TAEWOOK KANG M.Arch / UC Berkeley taewookkang@berkeley.edu www.wallplay.net
TAEWOOK KANG academic & professional works 2005-2017
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PROLOGUE
RHIZOME GENERATOR
M.S. Degee Thesis p04
representative works 01 CREATIVE LAPUTA - MONEUAL HEADQUARTERS Professional Work / Completed in 2014 / Corporate headquarters p06
02 ADAPTIVE SMARTSCREEN Academic Work / Tropical Conservatory p16
03 URBAN CORRIDORS Academic Work / Public Library p22
04 A WALL, IN-BETWEEN Competition / Transportation Center p32
academic works 05 SUPERSURFACE Academic Work / Form-finging and Panelization p38
06 3D-PRINTABLE JOINT STUDY Academic Work / Detail Research p42
07 HOVERING PAVILION Academic Work / Architectural Installation p44
08 BENDING-ACTIVE PLATE PROTOTYPE Academic Work / Meterial and Structural Research p50
09 FIBER PLANT ENCLOSURE : ORIGINS Academic Work / Architectural Installation p56
10 ASTRONOMERS’ CRATER Competition / Astronomical Observatory p60
11 FLEXIBLE HOME Competition / Housing Proposal p64
professional works 12 THE OIL DEPOTS Professional Work / Cultural p68
13 UNDERGROUND CAMPUS PROJECT in Yonsei University Professional Work / Completed in 2016 / Educational p74
14 YONSEI MEDICAL SCHOOL DORMITORY Professional Work / Completed in 2017 / Residential p78
15 PARADISE CITY PLAZA (ROOF STRUCTURE) Professional Work / Under Consruction / Hotel and Commercial p80
16 HANWHA R&D CENTER / 17 MANSEONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Professional Works p82
18 NAVY MEMORIAL HALL / 19 KOREA TELECOM LANDMARK TOWERS Professional Works p84
RESUME
p86
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PROLOGUE
RHIZOME GENERATOR
Rhizome is originally a botanical term and stands for a stem in the soil that is formed by the change in the stem; it is also called rootstock or rhizome root. This has the opposite meaning from that of a stratified tree model.
M.S. Degree Thesis Yonsei University 2009
Thesis Advisor: Sang Jun Lee Paper Examiner: Moongyu Choi / Sangyoon Lee
Centralized
Decentralized
Extract some passages from Master’s Thesis “A Study on the Embodiment of Rhizomic Architecture.”
Rhizomic
In his book Mille Plateaux, Philosopher Gilles Deleuze contrasts the rhizome with the hierarchically stratified tree structure and says that the rhizome exhibits non-hierarchical and horizontal plurality that is not integrated into a unified structure or system. The horizontal plurality contains “relativity of position,” meaning that locations and relationships of all objects are relative and nothing is fixed, and “variability of relationship” meaning that relationships open in various directions without a center and consistently change the term that is connected to each given relationship changes. For example, a mole tunnel has the rhizomic structure that is connected to a number of caves that function as food procurement, movement, hiding, and access. Hypertext on the internet is not also composed of one established path. Each site on the internet that is spread sporadically is connected to each other and is directly accessible through a mouse click without knowledge of the whole structure or the recognition of paths; thus, one can continuously move to another site. This implementation does not require a linear and sequential process, being random and non-sequential. The rhizomic system has several characteristics. First, any point in the system can be connected to the other point. In other words, the structure is not systematic. It has neither a hierarchical concept of which one is higher or lower nor a sequential concept of which one is first or later. Second, the rhizomic structure is a connection of various heterogeneous points, with each point lacking subject or object, a just difference from each other. Therefore, the subject and object are interchangeable and do not provide any clue about the whole directory. Third, even if disconnected at any one point, it can start again on one of the drawn lines or new lines. This is exhibited well in the hypertext on the World Wide Web, and the transfer to another can connect to the new site even if rupture with the previous site occurs. Fourth, there is neither emulation nor similarity between any points. In other words, each point has a different respective function and shows a heterogeneous aspect of a division. When applying these rhizomic grounds into architectural space, the characteristics of the rhizome have their own meaning by the medium of “action” and “events,” both of which are experienced by users who use the architectural space. In Modern Times, Chaplin’s process of creating a myriad of events and finding connection points in downtown London moves the infinite area when viewed from the urban point of view. However, if the active area is limited to “buildings,” individuals “connect” with different possibilities from cities depending on the nature of the established environment. Modern architectural structures have limited this natural flow to pursue “functional rationality.” The “Rhizome Generators” are an architectural rhetoric for restoring the fundamental urban movement in buildings. I believe these tries play a significant role in developing human relations and offer flexible solutions to respond to complex programs in this day and age. I have explored the possibilities of the Rhizome Generator through various design approaches in my architectural career so far.
“Eating oysters with boxing gloves, naked, on the nth floor” Rem Koolhaas, Delirious New York, p.159, 1978
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“Neiborhood” Leon Ferrari, 1980
“Generating Rhizomic Encounter”
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01: CREATIVE LAPUTA
- MONEUAL HEADQUARTERS Professional Work / Intermediate Designer Gansam Architects & Partners Nov.2011 - May.2013
Completed in 2014
Client : Moneual Inc. Site : Yeongpyeong-dong, Jeju Island, Korea Total Floor Area : 22,560 m2 Worked mainly on SD / DD / CD (19 months) Being participated as a Main Designer and Supporting for Construction supervision
This project is the corporate headquarters complex of Moneual Inc., a Korean IT company manufacturing innovative products. The client requested an office town complex including its Headquarters, Corporate Training Center, R&D Center, Product Testing Facilities, and Dormitory, as the company relocated from Seoul to Jeju Island. I identified two needs of the company. Moneual Inc. was drawing attention worldwide for its innovative ideas, and was envisioning another leap forward using this new company building as a springboard. Accordingly, a space to stimulate the imagination and to develop creative ideas was needed. Secondly, as many programs for corporate activities are included in a single site, suitable connecting spaces among the programs were necessary to promote work efficiency. I assembled the areas of all communal spaces, which were “peripheral spaces without specific purposes,” and proposed a huge loop, named “Cloud,” which circulates the entire town and can generate a wide range of chemical reactions at various contact points. As a single boundless field, the Cloud is a powerful rhizome-production-tool that helps workers to form a multilateral connection at various points and to carry out creative activities.
(Main Concept / Design and Planning /3D / Visualization / BIM / DD Drawings / Fabrication Support)
Site
In this project I worked as a main designer, and I was involved in the entire process from competition to completion of the construction. In the design process, I primarily used Rhinoceros. Specifically, I used it for simulating form options for proper connection between the CLOUD and box masses in the schematic design phase, and for fabricating members in the construction process.
Baekrokdam Lake Jeju University Building
Seoul Halla Woodland
KOR E A
+447.0 +434.0 +430.0
Jeju Science Park
Jeju Island
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7
The CLOUD : as a “Rhizome Generator� The CLOUD is a platform that can be accessed from various paths around. This platform is filled with many continuous communal programs so that employees can share the ideas from their work spaces, wherever they are, by accessing CLOUD.
Function
Rooftop
GL+ 9,400 to 13,500 Test Headquarter Dorm
R&D Institute
Third floor GL+ 9,400
Under the CLOUD The emptied courtyard works as the central square of the entire town, which can be the background of many field events. Second floor GL+ 5,300
In the CLOUD The Cloud ring intersects with surrounding functions in the town and is filled with many communal programs.
First floor GL+ 200
On the CLOUD The roof has a circulating landscape loop. Several leisure and sports facilities are set on it for supporting various employee activities.
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Cloud
Path
The CLOUD consists of three circular layers: a ground level layer, a middle layer, and a roof level layer. The circle forming each layer are divided into 20 sectors, and vertically raising or lowering the control points of the sectors creates continuous three-dimensional surfaces that are linked to different floors of the individual buildings. Overlapping with individual buildings, this space creates many intersections. These are filled with various communal programs.
