Fligth by Talita Monteiro

303

Autor: João Carlos Ferreira da Guia (John da Guia) Título: FLIGHT 303 Endereço: Rua Visconde de Guarapuava, 230 Centro, Porto União, Santa Catarina, Brasil CEP: 89400-000 J&M Cursos e Produções LTDA-ME CNPJ: 04.669.427/0001-38 email: cursos@flightidiomas.com 1º edição - 2017 Diagramação: Dizplay Propaganda - União da Vitória - PR. Fotos: Thaina Cruz Impressão: Gráfica Kaygangue - Palmas - PR.

APRESENTAÇÃO

Prezado aluno, Seja bem-vindo à FLIGHT Idiomas. Sentimo-nos honrados por termos sido escolhidos para fazer parte da construção do seu futuro. Se fomos a sua escolha, certamente foi porque você nos julgou capazes de oferecer-lhe o ensino que você merece e precisa. Portanto, faremos o possível para estar à altura de suas expectativas. Dispomos de professores capacitados, para melhor atender você. Portanto, prepare-se para aprender inglês de uma forma dinâmica e interativa. Trabalhamos com o método natural de aprendizagem, que vem conquistando cada vez mais professores e alunos por sua eficácia. O material didático que está em suas mãos foi desenvolvido com toda a atenção e cuidado por profissionais com mais de 30 anos de experiência, a fim de ser para você uma ferramenta de fixação dos conhecimentos adquiridos. Estamos certos de que a sua dedicação, unida ao nosso trabalho, resultarão na sua satisfação e sucesso. Atenciosamente, A equipe FLIGHT.

Foster Language Institute - Growing Higher Together.

Foster

Verb

Verbo

1. encourage or promote the development of

1. encorajar ou promover o desenvolvimento de (algo

(something typically regarded as good).

tipicamente relacionado a algo bom).

"The teacher's task is to foster learning."

"A tarefa do professor é promover a aprendizagem

Synonyms:

encourage,

promote,

stimulate,

advance, cultivate, nurture, strengthen, enrich.

do aluno." Sinônimos: encorajar, promover, estimular, avançar, cultivar, nutrir, fortalecer, enriquecer.

2. bring up (a child that is not one's own by birth). Synonyms:

rear, raise, care for, take care of, look

after, nurture, provide for, educate.

2. criar (uma criança que não é seu filho biológico). Sinônimos: educar, cuidar de, ser família adotiva de, confiar a.

Adjective 1. denoting someone that has a specified family

Adjetivo

connection through fostering rather than birth.

1. denota alguém que tenha conexão familiar

"Foster parents."

específica pela adoção e não pelo nascimento. "Pais adotivos."

AKNOWLEDGMENTS PARTICIPANTES DAS FOTOS Albano José Vogel

Gustavo Menoncin

Marizilde Michailik Vogel

Alexsandro Sznicer

Gustavo Pinto

Matheus Gustavo Jamikiu

Aline Konart

Gustavo Rodrigues Takaki

Max Schwarzer da Guia

Andressa Silva

Ilze Karpovicz

Melquisedeque de Lima

Aneliese Schwarzer

Irene Mochnack Marschalk

Micheli Sidor

Anne Caroline Czornobay

Jailton dos Santos

Mônica Patrícia Tusset

Camila Tarachuk

Janete Mariano Borille

Nathalia Olivia Klein

Caroline Vieira Rodrigues

Jaqueline da Silva Santos

Nathalia Schwarzer

Caroline Vogel

Jeferson Antonio Paganotto

Nurian Henko Carstens

Chaiane Tamires Carneiro

Jéssica Lode

Pedro Henrique Cecchin

Christine Solareviski

John da Guia

Pedro Menoncin

Cristine Orloski

Jonas Cruz

Rafael Bahr

Daniel Pandini Fernandes Lemos

Jorge Luis Ferreira da Guia

Rian Sabatoski Bugenski

Daiane de Ramos de Campos

Julia Schwarzer da Guia

Roberta Orth

Davi Henrique Tomi

Kauan Sabatoski Bugenski

Rodolfo Schwarzer

David Willian Mibach

Kelly Marschalk

Roni Chagas

Denis Kühn

Larissa C. da Cruz

Simone Kuritza

Douglas Klaus Bindemann

Larissa Roblowski

Susan Schwarzer da Guia

Evelyn Solareviski

Leonardo Kohl Carneiro

Suzana Przysienzny

Felipe Menoncin

Luciano Rabello

Taiana Benassi Carneiro

Flávia Luciane Barbieri

Matheus Kohl Carneiro

Valdir Chrisostomo

Flávia Yagnycz Danielak

Marco Aurélio Martins

Vinicius Vogel

Gabriel Cândido

Marcos Schwarzer

Vitor de Ramos Carneiro de Campos

Glória da Guia

Margid Schwarzer da Guia

Vitor Ulrich Dal Bó

Gregory C. Dabrowski

Mari de Campos

Viviane Iliuk

Guilherme Passero

Maria Augusta Buch

William Cenci

Gustavo N. Magerowski

Maria Eduarda Cecchin

Cães: Cleo, Ketty e Mel. Gato: Garfield

ESTABELECIMENTOS AABB

Dib’s Gelateria e Hamburgueria

Porão Discos

Academia Ômega

GEM - Produções Artísticas

Relojoaria Safira

Arriba Food & Bar

Hotel San Rafael

Sacolão e Varejo Verdurama

Casas Estrela

Loja Muzi

Stop Banca

Cine Gracher – Porto União

Oishii Kaiten

Summer Sorveteria

Confeitaria Camafeus

Padaria Zanetti

Zipperer (Rua Professor Cleto)

Consultório Luciano Rabello

Pedroso Informática

D’Marco Veículos

Pizzaria Mamma Mia

AS VOZES Douglas Klaus Bindemann

Julia S. da Guia

Matheus Jakimiu

Isabela Grossklaus

Junior Zytkowski

Max S. da Guia

Joan Butler

Margid S. da Guia

Renata Castilho

John da Guia

Marina Gaspari de Mello

Susan S. da Guia

CONTENTS

LESSON 1 - AT THE AIRPORT.........................................................................................................6 The Imperative The Simple Presente Tense

LESSON 2 - ARRIVING IN AUSTRALIA ........................................................................................14 The Future Tense with GOING TO The Future Tense with WILL

LESSON 3 - THE BIG APPLE .........................................................................................................22 Structures expressing existence: THERE IS, THERE ARE, THERE WAS, THERE WERE Ordinal Numbers from 1 st to 99 th

LESSON 4 - AT A COFFEE SHOP..................................................................................................32 The Simple Past Tense of Regular Verbs

LESSON 5 - THE NEW CELL PHONE ...........................................................................................42 The Simple Past Tense of Regulars Verbs

LESSON 6 - SUMMER VACATION ................................................................................................48 The Simple Past Tense of Irregular Verbs

LESSON 7 - AN AFTERNOON SNACK .........................................................................................56 The Simple Past Tense of Irregular Verbs

CONTENTS

LESSON 8 - ON A CITY TOUR....................................................................................................62 The Comparative of Superiority of adjectives of three or more syllables The Superlative of adjectives of three or more syllables

LESSON 9 - BUYING SOME NEW CLOTHES.............................................................................70 The Comparative of Superiority of adjectives of one or two syllables The Superlative of adjectives of one or two syllables

LESSON 10 - WHAT WERE THEY DOING WHEN.....................................................................80 The Past Continuous Tense

LESSON

UNDERSTANDING

1. Usher: Hello there, sir, can I see your ticket, please? OK, your seat is down the right aisle in the third row. Man: Thank you. / Usher: Enjoy the movie.

2. Woman: Honey, where’s my carry on? Man: It’s in the overhead compartment.

3. Girl on the right: Calm down! It’s only a movie. Girl on the left: I know, but I don’t like scary movies.

4. Mom: Always fasten your seat belt when you’re driving. / Young man: OK, Mom, don’t worry.

5. Man: Don’t drink that, it’s beer! Boy: Oh, that’s right. I want some orange juice.

6. Man: I don’t understand why you don’t like to fly. Woman: I just get really scared.

7. Woman: Carry these bags for me, please. Man: Sure, honey.

8. Mom: Wash the dishes for me now. / Girl: Just a minute, Mom! I’m checking my messages.

LESSON

EXPLORING AT THE AIRPORT

1. Mike: Here we are. Tracy: Get my bags in the trunk, please.

2. Mike: Wow, is all this baggage going to fit in the overhead compartment? / Tracy: Of course not, I’m going to check in some bags.

3. Mike: Don’t forget to fasten your seat belt! Tracy: Hey Mike, you’re really afraid of flying, aren’t you?

4. Mike: A little bit, but I usually have a drink to relax. How about you? / Tracy: I like to watch the inflight movies and sometimes have some wine.

5. Mike: Wow, I don’t understand how you can be so calm. / Tracy: If you don’t know, planes are really safe.

6. Mike: Well Tracy, have a great time in Australia! Tracy: Thanks, Mike. It’s really going to be amazing.

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1._______________________________________________________________________________________? 2.______________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. Tracy’s bags are at home. _______________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Tracy is afraid of flying. _______________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Tracy sometimes has some beer to relax when she flies. _______________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Tracy is going to have an amazing time in England. _______________________________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. My bags are in the _____________________ of the car. 2. On the plane, I’m going to put my baggage in the _____________________ compartment. 3. You can’t take all those bags on the plane. You need to _____________________ some bags. 4. It’s important to _____________________ your seat belt when you’re in a car. 5. “Are you _____________________ of flying, Ann?” “No, I’m not.” 6. I don’t drink much beer. I prefer _____________________. 7. I love to watch the _____________________ movies when I’m taking a trip on a plane. 8. I don’t get nervous when I’m flying because planes are really _____________________. 9. Sydney is in _____________________. 10. “How was your trip to London?” “It was _____________________.” D. Structure formation practice. “Where is your seat?” Example: (left – first) “My seat is down the left aisle in the first row.” 1. (right – second) __________________________________________________________________________. 2. (left – fourth) ___________________________________________________________________________. 3. (right – sixth) ___________________________________________________________________________. 4. (left – tenth) ____________________________________________________________________________. E. Structure formation practice. Example: (Calm down) “Calm down, it’s only a movie.” “I know, but I don’t like horror movies.” 1. (Relax) ___________________________________._____________________________________________. 2. (Take it easy) ______________________________._____________________________________________. 3. (Chill out) _________________________________._____________________________________________. 4. (Calm down) _______________________________.____________________________________________.

THE IMPERATIVE Muito utilizado na língua inglesa, o Imperative expressa um pedido ou uma ordem. Exemplo: Não saia agora. Lave a louça primeiro. Leia um livro.

Don’t go out now. Do the dishes first.

Read a book.

Nos verbos em inglês, a forma afirmativa do Imperative é similar à do Infinitive, porém sem o to. INFINITIVE

IMPERATIVE AFFIRMATIVE FORM

TO WASH

WASH

TO STUDY

STUDY

TO WEAR

WEAR

A forma negativa do Imperative é constituída de do not (don’t) e do infinitive sem o to. INFINITIVE

IMPERATIVE NEGATIVE FORM

TO WASH

DON’T WASH

TO STUDY

DON’T STUDY

TO WEAR

DON’T WEAR

F. Structure formation practice. Example: (beer) “Don’t drink that, it’s beer.” “Oh yeah, that’s right.” 1. (whiskey) ________________________________________.______________________________________. 2. (vodka) _________________________________________.______________________________________. 3. (wine)____________________________________________. ______________________________________. 4. (rum)___________________________________________.______________________________________. G. Structure formation practice. Example: (fasten your seat belt) Don’t forget to fasten your seat belt. 1. (clean your room)_________________________________________________________________________. 2. (wash the dishes)_________________________________________________________________________. 3. (call when you arrive)______________________________________________________________________. 4. (buy a gift for Cindy)______________________________________________________________________. H. Structure formation practice. Example: (calm) I don’t understand how you can be so calm. 1. (afraid)_________________________________________________________________________________. 2. (nervous)_______________________________________________________________________________. 3. (negative)_______________________________________________________________________________. 4. (positive)_______________________________________________________________________________.

I. Structure formation practice. Example: (Australia) Have a great time in Australia. 1. (the United States)________________________________________________________________________. 2. (Canada)________________________________________________________________________________. 3. (France)________________________________________________________________________________. 4. (Germany)______________________________________________________________________________. J. Structure formation practice. Example: (New Zealand - amazing) My trip to New Zealand is going to be really amazing. 1. (Dubai - fantastic)_________________________________________________________________________. 2. (Africa - wonderful)_______________________________________________________________________. 3. (China - incredible)________________________________________________________________________. 4. (Italy - awesome)_________________________________________________________________________. K. Grammar practice. Complete with the Imperative form. 1. __________________________ here, please. (to come) 2. __________________________ my chocolate. (not; to eat) 3. __________________________ the door. There’s somebody there. (to open) 4. __________________________ this milk. It’s not good anymore. (not; to drink) 5. __________________________ my bags in the trunk. (to get) 6. __________________________ afraid, it’s only a movie. (not; to be) 7. __________________________ for the test. (to study) 8. __________________________ to buy the gift for Pamela. (not; to forget)

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Também de uso frequente no idioma, o Simple Present Tense é o tempo verbal que indica uma ação ou evento habitual. Exemplo: Eu geralmente pratico esportes.

