Graduation Project thesis 2020

A guide for your startup

Architecture Department Cairo University Graduation Project Thesis

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

Table of Contents Table of Contents.........................................................................................................................................................................................2 Table of Figures............................................................................................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................................4-7 1.1 Graduation Project...........................................................................................................................................................................4 1.2 Media Architecture...........................................................................................................................................................................4 1.2.1 Example of Media Architecture.............................................................................................................................................5 1.2.2 Example of not Media Architecture......................................................................................................................................5 1.3 Project Theme...................................................................................................................................................................................6 1.4 Problem Definition..........................................................................................................................................................................6 1.5 Hypothesis........................................................................................................................................................................................6 1.6 The Aim............................................................................................................................................................................................7 2. THE SITE.................................................................................................................................................................................................8-11 2.1 Introduction to the Site..................................................................................................................................................................8 2.2 Attaba Square Historical Background..........................................................................................................................................9 2.3 Historical Development of Downtown........................................................................................................................................10 2.4 Downtown Functional Changes....................................................................................................................................................11 2.5 Downtown Social Changes............................................................................................................................................................11 2.6 Downtown Users’ Needs................................................................................................................................................................11 3. THE APPLICATION............................................................................................................................................................................12-16 3.1 Project Typology..............................................................................................................................................................................12 3.2 Project Program..............................................................................................................................................................................12-13 3.3 The Scenario....................................................................................................................................................................................14 3.4 3D Zoning.......................................................................................................................................................................................15 3.5 Grids and Masses............................................................................................................................................................................15 3.6 Morphology Generation................................................................................................................................................................16-17 4. THE CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................................................18 5. THE REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................................................................19

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

2

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

Table of Figures Figure 1 Institut du Monde Arabe...................................................................................................................................................................5 Figure 2 Morgan Stanley Headquarter.............................................................................................................................................................5 Figure 3 The Location of The Site....................................................................................................................................................................8 Figure 4 The Location of The Site 1888...........................................................................................................................................................9 Figure 5 The Location of The Site 1933..........................................................................................................................................................9 Figure 6 The Location of The Site 1962..........................................................................................................................................................9 Figure 7 The Location of The Site 2010..........................................................................................................................................................9 Figure 8 Population data from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Egypt............................................................11 Figure 9 Business Incubator Space Program................................................................................................................................................12 Figure 10 Entertainmnet Center Space Program........................................................................................................................................13 Figure 11 Culture Center Space Program.....................................................................................................................................................13 Figure 12 Entry Level Plan..............................................................................................................................................................................14 Figure 13 3D Zoning........................................................................................................................................................................................15 Figure 14 Project Layout.................................................................................................................................................................................15 Figure 15 Morphology Generation................................................................................................................................................................16 Figure 16 Bird’s Eye View Shows The Project Morphology........................................................................................................................16 Figure 17 General View Shows The Project Morphology...........................................................................................................................17

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

3

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Graduation Project The graduation project is the implementation of all what I have learned through the past 4 years in the collage , not just the design courses but every subject : architecture history , theories , environmental design , working drawings , structure … etc. , to produce a final project which is the solid proof of my qualities and capabilities of my knowledge and understanding.

1.2 Media Architecture The term media, which is the plural of medium, refers to the communication channels through which we disseminate news, music, movies, education, promotional messages and other data, It includes physical and online newspapers and magazines, television, radio, billboards, telephone, the Internet, fax and billboards. It describes the various ways through which we communicate in society, Because it refers to all means of communication, everything ranging from a telephone call to the evening news on television can be called media, When talking about reaching a very large number of people we say mass media, Local media refers to, your local newspaper, or local/regional TV/radio channels, media has lost its main aim that it was invented to do, it was meant to be a collecting tool and to enhance people to know each other and discover others cultures not to make people isolated and in distance within the same room.

The word media was appropriated and impoverished by broadcasting and communications in the course of their pervasion during the 20th century. As a new social phenomenon, media along with its derivatives new media, multi media, mass media was eagerly studied by the emergent figure of the ‘media theorist.’ Marshall McLuhan, pioneer of the field, categorically dismissed content, focusing instead on the potency of the networked transmission system itself, Media, for McLuhan, was not about information, but about tools of content delivery, the intermediaries between providers and, His reading points to a broader, prior definition of media as simply the things-in-between, diplomatic structures, membranes that negotiate two conditions or entities, Media Architecture refers to built structures that incorporate media -in any form- to facilitate communication with the public. It is an emerging field that continues to evolve as technology advances.

