What Apple say about macOS
Mac OS X Public Beta (Kodiak) Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah) Mac OS X 10.1 (Puma) Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar) Mac OS X Panther – 10.3 Mac OS X Tiger – 10.4 Mac OS X Leopard – 10.5 Mac OS X Snow Leopard – 10.6 Mac OS X Lion – 10.7 OS X Mountain Lion – 10.8 OS X Mavericks – 10.9 OS X Yosemite – 10.10 OS X El Capitan – 10.11 macOS Sierra – 10.12 macOS High Sierra – 10.13 macOS Mojave – 10.14 macOS Catalina – 10.15 macOS Big Sur – 11 macOS Monterey – 12
Mac OS X Public Beta (Kodiak) The Mac OS X Public Beta was an early, test version of the Mac OS X operating system released to the public on September 13, 2000. Hardcore Macintosh fans could therefore get a taste of the upcoming operating system before its final release. It was named Kodiak internally by Apple. The name was not publicly used. The public beta was the first time people could use the Aqua interface. Virtually everything was new in the operating system: fonts, the Dock, even the menu bar (with an Apple logo at the centre, which was later repositioned). The icons exploded in size, and new OS eye candy was all the rage.
Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah) Mac OS X 10.0, dubbed “Cheetah” went on sale on March 24, 2001. It brought the Aqua user interface and technology like preemptive multitasking and protected memory to a wider audience than the Public Beta. Cheetah required 128 MB of RAM, which seems meager today, but was more than most Mac users had in their systems at the time. Even machines that surpassed the system requirements ran slowly under Mac OS X, which was the number one complaint of users about the release.
Mac OS X 10.1 (Puma) Mac OS X Puma (10.1) is a version of Mac OS X that was released on 25 September 2001. It was more successful than its predecessor, because of the inclusion of features that existed on Mac OS 9 but not on Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah), and it fixed several stability issues; though it was still met with a mixed reception. Most builds of Puma were compiled for PPC (for public use) and x86 (for testing purposes for the upcoming partnership with Intel, which would continue until the announcement in 2005).
Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar) Jaguar was the first version of OS X to support Safari and the last the ship with Internet Explorer as its default browser. Apple’s release of it Safari web browser was Microsoft’s excuse to leave the Mac browser market. Jaguar improved performance across the board, especially for Classic Mode, and introduced Quartz Extreme, which lets the operating system offload graphics tasks to supported video cards (ATI Radeon and Nvidia GeForce 2 AGP and later video with at least 16 MB of VRAM). Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar was released on 2002.08.24 and was last updated on 2003.10.03, when the 10.2.8 update was released. There were rumors that 10.2.9 would be released in mid-2009 to address several bugs and vulnerabilities that remained in version 10.2.8, but that never happened.
Mac OS X Panther – 10.3 MacOS X 10.3, code named “Panther”, adds features such as Expose, fast user switching, and the Safari web browser. Released in October 2003, Mac OS X 10.3 Panther cut off “Old World ROM” Macs like the beige Power Mac G3s and some early PowerBook G3 models. Many users worked their way around this with third-party tools that would trick the installer. For their work, users were rewarded with a streamlined version of OS X with a revamped Finder (now clad in Brushed Metal, sadly), Fast User Switching, Exposé for window management, FileVault, Font Book and iChat AV, among other features and updates, including built-in Fax support.
Mac OS X Tiger – 10.4 Mac OS X version 10.4 Tiger, is the fifth major update to Mac OS X for Apple’s Macintosh computers, and was released on April 29, 2005. Mac Operating systems are definitely by far the best-operating systems in terms of features and reliability on those features. There are a lot of aspects that make these operating systems powerful. One very feature is the smooth transition while operating the system. now you can say that all systems have a limit, but the performance of these systems comparatively is very good and the creditability of the systems is on par. Apple released an operating system series called OS X. they started releasing a range of great operating systems, of which the Mac OS X tiger holds the record of being in use the longest. With the release of the Mac OS X Tiger, the software industry felt threatened because of the high-end performance of the system. this boosted up sales and also brought fame to the line-up of the Mac OS X series of operating systems.