I usually practice sports.

É comum encontrar as seguintes palavras em frases no Simple Present Tense: usually, often, always, sometimes, never, every (day, week, month...). No Simple Present Tense, utilizam-se os auxiliares do e does, os quais aparecem apenas em frases negativas e interrogativas. Na 3.ª pessoa do singular, em frases afirmativas, acrescenta-se um s, es ou ies ao final do verbo, de acordo com a terminação. Como podemos observar no quadro a seguir, por ser terminado em e, foi acrescentado apenas um s ao verbo.

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

DRIVE

DON’T

DRIVE

YOU DRIVE

YOU

DRIVE

YOU

DON’T

DRIVE

DOES

DRIVE

DOES

SHE

DRIVE

DOES

DRIVE

HE DRIVES SHE DRIVES

TO WORK EVERY DAY.

TO WORK EVERY DAY?

DOESN’T DRIVE

SHE DOESN’T DRIVE

DRIVES

DRIVE

DON’T

DRIVE

YOU DRIVE

YOU

DRIVE

YOU

DON’T

DRIVE

THEY DRIVE

THEY

DRIVE

THEY

DON’T

DRIVE

DOESN’T DRIVE

TO WORK EVERY DAY.

L. Grammar practice. Complete with the Simple Present tense. 1. My son ___________________________ tennis. (not, to play) 2. Robert ___________________________ in Chicago. (to live) 3. I’m thirsty. I ___________________________ to drink something. (to want) 4. Francine ___________________________ to the gym every day. (to go) 5. They ___________________________ to stay home on weekends. (not; to like) 6. He ___________________________ how to speak German. (not; to know) 7. My friends and I ___________________________ ice cream. (to love) 8. Victor ___________________________ English every Saturday. (to study) M. Grammar practice. Change sentences 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8 from exercise ‘L’ to the interrogative form and answer the questions. Number one is done for you: 1. “Does your son play tennis?” “No, he doesn’t.” 2. ______________________________________________________? _______________________________. 4. ______________________________________________________? _______________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________? _______________________________. 6. ______________________________________________________? _______________________________. 8. ______________________________________________________? _______________________________. N. Choose the correct option. 1. What do you usually do to relax?

(

) Well, planes are very safe.

2. Where are you going?

(

) They are in the trunk.

3. Where are your bags?

(

) I like to drink some wine.

4. Why aren’t you afraid of flying?

(

) I’m taking a trip to Rome.

O. Give complete answers to the following questions from the lesson. 1. Where are Tracy’s bags? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. In Tracy’s opinion, are planes safe? ________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. What does Mike do to relax when he flies? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Where is Tracy going? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. According to Tracy, how is her trip going to be? ________________________________________________________________________________________. P. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________? It’s in the glove compartment. 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________? My seat is on the right aisle in the second row. 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, thanks. I don’t drink alcoholic beverages. 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, I prefer comedies.

Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. a. Because planes are very safe. b. Because I love to fly. c. Because I’m afraid of horror movies. d. Because I’m afraid of flying. 2. a. It’s in the overhead compartment. b. It’s downstairs in the living room. c. It’s on the left aisle in the third row. d. It’s under the seat in front of you. 3. a. No, I’m afraid. b. Yes, I love horror movies. c. Yes, a little bit. d. No, thank you. 4. a. It was amazing. b. It was last month. c. It’s in England. d. Australia was incredible. 5. a. No, I prefer to watch movies. b. Yes, I am. c. Sure, they are great. d. Yes, she does.

VOCABULARY AFRAID AISLE AMAZING BAG BAGGAGE BIT CALM

Useful Expressions CHECK DISH DOWN DRIVE FASTEN FIT FLY

INFLIGHT MESSAGE OVERHEAD COMPARTMENT PLANE RELAX RIGHT

ROW SAFE SCARED SEAT BELT TICKET WINE

Of course! Calm down! Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t worry! Just a minute!

Notes NOTES

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 13

LESSON 1. Woman: Oh, dear, where is my passport? Man: It’s with me. / Woman: Ahh, what a relief!

UNDERSTANDING

2. Woman: Excuse me, sir, where is the baggage claim area, please? Man: It’s on the right, ma’am.

3. Man on the left: The parking lot is over there, sir.

4. Man: You take the car. I’ll take the bus.

5. Man: My nephew and niece are going to stay with me when they come visit.

6. Woman: I don’t drink alcoholic beverages.

7. Boy: What’s in that package? Man: It’s a present for your mom.

8. Man: Hotels are usually expensive, but San Rafael Hotel® has very good rates.

LESSON

EXPLORING ARRIVING IN AUSTRALIA

1. Tracy’s friend: Oh my Gosh, I can’t believe you’re really here! / Tracy: Wow, it’s so good to see you.

2. Tracy’s friend: How’s everything at home? Tracy: Everything is fine, my nephew and niece miss you a lot. / Tracy’s friend: I’ll visit them someday.

3. Tracy: Are we going to see the Sydney Opera House? Tracy’s friend: Sure, but let’s put your bags in the car and have a drink first. It’s so hot.

4. Tracy: Gee, I hope the hotel has a room available. Tracy’s friend: No way, Tracy! You’re going to stay with me. Hotels are very expensive here.

5. Tracy: Wow, thanks! You’re a great friend. Will your uncle meet us here?

6. Tracy’s friend: Yeah, he’s going to meet us in the parking lot. Tracy: Great, I can’t wait to see him again.

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1._______________________________________________________________________________________? 2.______________________________________________________________________________________? 3.______________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. Tracy’s brother and sister miss Tracy’s friend a lot. _______________________________________________________________________________________. 2. They are going to see the Sydney Opera House before they have a drink. _______________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Hotels in Australia are cheap. _______________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Tracy’s aunt is going to meet them in the parking lot. _______________________________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. “Do you have my cell phone?” “Yes, I do. What a ______________________!” 2. This ______________________ lot is full of cars. 3. My brother has a son and a daughter. My __________________ and ________________ are so beautiful. 4. Beer and wine are ______________________ beverages. 5. Hotels are very______________________ in London. 6. I hope that hotel has a room ______________________. 7. My father has two brothers. My ______________________ are really cool. 8. When we arrive, we have to go to the baggage ______________________ area to get our bags. 9. I can’t ______________________ it’s my birthday tomorrow. I’m so happy! 10. I can’t ______________________ to see my friends again. I’m so excited! D. Structure formation practice. Example: (you’re really here) Oh, my Gosh. I can’t believe you’re really here! 1. (it’s really my birthday) ____________________________. ________________________________________! 2. (it’s really Friday)________________________________. ________________________________________! 3. (we’re really in New York)_________________________. ________________________________________! 4. (you’re really going to the party) ___________________. ________________________________________! E. Structure formation practice. Example: (good) It’s good to see you again. 1. (great) _________________________________________________________________________________. 2. (awesome) ______________________________________________________________________________. 3. (wonderful)______________________________________________________________________________. 4. (fantastic) _____________________________________________________________________________.

F. Structure formation practice. Example: (baggage claim area) Excuse me, sir. Where is the baggage claim area, please? 1. (airport)________________________________. ______________________________________________? 2. (Star Hotel)_____________________________. ______________________________________________? 3. (parking lot) ____________________________. ______________________________________________? 4. (restroom)______________________________. ______________________________________________? G. Structure formation practice. Example: (alcoholic beverages) I don’t drink alcoholic beverages. 1. (soft drinks)_____________________________________________________________________________. 2. (coffee)________________________________________________________________________________. 3. (whiskey)_______________________________________________________________________________. 4. (tea)__________________________________________________________________________________. H. Structure formation practice. Example: “What’s in that package?” “It’s a present for my mom.” (package – present – mom) 1. ______________________________________?_______________________________________________. (box – gift – wife) 2. _____________________________________ ? _______________________________________________. (bag – toy – son) 3. _____________________________________? _______________________________________________. (room - surprise – sister) 4. _____________________________________? _______________________________________________. (envelope – card – friend) I. Structure formation practice. Example: (Hotels) Hotels are very expensive. 1. (Cars) _________________________________________________________________________________. 2. (TVs)__________________________________________________________________________________. 3. (Houses) _______________________________________________________________________________. 4. (Cell phones)____________________________________________________________________________. J. Structure formation practice. Example: (see my friends) I can’t wait to see my friends again. 1. (visit my uncle)___________________________________________________________________________. 2. (take a trip)_____________________________________________________________________________. 3. (go to the beach)_________________________________________________________________________. 4. (eat at that pizza place)____________________________________________________________________.

THE FUTURE TENSE WITH GOING TO Como já foi visto anteriormente, uma das formas de indicar o futuro em inglês é utilizando o going to. É importante lembrar-se da formação de uma frase com going to: verb to be (no presente) + going to + verbo principal (forma infinitiva sem to) Example: Eu vou estudar amanhã.

I am going to study tomorrow.

John vai buscar Peter no terminal rodoviário. Nós vamos jantar naquele restaurante esta noite.

John is going to pick Peter up from the bus terminal. We are going to have dinner at that restaurant tonight.

Para tornar as frases negativas, deve-se acrescentar not após o verb to be. Example: Eu não vou estudar amanhã. I am not going to study tomorrow. John não vai buscar Peter no terminal rodoviário. John is not going to pick Peter up from the bus terminal. Nós não vamos jantar naquele restaurante esta noite. We are not going to have dinner at that restaurant tonight. Nas frases interrogativas do futuro com o going to, basta posicionar o verb to be antes do sujeito. Example: Eu vou estudar amanhã? Am I going to study tomorrow? John vai buscar Peter no terminal rodoviário? Is John going to pick Peter up from the bus terminal? Nós vamos jantar naquele restaurante esta noite? Are we going to have dinner at that restaurant tonight? K. Grammar practice. Complete with the Simple Future with going to and the verbs in parentheses. 1. My mom ________________________________________ a chocolate cake for my birthday. (to make) 2. The children ________________________________________ the new amusement park. (to visit) 3. My parents ________________________________________ on the holiday. (not; to work) 4. ________________________________________ a taxi home? (they; to take) 5. I ________________________________________ with my uncle in New York. (to stay) 6. Laura ________________________________________ her friends again. (to see) 7. When ________________________________________ ? (you; to leave) 8. John ________________________________________ a beer. (to drink)

THE FUTURE TENSE WITH WILL Como visto, podemos também indicar o futuro utilizando will, sendo este mais simples, pois o will será utilizado para todas as pessoas igualmente. As frases com will possuem a seguinte constituição: will + verbo principal (forma infinitiva sem to) Example: Eu darei um livro a ela.

I will give her a book.

Mary irá cozinhar para nós amanhã.

Mary will cook for us tomorrow.

Eles/Elas ficarão em um hotel.

They will stay at a hotel.

A forma contracta de will é 'll e é utilizada para todas as pessoas. Example: Eu darei um livro a ela.

I’ll give her a book. They’ll stay at a hotel.

Eles/Elas ficarão em um hotel.

Na forma negativa, basta usar will not ou won’t antes do verbo / após o sujeito. Example: Eu não darei um livro a ela.

I will not / won’t give her a book.

Mary não irá cozinhar para nós amanhã. Eles / Elas não ficarão em um hotel.

Mary will not / won’t cook for us tomorrow. They will not / won’t stay at a hotel.

Na forma interrogativa, deve-se posicionar o will antes do sujeito. Example: Eu darei um livro a ela?

Will I give her a book?

Mary irá cozinhar para nós amanhã?

Will Mary cook for us tomorrow? Will they stay at a hotel?

Eles/Elas ficarão em um hotel?

Para responder uma pergunta começada com will, deve-se utilizar will para dar uma resposta curta afirmativa e won’t para dar uma resposta curta negativa. Example: - Eu darei um livro a ela? - Sim, dará.

- Will I give her a book? - Yes, you will.

- Mary irá cozinhar para nós amanhã? - Não, não irá. - Eles/Elas ficarão em um hotel? - Sim, ficarão.

- Will Mary cook for us tomorrow? - No, she won’t. - Will they stay at a hotel? - Yes, they will.

L. Grammar practice. Complete with the Simple Future with will and the verb in parentheses. 1. I _____________________ from the States next month. (to arrive) 2. My brother ______________________ me tomorrow. (to help) 3. The students ______________________ the new teacher today. (to meet) 4. The children ___________________ the presents under the tree until tomorrow morning. (not; to open) 5. _____________________ to the party tonight? (they; to go) 6. My dad ______________________ a new car next week. (not; to buy) 7. My brother ____________________ at his friend’s house tonight. (to stay) M. Grammar practice. Answer the questions using short answers. 1. Are you going to leave early? Yes, __________________________. 2. Will the children watch a movie tonight? No, __________________________. 3. Is your sister going to class tomorrow? No, __________________________. 4. Will you stay home tonight? Yes, __________________________. N. Choose the correct option. 1. Where’s my passport?

(

) Yes, it is.

2. Is the parking lot over there?

(

) Yes, they are.

3. What’s in that package?

(

) It’s over there.

4. Are hotels expensive here?

(

) It’s a gift for my mom.

