Uma単a Camacho, Carlos
Franz Kafka was born in 1883 in the Czech city of Prague (then belonging to Austria) to a German-speaking Jewish family. He was the only son, and he had three younger sisters. His father was a large, strong, brave man with a powerful personality. His mother was quieter. She was a thinker. Franz was a thinker. Franz was like his mother. He was also a thinker.
Franz was very small, skinny, and had a weak personality. When the family cook walked him to school each day (other children walked to school by themselves), the other boys teased him. After school, he liked to run with the older boys to show that he was strong. When the older boys got into fights with other boys, he got beat up and went home crying.
Franz was terrified of his father. Once, when he was three or four years old, he had gone to bed and could hear his mother and father talking in the next room. He called out for a glass of water. His father yelled at him to be quiet. When Franz yelled for water again and again, his father became angry. He ran into Franz´s room, grabbed him out of bed, and locked him outside in the dark. Franz never forgot how very afraid he was alone in the dark.
Franz Kafka studied law in Prague, and, in 1908, started to support himself as a clerk in an insurance company. Later he found an even better job and was well-liked. He wrote “The Metamorphosis” in 1912. Even though he was constantly getting promoted in his company and managed to get two novels published in his lifetime, he always felt that he was a disappointment to his father.
In 1917, he became sick with tuberculosis, a disgusting disease. He often coughed up a bloody, smelly substance. Because of this, Kafka had to often live in hospitals throughout Europe in order to soothe his lungs. In 1921, he saw a man dying from tuberculosis and was very frightened. He started to faint and ran out of the room. Although he was engaged
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many times, he never got married because he thought he would be a useless husband. In 1924, at the age of 40, he finally died of tuberculosis. We now realize that Kafka is one of the greatest German writers.
Main Characters Gregor Samsa - Man who supported his family but mysteriously turned into a roach one day. Grete Samsa - The sister of the roach man who fed and took care of the roach. Herr Samsa - The father of the roach who had to return to work when his son couldn’t. Frau Samsa - The mother of the roach who had to return to work when her son couldn’t. Minor Characters Lodgers - Disrespectful people that rented rooms in the Samsa flat. Charwoman - Cleaning lady who first found Gregor dead. Settings Gregor’s room - Gregor is locked up here and not allowed to roam about around the other rooms of the house. Dining room - The rest of the family spends most of its time here talking and eating. :
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My name is Fernando Uma単a. My opinion about of justice transvestites in Latin-American is very rooted. For example in Brazil the drugs and money are the law. It is because in the Favelas the people maintain silence about the action of the drug dealers who live in the city.I think the police known about this it but their action is small and tolerant. I see the handling of theme when someone the living in The Favelas has something bad and the police act without mercy. I want the law to be act equal for the people of the city with be people of Favelas. Regretfully the justice act of different forms and
is a show of convenience whit a
travesty man.
I am sitting in the morning At the diner on the corner I am waiting at the counter For the man to pour the coffee
And I'm turning to the horoscope And looking for the funnies When I'm feeling someone watching me And so I raise my head
And he fills it only halfway And before I even argue He is looking out the window At somebody coming in
There's a woman on the outside Looking inside does she see me? No she does not really see me Cause she sees her own reflection
'It is always nice to see you' Says the man behind the counter To the woman who has come in She is shaking her umbrella
And I'm trying not to notice That she's hitching up her skirt And while she's straightening her stockings Her hair is getting wet
And I look the other way As they are kissing their hellos I'm pretending not to see them Instead I pour the milk
Oh, this rain it will continue Through the morning as I'm listening To the bells of the cathedral I am thinking of your voice...