CLOUD
R&D
Void
Lower Layer
Upper Layer
Mid Layer
GL+ 200 to 5,300
GL+ 9,400 to 13,500
GL+ 9,400
Library
Farm
Fitness Center
Lobby
Cafeteria
Barbecue Yard Open Bar
Meditation Garden
Footbath
Media Lab
Sports Field
Meeting Zone
Computer Station
Exhibition Zone
Headquarter Test Chamber Dormitory
Institute R&D Center
9
9
8
8 8
7 4
10
2
1 11
10 Main Entrance
5
3
6
9
12 5
11
10 1
6 2 Ground Plan (Cloud) 1 Main Lobby 2 Library 3 Exhibition Zone 4 Interlocking Zone 5 Meeting Zone 6 Computer Station
2F Plan (Box Masses) 7 Call Center 8 Shield Room 9 Safety Zone 10 Inspection Chamber 11 R&D Office 12 Meeting Room
(Cloud) 1 Interlocking Zone 2 Meeting Zone 3 Computer Station 4 Open Bar 5 Newsstand 6 Mini Cinema 7 Meditation Garden
(Box Masses) 8 Office 9 Meeting Room 10 R&D Office 11 Dorm Rooms 12 Lecture Room 13 Seminar Room
Box masses and the CLOUD have no, or fuzzy, boundaries. This enables variable connections among programs, encouraging free exchange among employees in different fields, while also allowing flexible responses to changes in program use in the future.
Training Institute
A
Sec A - A’
10
CLOUD
R&D Center
CLOUD
Prod
7 9 1 5 8
13
7
12
8
8
6
4
5
4
2
11
3
9 3 12
10
1
7
3F Plan
13
duct Test Center
(Cloud) 1 Interlocking Zone 2 Open Bar 3 Fitness Center 4 Mini Cinema 5 Newsstand 6 Roof Garden 7 Foot Bath 8 Sports Field
11 (Box Masses) 9 Lecture Room 10 Seminar Room 11 Office 12 Executive Suite
A
CLOUD
Headquarter
CLOUD
Dormitory
CLOUD
A’
Training Institute
A’
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Constructions (Aug.2012 - Mar.2014) The Building was completed in February 2014, after a 6 month construction design period and an 18 month construction period. Realization of the hovering curved surface of the CLOUD was hardest in the construction process, for which the structural approach of supporting with a cantilever in the buildings on both sides without columns was chosen. This then, changed to a reinforced concrete approach that included thin columns due to a construction efficiency issue. Some of the columns were shaped into the form of the characters of MONEUAL, the name of the company, creating the appearance that the company name props up the structure.
B
B’
Vierendeel Truss for overbridge area
Pre-stressed Concrete Steel Structure RC
C
Sec B - B’
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Elevation C
13
14
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02: ADAPTIVE SMARTSCREEN
As an overall introduction, this project involves top-down design method in regard to the abstraction and purposes of bio-inspired role models. The scenario is to create a climatically adaptive tropical greenhouse architecture located in the arid area of Berkeley botanical garden, Northern California. Consequently, The greenhouse allows visitors to be engaged, educated and entertained. In regard to that, the design strategy is to take advantage of various biological principles and select role models for a smart manner to guide the design concept and execution, those will be beneficial to improve some of the greenhouse architectural segments comparing to conventional greenhouses or climatic architectures. This device-like architecture positions itself as an optimization of conventional architecture, under the influence of bioinspired methodology.
Arch205A / Fall 2016 UC Berkeley Aug.2016 - Dec.2016
Instructor : Simon Schleicher
Regarding the diversity of plants cultivated at tropical botanical garden and the changing land level on site, to manage the correlation between plants exhibited and natural appearance, the entire concept takes reference from the jungle strata principle. Therefore, in the angle of section view, the “microclimate� varies according to the land level change and eventually to generate different climate zones to accommodate corresponding plants for exhibition. Nevertheless, the greenhouse is still integrity, it is the SmartScreens that allows the existence of segregated climatic zones.
Worked mainly on Bio-inspired Design Research / Mass and Interior Design / Digital Simulation (Rhino / Grasshopper3d / Karamba)
Overstory
50m
40m Canopy
30m
Understory
20m
Shrub Layer
10m
Floor
Tropical Forest Strata
The Climate of the site, the northern California area, has a huge daily temperature range even though the average temperature does not change significantly throughout the year. Tropical plants, which we need to grow, however, require a wide spectrum of climatic conditions from the subtropical to the temperate and Glasshouse has to artificially create conditions for this.
Site
UC Botanical Garden in Berkeley, CA
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N 1
SmartScreen : as a plant-adaptive climate controller The SmartScreen lands over the vegetated terrain and controls the climate below. This screen works as an adaptive shade by changing its iris transmissivity according to the sun’s angle, season, diurnal variation, and collects dewdrops from the air using huge day-to-day temperature variations, contributing to the internal humidity control.
2 5 4
3
Shade Control
Zone A Zone B
6
1 Arid House 4 Conference Hall 2 Tropical House (Old) 5 Higher Access 3 Administration Office 6 Lower Access
Zone C
Humidity Control
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Designing the Terrain and the Shell Design process includes both Shell and Terrain. The Bottom of the building should meet naturally with the top and bottom entrances from the outside and be designed to be buried in the ground to exploit the geothermal energy around it. I placed a matrix of hexagonal modules inside and assigned them to the plant-pot and the visitor circulation, respectively. And I designed the Shell like a Trefoil shape with only the edges touched to the ground without any pillars, keeping the slope similar to the terrain below.
Terrain leveling study
Shell shape study using SLA Printer
Sec A - A’
Water Resorvoir Zone A Drought
Access / Exit Lv. +0.00 ft
Zone B Mid Amount of Moisture
Zone C Large Amount of Moisture Access / Exit Lv. -8.00 ft
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Plant-pot Modules S : 24.2 ft2 M : 76.2 ft2 L : 184.3 ft2
Lamela Folds Effective interfacial Area: 3,268 ft2
Passive Water Supplying Network
Inspired from “Lithops Lesliei” As a sectional strategy, The Lithops’ double layer is taken as reference and developed as SmartScreen, the top screen functions as sunlight and moisture filtration, while the lower thermal wall keeps warmth. In the skin part of the lithops, there is a distinctive hairy feature. This feature helps to catch moisture effectively from fog and morning dew in drought climates and keeps body temperature efficiency during night.
Hair Covering Collect Dewdrop
Hair covering
Window Screen Light
Watery Tissue Chlorenchyma Thermal Wall Keep Temperature
A
A
A’
A’
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Detail of the SmartScreen The Outer skin of the smart screen is coated with fine hairy particles to collect dewdrop in the air. The collected water flows down along the hydrophobic-coated drain and will be stored in the reservoirs of the conservatory. The reservoir water flows into the water network and is transmitted as moisture supplies to each plant pot, maintaining their specifically required humidity.
Vent
I invented the “Stretchable-fabric Shade Mechanisms� to create a shade that can gradually change the transmissivity according to the intensity of light. This is based on the idea that if a hole is punched at regular intervals in a stretchable fabric, the size of the hole will vary depending on the degree of pulling the fabric. There is a motor that pulls the fabric at one edge of the window, which is connected to the light sensor and controls the shade according to the degree of light.
