Building science project 2 calculation

Page 1

Contents

1.0

Lighting

1.1

Day Lighting (CAFE)

1.2

Artificial Lighting (RESOURCE CENTRE)

1.3

PSALI – Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors (CLASSROOM)

2.0

Acoustic

2.1 External Noise Sound Pressure Level (ON SITE) 2.2 Reverberation Time, RT (RESOURCE CENTRE) 2.3 Sound Reduction Index, SRI

1.0 Lighting

1.1 Day Lighting (cafe) According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution as below: Daylight Factor (%) >6 3-6 1-3 0-1

Distribution Very bright with thermal & glare problem Bright Average Dark

The selected area (Cafe) is located at ground floor. Both facades for this area are exposed to sunlight. Therefore, the amount of sun is sufficient to light up the whole cafĂŠ area. HIGHLIGHTED SPACE: CAFE ARROWS: DAYLIGHTING SOURCES

Daylight Factor Calculation

Floor Area (m2) Area of facades that exposed to the sunlight (m2) Exposed Façade to Floor Area Ratio/Daylight Factor, DF

82.8 100 [(100) á 135] = 0.904 = 90.4% x 0.1 = 9.04%

Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance

Example

120,000 lux

Brightest sunlight

110,000 lux

Bright sunlight

20,000 lux

Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday

1,000 – 2,000

Typical overcast day, midday

lux <200 lux

Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

400 lux

Sunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient illumination)

40 lux

Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

<1 lux

Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

E external = 20 000 lx

9.04

9.04=

đ??¸ đ?‘–đ?‘›đ?‘Ąđ?‘’đ?‘&#x;đ?‘›đ?‘Žđ?‘™

= đ??¸ đ?‘’đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ąđ?‘’đ?‘&#x;đ?‘›đ?‘Žđ?‘™ x 100

đ??¸ đ?‘–đ?‘›đ?‘Ąđ?‘’đ?‘&#x;đ?‘›đ?‘Žđ?‘™ 20 000

E external

x 100

= 9.04 x 20 000 / 100 = 1808 lux

Conclusion The CafĂŠ Area has a daylight factor of 9.04 % & natural illumination of 1808 lux. This will result in thermal and glare problem. Hence, precast aluminium shading device, hinged shutter timber facade and double-glazed low e-value glass for curtain wall is proposed to solve the glare problem and also to reduce the heat gain in this area.

1.2 Artificial Lighting (Cafe)

HIGHLIGHTED SPACE: RESOURCE CENTRE LIGHTING FIXTURES: T5 CIRCULAR FLOURESCENT

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for libraries are 200 lux. Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of Fixture Type of Light bulb

LED Downlight

Material of Fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal Life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens

Aluminium RIO LDL801 50 000 44 80 3000 Warm White 3753

Type of Fixture Type of Light bulb

LED Spotlight

Material of Fixture Product Brand & Code

Aluminium OSRAM MODARIO SPOT LED 2700 lm 830 L24 GR 50 000 44 80 3000 Warm White 2700

Nominal Life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens Lumen Method Calculation Location Dimension Area (A) Luminaires Height Mounting Height (Hm) Recommended average illumination levels by MS 1525 (E) Reflectance Value

Classroom Length (L) = 11.5m Width (W) = 7.2m Height of the ceiling = 3.5m 82.8m2 3.0m 2.2m 300 lux

Ceiling (0.7), Wall (0.5), Floor (0.2) đ??żĂ—đ?‘Š (đ??ż+đ?‘Š)đ??ť

Room Index Utilisation Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Type of light

11.5 Ă— 7.2

= (16+8)2.2

=

82.8 52.8

=1.57 0.54 0.8 Flourescent Lamps , 3300 lumen (F)

đ??¸Ă—đ??´

N = đ??š Ă— đ?‘ˆđ??š Ă— đ?‘€đ??š 200(82.8)

N = 3753 Ă— 0.54 Ă— 0.8 Number of light required

N = 15.32 ≈ 16 16 Light bulb are needed to reach the minimum requirement of MS 1525 = 200 lux 1

đ??´

SHR = đ??ťđ?‘š x √đ?‘ =

1 82.8 x√ 2.2 16

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR) = 1.29 SHR =

Fittings Layout by approximately (m)