O. Give complete answers to the questions about the lesson. 1. How’s everything with Tracy’s family? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What place is Tracy going to visit? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Is Tracy going to stay at a hotel? Why (not)? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Who is going to meet the girls at the airport? ________________________________________________________________________________________. P. Create questions for the following answers. 1. _________________________________________________________________________? No, I will go to the club tomorrow. 2. _________________________________________________________________________? Yes, I’m going there next week.

3. ______________________________________________________________________________________? I’ll take a trip next month. 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________? I’m going to California. Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. a. Everything is home. b. Everything is great. c. Everything is over there. d. Everything is in the bag. 2. a. No, I only drink beer. b. Yes, I’m hungry. c. No, I don’t. d. Yes, this juice is great. 3. a. Sure, she will. b. Sure, there is. c. Sure, you can. d. Sure, we are. 4. a. Yes, I’m going to take a taxi. b. Yes, I’m going to take the bus. c. No, I’m going to take the bus. d. Yes, I’m going by car. 5. a. My passport is in my bag. b. It’s over there. c. My friend is. d. My uncle is at the bus station.

VOCABULARY

Useful Expressions

AGAIN

AREA

HOT

PACKAGE

ROOM

Gee!

ALCOHOLIC

BELIEVE

MEET

PARKING

SOMEDAY

Gosh!

AVAILABLE

BEVERAGES

MISS

PUT

STAY

BAGGAGE

EVERYTHING

NEPHEW

RATES

UNCLE

CLAIM

HOPE

NIECE

RELIEF

LESSON 1. Young man: There were millions of things to do in Las Vegas.

UNDERSTANDING

2. Man: There was a great movie on TV last night.

3. Woman on the left: Wow, your daughter is really polite.

4. Man on the left: Hey, let’s go to the movies tonight? Man on the right: Sorry, I don’t have any money. Man on the left: Don’t worry! It’s on me.

5. Man on the left: Were there any good shows in New York? / Man on the right: Yes, there were.

6. Man on the right: There weren’t any pounds in my wallet, there were only dollars.

7. Woman on the right: Where is The Empire State Building? / Woman on the left: It’s in Manhattan on 5th Ave between 33rd and 34th Street.

8. Man on the left: Big Ben is located in London, England.

LESSON

EXPLORING THE BIG APPLE

1. Anna: Hey, Debbie! So, how was your trip to New York? / Debbie: It was just great. There were so many things to do.

2. Anna: Was there enough time to visit the Empire State Building? / Debbie: Sure, there was. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s really amazing! And Times Square makes you feel like youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re in a movie!

3. Anna: Were there a lot of people there? / Debbie: Yes, there were thousands of tourists. And there was a cool jazz band playing in Central Park.

4. Anna: Were the New Yorkers rude? Debbie: Of course not, they were all very polite.

5. Debbie: A funny thing happened when I was there. / Anna: What?

6. Debbie: There were only pounds in my wallet when I arrived. / Anna: Really? Were you embarrassed? / Debbie: Yes, I was.

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1._______________________________________________________________________________________? 2.______________________________________________________________________________________? 3.______________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. There were so many things to do on Debbie’s trip to London. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. The Empire State Building makes you feel like you’re in a movie. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. The New Yorkers were all very rude. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. There were 30 dollars in Debbie’s wallet. ________________________________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. There were thousands of _________________ to do in Orlando. 2. Your daughter isn’t rude. She’s very ____________________. 3. There are ____________________ from all around the world in New York. 4. “I don’t have any money for the ticket.” “Don’t worry. It’s ___________________ me.” 5. London is in _______________________. 6. In London, you need __________________ to buy things, not dollars. 7. I was very _______________________ when I forgot her name. 8. My money is in my ________________________. 9. The Empire State Building is in ______________________, New York. 10. Big Ben is ____________________ in London, England. D. Structure formation practice. Example: (great movie – on TV) There was a great movie on TV last night. 1. (great show – in New York)_________________________________________________________________. 2. (great party – at the club)__________________________________________________________________. 3. (great band – at the Ballroom) ______________________________________________________________. 4. (great promotion – at that store)_____________________________________________________________. E. Structure formation practice. Example: (Empire State Building – New York) “Where’s the Empire State Building?” “It’s in New York.” 1. (Big Ben – London) ____________________________________? __________________________________. 2. (Sydney – Australia)___________________________________? __________________________________. 3. (The Sugar Loaf – Rio de Janeiro)_________________________? __________________________________. 4. (The Eiffel Tower – Paris) _______________________________? __________________________________.

F. Structure formation practice. Example: (people – polite) The people at the party were very polite. 1. (men – rude)____________________________________________________________________________. 2. (girls – beautiful) ________________________________________________________________________. 3. (children – cute)_________________________________________________________________________. 4. (women – elegant)_______________________________________________________________________.

G. Structure formation practice. Example: (things to do – New York) There were hundreds of things to do in New York. 1. (things to buy – Paris)_____________________________________________________________________. 2. (things to see – Las Vegas)_________________________________________________________________. 3. (places to visit – Orlando)__________________________________________________________________. 4. (things to do - Chicago)___________________________________________________________________.

H. Structure formation practice. Example: (in Spain) A funny thing happened when I was in Spain. 1. (at the beach) ___________________________________________________________________________. 2. (at the show)____________________________________________________________________________. 3. (in Mexico) _____________________________________________________________________________. 4. (at the party)___________________________________________________________________________. I. Structure formation practice. Example: (embarrassed) “I was so embarrassed yesterday.” “Why, what happened?” 1. (happy)_________________________________________._______________________________________. 2. (sad)___________________________________________. ______________________________________. 3. (excited)________________________________________. ______________________________________. 4. (afraid)_________________________________________.______________________________________. J. Structure formation practice. Example: (Big Ben) Where is Big Ben located? 1. (The Great Wall of China)___________________________________________________________________. 2. (The Eiffel Tower) ________________________________________________________________________.

3. (The Statue of Liberty)____________________________________________________________________. 4. (The Sugar Loaf) ________________________________________________________________________.

STRUCTURES THAT EXPRESS EXISTENCE: THERE IS, THERE ARE, THERE WAS AND THERE WERE Como já vimos anteriormente, utilizamos as estruturas there is e there are para indicar existência no presente, e there was e there were para indicar existência no passado. Abaixo, podemos relembrar o uso e a composição dessas estruturas tão usadas em inglês.

PRESENT - THERE IS, THERE ARE Devemos sempre lembrar que there is e there are acompanham o sujeito utilizado na frase, portanto, se o sujeito da frase for singular, devemos sempre utilizar there is, e se o sujeito for plural, utilizamos there are. Exemplos: Há uma caneta sobre a carteira. Há três carros na garagem.

There is a pen on the desk. There are three cars in the garage.

Lembre-se que, nas frases interrogativas, basta posicionar o is ou are antes de there. Exemplos: Há uma caneta sobre a carteira? Há três carros na garagem?

Is there a pen on the desk? Are there three cars in the garage?

Para transformar em frases negativas, basta colocar o not depois de there is ou there are. Exemplos: There is not a pen on the desk. There isn’t a pen on the desk.

Não há uma caneta sobre a carteira. Não há três carros na garagem.

There are not three cars in the garage. There aren’t three cars in the garage.

PAST - THERE WAS, THERE WERE Assim como no presente, there was e there were também acompanham o sujeito utilizado na frase, porém, no passado. Portanto, se o sujeito da frase é singular, devemos sempre utilizar there was, e se o sujeito for plural, utilizamos there were. Exemplos: Houve um bom show na minha cidade ontem. Havia muitas pessoas no cinema noite passada.

There was a good concert in my city yesterday. There were many people at the movies last night.

Para transformar em frases negativas, basta colocar o not depois de there was ou there were. Exemplos: Não houve um bom show na minha cidade ontem.

Não havia muitas pessoas no cinema noite passada.

There was not a good concert in my city yesterday. There wasn’t a good concert in my city yesterday. There were not many people at the movies last night. There weren’t many people at the movies last night.

A seguir, podemos ver de forma resumida todas as estruturas utilizando there is, there are, there was e there were. PAST

PRESENT SINGULAR

PLURAL

SINGULAR

PLURAL

AFFIRMATIVE

THERE IS

THERE ARE

THERE WAS

THERE WERE

AFFIRMATIVE CONTRACTED

THERE’S

________

INTERROGATIVE

IS THERE...?

ARE THERE...?

WAS THERE...?

WERE THERE...?

NEGATIVE

THERE IS NOT

NEGATIVE CONTRACTED

THERE’S NOT THERE ISN’T

THERE ARE NOT THERE WAS NOT THERE WERE NOT _______ THERE AREN’T

_______ THERE WASN’T

_______ THERE WEREN’T

K. Grammar practice. Complete with: there is, there are, there was or there were in the correct form. 1. ____________________________ twenty pounds in my wallet yesterday. 2. ____________________________ a great show at the club last night. 3. ____________________________ a good movie on TV tonight? 4. ____________________________a lot of people at the concert last week? 5. ____________________________ any juice for breakfast, only coffee. 6. ____________________________ a soccer game tonight, but there is a volleyball game. 7. ____________________________ a swimming pool in your backyard? 8. ____________________________many things to do in Las Vegas.

L. Grammar practice. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, there is. 2. _____________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, there are. 3. _____________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, there was. 4. _____________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, there were.

M. Grammar practice. Complete the following sentences. Use your imagination. 1. There isn’t ______________________________________________________________________________. 2. There aren’t _____________________________________________________________________________. 3. There wasn’t ____________________________________________________________________________. 4. There weren’t ___________________________________________________________________________.

ORDINAL NUMBERS FROM 1st TO 90th. 1st - First

6th – Sixth

11th - Eleventh

16th – Sixteenth

2nd - Second

7th – Seventh

12th - Twelfth

17th - Seventeenth

3rd - Third

8th – Eighth

13th - Thirteenth

18th - Eighteenth

4th - Fourth

9th – Ninth

14th - Fourteenth

19th - Nineteenth

5th - Fifth

10th – Tenth

15th - Fifteenth

20th - Twentieth

21st – Twenty - first

25th - Twenty - fifth

29th - Twenty - ninth

60th - sixtieth

22nd - Twenty - second

26th - Twenty - sixth

30th – Thirtieth

70th - seventieth

23rd - Twenty - third

27th - Twenty - seventh

40th – fortieth

80th - eightieth

24th - Twenty - fourth

28th - Twenty - eighth

50th – fiftieth

90th - ninetieth

N. Grammar practice. Example: Today is November 22nd. Today is November twenty-second. 1. Today is October 7th. ______________________________________________________________________. 2. Today is January 12th. _____________________________________________________________________. 3. Today is March 20th.______________________________________________________________________. 4. Today is September 23rd.__________________________________________________________________. 5. Today is May 21st.________________________________________________________________________. 28

O. Grammar practice. Write the ordinal numbers in full. 1. 43rd ___________________________________________________________________________________. 2. 51st ___________________________________________________________________________________. 3. 59th ___________________________________________________________________________________. 4. 68th ___________________________________________________________________________________. 5. 74th ___________________________________________________________________________________. 6. 80th ___________________________________________________________________________________. 7. 92nd ___________________________________________________________________________________. 8. 55th ___________________________________________________________________________________.

P. Give complete answers to the questions about the lesson. 1. How was Debbie’s trip to New York? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What places make you feel like you’re in a movie? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Were the New Yorkers rude? _________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Why was Debbie embarrassed? _________________________________________________________________________________________.

Q. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________? The Eiffel Tower is in Paris, France. 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, there were only pounds in my wallet. 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, I don’t have any money. 4. _____________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, there were millions of things to do in New York.

Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. a. OK, I’m hungry. b. OK, great idea. c. OK, New York is great. d. OK, don’t worry. 2. a. No, they were all beautiful. b. Yes, they were. c. Yes, there were. d. No, the girls were very beautiful. 3. a. It’s in London, England. b. It’s very beautiful. c. It’s on the table. d. London is in England. 4. a. No, they are rude. b. No, there aren’t. c. No, the girls are in England. d. No, they aren’t. 5. a. There is a great show tonight. b. There was a movie last night. c. There was a great show there. d. There were polite people there.

VOCABULARY

AMAZING

ENOUGH

POLITE

ANY

FEEL

POUNDS

ARRIVE

FUNNY

RUDE

COOL

LOCATED

WORRY

EMBARRASSED

ONLY

Notes NOTES

LESSON 1. GirI on the right: I loved that new shop downtown.

UNDERSTANDING

2. Girl on the right: They opened a new health club near my house.

3. Girl: I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t wash the dishes yesterday.

4. Man on the right: Hey Mike, do you have a date for the party on Saturday? Man on the left: Yeah, sheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tall and brunette.

5. Girl on the right: Hey, are you hungry? How about cake with some coffee. / Girl on the left: Perfect.

6. Girl: I asked Mom to prepare my favorite dish, macaroni and cheese. Yummy!

7. Waitress: May I get you something to drink?

8. Voice over: The children played hide and seek last night.

LESSON

EXPLORING AT A COFFEE SHOP

1. Mark: Hey Ryan, do you have a date for Saturday? Ryan: Not yet, I called Debbie yesterday but she wasn’t home.

2. Ryan: How about you? / Mark: Well, Anna is grounded because she didn’t do her homework last weekend. / Ryan: That’s too bad.