Beams (Main Structure) Dewdrop Intake Holes Water Duct Hydrophobic-coated Drain with Hairy Surface
Stretchable-fabric Shade Mechanisms Stretch
Stretch
Motor
Full Shade 10% Transmissivity
Motor
Partial Shade 50% Transmissivity
Full Sun 90% Transmissivity
Zone A
Zone D
Zone E Zone C
Zone B Full Sun Partial Sun Sun to Partial Shade Partial Shadehade
Shade Distribution Diagram
Classification of Tropical Plants Sun Requirements Moisture Requirements Soil Condition
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Sun Very drought tolerant Well-drained soil
Sun Drought Well-drained soil
Sun Water lover Rich, Sandy, Moist, Wet soil Part shade to full sun Regular amounts of moisture Well-drained soil
Zone A
Sun Drought tolerant Poor soil
Sun Regular amounts of moisture Humusy, Well-drained soil
Sun Aquatic Rich soil
Sun to partial shade Water lover Average soil
Sun to partial shade Aquatic Rich, Humusy, Moist soil
Zone D Partial shade Regular amounts of moisture Humusy, moist, well-drainage
Partial shade Water lover, Perfect drainage Sandy soil
Partial shade Water lover Light, porous, well-drained soil
Zone C
Zone B Sun Regular amounts of moisture Average soil Very Bright shade Water lover Rich, Moist, Well-drained soil
Zone E Part to full shade Water lover Moist, rich, well-drained soil
Structural Analysis (with Karamba 3d) I did a structural simulation using Karamba 3d to design the trefoil shell covering an area of 9,800 sqft without columns. Out of the six outer edges of the Trefoil Shell, four edges touch the ground and work as subgrade reaction points; the other two edges work as entrance canopies. I applied the calculated beam profile to the final design. Structure Factors
Beam Profile (mm)
Number of Beams
219
Beam # Width Web Thick Height
Support Points
136
100A
100
80
8
96
160A
160
126
9
144
Gravity Load
G=(6.673Âą0.000008) Ă— 10-11Nm2kg
100B
100
90
8
106
160B
160
134
9
152
Shell Load
-4kn
120A
120
90
8.5
107
180
160
152
9.5
171
Base Profile
I-Beam
Beam # Width Web Thick Height
120B
120
100
8.5
117
200
200 170
9.8
189
120C
120
110
8.5
127
220
220 188
11
210
140A
140
116
8.5
133
240
240 200
12
224
140B
140
116
9
134
280
280 240
13
266
Vent Modules
Access Adaptive Screen Modules
Beams
Access
Longspan Beam for Entrance Canopy
Geo-thermal Wall
Eulerian Circuit as a Rhizome-production-tool
Plant Bed
Subgrade Reactions 21
03: URBAN CORRIDORS Studio Work / Spring 2007 Yonsei University
Mar.2007 - Sep.2007 / Revised in 2015
FIRST PLACE
Yonsei Architecture Awards 2007 Instructor : Sang-jun Lee (AIA)
Most universities in Korea have fenced-off campuses with walls. This scheme has the advantage of maintaining the academic atmosphere with a clear boundary of the university; however, it has the disadvantage of making active communication with the local community difficult. In this environment, campus-surrounding areas are disconnected from college culture due to consumer-oriented excessive commercialization. The Sinchon Commercial District in Seoul is an extreme case of such campus-surrounding areas. Sinchon is the area with the largest transient population in their 20s in Seoul. This has been a gathering spot for a great number of young people as well as college students. However, as the adjacent Yonsei University has a typical fenced-off campus, and even a railroad at the boundary, traffic between the campus and the Sinchon area has long been limited. Based on the premise of this condition, I deliberated on how the relationship between the university and the local community can be restored. I proposed a satellite campus linked remotely by designating a spot in the Sinchon area as its site. The satellite campus was conceived to generate transformation in the Sinchon area as an urban learning hub to provide the community with selected educational programs and to be available for communication among students. It was expected ultimately to serve as a catalyst for gradual change of the cultural environment of Sinchon in a natural way and with least conflict.
College Area
Campus
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Local Community
Satellite
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1 Deleting several old structures. The Site is the last remaining undeveloped area in the Sinchon area. It has old houses, small commercial buildings, and a few abandoned structures. A plot for a new structure was prepared by clearing away a few structures which it had been determined would be better to rebuild.
d
e
Eulerian Loops as a “Rhizome Generator� The Eulerian Loop is a closed curve in a three-dimensional space and has the topology of a circle. However, unlike a circle, the curve of the Eulerian Loop intersects at multiple points. These allow rhizome network in generating multiple paths at each intersection that create a diverse pattern of routes.
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Proposal : Weaving into the city matrix The project began with the idea of weaving a new building into an old building, as in knitting. This is an effective strategy to combine two heterogeneous tectonic elements into one.
3 Build Open Spaces.
2 Units for regeneration Some of the existing structures are directly, or indirectly, linkable with programs of new structures.
4 Stitch Corridors through the old context.
A sunken courtyard is created by moving down the surface level. This makes an urban void which can serve as a setting for various urban activities, while linking both sides of the property.
The masses with a thread-like narrow volume are stitched with the surrounding buildings as they are layered up.
b
a
c
c g f
d
a e
View Orientation(toward) f b
g
a. College Panoramic b. Bukhansan National Park c. Jongro Historic District d. Seoul Tower e. Downtown Gangnam f. Sinchon Panoramic g. Local Streetview
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1
3
Section A - A’ 0 1 2
5
10
1 2 3 4
Bookstack Reading Deck Mixed Zone Square
5 6 7 8
Cafe(Linked) Existing Programs(Linked) South Entrance East Entrance
The masses hovering in the air in a linear form allows an open space through which enough sunlight shines while occupying necessary program areas. The appearance of the new structure naturally blends in with the existing City-Scape of Sinchon, without damaging it.
7
Elevation B
26
5
2
6
1
4
A
B A’
8
27
6
2
Entrance West
Entrance East
2
1 7 5
4
7
2
3 2
Entrance South
3
1
3
1F Plan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Courtyard Communication Field Mixed Zone (Linked) Information Desk Office Exhibition (Linked) Existing Shops
0 2 4
28
12
24m
Communication Field on 1F
4
3 2 1 4
1
7
5
6
8 9
3 8
3-4F Plan
2F Plan 1 2 3 4
Bookstacks Outdoor Reading Deck Existing Shops (Linked) Service Core
02 4
12
24m
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Bookstacks Studio Cells Seminar Rooms Auditorium Lecture Room Ballroom Roof Garden Promenade Existing Shops (Linked)
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The Urban Void leads to unexpected catalysis in the city. The courtyard created in the middle of the site serves as a setting for special events such as performances and exhibits, and social exchanges such as a book market and second-hand market.
Learning Hub The Learning Hub provides the space for various learning activities, as well as to educational content, to college students and local residents. Bookstacks are filled with journals and magazines in various fields which contain the latest information, and these are updated with new books every month. Old books are sent down to the basement floor to be sold to the public via a book market. Programs are interlocked with existing commercial facilities through various stitched contact points.
1
2
3
Latest Title
Proceding Title
4 Market of Back Issues
2 3
1
4
Bookshelf Lift
30
Year
Third-Fourth Corridor GL+ 9,400 to 13,400
Media Lab Auditorium Seminar Rooms Lecture Rooms Restaurants (Linked)
Second Corridor GL+ 5,200 to 9,200 Bookstack Reading Deck
Connection with Surroundings
First Corridor GL+ 200
Communication Field Cafe (Linked) Gallery (Linked)
Basement / Sunken GL- 5,400
Book Market Administration Office
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04:
A WALL, IN-BETWEEN Competition Work
Feb.2007 - Jun.2007 / Revised in 2015
GRAND PRIZE
The 4th Do.co,mo.mo_Korea Design Competition Collaboration as a leader with 2 members Mainly worked on: Concept / Design and Planning / 3D / Visualizations
Seoul Station and its Plaza have been the symbols of modernization of Korea, with its tumultuous past, since the Korean War. However, since the dazzling appearance of the new station building, with the launch of the high-speed rail KTX, the historical context of the old Seoul Station was cut off instantly, and significant changes have taken place in the surrounding urban landscape. The old Seoul Station building, which served as the gate to Seoul for a century, has vanished into the obscurity of history. I proposed a huge wall being inserted in the space between Seoul Station and ancillary facilities. The old station, which has been isolated from existing programs, becomes an independent feature with this simple gesture. Serving as a background screen for the old Seoul Station building, The Wall highlights the shape of the old structures and revives the meaning of place. The surface of The Wall can also serve as a digital canvas for information provision, or as a backdrop for various city events.
Published on C3 / July issue, 2007 The CONCEPT / July issue, 2007 New Again, old Seoul Station / 2007
Abandoned Historic Monument Since its completion in 1925, as Gyeong-seong* Station, various features have been added to Seoul Station to meet demands for over a century. However, its characteristic as a station on the route, rather than a destination station, has limited the lateral expansion of the building, and the mass was extended in the form of mounting on rails. *Gyeong-seong : Old name of Seoul
Seoul Station and its Plaza have been the symbols of modernization of Korea, with its tumultuous past, since the Korean War. However, since the dazzling appearance of the new station building, with the launch of the high-speed rail KTX, the historical context of the old Seoul Station was cut off instantly, and significant changes have taken place in the surrounding urban landscape. The old Seoul Station building, which served as the gate to Seoul for a century, has vanished into the obscurity of history. 32
1925 Two-way path station
1969 West Station Open
1988 2004 Extend station building KTX Service Open
Dispersed Functions While the past Seoul Station building was dedicated to train service features, the current building, completed with private investment, includes more complex features. Moreover, various additional problems may be added including the transit lounge for international routes once the international railroad that connects Japan and Russia is opened in the future. However, with the mass added without consideration for relations among paths of movement, connections among features are very unnatural and the communications among users are not smooth.
Loss of Centrality The old Seoul Station building was disused, and the existing lobby in a skywalk form was renovated into a large outlet store. The entrance to the outlet store, however, was constructed in a location other than the station, making the old Seoul Station building isolated. The direct access route, which was created in front of the new Station building, caused the old Seoul Station Plaza to be emptied by blocking the existing horizontal flow penetrating the Plaza.