Media Architecture Biennale (MAB) is a biannual conference exploring developing media architecture including façades, projection mapping, urban screens, and temporary spatial media installations, The event includes exhibitions, symposia, workshops and an award ceremony.

MAB defines five main types of media architecture: -Money and entertainment architecture : Projects illuminating buildings that are closely related to business, finance, retail, and entertainment.

-Animated architecture : Projects demonstrating creative media façade solutions.

-Infrastructure and participatory architecture : Interactive media projects that enable local community engagement.

-Spatial media art : Projects produced in an artistic context, mostly non-permanent movable installations with an innovative form of spatial interaction and/or perception of space.

-Future Trends and Prototypes : Cutting edge solutions like three-dimensional displays, kinetic façades, OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes) or even robotic elements that define the future of media architecture.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

4

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

1.2.1 Example of Media Architecture The simplest definition of a building is that which mediates between humans and their climatic or social environments, Separating interior space from the elements, creating a thermal or liquid envelope around human bodies, is the most basic function of a building, Beyond shelter, architecture also implicates a cultural dimension, as a device for communicating social relationships for example, a palace mediating between ruler and subjects, or a cathedral mediating between God and man.

Architecture negotiates spatial, environmental and social discrepancies, creating unique conditions that impact human behavior, Upon entering a vaulted cathedral, for example, visitors shuffle to the periphery but remain oriented towards the altar, lower their voices, and restrict their movements, all while casting their eyes furtively upward, Cathedrals mediate a complex array of socio-climatic conditions, eliciting a nearly-universal behavioral response.

Figure 1 Institut du Monde Arabe.

1.2.2 Example of not Media Architecture Building facades are covered by LED advertisement boards, Images on building surfaces may be designed to attract people and advertise brands and products, or to represent the power of an institution, as in the case of banks for example.

The original tricolor LED stock ticker display on the Morgan Stanley Headquarters in Times Square is one of the first iconic examples of not media architecture, Originally installed in 1995, the success of this design can be attributed in part to the strong tie between the display content and the building program, It was recognized as one of the 40 greatest moments in Environmental Graphic Design, In 2015, two decades later, Morgan Stanley transformed and modernized their display with two 45-foot tall flat panels and two 60-foot barrels wrapping the building corners.

Figure 2 Morgan Stanley Headquarter.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

5

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

1.3 Project Theme Pluralism is a political philosophy holding that people of different beliefs, backgrounds, and lifestyles can coexist in the same society and participate equally in the political process.

The political philosophy of pluralism suggests that we really can and should “all just get along.” First recognized as an essential element of democracy by the philosophers of Ancient Greece, pluralism permits and even encourages a diversity of political opinion and participation, Pluralism assumes that its practice will lead decision-makers to negotiate solutions that contribute to the “common good” of the entire society.

Pluralism recognizes that in some cases, the acceptance and integration of minority groups should be achieved and protected by legislation, such as civil rights laws.

Along with politics and government, pluralism’s acceptance of diversity is also embraced in other areas of society, most noticeably in culture and religion, To some extent, both cultural and religious pluralism are based on ethical or moral pluralism, the theory that while several diverse values may forever be in conflict with each other, they all remain equally correct.

Cultural pluralism describes a condition in which minority groups participate fully in all areas of the dominant society, while maintaining their unique cultural identities, In a culturally pluralist society, different groups are tolerant of each other and coexist without major conflict, while minority groups are encouraged to retain their ancestral customs.

In the real world, cultural pluralism can succeed only if the traditions and practices of the minority groups are accepted by the majority society, In some cases, this acceptance must be protected by legislation, such as civil rights laws, In addition, the minority cultures may be required to alter or even drop some of their customs which are incompatible with such laws or values of the majority culture.

