CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDIES

3.1 CASE STUDY 1 : LAHORE FORT

LOCATION : LAHORE, PAKISTAN OWNERS : Mughal Empire, Sikh Empire, East India Company, British Empire, United Kingdom YEAR : 1566, with later additions under Mughal and Sikh empires ARCHITECTURAL STYLE : Indo-Islamic, Mughal

3.1.1 INTRODUCTION

Lahore Fort is one of the finest example of Indo- Saracenic style of architecture. It was built, damaged, demolished, rebuilt and restored several times before being given its current form by Emperor Akbar in 1566. The fort is entered on its western side through the colossal Alamgiri Gate, built by Aurangzeb in 1674 as a private entrance to the royal quarters. It was large enough to allow several elephants carrying members of the royal household to enter at one time. The small Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) was built by Shah Jahan in 1644 for the private use of the ladies of the royal household and was restored to its original delicacy in 1904. The fort was greatly expanded during the reigns of Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. During the period of Sikh occupation, Ranjit Singh added several pavilions on the upper ramparts. Modifications to the fort were even made during the British colonial period beginning in 1846, but consisted mainly of converting older buildings into hospitals, barracks, and other colonial functions.

FIGURE 3.1 FIGURE 3.2

FIGURE 3.3 FIGURE 3.4

FIGURE 3.5 FIGURE 3.6 FIGURE 3.7

3.1.2 DESIGN OF THE JAALI PATTERN

The Lahore Fort has numerous fine examples of jalis which play significant role in the different spaces, such as in Naulakha Pavilion, Diwan-e-khas, Sheesh Mahal etc.

FIGURE 3.8 FIGURE 3.9

FIGURE 3.10 FIGURE 3.11

The central arch of Naulakha Pavilion, with intricate patterns carved out from marble. The screens on the central window are different compared to the side panels windows frame.

3.1.3 USE OF JAALI IN LAHORE FORT

FIGURE 3.12

FIGURE 3.13

The balcony railings are also carved jalis, with six and 8-point geometrical patterns.

FIGURE 3.14 FIGURE 3.15 FIGURE 3.16

3.2 CASE STUDY 2 : 18 SCREENS HOUSE

LOCATION : LUCKNOW, INDIA ARCHITECT : SANJAY PURI YEAR : May, 2019 AREA : 790 SQ.M.

3.2.1 INTRODUCTION

The house is planned alluding to the traditional Indian courtyard house in response to the climate of the location where temperatures in summer months is usually around 35° C. The extensive requirements of the 6 bedroom house are interspersed with sheltered open terraces and landscaped gardens around a 2 floor high naturally ventilated courtyard.

FIGURE 3.17 FIGURE 3.18

Patterned screens derived from traditional Indian architecture and the famous Lucknow ‘chikan’ are extensively used. These screens : • Provide shelter from the sun • Create different light patterns throughout the day • Mitigate traffic noise from the arterial road • Create a visual barrier (outside to inside) • Maintain the micro-climate Materials used : • Walls and Slabs- Formfinished Concrete • Screens- Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) • Windows and Doors- Wood (treated)

FIGURE 3.19 FIGURE 3.20

3.2.2 DESIGN OF JAALI PATTERN

A series of experiences are created in this house with the use of the “patterned screen” and its design facilitates natural ventilation and sunlight within and is simultaneously contextual to the location, sun articulation, tradition, culture and social aspects.

FIGURE 3.22

FIGURE 3.21

FIGURE 3.23

The pattern of the Jaali used is influenced by the traditional Indian architecture and the famous Lucknow “Chikan” print which is known worldwide and holds a significant value in Lucknow.

3.2.3 SPACES IN WHICH THE SCREEN IS UTILIZED

The floor plans of the house show the areas in which the jaali has been used.

FIGURE 3.24

GROUND FLOOR PLAN 01 ENTRANCE LOBBY 11 GUEST ROOM 25 SCREEN SHELTERED WALKWAY 09 KITCHEN 17 VERANDAH

FIRST FLOOR PLAN 03 DOUBLE HT. CENTRAL SPACE 18 MASTER BEDROOM 25 SCREEN SHELTERED WALKWAY 21 BEDROOM 28 SHELTERED TERRACE 29 ALCOVE 30 TERRACE

FIGURE 3.25