Daylighting book 2 0 by Taijsha

DAYLIGHTING IN INTERIORS

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO DAYLIGHT PG. 4-6 DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES IN INTERIORS PG. 7-9 HOW TO GET DAYLIGHT DEEPER INTO A BUILDING PG. 10-13 HOW TO AVOID THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DAYLIGHTING PG. 14-16 CASE STUDY: SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT PG. 17-19 BIBLIOGRAPHY PG. 20-21

TAIJSHA BAILEY DESIGN 6

INTRODUCTION TO DAYLIGHT Maximizing daylight in interiors is not only good for quality of life, but it can reduce energy cost by one third.5 In a work environment employees tend to strive when they feel a connection with the outside world around them. This can be done with a combination of windows with views, and using techniques to bring natural light into spaces that might not normally get it. To properly use daylight in interiors it is important to understand how it works, and the different types of lighting.

Diffused light and direct light are important to use when lighting interiors, but knowing the difference between the two is helpful when deciding how to light a space. Diffused light is omnipresent, and is best used to light-up a whole space.3 Direct light serves for a specific purpose, and is best used as task lighting.3 When it comes to daylighting, sunlight is linked with direct light, and how it gives off beams of light.3 Skylight is associated with diffused lighting, and how it spreads its self out through a space.3 The basic understanding of direct light and diffused light will help with different techniques to bring daylight into a space.

DAYLIGHTING TECHNIQUES IN INTERIORS

Building orientation is a significant key in getting daylight into an interior. Orienting a buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s windows on northern and southern exposures is ideal for getting the most daylight into the building.1 Windows on the east and west of a building tend to not be useful in bringing daylight in the space.1Windows on the Northside are best as big windows to give the occupants an outside view. Windows on the Southside are best to use to get light deeper into a space which can be paired with various techniques.1 While the use of the northern and southern facades of a building are ideal for getting daylight into a space, sometimes the location of the building can hinder that.

There are still other methods that come into play to effectively use it. Material usage and color play an important role and how well an interior can be lit with daylight. Something important to note is how light is absorbed when it hits something. The darker the surface the more light is absorbed.3 The lighter the surface the less light is absorbed and the more light bounces off the surface. It is best to use lighter colors in spaces that are being designed to utilize daylight. 4 White is especially good at reflecting light off of surfaces.3 It is good to have a white or light colored ceiling.4 A light colored ceiling is effective as it can help reflect the daylight into the space. Transparent and translucent materials can also be useful. Transparent materials make it so that light passes through it without it changing how much light comes through.3 Translucent materials allows for some light to pass through them.3 Using these types of materials would be useful as partition walls or areas where it is ideal to divide the space for privacy, but still allowing some natural light to come in and out. Another way to maximize daylight into a building is the use of skylights. Skylights are great for bringing in a lot of light from above. They bring in diffused light that can help bring in an overall ambiance of natural light into a space.3 While skylights are nice for bringing in a lot of light from above, they are not as ideal for getting daylight deeper into space.

HOW TO GET DAYLIGHT DEEPER INTO A BUILDING

Another way to bring light into lower levels of the building is through tubular lighting or light pipes. Like a light well the light is taken from the roof of the building, but instead of running in a vertical direction tubular lighting can be manipulated in different directions.3 They work by having a reflective interior that reflects and bounces the light around the tube and brings it into a space that is lower.3 Light tubes and pipes can be hidden in walls, ceilings, and flooring so it is easier to get daylight into lower levels.3 Designing for a space that utilizes daylight has a lot of benefits but can also have some negatives as well. Knowing what these problems are and how to avoid them is vital to properly design a space with daylighting in mind. Having daylight go deeper into a space is great in interiors because some spaces do not allow for access to windows. There are many different ways to get daylight deeper into a space. One thing to consider when trying to get natural light deeper into a space with using windows is window placement. The higher the window the more daylight will get into a space, and the more even the distribution of light.3 A way to achieve this is with clerestories. Clerestories are usually placed well above eye level and are considered to be a combination of a skylight and side lighting.3 North facing clerestories are better for getting more light into the space.1 Another way to get light deeper into a space is by using light shelves. Light shelves are placed above eye level but below the ceiling.3 They can be used on the interior and exterior of a window. How light shelves work is they change the direction of a light beam so that it bounces off of the light shelve on to the ceiling and the ceiling bounces the light deeper into the space.3 While light shelves may not increase the level of light in the space it does give a more even distribution of light.3 There are also ways to bring natural light deeper into a building through top lighting as well. Light wells are vertical shafts that go from the roof of a building and can go into the basement of a building.3 Light wells can be used as great design elements in a space while still bringing natural light deep into a building.

