3420 toeic vocabulary words by Tanyanat Homcha-em

AOL

A.O.B.2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

A1.

A.O.B.

AOL

abbr. used at the end of the list of subjects to be

abbr. American corporation headquartered in Virginia,

discussed at a meeting or conference

owner and operator of on line and interactive computer services Forms: America Online

a.m.

ASAP4.

Forms: any other business

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ASAP

a.m.

abbr. quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast

abbr. morning; time before noon; hours between midnight and noon

abide

abbreviation6. able

ability8.

Forms: as soon as possible (asap, a.s.a.p., A.S.A.P.)

Forms: ante meridiem (am, A.M, AM)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abbreviation

abide

n. shortened form of a word or word combination

v. to comply; to obey; to conform; to stay; to tolerate

Forms: plural: abbreviations

Forms: abided; abided; abiding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ability

able

n. skill; talent; aptitude; capacity; power

adj. competent; talented; apt

abound

abolish10. above

above12.

11.

Forms: plural: abilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abolish

abound

v. to cancel; to revoke

v. to be plentiful; to be filled with; to overflow with

Forms: abolished; abolished; abolishing

Forms: abounded; abounded; abounding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– above

above

prep. over; higher than; more than

n. something previously mentioned or indicated

above

above14. abroad

abreast16.

15.

13.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– above

above

adj. mentioned earlier in the same text

adv. overhead; over; in a higher place

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abreast

abroad

adv. side by side; in alignment; on top of; up-to-date;

adv. in another country; outside; widely

absent

absence18.

17.

well-informed –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– absence

absent

n. failure to appear; state of being away; state of being

adj. preoccupied; lost in thought

not present

absorbed

absorb20.

19.

Forms: no plural ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

absorb

absorbed

v. to suck up; take up; take in

adj. treated as an expense

abuse

abundant22.

21.

Forms: absorbed; absorbed; absorbing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abundant

abuse

adj. plentiful; copious; profuse; full abounding with

v. to injure; to harm; to mistreat

accelerate

abuse24.

23.

Forms: abused; abused; abusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abuse

accelerate

n. maltreatment; corrupt practice; foul language

v. to hasten; to increase the speed of something; to speed something up Forms: accelerated; accelerated; accelerating

accelerator26. access

acceptance28.

27.

25.

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accelerator

n. gas pedal of a motor vehicle

v. to receive; to agree; to consent

Forms: plural: accelerators

Forms: accepted; accepted; accepting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acceptance

access

n. act of receiving; approval; state of believing in

v. to gain entrance to; to get at

something

accident

access30.

29.

Forms: no plural

Forms: accessed; accessed; accessing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– access

accident

n. approach; entry; permission to enter a computer

n. casualty; misadventure; mishap; failure

system or network and/or retrieve data

accommodation

accommodate32.

31.

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: accidents

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accommodate

accommodation

v. to adapt oneself; to host guests; to provide lodging

n. housing; residence; lodging; arrangement; adjustment

accomplish

accompany34. accord

accomplishment36.

35.

33.

Forms: accommodated; accommodated; accommodating Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accompany

accomplish

v. to go along with; to go together with; to join; to attach

v. to complete; to achieve; to attain; to perform

Forms: accompanied; accompanied; accompanying

Forms: accomplished; accomplished; accomplishing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

accordance

accord38. account

account40.

39.

37.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

accomplishment

accord

n. fulfillment; realization; attainment; achievement

v. to give; to match; to fit; to complement

Forms: plural: accomplishments

Forms: accorded; accorded; according

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accord

accordance

n. agreement; settlement; harmony

n. conformity; agreement; coordination; suitability

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– account

account

v. to explain; to give a report; to cause; to regard

n. business arrangement; client; funds deposited in a bank Forms: plural: accounts

accounting

accountant42. accrue

accredit44. achieve

accuracy46. acquaint

achievement48.

47.

45.

43.

41.

Forms: accounted; accounted; accounting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accountant

accounting

n. a person who keeps financial records; a person who

n. a system of recording and analyzing financial

conducts financial audits

transactions; auditing; a detailed financial statement

Forms: plural: accountants

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accredit

accrue

v. to certify; to recognize; to assign; to license

v. to compile; to increase; to accumulate; to grow

Forms: accredited; accredited; accrediting

Forms: accrued; accrued; accruing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accuracy

achieve

n. preciseness; exactness

v. to obtain; to attain; to perform; to accomplish

Forms: no plural

Forms: achieved; achieved; achieving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– achievement

acquaint

n. performance; operation; attainment; mission; success

v. to make familiar; to present someone; to introduce someone

acquainted

acquaintance50.

49.

Forms: plural: achievements

Forms: acquainted; acquainted; acquainting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acquaintance

acquainted

n. person that you have met but do not know well;

adj. familiar; close; intimate; informed; aware

knowledge of something; familiarity

acquisition

acquire52.

51.

Forms: plural: acquaintances ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

acquire

acquisition

v. to buy; to obtain; to purchase; to attain

n. purchase; something that has been purchased or obtained Forms: plural: acquisitions

actual

acronym54.

53.

Forms: acquired; acquired; acquiring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acronym

actual

n. a word which is formed from the first letters of several

adj. substantial; real; tangible; current

words; i.e. TOEIC or NATO

ad56.

55.

Forms: plural: acronyms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ad

n. informal word for a commercial announcement

pref. toward; at

adamant

adamant58.

57.

Forms: plural: ads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adamant

adamant

n. something unyielding; something hard; stone similar to adj. unyielding; firm; hard; unbending diamond

addiction

adapt60.

59.

Forms: plural: adamants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adapt

addiction

v. to conform; to change; to make suitable; to match; to fit n. devotion to a certain habit; dependency

additional

addition62.

61.

Forms: adapted; adapted; adapting

Forms: plural: addictions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– addition

additional

n. supplement; mathematical operation

adj. extra; supplemental

address

additive64.

63.

Forms: plural: additions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– additive

address

n. supplement

v. to direct to; to speak to; to direct to a specific destination; to refer to

adept

address66.

65.

Forms: plural: additives

Forms: addressed; addressed; addressing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– address

adept

n. location; description of a location

adj. proficient; skilled; expert

adequate

adept68.

67.

Forms: plural: addresses ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

adept

adequate

n. person who is an expert; person who is skilled

adj. sufficient; suitable; appropriate; proper

adjourn

adhere70. rate

adjustable

adjust72. administer

adjustment74. administrative

administration76.

75.

73.

71.

69.

Forms: plural: adepts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adhere

adjourn

v. to stick to; to cling to; to be devoted to (an idea, group,

v. to postpone; to delay; to end a meeting; to move to

organization etc.)

another place

Forms: adhered; adhered; adhering

Forms: adjourned; adjourned; adjourning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adjust

adjustable rate

v. to modify; to adapt; to fit; to arrange; to settle

n. an interest percentage that changes over time

Forms: adjusted; adjusted; adjusting

Forms: plural: adjustable rates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adjustment

administer

n. adaption; settlement of an insurance claim

v. to manage; to supervise; to supply; to dispense

Forms: plural: adjustments

Forms: administered; administered; administering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– administration

administrative

n. management; supervisors; leadership

adj. managerial; executive

admiration

admirable78.

77.

Forms: plural: administrations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admirable

admiration

adj. worthy of adoration; impressive; wonderful;

n. enchantment; affection; adoration

marvelous

admit

admission80.

79.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admission

admit

n. entrance; permission to enter; confession

v. to confess to something; to allow entrance; to accept as valid

ado

admonish82. adorn

adopt84.

83.

81.

Forms: no plural

Forms: admitted; admitted; admitting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admonish

ado

v. to warn; to scold; to reprove

n. commotion; flurry; excitement

Forms: admonished; admonished; admonishing

Forms: no plural

PHOTOCOPIABLE

adult

adroit86.

85.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

adopt

adorn

v. to form a relationship with another person

v. to decorate; to beautify

Forms: adopted; adopted; adopting

Forms: adorned; adorned; adorning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adroit

adult

adj. alert; clever; ingenious; skillful; adept

n. opposite of child; a grown-up; a mature person

advance

adult88. advance

advance90.

89.

87.

Forms: plural: adults –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adult

advance

adj. mature; full grown

adj. beforehand

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advance

advance

n. progress; modernization; promotion

v. to progress; to promote; to make a payment before it is due

advantage

advancement92. opinion

adverse

advantage94.

93.

91.

Forms: plural: advances

Forms: advanced; advanced; advancing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advancement

advantage

n. forward movement; progress; promotion

n. benefit; profit; utility; avail

Forms: plural: advancements

Forms: plural: advantages

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advantage

adverse opinion

v. to help; to assist; to promote; to be beneficial to

n. one of several separate payments into which a debt has been divided; section; portion

adversity

adversely96.

95.

Forms: advantaged; advantaged; advantaging

Forms: plural: adverse opinions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adversely

adversity

adv. unfavorably; in a manner that works against;

n. misfortune; hardship; distress; suffering

antagonistically

advert

advert98.

97.

Forms: plural: adversities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advert

advert

v. to refer to; to comment on; to draw attention to

n. public announcement or printed notice designed to attract attention

advertise100.

99.

Forms: adverted; adverted; adverting

Forms: plural: adverts

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

advertise

v. to promote; to draw attention to; to publicize

n. commercial information designed to attract attention; commercial Forms: plural: advertisements

advise

advice102. affect

advisor104.

103.

101.

Forms: advertised; advertised; advertising

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advice

advise

n. counsel; guidance; specific information; hint

v. to counsel; to offer guidance; to notify; to inform

Forms: no plural

Forms: advised; advised; advising

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advisor

affect

n. a person who provides guidance; consultant; counselor v. to influence

affiliate

affiliate106. affinity

affiliation108. age

afford110. agency

age112. agent

agenda114. aggregate

aggregate116.

115.

113.

111.

109.

107.

105.

Forms: plural: advisors; other spelling version: adviser

Forms: affected; affected; affecting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– affiliate

affiliate

n. partner company; distributor

v. to join with; to connect to; to become attached to

Forms: plural: affiliates

Forms: affiliated; affiliated; affiliating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– affiliation

affinity

n. connection; attachment

n. attraction; closeness; liking; likeness

Forms: plural: affiliations

Forms: plural: affinities

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– afford

age

v. to be able to pay for; to supply; to provide

n. period; era; generation

Forms: afforded; afforded; affording

Forms: plural: ages

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– age

agency

v. to grow older; to mature

n. office; bureau; institution; franchise; method

Forms: aged; aged; aging

Forms: plural: agencies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– agenda

agent

n. schedule; calendar; outline of things to be done

n. representative; rep; factor; cause

Forms: plural: agendas

Forms: plural: agents

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aggregate

aggregate

v. to accumulate; to gather; to collect; to assemble

adj. collective; total; taking all units as a whole

schedule

aging

aggregate118.

117.

Forms: aggregated; aggregated; aggregating ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

agreement

agree120.

119.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

aggregate

aging schedule

n. combination; conjunction; group; mixture

n. a list of accounts receivable

Forms: plural: aggregates

Forms: plural: aging schedules

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– agree

agreement

v. to consent; to concur; to suit; to have the same

n. pact; contract; accord; consent; concurrence

opinion; to fit Forms: plural: agreements

aid

ahead122.

121.

Forms: agreed; agreed; agreeing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ahead

aid

adv. forward; in advance

v. to help; to assist

aim

aid124. aircraft

aim126.

125.

123.

Forms: aided; aided; aiding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aid

aim

n. help; assistance; accessory

n. purpose; goal; objective; target

Forms: plural: aids

Forms: plural: aims

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aim

aircraft

v. to try or to intend to achieve something; to direct; to

n. any vehicle which can be flown (i.e. helicopter)

plan; to aspire

airways

airport128. alert

aisle130.

129.

127.

Forms: aimed; aimed; aiming

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– airport

airways

n. place used by planes for takeoff and landing

n. route through traveled by vehicles above ground level

Forms: plural: airports

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aisle

alert

n. passage; walkway (between rows of seats or shelves)

adj. ready; attentive; quick; agile

alert

alert132. allay

alive134.

133.

131.

Forms: plural: aisles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alert

alert

n. warning; alarm; attitude of readiness

v. to warn; to put on standby; to alarm

Forms: plural: alerts

Forms: alerted; alerted; alerting

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

alive

allay

adj. active; attentive

v. to relieve; to calm; to alleviate pain

alliance

alleviate136. allow

allot138.

137.

135.

Forms: allayed; allayed; allaying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alleviate

alliance

v. to allay; to soothe; to relieve; to soften; to lessen

n. pact; treaty; connection; relationship

Forms: alleviated; alleviated; alleviating

Forms: plural: alliances

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– allot

allow

v. to give out; to distribute; to ration; to set aside for a

v. to permit; to enable

special purpose Forms: allowed; allowed; allowing

already

allowance140.

139.

Forms: allotted; allotted; allotting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– allowance

already

n. grant; pocket money; stipend; discount; deduction

adv. previously; before a certain time

alternate

alter142.

141.

Forms: plural: allowances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alter

alternate

v. to change; to modify

adj. rotating; one after the other; interchanging

alternative

alternate144. altitude

although146.

145.

143.

Forms: altered; altered; altering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alternate

alternative

v. to interchange; to take turns; to rotate; to substitute

n. choice; option

Forms: alternated; alternated; alternating

Forms: plural: alternatives

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– although

altitude

conj. despite the fact that; in spite of the fact that

n. height; distance above sea level

ambiguous

ambiguity148.

147.

Forms: plural: altitudes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ambiguity

ambiguous

n. vagueness; lack of clarity

adj. open to dispute; obscure; vague

ambitious

ambition150.

149.

Forms: plural: ambiguities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ambition

ambitious

n. aspiration; hope; goal; dream

adj. aspiring; desirous of success; requiring great effort

amend

ambivalence152.

151.

Forms: plural: ambitions ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

ambivalence

amend

n. state of having both positive and negative feelings

v. to change; to alter; to improve

towards a subject Forms: amended; amended; amending

amount

amortization154.

153.

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amortization

amount

n. gradual payment of debt; the reduction of the value of

v. to come to a sum; to become; to total

an asset Forms: amounted; amounted; amounting

ample

amount156.

155.

Forms: plural: amortizations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amount

ample

n. quantity; sum

adj. much; plenty; large; spacious

analyze

analysis158. anchor

anchor160. anger

anger162. angle

angle164. announcement

anniversary166. annoying

annoy168.

167.

165.

163.

161.

159.

157.

Forms: plural: amounts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– analysis

analyze

n. process of breaking down a subject and studying it;

v. to examine; to break down into parts and study (as in a

examination

subject)

Forms: no plural

Forms: analyzed; analyzed; analyzing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anchor

anchor

v. to attach firmly; to fasten tightly

n. newsreader; broadcaster

Forms: anchored; anchored; anchoring

Forms: plural: anchors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anger

anger

v. to irritate; to infuriate; to enrage

n. rage; fury

Forms: angered; angered; angering

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– angle

angle

v. to bend; to turn sharply in a different direction

n. point of view; perspective

Forms: angled; angled; angling

Forms: plural: angles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anniversary

announcement

n. yearly date commemorating a special event; birthday

n. declaration; notice; the act of informing the public

Forms: plural: anniversaries

Forms: plural: announcements

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

annoy

annoying

v. to bother; to trouble; to disturb; to upset

adj. bothersome; troublesome; worrisome; harassing

anticipate

annual170.

169.

Forms: annoyed; annoyed; annoying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– annual

anticipate

adj. occurring once a year; yearly

v. to expect; to predict; to assume

anxious

anticipation172.

171.

Forms: anticipated; anticipated; anticipating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anticipation

anxious

n. expectation; hope; intuition

adj. fearful; worried; worrisome; eager; keen

anyway

anyhow174. apart

apart176. apologize

apartment178. apparatus

apology180.

179.

177.

175.

173.

Forms: plural: anticipations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anyhow

anyway

adv. in some way

adv. in whatever manner; however

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– apart

apart

prep. besides; but; excluding

adv. separately; aside; into pieces

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– apartment

apologize

n. flat

v. to express regret; to say sorry

Forms: plural: apartments

Forms: apologized; apologized; apologizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– apology

apparatus

n. expression of regret or sorrow; excuse; defense;

n. device; system; machine; gadget; appliance

justification

apparel

apparel182. appeal

apparently184.

183.

181.

Forms: plural: apologies

Forms: plural: apparatuses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– apparel

apparel

v. to dress; to adorn wear

n. clothing; garments; clothes; garb

Forms: appareled; appareled; appareling

Forms: plural: apparels

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– apparently

appeal

adv. evidently; obviously; allegedly; seemingly

v. to plead; to request; to petition for a new trial or judgment

appealing

appeal186.

185.

Forms: appealed; appealed; appealing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

appeal

appealing

n. request; plea; petition for a new trial or judgment

adj. begging; attractive; interesting

appearance

appear188. applicant

appliance190. apply

application192. appointment

appoint194. approach

appreciate196. appropriate

approach198.

197.

195.

193.

191.

189.

187.

Forms: plural: appeals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– appear

appearance

v. to come into view; to show up; to seem

n. impression; the way a person looks; image; semblance

Forms: appeared; appeared; appearing

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– appliance

applicant

n. tool; gadget; device; apparatus

n. candidate; nominee

Forms: plural: appliances

Forms: plural: applicants

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– application

apply

n. software program; written request; formal letter;

v. to make a request; to implement; to realize; to put into

implementation

practice

Forms: plural: applications

Forms: applied; applied; applying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– appoint

appointment

v. to nominate; to designate

n. official date; meeting; interview; nomination

Forms: appointed; appointed; appointing

Forms: plural: appointments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– appreciate

approach

v. to esteem; to regard highly; to become more valuable

v. to come near to; to tackle (a problem or situation)

Forms: appreciated; appreciated; appreciating

Forms: approached; approached; approaching

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– approach

appropriate

n. access; method; system; procedure

adj. suitable; fitting

approval

appropriate200. list

approved

approve202.

201.

199.

Forms: plural: approaches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– appropriate

approval

v. to set aside; to allot; to adapt; to embrace; to accept

n. confirmation; endorsement; positive opinion

Forms: appropriated; appropriated; appropriating

Forms: plural: approvals

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

approve

approved list

v. to agree; to concur; to confirm; to endorse

n. inventory of legal investments for savings banks and trust funds Forms: plural: approved lists

apt

approximately204. arbitrary

aptitude206.

205.

203.

Forms: approved; approved; approving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– approximately

apt

adv. nearly; about; around; circa

adj. suitable; appropriate; intelligent; savvy; capable

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aptitude

arbitrary

n. ability; skill; talent

adj. optional; uncertain; changeable; open; unrestricted

argue

area208. arrange

argument210.

209.

207.

Forms: plural: aptitudes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– area

argue

n. region; domain; field; category

v. to dispute; to claim; to give reasons

Forms: plural: areas

Forms: argued; argued; arguing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– argument

arrange

n. dispute; claim; rationale; cause

v. to organize; to settle; to structure; to order; to systematize

array

arrangement212. arrest

arrest214. arrive

arrival216.

215.

213.

211.

Forms: plural: arguments

Forms: arranged; arranged; arranging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– arrangement

array

n. organization; order; selection; range; assortment

n. display; layout; clothing; menu

Forms: plural: arrangements

Forms: plural: arrays

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– arrest

arrest

n. detention; imprisonment

v. to detain; to slow down; to capture; to imprison

Forms: plural: arrests

Forms: arrested; arrested; arresting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– arrival

arrive

n. reaching a destination; incoming; opposite of departure v. to reach a destination; to return; to come back; to succeed

article

article218. articulate

articulate220.

219.

217.

Forms: plural: arrivals

Forms: arrived; arrived; arriving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– article

article

n. item; object; piece of text; paragraph of a contract

v. to bind with a contract

Forms: plural: articles

Forms: articled; articled; articling

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

articulate

adj. lucid; eloquent; expressed using clear and distinct

v. to express in a fluent and clear manner

words; able to speak

artisan

artificial222.

221.

Forms: articulated; articulated; articulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– artificial

artisan

adj. not genuine; simulated; unreal

n. creator; craftsman; skilled workman

aspect

ascertain224. assembly

assemble226. assessment

assess228. assign

asset230. assimilate

assignment232. assistance

assist234. assistant

assistant236.

235.

233.

231.

229.

227.

225.

223.

Forms: plural: artisans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ascertain

aspect

v. to clarify; to confirm; to reinforce; to verify

n. facet; outlook; direction; issue; point

Forms: ascertained; ascertained; ascertaining

Forms: plural: aspects

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assemble

assembly

v. to gather; to collect; to converge; to arrange; to meet

n. meeting; conference; set; group of people

Forms: assembled; assembled; assembling

Forms: plural: assemblies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assess

assessment

v. to estimate; to gauge; to evaluate; to measure

n. estimation; appraisal; measurement

Forms: assessed; assessed; assessing

Forms: plural: assessments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– asset

assign

n. something of value (property, equipment, goods, etc.);

v. to allot; to apportion; to give somebody a task or

item of quality; something beneficial

responsibility; to delegate; to appoint

Forms: plural: assets

Forms: assigned; assigned; assigning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assignment

assimilate

n. task; duty; responsibility; role; obligation

v. to incorporate; to take in; to absorb

Forms: plural: assignments

Forms: assimilated; assimilated; assimilating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assist

assistance

v. to aid; to help; to support; to guide; to direct

n. aid; help; support; direction; upkeep

Forms: assisted; assisted; assisting

Forms: no plural

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

assistant

n. person who gives support to a superior; aide; helper

adj. serving as an aide; helpful; supportive; auxiliary

associate

associate238. assort

association240. assume

assortment242.

241.

239.

237.

Forms: plural: assistants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– associate

associate

n. partner; fellow worker; co-worker; friend

v. to share company; to connect; to relate to; to combine

Forms: plural: associates

Forms: associated; associated; associating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– association

assort

n. organization; society; union; coalition; foundation

v. to classify; to categorize; to systematize; to structure

Forms: plural: associations

Forms: assorted; assorted; assorting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assortment

assume

n. variety; collection; selection; range; mixture

v. to suppose; to take on a position or duty; to accept an idea

attach

assure244.

243.

Forms: plural: assortments

Forms: assumed; assumed; assuming

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– assure

attach

v. to give confidence; to promise; to pledge; to encourage v. to fasten; to link to; to add; to ascribe to; to connect to

attain

attachment246.

245.

Forms: assured; assured; assuring

Forms: attached; attached; attaching

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attachment

attain

n. connection; confiscation; file sent via email

v. to reach; to achieve; to fulfill; to realize (a goal, purpose, etc.)

attempt

attainment248. attend

attempt250.

249.

247.

Forms: plural: attachments

Forms: attained; attained; attaining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attainment

attempt

n. achievement; fulfillment; ability

n. try; assay; test; trial

Forms: plural: attainments

Forms: plural: attempts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attempt

attend

v. to try to; to assay

v. to be present in a place; to care for; to serve; to accompany

attendant

attendance252.

251.

Forms: attempted; attempted; attempting

Forms: attended; attended; attending

PHOTOCOPIABLE

attendee

attendant254.

253.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

attendance

attendant

n. being physically present; act of accompanying or

n. steward; stewardess; person who serves others;

serving

person who accompanies others

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: attendants

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attendant

attendee

adj. present; opposite of absent; accompanying

n. person who takes part in a particular event such as a conference or seminar; participant

attentive

attention256.

255.

Forms: plural: attendees –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attention

attentive

n. concentration; consideration; focus; care;

adj. concentrated; focused; observant; polite; caring

acknowledgment; recognition

attire

attentiveness258. attitude

attire260. attorney

attn.262.

261.

259.

257.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attentiveness

attire

n. concentration; ability to concentrate on an issue

n. dress; clothing; apparel

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attire

attitude

v. to dress; to put on clothes

n. position; opinion; viewpoint; outlook; perspective

Forms: attired; attired; attiring

Forms: plural: attitudes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attn.

attorney

abbr. directed to a particular person (generally used

n. lawyer; barrister; advocate; solicitor

when addressing a letter or message) or issue

attribute

attract264. auction

attribute266.

265.

263.

Forms: attention

Forms: plural: attorneys

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attract

attribute

v. to draw attention; to captivate; to fascinate

n. quality; factor; characteristic; feature

Forms: attracted; attracted; attracting

Forms: plural: attributes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– attribute

auction

v. to ascribe to; to link to; to associate with; to relate to

n. public sale where goods are sold to the highest bidder (such as eBay)

audience

auction268.

267.

Forms: attributed; attributed; attributing

Forms: plural: auctions

PHOTOCOPIABLE

audit

audio270.

269.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

auction

audience

v. to sell something through a bidding system

n. group of people who attend a seminar, a talk, etc.

Forms: auctioned; auctioned; auctioning

Forms: plural: audience

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– audio

audit

adj. pertaining to hearing and listening; sound

n. examination of financial accounts; internal investigation

auditorium

audit272.

271.

Forms: plural: audits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– audit

auditorium

v. to examine accounts and other financial records

n. large room used for lectures; talks, performances and other events

authority

augment274. autograph

authorize276. automobile

autograph278. avail

avail280. float

availability

availability282.

281.

279.

277.

275.

273.

Forms: audited; audited; auditing

Forms: plural: auditoriums

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– augment

authority

v. to increase; to enlarge; to enhance; to multiply

n. official institution; agency; power; control; jurisdiction

Forms: augmented; augmented; augmenting

Forms: plural: authorities

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– authorize

autograph

v. to permit; to approve; to empower

v. to write one's name by hand; to sign one's name

Forms: authorized; authorized; authorizing

Forms: autographed; autographed; autographing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– autograph

automobile

n. a person's handwritten signature

n. car; vehicle; ride

Forms: plural: autographs

Forms: plural: automobiles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– avail

avail

v. to be useful; to help; to facilitate

n. advantage; profit; help; benefit

Forms: availed; availed; availing

Forms: plural: avails

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– availability

availability float

n. accessibility; attainability; obtainability

n. the time or amount of money that defined by checks that have been deposited but not cleared yet

average

available284. average

average286.

285.

283.

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: availability floats

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– available

average

adj. ready for use; attainable; present; vail

adj. immediate; common; usual; standard

PHOTOCOPIABLE

award

avoid288.

287.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

average

n. mean; median

v. to have a mean of a certain amount

Forms: plural: averages

Forms: averaged; averaged; averaging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– avoid

award

v. to escape; to keep away from; to prevent; to keep from n. prize; grant; arbitration happening; to evade

aware

award290.

289.

Forms: avoided; avoided; avoiding

Forms: plural: awards

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– award

aware

v. to give; to grant; to judge; to rule

adj. attentive; conscious of

awesome

awareness292.

291.

Forms: awarded; awarded; awarding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– awareness

awesome

n. consciousness

adj. impressive; inspiring; great; frightening

PHOTOCOPIABLE

back back

back4. order

back

door6.

back

back2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

B1.

back

n. part of a chair; rear part of the human body

v. to support; to assist; to strengthen

Forms: plural: backs

Forms: backed; backed; backing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– back

back

adj. behind; after; rear; hind

adv. to the rear; to the past

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– back door

back order

n. the U.S. treasury

n. ordered merchandise that is not currently in stock but will be supplied in the future Forms: plural: back orders

background

up8.

back backup

backlash10.

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– back up

background

v. to support; to solidify; to strengthen

n. setting; biography

Forms: backed up; backed up; backing up

Forms: plural: backgrounds

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– backlash

backup

n. rebound; recoiling; sudden movement to the rear

n. copying of data for safety purposes; substitute; reserve; spare

baggage

badge12. balance

balance14. bank

bank16.

15.

13.

11.

Forms: plural: backlashes

Forms: plural: backups

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– badge

baggage

n. tag; sign; identification tag

n. luggage; cargo; things to take on a trip; equipment

Forms: plural: badges

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– balance

balance

v. to make equal

n. leveling; harmony; stability; rest; remainder

Forms: balanced; balanced; balancing

Forms: plural: balances

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bank

bank

v. to deposit money; in a money institution; to count on; to n. institution for saving and borrowing money; cashier depend upon

banknote

draft18.

bank bankrupt

bankrupt20.

19.

17.

Forms: banked; banked; banking

Forms: plural: banks

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bank draft

banknote

n. check

n. bill; money made of paper

Forms: plural: bank drafts

Forms: plural: banknotes

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

bankrupt

adj. lacking; deficient; insolvent; unable to pay debts

n. a person who was unable to repay their debts

bankruptcy

bankrupt22.

21.

Forms: plural: bankrupts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bankrupt

bankruptcy

v. to ruin financially; to go bust; to go broke; to collapse

n. state of losing property to one's creditor's due to unpaid debts; insolvency Forms: plural: bankruptcies

banquet

banquet24. barely

wire26.

barbed

25.

23.

Forms: bankrupted; bankrupted; bankrupting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– banquet

banquet

n. celebration; feast; dinner; drinking

v. to hold a party; to feast; to dine; to drink

Forms: plural: banquets

Forms: banqueted; banqueted; banqueting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– barbed wire

barely

n. metal cord with sharp projecting points

adv. hardly; scarcely

bargain

bargain28.

27.

Forms: plural: barbed wires –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bargain

bargain

n. good deal; agreement; item that has been bought at a

v. to negotiate; to arrive at an agreement

specially low price

capital

barren

barometer30.

29.

Forms: plural: bargains

Forms: bargained; bargained; bargaining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– barometer

barren capital

n. commercial and market information that indicates

n. money which is not generating profit

overall economic trends

barter

barrier32. base

barter34. base

base36.

35.

33.

31.

Forms: plural: barometers

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– barrier

barter

n. border; limit; obstacle; barricade

n. exchanging of goods and services; trade

Forms: plural: barriers

Forms: plural: barters

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– barter

base

v. to exchange goods and services

v. to establish; to found; to set up; to place on

Forms: bartered; bartered; bartering

Forms: based; based; basing

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

base

adj. low; despicable; ignoble

n. foundation; principal element; fundamental part

bearer

basis38. become

instrument40.

bearer

39.

37.

Forms: plural: bases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– basis

bearer

n. foundation; grounding

n. person who holds a money order

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: bearers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bearer instrument

become

n. a signed money order which is payable on demand to

v. to turn into; to develop into; to grow into

the holder Forms: became; become; becoming

behalf

becoming42.

41.

Forms: plural: bearer instruments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– becoming

behalf

adj. appropriate; noble

n. representing; in support of

behind

behavio(u)r44. behind

behind46. belief

book48.

beige

47.

45.

43.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– behavio(u)r

behind

n. manner of acting; conduct

n. rear; end; seat

Forms: plural: behavio(u)rs

Forms: plural: behinds

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– behind

behind

adv. late; tardy

prep. after; in back of

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– beige book

belief

n. report on current economic conditions, published by

n. opinion; creed; religion; faith; conviction

the Federal Reserve Board

below

believe50.

49.

Forms: plural: beige books

Forms: plural: beliefs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– believe

below

v. to have faith in; to assume; to suppose

prep. under; beneath; underneath

benchmark

below52.

51.

Forms: believed; believed; believing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– below

benchmark

adv. at a further point

n. criterion; measure; point of reference for comparison

beneath

beneath54.

53.

Forms: plural: benchmarks ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

beneficial

beneficent56. benefit

benefit58. between

between60. beyond

beverage62.

61.

59.

57.

55.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

beneath

prep. under; underneath

adv. under; below

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– beneficent

beneficial

adj. kind; good

adj. advantageous; pleasurable; enjoyable

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– benefit

benefit

v. to profit; to gain; to be advantageous

n. advantage; profit; aid; stipend

Forms: benefited; benefited; benefiting

Forms: plural: benefits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– between

between

prep. intermediate to; common; shared

adv. amid; in the middle

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– beverage

beyond

n. drink; refreshment

prep. further; more distant

bias

beyond64.

63.

Forms: plural: beverages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– beyond

bias

adv. past; further than

v. to prejudice; to influence opinions

bill

bias66. rate

birth

bill68. blame

blame70. blanket

blanket72.

71.

69.

67.

65.

Forms: biased; biased; biasing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bias

bill

n. prejudice; tendency; leaning

v. to charge; to announce; to advertise

Forms: plural: biases

Forms: billed; billed; billing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bill

birth rate

n. banknote; invoice; proposed law

n. number of babies that are born per year per thousand

Forms: plural: bills

Forms: plural: birth rates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– blame

blame

v. to accuse; to denounce

n. guilt; responsibility; liability

Forms: blamed; blamed; blaming

Forms: plural: blames

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– blanket

blanket

v. to cover; to coat

adj. comprehensive; inclusive

laws

sky

blue

blanket74.

73.

Forms: blanketed; blanketed; blanketing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

blanket

blue sky laws

n. bed covering; quilt

n. rules introduced by the government to regulate the trade of securities and mutual funds Forms: only plural

blunder

blunder76.

75.

Forms: plural: blankets

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– blunder

blunder

n. gross error; stupid mistake

v. to make a stupid mistake; to move back and forth in a clumsy manner Forms: blundered; blundered; blundering

board

board78.

77.

Forms: plural: blunders

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– board

board

n. management committee; food

v. to accommodate; to house; to enter (a plane, ship, bus, etc.) Forms: boarded; boarded; boarding

bond

room80.

boiler bonded

bond82.

81.

79.

Forms: plural: boards

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– boiler room

bond

n. a fraud scheme involving cold calling

v. to store in a warehouse

Forms: plural: boiler rooms

Forms: bonded; bonded; bonding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bond

bonded

n. link; connection; obligation; grasp; certificate of debt

adj. secured in a warehouse

book

bonus84. bookcase

book86. boost

boost88. border

border90.

89.

87.

85.

83.

Forms: plural: bonds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bonus

book

n. dividend; perk; monetary gift

v. to record; to order in advance; to inscribe; to indicate

Forms: plural: bonuses

Forms: booked; booked; booking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– book

bookcase

n. printed work which is bound together; bundle

n. shelves used to store printed items

Forms: plural: books

Forms: plural: bookcases

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– boost

boost

v. to raise; to push; to urge; to lift

n. push; lift; incentive; encouragement

Forms: boosted; boosted; boosting

Forms: plural: boosts

PHOTOCOPIABLE

bother

borrow92.

91.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

border

v. to be adjacent to

n. boundary; edge; limit

Forms: bordered; bordered; bordering

Forms: plural: borders

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– borrow

bother

v. to take on loan; to copy; to steal

v. to annoy; to harass; to worry; to make an effort; to be concerned

bothersome

bother94.

93.

Forms: borrowed; borrowed; borrowing

Forms: bothered; bothered; bothering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bother

bothersome

n. effort; nuisance

adj. annoying; irritating

bottom

bottom96.

95.

Forms: plural: bothers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bottom

bottom

n. base; foot; seat of a chair

v. to establish; to construct; to base; to provide a foundation

bound

bottom98.

97.

Forms: plural: bottoms

Forms: bottomed; bottomed; bottoming

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bottom

bound

adj. lower; under

n. limit; border

bound

bound100.

99.

Forms: plural: bounds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bound

bound

v. to jump; to leap

adj. obligated; certain; fastened; tied

box

box102. brake

brake104. branch

branch106.

105.

103.

101.

Forms: bounded; bounded; bounding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– box

box

v. to fight with fists; to put crates

n. case; crate; punch; hit

Forms: boxed; boxed; boxing

Forms: plural: boxes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– brake

brake

v. to stop a vehicle; to slow down a vehicle

n. device which is used to slow or stop a vehicle

Forms: braked; braked; braking

Forms: plural: brakes

PHOTOCOPIABLE

brand

brand108. break

breadth110. down

break

break112. breakthrough

breakdown114.

113.

111.

109.

107.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

branch

v. to fork; to divide into parts or sections

n. affiliate; office; industry; trade; business unit

Forms: branched; branched; branching

Forms: plural: branches

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– brand

brand

v. to mark with an iron; to disgrace; to condemn

n. trademark; type; make; variety; product name

Forms: branded; branded; branding

Forms: plural: brands

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– breadth

break

n. width; broadness

v. to shatter; to crack; to be cut off; to cancel

Forms: plural: breaths

Forms: broke; broken; breaking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– break

break down

n. fracture; pause; rest; opportunity; alteration

v. to fail; to collapse; to defeat; to overthrow; to descend

Forms: plural: breaks

Forms: broke down; broken down; breaking down

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– breakdown

breakthrough

n. collapse; crash; incident

n. progress; reaching a new level; removal of a barrier; penetration

brief

brief116.

115.

Forms: plural: break downs

Forms: plural: breakthroughs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– brief

brief

n. abstract; summary; concise report; instructions

v. to make a summary; to give a report; to inform; to instruct somebody

briefcase

brief118.

117.

Forms: plural: briefs

Forms: briefed; briefed; briefing

briefcase

adj. short; concise

n. small container for documents; tool for synchronizing files between two computers

broadcast

briefing120.

119.

Forms: plural: briefcases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– briefing

broadcast

n. short meeting; summarizing; giving and receiving

v. to transmit over the radio; to publicize; to advertise

instructions; reporting

brochure

broadcast122.

121.

Forms: plural: briefings

Forms: broadcast; broadcast; broadcasting

PHOTOCOPIABLE

broker

broker124. browse

brokered126.

125.

123.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

broadcast

brochure

n. transmission; dispatch; radio program

n. leaflet; booklet; printed product information

Forms: plural: broadcasts

Forms: plural: brochures

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– broker

broker

v. to act as a middleman; to buy and to sell property for

n. middleman; agent who buys and sells property or

other people

shares etc. for other people

Forms: brokered; brokered; brokering

Forms: plural: brokers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– brokered

browse

adj. negotiated by an intermediary; settled through a

v. to leaf through a book; to surf Internet websites

middleman

bubble

browser128. budget

budge130. budget

budget132.

131.

129.

127.

Forms: browsed; browsed; browsing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– browser

bubble

n. program used for viewing websites on the Internet

n. blister; gas-filled sac

Forms: plural: browsers

Forms: plural: bubbles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– budge

budget

v. to move; to be moved

n. financial framework; financial plan

Forms: budged; budged; budging

Forms: plural: budgets

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– budget

budget

v. to prepare a financial plan; to make financial

adj. inexpensive; cheap; of or relating to a financial plan

arrangements

building

build134.

133.

Forms: budgeted; budgeted; budgeting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– build

building

v. to construct; to create; to increase intensity; to

n. house; dwelling; structure; premises

energize

bulk

bulk136. transfer

bulk

bulk138.

137.

135.

Forms: built; built; building

Forms: plural: buildings

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bulk

bulk

n. volume; mass; main part; most

v. to inflate; to play an important role

Forms: plural: bulks

Forms: bulked; bulked; bulking

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

bulk

bulk transfer

adj. relating to or designed for the mass of people; large-

n. the sale of all or most of a company's inventory or

scale; widespread; popular

assets to another company

buoyant

bullion140.

139.

Forms: plural: bulk transfers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– bullion

buoyant

n. bars of gold; bars of silver

adj. floating; light; lively; cheerful

butcher

business142. button

button144. buyer

145.

143.

141.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– business

butcher

n. company; enterprise; trade; commerce; issue

n. meat cutter; meat slaughterer; owner of a meat shop

Forms: plural: businesses

Forms: plural: butchers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– button

button

v. to fasten; to connect

n. switch; icon to click on

Forms: buttoned; buttoned; buttoning

Forms: plural: buttons

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– buyer n. person who purchases something; client; customer; shopper; purchaser Forms: plural: buyers ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

C.C.O.

C.C.2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

C1.

C.C.

C.C.O.

abbr. secondary email address; copy of a document,

abbr. person who is responsible for ensuring that a

message, or email that is sent to a third party

company and its employees are in compliance with government regulations and internal policies Forms: Chief Compliance Officer (CCO)

C.F.O.

C.E.O.4. C.O.D.

C.I.O.6.

Forms: carbon copy (cc, CC)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– C.E.O.

C.F.O.

abbr. head manager of a corporation, company or large

abbr. treasurer; person who is responsible for all financial

organization

aspects of a company

Forms: Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Forms: Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– C.I.O.

C.O.D.

C.S.O.

C.O.O.8.

abbr. Chief Information Officer; person who is responsible abbr. cash payment to be made upon receipt of products for a company's internal information systems

or goods

Forms: Chief Information Officer (CIO)

Forms: cash on delivery (COD, c.o.d.)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– C.O.O.

C.S.O.

abbr. head manager of a company or large organization

abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for the security of a company's communications and business systems

C.V.

C.T.O.10.

Forms: Chief Operating Officer (COO)

Forms: Chief Security Officer (CSO)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– C.T.O.