33
Proposal : Insert a Wall, in-between Phase 1. A Background Screen : from a loner to a hero. A huge Wall is inserted in the space between Seoul Station and ancillary facilities. Seoul Station, which is isolated from existing programs, becomes an independent feature with this simple gesture. Serving as a background screen for the old Seoul Station building, The Wall highlights the shape of the old structures, and revives the meaning of place. The surface of The Wall can also serve as a digital canvas for information provision, or as a backdrop of various city events.
11m
11m
7F
6F
5F 4F 3F
2F A
1F
34
Digital Canvas
Phase 2. Linking Hub : as a “Rhizome Generator” Tree network
Seoul Station Complex has a wide range of programs coexisting within it. However, all programs exist within independent clusters, and users use the programs according to a predetermined system of organization. The independent cluster system fundamentally blocks the links among programs, and wastes its communication potential as a public facility. Rhizome is originally a term for the “underground stem” of a rootless plant, and indicates a network with non-hierarchical horizontal multiplicity, in contrast to a hierarchical tree structure. In architecture, rhizome implies the potential for various programs to create unexpected events or new relations as they form a variety of groups and connect to one another. The Wall can be a rhizome-production-tool that provides a versatile connection to the whole station complex.
ts M l S ain ta E tio nt n ra n He c rit e o ag f e Se
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ke ar sM ic on tr ec El
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t ki Pa r
ra au st Re
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en
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in m Te r in ra
rp
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tt
ty Ai
to
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ee
Ti
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et
ll Du
Ha
Ga
tin
W
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te
ai
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g
Ga
te
te
s
s
Existing Functions
t
Rhizome network
The Wall also has the potential to connect the horizontally dispersed existing programs in the facility and Seoul Station Plaza in a three-dimensional manner, and even with the surrounding urban flows and cultural and landscape elements. The old Seoul Station building is connected to the middle of the Wall, and the Entrance Hall serves as the entrance to the entire complex.
Linking Hub
Programs Pluged-in
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Program Pluged-in : Compatible activities in 11m width space. In the middle of the linking network, connected to many surrounding features, new programs are plugged in. these programs are placed inside the “11m” width limit, the gap between old Seoul Station and existing facilities, and support public engagement with cultural activities, or assist train passengers to spend their time there creatively.
High-speed Train
Subway
4,200
11,000
Sleeping Cells
Pantry
Shower Stalls
8,400
Basketball Court
Library
Acoustic Chamber
Lecture Room
Multipurpose Studios
Art Gallery
Children’s Playroom
Clothing Store
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Mini Cinema
Showroom
Travel Agency
Tea House
B
Section E
Section D
Section C
Section B
Section A
A C D E
11m
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05: SUPERSURFACE Arch259 / Fall 2016 UC Berkeley Aug.2016 - Dec.2016
Instructor : Simon Schleicher Teaming up with 3 members Worked mainly on Design / Digital Fabrication (Rhinoceros, Grasshopper3d and Kangaroo)
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The project was aimed at finding the form using digital tools, developing the mechanisms to divide it into panels, and fabricating it on a 1:1 scale. Generally in architecture, the exterior panels have to be mounted on another structure. But we’ve tried to create new panel geometries which can stabilize its structure by itself. We were inspired by the cell system of the Cactus. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have cell walls, which make them rigid. Particularly, the cells of the cactus have a structure system for achieving the highest efficiency with a minimum number of cells to retain the volume for storing waters. To achieve this efficiency, each cell differs in size and density depending on the required structural strength. The Supersurface explores a panelization technique between two surfaces, which are inter-perforated through 66 double layered units. Hexagons of different sizes are optimized to populate the surfaces in varying depths and densities that correspond to the curvature value of their surface and interlock to achieve a structural role that supports the form.
Inspired from Cactus’ Cell Structure Unlike animal cells, all plants have a cell wall, which acts as a structure that supports the entire shape of the plant. However, the structure of the cactus contains enough water in the body to survive in extreme environments and is designed to minimize skin area. Under these conditions, the cells of Cactus differ in the density and size of the Cell Module, achieving good efficiency by reducing unnecessary structural elements and by increasing the density of the cells only in areas under high load.
1. Same-sized Cells
2. Cells differ in density and size
A
A
A
F
B
F
B
E
C
E
C
D
F
B
E
C
D
D
Form Development I made a simple ring-shaped surface that can be reconstructed digitally with the Cactus structure mechanism. This ring surface has three different ridges and valleys. The panels are based on optimized hexagonal grids (Kangaroo Physics) of varying densities to maintain an equally distributed load along the entire surface (Karamba 3d). Panels that populate the surface twist in opposite directions allowing them to lock against each other, maintaining structural stability.
1. Form-finding by sweeping rail.
2. Optimizing Minimal Surface
3. Populating the Surface
4. Creating Double Layers to be fabricated
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Developing Surface Topology Earlier prototypes were modified after resolving connection details and testing materials. High density Poly Ethlene sheets were used as a final material to be constructed.
1. Overlap two layers with the same item list. Unrolled 1/32� HDPE Sheet
1/8� Aluminium Rivets Flaps
Earlier Prototypes
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2. Top and bottom layers are interpenetrated through and combined together as the Supersurface.
3. To turn the surface into an deployable panel, create small hexagonal curves at the midpoint of the two profile curves and loft these three curves.
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06: 3D-PRINTABLE JOINT STUDY Arch262 / Fall 2016 UC Berkeley
Joint is a critical connecting element that combines all building materials. However, most of the joints used on the construction site have been using the ready-made products fixed at particular angles and positions. If a special design element needs to be connected, a specially designed joint is used, which can be stamped through a mold or machined with a cutting tool such as CNC. In this case, if it is not mass-produced in a certain form, it leads to a large cost increase. Under these conditions, the possibilities of design are very limited, and if you want to implement exclusive designs, you have to pay a lot of costs.
Aug.2016 - Dec.2016
Recently, ARUP experimentally introduced the SmartNode System in the architectural field, which is created by computational modeling engine. 3d Printable Nodes are possible to produce elements with very precise dimensions and build various prototypes at relatively low cost. The SmartNode System has the following possibilities.
Instructor : René Davids
1. Various types of members can be produced at low cost. 2. Sophisticated designs can be created in precise units, which lowers the design limit of architects. 3. It is also useful for producing furniture or particular building objects because it can be manufactured in small quantities. In this class, I tried to understand the mechanism of the advanced SmartNode System and experiment with this possibility through two furniture design and 1:1 mockup.
FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling) Type Printer
2”
4 1/2”
3D Printed Corner Joint PLA 30% Grid Infilled (Average strength)
3D Printed Center Joint PLA 80% Grid Infilled (High strength)
3D Printed Fabric PLA 20% Grid Infilled (Average strength) 1/4” thickness includes holes for connecting to neighbor 3D Printed Corner Joint PLA 30% Grid Infilled (Average strength) 3/8” - 1/2” thickness Bolts 2” - 1/4”
Birch Plywood Panel 1/2” think
3D Printed Center Joint PLA 50% Grid Infilled (Above average strength) 1/2” thickness
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Elevation Front
Section
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07: HOVERING PAVILION Arch269 Lec 3 / Spring 2017 UC Berkeley Jan.2017 - May.2017
Instructor : Lisa M. Iwamoto Collaboration with 20 members Worked mainly on Design and Digital Production / Fabrication (Rhinoceros / Grasshopper3d)
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This work is a project that twenty UC Berkeley students collaborated for the “Architectural Pavilions: Experiments and Artifacts� to be exhibited at the Museum of Craft and Design in San Francisco. The angular top half of the pavilion seems to hover above the lower half. Several lines of aircraft cable inside provide the tension that keeps the entire pavilion in equilibrium. Initially, we worked in five separate teams: Project Management, Digital Production and Design, Material Research and prototyping, Full Scale Mock-up, and Graphics. We decided on the main ideas with the Hovering Pavilion utilizing the Tensegrity System before the second half and split into two teams by material types and developed prototypes. After choosing the aluminum as the exterior material, we made the structure frame first, and cover it with digitally fabricated aluminum panels. I was primarily responsible for design work at the beginning, but after the material was decided, I mainly worked with computational tools to fabricate the panels.
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Tensegrity System Tensegrity is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members do not touch each other and the prestressed tensioned members delineate the system spatially.