� = 1.29 2.2

S = 2.2 x 1.29 = 2.838 Fittings required along 11.5m wall; 11.5 á 2.838 = 4.052 ≈ 4 rows Therefore, approximately 4 x 4 = 16 luminaires required; Spacing along 7.2 m wall; 7 á 4 rows = 1.75 m

Fittings Layout

Conclusion 16 LED Downlights are used to illuminate the resource centre to achieve minimum of 200 lux that is stated in MS1525. In addition, 7 LED spotlights are used to light up the corner of classroom that are not fully illuminated by LED Downlights. With the sufficient level of illumination, clear sight inside resource centre has been achieved.

1.3 PSALI – Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors (CLASSROOM)

HIGHLIGHTED SPACE: CLASSROOM LIGHTING FIXTURES: T5 CIRCULAR FLOURESCENT

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a classroom is 200 lux. Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of Fixture Type of Light bulb

Circular Fluorescent

Material of Fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal Life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens

Aluminium PHILIPS MASTER T5 CIRCULAR FLOURESCENT 120 000 40 82 3000 Warm White 3300

Lumen Method Calculation Location Dimension Area (A) Luminaires Height Mounting Height (Hm) Recommended average illumination levels by MS 1525 (E) Reflectance Value

Classroom Length (L) = 10.5m Width (W) = 7.2m Height of the ceiling = 3.5m 75.6m2 3.0m 2.2m 200 lux

Ceiling (0.7), Wall (0.5), Floor (0.2) đ??żĂ—đ?‘Š (đ??ż+đ?‘Š)đ??ť

=

Room Index Utilisation Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Type of light

10.5Ă— 7.2

= (10.5+7.2)2.2 75.6 38.94

=1.941 0.54 0.8 Flourescent Lamps , 3300 lumen (F) đ??¸Ă—đ??´

N = đ??š Ă— đ?‘ˆđ??š Ă— đ?‘€đ??š N= Number of light required

200(75.6) 3300 Ă— 0.54 Ă— 0.8

N = 10.60 ≈ 12 10 Light bulb are needed to reach the minimum requirement of MS 1525 = 200 lux

SHR =

1 đ??ťđ?‘š

x√

1

đ??´ đ?‘

75.6

= 2.2 x √ 10 Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR) = 1.249 đ?‘†

SHR = 2.2 = 1.29

Fittings Layout by approximately (m)

S = 2.2 x 1.249 = 2.749 Fittings required along 10.5m wall; 10.5 á 2.749= 3.818 ≈ 4 rows Therefore, approximately 4 x 3 = 12 luminaires required; Spacing along 7.2 m wall; 7.2 á 3 rows = 2.4 m

Conclusion

THE CLASSROOM IS CONTROLLED WITH 3 PLUGS, 2 PLUGS (PLUG B & C) ARE LOCATED AT FRONT OF THE CLASSROOM, WHILE ANOTHER (PLUG A) IS LOCATED AT REAR. DURING DAY, PLUG A & B CAN BE TURNED OFF DUE TO SUFFICIENT DAYLIGHT FROM EXTERIOR SUNLIGHT DURING DAYTIME. HENCE, ENERGY SAVING OCCURS. HOWEVER, PLUG C WHICH IS LOCATED AT THE FRONT HAS TO BE TURNED ON FOR EFFICIENT ROOM LIGHTING.

2.0 Acoustic

2.1 External Noise Sound Pressure Level (On Site) i)

Peak Hour

Highest reading: 85 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log10 (I/I0), 85

= 10 log10 (I/ 1 x 10-12)

I

= (10^8.5) (1 x 10-12) = 3.16 x 10-5

Total intensities, I = (3.16 x 10-4) + (3.16 x 10-5) = 3.48 x 10-4 Using the formula Combined SPL = 10 log10 (p2 / p02), where p0 = 1 x 10-12 Combined SPL

= 10 log10 [(3.48 x 10-4) รท (1 x 10-12)] = 85.41 dB

ii)

Non-peak Hour (Jalan Tun HS Lee)

Highest reading: 70 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log10 (I/I0), 70