3. Waitress: Excuse me, are you ready to order? Mark: Yes, can I have some coffee and some pastries? Ryan: I’ll have the same. / Waitress: All right.

4. Mark: Hey did you like the last episode of “Strange days”? / Ryan: Yeah, I loved it. It was awesome. And the new actress is really tall, don’t you think?

5. Mark: You mean the brunette one who visited the little boy when he was sick.

6. Ryan: Man, I watched that part over and over, really scary! / Mark: For sure!

C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. There’s a new shop __________________. It’s really nice. 2. There’s a big swimming pool at that ____________ _____________ . 3. “Who is your __________________ for the party?” “Her name is Bruna.” 4. “__________________ about some coffee and cake?” “Great idea!” 5. The children played hide and __________________ last night. 6. Johnny is ___________________ because he didn’t do his homework. 7. “Would you like a __________________ of cake?” “Sure.” 8. The movie was really __________________. I don’t like horror movies so much. 9. That girl isn’t blond. She’s __________________. 10. “What’s your favorite __________________?” “It’s macaroni and cheese.”

D. Structure formation practice. Example: (coffee shop) I loved that new coffee shop downtown. 1. (restaurant)_____________________________________________________________________________. 2. (store)_________________________________________________________________________________. 3. (pizza place)____________________________________________________________________________. 4. (snack bar) _____________________________________________________________________________.

E. Structure formation practice. Example: (health club) They opened a new health club yesterday. 1. (movie theater)___________________________________________________________________________. 2. (department store)________________________________________________________________________. 3. (gym) _________________________________________________________________________________. 4. (club) __________________________________________________________________________________. F. Structure formation practice. Example: (hide and seek) The children played hide and seek yesterday. 1. (soccer)________________________________________________________________________________. 2. (basketball)_____________________________________________________________________________. 3. (volleyball)_____________________________________________________________________________. 4. (tennis) _______________________________________________________________________________.

G. Structure formation practice. Example: (do my homework) “Why are you grounded?” “I didn’t do my homework yesterday.” 1. (do the dishes)_________________________________? _________________________________________. 2. (clean my room) _______________________________? _________________________________________. 3. (walk the dog)_________________________________?_________________________________________. 4. (help my brother)______________________________? _________________________________________.

H. Structure formation practice. Example: (some coffee) “Are you ready to order?” “Yes, can I have some coffee, please?” 1. (some pancakes)____________________________________?____________________________________? 2. (some sandwiches) _________________________________? ____________________________________? 3. (an order of fries) __________________________________? ____________________________________? 4. (a slice of cake)____________________________________? ____________________________________?

I. Structure formation practice. Example: (the movie) Did you like the movie last night? 1. (show) ________________________________________________________________________________? 2. (concert)______________________________________________________________________________? 3. (program)_____________________________________________________________________________? 4. (class)________________________________________________________________________________?

J. Structure formation practice. Example: (some cake and coffee) How about some cake and coffee? 1. (some popcorn and juice) __________________________________________________________________? 2. (some pasta and wine)____________________________________________________________________? 3. (a steak and beer) ________________________________________________________________________? 4. (some pie and tea) ______________________________________________________________________?

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS Uma das formas de indicar uma ação no passado em inglês é o Simple Past, o qual é utilizado para indicar ações que ocorreram em um momento definido no passado. Example: Eles/Elas abriram um novo restaurante na noite passada.

They opened a new restaurant last night.

Last night indica um momento definido no passado, ou seja, quando a ação aconteceu.

Affirmative Form A conjugação dos verbos em frases afirmativas do Simple Past Tense é a mesma para todas as pessoas, como podemos ver abaixo:

AFFIRMATIVE S I N G U L A R P L U R A L

OPENED

YOU

OPENED

SHE

OPENED

YOU

OPENED

THEY

OPENED

Como foi possível observar na tabela acima, para conjugar os verbos nas frases afirmativas do Simple Past, basta acrescentar ed ao final deles. Example: Nós visitamos Mark na semana passada.

We visited Mark last week.

Ele jogou jogos de computador ontem.

He played computer games yesterday.

Entretanto, nem todas as conjugações receberão apenas ed ao final do verbo. Veja em quais situações essa forma pode mudar: • Quando o verbo termina em e, apenas acrescentamos a letra d.

Example: Nós dançamos a noite inteira.

We danced all night. She arrived home last night.

Ela chegou em casa na noite passada.

• Quando o verbo é terminado em y e precedido de uma consoante, trocamos o y por i, e acrescentamos ed. Example: to cry

cried

O bebê chorou a noite toda.

The baby cried all night.

• Quando o verbo terminar em “consoante/vogal/consoante” e esta terminação estiver em um verbo com uma única sílaba ou em sua sílaba tônica, deve-se dobrar a última consoante antes de acrescentar ed. Example: to plan

planned

to stop

stopped

Interrogative Form Primeiramente, vamos observar uma frase afirmativa no Simple Past Tense: John estudou matemática ontem.

John studied Math yesterday.

Veja agora a mesma frase, porém na forma interrogativa: John estudou matemática ontem?

Did John study Math yesterday?

Comparando as duas formas, temos: AFIRMATIVA John studied Math yesterday.

INTERROGATIVA Did John study Math yesterday? É possível notar que, na estrutura de uma frase interrogativa no Simple Past Tense, utilizamos o auxiliar did no início da frase, e o verbo volta a sua forma infinitiva, porém, sem o to. O auxiliar did é utilizado para todas as pessoas, tanto no singular, quanto no plural, como podemos ver a seguir:

INTERROGATIVE S I N G U L A R

DID

STUDY...?

DID

YOU

STUDY...?

DID

STUDY...?

DID

SHE

STUDY...?

DID

STUDY...?

P L U R A L

DID

STUDY...?

DID

YOU

STUDY...?

DID THEY STUDY...?

Negative Form Agora, vamos comparar as frases abaixo: AFIRMATIVA Susan

studied Math yesterday.

NEGATIVA Susan did not study Math yesterday. Para transformar as frases no Simple Past Tense em negativas, basta acrescentar o did not ou didn’t entre o sujeito e o verbo. Didn’t é a forma contracta do did not e ambos podem ser usados para qualquer pessoa, como podemos ver no quadro abaixo:

NEGATIVE CONTRACTED FORM

FULL FORM S I N G U L A R P L U R A L

DID NOT

STUDY

DIDN’T

STUDY

YOU

DID NOT

STUDY

YOU

DIDN’T

STUDY

DID NOT

STUDY

DIDN’T

STUDY

SHE

DID NOT

STUDY

SHE

DIDN’T

STUDY

DID NOT

STUDY

DIDN’T

STUDY

DID NOT

STUDY

DIDN’T

STUDY

YOU

DID NOT

STUDY

YOU

DIDN’T

STUDY

THEY DID NOT

STUDY

THEY

DIDN’T

STUDY

Short Answers Para responder as perguntas de forma curta, deve-se usar did em resposta curta afirmativa e didn’t em resposta curta negativa. O auxiliar did já substitui o sentido do verbo principal, portanto, o mesmo não é repetido. Example: Philip: Did you like the movie last night? Lee: Yes, I did. Susan: No, I didn’t. K. Grammar practice. Complete with the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in parentheses. 1. They _________________ basketball yesterday afternoon. (to play) 2. The students _______________ me a lot of questions today. (to ask) 3. Julia __________________ German last year. (to study) 4. The Millers _________________ Italy last year. (to visit) 5. Mike _________________ around the world two years ago. (to travel) 6. I ____________________ you last night. (to call) 7. My dad ___________________ all day yesterday. (to work) 8. We __________________ that new coffee shop. (to love)

L. Grammar practice. Example: “When did you study English?” “I studied English yesterday.” 1. When did you dance? ______________________________________________________________________. 2. When did you play soccer? _________________________________________________________________. 3. When did you call Susan? __________________________________________________________________. 4. When did you visit Mary? __________________________________________________________________. M. Grammar practice. Example: “Did Ryan talk to you at the party?” “No, he didn’t talk to me.” 1. Did Jack travel to Canada last year? ___________________________________________________________. 2. Did Kerry love the movie?___________________________________________________________________. 3. Did Robert play the game yesterday? _________________________________________________________. 4. Did Jessica help you last night?______________________________________________________________. N. Give complete answers to the following questions about the lesson. 1. Does Mark have a date for Saturday? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Why is Anna grounded? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. What are Mark and Ryan going to order? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Did they like the last episode of “Strange days”? ________________________________________________________________________________________. O. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, I didn’t. 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________? Mark is grounded because he didn’t clean his bedroom. 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, I’ll have some coffee with apple pie. 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________? The children played hide and seek last night.

Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. a. No, I called her yesterday. b. Yes, I called him yesterday. c. No, I didn’t call her. d. Yes, I visited Karen yesterday. 2. a. It opened last week. b. It was closed. c. The health club is new. d. No, the health club is open. 3. a. Yes, I’ll go to work tomorrow. b. Yes, I’ll have to leave early. c. Yes, I’ll have some coffee please. d. Yes, the coffee shop is nice. 4. a. Yes, the movie was last night. b. Yes, I loved it. c. Yes, I love to watch movies. d. Yes, I do. 5. a. I study every day. b. I play soccer every morning. c. I watched a movie. d. I didn’t wash the dishes.

VOCABULARY

ACTRESS

DOWNTOWN

PIE

SICK

AWESOME

EPISODE

MACARONI

SLICE

BRUNETTE

GROUNDED

MEAN

TALL

CHEESE

HEALTH CLUB

ORDER

YUMMY

DATE

HIDE AND SEEK

OVER

DISH

LEMON MERINGUE

SCARY

Notes

NOTES ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

LESSON

UNDERSTANDING

1. Voice over: When Greg arrived, everything changed. He’s really the life of the party.

2. Voice over: Emily was very angry when she discovered her brother was lying to her.

3. Boy: How was the presentation last night? Girl: It was incredible. They danced very well.

4. Boy: I really enjoyed my last birthday. I received a lot of wonderful gifts.

5. Woman: What happened to Nicole yesterday? Man: I’m not sure. She cried all afternoon.

6. Boy: My dad wanted to buy a new car, but my mom didn’t let him.

7. Boy: I helped my dad clean the garage yesterday.

8. Man: The new snack bar is open, it’s not closed.

LESSON

EXPLORING THE NEW CELL PHONE

1. Susan: Look at my new cell phone, Anna. Anna: Nice, why did you buy that model?

3. Susan: And look, I discovered this incredible app. Anna: Let me see.

5. Anna: Don’t cry Susan, I received my allowance yesterday. I’ll help you buy a new one. Susan: Yeah, but the store is closed now.

2. Susan: Well, I wanted to buy the X100, but it was too expensive. So, Mom helped me buy this one.

4. Susan: Anna!! Be careful!! Ohh no!! Look what you did! Now it won’t open the app. It broke!

6. Anna: Don’t worry, tomorrow we can go and maybe I’ll help you buy the one you want. The X100. / Susan: Wow, thanks sis!

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1._______________________________________________________________________________________? 2.______________________________________________________________________________________? 3.______________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. Susan has a new computer. _________________________________________________________________. 2. Susan didn’t want to buy the X100. ___________________________________________________________. 3. Susan received her allowance yesterday. _______________________________________________________. 4. The store is open now. ____________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. Great, David arrived. He’s really the ________________ of the party. 2. When Chris broke Lucy’s cell phone, she really got ___________________. 3. Christopher Columbus ____________________ America. 4. Sheila cried when she discovered her boyfriend was_________________ to her. 5. The snack bar isn’t open now, it’s _________________. 6. This model cell phone isn’t cheap. It’s really _________________. 7. Be __________________! That dog is dangerous. 8. After I finished my housework, I received my ____________________. 9. Don’t ________________. I can help you with the work tomorrow. 10. On my birthday, I ___________________ a lot of great gifts. D. Structure formation practice. Example: (dance – love) “How was the dance on Saturday?” “It was great. We loved it.” 1. (show – enjoy)___________________________________? ___________________. ___________________. 2. (party – love)____________________________________? ___________________. __________________. 3. (game – enjoy)___________________________________? ___________________. __________________. 4. (movie – love)____________________________________?___________________. __________________. E. Structure formation practice. Example: (Maria – all day) “What happened to Maria yesterday?” “I’m not sure, but she cried all day.” 1. (Luke – all morning)__________________________________? ___________________________________. 2. (Diana – all afternoon)________________________________? ___________________________________. 3. (Alan – all evening)___________________________________? ___________________________________. 4. (Jenny – all day)_____________________________________? ___________________________________.

