Drawing Energy
Contents
04
Prawn_Cultivation
08
Site_Survey
34
Investigations
40
Interventions
50
Seafood Kitchen_Robert Hebblethwaite
68
Fisherman Dwellings_Thomas Ferm
91
Control Office and Wave-Breaks
2 Architectural Design: Explorations
On Weathering: Water, Wind and Stone Project Statement
Location
Control Office
Seafood Kitchen
Dwellings
Our ambition is to create a sustainable prawn fishing community, based on the Isle of Kerrera. The cooperative seeks to give the fishing process direction and identity within the West Coast seafood trade. Kerrera will reprise its role as a stepping-stone to the mainland, acting as a processing hub for creel fishing. Interventions on site will examine the notion of wave turbulence, both as a welcome phenomenon and something to buffer against. The project’s architecture should incorporate passive modes of qualitative measure, and active drawing apparatus to record changing sea conditions over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Weather considerations must feature throughout our design, in order to answer the question “when is it best to fish?” Efforts will be made to incorporate passive environmental strategies that mitigate conditions on an exposed coastal site. The project seeks to create an overriding infrastructure that can accommodate all parts of the cooperative’s programme. This will take the form of an intelligent wave break, which can adapt to the sea situation and carry out multiple functions.
We have chosen a coastal location on the small Scottish Island of Kerrera. There is a transition from a wide grassy area towards the North, down to cobbles, larger rocks and stone outcrops towards the sea. The predominant wind direction is southwesterly, with typical weather conditions being dominated by rain and wind. The outcrop divides the larger, more turbulent bay on east from a smaller bay on west.
“Architecture, then, was conceived not as the building alone but in terms of its relationships to its surroundings, whether natural or man-made.” 1
“Cuisine is a function of the genius loci… the gout de terroir… is only the most immediate manifestation of this gastronomic specificity” 2
“It grew along with us and we grew within it” 1
Information will be interpreted from boats at sea, and may be used to forecast future fishing cycles. Weather data from other parts of the site should be represented here. Consider ways the office could re-communicate qualitative and quantitative information gathered so it is available to all members of the collective. The hub should maintain homeostasis, acting as a regulator, informing catch rate and fish preparation. From here the brand will be established, stressing the links to the local community.
A seafood restaurant will cook, smoke and serve langoustine to gastronomic tourists and local businesses. Interpreting the kitchen as a range, examine reaction rates and porosity between different culinary states. Dining is the culmination of a process that began at sea, and was translated through preparation and presentation in the kitchen. The dining experience should reflect the high quality of produce served in this truly unique location.
Office space: 25m2
Kitchen: 45m2 Guest accommodation: 25m2 Dining: 30m2
Coastal turbulence recorded in the larger bay indicates that the most turbulent areas are present at the cliffs, lessening toward the west of the bay. The outcrop acts as natural wave break for the shoreline, with the seabed ranging from sand at the shore to shale and mud further out to sea. The project strategy examines temporal conditions and considers how these affect programmatic infrastructure. Where required the proposal can account for apparatus to begin to manipulate, influence or passively register conditions.
Three fishing families will form a cooperative community on the site. Resolve a detailed design for a ‘passive’ house that will provide necessary enclosure for occupation of this landscape. Explore how the architecture registers the local microclimatic conditions. To what extent does this proposal interact with and engage the active landscape we have designed? Enclosed space: 120m2
1 On Weathering: the life of buildings in time, Mohsen Mostafavi & David Leatherbarrow 2 Eating Architecture, J. Horwitz & P. Singley
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 3
Prawn_Cultivation
Cultivation Investigations
Scottish Creel Fishing Prawn fishing is a traditional practice that has great importance to the Scottish economy. Creel fishing in particular is a highly repetitive process. Ships trace lines across the ocean, hauling up used cages, unpacking, baiting and shooting back to sea. Two different scales of drawing machines allowed us to explore the process across ‘landscapes’ within studio.
4 Architectural Design: Explorations
Fishing is limited to regions of mud: Firth of Forth Moray Firth North and South Minches Clyde Estuary Catch worth £110 million per annum Represents 40 % of Scottish fishing Langoustine sells for £20 per kg
Detailed Scale 1:100
Interpretation
Detailed Scale (1:50) The creel line has been cast to sea. For each part of the line attraction bulbs develop. Fields overlap to represent areas of frenzied migration. These combine to show total area of seabed fished. Concentric rings show the transition of a prawn from a free migratory state to a bound energy state within the creel. This is further studied in radial ink representations.
Drawing apparatus: Lines with weights attached 200 mm between creels 600 mm depth 1/4 of a line represented Pendulums pulled to circumference or swung through centre point
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 5
Fine Scale 1:2000
Interpretation
Prawn
Creel
The prawn vessel sails 1 - 10 nautical miles out to sea. Creels from the previous days are collect and replaced. Drawings catalogue the area of seabed affected by the fishing process, examining the patterns set up by multiple fishing cycles. Attraction circles build up on plan, forming locations arranged along radial and circumferential lines.