HOW TO AVOID THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DAYLIGHTING

One major problem with having a building that is designed for daylighting is heat gains. Heat gains happen due to having large windows and big skylights.1 Because of this, the heat from the sun is able to enter the building and can cause havoc on the HVAC system in the building.1 There are a few things that can be done to help lower the risk of heat gains. The placement of large windows plays a large part in heat gains. Larger windows should be placed on the northern façade of buildings.1 Windows on the southern end of the building are more subject to bringing in heat because of the southern exposure.1 Windows that are designed for good views are not best on the southern façade because of this reason. Another way to avoid heat gains is the use of shades and blinds. Especially on larger windows it is important to have a shading or blind system that is manageable throughout the day. When it comes to skylights there are ways to equip them so that there is less of a problem with heat gains. Some skylights have operable vents in them that allow for hot air to escape.3 Along with heat gains there can be an issue with glare in buildings. In work environments specifically glare can be a real pain. Having a space that combats this is important for the wellbeing of the occupants of the space. To avoid glare in a building it is important to look at window treatments that will be helpful. Window tinting is a way to fight against glare in a building’s interior.1 Shades and blinds are also effective in preventing glare as well.3

There are some blinds that are designed to change the direction of how the light enters a space.3 That way the glare from the light will not hinder the occupants work environment. Location of work spaces with computers is also quite important when designing a space that is made to use daylight. Computers screens can be very sensitive to intense sunlight that causes glare.1 This will make the user uncomfortable so it best to keep computer screens away from windows that bring in a lot of light. One more issue that can occur over time with a large amount of daylight entering the space is fading. Materials can fade over time from the exposure of damaging UV rays.3 Flooring, window treatments, and upholstered fabrics can become faded because of this. When picking out a material reading up on the properties of those materials and how they stand up against exposure to sunlight is important. The best place to start with the selection will be with the selection of the window treatments. Picking out window treatments that block out UV rays is the first step to preventing fading of materials.3 It is also important to note that if using materials that cannot stand up to fading and UV rays, to locate them in areas where they will not be subject to fading.

CASE STUDY: SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT

A building that exemplifies how to successfully use daylighting strategies in interiors is the Sacramento Municipal Utility District Customer Service Center (SMUD). The office space was built in 1997 and designed to maximize the use of daylight.2 When designing the building they made the decision to orient the main facades on the north and south side of the building to make best use of daylight.2 Once they decided to use the north and southern sides, they then put the appropriate types of windows on those faรงades. On the north facing side the building has full height windows.2 These windows are considered the view windows and are utilized in community employee areas such as break rooms. The full height windows are also equipped with vertical blinds that can be adjusted throughout the day in case of glare from the sun.2 Windows on the south side have light shelves.2 Light shelves work well with southern exposures to get daylight deeper into the space.

The top floor of the office has deep well skylights. The skylights provide diffused lighting to the top offices. The lobby of the building has a three story glass wall; outside of the wall there is Redwood trees used to filter sunlight coming in.2 This is a great tactic as Redwood trees are indigenous to California, and the trees help to prevents intense direct sunlight from coming in.2 The interior space its self is mostly designed with open offices with low partition walls.2 The use of open offices allows for all the workers to receive natural light. All of the windows in the building are equipped with blinds for glare prevention. The office space uses a daylight control dimming system. The luminaries have photo sensors on them that are dimmed by daylight coming in.2 This system helps to reduce power consumption in the building. The building saves 56,000 dollars on energy cost per year. 43,000 dollars of the savings come from the lighting system in the building.2

TEXT BIBLIOGRAPHY

IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Ander, Gregg. "Daylighting." Daylighting. October 23, 2014. Accessed January 16, 2016. http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php.

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2. "Reports & Publications - Case Studies." Case Studies. October 2011. AccessedJanuary23,2016.http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/rp_casestudies.asp.

3. Schiler, Marc. Simplified Design of Building Lighting. New York: Wiley, 1992.

4. Smith, Fran Kellogg., Fred J. Bertolone, and Diane Casella. Hines. Bringing Interiors to Light: The Principles and Practices of Lighting Design. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1986.

5. Tregenza, Peter, and David Loe. The Design of Lighting. London: E & FN Spon, 1998.

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