C.V.

abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for

abbr. resume; chronological description of one's

research and development and possibly for new product

employment and educational history; biography

plans

cabinet

cab12.

11.

Forms: Chief Technology Officer (CTO)

Forms: Curriculum Vitae (CV)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cab

cabinet

n. taxi; carriage; driver's compartment

n. small room; piece of office furniture; office; part of a government

calculator

calculate14. calendar

calendar16.

15.

13.

Forms: plural: cabs

Forms: plural: cabinets

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– calculate

calculator

v. to estimate; to compute; to depend upon

n. small machine that makes computations

Forms: calculated; calculated; calculating

Forms: plural: calculators

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

calendar

v. to write down in a timetable; to register

n. chart showing the months of a year (including days and weeks); schedule; timetable Forms: plural: calendars

call

call18. campaign

campaign20.

19.

17.

Forms: calendared; calendared; calendaring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– call

call

v. to invite; to speak loudly; to visit; to phone

n. telephone conversation; visit; invitation; claim; need

Forms: called; called; calling

Forms: plural: calls

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– campaign

campaign

v. to conduct a series of activities organized to

n. series of activities organized to accomplish a goal

accomplish a goal Forms: plural: campaigns

cancellation

cancel22. candidate

candid24.

23.

21.

Forms: campaigned; campaigned; campaigning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cancel

cancellation

v. to call off; to annul; to terminate; to stop

n. nullification; termination; revocation

Forms: canceled; canceled; canceling

Forms: plural: cancellations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– candid

candidate

adj. honest; straightforward; open; frank

n. applicant; nominee; examinee

canvass

canvass26.

25.

Forms: plural: candidates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– canvass

canvass

v. to examine; to debate; to scrutinize; to solicit votes or

n. examination; careful inspection; debate

opinions

capable

capability28.

27.

Forms: canvassed, canvassed; canvassing

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– capability

capable

n. ability; skill; trait; characteristic; quality

adj. skilled; able; proficient; adept

capex

capacity30.

29.

Forms: plural: capabilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– capacity

capex

n. volume which can be contained or received; function;

n. refers to the cost of developing a product or system

role; feature; potential

capital

capital32.

31.

Forms: plural: capacities

Forms: CAPital EXpenditures

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

capital

n. property; financial means; assets; main city of a

adj. main; major; chief; principal

country of region

capitalization

requirement34.

capital

33.

Forms: plural: capitals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– capital requirement

capitalization

n. the level of monetary funding a company needs to run

n. process of turning money into profit

smoothly Forms: plural: capitalizations

capture

capitalize36. card

car38. care

card40.

39.

37.

35.

Forms: plural: capital requirements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– capitalize

capture

v. to turn into money; to turn profit; to finance

v. to copy; to photograph; to snapshot

Forms: capitalized; capitalized; capitalizing

Forms: captured; captured; capturing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– car

card

n. automobile; elevator; vehicle; ride

v. to ask for an identification (i.e. in a bar)

Forms: plural: cars

Forms: carded; carded; carding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– card

care

n. thin and flat object

v. to be concerned with; to look out for; to watch over; to like; to be fond of

career

care42.

41.

Forms: plural: cards

Forms: cared; cared; caring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– care

career

n. attention; concern; caution; supervision; management

v. to evolve; to make to progress; to grow professionally; to develop; to speed

careful

career44.

43.

Forms: no plural

Forms: careered; careered; careering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– career

careful

n. profession; development; progress; gradual growth

adj. cautious; particular; concentrated; meticulous

carpenter

cargo46.

45.

Forms: plural: careers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cargo

carpenter

n. freight; luggage; baggage; load

n. a person who makes things out of wood such as furniture

carpet

carpet48.

47.

Forms: plural: cargos

Forms: plural: carpenters

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

carpet

v. to cover or to furnish with textile materials; to

n. rug; fabric floor covering

reprimand; to scold Forms: plural: carpets

carrier

carriage50.

49.

Forms: carpeted; carpeted; carpeting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– carriage

carrier

n. coach; buggy; transportation

n. person or company that ships things; shipping company; truck Forms: plural: carriers

out

carry

carry52.

51.

Forms: plural: carriages

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– carry

carry out

v. to transport; to continue; to bear

v. to put into practice; to accomplish; to perform; to conduct Forms: carried out; carried out; carrying out

cart

cart54. case

case56. cash

cash58.

57.

55.

53.

Forms: carried; carried; carrying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cart

cart

v. to drag or to carry by force

n. car; wagon; coach; carriage; trolley

Forms: carted; carted; carting

Forms: plural: carts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– case

case

v. to pack; to crate; to box

n. occasion; instance; situation; bag

Forms: cased; cased; casing

Forms: plural: cases

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cash

cash

v. to exchange a check (or another money order) for

n. money in the form of coins and bank notes

coins and bank notes; to redeem

cast

reserves60.

cash

59.

Forms: cashed; cashed; cashing

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cash reserves

cast

n. bank deposits that are available on a short-term basis;

n. throw; team of actors; squint (of the eye)

treasury bills

catalog

cast62. categorize

catalog64.

63.

61.

Forms: only plural

Forms: plural: casts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cast

catalog

v. to throw; to project; to form; to shape

n. itemized list; index; directory

Forms: cast; cast; casting

Forms: plural: catalogs

PHOTOCOPIABLE

cater

category66. cause

catering68.

67.

65.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

catalog

categorize

v. to make an itemized list; to index; to classify

v. to arrange in groups; to classify; to sort; to structure

Forms: cataloged; cataloged; cataloging

Forms: categorized; categorized; categorizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– category

cater

n. class; division; section; segment

v. to provide; to supply (food, etc.); to care for

Forms: plural: categories

Forms: catered; catered; catering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– catering

cause

n. business of supplying and servicing food

n. reason; purpose; principle; factor; basis for a legal case Forms: plural: causes

caution

cause70. cautious

caution72.

71.

69.

Forms: plural: caterings

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cause

caution

v. to make happen; to bring about

n. notice; warning; caveat; carefulness; premonition

Forms: caused; caused; causing

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– caution

cautious

v. to warn; to notify of danger

adj. careful; wary; suspicious

cement

caveat74. central

cement76.

75.

73.

Forms: cautioned; cautioned; cautioning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– caveat

cement

n. caution; warning; admonition; suspension of

v. to reinforce; to bind together; to strengthen a

proceedings (law)

connection

Forms: plural: caveats

Forms: cemented; cemented; cementing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cement

central

n. concrete; mortar; bonding agent; filling (for teeth)

adj. main; principal; major

century

central78. certain

ceremony80.

79.

77.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– central

century

n. telephone exchange; operator; main bureau or office

n. period of one hundred years

Forms: plural: centrals

Forms: plural: centuries

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

ceremony

certain

n. rite; ritual; formality

adj. sure; definite; particular; specific

certificate

certainly82.

81.

Forms: plural: ceremonies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– certainly

certificate

adv. of course; surely; doubtlessly; definitely; absolutely

n. official document; license; reference; attestation

certify

certificate84. chain

chain86.

85.

83.

Forms: plural: certificates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– certificate

certify

v. to confirm; to license; to authorize

v. to confirm to be true; to authorize

Forms: certificated; certificated; certificating

Forms: certified; certified; certifying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– chain

chain

n. group of stores, outlets, banks etc., under one

v. to tie down

management

challenge

challenge88.

87.

Forms: plural: chains

Forms: chained; chained; chaining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– challenge

challenge

change

change90.

89.

n. difficult situation; something which tests one's ability to v. to dare; to invite to engage in a contest; to stimulate; to handle difficult tasks

test one's ability

Forms: plural: challenges

Forms: challenged; challenged; challenging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– change

change

n. replacement; alteration; shift; coins; money received

v. to alter; to replace; to become different

back after paying for goods

chapter

changeable92.

91.

Forms: plural: changes

Forms: changed; changed; changing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– changeable

chapter

adj. arbitrary; fickle; flexible

n. part of a book; phase; stage; local branch of an organization

characteristic

character94.

93.

Forms: plural: chapters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– character

characteristic

n. nature; disposition; attitude; figure; person; statement

n. trait; feature; ability; distinguishing quality; attribute

of qualities

characterize

characteristic96.

95.

Forms: plural: characters

Forms: plural: characteristics

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

characteristic

characterize

adj. typical; distinctive

v. to describe; to depict; to portray; to outline

charge

charge98. chart

chart100. cheap

cheap102. check

check104.

103.

101.

99.

97.

Forms: characterized; characterized; characterizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– charge

charge

n. price; cargo; responsibility

v. to entrust; to order; to command; to supply with power

Forms: plural: charges

Forms: charged; charged; charging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– chart

chart

n. graph; diagram

v. to make a graph; to draw; to diagram

Forms: plural: charts

Forms: charted; charted; charting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cheap

cheap

adj. opposite of expensive; inexpensive

adv. inexpensively

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– check

check

n. examination; money order; payment order; restaurant

v. to examine; to investigate; to inspect; to scrutinize

bill

cheque

chef106.

105.

Forms: plural: checks

Forms: checked; checked; checking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– chef

cheque

n. professional cook; head cook in a restaurant of hotel

n. written order directing a bank to pay a specific amount of money

choice

choice108.

107.

Forms: plural: chefs

Forms: plural: cheques

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– choice

choice

n. option; selection; variety

adj. select; fine; excellent

chop

choose110. chore

chop112. circle

circle114.

113.

111.

109.

Forms: plural: choices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– choose

chop

v. to select; to prefer; to pick; to make a choice

n. seal; trademark

Forms: chose; chose; chosen

Forms: plural: chops

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– chop

chore

v. to cut; to cut down; to cut into pieces; to mince

n. routine job; unpleasant task

Forms: chopped; chopped; chopping

Forms: plural: chores

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

circle

v. to surround

n. ring-shaped geometric figure; round figure; group; society Forms: plural: circles

circumstance

circumspect116.

115.

Forms: circled; circled; circling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– circumspect

circumstance

adj. careful; cautious

v. to place in particular situations

circumvent

circumstance118. citizen

citation120. city

citizenship122.

121.

119.

117.

Forms: circumstanced; circumstanced; circumstancing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– circumstance

circumvent

n. condition; influencing factor; situation

v. to by-pass; to side-step; to evade

Forms: plural: circumstances

Forms: circumvented; circumvented; circumventing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– citation

citizen

n. quotation; official praise; summons to a court of law

n. resident; native of a country

Forms: plural: citations

Forms: plural: citizens

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– citizenship

city

n. right to live in a country; condition of being a member

n. town; large urban area

of a country

claim

civic124.

123.

Forms: plural: citizenships

Forms: plural: cities

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– civic

claim

adj. pertaining to a city; pertaining to citizenship

n. lawsuit; request; right

classify

clarify126.

125.

Forms: plural: claims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clarify

classify

v. to make clear; to explain

v. to arrange systematically; to structure; to group; to sort; to make confidential

clear

clause128. clear

clear130.

129.

127.

Forms: clarified; clarified; clarifying

Forms: classified; classified; classifying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clause

clear

n. paragraph; section in a document; part of a contract

v. to clarify; to explain; to approve

Forms: plural: clauses

Forms: cleared; cleared; clearing

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

clear

adj. pure; obvious; easy to understand; comprehensible

n. deletion; act of unmarking; removal of a mark from a check box (Computers)

clearly

clearance132.

131.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clearance

clearly

n. release; approval; washing

adv. obviously; apparently; unmistakably

clerk

clerk134.

133.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clerk

clerk

v. to work as an employee (i.e. in the legal or bank

n. minor office worker; book-keeper; bureaucrat

business) Forms: plural: clerks

climate

client136.

135.

Forms: clerked; clerked; clerking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– client

climate

n. customer; buyer; computer that serves as a terminal

n. weather conditions; surrounding conditions; atmosphere; setting

climb

climb138.

137.

Forms: plural: clients

Forms: plural: climates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– climb

climb

v. to ascend; to up; to slope upward; to move upward

n. ascent

gradually

clip

clip140. clock

clipping142. close

clock144.

143.

141.

139.

Forms: climbed; climbed; climbing

Forms: plural: climbs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clip

clip

v. to cut off; to curtail; to trim off

n. clamp; fastener; shred; segment of video

Forms: clipped; clipped; clipping

Forms: plural: clips

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clipping

clock

n. article cut from a newspaper

v. to measure time; to register on a time piece

Forms: plural: clippings

Forms: clocked; clocked; clocking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– clock

n. timepiece; device for telling time

adv. nearby

close146.

145.

Forms: plural: clocks ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

clout

close148.

147.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

n. end; conclusion; plug

v. to shut; to be shut; to finish; to complete

Forms: plural: closes

Forms: closed; closed; closing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– close

clout

adj. near; adjacent; careful

n. pull; influence; power; weight

coach

coach150. coalition

coal152. code

code154. coherent

cognition156.

155.

153.

151.

149.

Forms: plural: clouts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– coach

coach

v. to train; to teach; to instruct; to guide; to counsel

n. trainer; tutor; teacher; bus

Forms: coached; coached; coaching

Forms: plural: coaches

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– coal

coalition

n. fuel made from carbon; cinder; ember

n. alliance; union; agreement

Forms: plural: coals

Forms: plural: coalitions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– code

code

v. to cipher

n. cipher; collection of instructions of the law

Forms: coded; coded; coding

Forms: plural: codes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cognition

coherent

n. awareness; perception

adj. sticking together; consistent

coin

cohesive158.

157.

Forms: plural: cognitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cohesive

coin

adj. sticking together; forming a unit or union; united;

v. to mint; to invent a new word or phrase

related to each other

coincidence

coin160.

159.

Forms: coined; coined; coining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– coin

coincidence

n. metal money; piece of stamped metal currency (as

n. chance occurrence; unforeseen event

opposed to paper bills)

collaboration

collaborate162.

161.

Forms: plural: coins

Forms: plural: coincidences

PHOTOCOPIABLE

collateral

collate164.

163.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

collaborate

collaboration

v. to work together; to cooperate

n. working together; cooperation

Forms: collaborated; collaborated; collaborating

Forms: plural: collaborations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collate

collateral

v. to compare in a critical manner; to verify; to collect; to

adj. of secondary importance; insignificant; corresponding

compile

colleague

collateral166. collect

collect168.

167.

165.

Forms: collated; collated; collating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collateral

colleague

n. security deposit

n. fellow worker; cowoker

Forms: plural: collaterals

Forms: plural: colleagues

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collect

collect

adj. having the receiver pay the charges (for a phone call) v. to gather; to garner; to assemble; to accumulate; to take payments

collectible

collectible170.

169.

Forms: collected; collected; collecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collectible

collectible

adj. payable; subject to or requiring payment especially

n. rare object

as specified

college

collection172.

171.

Forms: plural: collectibles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collection

college

n. selection; choice; assortment; accumulation

n. institution of higher education that grants degrees; type of school; council

colloquial

collide174.

173.

Forms: plural: collections

Forms: plural: colleges

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– collide

colloquial

v. to crash; to meet head on; to come together with solid

adj. conversational; not used in formal speaking or

or direct impact

writing; informal

combine

combination176. across

come

combine178.

177.

175.

Forms: collided; collided; colliding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– combination

combine

n. joining; union; an ordered sequence

v. to unite; to join; to come together; to become one

Forms: plural: combinations

Forms: combined; combined; combining

PHOTOCOPIABLE

comfort

along180.

come

179.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

combine

come across

n. harvesting machine

v. to happen upon; to find by chance; to discover; to see

Forms: plural: combines

Forms: came across; come across; coming across

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– come along

comfort

v. to accompany someone; to appear; to advance; to

v. to bring relief; to encourage; to console

succeed Forms: comforted; comforted; comforting

comfortable

comfort182.

181.

Forms: came along; come along; coming along

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comfort

comfortable

n. relief; consolation; coziness

adj. easy; relaxing; cosy; financially well to do

command

comforting184.

183.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comforting

command

adj. consoling; encouraging; reassuring; brining relief;

v. to rule; to control; to be in charge; to be in authority

heartening

comment

command186.

185.

Forms: commanded; commanded; commanding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– command

comment

n. order; direction; control; domination; headquarters

v. to make a remark; to explain; to write an explanatory note

commentary

comment188.

187.

Forms: plural: commands

Forms: commented; commented; commenting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comment

commentary

n. remark; note; statement; explanation

n. series of remarks; explanation (often written in essay or book form)

commercial

commerce190.

189.

Forms: plural: comments

Forms: plural: commentaries

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– commerce

commercial

n. trade; business; transactions; exchange of

adj. pertaining to business; pertaining to buying and

products/services and money

selling

commission

commercial192. commit

commission194.

193.

191.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– commercial

commission

n. television or radio advertisement

v. to contract; to empower; to authorize; to confer

Forms: plural: commercials

Forms: commissioned; commissioned; commissioning

PHOTOCOPIABLE

committed

commitment196.

195.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

commission

commit

n. percentage of profits earned by a salesperson

v. to perform; to do; to engage

Forms: plural: commissions

Forms: committed; committed; committing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– commitment

committed

n. obligation; promise

adj. obligated; engaged; industrious; ambitious; loyal

common

commodity198.

197.

Forms: plural: commitments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– commodity

common

n. merchandise; goods; item that is bought and sold;

adj. shared; ordinary; mediocre; average; public

something useful

communication

common200.

199.

Forms: plural: commodities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– common

communication

n. open public area in a city or town; park; square

n. exchange of information or ideas; transfer; passing along; letter; message

commuter

commute202. comparatively

company204.

203.

201.

Forms: plural: commons

Forms: plural: communications

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– commute

commuter

v. to exchange; to replace; to convert; to travel back and

n. person who travels back and forth between home and

forth regularly (i.e. to work)

work

Forms: commuted; commuted; commuting

Forms: plural: commuters

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– company

comparatively

n. corporation; firm; ensemble; association with another

adv. relatively

compare

compare206.

205.

Forms: plural: companies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– compare

compare

v. to show how (people or things) are alike or different; to n. contrast consider to be similar

compartmentalize

comparison208.

207.

Forms: compared; compared; comparing

Forms: plural: compares

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comparison

compartmentalize

n. pointing out of similarities and differences; similarity;

v. to separate into sections; to partition

likeness Forms: plural: comparisons

Forms: compartmentalized; compartmentalized;

compatible

compatible210.

209.

compartmentalizing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

compatible

adj. congruous

n. piece of equipment which can be used with other machines without alternation

compensate

compel212. compete

compensation214. competition

competent216.

215.

213.

211.

Forms: plural: compatibles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– compel

compensate

v. to force; to coerce; to influence; to impose; to demand

v. to reward; to reimburse; to pay back; to make up for

Forms: compelled; compelled; compelling

Forms: compensated; compensated; compensating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– compensation

compete

n. repayment; something done to make up for (a loss,

v. to contest; to contend against another; to participate in

deficiency or fault)

a contest

Forms: plural: compensations

Forms: competed; competed; competing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– competent

competition

adj. adept; capable; suitably skilled; well qualified;

n. rivalry; contest; act of competing against another

experienced

competitor

competitive218.

217.

Forms: plural: competitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– competitive

competitor

adj. involving rivalry; tending to contest

n. rival; (i.e. Coca Cola and Pepsi); person who participates in a contest

complain

complacent220.

219.

Forms: plural: competitors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– complacent

complain

adj. content; self-satisfied; comfortable; smug

v. to find fault; to express displeasure; to protest

complete

complaint222.

221.

Forms: complained; complained; complaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– complaint

complete

n. finding fault; act of expressing displeasure; pleading

adj. whole; perfect; finished

entered by a plaintiff (Law)

completion

complete224. compliant

complex226.

225.

223.

Forms: plural: complaints –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– complete

completion

v. to make whole; to finish; to perfect

n. finishing; finalizing

Forms: completed; completed; completing

Forms: no plural

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

complex

compliant

n. compound; various objects that for m a unit

adj. obedient; submissive; obliging; yielding; acquiescent

complicated

complicate228.

227.

Forms: plural: complexes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– complicate

complicated

v. to confuse; to make hard to understand; to make

adj. confusing; hard to understand; difficult; complex

difficult; to make complex

comply

compliment230. compose

component232.

231.

229.

Forms: complicated; complicated; complicating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– compliment

comply

n. expression of admiration; word of praise for someone

v. to submit; to consent; to obey; to agree with

Forms: plural: compliments

Forms: complied; complied; complying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– component

compose

n. ingredient; single piece which forms part of a larger

v. to create; to write; to relax; to calm oneself; to settle

unit; part; constituent; element

composure

composition234. comprehensive

comprehend236.

235.

233.

Forms: plural: components

Forms: composed; composed; composing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– composition

composure

n. make-up; constitution; essay

n. serenity; self-control; calmness; coolness

Forms: plural: compositions

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comprehend

comprehensive

v. to understand; to contain; to grasp; to absorb; to

adj. including a lot; large in scope; extensive

perceive

compromise

comprise238. compute

compromise240.

239.

237.

Forms: comprehended; comprehended; comprehending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– comprise

compromise

v. to include; to contain; to consist

v. to establish an agreement; to settle a dispute

Forms: comprised; comprised; comprising

Forms: compromised; compromised; compromising

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– compromise

compute

n. agreement; settling of a disagreement by making

v. to calculate; to figure; to estimate

mutual concessions

conceive

conceal242.

241.

Forms: plural: compromises

Forms: computed; computed; computing

PHOTOCOPIABLE

concept

concentrate244. concern

conceptualize246. concerning

concern248.

247.

245.

243.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

conceal

conceive

v. to hide; to keep secret; to cover up

v. to understand; to comprehend; to grasp

Forms: concealed; concealed; concealing

Forms: conceived; conceived; conceiving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– concentrate

concept

v. to focus; to pay attention

n. plan; idea; thought; structure; system

Forms: concentrated; concentrated; concentrating

Forms: plural: concepts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conceptualize

concern

v. to plan; to design; to imagine; to conceive; to envision

v. to involve; to affect; to worry; to interest; to relate to

Forms: conceptualized; conceptualized; conceptualizing

Forms: concerned; concerned; concerning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– concern

concerning

n. worry; issue; problem; group of companies; large

prep. about

corporation

conclusion

conclude250. concrete

concoct252.

251.

249.

Forms: plural: concerns –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conclude

conclusion

v. to finish; to infer; to deduce; to make a decision

n. end; deduction; cognition; final decision

Forms: concluded; concluded; concluding

Forms: plural: conclusions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– concoct

concrete

v. to invent; to create; to contrive; to think up

adj. tangible; real; substantial; solid

concrete

concrete254. condition

concur256.

255.

253.

Forms: concocted; concocted; concocting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– concrete

concrete

n. cement; something tangible (idea, object, etc.)

v. to solidify

Forms: no plural

Forms: concreted; concreted; concreting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– concur

condition

v. to agree; to harmonize; to coincide; to collaborate; to

n. situation; requirement; circumstance; stipulation

consent

conduct

condition258.

257.

Forms: concurred; concurred; concurring

Forms: plural: conditions

PHOTOCOPIABLE

conference

conduct260. confident

confidence262.

261.

259.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

condition

conduct

v. to train; to accustom; to adapt; to stipulate; to prepare

n. behavior; management

Forms: conditioned; conditioned; conditioning

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conduct

conference

v. to behave; to manage; to carry out; to transmit

n. meeting; seminar; convention

Forms: conducted; conducted; conducting

Forms: plural: conferences

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– confidence

confident

n. trust; certainty; faith in oneself; secret

adj. certain; sure of oneself; composed

confirm

confidential264.

263.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– confidential

confirm

adj. classified; secret; strictly private

v. to approve; to verify; to ascertain

confuse

confirmation266.

265.

Forms: confirmed; confirmed; confirming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– confirmation

confuse

n. formal approval; proof; verification; religious ceremony

v. to embarrass; to mix up; to muddle up; to bewilder; to startle

congruent

confusion268.

267.

Forms: plural: confirmations

Forms: confused; confused; confusing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– confusion

congruent

n. disorder; embarrassment; bewilderment

adj. identical; corresponding; in agreement; harmonious

conjure

conjunction270. conscientious

connote272.

271.

269.

Forms: plural: confusions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conjunction

conjure

n. connection; link; uniting; joining

v. to appeal; to summon; to invoke; to implore

Forms: plural: conjunctions

Forms: conjured; conjured; conjuring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– connote

conscientious

v. to imply; to suggest; to hint

adj. careful; wanting to do what is right

conscious

conscientiously274. consciousness

consciously276.

275.

273.

Forms: connoted; connoted; connoting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conscientiously

conscious

adv. dutifully; with care; thoroughly

adj. aware; awake; attentive

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

consciously

consciousness

adv. knowingly; with awareness

n. awareness; cognition; ability to perceive

consequently

consecutive278. conservative

conservative280.

279.

277.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consecutive

consequently

adj. sequential; following one after another

adv. as a result; therefore

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conservative

conservative

adj. resisting change; desiring to preserve traditions;

n. person who is resistant to change; person who favors

cautious

traditional political parties

conserve

conserve282. consideration

consider284.

283.

281.

Forms: plural: conservatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conserve

conserve

v. to protect; to guard from harm

n. marmalade; jam

Forms: conserved; conserved; conserving

Forms: plural: conserves

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consider

consideration

v. to think over; to believe; to regard; to take into account

n. payment; thoughtfulness; respectfulness; careful attention

consignment

considering286.

285.

Forms: considered; considered; considering

Forms: plural: considerations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– considering

consignment

prep. taking into account; in light of

n. delivery; dispatch; conveyance

consistency

consist288.

287.

Forms: plural: consignments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consist

consistency

v. to be composed of; to be made up of

n. material coherence; firmness; persistence; steadfastness

consistently

consistent290. constant

consortium292. constrain

constant294.

293.

291.

289.

Forms: consisted; consisted; consisting

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consistent

consistently

adj. coherent; steadfast; firm

adv. regularly; persistently; steadily; stably

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consortium

constant

n. partnership; association

n. number with a fixed value; factor

Forms: plural: consortiums

Forms: plural: constants

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

constant

constrain

adj. firm; faithful; persistent; unbending; adamant

v. to compel; to reinforce; to oblige; to coerce

construction

constraint296. consultancy

construe298.

297.

295.

Forms: constrained; constrained; constraining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– constraint

construction

n. restriction; force; limitation; limit

n. building; structure; the industry of erecting buildings

Forms: plural: constraints

Forms: plural: constructions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– construe

consultancy

v. to interpret; to see; to perceive

n. the practice of giving expert advice within a particular field Forms: plural: consultancies

consume

consultant300.

299.

Forms: construed; construed; construing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consultant

consume

n. advisor (adviser); counselor; coach; person who gives

v. to eat or drink; to use up; to destroy

professional advice

consumption

consumer302. contact

contact304.

303.

301.

Forms: plural: consultants

Forms: consumed; consumed; consuming

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– consumer

consumption

n. buyer; client

n. using up

Forms: plural: consumers

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contact

contact

v. to establish communication; to make a connection; to

n. link; connection; touch; interface

link to; to connect with

contemporary

contain306.

305.

Forms: contacted; contacted; contacting

Forms: plural: contacts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contain

contemporary

v. to include; to hold back; to restrain; to keep under

adj. modern; current

control

content

contemporary308.

307.

Forms: contained; contained; containing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contemporary

content

n. person living at about the same time as another person adj. satisfied; pleased

content

content310.

309.

Forms: plural: contemporaries ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

contest

contest312. continue

context314.

313.

311.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

content

n. substance; component; all that is inside of something

v. to satisfy; to please; to meet a request

Forms: plural: contents

Forms: contented; contented; contenting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contest

contest

v. to fight for; to challenge; to appeal

n. competition

Forms: contested; contested; contesting

Forms: plural: contests

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– context

continue

n. connection; overall situation; background

v. to go on; to keep doing something; to last; to perpetuate Forms: continued; continued; continuing

continuous

continuity316.

315.

Forms: plural: contexts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– continuity

continuous

n. stability; consistency; continuousness; unbroken

adj. successive; uninterrupted; permanent

succession

contract

contract318. contrary

contractor320.

319.

317.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contract

contract

v. to create a formal agreement; to bind legally; to obtain

n. agreement; pact; deal

Forms: contracted; contracted; contracting

Forms: plural: contracts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contractor

contrary

n. person or company that does a particular job or

adv. in opposition; against; counter

assignment

contrary

contrary322.

321.

Forms: plural: contractors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contrary

contrary

n. something which is opposite

adj. opposed

control

contrive324.

323.

Forms: plural: contraries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– contrive

control

v. to devise; to invent; to dream up; to design (often in a

n. rule; command; supervision; restraint

negative way)

convenience

controlling326.

325.

Forms: contrived; contrived; contriving

Forms: plural: controls

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

controlling

convenience

adj. ruling; supervising; regulating; managing; restraining

n. comfort; fitness or suitability for performing an action

convention

convenient328.

327.

Forms: plural: conveniences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– convenient

convention

adj. comfortable; useful; serviceable

n. conference; routine; custom; treaty

converge

conventional330.

329.

Forms: plural: conventions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conventional

converge

adj. customary; routine; formal

v. to meet; to assemble to gather; to get together

conversation

conversant332.

331.

Forms: converged; converged; converging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conversant

conversation

adj. well-versed; proficient; skilled

n. talk; dialog; discussion; verbal exchange

conveyance

convey334. convince

conviction336.

335.

333.

Forms: plural: conversations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– convey

conveyance

v. to carry; to impart or to communicate by statement,

n. the act of transferring a property title from one person

suggestion, gesture or appearance

to another

Forms: conveyed; conveyed; conveying

Forms: plural: conveyances

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– conviction

convince

n. acknowledgment; strong persuasion or belief;

v. to persuade; to influence; to prove

condemnation

cook

cook338. coordinate

cooperation340.

339.

337.

Forms: plural: convictions

Forms: convinced; convinced; convincing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cook

cook

v. to prepare food by heating; to falsify account records

n. a person who prepares food

Forms: cooked; cooked; cooking

Forms: plural: cooks

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cooperation

coordinate

n. collaboration; working together

adj. equal; equivalent; of equal rank or authority

coordinate

coordinate342.

341.

Forms: plural: cooperations ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

copy

cope344. cordially

copy346.

345.

343.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

coordinate

n. reference point; geographical location

v. to arrange in proper order

Forms: plural: coordinates

Forms: coordinated; coordinated; coordinating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cope

copy

v. to manage in spite of difficulty; to struggle successfully

v. to duplicate; to imitate

Forms: coped; coped; coping

Forms: copied; copied; copying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– copy

cordially

n. duplicate; photostat

adv. in a friendly manner; warmly

corner

corner348.

347.

Forms: plural: copies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– corner

corner

v. to hold at bay; to gain advantage on the market; to

n. place where two surfaces meet; angle

approach; to catch; to trap

corporate

corp.350.

349.

Forms: cornered; cornered; cornering

Forms: plural: corners

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– corp.

corporate

abbr. large company; firm; business

adj. common; shared; collective

correct

correct352.

351.

Forms: corporation –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– correct

correct

adj. right; proper; exact; accurate

v. to make right; to amend

corrupt

correlation354.

353.

Forms: corrected; corrected; correcting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– correlation

corrupt

n. mutual connection (between two or more things);

adj. spoiled; immoral; dishonest; perverted

similarity; parallel

corruption

corrupt356.

355.

Forms: plural: correlations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– corrupt

corruption

v. to cause to be dishonest; to pervert; to spoil

n. dishonesty; immorality; irregularity; unlawfulness; illegality

cost

cost358.

357.

Forms: corrupted; corrupted; corruption

Forms: no plural

PHOTOCOPIABLE

counsel

council360.

359.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

cost

v. to have a price; to require payment; to set a price

n. price; expense

Forms: cost; cost; costing

Forms: plural: costs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– council

counsel

n. assembly; board; group of people (gathered to advise,

v. to advise; to instruct; to coach; to advocate

plan, etc.) Forms: counseled; counseled; counseling

counter

counsel362.

361.

Forms: plural: councils

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– counsel

counter

n. advice; person who gives advice; attorney; lawyer

pref. against; opposed

counter

counter364. counterbalance

counter366.

365.

363.

Forms: plural: counsels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– counter

counter

n. bar; counting device

v. to oppose; to retaliate; to react; to strike back

Forms: plural: counters

Forms: countered; countered; countering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– counter

counterbalance

adv. against; in contrast to

v. to act against; to oppose (with an equal weight, force etc.) Forms: counterbalanced; counterbalanced;

couple

counterbalance368. coupon

couple370.

369.

367.

counterbalancing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– counterbalance

couple

n. equal weight or power acting in opposition

v. to connect; to join; to link

Forms: plural: counterbalances

Forms: coupled; coupled; coupling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– couple

coupon

n. pair; group of two

n. printed form that entitles the holder to certain rights such as in a discount

course

courier372.

371.

Forms: plural: couples

Forms: plural: coupons

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– courier

course

n. messenger; company that delivers messages,

v. to hunt; to pursue; to run over; to race

documents, parcels, etc.

court

course374.

373.

Forms: plural: couriers

Forms: coursed; coursed; coursing

PHOTOCOPIABLE

courteously

court376.

375.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

course

court

n. direction; series of lessons or training units; layer; part

v. to seek to please; to flatter; to seek to gain the

of a meal

affections of someone

Forms: plural: courses

Forms: courted; courted; courting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– court

courteously

n. yard; formal reception; place where legal trials take

adv. politely; respectfully; graciously

place

cover

courtesy378. coverage

cover380. craft

craft382. crate

crafted384.

383.

381.

379.

377.

Forms: plural: courts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– courtesy

cover

n. politeness; good manners; cordiality; civility

v. to encase; to review; to protect; to include; to insure

Forms: plural: courtesies

Forms: covered; covered; covering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cover

coverage

n. insurance; shelter; casing; front; lid

n. survey; review; news reporting; insurance

Forms: plural: covers

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– craft

craft

v. to shape with skill

n. trade; skill; occupation; boat; plane

Forms: crafted; crafted; crafting

Forms: plural: crafts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– crafted

crate

adj. produced; made; manufactured

v. to pack in a box

create

crate386. creativity

creative388.

387.

385.

Forms: crated; crated; crating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– crate

create

n. wooden box; old car; old plane

v. to produce; to design; to make; to manufacture

Forms: plural: crates

Forms: created; created; creating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– creative

creativity

adj. inventive; innovative; artistic

n. innovativeness; inventiveness

credit

credible390.

389.

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

credible

credit

adj. reliable; trustworthy; dependable

v. to believe; to have faith in; to supply goods by deferred payment

risk

credit

credit392.

391.

Forms: credited; credited; credited –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– credit

credit risk

n. money (in a bank account); trust; confidence; respect

n. the prospect that a bond issuer will fail to make required debt payments Forms: plural: credit risks

crew

creditor394.

393.

Forms: plural: credits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– creditor

crew

n. person or organization that lends something; lender;

n. group of people working together; team

loaner; moneylender

critical

criterion396.

395.

Forms: plural: creditors

Forms: plural: crews

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– criterion

critical

n. standard against which something is measured; factor; adj. judgmental; important; crucial; vital discipline

crop

criticize398.

397.

Forms: plural: criteria –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– criticize

crop

v. to disapprove; to censure; to find fault

n. harvest; produce (Agriculture); group; whip; short haircut

crowd

crop400. crowded

crowd402.

401.

399.

Forms: criticized; criticizing

Forms: plural: crops

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– crop

crowd

v. to harvest; to cut short; to clip

n. public; large group of people; gathering

Forms: cropped; cropped; cropping

Forms: plural: crowds

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– crowd

crowded

v. to gather together; to group together; to press in

adj. full; packed; crammed together

cruise

crucial404.

403.

Forms: crowded; crowded; crowding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– crucial

cruise

adj. very important; critical; decisive; vital

n. traveling on a ship; sea voyage; sailing

crux

cruise406.

405.

Forms: plural: cruises ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

cruise

crux

v. to sail; to move at a moderate speed; to travel; to

n. heart of the matter; main point

coast; to drive along slowly Forms: plural: cruces or cruxes

cure

cuisine408.

407.

Forms: cruised; cruised; cruising

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cuisine

cure

n. style of cooking; national food

n. method or course that restores health; prescribed treatment for an illness Forms: plural: cures

curious

cure410.

409.

Forms: plural: cuisines

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cure

curious

v. to restore to health; to make well; to correct a bad

adj. inquisitive; desiring to know and understand; odd;

habit; to preserve food

strange; rare

current

currency412. curt

current414.

413.

411.

Forms: cured; cured; curing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– currency

current

n. national money of a country; circulation; custom;

n. flow (of water, electricity, etc.); process; tendency;

prevalence

direction

Forms: plural: currencies

Forms: plural: currents

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– current

curt

adj. recent; common; prevalent; present; popular

adj. brief; blunt; rude

cushion

curtly416.

415.

Forms: curter; curtest –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– curtly

cushion

adv. briefly; bluntly; rudely

n. pillow; soft padded object

custom

cushion418. customize

customer420.

419.

417.

Forms: plural: cushions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cushion

custom

v. to reduce; to protect; to soften; to upholster

n. habit; tradition; convention

Forms: cushioned; cushioned; cushioning

Forms: plural: customs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– customer

customize

n. client; buyer; person who buys a product or service

v. to make or to fit according to individual needs or desires; to personalize; to individualize

cutback

customs422.

421.

Forms: plural: customers

Forms: customized; customized; customizing

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

customs

cutback

n. government department responsible for collecting

n. reduction; curtailing; decrease

taxes on imports

cycle

cycle424.

423.

Forms: only plural

Forms: plural: cutbacks

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– cycle

cycle

v. to ride a bike

n. series (of stories, articles, reports etc.); recurring period of time

Forms: cycled; cycled; cycling

Forms: plural: cycles

PHOTOCOPIABLE

daily

daily2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

D1.

daily

n. newspaper that is published 5 to 7 times a week

adj. occurring on a regular basis

damage

damage4. dash

danger6. date

dash8. deal

deadline10.

Forms: plural: dailies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– damage

damage

n. injury; harm

v. to cause harm; to cause injury; to destroy partly

Forms: plural: damages

Forms: damaged; damaged; damaging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– danger

dash

n. risk; peril; hazard

n. hyphen; drop; pinch; rush; sprint

Forms: plural: dangers

Forms: plural: dashes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dash

date

v. to move with sudden speed; to bolt; to shatter; to hurl;

n. day, month and year according to the calendar;

to cast

interview; meeting

Forms: dashed; dashed; dashing

Forms: plural: dates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deadline

deal

n. time when a project; assignment; task or job must be

n. agreement; business transaction; exchange; amount

completed or turned in

dealer

deal12.

11.

Forms: plural: deadlines

Forms: plural: deals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deal

dealer

v. to provide; to offer; to distribute; to supply; to sell; to

n. supplier; seller; merchant; agent; sales representative

trade

debate

dealing14.

13.

Forms: dealt; dealt; dealing

Forms: plural: dealers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dealing

debate

n. manner of doing business; behavior; distribution; giving n. argument; dispute; discussion; conversation out

debris

debate16. debut

debt18.

17.

15.

Forms: plural: dealings

Forms: plural: debates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– debate

debris

v. to argue; to discuss; to consider; to ponder

n. rubble; ruins; wreckage; fragments

Forms: debated; debated; debating

Forms: no plural

PHOTOCOPIABLE

decade

debut20.

19.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

debt

debut

n. obligation; something owed (i.e. money)

n. opening of a show; first public appearance

Forms: plural: debts

Forms: plural: debuts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– debut

decade

v. to perform for the first time; to make one's premiere

n. ten years; group of tens

performance Forms: plural: decades

decision

decide22.

21.

Forms: debuted; debuted; debuting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– decide

decision

v. to choose; to select from several options; to conclude;

n. determination; resolution; ruling (especially in court)

to resolve Forms: plural: decisions

declare

declaration24.

23.

Forms: decided; decided; deciding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– declaration

declare

n. statement; proclamation; announcement

v. to proclaim; to make a statement; to make a full statement of (one's taxable or dutiable property)

decline

decline26. decrease

decrease28. dedication

dedicate30.

29.

27.

25.

Forms: plural: declarations

Forms: declared; declared; declaring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– decline

decline

n. downward; descent; slope; ebb

v. to refuse; to go down; to decrease; to fall

Forms: plural: declines

Forms: declined; declined; declining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– decrease

decrease

n. decline; reduction; lessening

v. to reduce; to lessen; to decline

Forms: plural: decreases

Forms: decreased; decreased; decreasing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dedicate

dedication

default

surrender32.

deed defect

default34.

33.

31.

v. to devote to; to set apart for; to inscribe (a book, poem, n. setting apart; devotion; inscription (in a book, poem, song, story, etc.) to someone

etc.)