Suspended comb with nails 10 mm between creels 32.5 mm depth
Decapod crustaceans 540 Species (7 Families) Nephrop Norvegicus (Langoustine)
Length Width Height Weight
Variety in ink reserve - represents success rate of creel
Length Mass Life-span
Subtle shifts in location - represents creel movement due to sea conditions
330 mm 450 g 5-10 years
Prawns burrow into soft mud on the sea bed during the day, and emerge at night to feed Feeding frenzy after turbulent sea
6 Architectural Design: Explorations
Routine 560 mm (22”) 430 mm (17”) 330 mm (13”) 5.25 kg
20 - 50 creels per line 200 metre line length 10 metre gap between adjacent creels Baited with rotting white fish Creels on sea bed for 2-3 days
800 - 1000 Prawns per catch 450 - 500 kg Approximate weight 12 Baskets worth 2 - 3 Men per boat Sail 1 - 5 nautical miles from harbour (1.8 - 9.2 km) Depth of 32.5 - 100 metres Find marker buoy Pull up and empty creels Re-bait creels and fire overboard
BOAT Name Length Beam Depth Engine Winch
Edindoune 11.3 m (37’) 3.2 m (10’ 7”) 1.5 m (5’) Perkins 68 Nielsen
Preparation
Plate
Boil pan of water Drop in for 2 minutes Plunge in cold water Leave 3-4 minutes
Pull off the tails. Squeeze the edges of the shell together until they crack. Pull apart and release the meat.
Bake 200 C / 400 F / Gas 6 Drizzle with oil and lemon juice Cover with aluminium foil Bake for 10 - 15 minutes Grill: Split in two halves Baste with oil, butter or marinade Place under grill for 2 minutes Turn halfway through
Caley Fisheries Ltd, Argyll 01631 563354 Stornoway Plastics 01851 702122 Youngs Seafood Ltd, Stornoway 01851 702338 Many thanks to Robert from Stornoway Plastics for contributions
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 7
Site_Location The Isle of Kerrera is a small island off the West coast of Scotland set in the mouth of Oban Bay. Past industries included different forms of farming (agriculture) to feed the population that lived in the Castle or the growing town of Ob an. Today’s farming mostly consists of sheep husbandry, mussel, fish and kelp farming.
Location in relation to Scotland
Location within Kerrera
Location on Kerrera showing mud patches ideal for creel fishing
8 Architectural Design: Explorations
Site Model 1:10000
Site location on model Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 9
Site_Panoramas
10 1 0A Architectural Ar Arc rrc rchit ch hit hi iitte ec ect cttur c ura u ral Design: ra Desi es e siig s gn n:: Explorations n Ex Exp plllo plo ora rrat atttion a io iion ons on ons
Site location on model To T Tom om o mF Fe Ferm, erm rm rm, m,, Robert Ro R ober be b ert er rt H Hebblethwaite, ebb eb e bb b blet let le eth hw hwa wait wa itte ite e, Hayden Hay ayd a yd y den en W Whi Wh White hiitte h e 1 11 1
Site_Panoramas
12 1 2A Architectural Ar Arc rch rc hiiit hit itect te ect ec cttura c urrra u a all Design: Desi es es siig gn: gn n:: Explorations n Ex E xp pllo plo lorat rra atttion a io iion on o ns
View to fishing grounds beyond To Tom To om mF Fe Ferm, erm rrm, m, Robert Rob Ro ber be errt H e Hebblethwaite, ebb eb e bblet bb le ethwa et ethwa hw h wa w aiit ite te te e,, Hayden Ha ay ayd yd y de en nW Wh Whi White hiite hi te 1 te 13 3
Site_Weather Log Our site visit to Kerrera really gave us an understanding of the vast range of prevailing weather conditions that impact the island. This weather log was created to illustrate some of the visual cues that would be used by fishermen to decide whether or not it is a good day to fish.
8th October, 11 am
Overcast yet dry,
4 pm
7 Oktas: Broken
Beaufort Scale: 7
12 pm
Overcast, 10.90c, moderate wind
8 Oktas: Overcast
Beaufort Scale: 7
Land conditions
Sea conditions
1. Calm
Calm, vertical smoke.
Flat, no waves.
2. Light air
Ripples without crests.
Beaufort Scale: 4
Overcast, 11.00c,
7 Oktas: Bro-
Beaufort Scale: 5
6 Oktas: Broken
Beaufort Scale: 4
2 Oktas: Few
Beaufort Scale: 3
2 Oktas: Few
Beaufort Scale: 5
6 pm
8 Oktas: Over-
Beaufort
2 pm Beaufort
2 Oktas: Few
5 pm
1 pm
Overcast, 11.30c,
Sunny,
Clearing sky,
7 pm
3. Light breeze Wind felt. Rustling leaves. Glassy ripples, not breaking. 4. Gentle breeze
Constant movement of leaves and small twigs.
Large ripples. Breaking crests with scattered whitecaps.
5. breeze
Dust and loose paper.
crests, frequent whitecaps.
6. Fresh breeze
small trees in leaf move.
7. breeze
Large branches move.
Long waves form with white
8. Near gale
Whole trees in motion. Foam blown in streaks of wind Effort walking in the wind.
! Fresh gale
Twigs broken from trees. Very impeded on foot.
10.
Branches break off trees, High waves that can roll over. small trees blow over.
11.
Trees broken/uprooted. Poor shingles peel off.
Very high waves in foamy white sea with heavy impact.
12. Violent storm
Widespread damage to
Exceptionally high waves. Foam cover the sea surface.
13. Hurricane
Windows, sheds and barns damaged. Debris.
" # driving spray.
spindrift. Considerable spray.