F. Structure formation practice. Example: (My mom – car) My mom wanted to buy a new car, but my dad didn’t let her. 1. (My brother – cell phone)___________________________________________________________________. 2. (My sister – dress) ________________________________________________________________________. 3. (I – computer)____________________________________________________________________________. 4. (My sisters – toy)_________________________________________________________________________. G. Structure formation practice. Example: (app on my phone) I discovered a new app on my phone. 1. (snack bar in the city)______________________________________________________________________. 2. (health club downtown) ___________________________________________________________________. 3. (restaurant yesterday) _____________________________________________________________________. 4. (shop – on Green Street)___________________________________________________________________. H. Structure formation practice. Example: (TV) Why did you buy that TV? 1. (that car)_______________________________________________________________________________? 2. (those books)___________________________________________________________________________? 3. (that cell phone) _________________________________________________________________________? 4. (those clothes)__________________________________________________________________________? I. Structure formation practice. Example: “What did you do yesterday?” “I helped my dad clean the garage.” (yesterday – dad – the garage) 1. ___________________________________________?__________________________________________. (today – mom – the kitchen) 2. ___________________________________________? _________________________________________. (last night – brother –his room) 3. ___________________________________________?__________________________________________. (last week – sister – her office) 4. ___________________________________________? _________________________________________. (yesterday – friend – her yard)

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS Como vimos anteriormente, usamos o Simple Past Tense para indicar ações que aconteceram em um momento definido no passado. Exemplos: Eu amei nossa última viagem a Los Angeles no ano passado.

I loved our last trip to Los Angeles last year.

No exemplo anterior, o momento no passado é expresso por last year. É possível encontrar frases em que o momento não esteja claramente indicado, porém, essa situação pode ocorrer em diálogos, quando o momento já foi citado, ou seja, as pessoas envolvidas já sabem quando a ação aconteceu.

Podemos entender melhor analisando o seguinte diálogo: Susan: Did you like Peter’s party last night? Betty: Yes, I did. It was superb. Susan: Did John go to the party too? Betty: Yes, he did. We danced all night. Podemos notar que, na frase em negrito, o momento em que a ação aconteceu não foi citado, porém, por estar presente em frases anteriores, podemos entender pelo contexto quando a ação ocorreu (last night). Agora, vamos ver a conjugação do verbo dance no Simple Past Tense:

INTERROGATIVE

AFFIRMATIVE S I N G U L A R P L U R A L

NEGATIVE

DANCED

DID

DANCE?

DIDN’T

DANCE

YOU

DANCED

DID

YOU

DANCE?

YOU

DIDN’T

DANCE

DANCED

DID

DANCE?

DIDN’T

DANCE

SHE

DANCED

DID

SHE

DANCE?

SHE

DIDN’T

DANCE

DANCED

DID

DANCE?

DIDN’T

DANCE

DANCED

DID

DANCE?

DIDN’T

DANCE

YOU

DANCED

DID

YOU

DANCE?

YOU

DIDN’T

DANCE

THEY DANCED

DID

THEY DANCE?

THEY

DIDN’T

DANCE

Como já vimos anteriormente, para responder as perguntas de forma curta, deve-se usar did em resposta afirmativa e didn’t em resposta negativa. O auxiliar did já substitui o sentido do verbo principal, portanto, o mesmo não é repetido. J. Grammar practice. Complete the sentences with the Simple Past Tense. 1. How _________________________ the party last night? (to be) 2. We __________________________ a lot at the ball. (to dance) 3. ______________________________ the movie yesterday? (your friend; to like) 4. The children __________________________ the holiday last week. (to enjoy) 5. I ________________________ to buy a new cell phone but I ________________________ my allowance. (to want / not; to receive) 6. We _________________________ our last vacation. (to love) 7. John _________________________ me with my homework last night. (to help) 8. I ____________________________the movie because it was too late. (not; to watch) K. Grammar practice. Give short answers to the following questions. 1. Did you like your last vacation? ______________________________________________________________. 2. Did you have a good time last weekend? ______________________________________________________. 3. Did you clean your room yesterday? __________________________________________________________. 4. Did you eat French fries last week? ___________________________________________________________.

L. Give complete answers to the following questions about the lesson. 1. What did Susan buy? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Who helped Susan buy her cell phone? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. What happened to Susan’s cell phone? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. What will Anna do to help Susan? ________________________________________________________________________________________. M. Create questions for the following answers. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, they didn’t. 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________? It was really great. 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________? Because I didn’t receive my allowance. 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________? I helped him last night. Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct question for the answers you hear. 1. 4. a. Why was Lilian sleeping? a. Did you study for the test? b. Why was Lilian crying? b. Do you like movies? c. Why was Lilian studying? c. Is there a party tonight? d. Why was Lilian working? d. Did you like the show? 2. 5. a. When did she help you? a. When did she help her mom? b. Why did she help you? b. Where was my cell phone? c. Who helped you? c. What happened to Carol? d. What did she do yesterday? d. Who cried all day? 3. a. Is the snack bar open? b. Where did you go last night? c. What place closed early last night? d. Is the snack bar closed now? VOCABULARY ALLOWANCE

Useful Expressions CRY

MAYBE

ANGRY

ENJOY

PRESENTATION

BRAKE

INCREDIBLE

RECEIVE

CAREFUL

LIFE

SELL

CHANGE

LYING

the life of the party

LESSON 1. Man: Just a moment, honey. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m on the phone.

UNDERSTANDING

2. Man: Does your dad still work? Woman: No, he retired last year.

3. Woman on the right: Did you have a good time at the baby shower? Woman on the left: Yes, we had a blast.

4. Boy: My dad took me to the park by bike last Sunday.

5. Boy: My uncle and I went to the farm last weekend. It was really fun.

6. Girl: There were a lot of cows in the field this morning.

7. Young man : Where did you spend your last vacation? / Girl: I spent it in Orlando.

8. Man on the left: We bought a new house last month.

LESSON

EXPLORING SUMMER VACATION

1. Debbie: Hey Anna, where did you spend your last summer vacation? Anna: I went to the farm with my family.

3. Anna: And guess what? There was a big surprise when we got there. / Debbie: What was it?

5. Anna: Well, it took us forever to choose a name. But in the end we all decided.

2. Debbie: Did you have a good time there? Anna: Yeah, we had a great time.

4. Anna: My dad bought a horse for us. / Debbie: Wow, how nice! And what did you name it?

6. Debbie: So what did you guys decide? Anna: Hercules!

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1._____________________________________________________________________________________? 2._____________________________________________________________________________________? 3._____________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. Anna went to the beach with her family on her last summer vacation. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. There was a big swimming pool when she got to the farm. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Anna’s dad bought her a bike. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. The horse was named Pegasus. ________________________________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. My grandfather doesn’t work anymore, he ___________________ last year. 2. Mary will have her first child next month. Her baby___________________ is next week. 3. We had a ___________________ at the Rock festival. It was really good. 4. On the___________________ there are a lot of animals. 5. Those ___________________ produce very good milk. 6. I had a ___________________ party on my last birthday. 7. We went to the beach on our last ___________________ vacation. 8. “What did you buy at the store?” “I ___________________ a new T-shirt.” 9. “Where did you go last night?” “I ___________________ to the movies.” 10. “Who did you take to the movies?” “I ___________________ my girlfriend.” D. Structure formation practice. Example: (moment – on the phone) Just a moment honey. I’m on the phone. 1. (minute – washing the dishes)______________________________. ________________________________. 2. (second – making the bed)________________________________. ________________________________. 3. (moment – taking a shower) _______________________________. ________________________________. 4. (minute – sweeping the floor) ______________________________. ________________________________.

E. Structure formation practice. Example: (boyfriend – show – Saturday) My boyfriend took me to a show last Saturday. 1. (girlfriend – party – Friday)_________________________________________________________________.

2. (mom – new shop – week)__________________________________________________________________. 3. (friend – club – month)____________________________________________________________________. 4. (uncle – farm – Sunday)___________________________________________________________________. F. Structure formation practice. Example: (yesterday – the national park) “Where did you go yesterday?” “I went to the national park.” 1. (last night – a party)________________________________? _____________________________________. 2. (last week – the beach)______________________________? _____________________________________. 3. (today – my friend’s house)___________________________?______________________________________. 4. (yesterday – a club) ________________________________? _____________________________________. G. Structure formation practice. Example: (you – in Orlando) Where did you spend your vacation? I spent it in Orlando. 1. (Alan – in Miami) _____________________________________?___________________________ . 2. (Erica – on a farm)_____________________________________? ___________________________. 3. (the kids – at the beach)_________________________________? ___________________________. 4. (you and Peter – at home)________________________________?___________________________. H. Structure formation practice. Example: (last month – a new house) What did you buy last month? We bought a new house. 1. (yesterday – a new car)_______________________________? ____________________________. 2. (last week – a horse)_________________________________? ____________________________. 3. (today – a lot of clothes)______________________________? ____________________________. 4. (on Saturday – jet ski)________________________________? ____________________________. How about you, what did you buy last week? (Use your creativity.) 1. I bought a ___________________________________________________________________. 2. ____________________________________________________________________________.

I. Structure formation practice. Example: What did you name your dog? We named him Rex. (dog – Rex) (You give the name you want. Make sure to use the correct pronoun him/her if it’s a male or female.) 1. (dog)____________________________________________? _____________________________________.

2. (cat)____________________________________________? ______________________________________. 3. (horse)__________________________________________? ______________________________________. 4. (bird)___________________________________________?_______________________________________.

J. Structure formation practice. Example: (you guys – buy a new car) “What did you guys decide?” “We decided to buy a new car.” 1. (you – travel on Sunday) _____________________________? _____________________________________. 2. (Mark – go to the beach) ____________________________? _____________________________________. 3. (Vicky – stay home)________________________________?______________________________________. 4. (your friends – go to the show)_______________________? ______________________________________.

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF IRREGULAR VERBS Como já foi visto anteriormente, o Simple Past Tense é utilizado para expressar ações que aconteceram em um momento definido do passado. Podemos dividir os verbos no Simple Past Tense em regulares e irregulares, sendo os regulares aqueles que são formados pelo sufixo ed, e os irregulares, os que não possuem a mesma terminação.

Affirmative Form Vamos analisar a formação do verbo to have no Simple Past Tense: Eu jantei com Steve na noite passada.

I had dinner with Steve last night.

Como podemos perceber, o verbo to have tem uma formação própria no passado, assim como todos os verbos irregulares. Vejamos mais exemplos a seguir: to go

went

to do

to take

took

to spend

to think

thought

to buy

did spent bought

Não há uma regra específica para a formação dos verbos irregulares no Simple Past Tense, sendo a utilização constante a única forma de memorização.

Interrogative Form A forma interrogativa dos verbos regulares e irregulares se faz da mesma forma: • Utilizamos o auxiliar did no início da frase. • O verbo volta a sua forma infinitiva, porém, sem o to.

É importante lembrar que o auxiliar did é utilizado para todas as pessoas, tanto no singular, quanto no plural. Exemplo: AFIRMATIVA

Marianne spent her last winter vacation in London.

INTERROGATIVA Did Marianne spend her last winter vacation in London?

Negative Form A forma negativa dos verbos regulares e irregulares se faz da mesma forma. Para transformar as frases no Simple Past Tense em negativas, basta: • Acrescentar o did not ou didn’t entre o sujeito e o verbo. • O verbo volta a sua forma infinitiva, porém, sem o to. Lembrando que didn’t é a forma contracta do did not e ambos podem ser usados para qualquer pessoa. Exemplo: AFIRMATIVA

Marianne spent her last winter vacation in London.

INTERROGATIVA Marianne did not spend her last winter vacation in London.

Negative Contracted Form Veja o exemplo a seguir. FORMA NEGATIVA

I did not have dinner with Steve last night.

FORMA NEGATIVA CONTRACTA

I didn’t have dinner with Steve last night.

Podemos resumir o que vimos na Lesson 6 utilizando o verbo to take no quadro abaixo:

AFFIRMATIVE S I N G U L A R P L U R A L

TOOK

YOU TOOK

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE DID

TAKE...?

DID YOU TAKE...?

FULL FORM I

DID NOT TAKE

CONTRACTED FORM I

DIDN’T TAKE

YOU DID NOT TAKE

YOU DIDN’T TAKE

TOOK

DID

TAKE...?

HE DID NOT TAKE

HE DIDN’T TAKE

SHE

TOOK

DID SHE TAKE...?

SHE DID NOT TAKE

SHE DIDN’T TAKE

TOOK

DID

TOOK

DID

WE TAKE...?

WE DID NOT TAKE

WE DIDN’T TAKE

YOU TOOK

DID YOU TAKE...?

YOU DID NOT TAKE

YOU DIDN’T TAKE

THEY TOOK

DID THEY TAKE...?

THEY DID NOT TAKE

THEY DIDN’T TAKE

TAKE...?

DID NOT TAKE

DIDN’T TAKE

K. Grammar practice. Complete with the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in parentheses. 1. The Millers ________________ a great time on the farm last week. (to have) 2. My brother ________________ to a Rock show last night. (to go) 3. Tom ________________ his girlfriend to the beach last Sunday. (to take) 4. I ________________ my last vacation in New York. (to spend) 5. We ________________ a new car yesterday. (to buy)

L. Complete with the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in parentheses in the interrogative form. 1. _______________________________________ to work yesterday? (you; to go) 2. _______________________________________a good time at the party? (Jessica; to have) 3. _______________________________________their vacation in New York? (your friends; to spend) 4. _______________________________________you to the farm on Sunday? (your dad; to take)

M. Complete with the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in parentheses in the negative form. 1. We ______________________________ our vacation in California. (not; to spend) 2. Rob ______________________________to school yesterday. (not; to go) 3. Debbie ___________________________ a good time at the party. (not; to have) 4. Mr. Jones _________________________his daughter to the park yesterday. (not; to take) N. Give short answers to the following questions. Now itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s about yourself. 1. Did you go to school/work yesterday? _________________________________________________________. 2. Did you spend your last vacation at the beach?__________________________________________________. 3. Did you buy new clothes last week? __________________________________________________________. 4. Did you take your boyfriend/girlfriend to the movies last weekend? ___________________________________.