Forms: dedicated; dedicated; dedicating

Forms: plural: dedications

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deed of surrender

default

n. a legal document that temporarily transfers a property

v. to fail to perform a duty; to fail to pay on time; to fail to

from one individual to another

appear in court

Forms: plural: deeds of surrender

Forms: defaulted; defaulted; defaulting

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

default

defect

n. failure to perform a duty; option on a computer which is v. to desert; to abandon; to change sides automatically selected Forms: defected; defected; defecting

defend

defect36. define

defense38. degree

definition40.

39.

37.

35.

Forms: plural: defaults

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– defect

defend

n. deficiency; flaw

v. to protect; to secure; to vindicate

Forms: plural: defects

Forms: defended; defended; defending

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– defense

define

n. protection; security; rampart; shield

v. to explain; to clarify; to limit; to set boundaries

Forms: plural: defenses

Forms: defined; defined; defining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– definition

degree

n. explanation; meaning; interpretation (as of a word or

n. rank; extent; university certificate

term)

delay

delay42.

41.

Forms: plural: definitions

Forms: plural: degrees

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– delay

delay

v. to postpone; to hinder; to linger; to move slowly; to

n. postponement; hindrance; hold-up; stopping; lingering

loiter

delegate

delegate44. deliberately

delete46.

45.

43.

Forms: delayed; delayed; delaying

Forms: plural: delays

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– delegate

delegate

v. to authorize; to appoint as representative; to pass a

n. representative; deputy; agent; participant of a

duty or responsibility on to someone else

conference, convention, seminar etc.

Forms: delegated; delegated; delegating

Forms: plural: delegates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– delete

deliberately

v. to remove totally; to erase; to eliminate

adv. intentionally; purposefully; methodically

deliver

delicious48.

47.

Forms: deleted; deleted; deleting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– delicious

deliver

adj. tasty; having a pleasant taste or smell

v. to convey; to give; to bring; to distribute; to express

demand

delivery50.

49.

Forms: delivered; delivered; delivering ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

demeanor

demand52. demolish

demographics54. demonstration

demonstrate56.

55.

53.

51.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

delivery

demand

n. distribution; liberation; transference

v. to claim; to require; to request strongly

Forms: plural: deliveries

Forms: demanded; demanded; demanding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– demand

demeanor

n. claim; requirement; strong request

n. behavior; conduct; bearing; appearance

Forms: plural: demands

Forms: plural: demeanors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– demographics

demolish

n. study of the statistical characteristics of a population

v. to destroy; to ruin; to tear down; to remove

Forms: only plural

Forms: demolished; demolished, demolishing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– demonstrate

demonstration

v. to present; to show or illustrate something through

n. exhibition; explanation; showing

example, or physical demonstrations

denominator

denial58.

57.

Forms: demonstrated; demonstrated; demonstrating

Forms: plural: demonstrations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– denial

denominator

n. refusal to accept; refusal to believe; refusal to

n. shared characteristic; common feature

recognize

density

dense60.

59.

Forms: plural: denials

Forms: plural: denominators

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dense

density

adj. compact; having a high mass per unit volume; close

n. compactness; closeness

depart

deny62.

61.

Forms: plural: densities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deny

depart

v. to say that something is not true; to refuse; to renounce v. to leave; to go away; to go in a different direction; to die

departmental

department64.

63.

Forms: denied; denied; denying

Forms: departed; departed; departing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– department

departmental

n. division of a company; section; area

adj. arranged in divisions; divisional; concerning an office

depend

departure66.

65.

Forms: plural: departments ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

dependent

dependent68.

67.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

departure

depend

n. leaving; going away; opposite of arrival

v. to rely on; to trust; to be supported by

Forms: plural: departures

Forms: depended; depended; depending

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dependent

dependent

adj. relying on; needing (the help or support of another

n. one who relies on another especially for financial

person); conditional; contingent

support

deploy

depict70. deposit

deposit72. describe

deregulation74.

73.

71.

69.

Forms: plural: dependents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– depict

deploy

v. to describe; to illustrate; to characterize; to portray; to

v. to speak out; to move into a position of readiness and

elucidate

availability

Forms: depicted; depicted; depicting

Forms: deployed; deployed; deploying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deposit

deposit

v. to put a sum of money in a bank for safekeeping; to

n. sum of money that has been put in a bank for

pay in part; to set down

safekeeping; partial payment; pledge

Forms: deposited; deposited; depositing

Forms: plural: deposits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– deregulation

describe

n. transferal of ownership from government to private

v. to illustrate; to explain; to characterize; to elucidate

hands; privatization

deserve

description76. design

design78. despite

desk80.

79.

77.

75.

Forms: plural: deregulations

Forms: described; described; describing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– description

deserve

n. explanation; illustration; instruction

v. to be worthy of; to have a right to

Forms: plural: descriptions

Forms: deserved; deserved; deserving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– design

design

v. to create; to conceive; to produce; to conceptualize

n. plan; sketch; model; layout; structure

Forms: designed; designed; designing

Forms: plural: designs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– desk

despite

n. office table

prep. notwithstanding

destroy

destination82.

81.

Forms: plural: desks ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

destination

destroy

n. place where one is going; the purpose for which

v. to demolish; to ruin; to destruct; to erase

something is destined Forms: destroyed; destroyed; destroying

detail

destruction84. detailed

detail86.

85.

83.

Forms: plural: destinations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– destruction

detail

n. ruin; desolation; annihilation

v. to list; to describe; to specify; to assign

Forms: plural: destructions

Forms: detailed; detailed; detailing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– detail

detailed

n. item; piece of information; part of a whole

adj. itemized; marked by thoroughness in treating small items or parts

determine

detect88. developer

develop90.

89.

87.

Forms: plural: details –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– detect

determine

v. to discover; to discern; to find out

v. to decide; to define; to conclude; to cause; to affect

Forms: detected; detected; detecting

Forms: determined; determined; determining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– develop

developer

v. to build; to create; to design; to grow

n. person who creates something; chemical substance used in photography

device

development92.

91.

Forms: developed; developed; developing

Forms: plural: developers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– development

device

n. evolvement; gradual growth; evolution; maturation;

n. apparatus; appliance; gadget; trick; scheme

progression

dial

devise94.

93.

Forms: plural: developments

Forms: plural: devices

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– devise

dial

v. to plan; to invent; to design

v. to press buttons; to place a phone call by pressing buttons

diary

dial96.

95.

Forms: devised; devised; devising

Forms: dialed; dialed; dialing; dialed; dialed; dialing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dial

diary

n. rotatable disk on a telephone

n. written account of daily events and occurrences; journal; daily calendar; log book; blog

dictate

dictate98.

97.

Forms: plural: dials

Forms: plural: diaries

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

dictate

v. to say something aloud for someone to write down; to

n. ruling principle; command; decree

command; to order; to impose Forms: plural: dictates

diet

diet100. difference

dietician102. difficult

different104. digital

difficulty106.

105.

103.

101.

99.

Forms: dictated; dictated; dictating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– diet

diet

v. to limit the amount of food eaten; to eat only certain

n. nourishment; nutrition; food and drink; regimen; weight

kinds of food

loss plan

Forms: dieted; dieted; dieting

Forms: plural: diets

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dietician

difference

n. nutritionist; expert on nutrition

n. distinction; unusual quality; disagreement; remainder

Forms: plural: dieticians

Forms: plural: differences

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– different

difficult

adj. not the same; unusual; distinctive

adj. hard; troublesome; complicated; complex

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– difficulty

digital

n. problem; challenge; hardship; trouble

adj. using numbers; with numbers

diligent

dignity108.

107.

Forms: plural: difficulties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dignity

diligent

n. respected position; honor; nobility

adj. ambitious; industrious; hard-working

direct

direct110. direction

direct112. directly

directly114. directory

director116.

115.

113.

111.

109.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– direct

direct

adj. straight; forthright; clear

adv. clearly; in a straightforward manner

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– direct

direction

v. to guide; to lead; to instruct; to manage; to supervise

n. guidance; supervision; conducting; management

Forms: directed; directed; directing

Forms: plural: directions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– directly

directly

conj. immediately following; the moment that; as soon as

adv. clearly; straight; frankly; immediately; soon

PHOTOCOPIABLE

disappear

disagree118.

117.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

director

directory

n. boss; supervisor; manager; head

n. guidebook; library; catalog

Forms: plural: directors

Forms: plural: directories

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disagree

disappear

v. to have different opinions; to differ

v. to go out of sight; to become extinct; to cease to exist; to vanish Forms: disappeared; disappeared; disappearing

discard

discard120. discipline

discern122.

121.

119.

Forms: disagreed; disagreed; disagreeing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discard

discard

v. to throw away; to get rid of

n. garbage; refuse; scrap

Forms: discarded; discarded; discarding

Forms: plural: discards

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discern

discipline

v. to distinguish; to perceive; to recognize; to discriminate n. training

disclaimer

disclaim124. discount

discount126. discouraged

discourage128.

127.

125.

123.

Forms: discerned; discerned; discerning

Forms: plural: disciplines

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disclaim

disclaimer

v. to deny connection with; to renounce; to repudiate; to

n. statement which denies responsibility or affiliation;

disavow

repudiation; denial

Forms: disclaimed; disclaimed; disclaiming

Forms: plural: disclaimers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discount

discount

v. to reduce the price of; to mark down; to ignore

n. price reduction; rebate

Forms: discounted; discounted; discounting

Forms: plural: discounts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discourage

discouraged

v. to cause to lose heart; to deter; to dissuade; to show

adj. deprived of hope or confidence; dissuaded from

disapproval of; to derail

discover

discouragement130.

129.

Forms: discouraged; discouraged; discouraging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discouragement

discover

n. derailment; feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

v. to find out; to come across; to get information about something

discretion

discrete132.

131.

Forms: plural: discouragements

Forms: discovered; discovered; discovering

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

discrete

discretion

adj. separate; individual; discontinuous

n. caution; wisdom; careful judgment

discussion

discuss134. disembark

disease136.

135.

133.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– discuss

discussion

v. to talk about; to debate; to converse

n. debate; conversation; talk; dispute; argument

Forms: discussed; discussed; discussing

Forms: plural: discussions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disease

disembark

n. sickness; illness

v. to go ashore from a boat; to leave a plane or vehicle; to land Forms: disembarked; disembarked; disembarking

dislodge

disk138. dismiss

dismal140.

139.

137.

Forms: plural: diseases

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disk

dislodge

n. flat circular object

v. to extricate; to remove; to evict; to oust; to expel

Forms: plural: disks

Forms: dislodged; dislodged; dislodging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dismal

dismiss

adj. gloomy; cheerless; bad; depressing; sad

v. to send away; to fire; to release; to free

dispatch

disparate142.

141.

Forms: dismissed; dismissed; dismissing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disparate

dispatch

adj. markedly different; contrasting

n. sending off; shipment; message; communication; promptness

dispense

dispatch144.

143.

Forms: plural: dispatches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dispatch

dispense

v. to send off quickly; to dismiss; to conclude with speed

n. expenditure; pardon

and efficiency; to eliminate

display

dispense146. disposal

display148.

147.

145.

Forms: dispatched; dispatched; dispatching

Forms: plural: dispenses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dispense

display

v. to do without; to give up; to distribute; to give out; to

n. presentation; show; screen; monitor; exposure;

hand out

exhibition

Forms: dispensed; dispensed; dispensing

Forms: plural: displays

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

display

disposal

v. to put out for others to see; to show; to exhibit; to

n. getting rid of; arranging

reveal Forms: plural: disposals

disposition

dispose150. dispute

dispute152.

151.

149.

Forms: displayed; displayed; displaying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dispose

disposition

v. to control; to arrange; to put in order

n. character; nature; trait; arrangement; placement

Forms: disposed; disposed; disposing

Forms: plural: dispositions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dispute

dispute

n. quarrel; disagreement; argument

v. to argue; to debate; to contest; to oppose; to fight against Forms: disputed; disputed; disputing

dissipate

disrupt154. distinguish

distinctive156.

155.

153.

Forms: plural: disputes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disrupt

dissipate

v. to upset; to disturb; to divide

v. to scatter; to spread out; to be scattered

Forms: disrupted; disrupted; disrupting

Forms: dissipated; dissipated; dissipating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– distinctive

distinguish

adj. special; unique; different

v. to mark as different; to see as different; to discern; to recognize

distributor

distract158.

157.

Forms: distinguished; distinguished; distinguishing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– distract

distributor

v. to disturb; to confuse; to worry; to divert; to amuse

n. person, company or organization that markets a commodity, product or service; wholesaler; dealer

diverse

disturb160.

159.

Forms: distracted; distracted; distracting

Forms: plural: distributors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– disturb

diverse

v. to bother; to interrupt; to confuse; to worry

adj. different; varied

diversify

diversification162. divert

diversity164.

163.

161.

Forms: disturbed; disturbed; disturbing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– diversification

diversify

n. process of becoming varied; sale of a variety of

v. to make different; to invest one's assets in various

products and services

securities

Forms: plural: diversifications

Forms: diversified; diversified; diversifying

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

diversity

divert

n. variety; difference; unlikeness

v. to distract; to entertain; to turn in a different direction; to deflect Forms: diverted; diverted; diverting

divide

divide166. doctor

division168. document

doctor170. documentation

document172.

171.

169.

167.

165.

Forms: plural: diversities

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– divide

divide

n. separation; ridge between drainage areas; watershed

v. to separate into parts; to part; to share; to apportion

Forms: plural: divides

Forms: divided; divided; dividing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– division

doctor

n. partitioning; department; faculty; ranking; level

n. person who is licensed to practice medicine (i.e.

according to difficulty

physician, surgeon etc.)

Forms: plural: divisions

Forms: plural: doctors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– doctor

document

v. to provide medical treatment; to fix; to repair; to mend

n. certificate; written file

Forms: doctored; doctored; doctoring

Forms: plural: documents

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– document

documentation

v. to record for evidence; to write down; to substantiate

n. collection of written records; use of written records as evidence

domestic

drain174.

dollar

173.

Forms: documented; documented; documenting

Forms: plural: documentations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dollar drain

domestic

n. a situation in which the imports of a country from the

adj. pertaining to home; pertaining to family; tame (about

USA are larger than their exports to the USA

an animal)

dominate

domestic176. donation

donate178. dot

dot180.

179.

177.

175.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– domestic

dominate

n. housemaid; servant; housekeeper

v. to control; to rule; to command

Forms: plural: domestics

Forms: dominated; dominated; dominating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– donate

donation

v. to give; to contribute; to grant; to bestow

n. gift; contribution

Forms: donated; donated; donating

Forms: plural: donations

PHOTOCOPIABLE

doubt

dotted182.

181.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

dot

v. to stud; to constellate

n. spot; speck; part (the point) in an Internet web address

Forms: dotted; dotted; dotting

Forms: plural: dots

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– dotted

doubt

adj. spotted; speckled; composed of a series of small

v. to be uncertain; to have misgivings

dashes (about a line)

download

doubt184.

183.

Forms: doubted; doubted; doubting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– doubt

download

n. misgiving; lack of certainty

v. to copy files from a distant computer onto another computer through an Internet connection Forms: downloaded; downloaded; downloading

downsize

downsize186.

185.

Forms: plural: doubts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downsize

downsize

adj. of a smaller version or dimension

v. to reduce the size of; to make smaller; to cut the number of employees

downtown

downsizing188.

187.

Forms: downsized; downsized; downsized –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downsizing

downtown

n. bringing something down to a smaller scale; lowering

n. commercial center of a city; business distract

expenses

downtown

downtown190. downward

downturn192.

191.

189.

Forms: plural: no plural

Forms: plural: downtowns

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downtown

downtown

adj. pertaining to the commercial center of a city

adv. into the city center; into the the town

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downturn

downward

n. negative tendency (especially in economy or business) adv. towards a lower place, position or section

draft

downward194.

193.

Forms: plural: downturns –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– downward

draft

adj. descending

v. to make an outline; to draw up in written form; to conscript; to draw out and separate

drastic

draft196.

195.

Forms: drafted; drafted; drafting ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

draft

drastic

n. rough outline; sketch; written order for payment;

adj. extreme; intense; severe

conscription

draw

drastically198.

197.

Forms: plural: drafts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– drastically

draw

adv. intensely; in an extreme manner; severely

v. to attract; to pull; to sketch; to depict with lines; to conclude

code

dress

draw200.

199.

Forms: drew; drawn; drawing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– draw

dress code

n. attraction; lottery; contest which ends in a tie; natural

n. formally or socially imposed standards of attire

channel; gully Forms: plural: dress codes

drill

drill202. drive

drive204.

203.

201.

Forms: plural: draws

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– drill

drill

v. to bore a hole; to practice; to train; to sow seeds in

n. practice; training; furrow; seeding machine; row of

rows

seeds in a furrow

Forms: drilled; drilled; drilling

Forms: plural: drills

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– drive

drive

v. to travel in a car; to transport in a vehicle; to compel

n. trip in a vehicle; type of computer hardware; combined effort to accomplish a goal (i.e. fund raiser)

drop

driver206.

205.

Forms: drove; driven; driving

Forms: plural: drives

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– driver

drop

due

drop208.

207.

n. chauffeur; program which enables an operating system v. to fall; to make fall; to bring down; to go down; to omit; to communicate with a particular device

to abandon

Forms: plural: drivers

Forms: dropped; dropped; dropping

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– drop

due

n. small globule of liquid; drip; very small amount;

adj. owed; payable; right; fitting; suitable; adequate

pendant

duplicate

due210.

209.

Forms: plural: drops ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

due

duplicate

n. something which legally or rightfully belongs to an

n. copy; photocopy; exact replica; reproduction

individual; payment; fee Forms: plural: duplicates

duplicate

duplicate212.

211.

Forms: plural: dues

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– duplicate

duplicate

v. to copy; to replicate; to photocopy

adj. double; identical; matching

duration

durable214.

213.

Forms: duplicated; duplicated; duplicating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– durable

duration

adj. sturdy; long lasting

n. period of time that something continues

during

duress216.

215.

Forms: plural: durations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– duress

during

n. intimidation; constraint; pressure; coercion

prep. while; throughout

dynamic

duty218.

217.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– duty

dynamic

n. obligation; responsibility; assignment; customs tax

adj. forceful; energetic; vigorous; spirited; alive

Forms: plural: duties ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

earn

eager2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

E1.

eager

earn

adj. strongly desiring; keen; fervently interested

v. to receive as a result of work or other service performed; to profit; to be eligible; to be worthy

earnest

earnest4.

Forms: earned; earned; earning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– earnest

earnest

n. seriousness; industriousness

adj. serious; sober; sincere; fervent; eager

easy

earnings6.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– earnings

easy

n. money gained; salary; revenue; profit; income

adj. mild; slight; comfortable; simple

economize

easy8.

Forms: only plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– easy

economize

adv. comfortably; without great difficulty or effort

v. to save; to cut back; to be thrifty; to be frugal

edge

economy10. edge

edge12.

11.

Forms: economized; economized; economizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– economy

edge

n. management of resources (i.e. money, goods, etc.);

n. line at which a surface ends; thin sharp side of a blade;

thrift; careful spending

excitement

Forms: plural: economies

Forms: plural: edges

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– edge

edge

v. to sharpen; to provide with a border; to advance

adj. at or constituting a place where two surfaces meet

gradually or furtively

editor

edit14. effect

education16.

15.

13.

Forms: edged; edged; edging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– edit

editor

v. to revise; to alter; to make changes and corrections

n. person or organization that prepares printed matter for

prior to printing

publication

Forms: edited; edited; editing

Forms: plural: editors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– education

effect

n. learning; instruction; imparting of knowledge;

n. result; outcome; impact; trick; natural phenomenon

upbringing

effective

effect18.

17.

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: effects

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

effect

effective

v. to accomplish; to put into action; to execute; to do

adj. productive; in operation; impressive; striking

effort

efficient20.

19.

Forms: effected; effected; effecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– efficient

effort

adj. done without waste (of time, resources, etc.)

n. physical or mental exertion; labor; attempt; organized operation

either

effusive22. either

either24. elaborate

elaborate26.

25.

23.

21.

Forms: plural: efforts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– effusive

either

adj. overflowing; unreserved; unrestrained; exuberant

adj. one of two

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– either

either

adv. also; too; as well

conj. precedes two or more coordinate words or phrases

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elaborate

elaborate

v. to provide additional details; to plan carefully and with

adj. detailed; complicated; carefully planned; worked out

great detail; to produce; to develop

in great detail

elect

elaboration28.

27.

Forms: elaborated; elaborated; elaborating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elaboration

elect

n. painstaking labor; careful planning; adding of extra

v. to choose; to vote for; to prefer; to decide

details; act of improving; production

election

elect30.

29.

Forms: plural: elaborations

Forms: elected; elected; electing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elect

election

adj. chosen for office but net yet formally installed

n. choosing; time when people vote for a political candidate

element

electrician32.

31.

Forms: plural: elections –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– electrician

element

n. person who installs or maintains wiring systems

n. main component; something which is a part of a complex whole

elementary

elemental34. elevator

elevation36.

35.

33.

Forms: plural: electricians

Forms: plural: elements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elemental

elementary

adj. simple; basic

adj. basic; fundamental

PHOTOCOPIABLE

eligible

elicit38.

37.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

elevation

elevator

n. height of something; altitude above sea or ground

n. lift; mechanical apparatus for moving people or items

level; raising; lifting up; grandeur

from floor to floor within a building

Forms: plural: elevations

Forms: plural: elevators

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elicit

eligible

v. to extract from; to bring out; to draw out

adj. suitable; worthy of; qualified; entitled to; allowed

elucidate

eliminate40. embark

elude42.

41.

39.

Forms: elicited; elicited; eliciting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– eliminate

elucidate

v. to remove; to get rid of

v. to explain; to clarify; to describe; to depict

Forms: eliminated; eliminated; eliminating

Forms: elucidated; elucidated; elucidating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– elude

embark

v. to avoid; to escape; to shrink

v. to go on board a ship; to put on board a ship; to begin; to become involved in an enterprise

embrace

embrace44.

43.

Forms: elude d; eluded; eluding

Forms: embarked; embarked; embarking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– embrace

embrace

n. hug; act of wrapping one's arms around another

v. to accept; to belief; to hug; to hold tight

person or thing

emergency

emerge46. empathy

emergency48.

47.

45.

Forms: plural: embraces

Forms: embraced; embraced; embracing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– emerge

emergency

v. to appear; to come out; to be revealed

n. sudden need demanding immediate action

Forms: emerged; emerged; emerging

Forms: plural: emergencies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– emergency

empathy

adj. in the event of sudden need

n. entering into the feelings of another; sympathy; vicarious emotion; understanding

emphasize

emphasis50.

49.

Forms: plural: empathies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– emphasis

emphasize

n. importance that is attached to something; accent or

v. to stress; to show the importance of

stress that is placed on a word or words

employee

employ52.

51.

Forms: no plural

Forms: emphasized; emphasized; emphasizing

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

employ

employee

v. to hire as a worker; to activate; to operate; to use

n. worker; person who works for a company or an individual Forms: plural: employees

employment

employer54. empty

empty56. emulate

empty58.

57.

55.

53.

Forms: employed; employed; employing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– employer

employment

n. boss; person or company that hires people to do work

n. work; occupation; keeping busy

Forms: plural: employers

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– empty

empty

n. container devoid of contents

v. to remove the contents of

Forms: plural: empties

Forms: emptied; emptied, emptying

emulate

adj. containing nothing; without people; without contents;

v. to imitate; to try to equal or excel; to take after; to copy

hollow; meaningless

enclosure

enclose60. encounter

encounter62.

61.

59.

Forms: emulated; emulated; emulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enclose

enclosure

v. to surround; to confine; to close in; to place an

n. confinement; additional document or letter placed

additional document or letter within another

within another

Forms: enclosed; enclosed; enclosing

Forms: plural: enclosures

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– encounter

encounter

n. chance meeting

v. to meet by chance; to face; to meet with (difficulties, hardships, etc.)

encroach

encourage64. endure

endorsement66. engagement

engage68.

67.

65.

63.

Forms: plural: encounters

Forms: encountered; encountered; encountering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– encourage

encroach

v. to support; to inspire; to give hope

v. to advance beyond proper limits; to infringe

Forms: encouraged; encouraged; encouraging

Forms: encroached; encroached; encroaching

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– endorsement

endure

n. signature on a money order such as a check

v. to put up with something or somebody unpleasant

Forms: plural: endorsements

Forms: endured; endured; enduring

PHOTOCOPIABLE

engineer

engine70.

69.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

engage

engagement

v. to keep busy; to occupy; to employ; to commit

n. commitment; obligation; period of employment

Forms: engaged; engaged; engaging

Forms: plural: engagements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– engine

engineer

n. machine which supplies force and motion; motor; truck; v. to design; to plan (i.e. machinery, roads, etc.) part of a program which handles certain types of date Forms: engineered; engineered; engineering

enhance

engineer72.

71.

Forms: plural: engines

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– engineer

enhance

n. person who designs and plans (machinery, roads, etc.) v. to increase; to intensify; to improve; to raise the value of Forms: enhanced; enhanced; enhancing

enlargement

enlarge74. enlightenment

enlighten76.

75.

73.

Forms: plural: engineers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enlarge

enlargement

v. to become bigger; to expand

n. expansion; increase in size; magnification

Forms: enlarged; enlarged; enlarging

Forms: plural: enlargements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enlighten

enlightenment

v. to instruct; to provide with intellectual or spiritual

n. state of intellectual or spiritual awareness

understanding

enough

enlist78. enough

enough80. enrichment

enrich82. ensure

enroll84.

83.

81.

79.

77.

Forms: enlightened; enlightened; enlightening

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enlist

enough

v. to draft into military service; to voluntarily join a cause

n. adequate amount; sufficient degree

Forms: enlisted; enlisted; enlisting

Forms: plural: enoughs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enough

enough

adj. sufficient; adequate

adv. quite; sufficiently; fairly

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enrich

enrichment

v. to improve; to make better

n. enhancement; refinement; improvement

Forms: enriched; enriched; enriching

Forms: plural: enrichments

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

enroll

ensure

v. to register; to sign up; to join up; to enter one's name

v. to make certain; to guarantee; to make secure

on a list Forms: ensured; ensured; ensuring

enterprise

enter86. entertainer

entertain88. enthuse

entertainment90. enthusiastic

enthusiasm92.

91.

89.

87.

85.

Forms: enrolled; enrolled; enrolling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enter

enterprise

v. to go into; to join; to record; to inscribe

n. company; firm; undertaking; business; endeavor

Forms: entered; entered; entering

Forms: plural: enterprises

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– entertain

entertainer

v. to interest; to amuse; to host

n. host; performer; comedian

Forms: entertained; entertained; entertaining

Forms: plural: entertainers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– entertainment

enthuse

n. something interesting or amusing; fun; hospitality

v. to express excitement; to motivate

Forms: plural: entertainments

Forms: enthused; enthused; enthusing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– enthusiasm

enthusiastic

n. excitement; great interest

adj. excited; passionate; ardent; fervent

entirely

entire94. entitled

entitle96.

95.

93.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– entire

entirely

adj. whole; including every part; complete; full

adv. totally; completely; absolutely

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– entitle

entitled

v. to give a heading or name to (i.e. a book, painting,

adj. allowed; eligible; having the right to something

etc.); to grant a right; to claim something

entrance

entrance98. entry

entrust100.

99.

97.

Forms: entitled; entitled; entitling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– entrance

entrance

v. to hypnotize; to enthrall

n. way into a building or other structure; gate; doorway

Forms: entranced; entranced; entrancing

Forms: plural: entrances

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– entrust

entry

environmental

environment102.

101.

v. to give to for safekeeping; to empower someone with a n. opening; record; information or item in a book, responsibility or duty

dictionary, catalog, list, directory, etc.

Forms: entrusted; entrusted; entrusting

Forms: plural: entries

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

environment

environmental

n. surroundings; conditions in which someone or

adj. pertaining to the world and nature around us

something lives

episode

envision104.

103.

Forms: plural: environments –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– envision

episode

v. to imagine to oneself; to picture; to visualize

n. event; occurrence; one of a group of loosely connected stories Forms: plural: episodes

equal

equal106. equality

equal108.

107.

105.

Forms: envisioned; envisioned; envisioning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– equal

equal

n. person or thing that is the same

v. to match; to correspond; to resemble; to be similar to

Forms: plural: equals

Forms: equaled; equaled; equaling

equality

adj. same; identical; able; capable

n. sameness; uniformity

equipment

equip110.

109.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– equip

equipment

v. to provide with the required supplies, tools and items

n. supplies; necessary items; tools, instruments or other objects for completing a task

equivalent

equity112.

111.

Forms: equipped; equipped; equipping

Forms: plural: equipments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– equity

equivalent

n. honesty; fairness; justice

adj. same in worth or value; same in importance; corresponding

erase

equivalent114. error

erasure116. essence

especially118.

117.

115.

113.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– equivalent

erase

n. something that is the same of the same level

v. to rub off; to remove totally; to delete

Forms: plural: equivalents

Forms: erased; erased; erasing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– erasure

error

n. rubbing out; deletion; eradication

n. mistake; something that is incorrect

Forms: plural: erasures

Forms: plural: errors

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

especially

essence

adv. particularly

n. inherent nature of something; central or outstanding characteristic

establish

essential120.

119.

Forms: plural: essences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– essential

establish

adj. necessary; needed; fundamental; crucial; very

v. to set up; to found; to base; to build

important

estate

establishment122. esteem

esteem124. estimate

estimate126. etc.

etc.128.

127.

125.

123.

121.

Forms: established; established; establishing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– establishment

estate

n. anything that is set up; institution (i.e. business,

n. extensive piece of land usually with a large house on it;

church, authority, government, etc.)

person's property; wealth; possessions

Forms: plural: establishments

Forms: plural: estates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– esteem

esteem

v. to respect; to honor; to admire; to value

n. admiration; respect

Forms: esteemed; esteemed; esteeming

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– estimate

estimate

v. to judge an object's value; to appraise; to assess; to

n. judgment of an object's worth; appraisal; opinion;

guess

judgment

Forms: estimated; estimated; estimating

Forms: plural: estimates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– etc.

etc.

adv. and so on; and so forth

abbr. Latin for and so on; and so forth

evaluate

evade130.

129.

Forms: etcetera –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– evade

evaluate

v. to avoid; to run away; to shrink

v. to appraise; to judge the worth or quality; to assess; to gauge

evasive

evaluation132.

131.

Forms: evaded; evaded; evading

Forms: evaluated; evaluated; evaluating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– evaluation

evasive

n. appraisal; estimation; assessment

adj. avoiding; tending to shrink; elusive

even

even134.

133.

Forms: plural: evaluations ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

even

adj. smooth; straight; level; parallel; equal; consistent

v. to make level; to smooth; to balance

eventual

event136.

135.

Forms: evened; evened; evening –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– event

eventual

n. occurrence; happening; contest; campaign; promotion

adj. final; occurring as a result

evidence

evict138. evident

evidence140.

139.

137.

Forms: plural: events –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– evict

evidence

v. to expel a tenant by legal process; to turn out

n. proof; something which proves or disproves

Forms: evicted; evicted; evicting

Forms: plural: evidences

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– evidence

evident

v. to offer proof; to prove; to show to be true

adj. clear; obvious; apparent

exact

evoke142. exaggerate

exact144.

143.

141.

Forms: evidenced; evidenced; evidencing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– evoke

exact

v. to arouse; to bring out; to summon; to wake

v. to demand; to require; to insist upon; to force

Forms: evoked; evoked; evoking

Forms: exacted; exacted; exacting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exact

exaggerate

adj. precise; meticulous; extremely accurate

v. to overstate; to make something seem greater or more important than it really is

examinee

examination146. example

examiner148.

147.

145.

Forms: exaggerated; exaggerated; exaggerating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– examination

examinee

n. test; quiz; investigation; inquiry

n. person who is tested; candidate

Forms: plural: examinations

Forms: plural: examinees

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– examiner

example

n. person who gives a test

n. model; pattern; something which serves as an illustration

excel

exceed150.

149.

Forms: plural: examiner

Forms: plural: examples

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

exceed

excel

v. to surpass; to pass; to go beyond; to outdo

v. to be talented; to do very well; to surpass; to do better than Forms: excelled; excelled; excelling

except

excellent152. except

except154.

153.

151.

Forms: exceeded; exceeded; exceeding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– excellent

except

adj. superior; extraordinary; outstanding

prep. but; besides

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– except

except

conj. but; only

v. to exclude; to leave out; to skip; to protest; to object

exchange

exception156.

155.

Forms: excepted; excepted; excepting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exception

exchange

n. something that is out of the ordinary; anomaly;

n. conversion; stock market; trade; barter; conversation

objection; opposition

excite

exchange158.

157.

Forms: plural: exceptions

Forms: plural: exchanges

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exchange

excite

v. to give one thing in return for another; to replace one

v. to stir up; to arouse feelings; to provoke; to stimulate

thing with another; to trade; to barter

exclusion

exclude160. exclusive

exclusive162.

161.

159.

Forms: exchanged; exchanged; exchanging

Forms: excited; excited; exciting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exclude

exclusion

v. to leave out; to keep out; to prevent from happening or

n. prevention; rejection; leaving out; keeping out; shutting

being; to reject

out

Forms: excluded; excluded; excluding

Forms: plural: exclusions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exclusive

exclusive

n. news story publicized in only a newspaper or

adj. sole; limited to a selected few; incompatible;

television/radio station

fashionable; unique

execute

exclusively164.

163.

Forms: plural: exclusives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exclusively

execute

adj. in a manner which shuts out all others; solely; in a

v. to perform; to carry out; to put into practice

limited manner

executive

executive166.

165.

Forms: executed; executed; executing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

executive

adj. administrative; operational; having the power to

n. manager; person or group of persons having

execute laws and policy

administrative authority within an organization

exertion

exert168. exhibit

exhibit170.

169.

167.

Forms: plural: executives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exert

exertion

v. to exercise; to use; to make an effort

n. putting to use; putting into action; effort; struggle; strain

Forms: exerted; exerted; exerting

Forms: plural: exertions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exhibit

exhibit

n. something presented as evidence in a court of law;

v. to show; to display; to demonstrate; to present

display; show Forms: exhibited; exhibited; exhibiting

exist

exhibition172.

171.

Forms: plural: exhibits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exhibition

exist

n. display; show; public presentation of work or skills;

v. to live; to be

trade fair

exit

existence174. expand

exit176.

175.

173.

Forms: plural: exhibitions

Forms: existed; existed; existing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– existence

exit

n. living; state of being; life

n. passage that leads out

Forms: plural: existences

Forms: plural: exits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– exit

expand

v. to leave; to go out

v. to grow larger; to broaden; to increase; to enlarge; to add to

expect

expansion178. expectation

expectancy180. expel

expedite182.

181.

179.

177.

Forms: exited; exited; exiting

Forms: expanded; expanded; expanding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expansion

expect

n. enlargement; increase; spread; development

v. to assume; to anticipate; to hope

Forms: plural: expansions

Forms: expected; expected; expecting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expectancy

expectation

n. hope; anticipation; assumption

n. anticipation; longing or waiting for; hope

Forms: plural: no plural

Forms: plural: expectations

PHOTOCOPIABLE

expense

expenditure184. experience

expensive186.

185.

183.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

expedite

expel

v. to speed up; to accelerate; to facilitate; to dispatch

v. eject; drive out; banish

Forms: expedited; expedited; expediting

Forms: expelled; expelled; expelling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expenditure

expense

n. spending; disbursement; outlay (especially financial)

n. cost; price; payment

Forms: plural: expenditures

Forms: plural: expenses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expensive

experience

adj. costly; precious; opposite of cheap

n. knowledge obtained by doing; something that one has lived through

experiment

experience188. expert

experiment190.

189.

187.

Forms: plural: experiences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– experience

experiment

v. to try; to live through; to feel; to endure

n. attempt to discover or test something; trial; research

Forms: experienced; experienced; experiencing

Forms: plural: experiments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– experiment

expert

v. to attempt to discover or test something; to try; to

n. person skilled in a particular area; specialist

venture; to research

expertise

expert192.

191.

Forms: experimented; experimented; experimenting

Forms: plural: experts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expert

expertise

adj. skilled; knowledgeable; highly sophisticated; very

n. proficiency; skill; specialist knowledge and information

experienced

expire

expiration194. explanation

explain196. explorer

explore198.

197.

195.

193.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expiration

expire

n. termination; end

v. to come to an end; to finish; to terminate

Forms: plural: expirations

Forms: expired; expired; expiring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– explain

explanation

v. to illustrate; to elucidate; to interpret; to describe; to

n. interpretation; something that clarifies; description;

define

definition

Forms: explained; explained; explaining

Forms: plural: explanations

PHOTOCOPIABLE

export

export200.

199.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

explore

explorer

v. to travel to unknown regions; to investigate; to

n. researcher; investigator; software program for file

examine; to research

management

Forms: explored; explored; exploring

Forms: plural: explorers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– export

export

n. shipping of goods to other countries

v. to ship; to send abroad; to sell goods and products overseas Forms: exported; exported; exporting

exposure

expose202.

201.

Forms: plural: exports

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– expose

exposure

v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose; to abandon

n. denouncement; revealing; photograph; abandoning; placement Forms: plural: exposures

express

express204.

203.

Forms: exposed; exposed; exposing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– express

express

v. to declare; to say; to send quickly; to squeeze; to

adj. clear; exact; precise; quick

extract

expression

express206.

205.

Forms: expressed; expressed; expressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– express

expression

n. system for prompt transportation of people or parcels;

n. putting into words; phrase; word; manifestation

dispatch conveyed by special messenger

extension

extend208.

207.

Forms: plural: expresses

Forms: plural: expressions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– extend

extension

v. to stretch; to enlarge; to lengthen; to reach out

n. expansion; branch of a telephone network; supplement; reprieve

extent

extensive210.

209.

Forms: extended; extended; extending

Forms: plural: extensions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– extensive

extent

adj. spreading over a large area; comprehensive

n. scope; range; scale; size; measure; degree

extract

extract212.

211.

Forms: plural: extents ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

extract

n. substance obtained from a plant; essence; text

v. to remove; to take out; to squeeze; to press; to elicit

paragraph; passage Forms: extracted; extracted; extracting

extraordinary

extradite214.

213.

Forms: plural: extracts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– extradite

extraordinary

v. to hand over to another nation or judicial authority

adj. unusual

Forms: extradited; extradited; extraditing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

facilitate

fabric2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

F1.

fabric

facilitate

n. textile; weave; structure; framework; construction

v. to make easy; to assist; to forward; to promote; to expedite Forms: facilitated; facilitated; facilitating

facility

facilitator4. factory

factor6.

Forms: plural: fabrics

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– facilitator

facility

n. person or thing which promotes; expeditor

n. device; tool; convenience; talent; ability; building

Forms: plural: facilitators

Forms: plural: facilities

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– factor

factory

n. cause; agent; broker; financier; money lender

n. plant; any location which mass-produces one type of product Forms: plural: factories

fail

fade8.

Forms: plural: factors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fade

fail

v. to wither; to die out; to bleach; to disappear

v. to be unsuccessful; to not do; to disappoint; to go bankrupt; to be used up

fair

failure10.

Forms: faded; faded; fading

Forms: failed; failed; failing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– failure

fair

n. inability to succeed; lack of success; lack; bankruptcy;

n. festival; exhibition; show; market; bazaar

downfall

fair

fair12.

11.

Forms: plural: failures

Forms: plural: fairs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fair

fair

adj. just; reasonable; handsome; light colored; clean;

adv. justly; equitably; directly; completely; really

off

fall

faith14. falter

false16.

15.

13.

clear –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– faith

fall off

n. belief in a particular thing or person; religion; trust;

v. to separate; to be separated; to decrease; to become

confidence; loyalty

smaller

Forms: plural: faiths

Forms: fell off; fallen off; falling off

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– false

falter

adj. not true; counterfeit; deceitful; wrong; artificial; not

v. to hesitate; to stumble; to sway; to totter; to be

faithful

unstable

familiar

fame18.

17.

Forms: faltered; faltered; faltering ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

familiarize

familiar20.

19.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

fame

familiar

n. notoriety; renown; good reputation

n. good friend; acquaintance

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: familiars

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– familiar

familiarize

adj. ordinary; skilled; close; intimate; well-known

v. to cause to be acquainted; to accustom; to make something well known; to publicize

fare

famous22.

21.

Forms: familiarized; familiarized; familiarizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– famous

fare

adj. well-known; excellent; wonderful

n. cost for traveling (on a bus, train, etc.)

favorable

fare24.