I open up the paper There's a story of an actor Who had died while he was drinking It was no one I had heard of
And of the midnight picnic Once upon a time Before the rain began... I finish up my coffee It's time to catch the train
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Visual or auditory support that transmits an advertising message Ad: Advertising: Joint means used to disseminate news or extend things or facts. Resorting to a higher court to revoke, amend or set aside the judgment unjustly supposed given by the bottom. Appeal: Thinking, judging, suspecting something or be persuaded of it. Believe: Get some money Buy: Person buying consumer products Consumers: That is efficiency. Effective: Speaking with emphasis. Emphasize: Something that is implicit. Even: Pay what you bought. Expenses: Stop having in mind what it was. Forget: Male or female Genders:
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Something that happens Happens: Bodily sense to perceive sounds. Hate: State of mind in which is presented as possible what we want. Hope: Willingness to do something. Humorous: Space where you enter Income: Typical example of a species of genus Kind: Person to whom a group is, recognizing it as the head or guiding Leading: Provides light to a large area Headlight: Not getting what you expect, want or love. Lose: Low rise Low: Posting about something Magazine: Interference into a communication process Noise: Send a place to something Placement: Mood or intention to do or not do something. Purpose: Person who offers a product Sell: Sound effects:
Something that produces various sounds That looks like something or someone.
Such: Achieve or acquire something Win: Affective movement toward something that fancy. Wish: Witches:
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Woman who makes magic with his pot and wand, can fulfill desires.
SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE 1. Use the simple present to Martin works in an office. state a fact or to tell about Martin sits in his office every day. something that happens regularly. His computer usually doesn´s work. Use the simple present with He is always tired. abverbs of frequency. (always, usually, often, sometimes, never). Note: Adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb but after the verb be.
Advice Again
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Opinion or given seem to do or not do something What is repeated either coincidentally or need
Ask Away Become Belive Carefull Caught on Complaint Deal Exposed Few File a complaint Fill Follow Forget Give Got Guy Happen Harmed Jail Leave Penny Phishing Proof Purchases Safe Shocking Solve Steal Stolen Sure Theft Thief Thieves Thousands Trick Ways Well
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Require a thing or response to something What can be found elsewhere Make change someone opinion, idea or religious belief Having faith in God or the word of people What does one thing very carefully Achieving something that goes fast Notification to the document by a violation of the law Trading in commodities or securities Present or display one thing in public to be seen Cantidad corta o escasa Expression of annoyance, displeasure or anger Completely fill a space Go down a certain path or address Memory loss Provide something to someone Owning a thing or enjoy it Man or woman whose name is unknown or omitted Something that occurs hurt something or someone Edificio destinado a la custodia y reclusi贸n de los presos Placing something in one place U.S. currency bronze, copper or nickel Deception for profit in the systems electronic Demonstration of the truth of something, or of its existence Acquire, own something made by money It is free from damage Something or someone scares Find solution to a problem Without permission person taking something that does not belong
Something that is not mine Someone who is sure of what he does or says Appropriating alien Person taking something that does not belong Several people taking something that does not belong Ten times a hundred Cheat to deceive others Way to do something Will suit someone
1. Use SHOULD to ask for advice. 2. Use SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, and OUTGHT TO to give advice. OUTGHT TO is generally not used with a negative in American English 3. Use HAD BETTER (´D BETTER) and HAD BETTER NOT (´D BETTER NOT) to give strong advice.
Above Become Blow my chance climbing Dry Endurance test Enjoy Fear Height Leisure Maybe Mean Race
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SHOULD I show them proof of identification? You SHOULD get a locked mailbox You SHOULDN´T send personal information by e-mail. You OUGHT TO ask your boss to keep your personal information in a locket file. You´D BETTER shred those papers You´D BETTER NOT throw those papers in the trash.
Something that is at high Someone change of opinion Look for an opportunity Climb to the top of the triumph Put the sun something that is not wet Make the body strives to maximum Seize the opportunities that life offers Have you panic to something or someone Elevated place or object Do something when you do not have to work or study When in doubt about something Make sense of things Participate in a race
Rainforests running race
Plot extensive and populous uncultivated tree participate with several players to reach a goal
Sand
Disaggregated set of particles of rocks and accumulated on the shores of the seas, rivers or in layers of drifts
Skateboarding
Levantarse del suelo con impulso y agilidad para elevarse y volver a caer sobre una tabla con ruedas
Skyding Speed
Jumping from a plane with a bracket that holds it in the air until it falls Go faster than normal
stages Strength Sufering Terrain Try Way Would
Each of the distance traveled between two stops of a journey Ability to move one thing that has weight Pain or physical or mental condition Extension or ground space Having the intention to do something Way of doing things Desire that something is done
REFLEXIVE AND RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS 1. Use a reflexive pronoun when the subject and object of a sentence are the same person or thing. The reflexive pronouns are: Myself------Ourselves Yourself----Yourselves Herself Himself Themselves Itself
Mary pushes himself to the limit. They put themselves in dangerous situations.
