Volume 8, Issue 2

Political Activist Angela Davis

Pixar Vancouver Closes

Features / 3

A&E / 4

THE

@tblucsb / thebottomline.as.ucsb.edu UCSB’s Weekly Student-Run Newspaper

Associated Students, UC Santa Barbara | Volume 8, Issue 2 | Oct. 16 - Oct. 23, 2013 Stanley wants to know: How well do you think Janet Napolitano will serve as the new University of California president? Email your responses to bottomlineucsb@gmail.com.

‘Promise For Education’ Crowd-funds Scholarship Money

IV BEAT REPORT

by Judy Lau

T

he University of California has increasingly become a stepping stone for people who have gone out to make the world a better place. On Sept. 18, 2013, the UCs began a program called the Promise for Education, a six-week campaign that rallies students, celebrities, and businesses alike to help raise money for student scholarships.

The way this campaign works is that individuals make a promise to do something and set a crowd-funded goal ($50, $100, $500, or more) that they intend to reach in donations once they have fulfilled their promise. To raise donations, the promise is shared through social media channels, such as Facebook or Instagram.

“Our promise, as a public research university, has always been to provide the brightest Californians a world-class education at an affordable price,” the Promise for Education website states. “Now it’s time for your promise.”

Students as well as faculty have come up with a variety of promises, one of which was made by Vice Chancellor Michael D. Young, who promises to switch jobs for a day with Associated Students President Jonathan Abboud, as well as shadow at least four other University of California, Santa Barbara staff members during the winter quarter.

The Promise for Education program has already brought much attention from the media, as well as celebrities such as Jamie Foxx, Sasha Alexander, Mike Love (the lead singer of the Beach Boys), and Gov. Jerry Brown, among others.

Sponsors for the program include Bank of America, Spotify, Muzik, and Facebook.

“Helping low- and moderate-income students to become tomorrow’s leaders with a world-class UC education is a goal we all share,” said Janet Lamkin, Bank of America’s California president.

“As an extension of our longstanding partnership with the University of California on business, agricultural, environmental and other programs, we’re proud to partner with the university on the Promise for Education campaign.”

Looking for new ways to increase private support for UC tuition costs has become increasingly more important. According to the Promise for Education website, within the past five years, the UC system has had budget cuts of almost $900 million. Prior to such cuts, the state of California was able to cover 78 percent of student tuition costs. However, the state now only covers 39 percent of student debts. With this drastic change in state support, there are increasing questions regarding the value of a college education and what private sponsors can do for a student’s future.

Photo by Magali Gauthier | Photo Editor

The Wheels on the Buses Keep on Turning

Photo by Magali Gauthier | Photo Editor

Chloe Babauta, TBL writer, upholding her promise.

With the increasing costs of a university education, many students could be turned off from applying to universities in order to save money and financial hardship for families. The Promise for Education aims to provide students in great need with aid in order to attend universities. This campaign focuses on making education more accessible and open for students of all backgrounds.

Although the program will be coming to an end on Oct. 31, over 700 individuals have already posted promises to generate scholarship funds, according to the Promise for Education website. About 300 of the promises come from UC students, about 60 of which are from students at UCSB. So far, the campaign has raised over $1,000,000 in scholarship funds for future UC students in need of tuition funds.

BY THE NUMBERS: $50, $100, $500

$900 million

78/39 percent

60 STUDENTS

Campaigners make a promise to do something and set a crowd-funded goal ($50, $100, $500, or more) that they intend to reach in donations once they have fulfilled their promise.

In the past five years, the UC system has had budget cuts of almost $900 million.

Prior to budget cuts, California could cover 78 percent of UC student tuition costs. However, the state now only covers 39 percent of student debts.

Sixty UCSB students have posted promises to the Promise for Education website. UC students have posted about 300.

by Giuseppe Ricapito IV Beat Reporter The buses will continue to run — for now. Gov. Jerry Brown signed roundabout legislation — SB13 (PEPRA Clean-Up) and AB1222 (Public employees’ retirement: collective bargaining: transit workers: transportation) — to The Public Employees Pension Reform Act (PEPRA), effectively exempting state transit workers from a loss of over $1.6 billion in federal funding.

Sherrie Fisher, General Manager of the Santa Barbara Metropolitan Transit District (MTD), expressed her confidence in the conclusion of the controversy, noting that MTD was now eligible for a little less than $5 million in federal operating assistance.