23.

Forms: plural: fares –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fare

favorable

v. to travel; to go; to journey; to happen; to eat and drink

adj. positive; approving; likable; helpful; encouraging; desirable

fax

favorite26.

25.

Forms: fared; fared; faring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– favorite

fax

adj. preferred; beloved; liked

n. device for electronically transmitting written material; electronically transmitted document

fear

fax28. feasibility

fear30. feature

feasible32.

31.

29.

27.

Forms: plural: faxes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fax

fear

v. to transmit document electronically

n. fright; horror; concern; terror

Forms: faxed; faxed; faxing

Forms: plural: fears

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fear

feasibility

v. to be frightened; to be concerned; to be afraid of; to

n. capability of being carried out; capability of being

have respect for

achieved; likelihood; probability

Forms: feared; feared; fearing

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– feasible

feature

adj. able to be carried out; achievable; possible; likely

n. characteristic; function; capability (of a product, machine, device, software etc.)

fee

feature34.

33.

Forms: plural: features ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

feed

fee36.

35.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

feature

fee

v. to characterize; to depict; to describe; to present; to

n. toll; payment for services rendered; cost of admission;

emphasize

commission; feudal estate

Forms: featured; featured; featuring

Forms: plural: fees

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fee

feed

v. to pay to; to hire; to employ

n. meal; nourishment; material supplied; act of inserting into a machine (especially of putting paper into a printer) Forms: plural: feeds

feedback

feed38.

37.

Forms: feed; feed; feeing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– feed

feedback

v. to supply; to support; to send; to move into a machine

n. response; critique; information about the results of a certain procedure or performance Forms: plural: feedbacks

fellow

fellow40.

39.

Forms: fed; fed; feeding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fellow

fellow

n. friend; member of an academic organization; suitor

adj. having membership in; belonging to (a group, academic organization, etc.); of the same type

fence

fence42. ferry

ferry44.

43.

41.

Forms: plural: fellows –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fence

fence

n. railing; hedge; ability to argue; person who sells stolen

v. to protect; to guard; to evade a question; to respond in

goods

a vague manner

Forms: plural: fences

Forms: fenced; fenced; fencing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ferry

ferry

n. boat for crossing a body of water; shuttle

v. to convey passengers or cargo by boat across a small body of water

fertilizer

fertilize46. few

fetch48.

47.

45.

Forms: plural: ferries

Forms: ferried; ferried; ferrying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fertilize

fertilizer

v. to impregnate; to inseminate; to enrich the soil by the

n. organic or chemical substance added to soil to enrich it

addition of organic or chemical substances

(i.e. manure)

Forms: fertilized; fertilized; fertilizing

Forms: plural: fertilizer

PHOTOCOPIABLE

field

few50.

49.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

fetch

few

v. to go after and bring back; to pick up; to charm

n. not many; some; several; small number of

Forms: fetched; fetched; fetching

Forms: plural: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– few

field

adj. little; not many; some

n. area; domain; range; piece of land; surface

figure

field52.

51.

Forms: plural: fields –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– field

figure

v. to answer adequately or successfully

n. number; image; character; price; human shape; symbol Forms: plural: figures

file

figure54. out

fill

file56.

55.

53.

Forms: fielded; fielded; fielding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– figure

file

v. to calculate; to think; to assume; to portray; to depict;

n. dossier; collection of documents on a subject; tool for

to express verbally

smoothing surfaces; line; queue

Forms: figured; figured; figuring

Forms: plural: files

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– file

fill out

v. to arrange papers methodically for preservation and

v. to insert written information into the gaps on a form

reference; to submit in a formal way

final

final58.

57.

Forms: filed; filed; filing

Forms: filled out; filled out; filling out

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– final

final

n. end; conclusion; last edition of a newspaper

adj. at the end; last; ultimate; decisive; conclusive; definitive

finance

finalize60.

59.

Forms: plural: finals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– finalize

finance

v. to end; to sum up; to complete; to conclude

n. money management (including investment, banking etc.); science of money management

fine

finance62. fine

fine64.

63.

61.

Forms: finalized; finalized; finalizing

Forms: plural: finances

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– finance

fine

v. to raise money for; to provide with funds; to fund; to

n. monetary penalty; punishment which involves the

pay for

payment of specified sum of money

Forms: financed; financed; financing

Forms: plural: fines

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

fine

v. to impose a tax upon; to purify; to make thin or thinner; adj. delicate; thin; flimsy; handsome; top-quality; excellent to reduce; to clarify

finish

fine66.

65.

Forms: fined; fined; fining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fine

finish

adv. very well; excellent

n. end; completion; conclusion; polish; something which completes or perfects

firm

finish68. firm

firm70.

69.

67.

Forms: plural: finishes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– finish

firm

v. to terminate; to end; to destroy; to defeat; to complete

n. company; commercial business; corporation

Forms: finished; finished; finishing

Forms: plural: firms

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– firm

firm

v. to solidify; to become solid; to stabilize; to become

adj. strong; solid; stable; fixed; immovable; determined

stable

fiscal

firm72.

71.

Forms: firmed; firmed; firming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– firm

fiscal

adv. sturdily; steadily; assertively; in a determined

adj. of public funds; of or pertaining to money matters

fix

fix74.

73.

manner –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fix

fix

fizzle

fixture76. money

flat

fizzle78. flaw

flaw80.

79.

77.

75.

n. embarrassing situation; predicament; location; position v. to determine; to stabilize; to arrange; to repair; to (i.e. of a ship or individual)

prepare

Forms: plural: fixes

Forms: fixed; fixed; fixing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fixture

fizzle

n. something which is permanently or securely attached;

n. failure; fiasco; sputtering which gradually fades into

set date for a sporting event

silence

Forms: plural: fixtures

Forms: plural: fizzles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fizzle

flat money

v. to fail after starting well; to make a hissing noise which

n. banknote printed by a government as legal tender

gradually fades into silence

which is not redeemable and which lacks economic value

Forms: fizzled; fizzled; fizzling

Forms: no plural

PHOTOCOPIABLE

flawless

flawed82. fleet

fleet84.

83.

81.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

flaw

v. to crack; to become defective; to become cracked

n. defect; imperfection; crack; strong gust or wind

Forms: flawed; flawed; flawing

Forms: plural: flaws

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– flawed

flawless

adj. defective; imperfect; cracked

adj. perfect; impeccable

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fleet

fleet

v. to move quickly; to pass quickly

adj. swift; fast

flexibility

fleet86.

85.

Forms: fleeted; fleeted; fleeting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fleet

flexibility

n. group of ships, cars, trucks or other vehicles

n. elasticity; ability to adapt to new circumstances; pliability Forms: plural: no plural

flight

flexible88.

87.

Forms: plural: fleets

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– flexible

flight

adj. elastic; easily bent; adroit; adept; pliable

n. flying; aviation; trip on an airplane; escape

floor

floor90.

89.

Forms: plural: flights –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– floor

floor

v. to knock down; to astound; to shock

n. flat surface at the bottom of the room on which you walk; story; level of a building

fluctuate

florist92.

91.

Forms: floored; floored; flooring

Forms: plural: floors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– florist

fluctuate

n. owner of a flower shop; person who makes flower

v. to vacillate; to waver; to vary; to change

arrangements

fluency

fluctuation94.

93.

Forms: plural: florists

Forms: fluctuated; fluctuated; fluctuating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fluctuation

fluency

n. vacillation; instability; wavering; inconstancy; change

n. ability to speak and write easily; eloquence; articulateness; gracefulness

focus

fluent96.

95.

Forms: plural: fluctuations

Forms: no plural

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

fluent

focus

adj. articulate; eloquent; able to read and write with ease; v. to make clear; to concentrate graceful; flowing

fold

focus98. folder

fold100.

99.

97.

Forms: focussed; focussed; focusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– focus

fold

n. center; hub; concentration

v. to bend; to crease; to wrap; to envelop; to clasp

Forms: no plural

Forms: folded; folded; folding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fold

folder

n. bend; crease; depression in the ground; hollow

n. dossier for storing papers; directory

between two hills; yard Forms: plural: folders

forecast

food102.

101.

Forms: plural: folds

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– food

forecast

n. nourishment; substance which provides the body with

v. to predict a future event or condition; to foretell

nutrients; sustenance

forecast

forecast104.

103.

Forms: plural: foods

Forms: forecast; forecast; forecasting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– forecast

forecast

adj. predicted; expected; anticipated

n. prediction of a future event or condition (i.e. development of the economy)

foreign

forecaster106.

105.

Forms: plural: forecasts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– forecaster

foreign

n. person who foretells future events; weatherman

adj. strange; unfamiliar; from or of another place; pertaining to dealings with another country

foresee

foremost108.

107.

Forms: plural: forecasters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– foremost

foresee

adv. first in place or rank; primary; leading; main

v. to predict; to prophesy; to foretell

form

form110.

109.

Forms: foresaw; foreseen; foreseeing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– form

form

v. to shape; to create; to design; to arrange; to be created n. shape; image; framework; document with blank spaces to be filled in; fitness; type

formal

formal112.

111.

Forms: formed; formed; forming

Forms: plural: forms

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

formal

adj. ceremonious; conventional; according to custom;

n. occasion which requires fancy dress (dance, ball, etc.);

stiff; strict; symmetrical

evening gown

format

format114. formula

formatted116.

115.

113.

Forms: plural: formals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– format

format

v. to design the appearance of; to arrange; to prepare a

n. structure; pattern; design; organization; pattern of data

diskette or hard disk for use

organization

Forms: formatted; formatted; formatting

Forms: plural: formats

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– formatted

formula

adj. arranged in a particular way; prepared for reading

n. set way of saying or doing something; principle; pattern

and writing

fortunate

formulate118.

117.

Forms: plural: formulas –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– formulate

fortunate

v. to devise; to conceive; to develop; to plan

adj. lucky; successful; opportune

forward

fortune120. forward

forward122.

121.

119.

Forms: formulated; formulated; formulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fortune

forward

n. luck; wealth; chance; success; riches

v. to send; to convey; to transmit; to promote; to advance

Forms: plural: fortunes

Forms: forwarded; forwarded; forwarding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– forward

forward

adj. advanced; ahead; ready; brash; of the future;

adv. ahead; to the front

foster

forward124.

123.

progressive –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– forward

foster

n. player positioned at the front of the offensive line

adj. entrusted to the care

(Sports)

found

foster126.

125.

Forms: plural: forwards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– foster

found

v. to encourage; to nurture; to promote; to raise; to care

adj. discovered

for

foundation

found128.

127.

Forms: fostered; fostered; fostering ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

found

foundation

v. to establish; to create; to build; to set up; to start a

n. base; fundament; substructure; establishing; institution

company Forms: plural: foundations

founder

founder130. frame

fraction132. framework

frame134. franchise

franchise136.

135.

133.

131.

129.

Forms: founded; founded; founding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– founder

founder

v. to fill with water and sink; to fall; to fail; to stumble; to

n. establisher; organization or channel; person who gives

cause to sink

authorization to operate a channel

Forms: foundered; foundered; foundering

Forms: plural: founders

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fraction

frame

n. product of the division of one number by another; part

v. to contrive false evidence against; to set up; to

of a whole; segment; fragment; quotient

construct; to build; to fashion; to formulate

Forms: plural: fractions

Forms: framed; framed; framing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– frame

framework

n. casing; skeleton; structure; body structure; mood

n. support; skeleton; structure; system

Forms: plural: frames

Forms: plural: frameworks

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– franchise

franchise

frank

franchisor138. frank

frank140.

139.

137.

v. to grant a license to an individual or group; to grant the n. license to market a company's goods or services; right to vote

business which has been granted a license

Forms: franchised; franchised; franchising

Forms: plural: franchises

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– franchisor

frank

n. person who has the right to grant a license

v. to deliver without charge

Forms: plural: franchisors

Forms: franked; franked; franking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– frank

frank

adj. honest; sincere; straightforward; open; candid

n. mark or signature which allows a letter or package to be sent free of charge

fraudulent

fraud142.

141.

Forms: plural: franks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fraud

fraudulent

n. swindle; deceit; cheating; forgery; embezzlement

adj. guilty; dishonest

freight

fraught144.

143.

Forms: plural: frauds ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

fraught

freight

adj. full of or accompanied by; charged with; laden with

v. to load with goods; to load; to weigh down; to send as cargo

frequency

freight146. frequent

frequent148.

147.

145.

Forms: freighted; freighted; freighting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– freight

frequency

n. cargo or goods that are shipped for a fee; shipping

n. quality of occurring regularly; rate at which a function

cost; transportation; conveyance; shipment

reoccurs

Forms: plural: freights

Forms: plural: frequencies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– frequent

frequent

adj. happening often; regular; common; usual

v. to go regularly to (a certain place); to patronize

frisky

frequently150. fuel

fuel152. fulfill

fueled154.

153.

151.

149.

Forms: frequented; frequented; frequenting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– frequently

frisky

adv. regularly; often

adj. energetic; full of life; playful; lively

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fuel

fuel

v. to provide with a combustible substance that provides

n. substance burned to create energy (petrol, gasoline,

energy

gas, wood, coal, etc.)

Forms: fueled; fueled; fueling

Forms: plural: fuels

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fueled

fulfill

adj. filled with petrol, gas or another substance that

v. to realize; to make a reality; to accomplish; to

produces energy

complete; to execute

function

fulfillment156.

155.

Forms: fulfilled; fulfilled; fulfilling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fulfillment

function

n. realization; performance; completion; gratification;

v. to work; to act; to operate; to perform

satisfaction

fund

function158.

157.

Forms: plural: fulfillments

Forms: functioned; functioned; functioning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– function

fund

n. duty; role; purpose; feature; convention

v. to finance; to supply with money; to allocate financial sums; to extend a short-term obligation

fundamental

fund160.

159.

Forms: plural: functions

Forms: funded; funded; funding

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

fund

fundamental

n. amount of money set aside for a specific purpose;

adj. basic; elemental; essential

supply

funnel

fundamental162. funnelled

funnel164.

163.

161.

Forms: plural: funds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fundamental

funnel

n. principle; basis; essential

v. to channel; to centralize

Forms: plural: fundamentals

Forms: funneled; funneled; funneling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– funnel

funnelled

n. device with a wide opening at the top which narrows as adj. channeled; centralized it reaches the bottom

further

furniture166.

165.

Forms: plural: funnels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– furniture

further

n. movable articles for use in a home or office (i.e. chairs, adj. more distant; additional desks, cabinets, closets, etc.)

further

further168.

167.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– further

further

adv. to a greater distance; more; in addition

v. to advance; to encourage; to promote; to assist

fussy

169.

Forms: furthered; furthered; furthering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– fussy adj. exacting; choosy; ornate; nagging; annoying ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

G.N.P.

G.D.P.2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

G1.

G.D.P.

G.N.P.

gain

gain4.

abbr. total goods and services produced by nation during abbr. total value of goods and services produced by a one year excluding payments on foreign investments

country in a given period (generally one year)

Forms: Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Forms: Gross National Product (GNP)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gain

gain

n. profit; assets; achievement; increase; benefit;

v. to acquire; to earn; to purchase; to obtain; to profit

advantage Forms: gained; gained; gaining

garbage

gap6.

Forms: plural: gains

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gap

garbage

n. opening; breach; hiatus; space; great difference;

n. something that is discarded; rubbish; trash; junk; waste

disparity Forms: no plural

garner

garment8.

Forms: plural: gaps

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– garment

garner

n. piece of clothing; outer covering

n. place where grain is stored; granary; storehouse; collection; store

gasoline

garner10.

Forms: plural: garments

Forms: plural: garners

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– garner

gasoline

gather

gate12.

11.

v. to collect; to gather; to accumulate; to store; to place in n. flammable liquid mixture derived from petroleum (used reserve

as fuel, etc.)

Forms: garnered; garnered; garnering

Forms: plural: gasolines

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gate

gather

n. portion of a wall or fence that opens and closes; any

n. drawing together; fold; pucker

barrier which opens and closes; entrance; entryway

gathering

gather14.

13.

Forms: plural: gates

Forms: plural: gathers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gather

gathering

v. to assemble; to collect; to accumulate; to conclude; to

n. assembly; meeting; convention; cluster; collection

deduce

gauge

gauge16.

15.

Forms: gathered; gathered; gathering

Forms: plural: gatherings

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

gauge

n. standard of measure; device for measuring (pressure,

v. to measure; to evaluate; to determine; to estimate

amount, distance, etc.) Forms: gauged; gauged; gauging

general

general18.

17.

Forms: plural: gauges

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– general

general

n. high ranking military officer

adj. inclusive; of all things

generation

generate20.

19.

Forms: plural: generals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– generate

generation

v. to create; to produce; to bring into being

n. production; creating; group of people born around the same time Forms: plural: generations

genuine

generous22. get

germane24.

23.

21.

Forms: generated; generated; generating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– generous

genuine

adj. benevolent; giving; unselfish; abundant; plentiful

adj. original; real; true; natural; honest; sincere

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– germane

get

adj. pertinent; relevant; connected

v. to receive; to obtain; to purchase; to bring; to persuade

with

get

into26.

get with

through

get

over28.

get

27.

25.

Forms: got; gotten; getting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– get into

get on with

v. to enter

v. to continue

Forms: got into; gotten into; getting into

Forms: got on with; gotten on with; getting on with

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– get over

get through with

v. to recover

v. to finish; to complete

Forms: got over; gotten over; getting over

Forms: got through with; gotten through with; getting

gifted

gift30.

29.

through with –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gift

gifted

n. present; talent; offering

adj. talented; skilled; having great natural ability

global

up32.

give

31.

Forms: plural: gifts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– give up

global

v. to surrender; to quit; to stop doing

adj. worldwide; universal; of the whole world

glossary

globe34.

33.

Forms: gave up; given up; giving up ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

globe

glossary

n. ball; sphere; planet Earth; world

n. list of terms and definitions (usually at the end of a book); dictionary of technical or specific terms

glove

glossy36.

35.

Forms: plural: globes

Forms: plural: glossaries

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– glossy

glove

adj. shiny; polished; smooth

n. protecting covering for the hand; padded covering for the hand

with

along

after38.

37.

Forms: plural: gloves –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– go after

go along with

v. to try to get; to attempt to get

v. to comply; to conform; to follow; to agree

Forms: went after; gone after; going after

Forms: went along with; gone along with; going along

goal

through40.

go good

good42.

41.

39.

with –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– go through

goal

v. to experience; to endure

n. target; aim; purpose; objective; destination

Forms: went through; gone through; going through

Forms: plural: goals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– good

good

government

good44. grade

grade46. graduate

gradually48.

47.

45.

43.

adj. excellent; pleasant; valid; competent; skilled; positive adv. nice; excellent; of high quality –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– good

government

n. product; item; asset; benefit

n. ruling of a country or area; political control; authority

Forms: plural: goods

Forms: plural: governments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– grade

grade

v. to give a mark to; to classify; to make level; to

n. mark; level; degree; rank; type; extend; class (in a

evaluate; to assess

school)

Forms: graded; graded; grading

Forms: plural: grades

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gradually

graduate

adv. progressively

v. to complete a course of study and receive a degree or diploma

graduate

graduate50.

49.

Forms: graduated; graduated; graduating ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

graduate

adj. having a degree or diploma; concerning studies

n. person who has completed a course of study and

beyond a bachelor's degree

received a degree or diploma

grain

grain52. grant

grant54. graph

graph56.

55.

53.

51.

Forms: plural: graduates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– grain

grain

v. to crumble into granules

n. cereal; seed; granule; particle; texture; weave

Forms: grained; grained; graining

Forms: plural: grains

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– grant

grant

v. to agree; to give; to bestow; to answer to; to donate

n. award; gift; present; contribution; donation

Forms: granted; granted; granting

Forms: plural: grants

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– graph

graph

v. to represent by chart; to draw a curve representing a

n. diagram; chart

given function

grasp

grasp58.

57.

Forms: graphed; graphed; graphing

Forms: plural: graphs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– grasp

grasp

v. to seize; to grip; to comprehend; to understand; to

n. hold; understanding; knowledge; realization

realize

gratitude

grateful60.

59.

Forms: grasped; grasped; grasping

Forms: plural: grasps

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– grateful

gratitude

adj. thankful; appreciative; expressing thanks

n. thankfulness; appreciation

great

gratuity62.

61.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gratuity

great

n. tip; bonus; recompense

adj. large; important; huge; immense; wonderful; exciting

grit

greenhouse64. grocer

grit66.

65.

63.

Forms: plural: gratuities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– greenhouse

grit

n. structure built mainly of glass in which plants are

v. to grind the teeth together; to abrade; to grind; to make

cultivated out of season

a harsh grinding noise

Forms: plural: greenhouses

Forms: gritted; gritted; gritting

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

grit

grocer

n. small rough granules or particles (i.e. sand); bravery;

n. person who owns and operates a food store

pluck; endurance Forms: plural: grocers

grocery

groceries68.

67.

Forms: plural: grits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– groceries

grocery

n. foods and other goods sold at a small supermarket or

n. store which sells food and other household goods

store Forms: plural: groceries

grooming

groom70.

69.

Forms: only plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– groom

grooming

v. to tend carefully; to take care of; to make clean and

n. process of making neat and attractive

tidy; to prepare for Forms: plural: no plural

gross

gross72.

71.

Forms: groomed; groomed; grooming

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gross

gross

v. to make or earn a total of (before taxes and other

adj. inclusive; complete; total; general; without deductions

expenses)

grow

gross74.

73.

Forms: grossed; grossed; grossing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gross

grow

n. 12 dozen; 144

v. to become larger; to cultivate; to be changed; to turn into

guarantee

growth76. guess

guarantee78. guide

guess80. guideline

guide82.

81.

79.

77.

75.

Forms: plural: grosses

Forms: grew; grown; growing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– growth

guarantee

n. development; progress

v. to vouch for; to give a warranty; to assure; to promise

Forms: no plural

Forms: guaranteed; guaranteed; guaranteeing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– guarantee

guess

n. security; warranty; pledge; assurance

v. to suppose; to hypothesize; to conjecture

Forms: plural: guarantees

Forms: guessed; guessed; guessing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– guess

guide

n. conjecture; supposition; hypothesis

v. to direct; to lead; to instruct

Forms: plural: guesses

Forms: guided; guided; guiding

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

guide

guideline

n. instructor; director; escort; leader; manual; handbook

n. instructions; manual; handbook; indication of acceptable conduct or procedure Forms: plural: guidelines

guilty

guilt84.

83.

Forms: plural: guides

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– guilt

guilty

n. state of having committed a crime or offense;

adj. deserving of punishment; responsible

culpability; feeling of having done something wrong

gymnasium

85.

Forms: plural: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– gymnasium n. building for indoor sports and exercise; fitness center Forms: plural: gymnasiums ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

PHOTOCOPIABLE

HTML hallmark

habit4.

H.R.2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

H1.

H.R.

HTML

abbr. manpower; personnel; human work force; human

abbr. language used to write pages and sites for the

labor; staff

Internet

Forms: Human Resources (HR)

Forms: hypertext markup language

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– habit

hallmark

n. custom; something that one is used to doing; part of a

n. identifying characteristic

routine; behavior pattern Forms: plural: hallmarks

halt

halt6. handle

handbook8. handling

handle10.

Forms: plural: habits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– halt

halt

n. temporary stop; standstill; break or pause in a march

v. to stop; to cause to stop; to pause; to hesitate; to be

or journey

uncertain

Forms: plural: halts

Forms: halted; halted; halting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– handbook

handle

n. manual; guide; guideline; document containing

n. part of an object designed to be gripped by the hand;

instructions

fist name; nickname; code name; title

Forms: plural: handbooks

Forms: plural: handles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– handle

handling

v. to manage; to process; to deal in; to do business with;

n. care; treatment; procedure; system; touch

to treat

hard

hard12.

11.

Forms: handled; handled; handling

Forms: plural: handlings

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hard

hard

adj. difficult; complicated; rigid; stiff

adv. strenuously; with great effort; to the full extent;

harmonize

harmful14.

13.

intently; to the extreme limit –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– harmful

harmonize

adj. injurious; causing damage

v. to agree; to reconcile; to be in concert with

harness

harmony16.

15.

Forms: harmonized; harmonized; harmonizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– harmony

harness

n. unity; agreement; accord; pleasing balance; symmetry

n. straps and other parts by which a draft animal is attached to a vehicle

harvest

harness18.

17.

Forms: plural: harmonies

Forms: no plural

100

PHOTOCOPIABLE

hazard

harvest20. hazardous

hazard22.

21.

19.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

harness

harvest

v. to use; to apply; to employ; to control; to channel

n. reaping; gathering in of crops; outcome; product

Forms: harnessed; harnessed; harnessing

Forms: plural: harvests

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– harvest

hazard

v. to reap; to gather in ripe crops; to catch; to gather

n. danger; risk; game of chance

Forms: harvested; harvested; harvesting

Forms: plural: hazards

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hazard

hazardous

v. to endanger; to imperil; to dare; to venture

adj. dangerous; risky; perilous

haze

haze24.

23.

Forms: hazarded; hazarded; hazarding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– haze

haze

n. fog; mist; obscurity; vagueness

v. to treat someone new in a humiliating manner; to harass; to humiliate

head

head26.

25.

Forms: plural: hazes

Forms: hazed; hazed; hazing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– head

head

adj. chief; leading; main; principal

n. mind; understanding; leader; person in authority; top

headquarter

head28. headway

headquarters30.

29.

27.

Forms: plural: heads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– head

headquarter

v. to lead; to be in charge; to direct; to be at the front; to

v. to set up a center of operations; to be set up in a

go in a certain direction

center of operations

Forms: headed; headed; heading

Forms: headquartered; headquartered; headquartering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– headquarters

headway

n. main office; central office of a company; center of

n. progress; advance

operation

healthy

health32.

31.

Forms: only plural

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– health

healthy

n. physical or mental well-being; freedom from disease

adj. well; not sick; fit; sound

hem

helicopter34.

33.

101

PHOTOCOPIABLE

hesitate

hem36. hidden

hesitation38.

37.

35.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

helicopter

hem

n. aircraft which flies by means of horizontally rotating

n. folded and stitched down edge of cloth; edge of a

blades

garment

Forms: plural: helicopters

Forms: plural: hems

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hem

hesitate

v. to surround; to enclose; to hesitate; to falter in

v. to waver; to be uncertain; to vacillate; to falter; to be

speaking

indecisive

Forms: hemmed; hemmed; hemming

Forms: hesitated; hesitated; hesitating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hesitation

hidden

n. pausing; stammering; faltering

adj. concealed; secret; not to be seen; ulterior

hire

hide40.

39.

Forms: plural: hesitations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hide

hire

v. to conceal; to cover up; to keep secret; to place out of

n. wages; rent; rental; charge; fee

sight

hit

hire42.

41.

Forms: hid; hidden; hiding

Forms: plural: hires

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hire

hit

v. to lease; to rent; to employ

n. stroke; blow; collision; success; popular event or production

homebound

43.

Forms: hired; hired; hiring

Forms: plural: hits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hit

homebound

v. to strike; to beat; to reach; to find; to collide

adj. confined usually by illness

honesty

honest46.

45.

Forms: hit; hit; hitting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– honest

honesty

adj. truthful; candid; frank

n. truthfulness; sincerity; integrity; frankness

honor

honor48.

47.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– honor

honor

n. esteem; respect; integrity; honesty; award; privilege

v. to respect; to esteem; to pay tribute; to praise; to accept

hospital

horrible50.

49.

Forms: plural: honors

Forms: honored; honored; honoring

102

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

horrible

hospital

adj. terrible; awful; disgusting

n. location where sick and injured people receive medical treatment

host

host52. house

hourly54. house

house56. however

housing58.

57.

55.

53.

51.

Forms: plural: hospitals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– host

host

n. person who receives guests; large number; multitude

v. to act as master of ceremonies; to receive guests into

(of people or things)

one's home; to give a party

Forms: plural: hosts

Forms: hosted; hosted; hosting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hourly

house

adj. continual

adj. pertaining to accommodations; domesticated

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– house

house

n. building used for a particular purpose; business;

v. to accommodate someone; to stay; to reside; to dwell;

audience; legislative body

to store; to shelter

Forms: plural: houses

Forms: housed; housed; housing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– housing

however

n. lodging; dwelling

adv. in any event; anyway

however60.

59.

Forms: plural: housing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– however

conj. in what way?

abbr. period of 60 minutes

hurry

humidity62. hyphen

hurry64.

63.

61.

Forms: hour –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– humidity

hurry

n. dampness; moistness; mugginess

v. to make haste; to rush; to urge; to prod; to dash

Forms: no plural

Forms: hurried; hurried; hurrying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– hurry

hyphen

n. rush; haste; urgency

n. short dash; short line used to connect or separate words or syllables (-)

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: hyphens

103

PHOTOCOPIABLE

I.P.O.

I.O.U.2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

I1.

I.O.U.

I.P.O.

abbr. signed note acknowledging a debt

abbr. first offering to the public of a company's shares on the stock market Forms: Initial Public Offering (IPO)

i.e.

Inc.4. ideal

idea6.

Forms: I owe you (IOU)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Inc.

i.e.

abbr. legally established as a corporation

abbr. that is to say (Latin); for example; for instance

Forms: incorporated

Forms: id est (i.e.)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– idea

ideal

n. concept; thought; opinion; intention; plan

adj. perfect; imaginary; excellent; best; exemplary

idealize

ideal8.

Forms: plural: ideas –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ideal

idealize

n. standard of perfection; pattern; model; person or thing

v. to represent as the embodiment of perfection

that embodies a standard of perfection

identify

identification10.

Forms: plural: ideals

Forms: idealized; idealized; idealizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– identification

identify

n. verification of a person or thing; recognition

v. to recognize; to show to be the same; to sympathize; to relate

idle

idle12.

11.

Forms: plural: identifications

Forms: identified; identified; identifying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– idle

idle

adj. lazy; vain; unoccupied; unemployed

v. to lounge; to do nothing; to laze around

ignore

ignorance14. ill

ill16.

15.

13.

Forms: idled; idled; idling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ignorance

ignore

n. lack of knowledge; illiteracy; lack of education; state of

v. to disregard; to overlook; to refuse to recognize; to

being uninformed

reject

Forms: no plural

Forms: ignored; ignored; ignoring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ill

ill

adj. sick; bad; unfriendly; unsatisfactory; inadequate;

adv. with difficulty; barely; scarcely; poorly; improperly

illustrate

ill18.

17.

inferior ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

104

PHOTOCOPIABLE

image

illustration20. imaginary

image22.

21.

19.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

ill

illustrate

n. trouble; misfortune; evil; harm; disease; sickness

v. to exemplify; to clarify; to explain; to depict; to elucidate

Forms: plural: ills

Forms: illustrated; illustrated; illustrating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– illustration

image

n. picture in a book or other work; explanation;

v. to draw a likeness; to describe; to reflect; to picture in

clarification

the mind

Forms: plural: illustrations

Forms: imaged; imaged; imaging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– image

imaginary

n. figure; form; reflection; picture; likeness; embodiment

adj. not real; fanciful

imagine

imagination24. imagining

imaging26. immediately

immediate28. impact

immediately30.

29.

27.

25.

23.

Forms: plural: images –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– imagination

imagine

n. ability of the mind to create mental pictures which do

v. to envision; to fantasize; to visualize; to think; to

not exist in reality

assume

Forms: plural: imaginations

Forms: imagined; imagined; imagining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– imaging

imagining

n. forming of mental pictures to control bodily processes

n. fantasizing; visualizing

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: imaginings

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– immediate

immediately

adj. instantaneous; prompt; direct; close

conj. as soon as

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– immediately

impact

adj. right away; shortly; at once; without delay

v. to influence; to affect strongly; to collide; to squeeze in

impatient

impact32.

31.

Forms: impacted; impacted; impacting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impact

impatient

n. influence; effect; colliding of two bodies; touch

adj. unable to wait; intolerant; restless

imperative

impede34.

33.

Forms: plural: impacts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impede

imperative

v. to delay; to obstruct; to hinder; to prevent; to thwart

adj. necessary; obligatory; commanding

implement

imperative36.

35.

Forms: impeded; impeded; impeding ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

105

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

imperative

implement

n. necessity; obligation; command; order

v. to perform; to put into effect; to carry out; to execute; to realize Forms: implemented; implemented; implementing

implementation

implement38.

37.

Forms: plural: imperatives

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– implement

implementation

n. tool; instrument; piece of equipment

n. realization; carrying out; performing; putting into effect; execution Forms: plural: implementations

imply

implication40.

39.

Forms: plural: implements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– implication

imply

n. consequence; outcome; result; indirect suggestion;

v. to suggest indirectly; to hint; to infer; to mean; to import

connotation; hint Forms: implied; implied; implying

import

import42. impose

important44.

43.

41.

Forms: plural: implications

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– import

import

v. to bring from another place; to bring goods from a

n. brining in of goods from another country; opposite of

foreign country; to signify; to imply

export; meaning; significance

Forms: imported; imported; importing

Forms: plural: imports

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– important

impose

adj. significant; influential; essential; crucial; critical

v. to require; to compel; to force upon; to enforce; to institute

impress

impossible46.

45.

Forms: imposed; imposed; imposing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impossible

impress

adj. unbearable; cannot be done; cannot be endured

v. to affect strongly; to emphasize; to stamp

impressive

impression48.

47.

Forms: impressed; impressed; impressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impression

impressive

n. strong feeling or idea left by an experience; effect;

adj. grand; magnificent; striking

vague memory

improvement

improve50.

49.

Forms: plural: impressions ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

106

PHOTOCOPIABLE

inalienable

impulse52.

51.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

improve

improvement

v. to make better; to increase in quality; to enhance; to

n. something which enhances or improves; addition or

develop

change which adds value to something

Forms: improved; improved; improving

Forms: plural: improvements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– impulse

inalienable

n. instinctual urge; sudden desire; whim; wave of energy

adj. non-transferable

sent via a nerve

inbound

inanimate54. incentive

incentive56.

55.

53.

Forms: plural: impulses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inanimate

inbound

adj. lifeless; spiritless

adj. traveling in an inward direction

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– incentive

incentive

adj. provocative; stimulating; encouraging

n. stimulus; inducement; enticement; encouragement

incline

incinerator58. include

incline60. inclusive

including62.

61.

59.

57.

Forms: plural: incentives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– incinerator

incline

n. furnace which burns things to ashes

v. to slope; to bend; to bow; to slant; to influence

Forms: plural: incinerators

Forms: inclined; inclined; inclining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– incline

include

n. slope; grade; slant

v. to comprise; to contain; to embrace

Forms: plural: inclines

Forms: included; included; including

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– including

inclusive

adj. comprising; containing; embracing

adj. containing; comprehensive; all-embracing; extensive;

inconvenience

income64.

63.

taking in –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– income

inconvenience

n. amount of money received in payment for goods or

v. to cause discomfort; to trouble; to put out; to disturb

services or from other sources; revenue; profits Forms: plural: incomes

Forms: inconvenienced; inconvenienced;

incorrect

inconvenience66.

65.

inconveniencing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

107

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

inconvenience

incorrect

n. bother; disturbance; nuisance; discomfort

adj. wrong; erroneous; imprecise; unseemly; improper

increase

increase68. incumbent

incredible70. incur

incumbent72. independent

independent74.

73.

71.

69.

67.

Forms: plural: inconveniences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– increase

increase

v. to enlarge; to add to; to multiply; to raise; to intensify

n. growth; expansion; addition; enlargement; escalation

Forms: increased; increased; increasing

Forms: plural: increases

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– incredible

incumbent

adj. unbelievable; inconceivable; fabulous; great;

adj. presently holding an office or position; compulsory;

amazing

necessary; resting; lying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– incumbent

incur

n. person who currently holds an office or position

v. to meet with; to bring upon oneself; to acquire

Forms: plural: incumbents

Forms: incurred; incurred; incurring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– independent

independent

adj. free; autonomous; sovereign; self-reliant; self-

n. person who does not belong to any political party

sufficient

index

index76. indoor

indicate78.

77.

75.

Forms: plural: independents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– index

index

v. to register; to adjust prices or salaries in accordance

n. list of subjects or other information arranged in

with changes in economic indicators

alphabetical order; indicator; sign

Forms: indexed; indexed; indexing

Forms: plural: indexes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– indicate

indoor

v. to show; to point out; to mark; to signify; to imply; to

adj. occurring within a building; meant to be used inside

exhibit

indulge

induce80.

79.

Forms: indicated; indicated; indicating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– induce

indulge

v. to cause; to bring about; to set in motion; to influence

v. to give in to desire; to yield to; to satisfy; to spoil; to humor

industrialize

indulgence82.

81.

Forms: induced; induced; inducing

Forms: indulged; indulged; indulging

108

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

indulgence

industrialize

n. act of giving in to desire; something which gratifies;

v. to innovate and develop production

luxury; leniency Forms: industrialized; industrialized; industrializing

infancy

industry84.

83.

Forms: plural: indulgences

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– industry

infancy

n. manufacturing; trade; diligence; perseverance;

n. beginning phase of a project; babyhood

tendency to work hard Forms: plural: infancies

infant

infant86.

85.

Forms: plural: industries

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– infant

infant

adj. pertaining to a minor

n. baby; very young child; toddler; tot; minor

inference

infer88. inflict

inflation90.

89.

87.

Forms: plural: infants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– infer

inference

v. to derive; to conclude; to guess; to surmise; to hint

n. act of deriving; speculation; drawing of a conclusion

Forms: inferred; inferred; inferring

Forms: plural: inferences

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inflation

inflict

n. increase in the supply of money in relation to the

v. to impose; to cause something unpleasant

amount of goods available resulting in a rise in prices

influence

influence92.

91.

Forms: plural: inflations

Forms: inflicted; inflicted; inflicting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– influence

influence

n. effect; impact; person or thing which has power to

v. to affect; to impact; to impel; to control

affect others

inform

influx94.

93.

Forms: plural: influences

Forms: influenced; influenced; influencing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– influx

inform

n. inflow; inward flow; place where a stream flows into

v. to communicate data to; to tell; to brief; to notify

another body of water

information

informal96.

95.

Forms: plural: influxes

Forms: informed; informed; informing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– informal

information

adj. unofficial; relaxed; casual; easy; laid-back

n. knowledge; intelligence; data

inhabit

ingredient98.

97.

109

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

ingredient

inhabit

n. component; element; factor; one of the substances

v. to occupy; to live in; to dwell in; to reside in; to populate

which comprises a mixture Forms: inhabited; inhabited; inhabiting

inherent

inhabitant100.

99.

Forms: plural: ingredients

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inhabitant

inherent

n. person who lives in a particular place; resident; tenant; adj. intrinsic; existing as a natural and integral part; occupant

natural; inborn

initial

initial102.

101.

Forms: plural: inhabitants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– initial

initial

n. beginning letter of a person's first name; first letter (as

v. to sign using the first letter or letters of a name

of a word) Forms: initialed; initialed; initialing

initially

initialed104.

103.

Forms: plural: initials

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– initialed

initially

adj. signed with initials; marked with the first letter or

adv. at first; in the first place; at the beginning

initiative

initiate106.

105.

letter of a name –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– initiate

initiative

v. to set going; to launch; to begin; to start

adj. beginning; introductory

injure

initiative108.

107.

Forms: initiated; initiated; initiating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– initiative

injure

n. enterprise; drive; ambition; beginning move in a

v. to hurt; to wound; to insult; to offend; to damage

process; first step

injury

injured110.

109.

Forms: plural: initiatives

Forms: injured; injured; injuring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– injured

injury

adj. hurt; wounded; insulted; offended; damaged

n. hurt; wound; harm; damage; insult

innocent

innocent112.

111.

Forms: plural: injuries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– innocent

innocent

adj. not guilty; pure; simple; naive; unsophisticated;

n. person who is free from sin or wrongdoing

harmless

innovation

innovate114.

113.

Forms: plural: innocents ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

110

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

innovate

innovation

v. to make changes; to create something new; to invent

n. introduction of something new; change; new method or practice Forms: plural: innovations

inquiry

innovator116.

115.

Forms: innovated; innovated; innovating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– innovator

inquiry

n. person who makes changes; person who introduces

n. formal question; exploration; questioning; investigation

new methods or procedures; creative person Forms: plural: inquiries

insert

insert118.

117.

Forms: plural: innovators

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– insert

insert

v. to place in; to put in; to add to

n. something created separately for the purpose of being added to or placed inside (a book, newspaper, etc.) Forms: plural: inserts

inspect

insist120. inspector

inspection122. inspire

inspiration124.

123.

