May 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/alqaeda.html>. Bajoria, Jayshree. "Council on Foreign Relations." Council on Foreign Relations. 6 Oct. 2011. Web. 15 May 2012. <http://www.cfr.org/afghanistan/taliban-afghanistan/p10551>. Barooah, Jahnabi. "Gay Catholic Icon Rev. Mychal Judge." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 25 Aug. 2011. Web. 20 May 2012. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/25/gay-catholic_n_937205.html>. Beder, Joan. "Loss Of The Assumptive World-- How We Deal With Death And Loss." Omega: Journal Of Death & Dying 50.4 (2004): 255-265. Professional Development Collection. Web. 24 May 2012. "Biographies." Sandra L. White. Web. 20 May 2012. <http://pentagonmemorial.org/explore/biographies/sandra-l-white>. Espada, Martin. "Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100." The Poetry Foundation. 2003. Web. 31 May 2012. <http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/177383>. Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
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Works Cited - 2 "FBI 100 - 1993 Trade Center Bombing." FBI. Web. 29 May 2012. Frenkel, Karen A. "Continuing Effects of 9/11: Scientific American." Continuing Effects of 9/11: Scientific American. 23 Aug. 2007. Web. 15 May 2012. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=continuing-effects-of-9-11>. Genovese, Peter. "Paul Andrew Acquaviva." Legacy.com. Web. 20 May 2012. <http://www.legacy.com/Sept11/Story.aspx?PersonID=100265>. "Government Releases Detailed Information on 9/11 Crashes." Government Releases Detailed Information on 9/11 Crashes. Web. 14 May 2012. <http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB196/index.htm>. Hirschkorn, Phil. "New York Remembers 1993 WTC Victims." CNN. Cable News Network, 26 Feb. 2003. Web. 29 May 2012. Lalami, Laila. "9/11 Stories: Echo by Laila Lalami." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 08 Sept. 2011. Web. 31 May 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/sep/08/9-11stories-laila-lalami>. "National September 11 Memorial & Museum | World Trade Center Memorial." National September 11 Memorial & Museum | World Trade Center Memorial. Web. 14 May 2012. <http://www.911memorial.org/>. O'Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990. Print. O'Brien, Lauren B. "The Evolution of Terrorism Since 9/11." FBI. Web. 15 May 2012. <http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/law-enforcement-bulletin/september2011/the-evolution-of-terrorism-since-9-11>. O'Rourke, Meghan. "Good Grief." New Yorker 85.47 (2010): 66-72. Literary Reference Center. Web. 24 May 2012.
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Works Cited - 3 "Osama Bin Laden Is Dead." CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 01 May 2011. Web. 14 May 2012. <http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-201_162-20058777.html>. Pankhurst, Reza. "The Legacy Of 9/11: A Decade Of Denial And Destruction." Political Theology 12.5 (2011): 737-743. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 May 2012. Perkins, Tom. "Muslims Discuss Impact of 9-11 on Their Community." AnnArbor.com. 13 Sept. 2011. Web. 15 May 2012. <http://www.annarbor.com/faith/muslims-discuss-impact-of-9-11on-their-community/>. Pingnews.com. "Public Domain: World Trade Center Memorial by Denise Gould (DOD Photo 060911-F-9471G-006)." Flickr. Yahoo!, 17 Oct. 2006. Web. 07 June 2012. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/pingnews/272548043/>. "Remember Who We Are… I Am America…." Remember Who We Are… I Am America…. Web. 07 June 2012. <http://angellaraisian.com/1987/i-am-america/>.“Response Art Stories." National September 11 Memorial & Museum. Web. 31 May 2012. <http://www.911memorial.org/response-art-stories>. “Response Art Stories." National September 11 Memorial & Museum. Web. 31 May 2012. <http://www.911memorial.org/response-art-stories>. Rosenthal, Neil. "Crises affect us differently." Dominion Post, The 06 Oct. 2010: L10. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 24 May 2012. "Sept. 11, 2001 | Fox News." Fox News. FOX News Network, 11 Sept. 2003. Web. 14 May 2012. <http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,62184,00.html>. "The Hamburg Connection." BBC News. BBC, 19 Aug. 2005. Web. 16 May 2012. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2349195.stm>.
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Works Cited - 4 "The Heroes of Sept. 11 | Fox News." Fox News. FOX News Network, 05 Sept. 2002. Web. 20 May 2012. <http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,62172,00.html>. Tindongan, Cynthia White. "Negotiating Muslim Youth Identity In A Post-9/11 World." High School Journal 95.1 (2011): 72-87.Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 May 2012. “WTC History." National September 11 Memorial & Museum. Web. 29 May 2012. “World Trade Center." History.com. A&E Television Networks. Web. 29 May 2012. "USA PATRIOT Act." USA Patriot Act. Web. 15 May 2012. <http://www.fincen.gov/statutes_regs/patriot/>. "Yvonne L. Bonomo." Legacy.com. 20 Sept. 2001. Web. 20 May 2012. <http://www.legacy.com/Sept11/Story.aspx?PersonID=111528>.
Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
By Sylvia Levy
Page 27
Multigenre Research Paper: The Effects of 9/11
By Sylvia Levy
Page 28