Beaufort Scale
14 Architectural Design: Explorations
Occasional sun,
7 Oktas: Broken
Beaufort Scale: 4
3 pm
Sunny spells,
Clearing sky,
8 pm
6 Oktas: Broken
Beaufort Scale: 3
Clear sky, 9.10c,
7th October, 8 am
Overcast, 9.50c,
1 pm
7 Oktas: Broken
Beaufort
5 Oktas: Bro-
Beaufort Scale: 4
7 Oktas: Broken
Beaufort Scale: 3
11 am
Sunny, 11.20c,
Beaufort Scale: 4
Sunny, 10.30c,
2 Oktas: Few clouds Beaufort Scale: 1
3 pm
10 am
Sunny spells,
5 Oktas: Broken
2 pm
9 am
Sunny spells,
Sunny spells,
Clear and Sunny,
1 Okta: Few clouds
Beaufort Scale: 3
2 Oktas: Few
Beaufort Scale: 1
2 Oktas: Few
Beaufort Scale: 1
4 pm
2 Oktas: Few
Beaufort Scale: 2
Clear and Sunny,
12 pm
5 pm
Sunny spells,
Clear and Sunny,
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 15
Site_Turbulence Wooden crates at half-creel size provided a visual record of turbulence in coastal waters around the site (see right). Three drawing machines were simultaneously placed at the edge of the sea and left for five minutes. By placing machines hourly in the same position relative to shore, it was possible to work out the most turbulent area of the bay, which we found to be site A to the east.
Drawing machine 280 x 215 x 115mm (Half creel size)
Site A
Site C
Site F 9am
16 Architectural Design: Explorations
10am
11am
6pm
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 17
Site_Geology and Tidal Studies The geology of Kerrera, and in particular our site is dominated by three distinct rock types. Dolerite bands run roughly from NW to SE, creating incisions in the landscape where it has eroded. The more resistant slate and quartz create interesting forms within the landscape, such as rocky outcrops projecting into the sea. The geological orientation is very linear, with the slate running from SW to NE, which is intersected by slightly offset bands of quartz. Rope marked the high-tide point for a period of 24 hours. Knotted lengths of rope were taken down to the waterline and measured. Plotting created a map showing the amount of land exposed at different times of the day.
A buoy was cast hourly from three different positions along the shoreline and recorded until it ran aground. The video footage made it possible to work out the wavelength, time period (T) and amplitude experienced by each buoy. This is reflected on the layered drawing opposite. Average amplitude (A) = 160 mm
Quartz intersecting the slate
Quartz pebbles found on site
Illustration of quartz seams 18 Architectural Design: Explorations
Sample of slate showing a strong directional grain
On site: weathered quartz pebble
Fusion of quartz, slate and dolerite
Site Survey_results
Linear erosion due to less resistant dolerite seam Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 19
20 Architectural Design: Explorations
Spring
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 21
22 Architectural Design: Explorations
Summer
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 23
24 Architectural Design: Explorations
Autumn
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 25
26 Architectural Design: Explorations
Prevailing wind direction:
Winter
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 27
28 Architectural Design: Explorations
Geological orientation
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 29
30 Architectural Design: Explorations
Tidal Investigations
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 31
32 Architectural Design: Explorations
Site_Data
Site plan
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 33
Investigations_Waves
Submersible Model Configurations
Solid Shallow Wave-Break
Traditional Wave-Break
Combination Wave-Break 34 Architectural Design: Explorations
Tall Solid Break
Porous Wave-Break
Angled Wave-Break
Tall Solid Wave-Break Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 35
36 Architectural Design: Explorations
Sandstone
Limestone
Welsh Slate
Black Slate
Beech
Boxwood
Unfinished Limestone
Long-Term Weathering Rough Concrete
Polished Concrete
Investigations_Materiality
Short-Term Wetting
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 37
Aluminium
Partly Abraded Steel
Steel
Galvanised Steel
Corten Steel
Brass
Copper
Unfinished Pine
Pine
Ash
Investigations_Site Strategies
Movement Seams of Dolerite are used to place the wave breaks, seafood kitchen and boat repair dock. Their strongly linear nature contrasts with natural paths of movement across the site. Programme is examined in terms of it’s radial link to the control office, which acts as centre point of the design.
Visual Communication Exploration of the visual links between different parts of the programme. Weather registered by each building will be viewed from the control office.
38 Architectural Design: Explorations
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 39
Interventions_Initial Proposal
Boat Dock
Wave Breaks and Control Tower An intervention designed to mediate turbulent waters within each bay. The wave breaks shelter a slipway and prawn storage area. A control tower will coordinate weather reports and fishing patterns, enabling sustainable management of prawn fishing grounds. Both the seafood kitchen and boat repair can be accessed from the control tower. Each wave break shall generate electricity by funnelling water through its body and move ceramic tiles producing electricity by piezoelectricity. Seafood Kitchen Prawns will ultimately arrive at the seafood kitchen to be processed and cooked. The seafood kitchen acts as a communal area to both site occupants and visitors. Prawns are cook and served in a restaurant. Prawns are also smoked and packaged for further sale to retail chains surrounding Kererra. Prawn mechanically arrive and are dropped into pools at the end of the wave breaks for temporary housing. Turbulent water skimming of the pools stains timber around allowing conditions to be noted from the control tower.