Mac OS X Leopard – 10.5 Mac OS X version 10.5 Leopard, is the sixth major update to Mac OS X for Apple’s Macintosh computers, and was released on October 26, 2007. Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard was available as an upgrade to new Apple computers purchased after 1st October 2007 that did not already have Mac OS X 10.5 installed or a Leopard upgrade DVD included. Leopard was the last OS released by Apple to support both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. To je prva verzija Mac OS X-a koja je ukinula podršku za G3 sustave i predstavlja novu verziju Aqua koju bi Apple koristio do Snow Leoparda. To je također posljednja verzija Mac OS X-a koja ima podršku za Intel Pentium 4 procesore, iako se to može vidjeti samo s Hackintosh modelima jer nema maloprodajnih Macova koji se isporučuju s Pentiumom 4s. Univerzalni binarni koncept proširen je u Leopardu, budući da su odvojene verzije za Intel i PowerPC Macove objedinjene u Leopardu i instalacijski mediji mogli su se koristiti za oba sustava. Prve 64-bitne Mac aplikacije dizajnirane su za Leopard zbog novog 64-bitnog korisničkog područja (jezgra je ostala 32-bitna do Snow Leoparda).
Mac OS X Snow Leopard – 10.6 Apple has always been creative in dealing with the marketing strategies that they come up with to make a stand in the market. the release of the Mac OS X snow leopard is by far considered the best market release. This statement is adhered to by the low price release the end-users had to pay for a single user license as well as the ease of involvement involved with the use of the Mac OS X snow leopard. The Mac OS X snow leopard didn’t house any new additional feature but was hauled with an improvement in the software framework the existing features worked on.
Mac OS X Lion – 10.7 Mac OS X Lion (10.7) is a version of the Mac OS X operating system released by Apple on 20 July 2011. This version dropped support for the x86 userland and architecture and removed Rosetta and Front Row. It introduced the Launchpad and was originally only released as an App Store update that could only be updated normally from Snow Leopard.
OS X Mountain Lion – 10.8 OS X 10.8, also known as “Mountain Lion”, is a Macintosh operating system developed by Apple Inc. It’s goal was to start incorporating features found in iOS to the Macintosh user interface. It was released on July 25, 2012
OS X Mavericks – 10.9 OS X Mavericks (version 10.9) is the 11th major release of OS X, Apple’s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. OS X Yosemite was announced on June 10, 2013 at WWDC 2013, and was released in October of 2014. The update places emphasis on battery life, Finder enhancements, other enhancements for power users, and continued iCloud integration, as well as bringing more of Apple’s iOS apps to the OS X platform.
OS X Yosemite – 10.10 OS X version 10.10, also known as “Yosemite”, is the eleventh major release of OS X, Apple Inc’s desktop and server operating system for Mac computers. OS X Yosemite was announced on June 2 at the 2014 Worldwide Developers Conference, and was released to the public on October 16, 2014, as a free update through the Mac App Store. With this release of OS X, Apple also instituted a public beta program by sign-up, seeded in the summer of 2014.
OS X El Capitan – 10.11 Verzija OS X 10.11 , također poznata kao “ El Capitan “ ( el-kap-ɪ-tan ), dvanaesto je veliko izdanje OS X , Apple Inc. za desktop i poslužiteljski operativni sustav za Macintosh računala. To je nasljednik OS X Yosemite i fokusira se uglavnom na performanse, stabilnost i sigurnost. Slijedeći shemu imenovanja koja se temelji na kalifornijskom orijentiru uvedenu s OS X Mavericks, El Capitan je dobio ime po formaciji stijena u Nacionalnom parku Yosemite.
macOS Sierra – 10.12 macOS Sierra (version 10.12) is the thirteenth major release of macOS (formerly OS X) Apple’s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to OS X El Capitan and is a new feature release. Following the California landmark-based naming scheme introduced with OS X Mavericks, Sierra was named after the Sierra Nevada mountain range that includes Yosemite National Park and Lake Tahoe. It was announced on June 13 at the 2016 Worldwide Developers Conference and was released on September 20, 2016.