Cultural pluralism thrives worldwide, In India, while Hindus and Hindi-speaking people are the majority, millions of people of other ethnicities and religions live there as well. And in the Middle Eastern city of Bethlehem, Christians, Muslims, and Jews struggle to live peacefully together despite the fighting around them.

Religious pluralism exists when adherents of all religious belief systems or denominations co-exist harmoniously in the same society, Religious pluralism should not be confused with “freedom of religion,” which refers to all religions being allowed to exist under the protection of civil laws or doctrine, Instead, religious pluralism assumes that the different religious groups will voluntarily interact with each other to their mutual benefit.

In this manner, “pluralism” and “diversity” are not synonymous, Pluralism exists only when engagement between religions or cultures molds diversity into a common society, For example, while the existence of a church, a Muslim mosque, a Hispanic Church of God, and a Hindu temple on the same street is certainly diversity, it becomes pluralism only if the different congregations engage and interact with each other.

1.4 Problem Definition After studying the society of downtown and its historical development, functional changes, social changes, and today’s user needs, it appears that the downtown small and medium startups need to be but on track, it also appears that the downtown was and still a place for art and artist, but they need a hub for such cultural events, becouse people start to forget the downtown economical and culutral role.

1.5 Hypothesis This Project should Represent the startup incubator as a new paradigm of ventures whereby a society moves from a developing state to industrialized and self-sustained setting world, The Architecture of this Typology shall be a collaborative, Flexible and reconfigurable character, Therefore, this Project envisions a shared and self-sufficient system for students, professionals and executives could meet and precipitate a meaningful solution. the design attempts to Breakdown Innovation Barriers that faces every small entrepreneur at the beginning of New products implementation and launching journey.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

6

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

1.6 The Aim The project aim is to Shift the Medium for an aspiring future; from a Sprawling Fracture to Economical Foster by Tracing the Entrepreneurship roots in Downtown and resurrect them, Merging all Historical layers of Downtown , to create Multi-Layered Global System , that preserves the continuity between memories of place, Creating a successful Catalyst by creating jobs, revitalizing neighborhoods and commercialize new technologies.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

7

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

2. THE SITE 2.1 Introduction to the Site The Site is located between Opera and Ataba squares, They link the commercial and business district of Khedivial Cairo to a group of wholesale specialized markets surrounding Ataba Square, The two squares, originally a major cultural and recreational node, are currently separated by the Opera multistory garage built on the original site of the Khedivial Opera House, The surrounding area is characterized by a diverse mixture of land uses, commercialC activities, and a number of historic buildings, To the North, lies the historic Azbakeya Garden, which is now encroached upon by several buildings including three theatres, an on- street second hand book market, a multistory garage and bus terminal (the Ataba Garage), several office and commercial buildings, and a medical centre, The southern and eastern edges of the two squares are lined by a number of administrative buildings, a shopping mall and a cinema, in addition to a large historic fruit and vegetable market, To the west and south west of Opera Square, lies a number of mixed use (commercial-office-residential) and heritage buildings the most important of which are Parliament Hotel and the Ottoman dating al-Kekhia Mosque (on el-Gomhoureya and Kasr el-Nile Streets), On the northern al- Khazendar Square lies two major historic buildings; Sednaoui department store and Eden Palace Hotel. , several office and commercial buildings, and a medical centre, The southern and eastern edges of the two squares are lined by a number of administrative buildings, a shopping mall and a cinema, To the west and south west of Opera Square, lies a number of mixed use (commercial-office-residential) and heritage buildings the most important of which are Parliament Hotel and the Ottoman dating al-Kekhia Mosque (on el-Gomhoureya and Kasr el-Nile Streets), On the northern al- Khazendar Square lies two major historic buildings; Sednaoui department store and Eden Palace Hotel.

Figure 3 The Location of The Site.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

8

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

2.2 Attaba Square Historical Background The adjoining Ataba square existed before Opera square. During Khedive Ismail’s rule, its environs were re-planned and designed, As an intersection of many main thoroughfares, it came to be considered as the “heart” of Cairo, The Azbekeyya gardens between two squares were laid out in 1870 in the former lake territory by parisian landscape gardener M. Barillet. It boasted ponds and lakes with artificial grottos, music kiosks, promenades and several species of trees and shrubs.

