RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT, 2005
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
RIGHT TO INFORMATION RULES, 2012
CHAPTER IV
7.
9. Documents to
10. Service of copies of
11. Presentation and scrutiny of
12. Filing of counter statement by the Central Public Information Of cer or the First Appellate
13. Posting of appeal or complaint before the Information Commissioner
14.
15.
16.
CHAPTER V
Right to Information Act, 2005
[22 OF 2005]
An Act to provide for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, the constitution of a Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
WHEREAS the Constitution of India has established democratic Republic; AND WHEREAS democracy requires an informed citizenry and transparency of information which are vital to its functioning and also to contain corruption and to hold Governments and their instrumentalities accountable to the governed; AND WHEREAS revelation of information in actual practice is likely to con ict with other public interests including ef cient operations of the Governments, optimum use of limited scal resources and the preservation of con dentiality of sensitive information;
AND WHEREAS it is necessary to harmonise these con icting interests while preserving the paramountcy of the democratic ideal;
NOW, THEREFORE, it is expedient to provide for furnishing certain information to citizens who desire to have it.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-sixth Year of the Republic of India as follows:—
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY
Short title, extent and commencement.
1. (1) This Act may be called the Right to Information Act, 20051.
(2) It extends to the whole of India 2[***].
(3) The provisions of sub-section (1) of section 4, sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 5, sections 12, 13, 15, 16, 24, 27 and 28 shall come into force at once, and the
1. Dated 15-6-2005
2. Words “except the State of Jammu and Kashmir” omitted by the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, w.e.f. 31-10-2019.
remaining provisions of this Act shall come into force on the one hundred and twentieth day of its enactment3 De nitions.
2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “appropriate Government” means in relation to a public authority which is established, constituted, owned, controlled or substantially nanced by funds provided directly or indirectly—
(i) by the Central Government or the Union territory administration, the Central Government;
(ii) by the State Government, the State Government;
(
(
b) “Central Information Commission” means the Central Information Commission constituted under sub-section (1) of section 12;
c) “Central Public Information Of cer” means the Central Public Information Of cer designated under sub-section (1) and includes a Central Assistant Public Information Of cer designated as such under sub-section (2) of section 5;
(
d) “Chief Information Commissioner” and “Information Commissioner” mean the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioner appointed under sub-section (3) of section 12;
(e) “competent authority” means—
(
i) the Speaker in the case of the House of the People or the Legislative Assembly of a State or a Union territory having such Assembly and the Chairman in the case of the Council of States or Legislative Council of a State;
(ii) the Chief Justice of India in the case of the Supreme Court;
(iii) the Chief Justice of the High Court in the case of a High Court;
(iv) the President or the Governor, as the case may be, in the case of other authorities established or constituted by or under the Constitution;
(v) the administrator appointed under article 239 of the Constitution;
(f) “information” means any material in any form, including records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, data material held in any electronic form and information relating to any private body which can be accessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force;
(g) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act by the appropriate Government or the competent authority, as the case may be;
3. With effect from 12-10-2005.
(h) “public authority” means any authority or body or institution of self-government established or constituted,—
(a) by or under the Constitution;
(b) by any other law made by Parliament;
(c) by any other law made by State Legislature;
(d) by notification issued or order made by the appropriate Government, and includes any—
(i) body owned, controlled or substantially nanced;
(ii) non-Government organisation substantially nanced, directly or indirectly by funds provided by the appropriate Government;
(i) “record” includes—
(a) any document, manuscript and le;
(b) any micro lm, micro che and facsimile copy of a document;
(c) any reproduction of image or images embodied in such micro lm (whether enlarged or not); and
(d) any other material produced by a computer or any other device;
(j) “right to information” means the right to information accessible under this Act which is held by or under the control of any public authority and includes the right to—
(i) inspection of work, documents, records;
(ii) taking notes, extracts, or certi ed copies of documents or records;
(iii) taking certi ed samples of material;
(iv) obtaining information in the form of diskettes, oppies, tapes, video cassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts where such information is stored in a computer or in any other device;
(k) “State Information Commission” means the State Information Commission constituted under sub-section (1) of section 15;
(l) “State Chief Information Commissioner” and “State Information Commissioner” mean the State Chief Information Commissioner and the State Information Commissioner appointed under sub-section (3) of section 15;
(
m) “State Public Information Of cer” means the State Public Information Of cer designated under sub-section (1) and includes a State Assistant Public Information Of cer designated as such under sub-section (2) of section 5;
(n) “third-party” means a person other than the citizen making a request for information and includes a public authority.
COMMENTS
SECTION NOTES
Information [Section 2(f)]
“Information” means any material in any form.