Housing
Dwellings Housing will provide accommodation for fisherman and their families. Within each house occupants receive glimpses of the cultivation process from land to sea. Inhabiting the site enables a richer understanding of the surrounding environment. Each house shall embed into the ground drawing upon heat and using reclaimed land to prevent against wind. Through a deep facade each window acts as a sundial to the control hub. Boat House Boats are maintained and repaired in a dry dock. The enclosure allows for broken lines and creels to be mended. An acoustic facade will quantitatively register weather to be perceived from the control tower.
Wave Breaks and Control Tower 40 Architectural Design: Explorations
Kitchen
Initial Master plan Initial models: Housing for five families, office, wave breaks and seafood kitchen. Housing reduced from five to three to allow a more sustainable and less impacting community. Wave break numbers are reduced by one third after further investigations into wave diffracting revealed an ample number to allow suitable mediation of turbulence. Command tower has been redesigned to allow for ample view over south-west cliff and realign with housing. Seafood kitchen has reduced footprint to compact and streamline process.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 41
Spring Business is picking up for the summer months and after a cold winter indoors the sailers are ready to get back out to sea. A new season of prawns awaits them.
Thomas: Early morning start to a strict day. two cycles on boat. Quick lunch and delivery to Oban. Quick drink at the kitchen then home to get things prepared for tomorrow.
Hayden: Woke to watch the sun rise from beyond the cliffs. Still crisp air when walking to the office. Some of the steel plate has broken toward the east. Sea’s a lot choppier than it used to be. Dinner at kitchen whilst breaks glow warm in the late sun. Early bed.
Robert: Lots of orders at the kitchen. Busy week ahead. Prawns simmering after the boil whilst the guests arrived for late lunch. Days end came as a relief to get off feet and calm down for the night.
42 Architectural Design: Explorations
Summer Business is on full steam and both boats have been out weekly. New restaurants to the N/W have placed orders with the community this year.
Thomas: Early morning start to a strict day. two cycles on boat. Quick lunch and delivery to Oban. Quick drink at the kitchen then home to get things prepared for tomorrow.
Hayden: Woke to watch the sun rise from beyond the cliffs. Still crisp air when walking to the office. Some of the steel plate has broken toward the east. Sea’s a lot choppier than it used to be. Dinner at kitchen whilst breaks glow warm in the late sun. Early bed.
Robert: Community is busy with visitors this summer. Pressure on kitchen is building. Decided to take a leisurely walk at lunch as a break before returning to the mess left behind. I’ll catch Tom later for a chat before heading home.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 43
Autumn Business is seeing the community through until first signs of winter.
Thomas: Fishing is becoming hazardous at sea with some frost covering decks of boats. Will attempt to help out at kitchen before going a hike.
Hayden: Timber on the house is beginning to darken to the falling of the leaves. Low sun through the cliffs spending most of the day in the tower. Some of the ships glisten on the horizon against the low sun, best be off for some hot food in front of the fire.
Robert: Kitchen demand has moved from visitor dining to prawn packaging and processing. Will have to ask Hayden to help out after Tom storming off.
44 Architectural Design: Explorations
Winter Site activity retires to only the fisherman and families. Only repairing and cleaning needs done as the families prepare for the bitter cold of winter.
Thomas: Nothing to do this week, mended all creels last week. May head to Oban for some supplies and something to do.
Hayden: Today was spent reapplying some of the timber panelling on Toms house. Long intervals of hot tea inside aided the process. Looking forward to seeing the hills shine bright with the sleet that shall soon fall on them.
Robert: Work has calmed down for Christmas and looking forward to possible snowfall. Boats are all moored up and fires are on. Not long now until we retire until the New Year.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 45
Consideration of primary Dolerite band within site Over-exposure of kitchen and dock to wind result in re-siting.
46 Architectural Design: Explorations Explorrations
Cyclical Creel Casting Study The communal ambition is to ambition is to ask what it is to fish better? Through managed cycles and the introduction of weekly recovery periods a more sustainable fishing method is introduced. We propose the re-introduction of the 1986 one mile trawler limit to reduce damage to valuable muddy patches of sea floor.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 47
Investigation into Secondary Dolerite Band
Visibility Radius. Control Tower requires height to view cliffs and beyond.
Shadowed Zone Deflected waves loose energy on dispersing past wave breaks.
48 Architectural Design: Explorations
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 49
Seafood Kitchen Robert Hebblethwaite Surplus prawns are brought to the seafood kitchen. In the restaurant, chefs combine seafood with fresh local ingredients. Smoking and curing add a distinct flavour related to Kerrera. It is proposed that gastro-tourism could play a vital part in the island’s economy. Visitors would stay at the seafood kitchen and participate in prawn cultivation, cooking and dining. Three heat stacks set at diminishing temperatures structure the cooking process. An inhabited wall isolates cold cells on the lower story, whilst struations on the restaurant/kitchen facade allow permeability of enclosure. Fishermen enter through a Dolerite sea notch, crossing a boundary condition to more enclosed spaces. The promenade reaches a climax at the dining table, reflecting the prawn’s journey from sea to plate. Material choices and drawing style enjoy weathering and movment as temporal processes. For instance, brass cladding stains the layered concrete basement below. Timber screens will darken at a different rate and contrast with the metal. Occupancy may also weather the interior finish.
