BFCMT Roll No. 048 1
Assignment Of Computer Fundamentals
Submitted To:
Submitted by:
Ms.Nandita Goyal
Harpreet Kaur
(Asst.Prof.)
Class: MBA (A)
Computer fundamentals
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Contents
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION A computer can be defined as electronic device that operates on data analysis it then applies a predefined set of instructions on and produce output
Memory unit
Input unit
Control unit
A.L.U.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
Output unit
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CHAPTER 2 Components of computer: It has many components that are explained below:
INPUT DEVICES: 1) Keyboard: It is an input device through which we give the input to the computer. It is same as a typewriter. It is used to enter the data and instruction. (a)Alphabetical Keys: A to Z and a to z (b) Numeric Keys: 0 to9 (c) Function keys: F1 to F12 (D) Arrow keys (E) Special keys:- + - * / , ; () $
Keyboard
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2.MOUSE:A mouse is also an input device. Which can also be called an pointing device because it is used to point and select some option on screen.
Mouse
It controls the movement of the cursor on the screen. It very important on GUI screen.
JOYSTICK: It is also a pointing device commonly used in computer games. It consists of a lever which moves in all directions and controls the movement of pointer. As per its name it is hand sized stick mounted on the base. The stick can pulled and pushed in all directions.
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TRACKBALL: Trackball also a pointing device It contains a ball which rotates in all directions. The user spins the ball in different directions to move the cursor on the screen.
LIGHT PEN: A light pen is a pointing device which can used to select a portion of the screen. We can draw a figure directly on the screen and move the figures around.
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OUTPUT DEVICES: Output device is a device that receives the stored result from memory unit, converts it into that the user understands. 1) MONITOR: It displays the output on the video screen. It just likes a picture on the T.V. screen. Monitor different on size, resolution and the no. of colours.
2)PRINTER: Printers are the most popular output device. They produce hard copy of programs.
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BFCMT Roll No. 048 7 It has two types: i.
Impact printer
ii.
Non-impact printer
3) PLOTTER: ďƒź A plotter is producing a hard copy of output. ďƒź It produces graph and designs. It is having basically two types: i.
Drum plotter
ii.
Flat bid plotter
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4) SPEAKER: Speaker has become a integrated part of computer. Speakers are used for producing sound outputs. They convert the digital signals into analogue waves. A personal computer contains 210-500speakers.
5) MULTIMEDIA PROJECTER: The projector are the softcopy output device which projects the video output on a large screen i.e. a white board or a wall, which can be viewed by number of persons simultaneously.
Projectors are the main source of presentations.
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CHAPTER 3 MEMORY UNITS: PRIMARY MEMORIES ARE EXPLAINED BELOW:
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1) CACHE MEMORY: Cache memory is used for frequently data and instructions. It is positioned between CPU registers and main memory. The storage capacity is less as compare to main memory.
2) ROM: That memory is in the array form. Once created a ram memory is makes read only memory. Its content cannot be erased.
i) SROM: The PROM chip can be programmed once and its content cannot be
erased. It cost is vey cheaper. Computer fundamentals
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BFCMT Roll No. 048 11 It written by the manufacturer.
ii) EROM: It erased whole not a selective part. In this is stores data with the help of PROM programmer.
iii) EEPROM: It erased electronically. It can be erased and reprogrammed 10,000 times.
2) RAM: It is also called Random Access Memory. In this we read the data randomly.
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i) SRAM: it is called static ram. Each cell of this is similar to flip-flop. It stores 1 or 0 as long as the power supply is present.
ii) DRAM: it is also called as a dynamic RAM. It refreshes the memory. It is very cheaper. It is used in main memory. Its quality is very good.
Secondary memory: 1) Hard disk: It having rigid substance. it having large capacity to store data. Hard disk is metal coated with thin film of magnetic
material. Information recorded in both sides. Data is stored on tracks as well as sectors. Data is easily stored, retrieved, update.
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