Figure 4 The Location of The Site 1888.

Since 1897 Ataba square became really important as a traffic node as several trime lines were crossing in it, Many important high- value heritage buildings built in the belle-epoque years of Cairo form the boundaries of this Ataba and Opera quares till our present day, These include several hotels (such as Hotel Continental and Shepheard‘s Hotel), department stores as well as the Fire Brigade building (1905) and Post Office building (1904).

Figure 5 The Location of The Site 1933.

During the president‘s Nasser era a new street concept was introduced an the 27th July street was extended trough the middle of the Ezbekiyya garden, The site has lost couple of its important buildings as the Shepheard‘s Hotel burned in 1952 during the riot ignited by the revolution Also in forthcoming years the Opera Building was destroyed by the fire.

Figure 6 The Location of The Site 1962.

The two squares, originally a major cultural and recreational node, are currently separated by the multistory garage, The historic Ezbakiyya Garden, which is now encroached upon by several buildings including three theatres, an on- street second hand book market is deteriorating, There is a major contstruction for Metro Line 3 at the northern part of the garden and the whole site covering Ataba and Opera squares as well as Ezbekiyya garden has been announced for a competition of urban renewal in June 2010.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

Figure 7 The Location of The Site 2010.

9

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

2.3 Historical Development of Downtown 2.3.1 Napoleon occupies Cairo Napoleon‘s invasion in Egypt has influenced the development of the Oriental Town city greatly.Although the Cairo has not changed until the accession of Ismail Pasha in 1863, the short french occupation of Cairo had some influence on the future development. The French left a legacy that is written all over the European parts of Cairo.

2.3.2 Roots of Modernization In the 1820s, Muhammad Ali was the first ruler to who started the modernization of Egypt. He sent the first educational „mission“ of Egyptian students to Europe. Under his reign the social structure of the country has changed, the political and administrative system was reformed, a modern army was established , and a new economy developed.

2.3.3 Khedivian Cairo The year of 1863 marks the accession of Ismai‘il Pasha, the grandson of Muhammad Ali. He was the first ruler to make an overall plan for the city‘s development. The new masterplan inspired by the Hausmannian planning was a result of Khedive‘s interest and visit to Paris. The new organization of space was based on the grid system and long street axis intersecting at thirteen new squares (maydans).

2.3.4 Building Boom As Egypt had taken serious financial credits since 1862 and was no longer able to pay them it was taken into the hands of the british-french financial control. The British colonisation which started in 1879 lasted more than a half of a century. In this time, Cairo became attractive to european investors and many new buildings were built in the westernized Ismailia Quarter. The building boom ended with the egyptian stock market crash in 1907.

2.3.5 La Belle Epoque The years of british colonisation were marked by the huge demand on administrational and residential buildings which led to the growing density of the city. The new edifices were built following the aesthetics and architectural lines of european and neo-moorish style. The city was filled bookstores, tearooms, street cafes, galleries, boutiques and department stores which brought together the people of different nations to live and work in Cairo.

2.3.6 Cairo under the last Monarchs With the turn of the century the city of Cairo has started its expansion to the suburbs as the new cities like Heliopolis were being planned. The British military presence in Egypt was curtailed in the 1920s. However the year 1936 marks the accession of King Farouk I and the signing of the anglo-egyptian treaty which failed to put an end to British dominance which lasted until the officer‘s revolution of 1952.

2.3.7 Revolution and Nasser Era The officer’s revolution in 1952 was initially aimed at overthrowing King Farouk I. The nominal leader of the Officers, General Naguib, became the head of the armed forces and prime minister. However, after an Egypt was declared a republic, Nasser became the acting head of the state. The years of Nasser were marked by anti-colonialism and politics of nationalisation which caused many transformations in Downtown area and the whole city. A new masterplan for satellite cities was prepared.

2.3.8 Liberalization and Densification After Nasser’s death in 1970, Sadat succeeded him as President and made and end to the Nasser’s socialism. Sadat introduced the ideas of neo-liberalism and “open door” policy which encouraged private and foreign investments and reduced the role of the state economy. During the reign of Sadat the buildings in Downtown has witnessed their worst deterioration.