121.

119.

Forms: inserted; inserted; inserting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– insist

inspect

v. to demand; to emphasize firmly; to request firmly; to

v. to check; to look over carefully and critically; to

require; to persevere

examine officially; to review

Forms: insisted; insisted; insisting

Forms: inspected; inspect; inspecting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inspection

inspector

n. act of looking over carefully and critically; official

n. person whose job it is to supervise and examine;

examination; audit; review

police officer ranking below a superintendent

Forms: plural: inspections

Forms: plural: inspectors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inspiration

inspire

n. stimulus; motivation; revelation; insight; idea

v. to motivate; to stimulate; to provoke; to influence; to encourage

install

inspiring126.

125.

Forms: plural: inspiration

Forms: inspired; inspired; inspiring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inspiring

install

adj. motivating; stimulating; encouraging; provoking;

v. to set up for use; to put in (i.e. machinery); to establish

inhaling

in an office or position

instance

instalment128.

127.

Forms: installed; installed; installing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

111

PHOTOCOPIABLE

instant

instance130.

129.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

instalment

instance

n. one of several separate payments into which a debt

v. to refer to a case or occurrence to explain or prove a

has been divided

point; to cite; to mention

Forms: plural: instalments

Forms: instanced; instanced; instancing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instance

instant

n. occurrence; occasion; example; illustration

adj. immediate; quick; urgent; pressing; present; current

instantaneously

instant132.

131.

Forms: plural: instances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instant

instantaneously

n. moment; very short space of time; current month

adv. immediately; momentarily

instinctively

instead134. institute

institute136.

135.

133.

Forms: plural: instants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instead

instinctively

adv. in place of; as a replacement

adv. naturally; spontaneously; intuitively; automatically

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– institute

institute

v. to establish; to set up; to begin; to initiate; to start

n. foundation; organization which provides a certain service or supports a particular cause

instruct

institution138. instructor

instruction140.

139.

137.

Forms: instituted; instituted; instituting

Forms: plural: institutes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– institution

instruct

n. organization; custom; convention; law or activity which

v. to inform; to direct; to guide; to command; to order; to

is accepted in a society

educate

Forms: plural: institutions

Forms: instructed; instructed; instructing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instruction

instructor

n. teaching; direction; guidance; training; education;

n. educator; teacher; trainer

information

instrument

instrument142.

141.

Forms: plural: instructions

Forms: plural: instructors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– instrument

instrument

v. to equip with devices for measuring, recording, or

n. tool; implement; device; appliance; agent; means

controlling

insult

insulate144.

143.

Forms: instrumented; instrumented; instrumenting

Forms: plural: instruments

112

PHOTOCOPIABLE

insurance

insult146. integrity

insure148.

147.

145.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

insulate

insult

v. to separate from others; to segregate

n. affront; offense; rude remark or action

Forms: insulated; insulated; insulating

Forms: plural: insults

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– insult

insurance

v. to speak or act in a rude or contemptuous manner; to

n. contract by which property or persons are guaranteed

offend; to affront

against damage or loss

Forms: insulted; insulted; insulting

Forms: plural: insurance

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– insure

integrity

v. to provide a guarantee against possible damage or

n. honesty; uprightness; morality; wholeness; unity

loss; to make certain

intend

intelligence150.

149.

Forms: insured; insured; insuring

Forms: plural: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intelligence

intend

intensify

intense152.

151.

n. ability to reason and understand; cleverness; brilliance; v. to plan; to mean; to have in mind do or accomplish; to information

designate for a particular purpose

Forms: plural: no plural

Forms: intended; intended; intending

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intense

intensify

adj. extreme; great; powerful; strong; profound

v. to increase; to strengthen; to heighten

intensive

intensity154.

153.

Forms: intensified; intensified; intensifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intensity

intensive

n. strength; energy; extreme degree; depth; clarity

adj. characterized by a high degree; highly concentrated

intent

intent156.

155.

Forms: plural: intensities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intent

intent

n. plan; goal; aim; objective; meaning

adj. concentrated; focused; determined; resolute; purposeful

interchangeable

intention158.

157.

Forms: plural: intents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intention

interchangeable

n. plan; aim; goal; purpose

adj. can be traded; can be substituted by something else

interest

interest160.

159.

Forms: plural: intentions ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

113

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

interest

n. concern; affair; percentage on a loan which is paid

v. to cause to become involved in; to arouse curiosity

over time Forms: interested; interested; interesting

interim

interfere162.

161.

Forms: plural: interests

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interfere

interim

v. to impede; to obstruct; to hinder; to meddle

adj. temporary; provisional

interim

interim164.

163.

Forms: interfered; interfered; interfering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interim

interim

adv. meanwhile; in the meantime

n. temporary arrangement; in between period

interior

interior166.

165.

Forms: plural: interims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interior

interior

n. inside a building; inland section of a country

adj. inner; inside; inland; of a country's domestic affairs; of an individual's inner life

intermittent

interject168.

167.

Forms: plural: interiors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interject

intermittent

v. to place between other things; to throw into the center

adj. not continuous; sporadic; fitful; alternately stopping

and starting

internal

internal170.

169.

Forms: plural: interjected; interjected; interjecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– internal

internal

n. inner quality; intrinsic characteristic

adj. inner; inside; located within; of a country's domestic affairs

internationalize

international172.

171.

Forms: plural: internals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– international

internationalize

adj. between countries; of relations between two or more

v. to globalize; to make worldwide

countries Forms: internationalized; internationalized;

interpreter

interpret174.

173.

internationalizing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

114

PHOTOCOPIABLE

interruption

interrupt176.

175.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

interpret

interpreter

v. to explain; to clarify; to elucidate; to understand or

n. person who translates from one language to another

explain in a particular way

(orally); person how clarifies; commentator

Forms: interpreted; interpreted; interpreting

Forms: plural: interpreters

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interrupt

interruption

v. to stop; to discontinue; to disturb; to bring a

n. disturbance; discontinuance; stoppage; cutting-off

conversation to a halt Forms: plural: interruptions

interview

interview178.

177.

Forms: interrupted; interrupted; interrupting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interview

interview

n. meeting at which a person is evaluated through

v. to question formally; to evaluate through questioning

questioning (as for a job) Forms: interviewed; interviewed; interviewing

interviewer

interviewee180. introduce

intricate182.

181.

179.

Forms: plural: interviews

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– interviewee

interviewer

n. person who is being asked questions; job candidate

n. person who ask questions (i.e. reporter or employer)

Forms: plural: interviewees

Forms: plural: interviewers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– intricate

introduce

adj. complex; complicated; involved; entangled

v. to present for the first time; to initiate; to establish; to announce

introductory

introduction184.

183.

Forms: introduced; introduced; introducing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– introduction

introductory

n. act of acquainting one person with another; preface

adj. preliminary; beginning

invention

invent186.

185.

Forms: plural: introductions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– invent

invention

v. to originate; to create; to design; to fabricate; to

n. creativity; resourcefulness; fabrication; falsehood

concoct

inventor

inventive188.

187.

Forms: invented; invented; inventing

Forms: plural: inventions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– inventive

inventor

adj. creative; new; original

n. creator; designer

inventory

inventory190.

189.

Forms: plural: inventors ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

115

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

inventory

n. stock; list of assets; act of checking stock

v. to make a detailed list of property; to summarize; to sum up the worth of Forms: inventoried; inventoried; inventorying

investment

invest192. invisible

investor194.

193.

191.

Forms: plural: inventories

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– invest

investment

v. to expend money or effort for future benefits; to grant;

n. expenditure of money or effort for future benefits;

to install; to cover; to authorize

authorization

Forms: invested; invested; investing

Forms: plural: investments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– investor

invisible

n. person who puts money into a project

adj. impossible to see; imperceptible; hidden; concealed

invite

invitation196.

195.

Forms: plural: investors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– invitation

invite

n. request for one's presence; summons; call

v. to request the presence of; to solicit; to attract; to encourage; to promote

invoice

invoice198. involvement

involve200.

199.

197.

Forms: plural: invitations

Forms: invited; invited; inviting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– invoice

invoice

n. bill

v. to bill; to charge

Forms: plural: invoices

Forms: invoiced; invoiced; invoicing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– involve

involvement

v. to cause to be concerned with; to engage; to engross

n. inclusion; participation; connection; association; relation

irritate

irrelevant202.

201.

Forms: involved; involved; involving

Forms: plural: involvements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– irrelevant

irritate

adj. beside the point; unconnected; impertinent;

v. to annoy; to bother; to aggravate; to anger

immaterial

irritation

irritated204.

203.

Forms: irritated; irritated; irritating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– irritated

irritation

adj. annoyed; aggravated; exasperated

n. something which annoys or aggravates

issue

issue206.

205.

Forms: plural: irritations ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

116

PHOTOCOPIABLE

itemize

item208.

207.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

issue

n. topic; subject; matter; question; problem; publication

v. to publish; to distribute; to circulate; to emit

Forms: plural: issues

Forms: issued; issued; issuing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– item

itemize

n. thing; object; article; news story; piece of information

v. to catalog; to list; to enumerate; to set down in full detail

itinerary

209.

Forms: plural: items

Forms: itemized; itemized; itemizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– itinerary n. route; travel plans; travel journal Forms: plural: itineraries ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

117

PHOTOCOPIABLE

jeopardy

jeopardize2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

J1.

jeopardize

jeopardy

v. to endanger; to place in danger; to imperil; to put at risk n. danger; peril; hazard; risk; endangerment Forms: plural: jeopardies

join

jeopardy4.

Forms: jeopardized; jeopardized; jeopardizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– jeopardy

join

v. to endanger; to imperil; to put at risk; to place in danger v. to attach; to connect; to unite; to combine; to become a member Forms: joined; joined; joining

journal

venture6.

joint journey

journalist8.

Forms: jeopardized; jeopardized; jeopardizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– joint venture

journal

n. collective enterprise; group endeavor; collaboration

n. newspaper; magazine; diary; blog; bookkeeping ledger

Forms: plural: joint ventures

Forms: plural: journals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– journalist

journey

n. reporter; person who writes for a newspaper or

n. long trip; distance; voyage

magazine; correspondent

judge

journey10.

Forms: plural: journalists

Forms: plural: journeys

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– journey

judge

v. to travel; to take a trip

n. person who presides over court trials; arbiter; expert; critic

junction

judge12. justify

13.

11.

Forms: journeyed; journeyed; journeying

Forms: plural: judges

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– judge

junction

v. to criticize; to assess; to determine; to rule

n. intersection; crossing; connection

Forms: judged; judged; judging

Forms: plural: junctions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– justify v. to vindicate; to defend; to support; to excuse Forms: justified; justified; justifying ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

118

PHOTOCOPIABLE

keep key

key4.

keep2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

K1.

keep

n. wages; living; stronghold

v. to hold onto; to save; to store; to watch over; to care for

Forms: plural: keeps

Forms: kept; kept; keeping

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– key

key

n. device used to open locks; button on a board

v. to fit; to adapt; to adjust; to tune; to supply with an explanatory device Forms: keyed; keyed; keying

kind

key6.

Forms: plural: keys

kind

adj. important; significant; fundamental; necessary;

n. type; sort; class; group of things which are classed

crucial

together because of their similarities

kindly

kind8.

Forms: plural: kinds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– kind

kindly

adj. gentle; good-hearted; understanding; compassionate adj. nicely; thoughtfully; graciously; considerately;

kit

kit10. knowledge

know12.

11.

sympathetically –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– kit

kit

n. set; equipment; outfit; clothing; wash basin

v. to equip; to outfit with supplies

Forms: plural: kits

Forms: kitted; kitted; kitting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– know

knowledge

v. to be acquainted with; to understand; to distinguish; to

n. familiarity; understanding; wisdom; education;

be aware of

awareness

Forms: knew; known; knowing

Forms: no plural

119

PHOTOCOPIABLE

labor

Ltd.2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

L1.

Ltd.

labor

abbr. firm, company that is organized in such a way as to v. to work; to toil; to exert oneself; to work hard give its owners limited liability Forms: labored; labored; laboring

lack

labor4.

Forms: Limited (Ld., ld)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– labor

lack

n. strenuous physical or mental work; toil; exertion

v. to be short of; to be without; to be missing; to need; to want Forms: lacked; lacked; lacking

landscape

lack6. language

landscaper8.

Forms: plural: labors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lack

landscape

n. need; want; shortage; absence

n. view; scenery; horizontal page orientation

Forms: plural: lacks

Forms: plural: landscapes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– landscaper

language

n. person who designs gardens or large areas

n. spoken or written words with which people communicate thoughts and feelings

last

large10.

Forms: plural: landscapers

Forms: plural: languages

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– large

last

adj. big; enormous; wide; spacious; famous

v. to continue; to suffice; to endure; to persist

last

last12. lasting

last14.

13.

11.

Forms: lasted; lasted; lasting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– last

last

adj. coming after all others; most recent; final; newest

adv. after all others; finally; at the end; most recently

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– last

lasting

n. end; conclusion; final appearance; power of

adj. continuing; enduring; remaining for a long time;

endurance; vitality; unit of weight

durable

late

lasting16.

15.

Forms: plural: lasts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lasting

late

n. strong durable fabric; persistence

adv. after the usual or expected time; tardily; recently; far on time; formerly

launch

late18.

17.

Forms: plural: no plural ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

120

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

late

launch

adj. coming or occurring after the usual or expected time; v. to start; to run; to activate; to inaugurate; to break into tardy; slow; delayed

law

launch20. lawyer

lawsuit22. layer

off24.

lay

23.

21.

19.

Forms: launched; launched; launching –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– launch

law

n. act of sending out; act of starting or initiating;

n. rule enacted by a community or country; custom;

commencement; inauguration

principle; convention

Forms: plural: launches

Forms: plural: laws

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lawsuit

lawyer

n. case in a court of law brought by one party against

n. person who represents people in a court or advises

another; legal claim

them on legal matters; attorney; barrister

Forms: plural: lawsuits

Forms: plural: lawyers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lay off

layer

v. to postpone; to dismiss from a job; to fire

n. thickness of some material that covers a surface; covering; bed; stratum

layout

layman26.

25.

Forms: laid off; laid off; laying off

Forms: plural: layers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– layman

layout

n. unexperienced person

n. arrangement; plan; sketch; drawing; something which has been arranged

lead

lb28.

27.

Forms: plural: laymen

Forms: plural: layouts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lb

lead

abbr. pound; unit of weight in ancient Rome equaling

v. to conduct; to guide; to direct; to influence

approximately 12 ounces

lead

lead30.

29.

Forms: libra (lb.)

Forms: led; led; leading

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lead

lead

adj. most important; main; first; opening; beginning

n. guidance; advance position; first place; guide

leaflet

leader32.

31.

Forms: plural: leads ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

121

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

leader

leaflet

n. head; chief; director; carrier; main article

n. sheet of paper on which information has been printed; flyer Forms: plural: leaflets

lease

leakage34.

33.

Forms: plural: leaders

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– leakage

lease

n. something which escapes or passes through a hole or

v. to rent out property for a specific period of time; to let

opening (i.e. liquid, gas, etc.) Forms: leased; leased; leasing

least

lease36.

35.

Forms: plural: leakages

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lease

least

n. a contract granting use or occupation of property

adj. smallest in size; smallest in amount; lowest in

during a specified time for a specified payment

importance

least

least38.

37.

Forms: plural: leases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– least

least

adv. to the smallest extent possible

n. something which is smallest in size or importance

leave

leather40.

39.

Forms: plural: leasts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– leather

leave

n. tanned and preserved animal skin; item made of

v. to depart; to exit; to quit; to omit; to let alone

animal skin

lecture

leave42. legacy

lecture44. legitimate

legal46. leisure

legitimate48.

47.

45.

43.

41.

Forms: plural: leathers

Forms: left; left; leaving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– leave

lecture

n. vacation; time off; permission to be absent; departure;

v. to deliver a discourse before an audience; to reprimand

farewell

tediously

Forms: plural: leaves

Forms: lectured; lectured; lecturing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lecture

legacy

n. discourse given before an audience; tedious

n. inheritance; bequest; something handed down from

reprimand; formal reproof

one's ancestors

Forms: plural: lectures

Forms: plural: legacies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– legal

legitimate

adj. of or pertaining to the law; allowed by law

adj. lawful; acceptable; justified; authorized

122

PHOTOCOPIABLE

lesson

lend50.

49.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

legitimate

leisure

v. to make valid; to make lawful; to justify; to make

n. time free from work other demands and duties; free

permissible

time; rest; recreation

Forms: legitimated; legitimated; legitimating

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lend

lesson

v. to give on a temporary basis; to give money as a loan;

v. to instruct; to teach; to scold; to reprove; to rebuke

to donate Forms: lessoned; lessoned; lessoning

letter

lesson52. level

letterhead54. level

level56.

55.

53.

51.

Forms: lent; lent; lending

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lesson

letter

n. exercise; assignment given to a student; something to

n. character which is part of an alphabet; written

be studied and learned

communication sent to a person or organization

Forms: plural: lessons

Forms: plural: letters

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– letterhead

level

n. line printed at the top of a piece of stationary

v. to straighten; to flatten; to make even; to equalize

Forms: plural: letterheads

Forms: leveled; leveled; leveling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– level

level

adj. straight; equal; even; honest

n. degree; rank; height; plane; flat horizontal plain

leverage

lever58. levy

leverage60.

59.

57.

Forms: plural: levels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lever

leverage

n. a simple machine that gives a mechanical advantage

v. to use one's influence to affect people or

when given a fulcrum

circumstances

Forms: plural: levers

Forms: leveraged; leveraged; leveraging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– leverage

levy

n. influence; ability to affect or alter people or

v. to impose a tax or fine; to conscript troops

circumstance

liability

levy62. liberal

liable64.

63.

61.

Forms: no plural

Forms: levied; levied; levying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– levy

liability

n. a charge imposed and collected

n. financial obligation; debt; responsibility; obligation

Forms: plural: levies

Forms: plural: liabilities

123

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

liable

liberal

adj. under legal obligation; responsible; prone

adj. in favor of reform; supporting a progressive

library

liberal66. license

license68.

67.

65.

philosophy; tolerant; open-minded –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– liberal

library

n. person who favors political and social reform

n. place where one can borrow books

Forms: plural: liberals

Forms: plural: libraries

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– license

license

v. to grant a permit; to authorize; to permit; to allow

n. permit; official permission; authorization; document which shows proof of authorization; certificate Forms: plural: licenses

likelihood

lifestyle70. likely

likely72.

71.

69.

Forms: licensed; licensed; licensing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lifestyle

likelihood

n. way of life

n. probability; chance; feasibility; possibility

Forms: plural: lifestyles

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– likely

likely

adj. reasonable; probable; possible; appropriate;

adv. seemingly; probably

limit

limit74. line

limited76.

75.

73.

promising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– limit

limit

v. to create boundaries; to restrict; to reduce; to function

n. point at which something ends; edge; border;

as a border

restriction; restraint

Forms: limited; limited; limiting

Forms: plural: limits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– limited

line

adj. confined within a boundary; restricted; narrow;

v. to place in a row; to cover the inside of; to pad

mediocre

link

line78. list

link80.

79.

77.

Forms: lined; lined; lining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– line

link

n. long thin mark; row; border; domain; tactic

v. to join; to connect; to associate with; to relate to

Forms: plural: lines

Forms: linked; linked; linking

124

PHOTOCOPIABLE

litter

list82.

81.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

link

list

n. connection; relation; association; one ring of a chain;

v. to write or print a series of names or items according to

ring

a certain order; to inscribe; to record

Forms: plural: links

Forms: listed; listed; listing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– list

litter

n. roll; roster; inventory; strip; band

v. to toss or dump garbage in an unauthorized place; to scatter objects in disorder Forms: littered; littered; littering

load

litter84. loan

load86. local

loan88.

87.

85.

83.

Forms: plural: lists

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– litter

load

n. refuse; trash; disorder

v. to fill; to pack (with goods, cargo, etc.)

Forms: plural: litters

Forms: loaded; loaded; loading

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– load

loan

n. something carried; cargo; burden; unit of measure or

v. to lend a sum of money for a period of time; to give

weight; capacity

temporarily

Forms: plural: loads

Forms: loaned; loaned; loaning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– loan

local

n. amount of money that has been borrowed; something

adj. characterized; by or occupying a particular place

borrowed; act of giving temporarily

locate

local90. location

located92.

91.

89.

Forms: plural: loans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– local

locate

n. person who is native to or resides in a particular area

v. to situate; to place; to identify; to find; to settle

Forms: plural: locals

Forms: located; located; locating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– located

location

adj. situated; placed; identified; found; existing; standing

n. place; position; situation; site; spot

lock

lock94.

93.

Forms: plural: locations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lock

lock

v. to fix in place; to link firmly together; to be held in place n. fastening mechanism which is opened with a key or other device

logistics

locksmith96.

95.

Forms: locked; locked; locking

Forms: plural: locks

125

PHOTOCOPIABLE

forward

look

logo98.

97.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

locksmith

logistics

n. person who who makes and fixes keys and fasting

n. planning and execution; management of a business or

mechanisms

other operation

Forms: plural: locksmiths

Forms: only plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– logo

look forward to

n. graphic symbol which represents a company or

v. to anticipate gladly

organization Forms: looked forward to; looked forward to; looking

Forms: plural: logos

over

look

into100.

look loom

loom102. loop

loop104.

103.

101.

99.

forward to –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– look into

look over

v. to investigate

v. to examine

Forms: looked into; looked into; looking into

Forms: looked over; looked over; looking over

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– loom

loom

v. to appear as a large and indistinct form; to appear as

n. apparatus on which fabrics are woven; weaving

larger than life; to impend

machine

Forms: loomed; loomed; looming

Forms: plural: looms

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– loop

loop

v. to make circular shape

n. fastener consisting of a metal ring for lining a small hole to permit the attachment of cords or lines

loss

lose106.

105.

Forms: looped; looped; looping

Forms: plural: loops

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lose

loss

v. to misplace; to be deprived of; to be defeated; to fail;

n. opposite of profit; deprivation; defeat; destruction

opposite of to win

lounge

lounge108.

107.

Forms: lost; lost; losing

Forms: plural: losses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lounge

lounge

v. to lie down; to recline; to move in a relaxed manner; to

n. sofa; couch; lobby; slow walk; stroll

walk lazily

loyalty

loyal110.

109.

Forms: lounged; lounged; lounging

Forms: plural: lounges

126

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

loyal

loyalty

adj. faithful; true to one's obligations

n. faithfulness; devotion; constancy

lucrative

lucid112.

111.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lucid

lucrative

adj. comprehensible; intelligible; rational; transparent;

adj. profitable; yielding monetary rewards; gainful

lumber

luggage114.

113.

bright –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– luggage

lumber

n. suitcases; cases and bags carried by travelers

n. trees that have been sawed into rough planks; useless items that been put in storage

luncheon

lumber116.

115.

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– lumber

luncheon

v. to move heavily or awkwardly; to accumulate; to collect n. afternoon party where a light meal is served Forms: lumbered; lumbered; lumbering

Forms: plural: luncheons

127

PHOTOCOPIABLE

machine

machine2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

M1.

machine

n. device made up of interconnected parts that work

v. to produce via mechanical means

together to perform a given task or function Forms: machined; machined; machining

mail

magnificent4.

Forms: plural: machines

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– magnificent

mail

adj. splendid; majestic; superb; glorious; impressive

n. postal service; letters and other items that are sent via the postal service

mailing

mail6. main

main8.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mail

mailing

v. to send a letter or other item via the postal service; to

n. large batch of letters sent at one time by a single

post

sender; rented property

Forms: mailed; mailed; mailing

Forms: plural: mailings

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– main

main

n. principal pipe or duct in a system; chief part of

adj. principal; head; chief

something; strength or force; high sea

maintain

mainframe10.

Forms: plural: mains –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mainframe

maintain

n. computer which can serve many users simultaneously

v. to keep in existence; to preserve; to support; to provide for

major

maintenance12.

11.

Forms: plural: mainframes

Forms: maintained; maintained; maintaining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– maintenance

major

n. upkeep; repairs; livelihood; means of support

n. military rank above captain; main subject of study chosen by a college or university student

major

major14.

13.

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: majors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– major

major

v. to specialize in a certain field

adj. more important than others; great; serious

mall

majority16.

15.

Forms: majored; majored; majoring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– majority

mall

n. greater number or part; number greater than half of the n. shopping center; pedestrian walkway; promenade total

management

manage18.

17.

Forms: plural: majorities

Forms: plural: malls

128

PHOTOCOPIABLE

managerial

manager20.

19.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

manage

management

v. to administer; to direct; to supervise; to accomplish; to

n. person of group of people that runs and administers a

handle

business or other enterprise

Forms: managed; managed; managing

Forms: plural: managements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– manager

managerial

n. person who runs a company; director; administrator;

adj. relating to supervision and responsibility

supervisor

mandate

mandate22.

21.

Forms: plural: managers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mandate

mandate

n. command; order; authorization granted from one body

v. to issue a command; to make an official order

to a subordinate body Forms: mandated; mandated; mandating

manual

manner24. manually

manual26. manufacture

manufacture28. margin

margin30.

29.

27.

25.

23.

Forms: plural: mandates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– manner

manual

n. mode; fashion; style; behavior; way; type

n. instructional booklet; handbook

Forms: plural: manners

Forms: plural: manuals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– manual

manually

adj. physical; done using human skill or force

adv. by hand; physically

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– manufacture

manufacture

n. product made by hand or by machine

v. to make by machine; to produce; to fabricate; to invent

Forms: plural: manufactures

Forms: manufactured; manufactured; manufacturing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– margin

margin

n. profit from the difference between costs and net sales

v. to set apart an additional amount of space or money for security

mark

mark32. market

market34.

33.

31.

Forms: plural: margins

Forms: margined; margined; margining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mark

mark

n. sign; indication; symbol; grade; trace

v. to indicate; to signal; to write down; to record; to notice

Forms: plural: marks

Forms: marked; marked; marking

129

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

market

n. demand for goods or services; rate of purchase and

v. to sell; to trade or deal; to distribute; to promote

sale; fair Forms: marketed; marketed; marketing

match

match36. matter

maternal38.

37.

35.

Forms: plural: markets

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– match

match

n. competition; equal opponent; partner; counterweight;

v. to be compatible; to be suitable; to be an equal

game

competitor; to compare

Forms: plural: matches

Forms: matched; matched; matching

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– maternal

matter

adj. motherly; related through a mother; relating to or

n. issue; affair; question; problem; substance of a

characteristic of a mother or motherhood

particular composition and consistency

maximum

maximum40.

39.

Forms: plural: matters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– maximum

maximum

n. greatest quantity or amount possible; highest capacity

adj. greatest; most; utmost; highest

mean

mayor42. mean

mean44.

43.

41.

Forms: plural: maximums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mayor

mean

n. elected official acting as executive head of a town or

n. midpoint; middle; equally far from two extremes;

city

average

Forms: plural: mayors

Forms: plural: means

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mean

mean

v. to signify; to be significant; to intend; to indicate

adj. average; middle; unkind; base; inferior

meaning

meaning46.

45.

Forms: meant; meant; meaning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– meaning

meaning

n. definition; significance; intention; explanation

adj. significant; important

measurable

means48.

47.

Forms: plural: meanings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– means

measurable

n. method; way; medium; resources; funds

adj. estimable; determinable; assessable

measure

measure50.

49.

Forms: only plural ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

130

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

measure

n. action; step; criterion; amount; degree; extent

v. to gauge; to quantify; to assess; to evaluate; to estimate Forms: measured; measured; measuring

medicine

measurement52.

51.

Forms: plural: measures

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– measurement

medicine

medium

mediocre54.

53.

n. calculation of size or extent; assessment of capacity or n. art and science of disease treatment and health dimension

maintenance; remedy; drug

Forms: plural: measurements

Forms: plural: medicines

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mediocre

medium

adj. regular; ordinary; low-grade; poor

n. means of expression; channel of communication; middle man; intermediary; broker

membership

member56. mend

memo58.

57.

55.

Forms: plural: media –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– member

membership

n. person who belongs to an organization or group; part;

n. state of belonging to an organization or group;

organ

fellowship

Forms: plural: members

Forms: plural: memberships

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– memo

mend

n. reminder; internal document

n. reform; repair; act of repairing; state of healing or improvement

mental

mend60.

59.

Forms: plural: memos

Forms: plural: mends

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mend

mental

v. to repair; to improve; to be improved

adj. of or relating to the mind; intellectual; psychosocial

mention

mention62.

61.

Forms: mended; mended; mending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mention

mention

n. direct or incidental reference; recognition of an

v. to remind of; to state; to refer to; to hint at; to indicate

achievement

mentor64.

63.

Forms: plural: mentions

Forms: mentioned; mentioned; mentioning

131

PHOTOCOPIABLE

merchandise

merchandise66.

65.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

mentor

n. adviser; counselor; person who guides and teaches;

n. list of choices; list of commands or options which may

spiritual instructor

be selected

Forms: plural: mentors

Forms: plural: menus

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– merchandise

merchandise

n. goods; ware; stock; articles or items to be sold

v. to trade; to plan for and promote for sales of; to market goods Forms: merchandised; merchandised; merchandising

merger

merge68.

67.

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– merge

merger

v. to blend; to be blended; to combine or unite into a

n. fusion; agglomeration

single body; to be assimilated Forms: plural: mergers

messenger

message70. method

meter72. metropolitan

meticulous74.

73.

71.

69.

Forms: merged; merged; merging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– message

messenger

n. communication; information; announcement; note;

n. person employed to deliver official dispatches or go on

memo; intimation

special errands

Forms: plural: messages

Forms: plural: messengers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– meter

method

n. instrument that automatically measures quantities of

n. procedure; plan of action; way; manner in which one

substances (gas, water or electricity)

conducts business; technique

Forms: plural: meters

Forms: plural: methods

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– meticulous

metropolitan

adj. pedantic; cautious concerning minute details;

n. resident of a capital city; sophisticated big-city person

scrupulous

mid-range

metropolitan76.

75.

Forms: plural: metropolitans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– metropolitan

mid-range

adj. characteristic of a capital city; sophisticated

n. pertaining to a value that is approximately in the middle of a series of values

midmorning

midday78.

77.

Forms: plural: mid-ranges ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

132

PHOTOCOPIABLE

might

might80. mind

millennium82.

81.

79.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

midday

midmorning

n. noon; 12 a.m.

n. before noon

Forms: plural: middays

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– might

might

n. strength; power; force; bravery

v. can; to allow; to be possible; to wish

Forms: plural: mights

Forms: could; might have

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– millennium

mind

n. unit of time equal to one thousand years; thousandth

n. brain; memory; recollection; opinion; intention; desire

year anniversary Forms: plural: minds

minimum

mind84. minority

minimum86.

85.

83.

Forms: plural: millenniums

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mind

minimum

v. to pay attention to; to supervise; to regret; to oppose;

n. least possible amount; smallest possible size; lowest

to remember; to notice

degree

Forms: minded; minded; minding

Forms: plural: minimums

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– minimum

minority

adj. pertaining to the smallest; indicating the least

n. part of a population differing in some characteristic; state of being under legal age

minute

minute88. minutely

minute90.

89.

87.

Forms: plural: minorities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– minute

minute

n. unit of time equal to 60 seconds; 1/60 of an hour;

v. to record the proceedings of a meeting; to make a

memo; protocol; memorandum

memorandum

Forms: plural: minutes

Forms: minuted; minuted; minuting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– minute

minutely

adj. tiny; extremely small; trivial; petty; accurate

adv. meticulously; exactingly; scrupulously; diligently;

misgiving

miserably92.

91.

thoroughly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– miserably

misgiving

adv. without pleasure or happiness; wretchedly; poorly

n. apprehension; worry; doubt; hesitation; reservation

mistake

mission94.

93.

Forms: plural: misgivings ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

133

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

mission

mistake

n. task; assignment; delegation; errand; religious

n. blunder; fault; error

delegation Forms: plural: mistakes

mistreatment

mistake96. misunderstanding

misunderstand98.

97.

95.

Forms: plural: missions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mistake

mistreatment

v. to make an error; to be wrong; to confuse

n. abuse; molestation

Forms: mistook; mistaken; mistaking

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– misunderstand

misunderstanding

v. to interpret incorrectly; to comprehend incorrectly

n. incorrect interpretation

mobilize

mitigate100. modest

moderately102.

101.

99.

Forms: misunderstood; misunderstood; misunderstanding Forms: plural: misunderstandings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mitigate

mobilize

v. to soften in force or severity; to lessen the impact or

v. to move; to circulate; to draft; to assemble for action

intensity of; to appease

(especially armed reserves)

Forms: mitigated; mitigated; mitigating

Forms: mobilized; mobilized; mobilizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– moderately

modest

adv. mildly; deliberatively; in a temperate manner; not

adj. humble; unpretentious; unassuming; simple; limited

mollify

modification104.

103.

excessively; reasonably –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– modification

mollify

n. change; adjustment, agreement; adaptation; restriction v. to calm; to soften; to pacify; to relieve

monetize

momentum106.

105.

Forms: plural: modifications

Forms: mollified; mollified; mollifying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– momentum

monetize

n. force of movement; strength or motivation derived from v. to turn into profit; to generate revenue an initial effort

supply

money

money108. monitor

monitor110.

109.

107.

Forms: plural: monumentums

Forms: monetized; monetized; monetizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– money

money supply

n. coins and paper notes which have value; currency;

n. the total amount of funds in circulation in a given

medium of trade; wealth

country's economy

Forms: plural: monies or moneys

Forms: plural: money supplies

134

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

monitor

v. to supervise; to observe; to follow up on; to check up

n. supervisor; device for regulating; screen

on Forms: plurals: masc.: monitors; fem.: monitresses or

Forms: monitored; monitored; monitoring

moral

mood112.

111.

monitrixes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mood

moral

n. state of mind; predominant emotion

adj. ethical; virtuous; righteous; principled; having integrity

mortgage

moral114.

113.

Forms: plural: moods –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– moral

mortgage

n. ethic; lesson; principle

v. to sign over property to a creditor as security for money that is owed; to obligate Forms: mortgaged; mortgaged; mortgaging

motivate

mortgage116.

115.

Forms: plural: morals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– mortgage

motivate

motive

motivation118.

117.

n. conditional conveyance of property as for security on a v. to prompt; to spur; to provide inspiration; to stir to loan; pledging; lien

action; to induce

Forms: plural: mortgages

Forms: motivated; motivated; motivating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– motivation

motive

n. incentive; drive; inspiration; state of being stirred to

adj. of reason or cause; inspiring to action

action

move

motive120. mth.

move122.

121.

119.

Forms: plural: motivations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– motive

move

n. something that causes a person to act; cause;

v. to act on; to transfer from one place to another; to

incentive; purpose; intention

change residence

Forms: plural: motives

Forms: moved; moved; moving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– move

mth.

n. change of residence; action; turn in a game; formal

abbr. period of about 30 days or 4 weeks; 1/12 of a year

request or proposition

mull

mull124.

123.

Forms: plural: moves

Forms: month

135

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

mull

v. to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to heat and

n. thin muslin fabric (Hindi); beach cliff (Scottish)

spice for drinking Forms: plural: mulls

must

must126.

125.

Forms: mulled: mulled: mulling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– must

must

v. to have to; to be obligated; to be likely or probable

n. necessity; obligation; new wine; grape juice that has not yet fermented

myriad

127.

Forms: must; must; must

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– myriad n. great number of persons or things; many; a lot; composed of a countless number of items Forms: plural: myriads ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

136

PHOTOCOPIABLE

name name

name4.

N/A2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

N1.

N/A

name

abbr. describing something that can be left out isn't

n. word or phrase by which someone or something is

required

called or identified; moniker

Forms: not available; not applicable

Forms: plural: names

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– name

name

v. to appoint; to specify; to identify; to designate

adj. reputed; famous

narrow

narrow6.

Forms: named; named; naming –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– narrow

narrow

v. to limit; to restrict; to contract; to lessen in width; to

adj. tight; strait; reduced; not wide

taper

nearby

nationality8.

Forms: narrowed; narrowed; narrowing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nationality

nearby

n. citizenship; patriotism

adj. close at hand

necessarily

nearby10. necessary

necessary12.

11.

Forms: plural: nationalities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nearby

necessarily

adv. next to; alongside

adv. as a logical result; unavoidably

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– necessary

necessary

n. something that is essential or imperative; essentials of

adj. vital; essential; indispensable; unavoidable

life (food, clothing, and shelter)

need

necessity14.

13.

Forms: plural: necessaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– necessity

need

n. obligation; need; requirement

n. requirement; shortage of an indispensable item; distress; hardship

neglect

need16.

15.

Forms: plural: necessities

Forms: plural: needs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– need

neglect

v. to require; to be in distress; to be under hardship; to be n. disregard; inattention; forgetfulness; abandonment obligated

negligence

neglect18.

17.

Forms: needed; needed; needing

Forms: plural: neglects

137

PHOTOCOPIABLE

negotiate

negotiable20.

19.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

neglect

negligence

v. to disregard; to ignore; to forget to perform (a duty); to

n. neglect; disregard; carelessness; failure to provide the

shirk; to abandon

necessary provision for (Law)

Forms: neglected; neglected; neglecting

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– negotiable

negotiate

adj. describing an asset or item which can easily be sold

v. to bargain; to deal; to work out; to compromise; to clear

or transferred

or pass an obstacle

nevertheless

negotiator22.

21.

Forms: negotiated; negotiated; negotiating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– negotiator

nevertheless

n. person who participates in a bargaining session

adv. anyway; anyhow; still; all the same

newsletter

news24. no.

nexus26.

25.

23.

Forms: plurals: masc.: negotiators; fem.: negotiatrixes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– news

newsletter

n. report of recent events; information about previously

n. short informational periodical that is usually distributed

unknown facts

to the members of an interest group

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: newsletters

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nexus

no.

n. means of connection; link; joint; connected group

abbr. numeral; mathematical value or its symbol; unit in a series; part

nomination

nominate28. note

nominee30.

29.

27.

Forms: plural: nexuses

Forms: number

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nominate

nomination

v. to appoint someone (for a position, office, or honor); to

n. appointment; proposal of a candidate (for an office or

designate; to select

an honor)

Forms: nominated; nominated; nominating

Forms: plural: nominations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nominee

note

n. person who has been appointed; candidate

v. not intended to earn profits; to observe; to remark on; to make a comment; to record

notebook

note32.

31.

Forms: plural: nominees

Forms: noted; noted; noting

138

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

note

notebook

n. short written reminder; memo; brief informal letter;

n. portable personal computer; laptop computer

official message Forms: plural: notebooks

notice

notice34. novel

novel36.

35.

33.

Forms: plural: notes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– notice

notice

v. to discern; to perceive; to pay attention; to observe; to

n. announcement; poster, sign; warning; attention;

remark

consideration

Forms: noticed; noticed; noticing

Forms: plural: notices

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– novel

novel

adj. new; strange

n. piece of long fiction with a plot and characters; story

nuance

novelty38. number

number40.

39.

37.

Forms: plural: novels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– novelty

nuance

n. innovation; something new; discovery

n. slight difference; subtle distinction

Forms: plural: novelties

Forms: plural: nuances

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– number

number

v. to count; to equal in amount; to limit; to allot

adj. anesthetized; lacking sensitivity (to pain); in shock; senseless

nurse

number42. nurse

43.

41.

Forms: numbered; numbered; numbering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– number

nurse

n. mathematical value or its symbol; indefinite amount;

v. to breast-feed; to suckle; to provide medical care; to

quantity of; sum

take care of

Forms: plural: numbers

Forms: nursed; nursed; nursing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– nurse n. medical caretaker (especially in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor) Forms: plural: nurses ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

139

PHOTOCOPIABLE

object objective

objection4. obligation

objective6.

object2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

O1.

object

n. article, thing; goal; focus of a thought or action

v. to oppose; to protest

Forms: plural: objects

Forms: objected; objected; objecting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– objection

objective

n. opposition; appeal; denial; protest

n. aim; purpose, goal

Forms: plural: objections

Forms: plural: objectives

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– objective

obligation

adj. impartial; unbiased; existing outside of the mind

n. duty responsibility; indebtedness; agreement

observe

obligatory8.

Forms: plural: obligations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– obligatory

observe

adj. binding; compelling; must be done; necessary

v. to watch; to study; to monitor; to supervise; to discern

obtain

obsolete10.

Forms: observed; observed; observing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– obsolete

obtain

adj. ancient; archaic; no longer in use; outdated; useless

v. to acquire; to procure; to secure; to earn; to achieve

obviously

obvious12. occasion

occasion14.