Configuration Studies
B A
C
D
Tensegrity Configurations
Structural Frame
Envelope
Seam Projection
Plan Oblique
A
Mock-up Test
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B
C
D
Folded Aluminium Sheet
Structure Frame
Tension Cable
Seam Design and Detail What we wanted to accomplish most when designing the detail was a smooth surface where all the connecting members and cut ends were invisible from the outside.
Inner Riveting
We divided the surface into 202 pieces with the Plan-oblique projected lines as a boundary. Most panels include edges that need to be folded to 90 degrees so that every sharp cut ends are not exposed at the corners. And the flaps of the panel were folded inward and joined with rivets so that only the flat surface was left without any rivets being exposed to the outside.
90o
3 Assembly without exposing rivets
2 Folding via Sheet Metal Folder
1 Waterjet Cuts
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Exhibition
ARCHITECTURAL PAVILION: Experiments and Artifacts Jul.24.2017 - Jan.07.2018 Museum of Craft and Design, San Francisco
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08: BENDING-ACTIVE PLATE PROTOTYPE Arch205B / Spring 2017 UC Berkeley + Kreysler & Associates
With the advent of new simulation strategies and computational tools, new generation architects and engineers are getting more interested in form finding architecture systems. The key motivation for this approach is to determine a force equilibrium to create and stabilize the structure only by its geometry. Bending-active structure is one of the possibilities based on physics-informed digital design process. The Bending-active structure is shaped at the point where the force is static equilibrium after applying a large deformation, not using any arbitrary curve drawn by the designer. Therefore, the vector of force and the material performances act as an important design source, and the equilibrium form has optimum efficiency in durability and strength.
Jan.2017 - May.2017
Instructor : Simon Schleicher Teaming up with 8 members
We designed a small greenhouse, with the intention of testing this bend-active structure. We then used computation tools to refine it, and ultimately aimed at creating a 1:1 scale prototype. I worked as a designer and a computer engineer on this team, and I was involved in the overall process of creating forms using FEM simulation and calculating fabrication data.
Worked mainly on Form Design / FEM Simulation / Fabrication (Rhinoceros, Grasshopper3d and Kangaroo)
Vent
Laminated Fiberglass
Door
Functionally, the structure is a small greenhouse with an area of 220 sqft, which can accept sunlight through the envelope and grow plants inside. We wrapped a super-lightweight, transparent plate inward to make the volume inside, allowing it to function as the shell of a green house. The area where the two edges meet is wide at the top, narrow at the center, and wide again at the bottom. These continuous openings become vents and doors, respectively.
Bending-active Plates We designed a bending-active structure consisting of three layers. The outer and inner layers are deformed simultaneously by a constant force from both sides, and then the corrugation layer is sandwiched therebetween. By joining these three layers in a deformed state, we tried to create a stable structure with the equilibrium of compression and tension inside by the geometry itself. Percent of length the spring (Force Factor) will try to reach
1.00
0.75
0.20
Single Plate to be bent
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Corrugation layer
Sandwiched Plates in equilibrium state
16’-4” 8’-2”
16’
16’-4” 8’-2”
8’-2”
8’-2”
10’-10”
Plan 51
Rebuild the shell To divide the shell into a continuous bend-active plates, we rebuilt the original surface. The new geometry consists of six elongated plates and a ground-contacting pedestal.
Top Strip
Door
Bottom Strips
Plant Pots
Pedestal
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1/10 Scale Mock-up
Deformation Test
Finite Element Simulation (FEM) using Kangaroo Physics and SOFISTIK The complexity of the structural system and form-finding process still requires accurate numerical analysis. We used finite element simulation (FEM) to calculate numeric data. All of the results presented here are achieved through geometric nonlinear finite element simulations run on Kangaroo Physics and SOFISTIK, which can be plugged-in to Rhinoceros. a Anchor Points (Fixed) b Sliding Points
c Input Mesh d Contracting Cable
e Contracting Cable (Restrain Height) f Geometry Out
2 Simulating in progress
1 Deploying strips, anchor points and contracting cables.
3 Bending-optimized Envelope
Bending Simulation (SOFISTIK) Contracting elastic cables provide a practical method to induce bending in both of these digital simulation techniques. The cables are shortened through a reduction in stiffness and a simultaneously applied pre-stressing load. Each cable is attached to pairs of nodes on one or multiple meshes. These nodes are pulled together during the simulation process, which produces a controlled deformation of the attached meshes. (S. Schleicher et al. 2015)
(Global) Buckling
Single-layer Shell (Self-weight) The distinct global deformation, which will determine the required thickness of the sandwich construction. Utilization (sigma/fc=0.011) Compression
Compression
0.0
Tension
0.0
Tension
Simulated as GFRP E = 15,000 N/mm2 t = 2 mm
Displacement (Self-weight) Principal Stress Direction
Double-layer Shell (Self-weight) A double-layer shell with a sandwich thickness of 8 cm is hardly deflecting under self-load and only shows local buckling. Utilization (sigma/fc=0.030) Compression
0.0
Tension
Simulated as GFRP E = 15,000 N/mm2 t = 2 mm
(Local) Buckling
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PROTOTYPING GFRP BENDING-ACTIVE PLATE Fabrication Workshop at Kreysler & Associates
In bending-active structures, a stable shape is determined by two parameters: the stiffness of the material and the static equilibrium of the internal and external forces. This means that the shape depends on material properties such as stiffness and strength, which determines the allowable range of deformations. Therefore, the material properties should be selected appropriately for the bend-active structure. Fiber composites show a large change in mechanical properties due to the production method, but generally have greater strength and stronger linearity than stiffness. Glassfiber reinforced polymer(GFRP), with its mechanical properties and the potential of customized production, is chosen as the material used in prototyping. We manufactured a prototype of GFRP Bending-active plate through the workshops with Kreysler & Associate.
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1 1 2 3 4
Laminating fiberglass fabrics with a resin mixture. Routing styrofoam formworks Molding forms with the formwork Riveting plates
2
3
4
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09: FIBER PLANT ENCLOSURE : ORIGINS Arch269 Lec 2 / Spring 2017 UC Berkeley Jan.2017 - May.2017
Instructor : Maria Paz Gutierrez Collaboration with 5 members Worked mainly on Digital Production / 3D Printing / Assembly (Rhinoceros and Grasshopper3d)
The geometry of the Weaverbird nest is related to the size of the bird and the turning radius of the bird using their joints. Since the birds are spinning their bodies with their legs fixed at one point, the fixed legs become the center point, and the stretchable body length becomes the radius. Therefore, the geometry of the nest is created by superimposing different circles. 56
The project was inspired by the “Weaverbird Nest,” a natural lightweight structure with high efficiency, aimed at reconstructing it with human scale using digital fabrication tools. After industrialization, we tend to overlook a lot of value of traditional fiber-based construction. Using new technologies such as 3D printing along with natural resources to recreate the nest is a way to learn how traditional materials and methods can be applied to an increasingly digital world that faces limited resources and climate change. We collaborated with UC Berkeley’s Botanical Garden to obtain the original sample of WeaverBird Nest, which was then scanned in 3D to analyze the geometry, and to discern patterns of looping and netting construction design principles to produce a model and associated algorithms. After testing with some prototypes to fabricate the 1:1 model, we chose to divide the surface into 400 different panels, then produce each panel using digital tools. We re-engineered a 3D printer to use hemp and wood waste instead of plastics or liquids and installed robotic weaving “arms” on the printer programmed to thread the hemp fibers just so. Finally, threaded panels were manually assembled on the digitally calculated structure frames. The value of this work is to bring to the surface what digital technology can make with 100 percent natural materials, in this case, natural fibers.
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Panel Splitting We re-engineered the 3D-Printer system to afford natural fiber filaments. But the maximum size the machine can handle was 9 x 9 x 9 inch volume, so we had to split the panel into smaller pieces than that. We tested prototypes of various module shapes, from regular to irregular. The type finally developed was a distorted circular shape calculated from the Voronoi Diagram.
Quadrangular
Triangular
Diamond
Hexagon Cells
Voronoi Diagram for a collection of points
Creating interpolated curves through sets of edges from the Voronoi Diagram.
Panel splitting options
Fabrication The 400 frames all have different shapes and include a pin that the machine can weave Hemp after it has been printed. We produced all frames for three weeks using five 3d printers and weaved up the hemp for two weeks.