macOS High Sierra – 10.13 macOS High Sierra (version 10.13), first released on September 25, 2017, is the fourteenth major release of OS X, renamed macOS, Apple’s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS Sierra and the predecceesor of macOS Mojave. Following the California landmark-based naming scheme introduced with Mac OS X Mavericks, High Sierra was named after the High Sierra region of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. High Sierra is an update of MacOS which focuses mostly on back-end developments and a higher level of user security. As such, this operating system lays a foundation for future upgrades. In essence, High Sierra took what was good with Sierra and developed it into a more comprehensive software. High Sierra emphasizes the already-existing benefits of MacOS previous system, Sierra. There are few bells and whistles, but the changes are noticeable and positive. The Apple file system is the most significant feature it brought. It enables the storage and encryption of a large number of files. Thus, it boosts performance and helps manage device memory issues. Apple also introduced new formats for video and photos in this version. These formats compress data - that’s a benefit as files can get huge with ever-rising resolutions. They added support for virtual reality headsets as well. Besides that, when it comes to Safari, Mac search engine, there are some notable improvements with the update. The users can now control annoying auto-play videos, prevent tracking, and more. There are also notification controls, and you will experience a boost in performance, too. The most noticeable changes took place in Apple’s Photo App, though. It went through a total revamp both visually in its interface and terms of tools and functions available. Many other discreet changes happened all over the system.
macOS Mojave – 10.14 macOS Mojave (version 10.14), first released on September 24, 2018, is the fifteenth major release of OS X, renamed macOS, Apple’s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS High Sierra and the predecessor of macOS Catalina. Following the California landmark-based naming scheme introduced with OS X Mavericks, Mojave was named after the Mojave desert. The standout feature in macOS Mojave is a system-wide Dark Mode, which extends beyond just the dock and the menu bar to full windows and apps, with native apps like Mail, Calendar, iTunes, Xcode, and more adopting the dark theme. Dark Mode is, of course, an optional feature, so users who prefer a lighter look can continue to use the light mode. A Dynamic Desktop option introduces wallpapers that subtly change throughout the day, while Desktop Stacks organize all your desktop files into neat piles arranged by type, date, or tag. Finder has been revamped with a Gallery View for previewing files one by one, and a Finder Sidebar offers up file information at a glance.
macOS Catalina – 10.15 macOS Catalina (version 10.15), released on October 7, 2019, is the sixteenth major release of OS X, renamed macOS, Apple’s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. Announced on June 3 at the 2019 Worldwide Developers Conference, it is the successor to macOS Mojave and the predecessor to macOS Big Sur. Following the California landmark-based naming scheme introduced with OS X Mavericks, Catalina was named after Santa Catalina Island, located in Southern California.
Catalina breaks the feature/fix tick-tock cycle to become the first version of macOS to only run 64-bit software. It also does away with iTunes to provide individual applications for discrete product functionality. macOS Catalina gives you more of everything you love about Mac. Experience three all-new media apps: Apple Music, Apple TV, and Apple Podcasts. Locate a missing Mac with the new Find My app. And now coming to Mac, your favorite iPad apps. You can even extend your desktop using iPad as a second display. Now you can take everything you do above and beyond. Apple Music • Stream and download over 50 million songs with an Apple Music subscription. • Access the iTunes Store to purchase songs or albums. • Find all the music you’ve purchased, downloaded, or imported from CDs organized in the improved library. Apple TV • Buy or rent the latest movie releases. • Subscribe to Apple TV channels to watch popular shows on demand and ad-free, online or off. • Start watching on one device and pick up where you left off on any of your other devices, including Apple TV, iPhone, iPad, and compatible smart TVs. Apple Podcasts • Find podcasts by title, topic, guest, host, and content. • Subscribe to your favorite podcasts to receive the latest episodes automatically. • Begin listening to an episode on your Mac, then seamlessly resume on your iPhone, iPad, or Apple Watch when you’re on the go.
Syncing and backup • Sync content and back up, update, and restore software from the Finder when you connect your iPhone or iPad to your Mac. App Store with Apple Arcade • Play 100+ groundbreaking new games with one subscription — no ads or additional purchases. • Browse the latest games, personalized recommendations, and exclusive editorial content in the all-new Arcade tab on the App Store. • Enjoy games across iPhone, iPod touch, iPad, Mac, and Apple TV. Mac Catalyst • Enjoy a new class of Mac apps built from your favorite iPad titles. Sidecar • Expand your Mac workspace by using your iPad as a second display. • Place one app on each screen, or put your main canvas on your Mac and your tools and palettes on your iPad. • Use Apple Pencil for tablet input when using your favorite creative pro Mac apps. Continuity Sketch and Markup • Create a sketch on your iPad or iPhone and insert it into any document on your Mac. • Use your iPad or iPhone to sign a PDF or mark up a screenshot on your Mac. Accessibility • Control your Mac entirely with your voice using Voice Control. • Enable Hover Text to display large, high-resolution text in a dedicated window. • Zoom in closely on one screen when using two displays for improved legibility with Zoom Display.