13.

11.

Forms: obtained; obtained; obtaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– obvious

obviously

adj. clear; unmistakable; apparent; evident; plain

adv. clearly; unmistakably; plainly; apparently

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– occasion

occasion

n. opportunity; occurrence, event; incident; reason; cause v. to cause; to incite; to bring to pass

occupation

occupancy16. occur

occupied18.

17.

15.

Forms: plural: moccasins

Forms: occasioned; occasioned; occasioning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– occupancy

occupation

n. period of residence; act of taking possession (Law);

n. act of forcefully taking possession of an area; seizure;

right of possession

conquest; possession or settlement of land

Forms: plural: occupancies

Forms: plural: occupations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– occupied

occur

adj. conquered; seized; filled; taken up; inhabited;

v. to happen; to take place; to transpire; to come to mind;

populated

to suggest itself

offence

occurrence20.

19.

Forms: occurred; occurred; occurring ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

140

PHOTOCOPIABLE

offense

offender22.

21.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

occurrence

offence

n. happening; event; incident

n. attack; misdeed; insult; transgression

Forms: plural: occurrences

Forms: plural: offences

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– offender

offense

n. transgressor; person who breaks the law; one who

n. attack; misdeed; insult; transgression

insults Forms: plural: offenses

offer

offensive24.

23.

Forms: plural: offenders

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– offensive

offer

n. attack; act of aggression; position of pursuit or

n. suggestion; proposal of a price; tender; bid

aggression Forms: plural: offers

office

offer26.

25.

Forms: plural: offensives

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– offer

office

v. to suggest; to tender; to bid; to propose a price; to

n. chamber; bureau; incumbency; agency; authority

present

offing

official28.

27.

Forms: offered; offered; offering

Forms: plural: offices

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– official

offing

n. person who holds public position; authority

n. distant part of the sea visible from the shore; remote place far from the shore; high seas

offset

offset30. omit

omission32. operate

onus34.

33.

31.

29.

Forms: plural: officials

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– offset

offset

n. outcome; compensation; counterbalance

v. to compensate; to balance

Forms: plural: offsets

Forms: offset; offset; offsetting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– omission

omit

n. deletion; negligence; failure; default

v. to delete; to skip over; to neglect

Forms: plural: omissions

Forms: omitted; omitted; omitting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– onus

operate

n. responsibility; duty; burden; impediment; blame

v. to act; to function; to manage; to use; to activate; to perform surgery

operational

operation36.

35.

Forms: plural: onuses

Forms: operated; operated; operating

141

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

operation

operational

n. working, performance, handling; venture, undertaking;

adj. working; functional; ready for use

series of actions

opinion

operator38.

37.

Forms: plural: operations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– operator

opinion

n. one who activates; worker of a telephone switchboard; n. attitude; outlook; formal judgment or estimation operation symbol Forms: plural: opinions

opportunity

opportune40.

39.

Forms: plural: operators

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– opportune

opportunity

adj. appropriate; fitting; well-timed; timely; proper;

n. chance; occasion; favorable time to act

expedient

opposite

opposite42.

41.

Forms: plural: opportunities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– opposite

opposite

n. contrast; something contrary

adj. facing; across from; contrary; reverse; different; antithetical

opposite

opposite44. order

option46.

45.

43.

Forms: plural: opposites –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– opposite

opposite

adv. contrarily

prep. across from; facing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– option

order

n. choice; alternative; possibility; selection; election

n. arrangement; instruction; command; request for something

ordinary

order48.

47.

Forms: plural: options

Forms: plural: orders

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– order

ordinary

v. to command; to request something; to arrange; to

n. ecclesiastical judge; priest

manage

organize

ordinary50.

49.

Forms: ordered; ordered; ordering

Forms: plural: ordinaries

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ordinary

organize

adj. regular; common

v. to arrange; to order; to systematize; to set up; to unite; to structure

original

origin52.

51.

Forms: organized; organized; organizing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

142

PHOTOCOPIABLE

originality

original54.

53.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

origin

original

n. source; beginning; birth; parentage; nationality

n. source from which something arises; prototype; model

Forms: plural: origins

Forms: plural: originals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– original

originality

adj. first; primary; innovative; creative; novel

n. state of not being a derivative of anything else

originate

originally56.

55.

Forms: plural: originalities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– originally

originate

adv. at first; in the first place; in a unique manner

v. to begin; to be created; to result from; to develop; to be produced

ostentatious

ostensibly58. outbound

ought60.

59.

57.

Forms: originated; originated; originating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ostensibly

ostentatious

adv. apparently; seemingly; to all appearances

adj. showy; pretentious; bombastic; pompous; garish

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ought

outbound

v. to need to; must; to be obligated

adj. leaving; sailing; traveling to another country

outlet

outdoor62.

61.

Forms: modal verb –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– outdoor

outlet

adj. of nature

n. exit; electrical source for connecting appliances; store; shop; joint

outside

output64.

63.

Forms: plural: outlets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– output

outside

n. yield; product; manufacture; information sent out from

n. external part or surface of something

a computer

outside

outside66.

65.

Forms: plural: outputs

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– outside

outside

outstanding

outside68. overcome

overall70.

69.

67.

adj. external; of the outdoors; from the outdoors; maximal adv. out of doors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– outside

outstanding

prep. besides; aside from

adj. excellent; conspicuous; prominent; due

143

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

overall

overcome

n. work clothing consisting of denim trousers (usually with v. to subdue; to solve a bib and shoulder straps) Forms: overcame; overcame; overcoming

overhead

overdraft72. overhead

overhead74. overlap

overlap76. overseas

overlook78.

77.

75.

73.

71.

Forms: plural: overalls

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overdraft

overhead

n. limit to which money may be withdrawn from the bank

n. general expenses; manufacturing and business

on credit

expenses

Forms: plural: overdrafts

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overhead

overhead

adj. of general expenses; general

adv. from above; above; in the sky

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overlap

overlap

n. something that is superimposed

v. to cover a part of; to have something in common

Forms: plural: overlaps

Forms: overlapped; overlapped; overlapping

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overlook

overseas

v. to inspect; to supervise; to miss; to omit; to ignore; to

adj. foreign; abroad

excuse

oversee

overseas80.

79.

Forms: overlooked; overlooked; overlooking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overseas

oversee

adv. in a place across an ocean

v. to supervise; to manage; to inspect

overtime

overt82.

81.

Forms: oversaw; overseen; overseeing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overt

overtime

adj. plain; clear; visible; public; intentional; undisguised

n. work beyond regular working hours; pay for such work

(Law)

overview

overtime84.

83.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– overtime

overview

adv. exceeding regular working hours

n. synopsis; general survey; introduction

owe

overwhelm86.

85.

Forms: plural: overviews ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

144

PHOTOCOPIABLE

own

own88.

87.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

overwhelm

owe

v. to defeat; to master; to crush; to stagger; to stun; to

v. to be indebted to; to be under obligation to pay or

daze

repay

Forms: overwhelmed; overwhelmed; overwhelming

Forms: owed; owed; owing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– own

own

v. to be in possession of; to belong to; to confess

adj. belonging to oneself or itself (mine, yours, his, etc.); self; by oneself

ownership

owner90.

89.

Forms: owned; owned; owning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– owner

ownership

n. proprietor

n. legal right of possession

Forms: plural: owners

Forms: plural: ownerships

145

PHOTOCOPIABLE

PIN2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

P1.

abbr. set of numbers which identifies a person

abbr. actions of promoting goodwill and distributing information for a company or organization Forms: public relations

Ph.D.

PTO4. package

p.m.6. pad

package8.

Forms: personal identification number

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– PTO

Ph.D.

abbr. requesting to view or read the opposite side of a

abbr. graduate with a doctorate; graduate of a doctoral

page or document

program; university degree; title

Forms: please turn over

Forms: Doctor of Philosophy

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– p.m.

package

abbr. between noon and midnight; in the afternoon; after

n. bundle; parcel; container for storage or transportation;

the hour of 12:00 noon

inseparable combination of items

Forms: post meridiem (pm, P.M., PM)

Forms: plural: packages

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– package

pad

page

pad10. paint

page12. pair

paint14.

13.

11.

v. to wrap; to combine things together as one inseparable n. piece of soft material which cushions; block of pages unit

stacked together and connected on one side

Forms: packaged; packaged; packaging

Forms: plural: pads

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pad

page

v. to cushion; to fill; to fill out; to walk; to go by foot

n. piece of paper; attendant; servant

Forms: padded; padded; padding

Forms: plural: pages

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– page

paint

v. to call; to summon (e.g. to the telephone); to number

n. colored substance applied to surfaces; layer of dried

sheets of paper in a collection

pigment on a surface

Forms: paged; paged; paging

Forms: plural: paints

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– paint

pair

v. to apply color to a surface; to put makeup on; to

n. match; whole consisting of two parts; couple

describe something in words

pallet

pair16.

15.

Forms: painted; painted; painting

Forms: plural: pairs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pair

pallet

v. to couple; to be part one of a match; to mate

n. straw-filled mattress; hard and simple bed; platform used to stack items during moving or storage

paper

panel18.

17.

Forms: paired; paired; pairing

Forms: plural: pallets

146

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

panel

paper

n. group of judges; board; band; strip; crew; staff

n. thin sheets of fibrous material used to write on; article; essay; questionnaire Forms: plural: papers

paragraph

paradigm20.

19.

Forms: plural: panels

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– paradigm

paragraph

n. model; ideal; mold; form; example; pattern

n. passage; distinct portion of text (usually begins with an indented line); section; clause Forms: plural: paragraphs

paramount

parameter22.

21.

Forms: plural: paradigms

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– parameter

paramount

n. variable which determines the form of a function

adj. superior; supreme; above all; of the highest rank; most important

part

parentheses24. part

part26.

25.

23.

Forms: plural: parameters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– parentheses

part

n. grouping symbols ()

v. to divide; to separate; to be divided; to allocate

Forms: plural: parenthesis

Forms: parted; parted; parting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– part

part

adj. somewhat

n. section; piece; region; role; function; side in an agreement

participate

part-time28. particular

particular30.

29.

27.

Forms: plural: parts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– part-time

participate

n. period; era; hour; rate

v. to be involved; to join in

Forms: plural: part-times

Forms: participated; participated; participating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– particular

particular

adj. special; unusual; detailed; precise; pedantic; strict

n. detail; individual characteristic; item; article; specific proposition

party

particularly32.

31.

Forms: plural: particulars –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– particularly

party

adv. especially; specifically

v. to celebrate

party

party34.

33.

Forms: partied; partied; partying ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

147

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

party

adj. of a political group; of social gatherings

n. political group; social gathering; side of an agreement; group; gang

pass

pass36.

35.

Forms: plural: parties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pass

pass

n. alleyway; narrow road between mountains; successful

v. to cross; to transport; to approve

grade on a test Forms: passed; passed; passing

passenger

passage38. patch

passport40.

39.

37.

Forms: plural: passes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– passage

passenger

n. way; route; course; section; piece

n. traveler; fare; person who rides or travels

Forms: plural: passages

Forms: plural: passengers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– passport

patch

n. a document issued by a country to a citizen allowing

n. area of fabric used to repair a hole; stain; bandage; lot

that person to travel abroad and re-enter the home country

path

patch42.

41.

Forms: plural: passports

Forms: plural: patches

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– patch

path

v. to cover a hole with a piece of material; to use to cover n. track; lane; route; search route a hole

pattern

patience44. pay

pattern46. payable

pay48.

47.

45.

43.

Forms: patched; patched; patched

Forms: plural: paths

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– patience

pattern

n. tolerance; forbearance

n. sample; model; form; mold; decorative design

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: patterns

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pattern

pay

v. to decorate; to imitate; to mimic; to copy an example

n. salary; wages

Forms: patterned; patterned; patterning

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pay

payable

v. to give money for goods or to cancel debts; to settle; to adj. may be settled be worthwhile; to be profitable

payroll

payment50.

49.

Forms: paid; paid; paying ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

148

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

payment

payroll

n. wage; salary; compensation; bonus; punishment

n. financial sheet listing salaries; list of workers who receive wages and salaries Forms: plural: payrolls

peace

pd.52. peddle

peculiar54.

53.

51.

Forms: plural: payments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pd.

peace

abbr. given money that was owed

n. state of not being at war; silence; quietness; tranquility

Forms: paid

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– peculiar

peddle

adj. exceptional; special; strange; odd; curious

v. to hawk; to vend; to deal; to distribute; to sell

penalize

pedicure56. perceive

penalty58.

57.

55.

Forms: peddled; peddled; peddling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pedicure

penalize

n. cosmetic foot treatment

v. to punish

Forms: plural: pedicures

Forms: penalized; penalized; penalizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– penalty

perceive

n. punishment; fine; punishment in the form of a financial

v. to feel; to sense; to distinguish; to discern; to see

payment

perennial

percent60. perfect

perennial62.

61.

59.

Forms: plural: penalties

Forms: perceived; perceived; perceiving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– percent

perennial

n. one part of a hundred

n. something that continues for many years

Forms: plural: percents

Forms: plural: perennials

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– perennial

perfect

adj. lasting throughout the whole year; continuing for

v. to refine; to improve; to complete; to make faultless

many years; perpetual; everlasting

perform

perfect64.

63.

Forms: perfected; perfected; perfecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– perfect

perform

adj. flawless; complete; undamaged

v. to do; to carry out; to execute; to present; to arrange; to manage

perhaps

performance66.

65.

Forms: performed; performed; performing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

149

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

performance

perhaps

n. show; presentation; execution; act; deed

adv. maybe; possibly; could be

periodical

period68.

67.

Forms: plural: performances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– period

periodical

n. punctuation mark; end; pause at end of a phrase; full

n. magazine; journal

sentence; age; season Forms: plural: periodicals

perishable

periodical70.

69.

Forms: plural: periods

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– periodical

perishable

adj. occurring at regular intervals; recurrent; cyclic;

n. product which can rot or spoil (fruit, food etc.)

seasonal

permanent

perishable72. permit

permeate74. perpetuate

permit76.

75.

73.

71.

Forms: plural: perishables –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– perishable

permanent

adj. expendable; spoils rapidly; likely to spoil; mortal

adj. lasting; enduring; perpetual; regular; fixed; invariable

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– permeate

permit

v. to enter; to penetrate; to infiltrate; to suffuse

n. license; authorization

Forms: permeated; permeated; permeating

Forms: plural: permits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– permit

perpetuate

v. to let; to enable; to allow; to authorize; to sanction

v. to eternalize; to make everlasting; to preserve from extinction

persistent

persistence78.

77.

Forms: permitted; permitted; permitting

Forms: perpetuated; perpetuated; perpetuating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– persistence

persistent

n. diligence; tenacity; stubbornness; continuation

adj. tenacious; stubborn; constant; continual; diligent

perspective

personnel80. persuasion

persuade82. pertinent

pertain84.

83.

81.

79.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– personnel

perspective

n. staff; work force; team; crew

n. viewpoint; outlook; vista; view

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: perspectives

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– persuade

persuasion

v. to convince; to induce; to sway

n. inducement; act of convincing

Forms: persuade; persuaded; persuading

Forms: plural: persuasions

150

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

pertain

pertinent

v. to belong to; to be connected to; to relate; to refer

adj. relevant; related; appropriate; fitting

petrol

pervasive86.

85.

Forms: pertained; pertained; pertaining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pervasive

petrol

adj. penetrating; infiltrating; spreading; extending;

n. type of fuel; gasoline

permeating

phone

pharmacist88. photo

photo90.

89.

87.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pharmacist

phone

n. druggist; apothecary

v. to make a call; to ring

Forms: plural: pharmacists

Forms: phoned; phoned; phoning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– photo

photo

pref. of light

n. picture; snapshot

photograph

photograph92. up

pick

photographer94. picture

up96.

pick pie

picture98.

97.

95.

93.

91.

Forms: plural: photos –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– photograph

photograph

v. to take a picture

n. picture; snapshot; image

Forms: photographed; photographed; photographing

Forms: plural: photographs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– photographer

pick up

n. cameraman; person who takes pictures

v. to choose; to select; to pull out; to tear out; to peck

Forms: plural: photographers

Forms: picked; picked; picking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pick up

picture

n. hoe; tool used to spread soil; choice; selection

v. to photograph; to paint; to draw; to describe; to depict

Forms: plural: picks

Forms: pictured; pictured; picturing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– picture

pie

n. photograph; drawing; painting; film; embodiment

n. type of dessert; cake; baked dish consisting of a crust and filling

piece

piece100.

99.

Forms: plural: pictures

Forms: plural: pies

151

PHOTOCOPIABLE

pioneer

pile102.

101.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

piece

v. to join parts together; to attach segments

n. slice; part; segment; creation; work

Forms: pieced; pieced; piecing

Forms: plural: pieces

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pile

pioneer

pipe

pioneer104.

103.

n. heap; mound; wealth; fortune; group of buildings; dike; n. pathfinder; forerunner; person who paves the way; levee

member of a military engineering corps

Forms: plural: piles

Forms: plural: pioneers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pioneer

pipe

v. to pave the way; to create a path; to guide; to initiate;

n. tube; trachea; flute; toot

to originate Forms: plural: pipes

pitch

pipe106. place

pitch108. placid

place110.

109.

107.

105.

Forms: pioneered; pioneered; pioneering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pipe

pitch

v. to convey a fluid; to transport a liquid; to make a high-

n. relative highness or lowness of a sound; tar; asphalt;

pitched sound

throw

Forms: piped; piped; piping

Forms: plural: pitches

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pitch

place

v. to establish; to erect; to throw; to toss

n. location; position; standing; role; function

Forms: pitched; pitched; pitched

Forms: plural: places

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– place

placid

v. to put; to lay; to lodge; to nominate; to appoint

adj. serene; quiet; peaceful; tranquil; relaxed; calm

plain

plaid112.

111.

Forms: laced; placed; placing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plaid

plain

n. colorful fabric with a pattern of square s and crossbars

adv. simply; in an unembellished manner; clearly

plain

plain114.

113.

Forms: plural: plaids –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plain

plain

n. plateau; area of level ground; prairie; savanna

adj. clear; evident; simple; flat; smooth

plan

plan116.

115.

Forms: plural: plains ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

152

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

plan

n. program; scheme; agenda; timetable; schedule

v. to make a scheme; to plot; to design; to contrive; to think up Forms: planned; planned; planned

plane

plane118.

117.

Forms: plural: plans

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plane

plane

adj. flat, level; even

n. type of aircraft; two-dimensional surface; rank; level

plant

plane120.

119.

Forms: plural: planes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plane

plant

v. to smooth wood; to make smooth; to remove rough

n. small vegetable growth; factory; equipment

areas Forms: plural: plants

plate

plant122. plc

plate124. pleasure

pleased126.

125.

123.

121.

Forms: planed; planed; planing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plant

plate

v. to sow; to place seeds or vegetation into soil; to

n. flat dish for serving food; portion; covering, coating;

establish; to set

board

Forms: planted; planted; planting

Forms: plural: plates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plate

plc

v. to cover with a thin layer of metal; to coat with metal

abbr. public limited liability company in Britain

Forms: plated; plated; plating

Forms: public limited company

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pleased

pleasure

adj. content; satiated; having one's desires satisfied

n. enjoyment; amusement; entertainment; delight; joy

plug

pleasure128.

127.

Forms: plural: pleasures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pleasure

plug

v. to cause someone enjoyment

n. cork; stopper; electrical connector; block; advertisement

plumber

plug130. pocket

pocket132.

131.

129.

Forms: pleasured; pleasured; pleasuring

Forms: plural: plugs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– plug

plumber

v. to cap; to cork; to stop up; to block; to advertise

n. person who works with pipe and water systems

Forms: plugged; plugged; plugging

Forms: plural: plumbers

153

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

pocket

adj. small; of a pouch

n. pouch used to carry objects; sac; underground deposit of oil

point

pocket134. pointer

point136.

135.

133.

Forms: plural: pockets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pocket

point

v. to profit; to roll a ball into a hole (Billiards)

n. spot; tip; essence; gist; matter

Forms: pocketed; pocketed; pocketing

Forms: plural: points

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– point

pointer

v. to indicate; to emphasize; to sharpen; to direct

n. indicator; something used to point; hand on a clock; clue; advice Forms: plural: pointers

polite

policy138.

137.

Forms: pointed; pointed; pointing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– policy

polite

n. course or method of action; guidelines; position;

adj. courteous; having good manners; gentle; genial; kind

standpoint; insurance contract

poll

poll140.

139.

Forms: plural: policies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– poll

poll

n. voting, electing; counting of votes; number of votes;

v. to vote; to elect; to count votes; to make a survey

referendum

ponder

pollution142. portable

population144.

143.

141.

Forms: plural: polls

Forms: polled; polled; polling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pollution

ponder

n. contamination; dirtying; soiling; spoiling; destruction

v. to reflect; to think; to consider; to meditate

Forms: plural: pollutions

Forms: pondered; pondered; pondering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– population

portable

n. total number of people living in an area

adj. mobile; movable; can be transported from one place to another

pose

portfolio146. position

pose148.

147.

145.

Forms: plural: populations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– portfolio

pose

n. briefcase; attache case; list of securities and stocks

n. stance

Forms: plural: portfolios

Forms: plural: poses

154

PHOTOCOPIABLE

possess

position150.

149.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

pose

position

v. to stance

n. viewpoint, opinion; siting; locus; location; place; job

Forms: posed; posed; posing

Forms: plural: positions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– position

possess

v. to erect; to set; to put; to place

v. to control; to dominate; to hold; to own; to have as property Forms: possessed; possessed; possessing

possibility

possession152. post

possible154. post

post156. posting

postage158. postpone

postmaster160. posture

posture162. potential

potency164. pounce

potential166.

165.

163.

161.

159.

157.

155.

153.

151.

Forms: positioned; positioned; positioned

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– possession

possibility

n. custody; property; asset; control; ownership

n. probability; feasibility; chance; likelihood

Forms: plural: possessions

Forms: plural: possibilities

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– possible

post

adj. could be; might be; may be

pref. after; later; subsequent to

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– post

post

n. mail; column; opinion; role; job placement

v. to assign to a duty; to station; to publicize; to advertise

Forms: plural: posts

Forms: posted; posted; posting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– postage

posting

n. fee for sending letters or packages by mail

n. message sent to a newsgroup or mailing list (Internet)

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: postings

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– postmaster

postpone

n. mail manager, person responsible for managing

v. to put off to a later time; to delay; to defer; to put off

electronic mail on a network (Computers)

until later; to stay

Forms: plural: postmasters

Forms: postponed; postponed; postponing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– posture

posture

n. viewpoint; stance; condition; state; mood; attitude

v. to pretend; to feign

Forms: plural: postures

Forms: postured; postured; posturing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– potency

potential

n. power; strength; force; capacity to be

n. possibility; ability; capability of being

Forms: plural: potencies

Forms: plural: potentials

155

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

potential

pounce

adj. possible; capable of becoming; able to be

n. act of suddenly swooping down and grabbing; sudden assault or attack

powerful

pounce168.

167.

Forms: plural: pounces –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pounce

powerful

v. to fall on; to storm; to invade; to attack; to seize; to

adj. exerting great force; effective; potent; producing the

assault

desired effect; influential

practice

practical170.

169.

Forms: pounced; pounced; pouncing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– practical

practice

adj. feasible; workable; applicable; useful; efficacious

v. to exercise; to train; to drill

precede

practice172. precisely

precise174. precondition

precondition176. predictable

predict178.

177.

175.

173.

171.

Forms: practiced; practiced; practicing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– practice

precede

n. customary action; habit; drill; training exercise

v. to go before; to be in front; to be ahead of; to predate

Forms: plural: practices

Forms: preceded; preceded; preceding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– precise

precisely

adj. exact; not more and not less; meticulous; strict

adv. exactly; accurately; definitely; certainly; surely

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– precondition

precondition

v. to train in advance

n. advance stipulation; preliminary terms

Forms: preconditioned; preconditioned; preconditioning

Forms: plural: preconditions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– predict

predictable

v. to prophesy; to foretell; to announce in advance

adj. can be prophesied; can be foretold

predominate

predisposition180. preface

preempt182.

181.

179.

Forms: predict; predict; predicting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– predisposition

predominate

n. sensitivity; susceptibility (to disease, etc.)

v. to control to rule over; to be superior

Forms: plural: predispositions

Forms: predominated; predominated; predominating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– preempt

preface

v. to occupy a place; to take a place; to obtain at an

v. to use as an introduction; to use as a foreword

advance opportunity

prefer

preface184.

183.

Forms: preempted; preempted; preempting

Forms: prefaced; prefaced; prefacing

156

PHOTOCOPIABLE

prejudice

preference186.

185.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

preface

prefer

n. introduction; foreword; opening statement

v. to hold superior; to appoint; to nominate; to like better

Forms: plural: prefaces

Forms: preferred; preferred; preferring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– preference

prejudice

n. favor; liking; fondness; priority; superior status

v. to express a preconceived opinion; to express one's biases Forms: prejudiced; prejudiced; prejudicing

premises

prejudice188. prepaid

premium190.

189.

187.

Forms: plural: preferences

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prejudice

premises

n. bias; sentence passed before proper examination of

n. property; site; area; grounds; building with the grounds

the circumstances

belonging to it

Forms: plural: prejudices

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– premium

prepaid

n. supplementary charge; additional charge; amount paid adj. remunerated ahead of time; settled beforehand via for insurance; reward

payment

prerogative

prepare192.

191.

Forms: plural: premia or premiums –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prepare

prerogative

v. to make ready; to get oneself ready; to put into the

n. right; special privilege

proper condition

present

prescription194.

193.

Forms: prepared; prepared; preparing

Forms: plural: prerogatives

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prescription

present

n. written order for a medication; instruction; directive;

v. to display; to demonstrate; to bestow; to grant

order; command

present

present196.

195.

Forms: plural: prescriptions

Forms: presented; presented; presenting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– present

present

adj. existent; in attendance; on hand; of the current times; n. gift; offering; something that is given to another person pertaining to the current times

without compensation

preserve

preserve198.

197.

Forms: plural: presents ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

157

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

preserve

n. area of land set aside to protect natural resources and

v. to guard; to keep safe; to keep; to defend; to protect

wildlife Forms: preserved; preserved; preserving

press

president200.

199.

Forms: plural: preserves

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– president

press

n. head; leader; chairman; chief

v. to push; to iron; to remove creases or wrinkles; to confiscate for public or government use Forms: pressed; pressed; pressing

pressure

press202.

201.

Forms: plural: presidents

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– press

pressure

n. journals and newspapers collectively; act or process of v. to apply force or weight; to push; to stress printing Forms: pressured; pressured; pressuring

presume

pressure204.

203.

Forms: plural: presses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pressure

presume

pretend

pretend206.

205.

n. exertion of force; application of weight; weight; burden; v. to take for granted; to dare; to venture; to take liberties; encumbrance

to permit oneself

Forms: plural: pressures

Forms: presumed; presumed; presuming

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pretend

pretend

v. to impersonate; to act in a role; to claim; to assert

adj. simulated; feigned; make-believe

pretense

pretense208. pretty

pretentious210.

209.

207.

Forms: pretended; pretended; pretending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pretense

pretense

v. to feign; to impersonate; to put on a false show

n. feigning; impersonation; false show; claim; assertion

Forms: pretensed; pretensed; pretensing

Forms: plural: pretenses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pretentious

pretty

adj. impersonating; putting on a false appearance;

adv. moderately; quite; rather; to some extent

prevalent

prevail212.

211.

feigning; arrogant; haughty –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prevail

prevalent

v. to win; to succeed; to overcome; to surpass; to prove

adj. common; widespread; current

superior

preventive

prevent214.

213.

Forms: prevailed; prevailed; prevailing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

158

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

prevent

preventive

preventive216. price

previously218.

217.

215.

v. to cause not to happen; to avert; to delay; to impede; to n. safeguard; something used to avert an unwanted hinder

situation

Forms: prevented; prevented; preventing

Forms: plural: preventives

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– preventive

adj. averting; avoiding; delaying; inhibiting

adj. earlier; antecedent; hasty; premature

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– previously

price

adv. before; at an earlier time; in the past; antecedently

n. cost; value; worth; rate; measure

priceless

price220.

219.

Forms: plural: prices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– price

priceless

v. to give a cost to something

adj. invaluable; beyond any expressible value; very expensive

prime

primarily222. principal

prime224.

223.

221.

Forms: priced; priced; pricing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– primarily

prime

adv. chiefly; principally; mainly; initially

adj. major; chief; select; of the highest quality; excellent

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prime

principal

n. state of perfection; state of highest quality

adj. chief; head; leading; primary; main

principle

principal226.

225.

Forms: plural: primes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– principal

principle

n. school director; school master; capital sum (Finance)

n. doctrine; tenet; precept; fundamental law; primary law on which other laws are based

prior

printer228.

227.

Forms: plural: principals

Forms: plural: principles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– printer

prior

n. computer peripheral used for exporting documents to

adj. earlier; antecedent; former

paper

prioritize

prior230.

229.

Forms: plural: printers ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

159

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

prior

prioritize

n. officer of a monastery; high-ranking member of a

v. to organize according to importance

religious order Forms: prioritized; prioritized; prioritizing

privacy

priority232.

231.

Forms: plural: priors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– priority

privacy

n. preference; precedence; higher rank; privileged

n. seclusion; solitude; reclusion; secrecy; confidentiality

position; seniority Forms: plural: privacies

private

private234.

233.

Forms: plural: priorities

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– private

private

adj. intimate; for or pertaining to a small group of people;

n. soldier of the three lowest military ranks

personal; of an individual

privilege

privatize236. prize

privilege238. probably

prize240.

239.

237.

235.

Forms: plural: privates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– privatize

privilege

v. to transfer control from governmental to individual

v. to grant special rights; to give special advantages or

powers

benefits

Forms: privatized; privatized; privatizing

Forms: privileged; privileged; privileging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– privilege

prize

n. special individual right not enjoyed by others; benefit;

v. to appreciate; to esteem; to respect; to appraise; to

advantage

assess worth

Forms: plural: privileges

Forms: prized; prized; prizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prize

probably

adj. valuable; unique; outstanding; award-winning

adv. almost certainly; very likely; apparently; in all

proceed

procedure242. process

process244. procurement

procure246.

245.

243.

241.

likelihood –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– procedure

proceed

n. routine; protocol; course of action; subroutine;

v. to continue; to carry on; to advance; to progress; to

sequence of instructions (Computers)

move forward

Forms: plural: procedures

Forms: proceeded; proceeded; proceeding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– process

process

v. to treat; to adapt; to prepare; to make ready

n. routine; course of action; advance; summons to court

Forms: processed; processed; processing

Forms: plural: processes

160

PHOTOCOPIABLE

production

product248. profession

productivity250.

249.

247.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

procure

procurement

v. to obtain; to acquire; to get; to buy; to purchase

n. purchase; sale; acquisition

Forms: procured; procured; procuring

Forms: plural: procurements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– product

production

n. result of manufacturing; goods; merchandise

n. manufacture; assembly; output; yield

Forms: plural: products

Forms: plural: productions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– productivity

profession

n. a measurement of output per hours worked;

n. vocation; skilled occupation; declaration; proclamation

creativeness; fruitfulness; prolificness Forms: plural: professions

professional

professional252.

251.

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– professional

professional

adj. of a skilled occupation; working in one of the skilled

n. person who works in a skilled occupation; specialist

occupations

profit

proficiency254. profitable

profit256.

255.

253.

Forms: plural: professionals –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– proficiency

profit

n. expertise; state of having expert skills; skillfulness;

v. to earn income; to make financial gains; to be of

adeptness; masterfulness

service; to be beneficial

Forms: no plural

Forms: profited; profited; profiting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– profit

profitable

n. earnings; financial gain; benefit; advantage; privilege

adj. lucrative; paying; rewarding; beneficial; producing income

profusion

profuse258.

257.

Forms: plural: profits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– profuse

profusion

adj. plentiful; abundant; generous; extravagant; wasteful

n. plentifulness; abundance; numerousness; plurality

program

program260.

259.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– program

program

v. to schedule; to plan; to write a system of operating

n. schedule; agenda; written order of events

instructions for a computer

progress

programmer262.

261.

Forms: programmed; programmed; programming

Forms: plural: programs

161

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

programmer

progress

n. person who creates sets of instructions for a computer

v. to advance; to move forward; to gain

or other device Forms: progressed; progressed; progressing

prohibit

progress264. project

project266. proliferation

proliferate268.

267.

265.

263.

Forms: plural: programmers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– progress

prohibit

n. headway; forward movement; development;

v. to outlaw; to forbid by law; to interdict; to ban; to

advancement

prevent

Forms: no plural

Forms: prohibited; prohibited; prohibiting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– project

project

v. to plan; to scheme; to send; to dispatch; to throw

n. plan; scheme; program; task; assignment; activity

Forms: projected; projected; projecting

Forms: plural: projects

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– proliferate

proliferation

v. to reproduce quickly; to multiply rapidly; to thrive; to

n. rapid multiplication; rapid reproduction; prosperity

grow quickly

prolong

prolific270.

269.

Forms: proliferated; proliferated; proliferating

Forms: plural: proliferations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prolific

prolong

adj. fruitful; productive; abundant; plentiful; multiplying;

v. to extend; to lengthen

producing fruit

promise

promise272. promotional

promote274.

273.

271.

Forms: prolonged; prolonged; prolonging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– promise

promise

v. to pledge; to give one's word; to vow; to commit

n. pledge; vow; declaration of intention; source of hope;

oneself to a certain course of action

basis for expectations

Forms: promised; promised; promising

Forms: plural: promises

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– promote

promotional

v. to further; to encourage sales; to aid; to help; to assist

adj. of publicizing; of advancement; of encouragement; of fostering; of an enterprise

proof

proof276.

275.

Forms: promoted; promoted; promoting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– proof

proof

adj. resistant; invulnerable; impervious; sealed; durable

v. to make resistant; to make impervious; to edit

proper

propensity278.

277.

Forms: proofed; proofed; proofing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

162

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

propensity

proper

n. inclination; tendency; disposition; aptitude

adj. correct; suitable; just; complete

proposal

property280. proposition

propose282.

281.

279.

Forms: plural: propensities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– property

proposal

n. possessions; belongings; estate; assets; ownership

n. suggestion; tender; plan; offer of marriage

Forms: plural: properties

Forms: plural: proposals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– propose

proposition

v. to suggest; to recommend; to tender; to make an offer

n. offer; plan; theory; problem

of marriage Forms: plural: propositions

prospect

prosaic284.

283.

Forms: proposed; proposed; proposing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prosaic

prospect

adj. common; regular; boring; tedious; dull

v. to search for valuable materials (such as gold, oil, etc.)

prospectus

prospect286. protection

protect288. proud

protocol290.

289.

287.

285.

Forms: prospected; prospected; prospecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prospect

prospectus

n. chance; probability of advancement or success; hope;

n. a document giving details about an offering of

promise

securities investment for sale to the public

Forms: plural: prospects

Forms: plural: prospectuses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– protect

protection

v. to defend; to save from harm; to watch over; to guard

n. defense; shelter; safety

Forms: protected; protected; protecting

Forms: plural: protections

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– protocol

proud

n. method of dealing with a certain subject; draft of a

adj. arrogant; haughty; magnificent; impressive

treaty

provide

prove292.

291.

Forms: plural: protocols –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– prove

provide

v. to substantiate with evidence; to demonstrate; to show

v. to supply; to grant; to set; to offer

clearly

provision

provision294.

293.

Forms: proved; proved; proving

Forms: provided; provided; providing

163

PHOTOCOPIABLE

publication

proximity296.

295.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

provision

v. to supply with stock; to equip with supplies (esp. food)

n. supply; stock; measure; means; condition; stipulation

Forms: provisioned; provisioned; provisioning

Forms: plural: provisions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– proximity

publication

n. adjacency; nearness; closeness; vicinity

n. process of producing and distributing printed material; act of advertising Forms: plural: publications

publish

publicize298.

297.

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– publicize

publish

v. to advertise; to bring to the attention of a large

v. to produce and distribute printed material; to advertise

audience Forms: published; published; publishing

out

pull

publisher300.

299.

Forms: publicized; publicized; publicizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– publisher

pull out

n. person or company that produces and distributes

v. to remove; to withdraw; to abandon; to exit; to depart

printed material

purchase

purchase302.

301.

Forms: plural: publishers

Forms: pulled out; pulled out; pulling out

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– purchase

purchase

n. something which has been bought; act of buying

v. to buy; to acquire in exchange for money; to procure; to obtain

purpose

purpose304. pursuit

pursue306. pushy

pushy308.

307.

305.

303.

Forms: plural: purchases

Forms: purchased; purchased; purchasing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– purpose

purpose

n. goal; aim; intention; objective

v. to intend; to plan; to design; to aim

Forms: plural: purposes

Forms: purposed; purposed; purposing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pursue

pursuit

v. to chase after; to follow; to aspire to; to strive for

n. chase; quest; search; occupation; pastime

Forms: pursued; pursued; pursuing

Forms: plural: pursuits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– pushy

pushy

adj. controlling; aggressive; extremely self-assertive;

n. cat (Slang); feline

bossy

off

put

in310.

put

309.

Forms: plural: pushies ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

164

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

put in

put off

v. to make an application; to enter; to let something or

v. to postpone; to disgust; to repulse; to deter

someone enter Forms: put off; put off; putting off

puzzle

with312.

put puzzle

313.

311.

Forms: put in; put in; putting in

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– put up with

puzzle

v. to tolerate; to be patient

n. enigma; riddle; game; jigsaw

Forms: put up with; put up with; putting up with

Forms: plural: puzzles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– puzzle v. to mystify; to baffle; to confound; to confuse; to perplex Forms: puzzled; puzzled; puzzling ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

165

PHOTOCOPIABLE

qualify quality

quality4.

qualification2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

Q1.

qualification

qualify

n. fitness; suitability; limitation; diploma or certificate

v. to train; to certify; to meet the minimum standards; to

stating one's abilities

moderate; to modify

Forms: plural: qualifications

Forms: qualified; qualified; qualifying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quality

quality

n. degree of excellence; characteristic; attribute;

adj. excellent; having superior characteristics; fine

character; excellence

quarter

quantity6.

Forms: plural: qualities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quantity

quarter

n. amount; extent; measure; degree; size; magnitude

n. one fourth; neighborhood; coin worth 25 cents; period of three months; district

quarterly

quarter8.

Forms: plural: quantities

Forms: plural: quarters

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quarter

quarterly

adj. being one fourth; having four equal parts

adj. occurring every three months; taking place four times

queues

quarterly10.

a year –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quarterly

queues

adv. four times a year; once every three months

v. to stand in line; to make a row

quiet

queues12.

11.

Forms: queued; queued; queuing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– queues

quiet

n. line; file (British); row; braid; plait

adj. silent; noiseless; peaceful; tranquil; still; lacking activity

quotation

quiet14.

13.

Forms: plural: queues –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quiet

quotation

quote

quote16.

15.

n. silence; noiselessness; stillness; tranquility; muteness; n. citation; passage taken from another source; speechlessness

reference; commercial offer; statement of price

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: quotations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– quote

quote

v. to cite; to state a price; to offer a price

n. citation; commercial offer

Forms: quoted; quoted; quoting

Forms: plural: quotes

166

PHOTOCOPIABLE

ROI railroad

railroad4. raise

raise6. randomly

ranches8.

R&D2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

R1.

R&D

ROI

abbr. department in a company that develops new

abbr. method of measuring the profitability of a company

products

(derived by dividing the net income by total assets)

Forms: research and development

Forms: return on investment

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– railroad

railroad

v. to transport via locomotive; to convey by train

n. path for a train made of parallel metal tracks

Forms: railroaded; railroaded; railroading

Forms: plural: railroads

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– raise

raise

v. to elevate; to lift; to excite; to arouse; to cause

n. increase in salary; wage increase

Forms: raised; raised; raising

Forms: plural: raises

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ranches

randomly

n. farm with large pasture land for raising livestock

adv. accidentally; by chance

range

range10.

Forms: plural: ranches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– range

range

v. to determine the scope of a target; to extend; to

n. pasture; scope; extent; field; domain; assortment

stretch; to vary

rank

rank12.

11.

Forms: ranged; ranged; ranging

Forms: plural: ranges

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rank

rank

adj. giving off a foul odor; fertile; productive; fruitful;

v. to arrange in a line; to grade; to classify

growing vigorously

rarely

rapidly14. rate

rate16.

15.

13.