Producing frames with FDM 3d printer using Bamboo-hybrid PLA(Polylactic acid) filament Index A B C D E F G H
9’-2”
I J K L M N O
3’-10” from the ground
P Q R S T
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
We have studied knotting methods using fibers to combine members with traditional applications of natural materials without the use of adhesives or artificial joining members. This is necessary for binding between panels and panels, panels and frames, and frame members.
To assemble 400 panels by hand, we unrolled the index of the surface in an elongated shape. Then we assemble them as a spiral along the frame like a reverse order of peeling an apple.
Automated Weaving : The machine recognizes the pin position of each frame and performs three layer movements based on this position. We engineered the nozzle of the machine to release hemp wires at a constant speed, and the machine’s nozzles move in order as the pattern algorithm commands from the computer.
3d-printed Frame (Panel #K14)
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Completed Panel
Automated Weaving Movements
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10: ASTRONOMERS’ CRATER Competition Work Nov.2013 - Dec.2013
ENTRY
Arquideas Awards 2013 Astronomical Observatory in Atacama, Chile
A star fell on the vast land in the midst of Chile. The place where the shooting star fell was sunken, creating a crater with hills surrounding it. Star-lovers around the world gather around this place and communicate and share interests through the stars. This place will be a center of star enthusiasts and astronomers. The Hills of the crater provide height, creating the ground from which to observe the stars. Two radio telescopes installed on the hills offer the best places for astronomical observation. The Beds of the crater serves as the area for those with astronomy mania to observe stars with their own equipment, or rented equipment, while having conversations with one another. Five wings of the Nova-bed in steps also allow 360-degree observations of the constellations. This building is not a space with a fixed route as in traditional museums. Instead, users can decide the beginning and the end point of their experience. Priorities and routes of programs are up to individual visitors’ autonomy. Users can experience attractions they are interested in as they wander around, like spacewalking among programs. Visitors entering the lobby can go in and out of the museum during the experience. They may walk out to the star field and look up the stars in the sky, and then return to the inside and study the stars. Visitors with significant interest in observation, may go straight to the observatory.
Trace of a Shooting star. A star fell on the vast land in the midst of Chile. The place where the shooting star fell was sunken, creating a crater with hills surrounding it. Starlovers around the world gather around this place and communicate and share interests through the stars. This place will be a center of star enthusiasts and astronomers.
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Make HEIGHT
Make AREA
DIG off
Open GATE
PLAY on the field
Shaping the hills.
Tracing the star-shaped crater.
Vacating out the Square.
Drawing in people into the Square.
Wandering in and out around the program.
The Hills of the crater provide height, creating the ground from which to observe the stars. Two radio telescopes installed on the hills offer the best places for astronomical observation.
The Beds of the crater serves as the area for those with astronomy mania to observe stars with their own equipment, or rented equipment, while having conversations with one another. Five wings of the Nova-bed in steps also allow 360-degree observations of the constellations.
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Atacama Desert : The most clear observing site in the Earth. This building is not a space with a fixed route as in traditional museums. Instead, users can decide the beginning and the end point of their experience. Priorities and routes of programs are up to individual visitors’ autonomy. Users can experience attractions they are interested in as they wander around, like spacewalking among programs.
A'
3
3
Main Ent.
1 2
4
4 A Ground Level
9 8
6
10
5 7
11
4
Underground Level
Planetarium The planetarium located at the center of the plaza opens up and visitors can observe the stars with overlapped digital projection.
1 2 3 4
Lobby Information Center Telescope Exhibition Hall
0 10 20
5 6 7 8
Planetarium Experience Field Cafeteria Shops
50
100m
Section A - A’
4 4
62
6
9 Media Center 10 Ballroom 11 Education Center
Visitors entering the lobby can go in and out of the museum during the experience. They may walk out to the star field and look up the stars in the sky, and then return to the inside and study the stars. Visitors with significant interest in observation, may go straight to the observatory.
3
5
6
9
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11: FLEXIBLE HOME
The typical plan of apartment building has been used in many dense cities because of its efficiency in mass production; however, it was completely inadequate to respond to increasingly diverse lifestyles and changing housing culture as the times change.
Competition Work Mar.2008 - Jun.2008
EXCELLENCE
The 2nd Xi Design Fiesta, GS E&C, 2008 Collaboration as a leader with 1 member Worked mainly on: Concept / Design and Planning / 3D / Visualizations Published on Monthly DESIGN / August issue, 2008 Xi Design Fiesta Workbook / GS E&C, 2008
m2
Layouts of most apartments have function-based divisions of rooms consisting of a living room, rooms, and a kitchen, and designed as a box frame, which does not allow change of layout of the apartment once construction is complete. However, the people in current times have housing requirements as diverse as their lifestyles. For instance, an individual A, a composer living alone, requires a small room for sleeping and a large studio only, while an individual B’s family, with four children, requires four rooms for children in adolescence, and a single C, a cook who enjoys inviting people over, needs a kitchen and a large entertaining area. We came up with a simplified plan system in which the nature of the space can easily be modified in response to such various lifestyle changes, within the premise of the mass production of housing.
m Simplify
Variations
Court Court
Roll
Court
Insert the Ring-interface
Typical Apartment Plan
64
Music Chamber
65
Ring-interface : for a Smart Servant Space The Plan system is divided into three parts: A central court, rooms strap that surrounds the court, and a ring-interface inserted between them. The rooms strap is sectioned into rooms in varying numbers and intervals, which is maintained for a relatively long time. In addition, for the short term, features of a specific room can be extended to the court space for use. The ring-interface is a servant space that supports the plan system, and has the following features.
a. Holding the furniture modules
Court
Various furniture modules are kept in the ring-interface. Users build the character of the court or rooms as they take out and use specific furniture based on their needs. Types of furniture kept inside vary depending on the characteristics of the family or residence unit, or with changes in generations.
b. Air Conditioning Tubes / Structures
Court
These are in charge of environmental control. Electricity, plumbing, and air conditioning systems circulate and provide energy, water, and air to each room. This allows for constant environmental conditions regardless of changes in partition intervals or use of space.
Room
Court
Balcony
c. Door Switching Control
Court
This controls the hierarchy of spaces. The plane that circles the outer rail of the ring-interface opens and closes the interface, allowing a short-term change of each space.
Court
Wine Bar
d. Decoration Panel
This acts as a backdrop panel of the court. The plane that circles the inner rail circumscribes the court space. It can be decorated or used as a screen for a projector. Court
66
Worshop
S
Music Chamber
Music Chamber
S
Basketball Court
Wine Bar
Basketball Court
14
The unit that divides the strap is the bay. The edge of each bay has a rail installed for easy detachment or movement of partition modules. When the length of a strap increases according to the size of a residence unit, the number of bays also increases. The floor plan system can be extended to other types of closed curve than a circle.
13
12
15
11
16
10 Study
17
Kitchen
9
Terrace (Bays to link with neighbors)
18
8 Room
19
7
20
6
Main Room 5
21
Possiblity of Assemblage There are possibilities that each unit can link with neighbors. Several bays in the plan are used to combine connection zone which provides community activities.
Room
Porch
22
4 3
23 24
1
2
24-Bay Plan
Connection Zone
3-Units Cluster
Multi-cluster Housing Complex
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12: THE OIL DEPOTS Professional Work / Intermediate Designer Gansam Architects & Partners May.2014 - Aug.2014
ENTRY
International Competition for Rehabilitating MAPO Oil Depot into a Cultural Depot Park, 2014 Worked mainly on SD (3 months) Concept / Design and Planning / 3D / Visualizations
Mapo Oil Depots, located in Mapo district nearby Central Seoul, are five steel tanks in a cylindrical form. These have long been forgotten by the public as they have been disused for their original purpose since the industrial era. This project is an effort to open and return neglected industrial heritage to the public, and concerns the strategy to recycle the five tank structures as cultural facilities. The inside of the tanks that were actually visited felt like a primordial space without a sense of substance as there was no light and sound. To use a mathematical expression, it was close to zero. I reproduced primordial spaces with different dimensions by disassembling the geometry in a pure form using a few architectural devices. The five tanks reconstructed with architectural rhetoric in different modes serve as the platforms to contain cultural movements in a variety of patterns. The long-neglected industrial heritage and unique topography are restored to the most primordial look and present new spatial experiences to visitors.