= 10 log10 (I/ 1 x 10-12)

I

= (10^7) (1 x 10-12) = 1 x 10-5

Lowest reading: 66 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log10 (I/I0), 66

= 10 log10 (I/ 1 x 10-12)

I

= (10^6.6) (1 x 10-12) = 3.98 x 10-6

Total intensities, I = (1 x 10-5) + (3.98 x 10-6) = 1.4 x 10-5 Using the formula Combined SPL = 10 log10 (p2 / p02), where p0 = 1 x 10-12 Combined SPL

= 10 log10 [(1.4 x 10-5) รท (1 x 10-12)] = 71.46 dB

As a result, at (Mah Meri Culture Village site), the average sound pressure level during Peak Hour and Non-peak Hour are 85.41 dB and 71.46 dB.

2.3 Reverberation Time, RT Name of space: Resource Centre

Space volume, V = (11.5 x 7.2) m2 x 4m = x 4m =331.2 m3 Material absorption coefficient in 500 Hz at peak hour

Building Element

Material

Ceiling Floor Wall

Plaster board Timber Concrete with brown paint Glass Glass Metal -

Wall Door Furniture Human Total Absorption, A RT= (0.16 x V) / A

=(0.16 x331.2) /63.62 =0.83 seconds

Absorption Coefficient, a (500 Hz) 0.15 0.06 0.06

Area, S/m2

Sxa

160.0 160.0 109.6

24.00 9.60 6.58

0.10 0.10 0.15 0.46 per person

80 12.4 18 units 25 person

8.00 1.24 2.7 11.5 63.62

The reverberation time for the Resource Centre in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient is 0.83s. According to the standard of reverberation time, the standard comfort reverberation time for conference room and lecture halls is between 0.6 - 0.8 seconds. So, the reverberation time of the resource centre on 500 Hz is within the standard comfort reverberation time.

Material Absorption Coefficient in 2000 Hz at peak hour Building Element

Material

Ceiling Floor Wall

Plaster board Timber Concrete with brown paint Glass Glass Metal

Wall Door Furniture Human Total Absorption, A

Absorption Coefficient, a (500 Hz) 0.05 0.04 0.09

Area, S/m2

Sxa

160.0 160.0 109.6

8.0 6.4 9.86

0.07 0.18 0.18 0.51 per person

80 12.4 18 units 25 person

5.60 2.23 3.24 12.75 66

RT= (0.16 x V) / A = (0.16 x 331.2) / 66 =0.80s The reverberation time for the Resource Centre in 2000 Hz of absorption coefficient is 0.80 seconds. According to the standard of reverberation time, the standard comfort reverberation is between 0.6 – 0.8 seconds. So, the reverberation time of the Resource Centre on 2000 Hz is within the standard comfort reverberation time.

2.3 Sound Reflection Index, SRI Calculation Name of space: CafĂŠ

Building Element

Material

Door

Timber

Wall

Concrete with Brown paint

Sound Reflection Index (SRI) 22 dB

Transmission Coefficient, T 6.31 x 10-3

Area, S/m2

44 dB

3.98 x 10-5

56

8.75

Concrete (Wall) Using SRI = 10 log 10 1/T 44=10 log 10 1/T 1/T= (10^4.4) T=1/ (10^4.4) =3.98x10-5 Timber (Door) Using SRI =10 log 10 1/T 22=10 log 10 1/T 1/T= (10^2.2) T=1/ (10^4.4) =6.31 x 10-3 T av = [(56 x 3.98 x 10-5) + (8.75 x6.31 x 10-3) / 64.75] = [(0.0574) / 64.75] =8.86 x 10-4 Overall SRI= 10 log 10 1/T =10 log 10 1/ (8.86 x 10 -4) =30.52 dB 70 dB - 30.52 = 39.48 dB

The overall transmission loss from café area is at 30.52 dB. Assume that the sound pressure level in the preparation area is approximately 70 dB, the sound that is transmitted to café eating area is approximately 39.48 dB. According to the Noise Criteria environment perception, 39.48 dB is at the category between soft whisper and normal noise. It is considered an ideal value for café and preparation area as it is a place where people are having small discussions and chit chats.

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