Forms: ranked; ranked; ranking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rapidly

rarely

adv. quickly; fast; swiftly

adv. infrequently; not often; seldom

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rate

rate

v. to assess; to appraise; to determine value; to grade; to n. price; cost; speed; pace; tax classify; to sort

rational

rather18. reach

reach20.

19.

17.

Forms: rated; rated; rating

Forms: plural: rates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rather

rational

adv. very quite; to a degree; somewhat; slightly; a bit;

adj. logical; reasonable; intelligent; prudent; expressible

might as well

as a whole number (Mathematics)

167

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

reach

v. to arrive; to obtain; to procure; to extend the arm

n. distance that an arm can extend

outward Forms: plural: reaches

readiness

readership22.

21.

Forms: reached; reached; reaching

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– readership

readiness

n. total number of people who subscribe to a particular

n. preparedness; willingness; promptness; quickness

publication Forms: no plural

realization

ready24.

23.

Forms: plural: readerships

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ready

realization

adj. prepared; set; eager; willing; quick; fast

n. accomplishment; fulfillment

rear

realize26.

25.

Forms: plural: realizations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– realize

rear

v. to understand; to comprehend; to accomplish; to

adj. back; hind

convert into cash; to liquidate

reason

rear28. reasonable

reason30.

29.

27.

Forms: realized; realized; realizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rear

reason

n. back end; hindmost unit of an army (or fleet, etc.)

v. to think; to consider logically; to argue; to claim

Forms: plural: rears

Forms: reasoned; reasoned; reasoning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reason

reasonable

n. cause; basis for action; intelligence; sense

adj. rational; logical; intelligent; wise; plausible; likely; credible

rebound

rebound32. recant

rebuild34. receipt

recap36.

35.

33.

31.

Forms: plural: reasons –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rebound

rebound

v. to spring back

n. backlash

Forms: rebounded; rebounded; rebounding

Forms: plural: rebounds

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rebuild

recant

v. to reconstruct; to erect again

v. to give up; to renounce; to deny; to disavow; to retract

Forms: rebuilt; rebuilt; rebuilding

Forms: recanted; recanted; recanting

168

PHOTOCOPIABLE

receive

receipt38.

37.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

recap

receipt

v. to summarize; to review with a short summary

v. to write a statement of purchases; to make a bill of sale

Forms: recapped; recapped; recapping

Forms: receipted; receipted; receipting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– receipt

receive

n. bill of sale; written statement of purchases

v. to get; to accept; to absorb; to take in; to host; to accommodate Forms: received; received; receiving

reception

recent40.

39.

Forms: plural: receipts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recent

reception

adj. new; fresh; late; of late times

n. acceptance; event in which guests are formally welcomed by their host; check-in

recession

receptionist42. reclaim

recipient44. recognizable

recognition46.

45.

43.

41.

Forms: plural: receptions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– receptionist

recession

n. person who greets visitors or clients on the telephone

n. a significant decline in general economic activity

and upon their arrival

extending over a period of time

Forms: plural: receptionists

Forms: plural: recessions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recipient

reclaim

n. person who accepts; person who takes or gets

v. to demand the return of property; to repossess

Forms: plural: recipients

Forms: reclaimed; reclaimed; reclaiming

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recognition

recognizable

n. acknowledgment; identification

adj. identifiable; determinable; able to be distinguished

recommend

recognize48.

47.

Forms: plural: recognitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recognize

recommend

v. to identify; to acknowledge; to know; to admit

v. to advocate; to endorse; to speak well of; to advise; to suggest

reconsider

recommendation50.

49.

Forms: recognized; recognized; recognizing

Forms: recommended; recommended; recommending

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recommendation

reconsider

n. endorsement; approval; letter of reference; suggestion; v. to contemplate again advice

record

record52.

51.

Forms: plural: recommendations

Forms: reconsidered; reconsidered; reconsidering

169

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

record

adj. comprising the best result ever attained

n. list; evidence; best result ever attained; list of events or actions

recovery

recover54. recruit

recruit56.

55.

53.

Forms: plural: records –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recover

recovery

v. to get well; to get back; to regain; to obtain again

n. recuperation; getting well; return

Forms: recovered; recovered; recovering

Forms: plural: recoveries

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recruit

recruit

v. to enlist or draft new members; to gain; to obtain; to

n. new member of a group; new employee

procure

rectangle

recruitment58. reduce

rectify60. reference

refer62.

61.

59.

57.

Forms: recruited; recruited; recruiting

Forms: plural: recruits

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– recruitment

rectangle

n. act of enlisting or drafting new members

n. parallelogram

Forms: plural: recruitments

Forms: plural: rectangles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rectify

reduce

v. to fix; to repair; to correct; to calibrate; to adjust

v. to lessen; to diminish; to decrease

Forms: rectified; rectified; rectifying

Forms: reduced; reduced; reducing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– refer

reference

reflect

reference64.

63.

v. to send; to direct; to ascribe to; to relate to; to apply to; v. to add a footnote; to place a note that directs readers to call attention to

to another source of information (in a book, journal, etc.)

Forms: referred; referred; referring

Forms: referenced; referenced; referencing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reference

reflect

n. comment; remark; ascription; mention; regard

v. to mirror; to send back energy from a surface; to cause to return; to express

refund

reflection66.

65.

Forms: plural: references

Forms: reflected; reflected; reflecting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reflection

refund

refurbish

refund68.

67.

n. act of casting back a mirror image; act of sending back v. to return money; to reimburse; to repay; to finance energy from a surface; idea; concept

again

Forms: plural: reflections

Forms: refunded; refunded; refunding

170

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

refund

refurbish

n. return of money; repayment; reimbursement

v. to make new again; to renovate; to restore to good condition Forms: refurbished; refurbished; refurbishing

refuse

refusal70. regard

refuse72.

71.

69.

Forms: plural: refunds

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– refusal

refuse

n. denial; rejection

v. to decline; to deny; to reject

Forms: plural: refusals

Forms: refused; refused; refusing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– refuse

regard

n. garbage; trash; waste

v. to look at; to concern; to relate to; to esteem; to appreciate; to consider Forms: regarded; regarded; regarding

regarding

regard74.

73.

Forms: plural: refuses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– regard

regarding

n. esteem; respect; thought; consideration; look; glance

prep. with relation to

regardless

regardless76.

75.

Forms: plural: regards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– regardless

regardless

adj. inattentive; unmindful

adv. without consideration for possible problems;

registering

region78.

77.

anyway; in any case –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– region

registering

n. area; territory; domain; field; area of activity or interest; v. to record; to enroll; to have an effect; to have influence sphere

regress

registering80.

79.

Forms: plural: regions

Forms: registered; registered; registering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– registering

regress

n. list; record; regulator; gauge

v. to move backward; to go back; to return to a previous condition

regular

regular82.

81.

Forms: plural: registers

Forms: regressed; regressed; regressing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– regular

regular

adj. occurring at fixed intervals; normal; usual; ordinary;

n. frequent customer; repeat customer

common

regulate

regularly84.

83.

Forms: plural: regulars ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

171

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

regularly

regulate

adv. at fixed intervals; at evenly-spaced intervals; usually; v. to control; to govern; to manage; to adjust to a specific customarily

level or condition

rehearsal

regulations86. reimburse

rehearse88. reinforce

reimbursement90.

89.

87.

85.

Forms: regulated; regulated; regulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– regulations

rehearsal

n. statute; law; act of controlling; management; direction

n. practice session for a performance

Forms: plural: regulations

Forms: plural: rehearsals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rehearse

reimburse

v. to drill; to practice an action repeatedly in order to

v. to repay; to refund; to compensate for a loss; to repay

perfect it

for an expense

Forms: rehearsed; rehearsed; rehearsing

Forms: reimbursed; reimbursed; reimbursing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reimbursement

reinforce

n. act of paying back; repayment; compensation for a

v. to strengthen; to fortify; to support; to increase

loss; repayment for an expense

reiterate

reinforcement92.

91.

Forms: plural: reimbursements

Forms: reinforced; reinforced; reinforcing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reinforcement

reiterate

n. act of strengthening; reward or punishment designed

v. to repeat; to say again; to restate

to encourage or discourage a particular response

reject

reject94.

93.

Forms: plural: reinforcements

Forms: reiterated; reiterated; reiterating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reject

reject

v. to decline; to deny; to turn down

n. something or someone that does not match up to standards; object of lower quality; outcast

relation

relate96. release

relationship98.

97.

95.

Forms: rejected; rejected; rejecting

Forms: plural: rejects

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– relate

relation

v. to narrate; to tell; to make a connection between; to

n. narration; act of telling; family member; connection;

have a good relationship with

association

Forms: related; related; relating

Forms: plural: relations

172

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

relationship

release

n. connection; association; closeness

v. to set free; to emancipate; to make available to the general public; to surrender Forms: released; released; releasing

relevant

release100.

99.

Forms: plural: relationships

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– release

relevant

n. freedom; liberation; newly distributed film (or record,

adj. pertinent; related; connected to the current subject

book, etc.); statement provided to the media

relief

reliable102.

101.

Forms: plural: releases –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reliable

relief

adj. credible; trustworthy; dependable

n. easement; alleviation; liberation; aid; assistance

relocate

relinquish104. remain

rely106. remark

remark108. remember

remarkable110.

109.

107.

105.

103.

Forms: plural: reliefs –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– relinquish

relocate

v. to cede; to surrender; to give up; to forsake; to

v. to move to a different apartment; to move to a different

abandon

place

Forms: relinquished; relinquished; relinquishing

Forms: relocated; relocated; relocating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rely

remain

v. to depend on; to trust in

v. to stay; to abide; to continue; to go on

Forms: relied; relied; relying

Forms: remained; remained; remaining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– remark

remark

v. to notice; to observe; to comment; to state; to say

n. comment; observation; notice

Forms: remarked; remarked; remarking

Forms: plural: remarks

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– remarkable

remember

adj. striking; noteworthy; extraordinary; exceptional

v. to recall to the mind; to retain in one's mind; to have a recollection

remit

remind112. remote

remit114.

113.

111.

Forms: remembered; remembered; remembering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– remind

remit

v. to cause to remember

v. to forgive; to absolve; to release; to discharge

Forms: reminded; reminded; reminding

Forms: remitted; remitted; remitting

173

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

remit

remote

n. act of forgiving; discharging; dispatching

adj. distant; located far away; secluded; isolated; aloof

remove

removal116. render

remove118.

117.

115.

Forms: plural: remits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– removal

remove

n. act of shedding; act of taking away; elimination;

v. to take off; to shed; to take away; to eliminate; to get

ejection; dismissal

rid of

Forms: plural: removals

Forms: removed; removed; removing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– remove

render

n. degree of difference; promotion of a student to a higher v. to give; to submit; to transform; to represent; to depict grade Forms: rendered; rendered; rendering

renovation

renew120. rent

renowned122.

121.

119.

Forms: plural: removes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– renew

renovation

v. to restore to good condition; to restart; to resume; to

n. act of repairing; renewal; act of restoring to good

refresh

condition

Forms: renewed; renewed; renewing

Forms: plural: renovations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– renowned

rent

adj. famous; prominent

v. to let; to allow someone to use property in return for regular payments; to hire

rental

rent124.

123.

Forms: rented; rented; renting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rent

rental

n. money paid for the use of property; rip; tear; laceration adj. available to lease or rent

repair

rental126.

125.

Forms: plural: rents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rental

repair

n. money paid for the use of property; property that is

v. to fix; to mend; to correct a problem or malfunction

leased; act of leasing

repeat

repair128.

127.

Forms: plural: rentals

Forms: repaired; repaired; repairing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– repair

repeat

n. act of fixing; correction; act of mending

adj. done over again

repetition

repeat130.

129.

Forms: plural: repairs ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

174

PHOTOCOPIABLE

replacement

replace132.

131.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

repeat

repetition

n. act of redoing something

n. reiteration; act of redoing something

Forms: plural: repeats

Forms: plural: repetitions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– replace

replacement

v. to substitute for; to return something to a particular

n. substitution; substitute

position or location Forms: plural: replacements

replay

replay134. reply

reply136. report

repo138.

137.

135.

133.

Forms: replaced; replaced; replacing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– replay

replay

v. to rebroadcast

n. rematch; repetition

Forms: replayed; replayed; replaying

Forms: plural: replays

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reply

v. to answer; to respond

n. answer; response

Forms: replied; replied; replying

Forms: plural: replies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– repo

report

n. agreement in which the seller of securities agrees to

n. detailed account of an occurrence or situation

buy them back at a specified time and price

represent

report140.

139.

Forms: plural: repos

Forms: plural: reports

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– report

represent

representative

representative142.

141.

v. to provide a detailed statement about an occurrence or v. to act as an agent on behalf of a person or situation; inform

organization; to symbolize

Forms: reported; reported; reporting

Forms: represented; represented; representing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– representative

representative

n. delegate; agent; person who acts on behalf of another

adj. typical; characteristic; acting on behalf of another

person or organization

reputation

reprove144. request

request146.

145.

143.

Forms: plural: representatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reprove

reputation

v. to accuse; to admonish

n. regard; esteem; renown

Forms: reproved; reproved; reproving

Forms: plural: reputations

175

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

request

n. petition; instance of asking for something; something

v. to ask for; to petition for

that is asked for; object of a petition Forms: requested; requested; requesting

requirement

require148. rescue

reschedule150.

149.

147.

Forms: plural: requests

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– require

requirement

v. to demand; to claim; to need; to call for; to order; to

n. something that is demanded; necessity; something that

command

is needed

Forms: required; required; requiring

Forms: plural: requirements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reschedule

rescue

v. to set a new time and date

n. deliverance; act of saving from danger or injury; act of freeing from risk Forms: plural: rescues

research

rescue152. resemble

research154. requirement

reserve

reservation156. resident

residence158.

157.

155.

153.

151.

Forms: rescheduled; rescheduled; rescheduling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rescue

research

v. to save from harm; to deliver from danger; to free from

n. comprehensive inquiry; extensive investigation of a

risk

subject

Forms: rescued; rescued; rescuing

Forms: plural: researches

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– research

resemble

v. to perform a thorough investigation; to study a subject

v. to be similar to; to be akin to; to look like; to have a

closely

similar appearance to

Forms: researched; researched; researching

Forms: resembled; resembled; resembling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reservation

reserve requirement

n. act of ordering in advance (hotel room, airline ticket,

n. minimum amount of money and liquid assets set by the

etc.)

central banking system of the U.S.

Forms: plural: reservations

Forms: plural: reserve requirements

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– residence

resident

n. headquarters of a business; dwelling place; abode;

adj. staying in a particular place; not migratory; intrinsic;

home; domicile

existing

residential

resident160.

159.

Forms: plural: residences ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

176

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

resident

residential

n. inhabitant; one who lives in a particular location

adj. intended for inhabitation; occupied with homes

resign

residual162.

161.

Forms: plural: residents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– residual

resign

adj. enduring; lasting; continuing; leftover; remaining

v. to quit an office or position; to relinquish; to give up; to abdicate

resilience

resignation164. resist

resist166. resolute

resistance168.

167.

165.

163.

Forms: resigned; resigned; resigning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resignation

resilience

n. act of quitting a position; letter stating that one quits a

n. elasticity; cheerfulness; quality of quickly recovering

position; relinquishment

from sadness or failure; buoyancy

Forms: plural: resignations

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resist

resist

v. to oppose; to fight against; to challenge; to withstand

n. protective coating

Forms: resisted; resisted; resisting

Forms: plural: resists

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resistance

resolute

n. opposition; act of fighting against; act of withstanding

adj. determined; firm; steadfast

the effects of

resolve

resolve170.

169.

Forms: plural: resistances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resolve

resolve

v. to determine; to decide; to separate into constituent

n. firm decision; ruling; decisiveness; determination

parts

resource

resonate172.

171.

Forms: resolved; resolved; resolving

Forms: plural: resolves

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resonate

resource

v. to echo

n. supply; stock; means of accomplishing a goal; expedient

respect

respect174. response

respond176.

175.

173.

Forms: resonated; resonated; resonating

Forms: plural: resources

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– respect

respect

v. to honor; to admire; to esteem; to hold in high regard

n. honor; esteem; high regard; consideration; attention

Forms: respected; respected; respecting

Forms: no plural

177

PHOTOCOPIABLE

responsive

responsible178.

177.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

respond

response

v. to answer; to reply; to react

n. reply; answer; reaction

Forms: responded; responded; responding

Forms: plural: responses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– responsible

responsive

adj. dependable; reliable; accountable; liable

adj. answering; reacting (esp. positively or

resume

restriction180.

179.

sympathetically) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– restriction

resume

n. limitation; limit

v. to recommence; to begin again; to retake; to take back; to continue Forms: resumed; resumed; resuming

retail

resume182.

181.

Forms: plural: restrictions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– resume

retail

n. summary; synopsis; abstract; CV; curriculum vitae

adj. pertaining to the sale of goods to final consumers; of the sale of merchandise to end users

retailer

retail184.

183.

Forms: plural: resumes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– retail

retailer

n. sale of products to final consumers; sale of goods to

n. person or business that sells goods to final consumers

end users

retire

reticent186.

185.

Forms: plural: retails

Forms: plural: retailers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reticent

retire

adj. keeping quiet; reserved; showing self-restraint

v. to withdraw from a position (usually due to old age); go into seclusion; to withdraw

retrieval

retirement188.

187.

Forms: retired; retired; retiring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– retirement

retrieval

n. withdrawal from one's job or occupation

n. act of bringing back; restoration; act of finding information and sending it to the user as output

return

retrieve190.

189.

Forms: plural: retirements

Forms: plural: retrievals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– retrieve

return

v. to recover; to regain; to bring back; to fetch; to rescue

adj. reciprocal; done in response to a previous action; repeated; recurring

reveal

return192.

191.

Forms: retrieved; retrieved; retrieving ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

178

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

return

reveal

n. act of giving back; reply; answer; profit; yield;

v. to show; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to disclose

repayment Forms: revealed; revealed; revealing

revere

revenue194.

193.

Forms: plural: returns

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– revenue

revere

n. income; return; gains; government income earned

v. to respect deeply; to honor greatly

through taxation Forms: revered; revered; revering

reverse

reverse196.

195.

Forms: plural: revenues

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reverse

reverse

adj. having the back side exposed to view; opposite;

n. opposite; contrary; back side; rear; setback; defeat

contrary

review

review198.

197.

Forms: plural: reverses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– review

review

n. survey; general study; examination; inspection

v. to survey; to conduct a general study; to inspect; to examine; to reconsider

revise

revise200. revolve

revive202. reward

reward204.

203.

201.

199.

Forms: plural: reviews

Forms: reviewed; reviewed; reviewing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– revise

revise

v. to make changes in order to improve something; to

n. act of making changes; alteration; proof sheet made to

edit; to correct

verify changes made and check for additional errors

Forms: revised; revised; revising

Forms: plural: revises

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– revive

revolve

v. to resuscitate; to bring back to life; to put into action

v. to rotate; to turn; to spin; to encircle; to think about; to

again

contemplate

Forms: revived; revived; reviving

Forms: revolved; revolved; revolving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– reward

reward

v. to recompense someone for a service

n. prize; recompense; benefit received as payment for a service

rise

rigorous206.

205.

Forms: rewarded; rewarded; rewarding

Forms: plural: rewards

179

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

rigorous

rise

adj. harsh; strict; severe; exact; precise

v. to stand up; to get into an upright position; to climb; to ascend

rival

rise208.

207.

Forms: rose; risen; rising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rise

rival

n. slope; incline; increase; ascent; raise in position or

adj. being in competition; contending

status; promotion; angry response

rivalry

rival210. rotten

robust212. route

route214. routine

routine216.

215.

213.

211.

209.

Forms: plural: rises –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rival

rivalry

n. competitor; opponent; contender

n. competition; contention; act of competing

Forms: plural: rivals

Forms: plural: rivalries

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– robust

rotten

adj. strong; healthy

adj. decayed; decomposed; putrid; spoiled; despicable

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– route

route

n. track; path; customary series of stops during a trip

v. to direct along a particular path; to chart a course

Forms: plural: routes

Forms: routed; routed; routing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– routine

routine

n. commonplace activity; everyday task; habit; custom;

adj. commonplace; ordinary; usual; customary; habitual

practice

rubber

royalties218. rule

rubber220.

219.

217.

Forms: plural: routines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– royalties

rubber

n. percentage of profits paid to an artist for each copy of

n. elastic material derived from of some tropical plants;

his work that is sold

eraser

Forms: plural: royalties

Forms: plural: rubbers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rubber

rule

adj. composed of elastic material; made from caoutchouc n. law; custom; common practice; government; flat tool used for measuring distances

run

rule222.

221.

Forms: plural: rules ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

180

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

rule

run

v. to govern; to control; to determine; to decide; to decree n. range; journey; track; path; series; sequence Forms: plural: runs

rush

run224.

223.

Forms: ruled; ruled; ruling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– run

rush

v. to operate; to activate; to manage; to direct; to carry

n. speed; haste; sudden increase in activity or speed

out; to fulfill Forms: plural: rushes

rush

225.

Forms: ran; ran; running

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– rush v. to hurry; to make haste; to act or move quickly; to cause to hurry Forms: rushed; rushed; rushing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

181

PHOTOCOPIABLE

salary

safety2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

S1.

safety

salary

n. freedom from danger; quality of not causing injury or

n. periodic wage paid to someone for work; pay

loss; any security device

sales

sale4.

Forms: plural: safeties

Forms: plural: salaries

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sale

sales

salient

salient6.

n. commercial transaction; instance of offering goods at a n. marketing; activities associated with selling a product reduced price; demand for merchandise; auction

or service

Forms: plural: sales

Forms: only plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– salient

salient

n. angle that points outward

adj. conspicuous; bulging outward; protruding; remarkable; noticeable

salvage

salvage8. sample

sample10.

Forms: plural: salients –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– salvage

salvage

n. act of rescuing; rescued items

v. to save from destruction; to rescue

Forms: plural: salvages

Forms: salvaged; salvaged; salvaging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sample

sample

n. specimen; small part of something; representative part v. to take a small portion of something as a specimen of a larger group

satisfaction

sanitary12.

11.

Forms: plural: samples

Forms: sampled; sampled; sampling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sanitary

satisfaction

adj. hygienic; clean; healthy

n. gratification of a need; remuneration; fulfillment

save

satisfy14.

13.

Forms: plural: satisfactions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– satisfy

save

v. to fulfill; to meet a request or requirement; to

prep. except; besides; but

compensate; to remunerate

savvy

save16.

15.

Forms: satisfied; satisfied; satisfying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– save

savvy

n. action or instance in which the ball or puck is

adj. experienced; knowledgeable (Slang)

prevented from entering the goal

saw

savvy18.

17.

Forms: plural: saves ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

182

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

savvy

saw

n. understanding; wisdom; intelligence (Slang)

n. tool for cutting consisting of a toothed blade; saying; maxim; proverb Forms: plural: saws

scale

saw20.

19.

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– saw

scale

v. to cut with a toothed blade

n. progression of steps; table of graduated rates; system of marks used for measuring Forms: plural: scales

scan

scale22.

21.

Forms: sawed; sawn; sawing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scale

scan

v. to climb; to ascend; to weigh; to do according to a

n. close examination; scrutinizing look

particular ratio Forms: plural: scans

scanner

scan24.

23.

Forms: scaled; scaled; scaling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scan

scanner

scene

scatterbrained26.

25.

v. to convert an object or image into a digital image using n. peripheral device used to convert objects or images an optical device to browse

into digital images (Computers)

Forms: scanned; scanned; scanning

Forms: plural: scanners

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scatterbrained

scene

adj. unable to think in a clear and orderly manner; giddy

n. place where an event occurs; vista; view

or frivolous

schedule

scenery28.

27.

Forms: plural: scenes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scenery

schedule

n. view; vista; panorama; set; backdrop used on stage to

n. timetable; agenda; itinerary; plan

portray a particular setting or locale

science

schedule30. score

scope32.

31.

29.

Forms: plural: sceneries

Forms: plural: schedules

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– schedule

science

v. to create a timetable; to enter into a timetable; to plan

n. system of knowledge gained by research; specific field

for a certain date

of systematic knowledge; skill; proficiency

Forms: scheduled; scheduled; scheduling

Forms: plural: sciences

183

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

scope

score

n. range; extent; sphere; expanse

n. group of twenty items; debt; account; bill; grade on a test Forms: plural: scores

scramble

score34. scratch

scramble36.

35.

33.

Forms: plural: scopes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– score

scramble

v. to gain; to obtain; to earn a point (in a game, etc.); to

n. climb over rough terrain; struggle for possession;

tally; to grade a test

disorderly or chaotic proceeding

Forms: scored; scored; scoring

Forms: plural: scrambles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scramble

scratch

v. to jumble; to mix together confusedly; to clamber; to

n. abrasion; cut; score of zero; cash; money (Slang)

climb on all fours Forms: plural: scratches

screen

scratch38. scrupulous

screen40.

39.

37.

Forms: scrambled; scrambled; scrambling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scratch

screen

v. to rub; to achieve or obtain with difficulty; to delete; to

n. part of a television or computer monitor where the

cross out

picture is displayed

Forms: scratched; scratched; scratching

Forms: plural: screens

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– screen

scrupulous

v. to cover with a curtain; to filter; to sift; to hide; to

adj. moral; adhering to ethical principles; precise; strict;

conceal; to separate

exact

seamlessly

scrutinize42.

41.

Forms: screened; screened; screening –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– scrutinize

seamlessly

v. to examine; to investigate; to check closely; to inspect

adv. smoothly; continuously; inconspicuously

search44.

43.

Forms: scrutinized; scrutinized; scrutinizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– search

n. quest; hunt; instance of looking for something;

v. to hunt for; to look for; to investigate; to examine

investigation; examination

season

season46.

45.

Forms: plural: searches

Forms: searched; searched; searching

184

PHOTOCOPIABLE

second

second48.

47.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

season

n. one of the four quarters of the year (winter, spring,

v. to spice; to flavor; to accustom; to acclimatize; to

summer, autumn)

become experienced

Forms: plural: seasons

Forms: seasoned; seasoned; seasoning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– second

second

v. to support a proposal or statement; to endorse; to

adj. next after the first; alternate; other; additional;

approve; to help; to assist

subordinate; having a lower rank

secret

secret50.

49.

Forms: seconded; seconded; seconding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– secret

secret

n. information that is confidential or classified; mystery;

adj. classified; confidential; clandestine; covert; hidden;

unexplained phenomenon

latent

section

section52. secure

secure54.

53.

51.

Forms: plural: secrets –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– section

section

n. part; district; paragraph; passage; department; unit

v. to divide; to split

Forms: plural: sections

Forms: sectioned; sectioned; sectioning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– secure

secure

v. to obtain; to protect; to defend; to strengthen

adj. safe; protected; strong; stable; confident

seek

security56. segment

seem58.

57.

55.

Forms: secured; secured; securing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– security

seek

n. safety; pledge; guarantee; stock; bond

v. to go in search of; to look for; to search for; to request

Forms: plural: securities

Forms: sought; sought; seeking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– seem

segment

v. to appear to be; to look like; to give the impression of;

n. part; portion; slice; piece

to have the appearance of

select

segment60. selection

select62.

61.

59.

Forms: seemed; seemed; seeming

Forms: plural: segments

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– segment

select

v. to partition; to be partitioned

v. to choose; to pick out

Forms: segmented; segmented; segmenting

Forms: selected; selected; selecting

185

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

select

selection

adj. chosen; picked out; choice; superior; prime; picky

n. choice; assortment; collection of items available to choose

semester

self-employed64.

63.

Forms: plural: selections –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– self-employed

semester

adj. independent; independent contractor; business

n. one of the two periods of an academic year (usually

owner; person who is not a hired laborer

15-18 weeks)

senior

seminar66. sense

senior68.

67.

65.

Forms: plural: semesters –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– seminar

senior

n. educational meeting; training session

n. person of higher rank; older person; elder

Forms: plural: seminars

Forms: plural: seniors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– senior

sense

adj. older; elder; having a higher rank; aged

n. any of the five faculties of perception; perception; recognition; awareness

sensible

sense70.

69.

Forms: plural: senses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sense

sensible

v. to feel; to perceive; to apprehend; to understand

adj. rational; reasonable; wise; judicious; cognizant; aware

separate

sensitive72.

71.

Forms: sensed; sensed; sensing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sensitive

separate

adj. having the capacity for feeling; susceptible to

v. to segregate; to set apart; to split; to divide; to

external influences or agents

disconnect

sequence

separate74.

73.

Forms: separated; separated; separating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– separate

sequence

adj. detached; disconnected; distinct; set apart

n. progression; succession; order; arrangement

serious

series76.

75.

Forms: plural: sequences –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– series

serious

n. sequence; succession; television program broadcast in adj. solemn; acute; critical; requiring much consideration; installments

humorless; grim

serve

serve78.

77.

186

PHOTOCOPIABLE

service

service80.

79.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

serve

n. opening stroke or hit of the ball (Sports)

v. to tend to; to attend; to work; to perform a duty or task

Forms: plural: serves

Forms: served; served; serving

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– service

service

n. act of providing; act of offering; work; labor; function;

adj. useful; providing assistance; repairing; performing

role; offer

maintenance tasks

set

session82.

81.

Forms: plural: services –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– session

set

n. meeting; assembly; term; semester

n. system; group of items; collection; posture; carriage; series; sequence Forms: plural: sets

out

set

set84.

83.

Forms: plural: sessions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– set

set out

adj. fixed; arranged; prepared; resolute; firmly resolved;

v. to display; to undertake; to attempt; to begin a journey;

determined in advance

to arrange

setback

up86.

set

85.

Forms: set out; set out; setting out –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– set up

setback

v. to establish; to start; to found; to being; to raise

n. obstacle; misfortune; something which hinders progress

several

setup88.

87.

Forms: set up; set up; setting up

Forms: plural: setbacks

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– setup

several

n. arrangement; structure; organization; hoax;

adj. some; few; separate; distinct; individual; various

configuration of hardware or software (Computers)

severely

severe90. shape

shape92. share

share94.

93.

91.

89.

Forms: plural: setups –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– severe

severely

adj. serious; grave; acute; difficult; rigorous; harsh; strict

adv. seriously; gravely; acutely; critically

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– shape

shape

n. form; model; image; condition; fitness; mold

v. to design; to mold; to form; to direct; to be formed

Forms: plural: shapes

Forms: shaped; shaped; shaping

187

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

n. part; portion; quota; allocation; issue of stock

v. to divide; to apportion; to receive a portion; to participate Forms: shared; shared; sharing

sharp

shareholder96. shelf

sharp98.

97.

95.

Forms: plural: shares

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– shareholder

sharp

n. person or organization that owns part of a company

n. sewing needle; swindler; cheater; professional gambler

Forms: plural: shareholders

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sharp

shelf

adj. having a thin edge intended for cutting; sudden;

n. a support that consists of a horizontal surface for

clear; smart

holding objects; projection; rock ledge; sandbank

ship

ship100. shipping

shipment102.

101.

99.

Forms: plural: shelves –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ship

ship

n. large vessel made for sailing on the sea; aircraft;

v. to send; to dispatch; to transport (by airplane, truck,

spacecraft

etc.); to embark

Forms: plural: ships

Forms: shipped; shipped; shipping

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– shipment

shipping

n. sending of cargo or freight

n. business of sending or transporting cargo; sea voyage (Archaic)

shop

shipyard104. shortage

shop106.

105.

103.

Forms: plural: shipments

Forms: plural: shippings

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– shipyard

shop

n. place where vessels are built and repaired

n. small retail store; studio; business; office; outlet

Forms: plural: shipyards

Forms: plural: shops

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– shop

shortage

v. to visit a store and purchase goods; to browse in a

n. lack; scarcity; deficit; deficiency

store; to inform on; to betray (British Slang)

shredder

should108. sick

shrewdness110.

109.

107.

Forms: shopped; shopped; shopping

Forms: plural: shortages

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– should

shredder

v. must (indicating duty or obligation); would (softening

n. device used to destroy documents by cutting them into

the statement)

small strips or pieces

Forms: modal verb

Forms: plural: shredders

188

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

shrewdness

sick

n. intelligence; ability to think in a clever manner

adj. ill; nauseous; feeling the need to vomit; disgusted; fed up

sight

sight112.

111.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sight

sight

n. vision; ability to see; look; glimpse; spectacle

v. to see with the eyes; to view; to notice; to discern; to observe Forms: sighted; sighted; sighting

sign

sign114.

113.

Forms: plural: sights

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sign

sign

n. mark; symbol; indication; hint; trace; notice;

v. to mark; to indicate; to write one's name

advertisement Forms: signed; signed; signing

significant

significance116.

115.

Forms: plural: signs

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– significance

significant

n. meaning; sense; quality of having meaning

adj. important; consequential; meaningful; having meaning; of a considerable amount

signify

signification118. simple

similar120.

119.

117.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– signification

signify

n. meaning; sense; importance; consequence; act of

v. to represent; to indicate; to communicate; to express;

pointing out

to convey

Forms: plural: significations

Forms: signified; signified; signifying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– similar

simple

adj. alike; having common qualities; comparable

n. stupid person substance unmixed with other substances; commoner

simulate

simple122.

121.

Forms: plural: simples –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– simple

simulate

adj. easy; uncomplicated; modest; ordinary; plain

v. to copy; to pretend; to fake

sincere

simulation124.

123.

Forms: simulated; simulated; simulating ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

189

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

simulation

sincere

n. act of pretending; counterfeit; imitation of the operation adj. honest; truthful; frank; straightforward; genuine; or features of one system using an other system

earnest

sink

sincerely126.

125.

Forms: plural: simulations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sincerely

sink

adv. honestly; genuinely; earnestly; faithfully

n. wash basin; sewer; drain; cesspool; place where criminals gather

site

sink128.

127.

Forms: plural: sinks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sink

site

v. to submerge; to fall down below the surface (especially n. place; location; area in water) Forms: plural: sites

situation

site130.

129.

Forms: sunk; sunk; sinking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– site

situation

v. to locate

n. condition; circumstance; location; position; job; place of employment

size

size132. skim

skill134. skirting

skim136.

135.

133.

131.

Forms: sited; sited; siting

Forms: plural: situations

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– size

size

n. spatial dimension; measurement; extent; degree

v. to arrange according to dimension

Forms: plural: sizes

Forms: sized; sized; sizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– skill

skim

n. ability; aptitude; proficiency; expertise; craft or trade

n. a thin layer covering the surface of a liquid; film; thin

that requires special training

layer

Forms: plural: skills

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– skim

skirting

v. read superficially; to cause an object to skip across the n. act of going around; avoidance; evasion surface of a liquid

slander

slander138.

137.

Forms: skimmed; skimmed; skimming

Forms: no plural

190

PHOTOCOPIABLE

slantwise

slantwise140. slash

slash142. slice

slice144. slip

slip146.

145.

143.

141.

139.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

slander

n. false and injurious statements made about another;

v. to make false and injurious statements about another;

defamation; calumny

to defame; to vilify; to malign

Forms: no plural

Forms: slandered; slandered; slandering

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slantwise

slantwise

adj. sloping; inclined

adv. at an angle; obliquely; in a slanting direction

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slash

slash

n. punctuation mark in the form of a diagonal line (/);

v. to cut with a sharp quick stroke; to reduce; to lower; to

reduction; decrease

criticize strongly

Forms: plural: slashes

Forms: slashed; slashed; slashing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slice

slice

n. thin piece cut from a larger object; portion; share

v. to cut into portions; to cleave

Forms: plural: slices

Forms: sliced; sliced; slicing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slip

slip

n. slide; stumble; mistake; blunder; error

v. to glide; to sneak; to slide; to decline; to deteriorate; to make a mistake

slope

slogan148. slot

slope150.

149.

147.

Forms: plural: slips

Forms: slipped; slipped; slipping

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slogan

slope

n. motto; catchword; attention getting phrase used in

n. side of a hill; incline; upward or downward slant;

advertising

degree to which a surface deviates from the vertical

Forms: plural: slogans

Forms: plural: slopes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slope

slot

v. to incline; to slant upward or downward; to cause to tilt

n. notch; narrow opening; place; position (within a system, etc.)

slump

slot152. small

slump154.

153.

151.

Forms: sloped; sloped; sloping

Forms: plural: slots

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– slot

slump

v. to notch; to groove; to assign to a place or position (in

n. recession; sudden decrease; drooping posture; slouch;

an organization, system, etc.)

collapse

Forms: slotted; slotted; slotting

Forms: plural: slumps

191

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

slump

small

v. to collapse; to decline; to decrease; to deteriorate; to

adj. little; few in number; trivial; unimportant; modest

settle

smart

small156.

155.

Forms: slumped; slumped; slumping –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– small

smart

adv. softly; in a low voice; without strength or force;

n. sharp stinging pain

weakly; into little pieces

smoothly

smart158.

157.

Forms: plural: smarts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– smart

smoothly

adj. intelligent; clever; shrewd; lively; fashionable; stylish

adv. gently; without roughness or projections; evenly;

soar

sneakers160.

159.

calmly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sneakers

soar

n. sports shoe; one who moves about stealthily; one who

v. to glide; to fly upward; to ascend; to increase; to rise

acts furtively

society

society162.

161.

Forms: plural: sneakers

Forms: soared; soared; soaring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– society

society

n. association; organization; community; rich upper class; adj. of or pertaining to the upper class fellowship; companionship

solace

software164.

163.

Forms: plural: societies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– software

solace

n. programs which control the functions of a computer's

n. consolation; relief from distress; source of comfort

hardware

solely

solace166.

165.

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: solaces

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– solace

solely

v. to comfort; to console; to encourage; to relieve; to

adv. only; exclusively; merely

appease

solve

solicit168.

167.

Forms: solaced; solaced; solacing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– solicit

solve

v. to try and obtain something through persuasion or

v. to find the answer to; to explain

earnest requests

sophisticated

somber170.

169.

Forms: solicited; solicited; soliciting

Forms: solved; solved; solving

192

PHOTOCOPIABLE

sort

sort172.

171.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

somber

sophisticated

adj. gloomy; dark; depressing; sad; mournful

adj. refined; cultured; complex; intricate; complicated

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sort

sort

n. type; kind; character; manner; quality

v. to classify; to organize; to separate from others; to clarify Forms: sorted; sorted; sorting

sound

sound174.

173.

Forms: plural: sorts

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sound

sound

n. vibrations that can be detected by the human ear;

adj. whole; healthy; in good condition; sane; firm; valid

noise; vocal utterance

source

source176.

175.

Forms: plural: sounds –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– source

source

n. origin; starting point

v. to originate from; to reveal the origin of something; to obtain from a particular supplier

space

space178. span

span180.

179.

177.

Forms: plural: sources

Forms: sourced; sourced; spacing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– space

space

n. universe; empty area; gap; area; interval

v. to set some distance apart

Forms: plural: spaces

Forms: spaced; spaced; spacing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– span

span

n. length; distance; duration; period of time

v. to extend across; to stretch from one point another; to bridge

special

special182.

181.

Forms: plural: spans

Forms: spanned; spanned; spanning

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– special

special

n. reduced price; sale on particular items; extra

adj. unusual; exceptional; unique; particular; highly

newspaper edition

valued

specialty

specialize184.

183.

Forms: plural: specials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– specialize

specialty

v. to devote oneself to a particular profession or field of

n. distinguishing mark; unique ability; area of expertise

study; to limit

specify

specification186.

185.

Forms: specialized; specialized; specializing

Forms: plural: specialties

193

PHOTOCOPIABLE

speed

speech188.

187.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

specification

specify

n. item or detail included in a description of requirements

v. to indicate; to itemize; to mark; to designate; to

or plans

stipulate

Forms: plural: specifications

Forms: specified; specified; specifying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– speech

speed

n. speaking ability; something that is communicated orally n. quickness; velocity; transmission gear in a motor vehicle Forms: plural: speeds

spend

speed190. sponsor

splendid192.

191.

189.

Forms: plural: speeches

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– speed

spend

v. to accelerate; to cause to move quickly; to expedite; to

v. to expend; to disburse; to put out (money, resources,

further; to hurry

etc.)

Forms: sped; sped; speeding

Forms: spent; spent; spending

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– splendid

sponsor

adj. wonderful; excellent; marvelous; grand; elegant;

n. one who donates money; person or organization that

magnificent

promotes or supports (an event, program, candidate, etc.)

sporadic

sponsor194.

193.

Forms: plural: sponsors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sponsor

sporadic

v. to back; to support; to finance; to subsidize; to promote adj. irregular; fitful; occasional; infrequent

spot

spot196.

195.