O. Give complete answers to the following questions about the lesson. 1. Where did Anna spend her last summer vacation? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Did she have a good time there? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. What was Annaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s big surprise? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. What name did they decide to give the horse? ________________________________________________________________________________________.

P. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ________________________________________________________________________________________? I bought a car. 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________? I went to a party. 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________? I spent it at the beach. 4. _______________________________________________________________________________________? I took my sister to the park.

Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. a. No, he still works. b. He works in the morning. c. No, he retired last year. d. No, he started working last year. 2. a. Yes, we had a baby. b. Yes, we had a blast. c. Yes, we had cake. d. Yes, the baby is beautiful. 3. a. We went to the farm last Sunday. b. We went to the park yesterday. c. My aunt and I went to the farm on our last vacation. d. My uncleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farm is beautiful. 4. a. It was at home. b. It was on the farm. c. It was a surprise. d. It was a party for me. 5. a. We decided to buy a horse. b. We decided to name the dog Hercules. c. We decided Thor. d. Hercules was a good name. VOCABULARY

Useful Expressions Have a blast.

BABY SHOWER BUY CHOOSE COW

DECIDE FIELD FOREVER GUESS

GUYS HORSE RETIRED SPEND

STILL SURPRISE TAKE

LESSON

UNDERSTANDING

1. Girl on the right: Do you like peanut butter and jelly? Girl on the left: Yeah! Girl on the right: Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s prepare some sandwiches.

2. Man: I think I drank too much wine and ate too much pizza.

3. Voice over: Before we had dinner, my mom caught me eating sweets.

4. Waiter: How would you like your steak, maâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;am? Girl: Medium, please.

5. Waiter: Anything else, sir? / Man on the right: Yes, bring us a large order of fries, please.

6. Woman: Americans usually have bacon and eggs with pancakes for breakfast.

7. Girl: My aunt brought me new shoes from the States.

8. Woman: How would you like your eggs, honey? Boy: Sunny-side up, please.

LESSON

EXPLORING AN AFTERNOON SNACK

1. Anna: Hey Mark, would you like something to eat? Mark: Well, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not that hungry now. I had brunch with my family today.

3. Anna: Not really, I just drank some orange juice. But for lunch I had a steak, rice and French fries. My brother didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t eat much.

5. Mark: So what snack were you thinking about? Anna: How about some peanut butter and jelly sandwiches with cold milk?

2. Anna: Really, what did you have? / Mark: I had scrambled eggs, bacon and some pancakes. Did you have a big breakfast this morning?

4. Mark: Why not? / Anna: Well, my dad caught him eating chocolate before lunch. He really got in trouble.

6. Mark: Well Anna, I guess you talked me into it. Anna: Great!

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1._______________________________________________________________________________________? 2.______________________________________________________________________________________? 3.______________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. Mark is very hungry. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Anna had scrambled eggs, bacon and pancakes for breakfast. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Anna had pasta for lunch. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Anna’s brother was caught eating fruit before lunch. ________________________________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. I love _______________ butter and jelly sandwiches. 2. “What did you drink at dinner?” “I _______________ some juice.” 3. “What did you eat for dinner?” “I _______________ some pasta.” 4. “How would you like your ________________ sir?” “Medium–rare, please.” 5. “Anything _______________ guys?” “Yes, bring us another beer, please.” 6. I would like a large _______________ of fries, please. 7. Americans usually have ______________ and eggs and pancakes for breakfast. 8. “How would you like your eggs ma’am?” “_______________-_______________ up please.” 9. On Sundays, my family and I usually have ________________, which is breakfast with lunch. 10. “Come on, let’s go to the show! I’ll buy your ticket.” “OK, you ________________ me into it.” D. Structure formation practice. Example: (you – wine) “What did you drink at the party?” “I drank wine.” 1. (George – whiskey)______________________________________________? ________________________. 2. (Jane – a cocktail)_______________________________________________? ________________________. 3. (Debbie – some juice)____________________________________________? ________________________. 4. (Kevin – beer)__________________________________________________? ________________________. E. Structure formation practice. Example: (you two – pasta) “What did you two eat for dinner last night?” “We ate pasta.” 1. (Lucy – steak) ____________________________________________? ______________________________. 2. (Robert – pizza) __________________________________________?______________________________. 3. (John – sushi)_____________________________________________?______________________________. 4. (your friends – tacos) ______________________________________?______________________________.

F. Structure formation practice. Example: (Medium) “How would you like your steak, sir?” “Medium, please.” 1. (Medium rare) __________________________________________? ________________________________. 2. (Medium–well) _________________________________________? ________________________________. 3. (Well–done)____________________________________________? _______________________________. 4. (Medium)______________________________________________? ________________________________. G. Structure formation practice. Example: (Sunny-side up) “How would you like your eggs, ma’am?” “Sunny-side up, please.” 1. (Over easy)_______________________________________________?______________________________. 2. (Scrambled)______________________________________________? _____________________________. 3. (Hard boiled) _____________________________________________? _____________________________. 4. (Sunny-side up)___________________________________________? _____________________________. H. Structure formation practice. Example: (large – fries) “Anything else?” “Yes, bring us a large order of fries, please.” 1. (small – pancakes)__________________________?______________________________________________. 2. (large – shrimp)___________________________? _____________________________________________. 3. (small – bacon) ___________________________?_____________________________________________. 4. (large – chicken wings) _____________________? _____________________________________________. I. Structure formation practice. Example: (uncle – new shoes) “What did your uncle bring you from China?” “He brought me new shoes.” 1. (aunt – new clothes)____________________________________? _________________________________. 2. (dad – a new phone) ___________________________________?__________________________________. 3. (mom – new video games)_______________________________? _________________________________. 4. (friend – a laptop)______________________________________?_________________________________.

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF IRREGULAR VERBS Já vimos como utilizar alguns verbos irregulares no Simple Past Tense. Agora, vamos conhecer mais alguns, também muito utilizados:

INFINITIVE

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

TO EAT

ATE

TO DRINK

DRANK

TO SEE

SAW

TO BRING

BROUGHT

Como foi visto, o Simple Past Tense utiliza a mesma estrutura para todas as pessoas. Vamos analisar estes exemplos: Eu comi pizza ontem.

I ate pizza yesterday.

Ele bebeu dois copos de suco de laranja no café da manhã.

He drank two glasses of orange juice at breakfast.

Eu o vi na festa na noite passada.

I saw him at the party last night.

Ele trouxe para mim uma linda bolsa de Paris.

He brought me a beautiful purse from Paris.

Importante lembrar que, para transformar as frases em interrogativas, basta acrescentar did no início delas e utilizar o verbo na forma infinitiva sem o to. Eu comi pizza ontem?

Did I eat pizza yesterday?

Ele bebeu dois copos de suco de laranja no café da manhã?

Did he drink two glasses of orange juice at breakfast?

Eu o vi na festa na noite passada?

Did I see him at the party last night?

Ele trouxe para mim uma linda bolsa de Paris?

Did he bring me a beautiful purse from Paris?

Para a forma negativa, basta acrescentar did not ou didn’t e utilizar o verbo na forma infinitiva sem o to. Eu não comi pizza ontem.

I didn’t eat pizza yesterday.

Ele não bebeu dois copos de suco de laranja no café da manhã. Eu não o vi na festa na noite passada.

He didn’t drink two glasses of orange juice at breakfast. I didn’t see him at the party last night.

Ele não trouxe para mim uma linda bolsa de Paris.

He didn’t bring me a beautiful purse from Paris.

J. Grammar practice. Complete the sentences using the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in parentheses. 1. I ____________________ a lot of wine at my friend’s birthday party. (to drink) 2. We ___________________ pasta for dinner last night. It ___________________ delicious. (to eat) (to be) 3. Our parents _____________________ us here for brunch last week. (to bring) 4. ________________________ steak for dinner last night? (you; to eat) 5. I______________________ beer at the party yesterday. I _______________ to drive. (not; to drink) (to have) 6. _______________________ the pictures today? (he; to bring) 7. We __________________________ pizza last night. We _____________ sushi. (not; to have) (to have)

K. Give complete answers to the following questions about the lesson. 1. Why isn’t Mark hungry in the beginning of the story? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What did Mark have for brunch? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. What did Anna have for lunch? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Why did Anna’s brother get in trouble? ________________________________________________________________________________________. L. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, I had just some coffee for breakfast. 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, thank you. I’m not hungry. 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________? I had bacon and eggs for breakfast. 4. _____________________________________________________________________________________? Medium-rare, please.

Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. 4. a. I had some pasta. a. They have pancakes. b. I like to drink wine. b. They eat breakfast. c. I drank some wine. c. They have breakfast in the morning. d. I had juice for lunch. d. They usually have brunch. 2. 5. a. Yes, I would like some eggs. a. He went to New York last year. b. I want two eggs, please. b. He took me there last month. c. Sure, I’m hungry. c. He brought me a T-shirt. d. Over easy, please. d. He usually goes to Manhattan. 3. a. No, I’m still hungry. b. Yes, an order of fries, please. c. Yes, medium. d. Yes, I have breakfast every morning. VOCABULARY

Useful Expressions

AUNT

CATCH

PANCAKES

SCRAMBLED EGGS

BEFORE

EGGS

PEANUT BUTTER

STEAK

BRING

FRENCH FRIES

PREPARE

SUNNY-SIDE UP

BRUNCH

JELLY

RICE

TROUBLE

Anything else? To talk someone into

LESSON 1. Woman: Watch out for the car!

UNDERSTANDING

2. Man on the right: Excuse me, sir. Is there a zoo around here? / Man on the left: Yes, it’s four blocks ahead, next to a big park.

3. Man: Rio de Janeiro is more beautiful than São Paulo.

4. Young man: You can see many wild animals at the zoo.

5. Young man: Clowns are funny.

6. Young man: Our guide took us on a tour of the city.

7. Tour Guide: You’ll see the most wonderful waterfalls in this city.

8. Voice over: Dogs are more dangerous than cats.

LESSON

EXPLORING ON A CITY TOUR

1. Guide: Hello everyone! Welcome to the marvelous city, Rio de Janeiro. Max: Look Mom, the beaches are so beautiful.

2. Mrs. Williams: Yes, they are. But look at the Sugar Loaf, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more beautiful than the beaches.

3. Guide: Now, be careful with your belongings, Rio is more dangerous than small cities. And watch out for the lions and the tigers in the streets.

4. Max: Mom, are we going to see wild animals in the streets? / Mrs. Williams: No honey, heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s just kidding.

5. Max: Our guide is really funny!

6. Guide: Now, we are going to see one of the most amazing landmarks in the world.

7. Max: Wow Mom, the Christ is really incredible! Mrs. Williams: It sure is! The view is more interesting than our living room window.

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1._____________________________________________________________________________________? 2._____________________________________________________________________________________? 3._____________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. The group is in São Paulo. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. The beaches in São Paulo are beautiful. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Small cities are more dangerous than Rio de Janeiro. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. There are a lot of wild animals in the streets in Rio. ________________________________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. ______________________ out the car! 2. Excuse me, is there a supermarket ______________________ here? 3. The new school is three ______________________ ahead. 4. Lions and tigers are ______________________ animals. 5. Clowns are really ______________________. 6. Our ______________________ took us on a city tour. 7. Foz do Iguaçu has a lot of beautiful ______________________. 8. When you leave, don’t forget your ______________________. 9. The Eiffel Tower and The Statue of Liberty are very famous ___________________. 10. The ______________________ from the Christ in Rio de Janeiro is incredible. D. Structure formation practice. Example: (New York) Hello everyone, welcome to New York. 1. (my city)_______________________________________________________________________________. 2. (my house) _____________________________________________________________________________. 3. (my farm) ______________________________________________________________________________. 4. (the club) ______________________________________________________________________________. E. Structure formation practice. Example: (the beaches) Wow, the beaches are so beautiful! 1. (the waterfalls)___________________________________________________________________________! 2. (the landmarks)__________________________________________________________________________! 3. (the view)______________________________________________________________________________! 4. (that tiger)_____________________________________________________________________________!

F. Structure formation practice. Example: (dogs / dangerous / cats) Dogs are more dangerous than cats. 1. (Mary / beautiful / Jane)____________________________________________________________________. 2. (pizza / delicious / rice) ____________________________________________________________________. 3. (books / interesting / movies)_______________________________________________________________. 4. (Bob / intelligent / his friend)________________________________________________________________. G. Structure formation practice. Example: (Jessica / beautiful / girl / in my class) Jessica is the most beautiful girl in my class. 1. _______________________________________________________________________________________. (Pasta / delicious / dish / of all) 2. _______________________________________________________________________________________. (Joe / intelligent / boy / at school) 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________. (China / interesting / country / in the world) 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________. (Tigers / dangerous / animals / of all) H. Structure formation practice. Example: (Clowns) Clowns are funny. 1. (Monkeys)_______________________________________________________________________________. 2. (Michael) _______________________________________________________________________________. 3. (My dad)________________________________________________________________________________. 4. (My friend)______________________________________________________________________________. I. Structure formation practice. Example: (the city) Our guide will take us on a tour of the city. 1. (London)________________________________________________________________________________. 2. (New York) _____________________________________________________________________________. 3. (the Zoo)________________________________________________________________________________. 4. (the museum) ___________________________________________________________________________. J. Structure formation practice. Example: (wild animals) You can see many wild animals here. 1. (large waterfalls)__________________________________________________________________________. 2. (beautiful landmarks)______________________________________________________________________. 3. (wonderful beaches)_______________________________________________________________________. 4. (incredible views)_________________________________________________________________________.