Oil inlet Ceiling Sheet Structure frames
Mapo SEOUL
Steel sheet (9T - 19T)
Column Column base Concrete Retaining wall
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∞
m3
m2
m
0
Tank E
Tank D
Tank C
Tank B
Tank A
E-Sports
Book Fair
Exhibition
Folk Game
Climbing
Showroom
Art Fair
Conference
Movie Theater
Lecture
Casino
Jungle Gym
Party
Concert
Motor Show
Forum
Playground
Seminar
Runway
Basketball
TV Show
Tank C
Tank D
Tank B
Tank A
Tank E
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A Approach Road toward Tanks
Access to Reception and Tank A / B
B
TANK B : Platform M
As it is installed with a spir it can hold one-dimension
Access to Tank C
TANK
C
It can entire the bo
Access to Tank D
Access to Tank E
D
E
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The Five Platforms The five platforms provide users with unique experiences of “cultural activities via primordial architectural experience�. Through this experience, the old industrial heritage that has never experienced human touch is reborn as a special place in people’s memories, just like the moment light was created for the first time at the beginning of the universe. The originality of each platform is preserved as much as possible, and only certain necessary devices are added. The roads connecting the entryway from outside to the tanks were created, and ancillary service facilities were constructed on the roads.
TANK A : Platform 0
It retains the originality of the depot as an industrial heritage. The pure spatiality of the cylinder is highlighted by installing minimal lighting on the floor.
ral form of structure hugging from the wall of the tank, nal movement such as exhibitions and runway shows.
TANK B
K C : Platform M2
hold two-dimensional movement in fields such as sports games and markets, utilizing the bottom surface of the tank. The iris installed on its top determines the illumination levels of ottom surface by introducing a varying amount of light depending on the need.
TANK C
TANK D : Platform M3 It can hold three-dimensional movement that propagates sound through the air such as concerts and lectures. The small hole on the roof is an hommage to the Pantheon, and serves as an aerophone to send sound to the park outside.
TANK D
TANK E : Platform The fifth tank was removed, leaving only its trace in an empty space. This infinite space can be filled with other actions in the future. 71
Platform
72
Platform M3
Platform M2
Platform M
Platform 0
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13: UNDERGROUND CAMPUS PROJECT in Yonsei University
Professional Work / Intermediate Designer Gansam Architects & Partners Jan.2013 - Nov.2013
Completed in 2016
Client : Yonsei University Site : Sinchon-dong, Seoul, Korea Total Floor Area : 572,102 ft2 Worked mainly on SD / DD / CD (11 months) Being participated as a Chief Designer in charge of Underground Facilities (Design / Planning / BIM / DD Drawings)
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Yonsei University is a leading private university in Korea which has a 130 year history since it was first established in 1885. The Baekyang Avenue, the spine that penetrates the school, is the road that the school’s numerous alumni have walked on for decades, and is a symbolic place as the site of the 1980’s youth-driven democratic movement.The Baekyang Avenue was first created in 1917. In the 1920s, it looked like a trail in the woods, and was used as a pedestrian path that linked the university and the train station until 1958 when it was expanded for vehicle traffic. This was followed by a straightening of the road and addition of an asphalt pavement in 1969, establishing the current form. The Objective of this project was to regenerate and change the Baekyang Avenue, which has become a vehicle-centered road, to a pedestrian-oriented green campus. The design process was conducted with a two-pronged approach: “Reconstruction of ground landscape” and “Creation of underground space”. In the ground-level space, a nature-friendly landscape was created by turning the road for vehicle traffic into a green space; the underground space connected key facilities such as the student center and the central library three-dimensionally, and secure student community facilities, which have been lacking, aiming for the restoration of the Baekyang Avenue as the place for communication. I was included in this project as a designer, particularly as I am an alumnus of this school, and had a unique experience of participating in the project with the perspectives of both a client and a designer. I was involved in the project for eight months, taking charge of the design of the underground space.
Student Union
Access from Underwood Yard
10 7 9
3 8
6
Central Library
4
12
2 3
Access from Campus North
5
5
5 1 2 3 4
Entrance Plaza West Entrance Plaza North Student Lounge Sunken Courtyard
5 Leased Facilities 6 Food Court 7 Exhibition Hall 8 University Giftshop
11
9 Ballroom 13 Parking Lot 10 Auditorium 11 Underground Roadway 12 Shuttle Stop
1
Access from Front Gate
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Underground Hub The landscape team that was in charge of the ground-level space and I had ongoing discussions as we worked on the project in order to ensure the underground space that I was in charge of, and the ground-level space, have functional and aesthetic continuity. The areas for most careful consideration were the position of the entrances that connect the ground-level and underground spaces. The spots where two main axes in the existing campus plan generate functional nodes were designated as the positions of the entrances, and to ensure smooth entry, we created a large entry plaza at the intersections of the two axes. In the underground hub, we created a huge lounge in a parallel direction to the Baekyang Avenue as a space for students to stay whenever they need to as they go about, functioning like the living room in a house. The lounge is conveniently linked to the ground-level space through many adjacent entrances. Additionally, programs such as a food court, seminar room, exhibition hall, meeting room, and conference room were arranged on both sides of the lounge. The road and parking lot were moved to the underground hub. Regarding the underground roadway, sufficient ceiling height was ensured to allow even shuttle buses.
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14: YONSEI MEDICAL SCHOOL DORMITORY Professional Work / Intermediate Designer Gansam Architects & Partners Jan.2014 - Aug.2014
This project is a new residence hall for the Yonsei Medical School. The School decided to build a new residence hall commemorating the 130th anniversary of its establishment, initially as “Jejung-won�. I worked with three other team members, and served as a main designer in the schematic design and design development processes. I was involved in all of the phases including mass design and planning. I conducted multiple interviews and seminars with medical students to determine their lifestyles. In an environment of ongoing study for frequent exams, the residence hall needed to serve as a place for brief, but comfortable, rest, and required supporting facilities to aid the continuous study sequence. Based on this information, dorm rooms and communal areas were designed. The design included 303 dorm rooms and community facilities in the podium, and the left wing of the building included 99 guesthouse rooms for visitors. The exterior of the building used the brick texture similar to that of previous residence halls to minimize any unfamiliarity, and each dorm room was installed with a bay-window pushed outward as a space for relaxation.
Completed in 2017
Client : Yonsei Medical School Site : Sinchon-dong, Seoul, Korea Total Floor Area : 30,123 m2 Worked mainly on SD / DD / CD (8 months) Being Participated as a Designer (Mass and Unit Design / BIM / DD Drawings)
1 2
4
Dormitory Rooms Guesthouse Rooms Lobby / Community Facilities Cafeteria / Study Cells
600
1,800
310
490
1 2 3 4
3
Floor Plan 2F
78
A : Baywindow Section
6,300
250 90 40 120
2,000
100
500
600
2,000
1,400
600 100
4,300
Detail of brick lintel 1/20
Unit type for 2 students
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15: PARADISE CITY PLAZA ROOF STRUCTURE
Paradise City is a large casino resort that will be built in the property adjacent to Incheon International Airport. Gansam collaborated with Hawkins and Brown in London, and I was involved in the design of the roof covering the courtyard of the building.
Professional Work / Intermediate Designer Gansam Architects & Partners + Hawkins/Brown, UK
The roof has twelve faces that are folded in mesh and its motif comes from the texture of Korean traditional cloth. This structure is a gable form, it stands by itself due to the structural balance between the tension ring and spine, and it is supported by four pillars located on the outside.
Aug.2014 - Nov.2014
Under Construction
Client : Paradise Segasamy Inc. Site : Woonseo-dong, Incheon, Korea Total Floor Area : 427,327 ft2 Worked mainly on SD / DD / CD (4 months) Being participated as a Designer in charge of the Roof Structure and Entertainment Center (Design Assistant)
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Gansam + Hawkins/Brown
A major spine truss forms the central support for the roof and the legs of this frame either side of the entrance and stage areas. These form the main ‘knuckles’ for the intersection of the other roof elements. The Roof pattern is inspired by a snow capped mountain landscape.