Forms: sponsored; sponsored; sponsoring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– spot

spot

n. roundish stain; speck; place; awkward or difficult

adj. made or done immediately; paid at once; performed

situation; predicament

randomly

spread

spread198. spy

spy200.

199.

197.

Forms: plural: spots –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– spread

spread

n. expansion; growth; range; story or advertisement that

v. to open; to extend; to apply a layer on; to scatter; to

covers two pages

distribute

Forms: plural: spreads

Forms: spread; spread; spreading

194

PHOTOCOPIABLE

square

square202.

201.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

spy

n. secret agent; person who secretly investigates and

v. to provide secret information about another country; to

gathers information about other people

examine

Forms: plural: spies

Forms: spied; spied; spying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– square

square

n. geometric figure having four equal sides; plaza

adj. having four equal sides enclosing four equal angles

stable

stable204.

203.

Forms: plural: squares –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stable

stable

n. structure in which horses and other animals are

adj. steady; firm; lasting; dependable; faithful

housed

stack

stack206. staff

staff208. stage

stage210. stake

stake212. stall

stall214. out

stand

stance216.

215.

213.

211.

209.

207.

205.

Forms: plural: stables –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stack

stack

n. heap; tall bookshelf; chimney

v. to place one thing on top of another in a heap; to pile

Forms: plural: stacks

Forms: stacked; stacked; stacking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– staff

staff

n. employees working in an organization; personnel;

v. to employ a group of workers; to provide with

crew; team

employees; to man

Forms: plural: staffs

Forms: staffed; staffed; staffing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stage

stage

n. raised platform; resting place on a journey; phase

v. to perform; to present; to carry out; to execute

Forms: plural: stages

Forms: staged; staged; staging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stake

stake

n. wager; bet; investment; share

v. to risk; to gamble; to finance; to underwrite

Forms: plural: stakes

Forms: staked; staked; staking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stall

stall

n. stand; booth; pen; pretext to delay

v. to put into a stable; to delay; to check the progress of

Forms: plural: stalls

Forms: stalled; stalled; stalling

195

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

stance

stand out

n. physical position or bearing; opinion; attitude

v. to be conspicuous; to be noticeable; to project; to protrude Forms: stood out; stood out; standing out

standard

standard218.

217.

Forms: plural: stances

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– standard

standard

n. model; criterion; norm; average; commodity which

adj. serving as a model; normal; regular; typical; widely

backs a monetary system

accepted

staple

standpoint220. state

staple222.

221.

219.

Forms: plural: standards –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– standpoint

staple

n. outlook; perspective; view; opinion; attitude

n. metal clip for binding papers; essential element

Forms: plural: standpoints

Forms: plural: staples

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– staple

state

adj. essential; regularly used; primary; principal; main (of

n. condition; phase; mood; splendor; nation

goods or products)

statement

state224.

223.

Forms: plural: states –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– state

statement

adj. governmental; bureaucratic; majestic; dignified

n. declaration; allegation; official account

station

station226.

225.

Forms: plural: statements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– station

station

n. position; place where a person or thing is usually

v. to assign to a particular post or position; to appoint

found; headquarters; broadcast frequency

stationery

stationary228.

227.

Forms: plural: stations

Forms: stationed; stationed; stationing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stationary

stationery

adj. still; fixed in place; static; settled; tending to stay in

n. paper used for writing letters

one place

status

statistics230.

229.

Forms: plural: stationeries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– statistics

status

n. organization and interpretation of numerical data

n. individual's social or professional standing; position; rank; present situation

stay

stay232.

231.

Forms: only plural

Forms: plural: statuses

196

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

stay

stem

steadfast234.

233.

n. act of halting; visit; temporary residence; suspension of v. to visit; to spend time in a place; to remain temporarily; a legal proceeding

to lodge

Forms: plural: stays

Forms: stayed; stayed; staying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– steadfast

stem

adj. loyal; faithful; unchanging

n. central stalk of a plant; petiole

step

stem236.

235.

Forms: plural: stems –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stem

step

v. to arise; to come from; to originate; to stop; to check

n. movement made by lifting the foot and setting it down in another place; stair; stage in a process Forms: plural: steps

sternly

step238.

237.

Forms: stemmed; stemmed; stemming

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– step

sternly

pref. related to by the remarriage of a parent and not by

adv. strictly; firmly

still

still240.

239.

blood –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– still

still

n. silence; quiet; photograph

adj. quiet; tranquil; calm; motionless

stipulate

stipendiary242.

241.

Forms: plural: stills –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stipendiary

stipulate

adj. receiving of a regular or fixed payment

v. to require that certain conditions be met before the signing of a contract; to specify; to require

stock

stock244.

243.

Forms: stipulated; stipulated; stipulating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stock

stock

n. supply of goods; inventory; share; company's capital

adj. available on a regular basis; employed to handle

divided into shares

merchandise or goods

stop

stop246. store

store248.

247.

245.

Forms: plural: stocks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stop

stop

n. cessation; end; visit; obstacle; hindrance

v. to halt; to cease; to quit; to close; to block; to impede

Forms: plural: stops

Forms: stopped; stopped; stopping

197

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

store

n. shop; place where merchandise is sold; supply of

v. to amass; to accumulate; to supply; to equip

goods or materials set aside for future use Forms: stored; stored; storing

straight

story250.

249.

Forms: plural: stores

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– story

straight

n. true or fictional account of some occurrence; short

n. line that is not curved; section that is not curved

work of fiction; plot; news report Forms: plural: straights

straightforward

straight252.

251.

Forms: plural: stories

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– straight

straightforward

adj. having no curves or bends; frank; continuous;

adj. frank; candid; sincere; honest; simple; uncomplicated

strategy

strap254.

253.

honest; consistent –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– strap

strategy

v. to tie with a narrow piece of leather; to lash

n. plans or methods created for the purpose of achieving a goal

streamline

streamline256.

255.

Forms: strapped; strapped; strapping

Forms: plural: strategies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– streamline

streamline

n. path along which a fluid flows; direction in which a

v. to make more efficient; to organize; to simplify

particle flows; aerodynamic shape

strengthen

strength258.

257.

Forms: plural: streamlines

Forms: streamlined; streamlined; streamlining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– strength

strengthen

n. durability; determination; resolve; power; intensity;

v. to make strong; to fortify; to reinforce; to toughen

force

stress

stress260.

259.

Forms: plural: strengths

Forms: strengthened; strengthened; strengthening

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stress

stress

n. emphasis; importance; accent; strain; tension;

v. to emphasize; to accentuate

pressure

strike

stretch262.

261.

Forms: plural: stresses

Forms: stressed; stressed; stressing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– stretch

strike

v. to extend; to elongate; to reach out; to pull; to strain

n. temporary work stoppage; good luck; discovery of natural resources

striped

strike264.

263.

Forms: stretched; stretched; stretching

Forms: plural: strikes

198

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

strike

striped

v. to temporarily cease working as a protest; to impress

adj. marked with narrow bands of contrasting color or texture

structure

strive266. study

structure268.

267.

265.

Forms: struck; stricken; striking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– strive

structure

v. to endeavor; to try hard; to compete; to struggle; to

n. building; something created from a number of

resist

interconnecting parts

Forms: strove; striven; striving

Forms: plural: structures

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– structure

study

v. to organize; to arrange; to give form to

n. learning; field of learning; thorough investigation; report; analysis Forms: plural: studies

style

study270.

269.

Forms: structured; structured; structuring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– study

style

v. to learn; to ponder; to examine; to investigate; to

n. manner; way; fashion; chic; vogue

memorize

subject

style272. subjectively

subject274.

273.

271.

Forms: studied; studied; studying

Forms: plural: styles

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– style

subject

v. to plan; to design; to name; to call

n. topic; branch of studies; major; citizen; motive

Forms: styled; styled; styling

Forms: plural: subjects

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subject

subjectively

adj. under the rule of; subordinate; exposed to; liable to;

adv. based on individual thoughts and feelings

subordinate

submit276.

275.

conditional –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– submit

subordinate

v. to give in; to surrender; to yield; to present; to propose

n. one who is subservient; someone under the authority of another

subordinate278.

277.

Forms: submitted; submitted; submitting

Forms: plural: subordinates

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subordinate

adj. inferior; of secondary importance; under the authority v. to endorse; to donate; to contribute; to pledge; to of another

support; to approve

subside

subscription280.

279.

Forms: subscribed; subscribed; subscribing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

199

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

subscription

subside

n. payment given for regularly scheduled performances

v. to descend; to decline; to abate; to lessen

or publications Forms: subsided; subsided; subsiding

subsidiary

subsidiary282.

281.

Forms: plural: subscriptions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subsidiary

subsidiary

n. company that is owned or controlled by another

adj. supplementary; auxiliary; secondary; lesser in

company

importance

subsidy

subsidize284. substantiate

substantial286.

285.

283.

Forms: plural: subsidiaries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subsidize

subsidy

v. to provide financial assistance

n. financial assistance

Forms: subsidized; subsidized; subsidizing

Forms: plural: subsidies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– substantial

substantiate

adj. firm; wealthy; influential; important; considerable

v. to prove; to verify; to confirm; to actualize

substantive

substantive288.

287.

Forms: substantiated; substantiated; substantiated –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– substantive

substantive

n. word or phrase functioning as a noun

adj. existing independently; real; tangible

substitute

substitute290.

289.

Forms: plural: substantives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– substitute

substitute

n. replacement; person or thing that takes the place of

adj. acting as a replacement

another

succeed

subtract292. succinct

success294.

293.

291.

Forms: plural: substitutes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– subtract

succeed

v. to take away part of a whole; to remove; to deduct

v. to prosper; to achieve; to attain; to follow; to inherit

Forms: subtracted; subtracted; subtracting

Forms: succeeded; succeeded; succeeding

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– success

succinct

n. attainment of something desired or attempted;

adj. stated briefly but clearly; clear and concise; short and

accomplishment; prosperity

to the point

suggest

sufficient296.

295.

Forms: plural: successes ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

200

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

sufficient

suggest

adj. enough; adequate

v. to propose; to mention; to imply; to hint; to evoke

suit

suggestion298.

297.

Forms: suggested; suggested; suggesting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suggestion

suit

n. proposal; recommendation; insinuation; hint

n. matching outfit consisting of a jacket and trousers or a skirt; request; courtship Forms: plural: suits

suitcase

suit300. sum

suite302.

301.

299.

Forms: plural: suggestions

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suit

suitcase

v. to fit; to match; to satisfy; to please; to clothe

n. rectangular traveling bag; valise

Forms: suited; suited; suiting

Forms: plural: suitcases

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suite

sum

n. group of things that together form a set; group of

n. whole amount; entire quantity; essence; gist

attendants

summarize

sum304.

303.

Forms: plural: suites

Forms: plural: sums

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sum

summarize

v. to add

v. to present in a condensed form; to list the main points in a brief and comprehensive manner

superfluous

superb306. superior

superior308.

307.

305.

Forms: summed; summed; summing

Forms: summarized; summarized; summarizing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– superb

superfluous

adj. excellent; wonderful; splendid; magnificent

adj. being more than is needed; excessive; unnecessary

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– superior

superior

n. one who is higher than another in rank or position

adj. higher in rank or position; above average; exceptional

supervisor

supervise310.

309.

Forms: plural: superiors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– supervise

supervisor

v. to oversee; to administer; to direct; to manage; to

n. overseer; director; manager

watch over

supplement

supervisory312.

311.

Forms: supervised; supervised; supervising

Forms: plural: supervisors

201

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

supervisory

supplement

adj. managerial; overseeing

n. something which makes up for a deficiency; addition; extra added part

supplementary

supplement314.

313.

Forms: plural: supplements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– supplement

supplementary

v. to make up for a deficiency; to add on to

adj. additional; extra

supply

supplier316. support

supply318. supportive

support320.

319.

317.

315.

Forms: supplemented; supplemented; supplementing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– supplier

supply

n. provider

n. act of providing; provision; reserve; stock

Forms: plural: suppliers

Forms: plural: supplies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– supply

support

v. to furnish; to equip; to make up for; to compensate for;

n. prop; brace; economic assistance; upkeep;

to substitute for temporarily

encouragement; aid

Forms: supplied; supplied; supplying

Forms: plural: supports

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– support

supportive

v. to carry; to encourage; to assist financially; to

adj. providing assistance

substantiate

surely

suppose322.

321.

Forms: supported; supported; supporting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suppose

surely

v. to presume to be true; to hypothesize; to believe

adv. confidently; certainly; without a doubt; yes; of course

surface

surface324.

323.

Forms: supposed; supposed; supposing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– surface

surface

n. exterior or upper boundary of a thing; external part or

adj. external

layer; outward appearance

surplus

surmise326. surprise

surprise328.

327.

325.

Forms: plural: surfaces –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– surmise

surplus

v. to infer; to conjecture; to guess; to presume

n. profit; amount of assets that is higher than liabilities

Forms: surmised; surmised; surmising

Forms: plural: surpluses

202

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

surprise

n. astonishment; something which startles or astonishes;

v. to startle; to astonish; to ambush

unexpected event Forms: surprised; surprised; surprising

survey

surveillance330. survive

survey332.

331.

329.

Forms: plural: surprises

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– surveillance

survey

n. careful observation of a person or group

n. review; overview; statistical study

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: surveys

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– survey

survive

v. to look over; to observe; to examine carefully; to study

v. to outlive; to remain in use; to outlast; to endure; to withstand Forms: survived; survived; surviving

suspect

susceptible334. sustain

suspend336.

335.

333.

Forms: surveyed; surveyed; surveying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– susceptible

suspect

adj. vulnerable; prone; impressionable

adj. doubtful; dubious

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– suspend

sustain

v. to hang; to postpone; to defer; to expel

v. to support; to provide for; to finance; to assist; to encourage

swap

swap338. sway

sway340.

339.

337.

Forms: suspended; suspended; suspending

Forms: sustained; sustained; sustaining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– swap

swap

n. exchange; trade

v. to exchange one thing for another; to trade; to barter

Forms: plural: swaps

Forms: swapped; swapped; swapping

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sway

sway

n. moving back and forth; influence; control; authority

v. to move back and forth; to lean in a certain direction; to be sympathetic to; to hesitate

swift

sweater342.

341.

Forms: plural: sways

Forms: swayed; swayed; swaying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sweater

swift

n. pullover; employer who underpays his employees

n. financial industry owned cooperative supplying secure, standardized messaging services to financial institutions

switch

swift344.

343.

Forms: plural: sweaters

Forms: plural: swifts

203

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

swift

switch

adj. fast; immediate; prompt; smart

n. exchange; transfer; device

switchboard

switch346. symposium

sympathy348.

347.

345.

Forms: plural: switches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– switch

switchboard

v. to change; to shift; to exchange; to trade; to turn on or

n. panel containing buttons for connecting and

off

disconnecting telephone or electrical circuits

Forms: switched; switched; switching

Forms: plural: switchboards

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– sympathy

symposium

n. affinity; compassion; pity; concern; empathy

n. meeting or conference at which a specific topic is discussed

system

synthesis350.

349.

Forms: plural: sympathies

Forms: plural: symposiums

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– synthesis

system

n. combining of separate elements into a complete whole n. combination of related things or parts that form a complex whole

systematically

351.

Forms: plural: syntheses

Forms: plural: systems

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– systematically adv. methodically; in an organized fashion ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

204

PHOTOCOPIABLE

table

table2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

T1.

table

tackle

tackle4. tailor

tailor6. take

take8.

n. list of information arranged in columns and rows; chart; v. to enter information into a chart; to postpone; to set flat surface

aside for future consideration

Forms: plural: tables

Forms: tabled; tabled; tabling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tackle

tackle

n. equipment; device for lifting and lowering objects

v. to deal with; to stop; to undertake; to set about

Forms: plural: tackles

Forms: tackled; tackled; tackling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tailor

tailor

n. one who makes or alters garments

v. to create or adapt for a particular need or desire

Forms: plural: tailors

Forms: tailored; tailored; tailoring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– take

take

n. amount collected at one time; income; proceeds;

v. to seize; to capture; to possess; to contract

profits (Informal)

takeover

over10.

take

Forms: plural: takes

Forms: took; taken; taking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– take over

takeover

v. to capture; to assume control

n. act of assuming control of something (as in a government or business)

talk

talk12.

11.

Forms: took over; taken over; taking over

Forms: plural: takeovers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– talk

talk

n. conversation; speech; lecture; meeting

v. to converse; to speak; to spread rumors; to lecture; to reveal secret information

tall

talkative14.

13.

Forms: plural: talks

Forms: talked; talked; talking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– talkative

tall

adj. chatty; loquacious

adj. having a specified height; difficult to believe;

tantamount

tantalizing16.

15.

exaggerated; challenging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tantalizing

tantamount

v. to tempt or tease by presenting something as available adj. equivalent to; equal to and then withholding it

target

target18.

17.

Forms: tantalized; tantalized; tantalizing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

205

PHOTOCOPIABLE

task

task20. taste

taste22. tax

tax24.

23.

21.

19.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

target

n. mark; objective; aim; object; goal

v. to aim at something

Forms: plural: targets

Forms: targeted; targeted; targeting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– task

task

n. job; assignment; obligation; role

v. to give assignments; to overburden; to strain

Forms: plural: tasks

Forms: tasked; tasked; tasking

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– taste

taste

n. perception of flavor; sense; reason

v. to check flavor by eating; to attempt; to try

Forms: plural: tastes

Forms: tasted; tasted; tasting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tax

tax

n. levy; fee

v. to impose a tariff; to impose a levy; to burden; to demand too much

technique

technician26. temper

technology28. temporary

temper30.

29.

27.

25.

Forms: plural: taxes

Forms: taxed; taxed; taxing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– technician

technique

n. specialist in repairs of machinery and appliances

n. method of performance

Forms: plural: technicians

Forms: plural: techniques

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– technology

temper

n. sciences of the industrial arts; applied sciences

n. disposition; mood

Forms: plural: technologies

Forms: plural: tempers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– temper

temporary

v. to moderate; to soften; to tone down; to toughen; to

adj. passing; brief

harden

tenant

tenant32. tender

tender34.

33.

31.

Forms: tempered; tempered; tempering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tenant

tenant

n. lodger; occupant; resident; renter; landlord

v. to rent; to inhabit; to occupy

Forms: plural: tenants

Forms: tenanted; tenanted; tenanting

206

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

tender

n. bid; offer; overseer; supervisor

adj. gentle; soft; delicate

tense

tense36.

35.

Forms: plural: tenders –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tense

tense

n. inflection; verbal 'time'

adj. strained; taut; rigid; nervous; stressful

tentative

tension38.

37.

Forms: plural: tenses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tension

tentative

n. tautness; strain; nervousness; agitation; apprehension

adj. experimental; trial; temporary; hesitant

term

tenure40. terminal

term42. terminology

terminal44.

43.

41.

39.

Forms: plural: tensions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tenure

term

n. strength; period; permanence

n. word; expression; idiom; condition; stipulation

Forms: plural: tenures

Forms: plural: terms

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– term

terminal

v. to name; to call; to designate

n. either end of a passenger line; bus or train station

Forms: termed; termed; terming

Forms: plural: terminals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– terminal

terminology

adj. end; closing; concluding; final; mortal

n. nomenclature; specific vocabulary

territory

terrible46.

45.

Forms: plural: terminologies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– terrible

territory

adj. awful

n. region; district; zone; area; domain

testimonial

testify48. thoroughness

thorough50.

49.

47.

Forms: plural: territories –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– testify

testimonial

v. to bear witness; to declare under oath; to attest

n. letter of recommendation

Forms: testified; testified; testifying

Forms: plural: testimonials

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– thorough

thoroughness

adj. comprehensive; complete; finished

n. diligence; neatness

though

though52.

51.

207

PHOTOCOPIABLE

thread

thought54. threat

thread56.

55.

53.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

though

conj. despite; in spite of

adv. anyway

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– thought

thread

n. idea; concept; product of the mind

n. string; thin cord; Internet discussion

Forms: plural: thoughts

Forms: plural: threads

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– thread

threat

v. to pass something through an opening

n. expression of intent to damage or injure; intimidation; danger Forms: plural: threats

throughout

thrive58.

57.

Forms: threaded; threaded; threading

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– thrive

throughout

v. to prosper; to flourish; to succeed

prep. in every part; at every point or moment

thus

throughout60. ticket

ticket62. tie

tie64. tight

tight66. timeliness

time68. title

title70. token

token72.

71.

69.

67.

65.

63.

61.

59.

Forms: throve; thriven; thriving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– throughout

thus

adv. in every; during

adv. therefore; so

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ticket

ticket

n. certificate; entry pass; tag

v. to label; to fine

Forms: plural: tickets

Forms: ticketed; ticketed; ticketing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tie

tie

n. rope; cord; link; connection; equal score in a game

v. to bind; to fasten with a rope or cord

Forms: plural: ties

Forms: tied; tied; tying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tight

tight

adj. close-fitting; tense; narrow

adv. in a close-fitting manner; firmly

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– time

timeliness

n. period; era; hour; rate

n. punctuality

Forms: plural: times

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– title

title

n. heading; caption; right; ownership; championship

v. to furnish with a caption or heading

Forms: plural: titles

Forms: titled; titled; titling

208

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

token

n. symbol; sign; mark; remembrance

adj. nominal; symbolic; perfunctory

tool

toll74. top

top76.

75.

73.

Forms: plural: tokens –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– toll

tool

n. tax; charge; levy; grievous price

n. apparatus; device

Forms: plural: tolls

Forms: plural: tools

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– top

top

n. summit; peak; head

adj. highest; prime; leading

total

topic78. tour

total80.

79.

77.

Forms: plural: tops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– topic

total

n. theme; subject of conversation; issue

n. sum; whole

Forms: plural: topics

Forms: plural: totals

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– total

tour

adj. entire; complete; absolute

n. voyage; sightseeing excursion; trip; route

tow

tour82. town

tow84. track

town86.

85.

83.

81.

Forms: plural: tours –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tour

tow

v. to sightsee; to voyage; to travel

n. act of dragging or pulling with a rope or chain

Forms: toured; toured; touring

Forms: plural: tows

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tow

town

v. to pull; to drag

n. city

Forms: towed; towed; towing

Forms: plural: towns

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– town

track

adj. of a city; local

n. lane; path; signs; trails; channel

trade

track88. tradition

trade90.

89.

87.

Forms: plural: tracks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– track

trade

v. to follow

n. business; commerce; barter; occupation

Forms: tracked; tracked; tracking

Forms: plural: trades

209

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

trade

tradition

adj. commercial; of commerce

n. custom; practice; convention

traffic

traditional92.

91.

Forms: plural: traditions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– traditional

traffic

adj. customary

n. movement of vehicles or persons; trade; commerce; load of messages in a communications network

trail

traffic94. transact

trail96. transcend

transaction98. transfer

transcendent100.

99.

97.

95.

93.

Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– traffic

trail

v. to deal in; to sell

n. track; footprints; path; way

Forms: trafficked; trafficked; trafficking

Forms: plural: trails

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trail

transact

v. to follow; to drag; to tow

v. to carry out; to conduct; to perform

Forms: trailed; trailed; trailing

Forms: transacted; transacted; transacting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– transaction

transcend

n. negotiation; settlement; business deal

v. to excel; to rise above

Forms: plural: transactions

Forms: transcended; transcended; transcending

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– transcendent

transfer

adj. sublime; exalted; superior

n. exchange; conveying something from one person to another

trash

transfer102.

101.

Forms: plural: transfers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– transfer

trash

v. to convey; to relocate; to hand over; to pass on

n. something discarded; rubbish; garbage; refuse; nonsense

travel

trash104. traveler

travel106.

105.

103.

Forms: transferred; transferred; transferring

Forms: plural: trashes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trash

travel

v. to throw away; to discard; to destroy; to damage

n. movement; journeying

Forms: trashed; trashed; trashing

Forms: plural: travels

210

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

travel

traveler

v. to go on a journey; to move; to go from one place to

n. one who makes a journey

another Forms: plural: travelers

treasure

tray108. treat

treat110.

109.

107.

Forms: traveled; traveled; traveling

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tray

treasure

n. flat receptacle used to hold other items; platter

v. to put away for future use

Forms: plural: trays

Forms: treasured; treasured; treasuring

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– treat

treat

n. delight; refreshment or entertainment given to its

v. to relate to; to deal with; to process; to pay for

recipient without cost Forms: treated; treated; treating

treaty

treatment112.

111.

Forms: plural: treats

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– treatment

treaty

n. therapy; care; relation; attitude; behavior

n. formal agreement between two states; compact; covenant; contract

trespasser

tremendous114.

113.

Forms: plural: treatments

Forms: plural: treaties

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tremendous

trespasser

adj. very great in numbers; huge; powerful

n. one who damages a person or his property or rights

trial

trial116.

115.

Forms: plural: trespassers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trial

trial

n. test; attempt; experiment; annoyance

adj. experimental; exploratory; test; used as a sample

trivial

triangle118.

117.

Forms: plural: trials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– triangle

trivial

n. shape having three sides and three corners; group of

adj. trifling; unimportant; insignificant; minor

three

trouble

trouble120.

119.

Forms: plural: triangles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trouble

trouble

n. problem; misfortune; annoyance; cause of worry

v. to worry; to cause concern; to annoy; to bother; to disturb

trust

truly122.

121.

Forms: plural: troubles

Forms: troubled; troubled; troubling

211

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

truly

trust

adv. really; genuinely

n. confidence; faith; credit; monopoly; several companies banded together in order to reduce competition

trustee

trust124.

123.

Forms: plural: trusts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trust

trustee

v. to rely on; to extend business credit

n. person granted legal custodianship over property not belonging to him Forms: plural: trustees

turnover

trustee126. twice

127.

125.

Forms: trusted; trusted; trusting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trustee

turnover

v. to grant a person or persons legal custodianship over

n. gross revenues; total business done; rate of selling or

property not belonging to them

producing

Forms: trusteed; trusteed; trusteeing

Forms: plural: turnovers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– twice adv. doubly ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

212

PHOTOCOPIABLE

unable unbiased

unauthorized4. uncertainty

uncertain6.

ultimately2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

U1.

ultimately

unable

adv. in the end; eventually

adj. not capable

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unauthorized

unbiased

adj. unlicensed; forbidden; unlawful

adj. impartial; equitable

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uncertain

uncertainty

adj. doubtful; not reliable; ambiguous

n. doubtfulness

undercut

unconventional8.

Forms: plural: uncertainties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unconventional

undercut

adj. not standard; not ordinary

n. type of beef tenderloin; type of cavity with a broad base

underestimate

undercut10.

Forms: plural: undercuts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– undercut

underestimate

v. to offer at lower prices than the competition; to

v. to assign too low a value to

weaken; to undermine

underline

underline12. underway

understatement14.

13.

11.

Forms: undercut; undercut; undercutting

Forms: underestimated; underestimated; underestimating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– underline

underline

n. caption beneath an illustration

v. to emphasize

Forms: plural: underlines

Forms: underlined; underlined; underlining

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– understatement

underway

n. representing something less strongly than what the

adj. having begun a journey (especially of a sea vessel);

facts would justify

initiated; in progress; under construction

unforeseen

unfair16. unify

unfortunately18.

17.

15.

Forms: plural: understatements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unfair

unforeseen

adj. biased; dishonest

adj. not anticipated; not expected

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unfortunately

unify

adv. regrettably

v. to join; to cause to become one

unique

union20.

19.

Forms: unified; unified; unifying ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

213

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

union

unique

n. workers' association; federation; amalgamation

adj. singular; matchless; rare

unit

uniqueness22.

21.

Forms: plural: unions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uniqueness

unit

n. singularity; individuality; incomparability

n. specific quantity regarded as a standard; combination which acts a whole; piece

unless

unjudged24. unlock

unlimited26.

25.

23.

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: units

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unjudged

unless

adj. objective

conj. not before; precluding; barring; except; aside from

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unlimited

unlock

adj. infinite; boundless

v. to open; to free from restraints; to release

unsanitary

unnecessary28. until

unsatisfactory30. unveil

until32.

31.

29.

27.

Forms: unlocked; unlocked; unlocking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unnecessary

unsanitary

adj. excessive; redundant; superfluous

adj. not healthful; not clean

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unsatisfactory

until

adj. inadequate; disappointing; not good enough

prep. up to

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– until

unveil

conj. up to the time which

v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose

update

upcoming34.

33.

Forms: unveiled; unveiled; unveiling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– upcoming

update

adj. about to happen; imminent

n. more current version of something

upgrade

update36.

35.

Forms: plural: updates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– update

upgrade

v. to modernize; to make current

n. the process of installing a newer and more powerful version of a software package or a piece of hardware

upholstery

upgrade38.

37.

Forms: updated; updated; updating

Forms: plural: upgrades

214

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

upgrade

upholstery

v. to improve; to raise the quality of

n. materials that are used to cushion and cover furniture (i.e. fabric, lining, padding, etc.) Forms: plural: upholsteries

upwards

upon40. urbanize

urban42.

41.

39.

Forms: upgraded; upgraded; upgrading

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– upon

upwards

prep. on; atop

adv. to a higher level; more than; higher than

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– urban

urbanize

adj. pertaining to a city; municipal

v. to make into a city

use

urgent44.

43.

Forms: urbanized; urbanized; urbanizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– urgent

use

adj. pressing; compelling; immediate; prompt

n. function; utilization; benefit; advantage; consumption

useful

use46.

45.

Forms: plural: uses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– use

useful

v. to practice; to employ; to exploit; to treat; to consume

adj. functional; practical; applicable

usual

useless48. utilization

usually50.

49.

47.

Forms: used; used; using –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– useless

usual

adj. not functional; not practical

adj. common; regular; ordinary

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– usually

utilization

adv. commonly; generally; regularly

n. the proportion of available time that an item of equipment is operating

utilize

51.

Forms: plural: utilizations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– utilize v. to put to practical use; to take advantage of Forms: utilized; utilized; utilizing ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

215

PHOTOCOPIABLE

vacant

vacancy2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

V1.

vacancy

vacant

n. emptiness; available position; job opening

adj. empty; unfilled; unoccupied; lacking expression

vacation

vacation4. vaccination

vaccinate6.

Forms: plural: vacancies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vacation

vacation

n. holiday

v. to go on holiday

Forms: plural: vacations

Forms: vacationed; vacationed; vacationing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vaccinate

vaccination

v. to render insusceptible to a disease by inoculating

n. act or instance of rendering insusceptible to disease by inoculating Forms: plural: vaccinations

valid

vacillate8.

Forms: vaccinated; vaccinated; vaccinating

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vacillate

valid

v. to fluctuate; to hesitate; to waver

adj. legitimate; legally acceptable; not expired; logical; well-founded

valuable

validate10. value

valuable12.

11.

Forms: vacillated; vacillated; vacillating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– validate

valuable

v. to confirm; to sanction; to legalize

n. something of great worth

Forms: validated; validated; validating

Forms: plural: valuables

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– valuable

value

adj. of great worth; costly; cherished; dear; important

n. monetary or material worth; importance; merit

van

value14.

13.

Forms: plural: values –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– value

van

v. to esteem; to cherish; to assess; to estimate

n. large closed vehicle used for transporting goods or people

variety

variation16.

15.

Forms: valued; valued; valuing

Forms: plural: vans

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– variation

variety

n. degree of diversity; change; modified version; deviation n. assortment; kind; sort

vary

various18.

17.

Forms: plural: variations

Forms: plural: varieties

216

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

various

vary

adj. assorted; different; individual; several

v. to alter; to change; to fluctuate

vat

vast20.

19.

Forms: varied; varied; varying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vast

vat

adj. large; enormous; huge

n. large container; tank; tub

vegetarian

vegetable22. veil

vehicle24.

23.

21.

Forms: plural: vats –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vegetable

vegetarian

n. plant; edible fruit of a plant

n. one who does not eat meat; herbivore

Forms: plural: vegetables

Forms: plural: vegetarians

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vehicle

veil

n. means of transport (car, bus, etc.); instrument; means; n. netting attached to a woman's hat medium

machine

vending

veil26. venture

vendor28. veracity

venture30. versatile

verify32.

31.

29.

27.

25.

Forms: plural: vehicles

Forms: plural: veils

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– veil

vending machine

v. to cover; to hide

n. automated device used for selling items

Forms: veiled; veiled; veiling

Forms: plural: vending machines

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vendor

venture

n. salesman; supplier; automatic machine for selling

n. an undertaking that is dangerous, daring, or of

goods

uncertain outcome

Forms: plural: vendors

Forms: plural: ventures

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– venture

veracity

v. to take a risk in order to achieve a goal

n. truthfulness; something that is a truth

Forms: ventured; ventured; venturing

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– verify

versatile

v. to confirm the truth of something

adj. fulfilling many functions; multi-purpose; skilled to do many things

vessel

version34.

33.

Forms: verified; verified; verifying ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

217

PHOTOCOPIABLE

victim

viable36.

35.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

version

vessel

n. particular form of something; variant; rendering;

n. large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship;

translation

container

Forms: plural: versions

Forms: plural: vessels

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– viable

victim

adj. capable of living; having a reasonable chance of

n. person who falls prey (to an attack, deception, etc.)

succeeding; practical

vilify

viewpoint38. virtual

violation40.

39.

37.

Forms: plural: victims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– viewpoint

vilify

n. attitude; stance; opinion

v. to slander; to defame

Forms: plural: viewpoints

Forms: vilified; vilified; vilifying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– violation

virtual

n. transgression; desecration; attack or disruption; rape

adj. imaginary; hypothetical; computer simulated

visibility

virtual42. visit

visible44.

43.

41.

Forms: plural: violations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– virtual

visibility

n. computerized representation of an actual object

n. quality of being clearly seen

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: visibilities

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– visible

visit

adj. in view; observable; obvious; apparent

n. temporary stay somewhere; instance of spending time with a person or group of people; inspection

visitor

visit46.

45.

Forms: plural: visits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– visit

visitor

v. to stay somewhere temporarily; to make an official

n. guest; migrating bird

inspection

vivid

vital48. voice

vocabulary50.

49.

47.

Forms: visited; visited; visiting

Forms: plural: visitors

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vital

vivid

adj. lively; vigorous; crucial; critical; necessary

adj. lively; bright; dazzling; clear; graphic

218

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

vocabulary

voice

n. lexicon; list of words and their definitions in

n. sound produced in the throat; expression; language

alphabetical order Forms: plural: voices

volunteer

voice52.

51.

Forms: plural: vocabularies

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– voice

volunteer

v. to raise an opinion; to adjust the tone of

n. one who offers his services of his own free will or without pay Forms: plural: volunteers

voucher

volunteer54.

53.

Forms: voiced; voiced; voicing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– volunteer

voucher

v. to offer to do or give something for free; to propose

n. certificate that bears monetary value; coupon; receipt; authorizer; endorser

voyage

voyage56.

55.

Forms: volunteered; volunteered; volunteering

Forms: plural: vouchers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– voyage

voyage

n. trip; journey; travel; cruise

v. to take a cruise; to travel; to make a journey

Forms: plural: voyages

Forms: voyaged; voyaged; voyaging

219

PHOTOCOPIABLE

wait

wait2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

W1.

wait

n. staying where one is; expectation; ambush

v. to be ready or available; to work as an attendant; to postpone

waitress

waiter4. wallpaper

wallet6. warehouse

warehouse8. warning

warning10.

Forms: plural: waits

Forms: waited; waited; waiting

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– waiter

waitress

n. one who serves tables at a restaurant or pub

n. woman who serves tables in a restaurant or pub

Forms: plural: waiters

Forms: plural: waitresses

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wallet

wallpaper

n. small purse used to carry money and personal

n. picture or design used as a background for the other

documents; billfold; handbag

images in a graphical user interface

Forms: plural: wallets

Forms: plural: wallpapers

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warehouse

warehouse

n. depot; wholesale store; large retail store

v. to store in a large building

Forms: plural: warehouses

Forms: warehoused; warehoused; warehousing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warning

warning

n. caution; advice about danger; advance notice

adj. cautioning; giving advice about danger

waste

warranty12. watch

waste14.

13.

11.

Forms: plural: warnings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warranty

waste

n. guarantee; authority; justification

n. misuse; loss; rubbish; garbage; sewage

Forms: plural: warranties

Forms: plural: wastes

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– waste

watch

adj. leftover; unused; desolate; desert; destroyed

n. small clock that is usually worn on the wrist; guarding; observation

waver

watch16. weakness

weak18.

17.

15.

Forms: plural: watches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– watch

waver

v. to see; to look; to pay attention; to supervise

v. to sway; to oscillate; to vacillate; to fluctuate

Forms: watched; watched; watching

Forms: wavered; wavered; wavering

220

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

weak

weakness

adj. frail; feeble; faint; dilute; watery

n. drawback; disadvantage; defect; foible

weapon

wealth20. weight

weigh22.

21.

19.

Forms: plural: weaknesses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wealth

weapon

n. richness; prosperity; capital; fortune; abundance

n. instrument for use in attack or defense in combat

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: weapons

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– weigh

weight

v. to consider; to be of a particular heaviness; to burden

n. heaviness; unit of mass; pressure; importance; influence Forms: plural: weights

whereas

weight24. whether

whereas26. whole

whole28.

27.

25.

23.

Forms: weighed; weighed; weighing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– weight

whereas

v. to load; to oppress; to burden; to regard; to esteem

n. this being the case; since (used in formal documents)

Forms: weighted; weighted; weighting

Forms: no plural

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– whereas

whether

conj. since; inasmuch as; while; while on the contrary

conj. if

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– whole

whole

n. totality; completeness; entirety

adj. complete; full; entire; healthy

width

widespread30.

29.

Forms: plural: wholes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– widespread

width

adj. common; popular; extensive; prevalent

n. breadth; thickness

will

will32.

31.

Forms: plural: widths –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– will

will

n. last testament listing inheritors of a dying person's

v. to want; to command; to determine; to decide

property

wire

willingness34. withdraw

wire36.

35.

33.

Forms: plural: wills

Forms: willed; willed; willing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– willingness

wire

n. readiness; agreeableness

n. cord; line; string; telegraph cable

Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: wires

221

PHOTOCOPIABLE

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

wire

withdraw

adj. made of a thin flexible cord of metal

v. to take money from the bank; to retire; to remove

withstand

within38.

37.

Forms: withdrew; withdrawn; withdrawing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– within

withstand

prep. during

v. to bear; to endure

witness

witness40. work

wool42. workshop

work44.

43.

41.

39.

Forms: withstood; withstood; withstanding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– witness

witness

n. testifier; onlooker; bystander; testimony

v. to look on; to see; to observe; to testify; to vouch for

Forms: plural: witnesses

Forms: witnessed; witnessed; witnessing

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wool

work

n. fleece from some animals; frizzy hair

n. labor; task; profession; occupation; vocation; effort

Forms: plural: wools

Forms: plural: works

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– work

workshop

v. to labor; to act; to operate; to activate; to process

n. seminar; brief intensive educational program; discussion group

worry

worry46.

45.

Forms: worked; worked; working

Forms: plural: workshops

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– worry

worry

n. concern; fear; misfortune; distress

v. to be concerned; to harass; to advance through great effort

wrench

would48. off

write

wrench50. wrong

wrong52.

51.

49.

47.

Forms: plural: worries

Forms: worried; worried; worrying

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– would

wrench

v. helping verb for use in a question; request or

n. violent twist; violent ripping; tool for gripping or turning

expression of desire

bolts

Forms: modal verb

Forms: plural: wrenches

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wrench

write off

v. to pull by force; to twist; to cut off; to distort; to pervert

v. to disregard an outstanding debt (as of a customer)

Forms: wrenched; wrenched; wrenching

Forms: wrote off; written off; writing off

222

PHOTOCOPIABLE

wry

53.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

wrong

n. injustice; evil; bad; broken law; transgression

v. to cause suffering to; to behave unjustly toward

Forms: plural: wrongs

Forms: wronged; wronged; wronging

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wry adj. distorted; crooked; twisted; askew ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

223

PHOTOCOPIABLE

yearly yet

yet4. yield

yield6.

yearly2.

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

Y1.

yearly

adj. occurring once within 12 months

adv. annually

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– yet

yet

adv. still; already; but; in spite of; although

conj. but; in spite of; despite

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– yield

yield

n. harvest; return; produce; income; profit

v. to produce; to supply; to bear (profit, harvest, fruit, etc.)

Forms: plural: yields

Forms: yielded; yielded; yielding

224

PHOTOCOPIABLE

ZIP

3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

Z1.

ZIP n. extension of an archived file compressed with a special program; type of drive using removable disks Forms: no plural ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

225

PHOTOCOPIABLE