THE COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY OF ADJECTIVES OF 3 OR MORE SYLLABLES. A formação do Comparative of Superiority em inglês varia de acordo com a quantidade de sílabas que o adjetivo possui, podendo ser separada em duas regras: adjetivos com menos de três silabas, e adjetivos com três sílabas ou mais. Nesta unidade, veremos apenas os adjetivos com três silabas ou mais, como por exemplo, beautiful. Aquela casa azul é mais bonita que a cinza.

That blue house is more beautiful than the gray one.

É importante ressaltar que a separação de sílabas em inglês é bastante irregular, sendo às vezes necessária a consulta de um dicionário. Porém, na maioria das vezes, os adjetivos de três sílabas têm sete letras ou mais. Agora, vamos analisar melhor o adjetivo anterior: That blue house is more beautiful than the gray one.

mais

adjetivo que

Portanto, para se formar o Comparative of Superiority de adjetivos com três ou mais sílabas, basta colocar more antes e than depois do adjetivo. Resumindo: Comparative of Superiority (com três ou mais sílabas): more + adjective + than

THE SUPERLATIVE OF ADJECTIVES OF 3 OR MORE SYLLABLES Assim como a formação do Comparative of Superiority, a formação do Superlative também depende da quantidade de sílabas dos adjetivos. Vamos analisar os adjetivos com três ou mais sílabas, como por exemplo, intelligent. Peter é o menino mais inteligente da sala.

Peter is the most intelligent boy of the class.

Agora, a partir deste exemplo, vamos analisar a formação do Superlative de três sílabas ou mais. Peter is the most intelligent boy of the class.

o / a mais adjetivo os / as mais Portanto, para se formar o Superlative de adjetivos com três ou mais sílabas, basta colocar the most antes do adjetivo. Resumindo: Superlative (com três ou mais sílabas): the most + adjective

K. Grammar practice. Complete with the Comparative of Superiority of the adjectives in parentheses. 1. I think Rio de Janeiro is ________________________________________ SĂŁo Paulo. (beautiful) 2. Math is _____________________________________________________ Geography. (interesting) 3. Chocolate cake is ____________________________________________ apple pie. (delicious) 4. David is ____________________________________________________Eric. (intelligent) 5. Motorcycles are ___________________________________________ cars. (dangerous) 6. Movies are ____________________________________________ books. (exciting) 7. Airplane tickets are _____________________________________ bus tickets. (expensive)

L. Grammar practice. Complete with the Superlative of the adjectives in parentheses. 1. Pizza is ______________________________________ food of all. (delicious) 2. Science is _____________________________________subject at school. (interesting) 3. Einstein was one of ___________________________________ men in the world. (intelligent) 4. Flying is __________________________________ way to travel. (expensive) 5. _____________________________animals in the world are in Africa. (dangerous) 6. Paris is one of _______________________________cities in the world. (beautiful) 7. Hotels are usually ________________________ places to stay at when you take a trip. (comfortable)

M. Give complete answers to the following questions about the lesson. 1. What city is the group visiting? _________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What are some of the landmarks that were in the story? _________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Why did the guide say to be careful? _________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. What does the boy in the lesson think of the guide? _________________________________________________________________________________________.

N. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ________________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, there is. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s five blocks ahead, next to a big park. 2. ________________________________________________________________________________________? No, I think Math is more difficult than History. 3. ________________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, clowns are very funny. 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________? There are beautiful waterfalls over there.

O. Choose the correct option. 1. My sister makes _______________________________ food in my family. a. more delicious b. delicious c. the most delicious d. more delicious than 2. Rio de Janeiro is one of ________________________________ cities in Brazil. a. the most beautiful b. beautiful c. more beautiful than d. more beautiful 3. Most people say that books are________________________________ movies. a. the most interesting b. more interesting c. interesting d. more interesting than

Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. a. The zoo has many wild animals. b. Yes, the wild animals are at the zoo. c. Yes, it’s four blocks ahead. d. Yes, there are. 2. a. We are going now. b. We are going to see the tigers. c. We are going with the guide. d. We are going to see it tomorrow. 3. a. No, clowns are funny. b. Yes, he’s a clown. c. Yes, they are. d. Yes, there are. 4. a. We can see lions and tigers. b. We can see the animals with the group. c. We can’t see all the animals. d. Tigers are wild animals. 5. a. It’s the guide. b. It’s over there. c. It’s the Sugar Loaf. d. It’s a wild animal.

VOCABULARY CAREFUL AHEAD CLOWNS AMAZING DANGEROUS AROUND EVERYONE BEACHES FUNNY BELONGINGS GUIDE BLOCK

Useful Expressions INCREDIBLE INTERESTING LANDMARKS LIONS LIVING MARVELOUS

MORE MOST SUGAR LOAF SURE TIGERS TOUR

VIEW WATERFALLS WILD WONDERFUL ZOO

Watch out!

Notes NOTES

LESSON 1. Girl on the left: Do you have fancy clothes? Girl on the right: I sure do.

3. Saleslady: What’s your size? Girl: It’s small.

UNDERSTANDING

2. Girl on the right: My T-shirt is larger than your T-shirt.

4. Woman on the left: Where do they sell the nicest clothes in town? / Woman on the right: At Zipperer®.

5. Girl on the right: That cotton blouse is prettier than the other one.

6. Girl: My brother is shorter than me.

7. Man: This book is the longest one I have.

8. Voice over: Betty is smarter than Jessica.

LESSON

EXPLORING BUYING SOME NEW CLOTHES AT THE DEPARTMENT STORE

1. Anna: Let’s go to the new department store today, Debbie. / Debbie: Ok, what do you need to buy? Anna: I want to buy a new fancy blouse.

2. Debbie: Look at this blouse, it’s really beautiful! Anna: Yeah, but this one is prettier than that one.

3. Debbie: What size do you wear? Anna: I wear medium.

4. Debbie: There sure are nicer clothes here than Marcies. / Anna: Hey, do they have this blouse in a smaller size?

5. Debbie: Let me check. Yeah, here you go.

6. Debbie: That looks really good on you. I think it’s the prettiest blouse in the store. / Anna: Really, I think I’m going to take it.

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1._______________________________________________________________________________________? 2.______________________________________________________________________________________? 3.______________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. Anna wants to buy a new pair of jeans. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Anna and Debbie are going to a show. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. Anna wears the size small. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Anna isn’t going to buy the blouse. ________________________________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. Wow, that blouse is really ________________. Look at the colors. 2.“What’s your _______________?” “It’s large.” 3. “Where do they _____________ the nicest clothes?” “I think at Ravens. 4. That T-shirt is made of _________________. 5. “This book is long.” “Yeah but that book is ________________ than that one.” 6. Susan got an A on the test, and Linda got a C. Susan is _________________ than Linda. 7. “Excuse me, miss. Do you have this blouse in small?” “Let me ________________.” 8. What’s your size? Small, __________________ or large? 9. That department _________________ is really big. 10. That skirt looks really good _____________you. D. Structure formation practice. Example: (Gary – car) Gary has a fancy car. 1. (Rachel –blouse)__________________________________________________________________________. 2. (Jack – house)___________________________________________________________________________. 3. (Luiza – pais of shoes)_____________________________________________________________________. 4. (Greg – T-shirt) _________________________________________________________________________. E. Structure formation practice. Example: (John – T-shirt – Robert) John’s T-shirt is larger than Robert’s. 1. (Mary – house – Nancy)____________________________________________________________________. 2. (Bill – car – Larry)________________________________________________________________________. 3. (Sheila – family – Lucy)____________________________________________________________________. 4. (Jessica – pool – Victoria) __________________________________________________________________.

F. Structure formation practice. Example: (small) “What’s your size?” “I wear the size small.” 1. (medium) ______________________________________? ________________________________________. 2. (large)_________________________________________? ________________________________________. 3. (small)__________________________________________?__________________________________________. 4. What’s your friend’s size? __________________________________________________________________. G. Structure formation practice. Example: (pretty) The red blouse is prettier than the blue one. 1. (fancy) ________________________________________________________________________________. 2. (small)_________________________________________________________________________________. 3. (large)_________________________________________________________________________________. 4. (nice)_________________________________________________________________________________. H. Structure formation practice. Example: (short) My brother is the shortest in my family. 1. (tall) __________________________________________________________________________________. 2. (smart) ________________________________________________________________________________. 3. (thin)__________________________________________________________________________________. 4. (fat)__________________________________________________________________________________. I. Structure formation practice. Example: (shirt) That shirt looks really good on you. 1. (dress)_________________________________________________________________________________. 2. (skirt) _________________________________________________________________________________. 3. (blouse)________________________________________________________________________________. 4. (jacket) _______________________________________________________________________________. J. Structure formation practice. Example: (jeans) These jeans are great. I think I’m going to take them. 1. (shorts)__________________________________._________________________________________. 2. (jackets)_________________________________._________________________________________. 3. (shoes)__________________________________._________________________________________. 4. (shirts) __________________________________. _________________________________________.

THE COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY OF ADJECTIVES OF 1 OR 2 SYLLABLES Como vimos anteriormente, para formar o Comparative of Superiority, deve-se saber a quantidade de sílabas que o adjetivo possui. Na lição anterior, vimos a formação do Comparative of Superiority de três ou mais sílabas e nesta, veremos a formação dos adjetivos de uma ou duas sílabas.

Observe o uso do adjetivo tall na formação do Comparative of Superiority a seguir: Andrew é mais alto que Philip.

Andrew is taller than Philip.

O adjetivo tall possui apenas uma sílaba. Vamos analisar a forma como ele foi posicionado no exemplo de Comparative of Superiority: Andrew is

taller

adjetivo tall + er

than

Philip.

que / do que

Portanto, para formar o Comparative of Superiority dos adjetivos que possuem uma ou duas sílabas, basta acrescentar o sufixo er e colocar a palavra than após o mesmo. Veja mais exemplos: Aquela casa branca é menor que a verde.

That white house is smaller than the green one.

Resumindo: Comparative of Superiority (adjetivos de uma ou duas sílabas) adjective

er + than

Agora, preste atenção nas situações a seguir: • Se o adjetivo possui uma ou duas sílabas e terminar em e, acrescenta-se apenas a letra r: Exemplo: Esses tênis são mais legais que os pretos.

These sneakers are nicer than the black ones.

• Se o adjetivo que possui uma ou duas sílabas terminar em consoante + vogal + consoante (ex.: big), dobra-se a última consoante e acrescenta-se er. Exemplo: Meu quarto é maior que o da minha irmã.

My bedroom is bigger than my sister’s.

• Se o adjetivo de uma ou duas sílabas terminar em consoante + y, você deve substituir o y por i e então usar a forma adjective + er, e acrescentar than após. Por exemplo, o adjetivo hungry: hungrier than. Exemplo: Eu estou mais faminto que você.

I am hungrier than you.

Agora, vamos analisar a formação do Comparative of Superiority de adjetivos que possuem duas sílabas a partir das três regras a seguir: • Para alguns dos adjetivos que possuem uma ou duas sílabas, deve-se colocar more (mais) antes dele e than (que; do que) depois do mesmo.

Exemplo: Este circo é mais famoso que o outro.

This circus is more famous than the other one.

• Para alguns adjetivos de duas sílabas, pode-se formar o Comparative of Superiority das duas formas: acrescentando-se more antes do adjetivo e than depois do mesmo, ou acrescentando-se o sufixo er ao adjetivo e colocando a palavra than depois dele. Por exemplo, o adjetivo quiet: Meu cachorro é mais quieto do que o da Susan.

My dog is more quiet / quieter than Susan’s.

Observação: Caso você esteja em dúvida sobre qual forma do Comparative of Superiority usar para os adjetivos de uma ou duas sílabas, prefira a forma more + adjective + than.

THE SUPERLATIVE OF ADJECTIVES OF 1 OR 2 SYLLABLES Agora, veremos como se forma o Superlative de adjetivos que possuem uma ou duas sílabas. Observe o uso do adjetivo tall no exemplo a seguir: Peter é o aluno mais alto da turma.

Peter is the tallest student of the class.

Agora vamos analisar a formação do Superlative com o adjetivo tall usado anteriormente: Peter is

the

(o / os; a / as)

tallest

student of the class.

adjetivo tall + est

Portanto, para formar o Superlative dos adjetivos que possuem uma ou duas sílabas, basta colocar the antes e acrescentar o sufixo est após o adjetivo. Exemplo: Minha casa é a menor do bairro.

My house is the smallest one in the neighborhood.