Section X-X
1:50
50 Arc Architectural A Ar rc chit hittec ecttura urr l Design: Desi siign: gn Explorations Ex E plo p rat pl a ion ns
To Tom T om Fe om F Ferm, rm, m, Robert Ro ober bert Hebb H Hebblethwaite, ebb eb bbllet ethwa et waite wa ite e, Hayden H Hay ay en ay ayden ayd n Whi Wh White hiite h te 51 5
Prawn Storage / 5hr Fish Box Store
Fuel Niche
Boiling Stack 100 deg C / 1m Curing Niche 12hr
Simmering Stack 72 deg C / 15m
Smoking Stack 528 deg C / 4hr
Preparation Kitchen
Refrigeration
Ground Floor
1:100
52 Arc Architectural A rchit hiitect ectura ectura urall Design: D Desi esi esign: s gn: gn Explorations Ex xplo pl rat attion ions s
Restaurant
Hot Kitchen
Guest Rooms
Crop Cultivation
First Floor
1:100 Tom om m Fe Ferm, erm rm, m Robert Ro ober berrt Heb H Hebblethwaite, ebb bb ble letthw hwa hwa waite ite,, Hayden Hayd ay en Whi White hiitte h e 53 3
Design Development
54 Architectural Design: Explorations
Roof Plan 1:200 Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 55
Brass Clad Volumes Each volume registers a different part of the cooking process, with the heat stacks rising above the roof line.
Timber Weather Screen Weathered timber darkens at a different rate to the brass. Struations create a porous skin.
Oriel Window View from the dining room overlooking the wave-breaks and fishing community.
Mezzanine and Hot Kitchen The restaurant has a direct visual link with the kitchen, allowing visitors to see food preparation. Smells pass between spaces as hot air from the kitchen rises.
Boundary Space Prawn storage pools in the sea notch transition to a boundary space for storing cleaned fish boxes. Retaining walls act as wind catchers for the passive ventilation strategy.
Boiling Gallery An intentionally dark and moody space, where prawns are humanely killed and rapidly boiled.
Preparation Kitchen Prawns enter this space from the boiling gallery. Fish are cured for 12 hours, then smoked for a further 4 hours. Cellular spaces in the inhabited wall provide thermal separation. Fresh ingredients are also prepared here.
56 Architectural Design: Explorations
Stack Tectonics
1:300
South Elevation
1:200
Modelling Grain
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 57
North Elevation
1:200
Modelling Cellularity
58 Architectural Design: Explorations
Final Model To To Tom om mF Fe Ferm, erm rrm, m, Robert Ro R Rober obe ber b errt H e Hebblethwaite, eb ebb e bb b blet leth hwa w wa aite iitte, te, Hayden te Hayde ay a ayd yde yd en nW Wh Whi White hiitte h e 5 59 9
Section A-A
1:100 (Romantic)
Model Visualisations 60 Architectural Design: Explorations
Section B-B
1:100 (Ordered)
Hot Kitchen
Boiling Gallery
Hot Kitchen and Smokery
Tectonic Precedent: Casa Rural, RCR Architectes Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 61
Transverse Section Through Bay (Temporal) 62 Architectural Design: Explorations
1:200
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 63
Section
1:50
6 Ar 64 Architectural Arc rc chit hitect ec ect c ural ura ra al Design: Des Desi esi sign: Explorations Ex Explo plorat pl plo rat attion ns
Tom T m Fe F Ferm, rm, Robert rm, rm R Ro obe ber ert H e Hebblethwaite, eb e ebb bb blet le hwa hw w ite wa e, Hayden Hayd y en n Whi Wh White hite hi ite te 65 65
Environmental Performance 20mm Brass cladding layer 6mm Plywood sheets 50/200 Timber battens 150 XPS Thermal insulation 800/100/50 Timber lathes
6mm Glazing unit
Sun-Wind June 9am
June 12pm
June 3pm
Sun-Wind December 9am
December 12Pm
December 3pm
400/100 Precast concrete edge beam 100mm XPS thermal Insulation 200mm Concrete floor slab
450mm Reinforced concrete (RC) wall 203/203/46 Steel columns at 1500 centres
50mm XPS Thermal Insulation 75mm Board-marked concrete (800x50mm) with 3mm diameter fixings
Channel emphasises verticality by removing a visible edge with the floor
30mm Finishing screed 50mm Levelling Screed w/ heated floor 70mm XPS Thermal Insulation 500mm Waterproof RC concrete floor slab with polythene sheet on compacted earth
Wall Detail
66 Architectural Design: Explorations
1:25
Heat Flow Cool air is caught by an extended wall and brought into the basement. Woodburning stacks provide heat as a byproduct of the cooking process. Each space is warmed as heat rises around the core. Stale air is exhausted at roof level, via the stack effect. Heat is celebrated in the architecture, making for a dramatic dining environment.
Sun-Wind During Spring, Summer and Winter, enough South Westerly wind can enter the sea notch. For the majority of the day, this naturally remains a cool space for storing live prawns. A semi-buffered allotment strip at the east of the kitchen would remain sheltered from wind for the majority of the year. The space is lit from morning to mid-afternoon.
Summer Ground Floor
Winter Ground Floor
Summer First Floor
Winter First Floor
Thermal Strategy A thick wall houses cold spaces required for the prawn curing process. Three stacks (boiling , simmering and smoking) heat the central space, with each becoming progressively cooler than the last. Heat is shared across the stacks in plan, and is tapped off at different heights in section, reducing energy use across the whole building.