“I’ve been here for 39 years, and it’s always been fine,” Fisher said. “Even during times of sticky situations, we’ve always received funding.”

According to labor watchdog World Socialist Web Site, PEPRA caused a stir in the Federal Department of Labor (DOL) in 2012 — the DOL asserted that the absence of transit worker participation violated collective bargaining rights. In early September, discussions between the two parties reached an impasse. DOL immediately put a suspension on the flow of public transit grants to California transit authorities, jeopardizing not only construction projects and maintenance jobs, but also the scope and frequency of bus routes.

The MTD website indicates that their system covers 52 transit routes across Santa Barbara County and is covered under SB13 — a permanent pension plan covered by the Taft-Hartley Act provided through the Teamsters Union. Many transit authorities across California are retroactively covered under AB1222, however, a temporary provision set only through 2014. The text for both AB1222 and SB13 are publicly available online.

Capitol Weekly reported that the aforementioned revisions were negotiated under the precondition that California would challenge the DOL in court. In the coming year, a judge

See BUS | Page 2

A.S. BEAT REPORT

PROGRESSIVE ‘TRUST ACT’ LEADS TO NEW CROP OF STATE LAWS

C

by Sam Goldman

alifornia Gov. Jerry Brown signed a bill into law on Saturday, Oct. 5, that prohibits the detainment of undocumented immigrants for minor crimes once they are otherwise eligible to be freed from custody.

Assembly Bill 4, better known as the Trust Act, specifically prohibits California law enforcement from complying with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) holds, which are designed to keep undocumented persons in jail for an extended period of time after being taken into custody, in the case that the detainee could be deported.

“While Washington waffles on immigration, California’s forging ahead,” Brown said of the milestone law in a statement.

“I’m not waiting.”

The effects of the new law are likely to be felt immediately across the state; 10,000 to 20,000 immigrants could avoid deportation, according to Asian Americans Advancing JusticeAsian Law Caucus senior staff attorney Angela Chan.

The Trust Act’s effects could hit closer to home, too, as there are undocumented students across the University of California system. The law comes at a potentially pivotal moment for the issue of immigration in the UCs, as former Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano recently became the system’s new president. Napolitano, who was met with skepticism from student activists after her nomination and who originally did not want states to ignore the ICE’s policy of collecting fingerprints of suspects for an immigration check, declared her support for the law.

The ICE’s fingerprinting and detainment policies were introduced for the purpose of deporting dangerous criminals.

Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, D-San Francisco, who introduced the bill, said that a large majority of those whom ICE got deported — almost 100,000 Californians in all — were not serious offenders. According to the Los Angeles Times, committing a lighter offense, such as selling food on the street without a permit and possessing marijuana, is enough to keep an undocumented immigrant detained longer and sent to federal immigration authorities.

However, opponents of the Trust Act, including the California State Sheriff ’s Association, contend that the law flies in the face of federal immigration policies and ignores those policies’ focus on deporting serious offenders.

Many opponents also believe that the law sends the wrong message to the rest of the world and depicts California as a place where immigrants can enter illegally and not have to fear any consequences, while others feel that the state government is caving into populist pressure.

“Twenty years ago, Californians passed Proposition 187, denying state services to illegal aliens; now, Democrats rule unimpeded by concerns about a populist backlash against permissive immigration laws,” wrote Joel B. Pollack of Breitbart.com.

Many influential and prominent people who originally opposed the law’s provisions have recently come around to supporting it, however, including the governor himself, who vetoed a similar bill a year ago, and Los Angeles County Sheriff Lee Baca. Supporters and proponents insist that the Trust Act instills a peace of mind for undocumented families throughout California who used to worry about losing one another to ICE’s detainment policies.

“With the Trust Act, Gov. Brown is recognizing the importance of immigrants to the economy, culture, and vitality of the entire state,” Ammiano said.

In addition to the Trust Act, Brown also signed into law several other immigration-related bills. AB 524 is meant to curb employers’ threats of reporting any immigration violations by a worker, AB 1024 prohibits immigration status from preventing someone who has passed the bar exam from becoming a licensed attorney, and SB 666 can suspend or revoke an employer’s business license for using a worker’s immigration status against him or her. These new laws are putting the state at the forefront of immigration reform in the country.

“Advocates of more immigration laws are going to be watching California very closely,” said John J. Pitney, Jr., a Claremont McKenna College politics professor. “If these laws work out well they will be able to use the state as Exhibit A in their case for national legislation.”