Sadat’s successor, Hosni Mubarak has ruled the Egypt since 1981 through an authoritarian system essentially unchanged since Nasser’s time. The city is facing huge problems such as significant population growth which leads to decentralization. Despite the efforts since 1980s an urgently since 1992 earhquake toconserve threatened belle epoque buildings and sites, deterioration processes in Downtown are still visible.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

10

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

2.4 Downtown Functional Changes Cairo today is witnessing the trend of commercial and economic decentralization, Downtown is also loosing its role as a cultural and touristical center of the city with the moving of the Egyptian Museum to the Pyramids Area, The Campus of the American University in Cairo was also moved to periphery and there are some plans to move the Stock Exchange and Mogamma buildings, Downtown today is contested and diverse place, between the rich and the poor, As downtown has lost its aesthetic quality and attractivness as a place to live it is thus transformed today in something as a central circulation area, As some important functions are leaving downtown (Mogamma building with its governmental offices, The Egyptian Museum, Stock Market building) will Downtown have a possibility to become a cultural, economical, political city center again or will it berely stay a domain for circulation ? Downtown with its belle-epoque building stock and central location along the Nile has a huge potential to recover and become a central place for culture, entertainment.

2.5 Downtown Social Changes Alhtough Downton Cairo has withnessed many changes since modern Khedivian district was created, the population density throughout all these years stayed similar. However, there was a big shift in a social structure in Downtown after the ‘’Officers‘ Revolution“ in 1950s. The politics of nationalization, a new rental system, tendencies to decentralization lead to higher upper classes leaving Downtown and new inhabitants moving in, many of who where people from lower/middle classes or rural imigrants.

Figure 8 Population data from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Egypt.

2.6 Downtown Users’ Needs Five million people every day come to Cairo every day on business or for pleasure, Downtown Cairo is known as a central business district where thousands of people are shuttling back and forth to finish transactions in dozens of banks and governmental offices, Many people come here to work, even more come here to spend their free time, Streets inside Downtown are packed with thousands of small businesses, variety of hotels, cinemas, banks, travel agents, coffehouses and eating places, The diverse urban functions results in variety of different types of urban users coming into the city center every day.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

11

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

3. THE APPLICATION 3.1 Project Typology The project chosen is to help in Socio-Ecnomic Development. A Business Incubator that Contribute to Socio-Ecnomic Development, Breaks Barriers and Merge Innovative Ideas through a Process of Implementation and Redirect the Youth Potential to Join the Global Business Market.

3.2 Project Program There are three Project Components; Body Business Incubator, Arms; Culture Center, Entertainmnet Center.

3.2.1 Business Incubator -Workshops : Existing Business incubates in the building that requires assistance in Project Development to act as a Makers’ space that can be rented hourly via Membership or Subscription, that they may be Empowered to evolve their Specific Projects, the workshops spaces increase in the upper floors, due to the Privacy and intimacy of spaces they need.

-Working Modules and Allied Services : will Provide New Business and Development that may need to be incubated, and modular spaces to study and work on their project, it also envisions spaces for Mentors that may provide support for these groups of new business.

-Product Launching Zones : Shall be used for Lectures , gathering , product launching , funding meetings and display of newly in-house evolved technology , it hopes to be a successful incubator model meetings all requirements that current and potential startups may need -Marketing Zone : where companies’ booths can show their products and share ideas and how it can lead to social and economic development at the exhibition zone, it occupies the first and second floors of the project.

Figure 9 Business Incubator Space Program.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

12

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

3.2.2 Entertainmnet Center

Local community Entertainment services to support the project and startups financially​​​​​​​.

-Entertainment Center : Restaurant will be provided so that the Facility may become a self sufficient one and provide food at odd working hours that one usually witnesses at these centres, Food court connected to restaurant services, Cafes, Cinemas Complex.

Figure 10 Entertainmnet Center Space Program.

3.2.3 Culture Center

-It contains semeinar rooms where discution can be held, multi purpose halls where lot of events can be held, archive with the memory of the didtrict and opera memory, and gathering spaces where alot of activiteis can be made.