Summer Section
Winter Section
Wind Trap, Philippe Rahm This leisure centre utilises a double heat loop at the building scale. Energy from the warm service spaces is transferred via metal conduction plates to the sports hall. Wind is directed into the building, and carries warm air round the plan.
Process Temperatures
Heat Flow
Conductivity (Hot vs Heated)
Boundary Spaces Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 67
Dwellings_initial
design
The initial designs for the fishermen’s dwellings involved housing for 5 families to allow the inhabitation of the site year round. The series of images on these pages show the development of maquette form models, experimenting with different orientations, dictated by important elements of the site (such as the sea as well as programmatic elements on the site)
The maquettes are raised from the plan to allow different levels of exposure and enclosure, ranging from fully submerged within the land (gaining benefits of thermal mass) to being only partially submerged.
Different arrangements respond to other elements on the site
68 Architectural Design: Explorations
The image to the right shows the orientation of the housing in relation to the dolerite ‘cutout’, where the kitchen, wave breaks and boathouse will be located.
The housing is aligned with the orientation of the slate, which is also perpendicular to the other programmatic elements. This allows the creation of views both out to sea and to the buildings in the distance.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 69
Dwellings_design
maquettes and development
The maquettes above focussed on the concept of ‘inhabiting a notch’ carved into the landscape, lined with thick, heavy walls which retain the landscape behind. Experimentation with the forms allowed development from a relatively simple structure, to one which played on the concept of a wall, using it not only to retain the land, but to wrap around the internal volumes. Below are images of my volumetric investigations which looked into wrapping the wall around volumes or placing volumes within the walls.
70 Architectural Design: Explorations
Incision model
1:100
Site Model
1:200
The developed models above show how the housing would inhabit the incisions within the landscape, in the same orientation, yet with the concept of an offset volume within, responding to other parts of the program.
The series of images to the left show different volumetric arrangements, with varying dimensions. There seemed to be a strong linear arrangement
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 71
Dwellings_weathering
studies
“A discussion of ‘age value’ can be identified with the notion of ageing as enhancement, and the idea that the various markings and layers of a surface record and allow one to recollect earlier stages in the history of a building and the human life associated with it.”
As mentioned earlier, the hugely changeable weather was a dominant presence throughout our visit to Kerrera. The investigation below looks into the weathering of a form into a site. The model shows a transition from a pristine geometric form to a stage where the local conditions have been ‘registered’ by the building through weathering. The sketches to the left illustrate how the thickness of the wall allows the internal arrangement of the building to remain constant, whilst the external form changes quite significantly over an extended period of time.
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The swatches above were particularly interesting to me as the submersion in saltwater has resulted in discolouration of some of the materials. Most noticeably the timber has darkened to a silver/ grey colour providing a visible registration of the conditions on site. I believe the timber could be used to mark a transition from inside to out in my later designs.
The images to the left were exploring the notion of an internal element to restrict the weathering of the surrounding form, in a similar manner to the dialogue between the more resistant quartz and the less resistant slate. The furthest left image involves steel as the restrictive element, whilst in the right image, a more resistant stone would limit the weathering.
“The breakdown or breakup of materials as a result of weathering might be called ‘functional deterioration.’ On Weathering
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 73
Dwellings_climatic
strategies
Wind shadowing
Brian Mackay Lyons’ Howard house is located at the edge of a fishing cove in Nova Scotia, Canada. The building’s exposed siting leaves the it exposed to prevailing westerly winds which would impact the thermal performance of the internal living spaces. This has been countered by having the west facade put its muscular shoulder to the wind, allowing the east facade (in the wind shadow) to be ‘paper thin and vulnerable’. Vast glazing to the south of the building allows direct solar gain into the thermal mass of the building in between the two facades. The diagrams opposite illustrate these areas on the plan.
January
9am
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January
June and December: Wind shadowing from the prevailing south westerly wind provided by the projecting ‘muscular shoulder’ to the wind.
12pm
January
3pm
March: the surrounding topography provides a natural wind shadow to a large area of the site, protecting the buildings from direct breezes.
March/September
9am
March/September
12pm
Sun path and thermal mass
Sun paths take advantage of the wind shadowing provided by the wall and topography, to allow direct solar gain via the thermal mass provided by the concrete slabs and walls of the dwellings.
Contrasting facades: the muscular west facade (Yellow) , and the ‘paper thin’ east facade (Blue)
Yellow hatching shows the ‘muscular shoulder’ concept applied to the dwellings. This allows the facade within the wind shadow to be exposed and punctured with more glazing to benefit from solar gain. ( )
Solar diagrams illustrate the areas of the facade exposed to sunlight throughout the day. These areas are sheltered from the wind by the projecting wall to the west, resulting in the maximum benefit from solar gain. March/September
3pm
December
9am
December
12pm
December
3pm Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 75
Dwellings_design
drawings
The plans to the right illustrate the orientation of the offset volumes inside. The top dwelling addresses the boathouse to the west of the site, where the romanticist lives.
The offset volume in the central dwelling is aligned with views to the control centre, where the technical minded captain resides.
The final house is where the temporal character lives, and the volume in this house addresses the seafood kitchen.
