7. Airway Obstruction

Airway obstruction is very common, even if we don’t realize it. Some obstructions are partial and don’t lead to any complications. However, others completely block the airway, compromising the patient’s ventilation. An airway blockage can occur at any time, so be aware of the maneuvers used to help yourself or the person who is choking. When a person is choking, they should get the attention of others by holding their neck in both hands. This is the universal chocking sign. Usually, the object that is blocking the airway is expelled with coughing. If it doesn’t come out, you can perform the Heimlich maneuver.

The first step of this technique is to help the person to lean forward and give him or her five firm blows between the shoulder blades. If the person is not able to cough up the obstruction, you will proceed with compressions in the abdomen at the level of the diaphragm (See Diagram on the right). To start with abdominal thrusts, you should stand behind the person and put your arms around their waist. Five compressions are done in the space between the chest and the navel. These should be strong, firm compressions that help generate enough pressure to push the object out. While you are performing this maneuver, have someone call 911 to ensure that help is coming to evaluate the patient. Most of the time this technique is enough to unblock the airway. If the person still cannot expel the contents of the pharynx, you must wait for specialized help. Do not put your fingers inside the person’s mouth to try to get the blockage out. You can push it in farther or get bitten.