2. Use yourself/yourselves in (you) Believe in yourself and you will imperative sentences with reflexive succeed. pronouns. Use: (you) Prepare yourself for a tough race. ďƒź Youself when the subject is singular. ďƒź Youselves when the subjects is plural.
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3. Use a reciprocal pronoun when the subject and object are the same people, and the people have a relationship. Use: each other for two people one another for more than two people. Note: Often people use each other and one another in the same way. 4. Reciprocal pronouns and plural reflexive pronouns have different meanings.
Marge and Susan competed against each other. The athletes competed against one another.
Marge and Susan helped each other. Marge and Susan helped themselves.
ASKING FOR AND EXPRESSING OPINIONS What do you think about extreme sport? Use What do you think(about)….? To ask for a general opinion Use Do you think (that…) / Do you agree (with)…? To ask about specific points
Use I think to sound stronger and more certain. Use I´m pretty sure or It seems like to sound less certain and/or more polite. To agree with someone use: Yeah/yes… (I think) You´re right. I agree (with name). To disagree with someone use: Indirect: I don´t know I´m not sure about that. Indirect disagreement sounds more polite. Direct: I don´t think so. I disagree (with name) Direct disagreement sounds stronger and can be less polite.
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Do you think extreme sports are dangerous? Do you agree (with Eli) that extreme sports are dangerous? I think Bridgit won the race. I´m pretty sure Bridgit won the race. It seems like Bridgit won the race.
I think Ron is the best runner. Yeah, he is I think you´re right. I agree (with Michelle).
I don´t know. Jack is a great runner, too. I´m not sure about that. Jack is a great runner, too. I don´t think so. Jack is better. I disagree (with Kyoko). Jack is better.
Accent
Person speaking in a tone different from other
Aware of
It feels, thinks and acts with knowledge of his actions and their impact
Bright Deal with it
Someone or something unusual or exits other than on try to talk with someone
Dialect
Is a form of a language with grammar, pronuntiation, and vocabulary that differ from other forms of the language
Hopefully Identify
It tends to see and judge things considering their most favorable aspect Equal or similar high
Lay off Self-conscious Slowly
Lift, hang something on something or in the air Shameful and simple person What is not in a hurry
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Stereotype Teenagers
Idea or image accepted by most as a standard or model or behavioral qualities Person who is in youth
MODALS OF ABILITY AND POSSIBILITY 1. The modals CAN and COULD are followed by the base form of the verb. 2. Use CAN to express ability in the present. CAN´T is the negative of CAN. Use COULD to express ability in the past. COULDN´T is the negative of COULD. 3. CAN and COULD also express possibility in the future.
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I CAN DO that. COULD you hear me? She CAN speak English. He CAN´T speak French. Last year, I COULD say a few words in English. I COULDN´T have a conversation in English last year. Next year, you CAN study French. He COULD study more next time.
Approached
Put less distance of place or time
Borrowed Chilled Coat Date Fell on---Shone on Happen Obey Once upon Parents Pick
Give something to someone, provided you return it, for you to enjoy for a while Put or do you put something cold Used to provide warmth to the body Day, time and place to meet two or more people Light reflection Event that occurs somewhere Fulfill what is commanded Phrase that begins to stories People that protect their children Have to order what is messy
Seem Slowly
Having determined look or appearance or give a certain impression Go slowly toward a goal or purpose
Social
Group of people who meet regularly to discuss or recreate
Spring Storytelling
One of the four seasons, which runs between t he winter and summer Person dedicated to storytelling
Strict Wore on
adjusted exactly to the rule or law, without admitting exceptions Pass or run time
FUTURE PREDICTIONS WITH IF-CLAUSES 1. Use WILL+base form and WILL NOT (WON´T) + base form to make predictions about the future. WILL is usually contracted in speech. 2. Use probably with WILL. Probably comes between WILL and the main verb. In a negative sentence, probably comes before WON´T. 3. Use IF-CLAUSES to talk about
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It WILL rain again next week. Tourist WON´T COME to the shops and restaurants. They´LL STAY home. Business WILL PROBABLY BE slow all week. I PROBABLY WON´T MAKE enough money.