Resumindo: Superlative (adjetivos de uma ou duas sílabas) the + adjective

est

Agora, preste atenção nas situações a seguir: • Se o adjetivo tiver uma ou duas sílabas e terminar em e, acrescenta-se somente st. Veja o superlativo com o adjetivo nice. Exemplo: O carro verde é o mais legal da loja.

The green car is the nicest in the shop.

• Se o adjetivo de uma ou duas sílabas terminar e consoante + vogal + consoante, dobra-se a última consoante e acrescenta-se est. Exemplo: Minha escola é a maior da cidade.

My school is the biggest in the city.

• Se o adjetivo de uma ou duas sílabas terminar em consoante + y, você deve substituir o y por i e então usar a forma the + adjective + est. Por exemplo, o adjetivo hungry: the hungriest. Exemplo: Eu sou o mais faminto desta sala.

I’m the hungriest in this room.

Agora, vamos analisar a formação do Superlative de adjetivos que possuem uma ou duas sílabas a partir das três regras a seguir: • Para a maioria dos adjetivos que possuem duas sílabas, deve-se colocar the most (o/a; os mais / as mais) antes do adjetivo. Exemplo: Este circo é o mais famoso do país.

This circus is the most famous one in the country.

• Para alguns adjetivos de uma ou duas sílabas, pode-se formar o Superlative das duas formas: acrescentando-se the most antes do adjetivo, ou acrescentando-se the antes dele e o sufixo est ao mesmo. Por exemplo: o adjetivo quiet: Meu cachorro é o mais quieto desta rua.

My dog is the most quiet / the quietest on this street.

Observação: Caso você esteja em dúvida sobre qual forma do Superlative usar para os adjetivos de duas sílabas, prefira a forma the most + adjective.

K. Complete these sentences with the Comparative of Superiority of the adjectives in parentheses. 1. That dress is _______________________________ the other one. (pretty) 2. My house is ________________________________ yours. (small) 3. My new toys are _____________________________ my old ones. (nice) 4. My wife is ___________________________ me. (quiet) 5. I am _________________________ my brother. (tall) 6. Brian’s house is __________________________ Fred’s house. (large) 7. My car is _______________________ my sister’s car. (new) 8. Jerry’s swimming pool is _____________________ my pool. (big)

L. Complete these sentences with the Superlative of the adjectives in parentheses. 1. Clowns are _____________________________characters in the circus. (funny) 2. My father is _______________________ person in my family. (tall)

3. Today is probably _______________________ day of the year. (cold) 4. Summer is ________________________ season of the year. (hot) 5. My son is _____________________ person in our family. (quiet) 6. That’s ____________________ swimming pool here at the club. (big) 7. My wife is _______________________ person in our family. (short) 8. That’s ________________________ department store in town. (large)

M. Give complete answers to the following questions about the lesson. 1. Why does Anna want to go to the new department store? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What size does Anna wear? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. In Debbie’s opinion, does the blouse look good on Anna? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Will Anna take the blouse? ________________________________________________________________________________________.

N. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________? Sure, let’s go. 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________? It’s large. 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________? Yes, I’m going to take the blue shirt. 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________? No, I think the red blouse is prettier than the green one.

Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. a. I wear my size. b. I wear a good size. c. I wear the size small. d. It’s larger than my size. 2. a. They sell clothes at Raven. b. At Raven department store. c. They sell nice clothes. d. That’s the biggest department store in town. 3. a. No, I’m taller than my brother. b. Yes, my brother is shorter than me. c. Yes, he’s my brother. d. My brother is short. 4. a. My sister’s name is Maggie. b. My father is smarter than my brother. c. My mom does. d. My father is. 5. a. Yes, I will think about it. b. Yes, I’m going to take it. c. No, I will take it. d. No, I think it’s pretty.

VOCABULARY

BLOUSE

FANCY

OTHER

SIZE

TOWN

CHECK

LARGE

PRETTY

SMALL

T-SHIRT

CLOTHES

LONG

SELL

SMART

WEAR

COTTON

NICE

SHORT

SURE

Notes NOTES

LESSON

UNDERSTANDING

1. Boy: When I saw Debbie yesterday, she was taking the bus.

2. Man: Was Bob walking to school when he fell? Woman: Yes, he was.

3. Woman on the right: It was raining last night when I called you.

4. Voice over: The girl is in the fitting room trying on a new blouse.

5. Voice over: The man was robbing the car when the police arrived.

7. Voice over: I was playing when my mom got home. 80

6. Girl on the left: Where are Mom and Max? Girl on the right: They are in the toy department.

8. Voice over: The children were sleeping when the movie started.

LESSON

EXPLORING WHAT WERE THEY DOING WHENâ&#x20AC;Ś.

1. Voice over: Debbie was visiting New York when Mark called her.

2. Voice over: Mark was ordering some coffee when I asked him a question.

3. Voice over: Susan was using her new cell phone when Anna broke it.

4. Man: I was buying a horse when my daughter chose the name.

5. Voice over: Our son was eating chocolate before lunch when my husband caught him.

6. Guide: I was showing the group some sights when they took some pictures.

EXERCISES A. Make up questions using vocabulary from the lesson. 1.______________________________________________________________________________________? 2.______________________________________________________________________________________? 3.______________________________________________________________________________________? B. Correct the statements to make them true according to the text. 1. Debbie was visiting New York when she broke her cell phone. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Mark was ordering some coffee when I showed him a picture. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. I was buying a horse when my daughter asked me a question. ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Our son caught my husband when he was eating chocolate before lunch. ________________________________________________________________________________________. C. Vocabulary quiz. 1. I didn’t see Sally yesterday. I __________________ her last week. 2. She was ___________________ the bus to school. 3. Bob was ___________________ to school when he fell. 4. It was _____________________ a lot last night, so the kids had to play inside. 5. The girl is in the ____________________ room trying on a new blouse. 6. The man was ______________________ the house when the police arrived. 7. The children love going to the ____________________ department in that department store. 8. It was midnight when I arrived and the children were all _______________________. 9. When I __________________ you last night, you weren’t home. 10. I was ___________________ some coffee when my friend asked me a question. D. Structure formation practice. Example: (Sally – playing) When I saw Sally, she was playing. 1. (Billy – studying)_________________________________________________________________________. 2. (Angie – sleeping) _______________________________________________________________________. 3. (Luke – watching TV) _____________________________________________________________________. 4. (Mike – buying a shirt)_____________________________________________________________________. E. Structure formation practice. Example: (last night – called you) It was raining last night when I called you. 1. (yesterday – arrived)______________________________________________________________________. 2. (last week – put on the movie)_______________________________________________________________. 3. (last night – ate popcorn) __________________________________________________________________. 4. (2 days ago – took the bus to work)__________________________________________________________.

F. Structure formation practice. Example: (you – my cell phone broke)“What happened while you were studying?” “My cell phone broke.” 1. _____________________________________________? _________________________________________. (your sister – my mom arrived) 2. _____________________________________________?_________________________________________. (your brother – my dad called) 3. _____________________________________________? ________________________________________. (you – my sister fell on the floor) 4. _____________________________________________? ________________________________________. (your friends – I checked my messages)

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Analise a frase a seguir: Mary estava estudando quando Bob ligou.

Mary was studying when Bob called.

Neste exemplo, podemos observar que existem duas ações no passado: estava estudando e ligou. Também é possível notar que, entre essas duas ações, uma possui maior duração que a outra, no caso, a ação estudar é mais longa do que a de ligar. Esta situação se chama Past Continuous Tense e tem a função de expressar ação mais longa dentre duas situações que ocorreram no passado.

Affirmative Form Observe a formação do Past Continuous Tense em frases afirmativas:

Mary

was

passado do verbo to be

studying

when Bob called.

forma -ing do verbo principal

Portanto, formamos o Past Continuous Tense da seguinte forma: Passado do verbo to be + forma -ing do verbo principal

Observe a conjugação do verbo to study na forma afirmativa do Past Continuous Tense:

AFFIRMATIVE S I N G U L A R P L U R A L

WAS

STUDYING

YOU

WERE

STUDYING

WAS

STUDYING

SHE

WAS

STUDYING

WAS

STUDYING

WERE

STUDYING

YOU

WERE

STUDYING

THEY

WERE

STUDYING

Interrogative Form Observe a frase afirmativa abaixo, formada com o verbo to study no Past Continuous Tense: Mary estava estudando quando Bob ligou.

Mary was studying when Bob called.

Agora observe como fica a formação da mesma frase, porém na forma interrogativa: Mary estava estudando quando Bob ligou?

Was Mary studying when Bob called?

Agora, compare as frases: AFIRMATIVA

Mary was studying when Bob called.

INTERROGATIVA

Was Mary studying when Bob called?

Portanto, é possível notar que, para fazer frases interrogativas no Past Continuous Tense, basta inverter a posição do sujeito com o verbo to be. Observe a conjugação do verbo to study na forma interrogativa do Past Continuous Tense:

INTERROGATIVE S I N G U L A R P L U R A L 84

WAS

STUDYING?

WERE

YOU

STUDYING?

WAS

STUDYING?

WAS

SHE

STUDYING?

WAS

STUDYING?

WERE

STUDYING?

WERE

YOU

STUDYING?

WERE

THEY

STUDYING?

Negative Form Analise o exemplo a seguir: Mary estava estudando quando Bob ligou.

Mary was studying when Bob called.

Agora observe a formação da mesma frase, porém na forma negativa: Mary não estava estudando quando Bob ligou.

Mary was not studying when Bob called.

Agora, compare as frases abaixo: AFIRMATIVA

Mary was studying when Bob called.

NEGATIVA

Mary was not studying when Bob called.

Portanto, para formar a negativa do Past Continuous Tense, basta acrescentar not após was ou were. Lembrando que a forma negativa contracta de was not é wasn’t e de were not é weren’t. Exemplos: NEGATIVA

Mary was not studying when Bob called.

NEGATIVA CONTRACTA NEGATIVA

Mary wasn’t studying when Bob called.

They were not studying when Bob called.

NEGATIVA CONTRACTA

They weren’t studying when Bob called.

Observe a conjugação do verbo to study na forma negativa do Past Continuous Tense:

NEGATIVE FULL FORM S I N G U L A R P L U R A L

CONTRACTED FORM

WAS NOT

STUDYING

WASN’T

STUDYING

YOU

WERE NOT

STUDYING

YOU

WEREN’T

STUDYING

WAS NOT

STUDYING

WASN’T

STUDYING

SHE

WAS NOT

STUDYING

SHE

WASN’T

STUDYING

WAS NOT

STUDYING

WASN’T

STUDYING

WERE NOT

STUDYING

WEREN’T

STUDYING

YOU

WERE NOT

STUDYING

YOU

WEREN’T

STUDYING

THEY

WERE NOT

STUDYING

THEY

WEREN’T

STUDYING

Observe novamente a frase a seguir: Mary was studying

ação mais longa Past Continuous

when Bob called.

ação mais curta Simple Past

Já vimos que, no exemplo acima, duas ações ocorrem no passado, sendo uma delas de maior duração que a outra. Portanto, Quando duas ações ocorrem ao mesmo tempo no passado, a mais longa é expressa pelo Past Continuous Tense e a mais curta é expressa pelo Simple Past Tense. É importante ressaltar que a ordem em que as ações estão expressas não interfere no sentido ou na formação da frase: Mary was studying when Bob called.

When Bob called, Mary was studying.

Observação: É possível notar que quando a ação mais longa é expressa primeiro, não se usa vírgula entre as frases, porém, quando a ação mais curta é expressa primeiro, deve-se separar as frases com vírgula. G. Complete the sentences with the Past Continuous Tense of the verbs in paretheses. 1. Kelly _____________________________________TV when her mom arrived. (to watch) 2. Troy and his friends ________________________________ when his mom called them. (to play) 3. When my dad called, I _______________________________ dinner. (to have) 4. The children ________________________________ when it started to snow. (to sleep) 5. The girls ________________________________ when I saw them. (to dance) 6. My father ______________________________ a horse when I chose the name. (to buy) 7. My brother ________________________________ chocolate when our dad caught him. (to eat) 8. The guide ____________________________ the group some sights when they took some pictures. (to show)

H. Give complete answers to the following questions about the lesson. 1. What did Ryan do while Mark was ordering some coffee? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What did Anna do while Susan was showing her new cell phone? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. What did Anna do while her father was buying a horse? ________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. What happened while the boy was eating chocolate? ________________________________________________________________________________________.

I. Make up questions for the following answers. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________? She was sleeping. 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________? They were studying. 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________? He was playing. 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________? I was watching TV. Listening comprehension practice. Choose the correct option. 1. a. She was home. b. She is studying now. c. She was walking home. d. She was at the movies. 2. a. Their mom was sleeping. b. The children were studying. c. They were playing outside. d. It started to rain. 3. a. They are in the toy department. b. They are playing. c. They are sleeping. d. The children are studying. 4. a. Yes, he did. b. Yes, the man robbed the bank. c. Yes, they did. d. No, the police arrived. 5. a. He was drinking juice. b. He was eating chocolate. c. Chocolate is delicious. d. She was eating some chocolate. VOCABULARY ARRIVE ASK BEFORE BRAKE BUS CHOSE

FALL FITTING ROOM FUNNY GROUP HUSBAND POLICE

ROB SEE SHOW SIGHTS START TAKE

THING TOY TRY USE VISIT WALK