Such material may be in the form of records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, data material held in any electronic form
The above forms of material enumerated in the definition are illustrative and not exhaustive. Material (information) may exist in any other form also not specifically enumerated above.
The term “information” also includes information relating to any private body which can be accessed by a public authority under any other law for the time being in force.
Right to information [Section 2(j)]
The following is the scope of the right to information under this Act as defined in this clause of Section 2 [See also Sections 3, 8-11 and 24]
“Right to information” means the right of a citizen of India to access information, which is held by or under the control of any public authority, and which is accessible under this Act [it is not information to which access can be denied under sections 8 to 11 and section 24]
Right to information specifically includes but is not limited to the following rights:
(i) right to inspection of work, documents, records;
(ii) right to take notes, extracts or certified copies of documents or records;
(iii) right to take certified samples of material;
(iv) right to obtain information in the form of diskettes, floppies, tapes, video cassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts where such information is stored in a computer or in any other device;
Public Authority [Section 2(h)]
“Public authority” means any authority or body or institution of self- government established or constituted—
(a) by or under the Constitution;
(b) by any other law made by Parliament;
(c) by any other law made by State Legislature;
(
d) by notification issued or order made by the appropriate Government.
The term also specifically includes the following bodies:
(
(
i) any body owned, controlled or substantially financed, directly or indirectly by funds provided by the appropriate Government;
ii) non-government organisation (NGO) substantially financed, directly or indirectly by funds provided by the appropriate Government.
Record [Section 2(i)]
“Record” includes—
(
a) any document, manuscript and file;
(b) any microfilm, microfiche and facsimile copy of a document;
(c) any reproduction of image or images embodied in such microfilm (whether enlarged or not); and
(d) any other material produced by a computer or any other device;
Third party [Section 2(n)]
“Third party” means a person other than the citizen making a request for information and includes a public authority.
CASE LAWS
Applicability of RTI Act to Organizations - The Supreme Court ruled that before granting access to information such as seniority lists and DPC records under the RTI Act, the applicability of the Act to the concerned organization or department must first be determined. The Court emphasized that adjudicating this preliminary question avoids premature disclosures that may otherwise contravene statutory boundaries. The High Court was directed to resolve the issue of applicability before deciding further matters. – Union of India v. Central Information Commission AIR ONLINE 2021 SC 1198. NGOs as Public Authorities - The Supreme Court ruled that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) receiving substantial financing, directly or indirectly, from the government qualify as “public authorities” under section 2(h) of the RTI Act. It emphasized that the term “substantially financed” depends on the facts of each case, requiring an assessment of whether the organization’s functioning is significantly reliant on government funds. This interpretation promotes transparency by extending RTI applicability to entities using public resources. – D.A.V. College Trust and Management Society v. Director of Public Instructions AIR 2019 SC 4411.
RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2005 WITH RULES – BARE ACT WITH SECTION NOTES
AUTHOR : TAXMANN'S EDITORIAL BOARD
PUBLISHER : TAXMANN
DATE OF PUBLICATION : FEBRUARY 2025
EDITION : 2025 EDITION
ISBN NO : 9789364557610
NO. OF PAGES : 68
BINDING TYPE : PAPERBACK
DESCRIPTION
Right to Information Act 2005 with Rules [Bare Act with Section Notes] by Taxmann is an authoritative compendium presenting the full text of the Act alongside detailed section notes, commentary, and case law annotations. This edition also includes the Right to Information Rules, 2012 and the Central Information Commission (Management) Regulations, 2007, serving both as a bare act and a practical guide. It clarifies legal provisions, judicial interpretations, and administrative procedures—from understanding transparency mandates to navigating filing requests and appeals.
This book is intended for the following audience:
• Legal Practitioners & Academics
• Public Administrators & Government Officials
• Journalists & Activists
• General Citizens
The Present Publication is the 2025 Edition, covering the amended and updated text of the Right to Information Act [Act No. 22 of 2005] and Rules, with the following noteworthy features:
• [Complete Statutory Text] Presents the verbatim text of the Act for accuracy
• [Pre-amendment Provisions] Includes amendment footnotes detailing the Act's earlier provisions
• [Detailed Section Notes & Commentary] Provides extensive annotations explaining legal terms, contextual nuances, and relevant case laws
• [Inclusion of Associated Rules & Regulations] Incorporates the Right to Information Rules, 2012 and the Central Information Commission (Management) Regulations, 2007
• [Case Law References] Cites key judicial decisions and Supreme Court rulings for practical insights
• [User-friendly Structure] Features clear chapters, a comprehensive index, and schedules for easy navigation