25mm timber panels 50mm timber joists 10mm steel U-section 25mm timber panels Neoprene gasket Glazing
Glazing to wooden wall section detail
1:10
Copper Sheeting 75mm insulation Copper Sheeting 30mm steel section Neoprene gasket Glazing
Glazing to copper roof section detail 76 Architectural Design: Explorations
1:10
A D
B
C
D A
B
Ground Floor Plan
1:200
To the control centre
C
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 77
Dwellings_design
drawings
The timber ‘registrar’ wall rises to a high of 7m, stopping short of the copper roof to create an interesting effect and placing emphasis on the copper funnel roof above.
The houses are not fully submerged in the land, rather they protrude slightly, to announce their presence on the site, rather than hiding away. The smooth cut of the tapering wall contrasts nicely with the uneven topography of the site.
All of the dwellings address the wave breaks and the sea, as this provides a common theme between all of the fishermen. The views are framed by the large windows recessed into punctures in the wall, looking out to the dramatic landscape beyond.
“When stones were laid, the strongest side of the stone was to be placed where the wall was exposed to the weather. Thus the placement of stone anticipates its ageing in weathering.” On Weathering
100mm limestone block 150mm prestressed concrete slab
200mm limestone padstone
100mm limestone block
Concrete mezzanine to stone wall section detail 78 Architectural Design: Explorations
1:20
First Floor Plan
1:200 Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 79
Dwellings_design
drawings
The materials have been carefully considered for the dwellings to ensure that the forms and surfaces will weather into the site. The copper roof discolours as seen to the right, the timber fades to a silvery grey appearance, and over the course of a generation or so, the stone enclosure will be shaped and sculpted by the weather. External concrete floor slabs are cast against unfinished timber form work to create an aesthetically interesting expansive surface, which lines the floor of the notches chiselled out of the land.
“From one point of view, then, the accumulation of dirt enriches; from another, it dissolves the building. The first, ifa uninterrupted, leads to the second.� On Weathering
700mm Limestone wall
25mm wood panelling
60mm insulation 50mm wooden joist 25mm wood panelling
Wooden wall to stone junction -Plan 80 Architectural Design: Explorations
1:20
Roof Plan
1:200 Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 81
Dwellings_design
drawings
Section A-A from an ordered viewpoint 82 Architectural Design: Explorations
1:200
Section B-B from an ordered viewpoint
1:200 Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 83
Dwellings_design
drawings
Section C-C from a temporal viewpoint
1:200
The section above is taken from the temporal perspective, and so there is a registration of movement within the building, between the different levels of the central volume, as well as transition from the exterior to interior. Circulation within the ‘service spaces’ is also shown. 84 Architectural Design: Explorations
Section D-D from a romantic viewpoint
1:200
The section above is taken from a romantic viewpoint and so emphasis is placed on the material qualities of the building that have been investigated throughout the project. This also reflects the notions explored earlier in the design process. Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 85
Dwellings_design
drawings
Registration of weather: timber wall discolours to a silver-grey tone. Replacement of the weathered boards takes place in Winter to renew the offset walls which can once again register the climatic conditions.
86 Archit Architectural hit ite ectura al Design: Design: gn n: Explorations Explo orat ration ns
Copper roofs act as funnels, collecting rainwater to be used for grey water purposes. As seen in the roof plan earlier, the exterior face will weather to a pale green colour, whilst the internal face will be a stunning feature within the central volume.
Concrete mezzanine levels appear to be suspended within the central timber clad volume.
100mm thick timber forms provide a warm enclosure within the stone volume, which wraps around the bedrooms inside. These forms establish a transitional space, buffering the journey from outside to inside. This also provides opportunities to hang up wet clothes and other equipment.
700mm thick stone walls retain the earth within which the dwelling is submerged, creating a sense of safety by enclosure. At points the timber walls meet the stone, creating ‘windows’ through to the exterior wall. The depth of the wall creates opportunities for seating, as well as functioning as an immediate weather register, as the recessed windows create a sundial effect on the facade.
Chosen materials Scheme exploded axonometric
Dwellings_Visualisations
Mezzanine levels within the offset volume create a dramatic central space, linking all of the areas of the house. The generous volumes within are wrapped by the thin timber wall which is housed within the thick monolithic form of the stone retaining walls.
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Depth of the wall provides ‘window seating’ with views to the rest of the site, as well as functioning as thermal mass to mediate thermal conditions in the dwelling.
The top of the staircase provides an opportunity to reflect on the weather outside as the notion of a ‘picture window’ frames both the sea and the sky in the distance. This is an instant indicator as to whether it is a good day to fish or not, in addition to the other visual indicators across the site.
The spaces created between the two walls is utilised as a ‘service space’ where the bathroom and stairs are housed. The verticality of the building is clearly expressed here, with views culminating at the copper roof towards the top of the building.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 89
Dwellings_Final
model photographs
The images on this page show the final dwelling designs sitting within the landscape, in notches carved into the hillside. The stone wall is composed of layers of limestone , whilst the registrar wall is vertial strips of timber. This is then complemented by the copper funnel roofs, sitting within the structure of the walls.
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Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 91
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Control Tower and Wave Break Design Development
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 93
Ground Floor Plan 1:100 A days haul at sea is welcomed at the dock where we store our prawn before heading for some food. Wave breaks are ‘cast’ from the rocky outcrop along the dolarite lines. Twenty-five wave breaks mediate water on either side of the bay. The ground floor embeds into the rock streamlining the open plan floor from prevailing wind. Timber cast concrete pushes up against the rock creating the dock. This rugged surface allows for friction when soaked.