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16: HANWHA R&D CENTER Professional Work / Intermediate Designer Gansam Architects & Partners + Bjarke Ingels Group, Denmark Jul.2012 - Sep.2012
Completed in 2015
Client : Hanwha Group Site : Seongnam City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Total Floor Area : 25,550m2 Worked mainly on DD (3 months) Being participated as a Designer (Facade Design Assistant)
In this project, Bjarke Ingels Group was responsible for the main design of the building, and I assisted with the louver system design during the design development phase. The louver system designed in accordance with the moving trajectory of the sun path changes smoothly from the vertical to the horizontal direction. The curved part of the louver system is cut and linked with segments and fixed via the bracket installed on the window frame. Sun Path
Sun Path Cylindrical Mapping
Sun Tracking / Orientation
Continuous oriented Louvers
Louver System Mock-up
Braket Arm Braket
Semi Unitized Glass System
Semi Unitized Glass System
Spandrel Glass Spandrel Glass Steel Spreader Beam Suspended Ceiling Braket
Manual Operable Window
Spandrel Glass
Louver Joint
Louver Joint
UHPC Ultra High-performance Concrete
Louver Joint UHPC Mechanical Operable Window
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17: MANSEONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Professional Work / Junior Designer Gansam Architects & Partners Feb.2011 - May.2011
Completed in 2014
Client : Jeollabukdo Office of Education Site : Jeonju, Jeollabukdo Province, Korea Total Floor Area : 12,043m2 Classrooms : 36 Worked mainly on DD (3 months) Being participated as a Designer (Design Productions)
This work is an elementary school with 36 classrooms and has a ring type mass that surrounds the courtyard. The circulating route enables efficient space use without dead-end and provides bright light inside. We placed the classroom on the narrow edge and placed gymnasiums and community facilities on the wide edge. This building was built with RC, and I worked mainly on the DD Phase.
A’
A
Floor Plan 2F
Section from South
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18: NAVY MEMORIAL HALL Professional Work / Junior Designer Gansam Architects & Partners Jun.2010 - Aug.2010
Completed in 2011
Client : Ministry of National Defense Site : Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do Province, Korea Total Floor Area : 2,861m2 Worked mainly on DD (3 months) Being participated as a Designer (Facade Design Assistant)
This project is a memorial hall to commemorate the Battle of Yeonpyeong, which occurred on the East Sea in 2002. The building was designed to abstract the battleship using Maya. The aluminum panels enclose the internal exhibition volume consisting of two layers. I was involved in the DD phase of this project and was primarily responsible for the BIM work.
Section
Floor Plan 1F 84
19: KOREA TELECOM LANDMARK TOWERS Professional Work / Junior Designer Gansam Architects & Partners + Studio Daniel Libeskind, NY Feb.2010 - May.2010
Client : Korea Telecom Corporation Site : Jongro-gu, Seoul, Korea Total Floor Area : 53,150m2 Period : 4 Months Worked mainly on SD (4 months) Being participated as a Designer (Design Productions)
This was a design competition for a new headquarter towers for Korea Telecom, which is located on Sejong Street adjacent to Gyeongbokgung Palace, the most important historic site of Seoul. The major concepts and mass design were conducted by Studio Daniel Libeskind, reconstructing the motif from “Jogakbo� (traditional Korean patterns). Six team members, including myself, were in charge of design production including making a physical model, plan development, and analysis of building codes.
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TAEWOOK KANG resume taewookkang@berkeley.edu www.wallplay.net
Education
UC BERKELEY, CA, UNITED STATES
May. 2017
Master of Architecture
- Computational Design and Fabrication
YONSEI UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, KOREA
Feb. 2010
Master of Science in Architecture (Theory) - Thesis : A study on the Embodiment of Rhizomic Architecture - Advisor : Sang Jun Lee, AIA, Paper Examiner : Moongyu Choi, Sangyoon Lee
YONSEI UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, KOREA
Feb. 2008
Bachelor of Architecture
Professional Experience
GANSAM ARCHITECTS & PARTNERS, SEOUL, KOREA
Dec. 2009 - Dec. 2014 (5yrs)
Intermediate Designer - Moneual Inc. Headquarter Complex / Jeju, Korea (Competition-SD-DD-CD) - Underground Campus Project in Yonsei University / Seoul, Korea (Competition-SD-DD-CD) - Yonsei Medical School Dormitory / Seoul, Korea (SD-DD-CD) - The Paradise City Plaza / Seoul, Korea (SD-DD) - Hanwha R&D Center / Seoul, Korea (DD) - Hyundai Department Store Pangyo / Pangyo, Korea (Competition)
Junior Designer / G.Lab - Manseong Elementary School / Jeonju, Korea (SD-DD) - Expo 2012 Silo Observatory / Yeosu, Korea (Competition) - Gimpo Performing Art Center / Seoul, Korea (SD-DD) - The Pearl / Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (SD) - NAVY Memorial Hall / Pyeongtaek, Korea (DD) - Korea Telecom Landmark Towers / Seoul, Korea (Competition)
SAMOO ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, SEOUL, KOREA + SEOUL Metropolitan Government
Jun. 2008 - Sep. 2008
- Participated as Selected Designer for the Urban Regeneration Project of Seoul Station District Academic Experience
Department of Architecture, YONSEI UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, KOREA
Mar. 2008 - Feb. 2010
Research Assistant Teaching Assistant
Overseas Fieldtrip
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United States Roadtrip : 21 days / Journey for Architectural Sites in Western USA
Jun. 2017
China : 14 days / Journey for Architectural Sites including works of Wang Shu
May. 2014
Europe 3rd : 16 days / Journey for Thesis Work
Aug. 2009
United States : 34 days / Journey for Architectural Sites including works of Louis Kahn, F. Wright and P. Johnson
Aug. 2006
Eastern Japan : 21 days / Journey for Architectural Sites including works of Toyo Ito and SANAA
Feb. 2006
Japan : 32 days / Journey for Architectural Sites including works of Tadao Ando, Fumihiko Maki and Kenzo Tange
Jul. 2005
Europe 2nd : 36 days / Journey for Architectural Sites including works of Le Corbusier, M. Rohe and OMA
Feb. 2004
Europe 1st : 44 days / Journey for Historic Architectural Sites
Jul. 2003
Skills
Architectural Design / Strategies / Planning Rendering / Visualizations DD / CD Drawings (AutoCad) BIM (Revit) 3D Graphics - Rhinoceros (with TSpline / Evolute Tools / Vray / Sofistik) - Grasshopper3d (with Kangaroo Physics / Karamba / Intra Lattice / Ivy / Honeybee /Diva) - 3dsMax / Maya / SketchUp 2D Graphics - Adobe InDesign / Photoshop / Illustrator / Premiere
Language
English Korean (Native)
Awards
Publication
HONORABLE MENTION : The 26th SPACE PRIZE International Design Competition, Space Group
Jul. 2008
FIRST PLACE : Yonsei Architectural Awards 2007, Yonsei University
Sep. 2007
GRAND PRIZE : The 4th Docomomo Korea Design Competition, Docomomo Foundation
Jun. 2007
STUDIO AWARD : The 9th SAKIA Workshop : Intelligent Coast, Korean Institute of Architects
Feb. 2007
THIRD PLACE : The 11th National Architectural Photograph Awards, Korean Institute of Architects
Nov. 2006
“KQED Arts” : Pavilions’ Offers a Primer on Structures Built for Pure Pleasure / Sarah Hotchkiss “Berkeley Media Relations” : Installation - Plant Fiber Enclosure / Kathleen Maclay
Exhibition
Oct. 2008
EXCELLENCE (The 2nd prize) : The 2nd Xi Design Fiesta, GS Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.
Jul. 2017 May. 2017
“The Daily Californian” : Research & Ideas / Christine Lee
May. 2017
“SPACE Magazine” vol.492 : SPACE PRIZE Selected Works / Space Group
Oct. 2008
“New again, Old Seoul Station” / Docomomo Korea Press
Aug. 2007
“C3 Magazine” vol.275 : Grand Prize winner of 2007 Docomomo Korea Design Competition / C3 Press
Jul. 2007
“Architecture and Culture” vol.314 : Special Issue - New Beginning of the Seoul Station / ANC Book
Jul. 2007
Architectural Pavilions: Experiments and Artifacts / Museum of Craft and Design, San Francisco, CA
Jun. 2017
Plant Fiber Enclosure: Origins / Robert Ornduff Hall, Berkeley, CA
May. 2017
“SUPERSURFACE” on Berkeley Circus / Wurster Hall, Berkeley, CA
Mar. 2017
Xi Design Fiesta Winner’s Exhibition / GS Xi Gallery Seogyo, Seoul
Aug. 2008
Participated in Seoul Design Olympic / Seoul Olympic Main Stadium, Seoul
Jul. 2008
Yonsei University Architecture Exhibition 2007 / Centennial Memorial Hall, Yonsei Univ., Seoul
Sep. 2007
Docomomo Korea Winner’s Exhibition / Seoul Station Gallery, Seoul
Jun. 2007
Photograph Exhibition “Open & Mix” / COEX Convention Center, Seoul
Nov. 2006
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