If the rain continues, we´ll have a lot of
possible results in the future. In the main clause, use WILL+base form. In the IF-CLAUSE, use simple present. The IF-CLAUSE can come before or after the main clause. When it comes first, use a comma between the clauses.
Afraid Approach Dress Driveway
Folktales Gravestone Growled
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problems. We´ll have a lot of problems if the rain continues.
Person who is impressed in an unexpected situation Placing emphasis on a specific point Cover the body with clothes Where vehicles are left parked Relationship, orally or in writing, of a false event or pure invention and belonging to a people Message that is placed where a deceased lying dead A person who gets angry easily
Headlights Lonely Storytelling Strict
Weeds Whispered Yelled
Tall tower on the coast, with light at the top, to serve overnight travelers signal Person living unaccompanied Person who tells stories in public Person with rigid and firm decisions People who are not a good example for society and walk the wrong path Noise resulting from soft to whisper Raise your voice more than usual
INFINITIVES OF PURPOSE 1. Use an infinitive of purpose to explain the purpose of an action. Use to+base form Use in order to+base form. If often answers the questions Why?
2. Use in order not to+base form to explain a negative purpose. In informal speech, you can also use because+a reason to express a negative purpose. 3. To+base form is more common in informal speech. In order to+base form is more common in formal speech and writing.
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Storytellers change their voices to cange the feeling of a story. They can speak faster in order to make the story more exciting. A: Why do storytellers use these techniques? B: They use them to make their stories more interesting. They also use different character voices in order not to confuse the audience. They also use different character voices because they don´t want to confuse the audience. The students will sit in the front row to hear the storyteller better. The students will sit in the front row in order to hear the storyteller better.
Once upon a time, in a country named Vegeta a child was born named Fernando Z. In other planet named Namekusei the same day, another child born and his name is Hugo H. Both were abandoned on Planet Pluto when Vegeta and Namekusei exploded by his enemy Freezer. In the beginning they are very good friend and when knew his powers, decided be partners fight the good When they turned 20 years old, Fernando Z met a girls named Isabel III, Queen of EscazĂş Town. She studying in the night in the castle UNA, close Heredia Town. Hugo H was angry and the next day, threw a GENKIDAMA of evil but Fernando Z managed to remove it. Hugo thought he had killed. Three months late, Hugo H looking for Isabel III but Fernando Z it was boyfriend and lived with her on planet Earth Six years late, Fernando and Isabel married and five years more, they expected their first child.
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Today, that child has 10 years and play with his friend Freezer Junior because he decided forgiving the past. His name is Cristopher T. And they all lived happily ever after.
Alone Ashamed Consumption habits Convince
That no one for protection or comfort feel sorry to a situation or person used to eating in a way Get a person creates or decide to do something
Fossil fuels
Body or substance that can burn, especially if that produces energy
Gained Have a blast
Set of grazing animals that are bred for exploitation Situation very satisfying filling
Insane Local economy
Suffering from a degeneration of their mental faculties Saving
Natural world Produce honey Right Secondhand Self-sufficient
Enjoy a place full of flora and fauna in harmony with man resulting by bees Straight, it does not buckle to the sides what someone else has already used person who is sufficient unto itself
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Slippery slope
place where it is not safe to walk because you can stumble
Worth doin
possibility of risk to achieve a goal without fear of losing
a. Common nous:
NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS People ( child, boss ) Places ( city, farm ) Things: house, money
Abstract nouns: refer to ideas and feeling
2. Some nouns are count nouns, ideas you can count separately. Other nouns are non-count nouns, ideas cannot count separately. Some nouns have both a count and a non-count meaning.