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First Floor Plan 1:100 A strong shoulder to the weather. Prawns can be temporaroly stored in turbulent waters before being shipped to restaurants
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 95
Second Floor 1:100 The top level of the tower provides a vantage point to ships and sea. Quantitative measurements of weather can be read on each of the buildings on site from the upper tower.
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Exploded Isometric Architecture is concealed within the wave system to conceal in elevation. The system varies in height in accordance with the surrounding site topology. Though the buildings and slipways are fixed. wave break can rise and fall dependant on the sea conditions at its base. Each monolith channels water through its frame moving a series of ceramic tiles producing power by piezoelectricity.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 97
Final Design Design for an overseeing programmatic element with intelligent intervention
Introduction of journey and viewing platforms -
Creating a relationship between time and axiality -
Engaging the uncertain -
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Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 99
[Series of Sketches]
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Architecture within wave breaks
Assembly of facades
Structure from seabed
Rotary mechanics
Prawn storage basins
Peter Zumthor Kolumba Art Museum
Thermal mass and cross ventilation
Wind Shadow
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 101
[Details] Facade plan detail. Wind can pass through upper glazing allowing cross ventilation of control room
Detail of wave break protruding through translucent glass floor of map room
Floor plate of control room. 50mm insulation below 25mm concrete screed shall provide thermal comfort into the evening.
Corten steel plating riveted to frame
Structural steel frame
Runners connecting to foundations allow vertical movement restricted to 500mm either way. 102Architectural Design: Explorations
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 103
Primary Field Test: Waves split and create trajectories of current upon interaction with wave breaks. Currents of water loose energy and disperse. Initial trajectories continue into bay. Strong current follows behind engulfing local area. Initial wave continues, widening breached area. Secondary current enters bay Number of Wave Breaks - 50 Maximum Disturbance -14m
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Secondary Case Study:
Tertiary Field Test:
Initial wave diffracts at differing rates along wave breaks inducing destructive interference. Waves loose energy as troughs meet peaks when colliding.
[Reduced wave breaks are tested under extreme weather conditions]
Waves disperse further loosing energy in self-induced whirlpools. Initial wave drifts into bay whilst second is successfully diffracted by breaks. Number of Wave Breaks - 31 Maximum Disturbance - 5m
Large wave meets breaks and is diffracted into angular trajectories. Waves loose momentum as driving current is dispersed behind initial wave. Waves then spin of into bay. Number of Wave Breaks - 31 Maximum Disturbance - 12m
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 105
[Westerly Wind Drag] Wind not aligned with wave breaks is buffered by each. Wind aligned with orientation of breaks shall pass though some torrents on negative shadow area cause wind to reduce energy.
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[Southerly Wind Drag]
[Westerly Current]
[Southerly Current]
Similarly to wind, waves are buffered greatly when angled against wave break geometry. Due to liquid viscosity even direct waves are diffracted rapidly loose energy as wave lengths are reduced non-uniformally. This causes the wave to loose energy as it diffracts around the object. Energy remaining in each wave is then radiated out on passing breaks. Radial waves collide and loose some remaining energy through destructive interference.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 107
Initial Investigations of Site Geometry Programmatic elements were aligned in accordance with site geology and geometry. Views to other program and to relevant points on site were considered. Upon final reiteration housing is reduced to three independent unite. Each housing unit views both a separate part of program whilst also out to sea. Each part of mater plan has direct visual link with central tower.. Control hub acts as panopticon to site allowing for full visibility to aid orchestration of community routine at all scales.
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Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 109
Wave Breaks Responding to Turbulence of Bay Initial wave break design includes vertical movement of up to six metres. The movement can be registered from inland revealing conditions of sea at present time. Wave break movement is limited to one meter in vertical axis to meet turbulent water and allow more subtle perceivable movement on temporal conditions.
[Final Design Limitation]
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Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 111
Ground Floor Plan Boats arrive at dock to store prawn cargo before moving up to control centre, along wave breaks to either kitchen or repair centre of along path to housing.
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First Floor Plan Occupants move into first semiporous area [transitional space] for wet storage before ascending to fully enclosed upper level.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 113
Second Floor Plan Trajectories from program create piercings into map room allow for views to all weathering registers within architecture on site. Control hub offers unrestricted views to sea and perforated view to housing. By rising above wave breaks this upper level gains full panoramic views and acts as a beacon for ships on sundown searching for land mass. Upper floor plates are carried on structure of wave breaks allowing hub to cantilever over structure below revealing its presence elevationally to visitors.
114Architectural Design: Explorations
Exploded Axonometric [Devoid of wave breaks]
Upper Storey Corten steel housing clad in timber along one axis allowing for controlled solar gain and rain water collection.
Second Storey Skin Diffracting linear banding transitions occupants from exposed to enclosed space.
Circulatory Routes Broken and direct circulation are provided and used dependant on circumstance. Relaxed path creates slow transition into warm enclosure. Direct route pierces through structural monolith revealing views to sea and housing before ascending into body of control centre.
Wet Area Ground floor acts as naturally sheltered working floor. This main circulation point allows access to both wave break slipways, path to housing and up control tower.
Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 115
[Section From Ordered Character] Section To Boat Repair
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Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 117
[Section From Temporal Character 1:200] Section To Housing
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Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 119
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[Drawn by Romantic Character, based upon group work completed throughout semester] Composite Cultivation Drawing 1:2000 within box, 1:10000 outside
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Tom Ferm, Robert Hebblethwaite, Hayden White 123