Figure 11 Culture Center Space Program.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

13

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

3.3 The Scenario Visitors of the project would either be a small businessmen, people who are interested in the business field, student who need a place where they can work on their project, people interested in art and the culture of downtown, normal people of all the society layers to hang out, eat, drink, watch a movie,...etc in the entertainment center. thus, the entry level plan contains the three function to break all the barriers between people from different background and merge the different needs at the same place.

There are three entrances, each one represent arm of the project›s arms the main entrance is the one facing ibrahim basha statue where is a piazza, water feature, palm trees to define the entrance, and shaded steps to make the entrance space multifunction area. once you enter the main entrance you›ll find seminar rooms, multi purpose hall, art and cultural gallery, and vertical circulation, and from there you can acces to anywhere in the project. the second entance facing the azbakeya garden is the main business zone entrance where you can acces the banks zone, co-working modules, workshops, class,..etc. the third entrance facing the National Theater For Children is the entertainment center entrance where you can acces the cinema complex, kids simulation games, cafes, restaurant, foodcourt, and the shops.

Cultural Zone Business Zone Entertainment Zone Figure 12 Entry Level Plan.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

14

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

3.4 3D Zoning The Project is formed of three Components Business Incubator, Culture Center, Entertainmnet Center.

Cultural Zone

Entertainment Zone

Business Zone

Multifunction Zone

Figure 13 3D Zoning.

3.5 Grids and Masses The grids were designed to make each and every mass facing something unique at its end, the two longitudinal masses (grids) were designed to face ibrahim basha statue, one of them is the culture zone, the other is part of the business incubator, another mass (grid) was designed facing post office tiring at end and azzbakeya garden at its other end, the mass that contain the entertainment zone was designed to face the National Theater For Children at its end.

Figure 14 Project Layout.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

15

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

3.6 Morphology Generation

Started with three finger (each represent function:business incubator, culture zone, entertainment zone).

Redirect the three finger to follow the grids that were explained above.

Started to add volume to contain the project program (by adding floors and new mass).

Adding two masses to achieve balance in form.

Figure 15 Morphology Generation.

Figure 16 Bird’s Eye View Shows The Project Morphology.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

16

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

Figure 17 General View Shows The Project Morphology.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

17

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

4. THE CONCLUSION All in all, this project is meant to be a wakeup call to young architects. It is a Business Incubator that Contribute to Socio-Ecnomic Development, Breaks Barriers and Merge Innovative Ideas through a Process of Implementation and Redirect the Youth Potential to Join the Global Business Market. With The aim to Shift the Medium for an aspiring future; from a Sprawling Fracture to Economical Foster by Tracing the Entrepreneurship roots in Downtown and resurrect them, Merging all Historical layers of Downtown , to create Multi-Layered Global System , that preserves the continuity between memories of place, Creating a successful Catalyst by creating jobs, revitalizing neighborhoods and commercialize new technologies.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

18

Graduation Project Thesis

2020

5. THE REFERENCES -DAVID SIMS, Understanding Cairo: The Logic of a City Out of Control.

-https://www.almadaq.net/maps, March 2020.

-https://www.archdaily.com/555398/beyond-things-that-flicker-the-next-step-for-media-architecture, March 2020.

-http://clustercairo.org/cluster/publications?fbclid=IwAR0vFUryQnrXGzqc9WEfXf_5CIxiUBCiJveUwIEeBef2NIKC82nGnVb4NZo, March 2020.

-http://www.fca-arch.com/insights/2019/1/23/media-architecture-in-2019?fbclid=IwAR2V0eTaqw12G4a9iWEp--j6bU1doXXwOyHZpCxwprYakdQW1yoX5VFAx0g, March 2020.

-https://issuu.com/clustercairo/docs/cluster__toolkit_ar, March 2020.

-https://mab20.mediaarchitecture.org/frontpage/theme, March 2020.

-http://www.mediaarchitecture.com/?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com, March 2020.

-http://www.studio-basel.com/projects/cairo/student-work/divercity-downtown-cairo.html?fbclid=IwAR1biQiVOqOm3y2y4VxZd9o8zDG6nL7PK0gQLBgcauUX0kTLzFrdiC3ZZzk, March 2020.

CAIRO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE DEPT.

19

Cairo University Faculty of Engineering Architecture Department Graduation Project 2020