Abstract: freedom, love, stress, time
I have an idea We have two problems I’m under a great deal of stress I didn’t have enough freedom. We had a good time at the party. ( cout / time of experience ) I don’t have any time today. ( non-count / time of availability )
3. Use quantifiers some, enough, a lot of and any
4. Use a few, several, and many with plural. Use a little, a great deal of, and much with singular. 5. Use many and much
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There are a lot of reasons to simplify your life. He got into a lot of trouble Do you have any worries? ( questions ) I don’t have any fear ( negative sentences). There are several reasons to simplify your life. You will have a great deal of happiness.
Many is count nouns Much is non-count nouns
How many questions do you have? I don’t have many questions. How much effort did you put in? I didn’t put in much effort.
Against Agreement Annoy o bother Behave Belief Cold pie Couples Daily
Different opinions on the situation that arises, have another point of view Decide something in common opinion by else Cause disagreement with something or someone Behave in a proper way against someone Certainty we have of one thing Flour product that likes kids Set of two people or things that have some correlation or similarity Notebook where confidential information is recorded
Doubt for marry Occurs Quirk Switch Tie the knot
When you're boyfriend or girlfriend and not sure if you want to have a partner for life Event that occurs at some point person who does what he wants it his way Give or receive one thing for another to replace it Marry without fear of making mistakes
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COMPARATIVES AND EQUATIVES 1. Use as + adjective + as
I have been married as long as my brother. I have eating as rich as I don’t like sweets.
2. Use comparative adjectives to express the idea of “more”. a. adjetive (er) + than with one-syllable adjetives. b. If an adjective ends in -y, change the -y to –i and add -er + than c. Use more + adjective + than with adjetives that have two or more syllables. 3. Use comparatives to express the idea of “less”. a. Use less + adjective + than b. Use not as + adjective + as. With one-syllable adjective, not as…..as is more common than less…..than. 4. There are some irregular comparative form. 5. It’s not necessary to mention both parts of the comparison when the meaning is clear:
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My brother has been married longer than I have. My second marriage is happier than my first. As a gift, flowers are more romantic than books.
My wife is less patient than I am. Our marriage is not strong as used to be.
Bad Worse Good Better My brother has been married longer. Flowers are more romantic.
Able Amount Appliances Ashamed
It has capacity to hold something This in between two things or people Device used for the house and has electricity That gives worth a given situation
Cabbie Challenging Coal Crown
Person who transports a person from one place to another in exchange for money Facing another person without fear Solid material, lightweight, black Set of flowers and leaves arranged in a ring
Electric things Explain
Are for use at home eg washing, ironing, cooking, listening to music, etc., use to make ends meet have to pay an invoice Themselves understood
Fossil fuel Grow Guilty Hanging clothes Owner
They may burn or tend to it and it becomes dead beings based When a baby stops being small someone who is given a penalty for an action draw the sun clothing someone who owns a business
Pollution Put a thing aside ( next ) Sad Soport the greenhouse gases Study
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Intense pollution of water or air, waste produced by industrial processes or biological put something in another place someone who is afflicted by a fact or event Gases which are present in Earth's atmosphere Mental effort applied to learn, memorize or learn anything
Successful Turn off light Warmer
person who meets your goals to be left in the dark container which serves to generate heat
Weather
Period during which someone lives or something happens
Wood stoves
article to which the grandmother cooked the food without using electricity
MODALS OF NECESSITY Use have to and must to tell when something is necessary. Have to is usually for conversation and informal writing. Must is used most often in writing Note. Must is stronger than have to Use have to for all tenses.
We have to find ways to reduce emissions We must stop global warming.
We have to make changes today. We had to start making changes years ago. We ‘ll have to make changes in the future. We must make changes today We must make more changes in the future.
Use must only for present and future tenses. Use have to for questions. Note: Must is almost never used in questions. Use don‘t / doesn‘t have to when something is not necessary (when there is a choice ). Use must not when something is prohibited (when there is no choice ) Note: In spoken English, can‘t is often used instead of must not.
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What do individuals have to do? Do they have to stop driving? We don‘t have to drive everywhere
We must not / can‘t wait too long to make changes.
Death Penalty Abolition in Chile
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In Chile the death penalty existed as such since the time of the conquest.