Security • Feel secure knowing that the apps you use have been checked by Apple for known malware. • Authorize access to data when apps request it using new data protections. Find My • Keep track of your devices and find friends and family with an easyto-use new app. • Help locate devices even if they’re not connected to Wi-Fi or cellular. • Use Activation Lock to protect Mac models with the Apple T2 Security Chip. Photos • Enjoy a new immersive, dynamic experience that showcases your best photos and memories. • View Memory Movies and edit their duration, mood, and title. Safari • Browse using an updated start page that surfaces sites from your history, bookmarks, reading list, iCloud Tabs, and even links sent to you in Messages. • Help secure your accounts using strong passwords suggested by Safari. Notes • View notes as visual thumbnails in gallery view. • Enjoy a more powerful search that recognizes text in items you’ve scanned and objects within images. • Share an entire folder of notes using shared folders.
Reminders • Use new edit buttons to add dates, locations, flags, attachments, and more to reminders. Mail • Take control of your inbox by muting a thread, blocking a sender, or unsubscribing from a mailing list. Screen Time • Gain insight into time spent using apps and websites and set usage limits. • Set up Family Sharing to use Screen Time with your family’s devices.
macOS Big Sur – 11 macOS Big Sur (version 11) is the seventeenth major release of macOS from Apple, succeeding macOS Catalina (version 10.15). It was announced on June 22 at the 2020 Worldwide Developers Conference and released on November 12, 2020. It was succeeded by macOS Monterey (version 12) on October 25, 2021. Big Sur features an iPadOS-style dock, translucent menus, and other new features closely tied to iOS 14. App design changes introducing full-height sidebars and more integrated toolbars. Simplified Dock interface. Application icons now conform to iOS’ Round Rect boxes. Control Center arrives to the Mac.
Notification Center is now more iOS-like, with grouped notifications inline with widgets, and all interactive. Safari: improved performance and energy consumption, new privacy protections, more customizable home screen, in-tab previews, data breach notifications, privacy reports, on-system translation service. Messages: group tracking, contextual linking, pinned conversations, inline replies, mentions, group photos, improved Memoji, stickers, hashtags and message searching. Maps: new trip-planning tools, location research tools, guides, EV and bicyle-centric route planning, 3D look Around, charging station tracking, indoor maps. App Store: Safari Extensions get their own area, privacy information enhanced. Photos: retouch now machine learning enhanced. Peripherals: AirPods now automatically switch across devices using macOS 11, iOS 14, iPadOS 14 and later. HomeKit: improved face recognition and activity zones. Music: iTunes/Apple Music now includes a Listen Now tab for curated music. Siri: better website integration. Software Update: improved updating mechanism; non-interactive bits happen in the background, update process sped up. Startup: The Mac startup chime is once again played by default upon booting. USB: Added USB4 support. Apple Silicon: Added support for new Macs with the Apple M1 processor, the MacBook Air, MacBook Pro and Mac mini.
macOS Monterey – 12 macOS Monterey (version 12) is the current major release of macOS, developed by Apple Inc. It was released on October 25, 2021 at 10 a.m. PT (Cupertino time) to succeed MacOS Big Sur. macOS 12 Monterey received its first preview during the WWDC21 keynote. The Mac software focuses on productive features, with a new Shortcuts app, Universal Control, AirPlay to Mac, Safari updates, and more. • • • • • • • • • • • •
New features in macOS 12 Monterey Universal Control Shortcuts app on macOS 12 Monterey FaceTime and SharePlay AirPlay to Mac Redesigned Safari macOS 12.1 features macOS 12.2 features macOS 12.3 features macOS 12 Monterey exclusive features to the M1 Macs macOS 12 Monterey device compatibility Hands-on with macOS 12 Monterey