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During the 126 years of existence in Chile of capital punishment were executed in the country 58 Chileans.
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However, once arrival of democracy in 1990, both Aylwin and Frei president acquitted each of those sentenced to death.
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Of that total, 29 committed crimes of robbery with homicide, three murder with rape, one murder and one assault with homicide fire.
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The first implemented in Chile was charged with robbery with homicide and faced the firing squad on February 3, 1890.
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The last execution was recorded on January 29, 1985 in the case of so-called "psycho of Viña del Mar", which were shot by two former police officers.
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The Chilean penal code provided for the death penalty (by firing squad) in the case of murder of a family member, child abduction or violence against children, abduction of adults who had caused the death and murder of police officers.
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In Chile, the death penalty is retained in the Code of Military Justice, for certain crimes committed in wartime.
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Chile became the April 3, 2001 under the leadership of President Ricardo Lagos in the 109th country in the world to abolish the death penalty, then the House of Representatives approved the project that replaces this punishment by life imprisonment effective than forty years as the maximum penalty country's legal system for cases sanctioned by the Penal Code, the Law on State Security and the Military Justice (in peacetime, because the conviction was maintained for wartime).
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The death penalty violates the right to life?
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The Sixth Commandment says "Thou shalt not kill" (Ex. 20:13). Governments that pursue the death penalty are guilty of killing?
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You believe that the murderers of innocent there should be the death penalty?
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Do you think the solution is crime in the death penalty or in the rescue of values?
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Every person has the inalienable right to respect for his life, a right that can be suspended for any reason.
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The application of the death penalty has irrevocable consequences, foreclose the correction of judicial error and eliminate any possibility of rehabilitating those convicted.
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The abolition of the death penalty helps to ensure a more effective protection of the right to life.
Advocate Anger
Arrested Briefly Consequences Discipline Gets carried Have learned
Have switched
Have warned Misbehavior
Peace Permissive
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Person who protects the rights of others Appetite or desire for revenge Private provisionally released by a competent authority In short extension or duration Followed event or results from other Whoever follows the processes in order Who listens to the opinions of others Learning is the knowledge gained Situation or look different than they were had before This warned of the possible consequences of a situation or action Not an example to anyone for the way he Good relations between those who are not at war Someone tells all if
Prize Problem solving Punish Short-term
Reward, reward or compensation given by any merit or service Putting an end to a problem Correct a person for their actions Little time to achieve a goal
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 1. Use the present perfect…. To talk about things that happened at an indefinite time in the past. To talk about things that started in the past, continue in the present, and may continue into the future. 2. Use has/have just….to talk about events that happened not too long ago in the past. 3. To form the present perfect, use have/has (not) +the past participle. To form yes/no questions, begin with have/has. To form wh-questions, begin with a wh-word.
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Many doctors have warned that spanking is harmful. (We don´t know when they said this). During the past 10 years, most parents have swiched from spanking to problem solving as their main method of discipline. (then years ago parents started to discipline differently, and they will probably continue to do this). Some countries have just decided to make spanking against the law. (It´s new law that was passed recently). The problems of parenting have(not) changed. Have you talked with your doctor about parenting issues? Why have you stopped spanking your child?
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Microplast is a company that produces plastic, is run by a family. Mr. Jorge Emilio Looser is the founder and the President, his daughter Erika Looser is the general manager. His others sons are also in the Administration Area.
It is 100% costarrican business. This is a small - medium size industry. They have around 60-70 employees. Eleven people work in the administration and sales department. The rest of them are in the operation department.
The operation department is divided in two big areas. The injection-molding floor and the blow-molding floor. You will find a Chief of floor; he administers the orders of production. He coordinates with the chief of mechanics. The mechanics start the machines, adjusting each machine so they blow or inject the mold properly and according to the clients demand. The quality control department is observing constantly that the product is produce within the parameters of a technical sheet. They take care of weight of the bottle, color, stability, capacity and final finish within other parameters.
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They have clients in Panama and Nicaragua. They have two large trucks and a little van with these trucks they delivery the plastic within the San Jose and surroundings. The van in used mainly to transport the resin and other materials needed in the plant.
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