Photo by Margarita Baliyan | The Bottom Line

Kristian Whittaker, a fourth-year classics and psychology double major, briefly addresses the Senate as Student Advocate General.

AS Senate Strikes Down Resolution Important to Undocumented Students and Allies

by Alex Albarran-Ayala Associated Students Senate resumed its discussion of “A Resolution in Support of Undocumented Students and Immigrant Communities” on Wednesday, Oct. 9. This resolution, authored

by Sens. Beatrice Contreras and Belen Verdugo, did not pass (129-2) as it failed to reach a two-thirds majority.

The resolution was officially sponsored by various groups on campus, including IDEAS and Student Commission On Racial Equality (SCORE). The main point of contention of this resolution was the “no confidence” clause found at end of the resolution, which said, “…ASUCSB Senate express [sic] no confidence in Ms. Janet Napolitano’s ability to actualize the mission of the University of California Office of the President’s Mission Statement until she meets the list of demands….”

The demands range from “holding mandatory annual trainings for UCPD on the rights of the undocumented students and other underrepresented groups” to upholding that the UC campuses remain a safe haven for “undocumented students and underrepresented groups.” While the demands could be contended, most students would not compromise on the “no confidence” clause.

“No confidence or nothing,” said On-Campus Sen. Nikki Calderon as she explained what was expressed to her at a University

See SENATE | Page 2

The Bottom Line | Oct. 16 - Oct. 23

News

–BUS

Continued from page 1

[[

will decide if PEPRA can be enforced on tran- played an essential role in bringing some of the sit workers without some form of collective more controversial elements of PEPRA into bargaining. the social dialogue. Throughout July and AuFisher explained the importance of the gust, the MTD held “Transit Talk Meetings” to public transit grants to MTD. discuss possible emergency service reductions.

“Without the money it would result in a Stepping off the Isla Vista 27 bus, Kathhuge loss of service, and the loss of money erine Pham, a second-year psychology major, from fares would combine it to almost a 30 spoke about the importance of the transit syspercent loss,” Fisher said. “We started a con- tem in the community. versation with “I think closthe community at ing the bus down large to make sure would be very “The foremost issue for we could provide inconvenient for the Isla Vista residents was the necessary students because losing the transportation service.” it is very essenThis developtial,” Pham said. service... The second mament sparked a “It plays a crucial jor issue was that students firestorm of oprole because if and community members position from you’re not walking felt left out; [the decision students and or biking, it’s how to pass PEPRA] happened community memyou get around.” without input and outbers reliant on the Moore countreach to Isla Vista.” functioning, funded the Isla Vista ed transit departmeeting, held Aug. -Alex Moore, UCSB AS External VP ments. Town-hall 29, as a victory for of Local Affairs meetings sprung the socially motiup throughout vated residents of California, motivating participants to petition the community. He noted that 95 people were Brown and the state government. recorded as attending, double from the previThe University of California, Santa Barba- ous meeting, ra’s Associated Students External Vice Presi“Stakeholders from all over the community dent of Local Affairs Alex Moore spearheaded were here,” Moore said. “Many were students the program in Isla Vista. but there were also 20 non-student residents, “The foremost issue for the Isla Vista resi- Spanish interpreters, and folks from residendents was losing the transportation service,” tial services at UCSB. It was a great, diverse Moore said. “The second major issue was that turnout.” students and community members felt left out; The government shutdown caused a hic[the decision to pass PEPRA] happened with- cup in the acquisition of federal grant money, out input and outreach to Isla Vista.” however. Though MTD has no active role in Fisher confirmed that local activism played speeding up the process, they won’t receive an essential role in the reinstatement of federal funding until normal operations resume at the funding. capital.

“Alex Moore of UCSB did an amazing job For the foreseeable future, the Santa Barof bringing together the community of Isla bara and Isla Vista bus system is rescued from Vista,” Fisher said. “It was very well done and potential defunding. Celebrations may be few brought a lot of people to the table to discuss and far between, but students, workers, and the issue.” drivers have all earned the right to a rousing Community organizers and student activists chorus of “Wheels on the Bus.”

STANLEY SAYS

–SENATE

[ [

of California, Santa Barbara IDEAS meeting.

Once the votes had been cast, Scarlet anNapolitano is seen as a threat by the undocunounced that the resolution did not pass. Immented community and its allies because of her mediately after this, most of the students in the previous history as Secretary of Homeland Seaudience who were in favor of the resolution curity and the many deportations that occurred walked out, including Abu Ata and Orozco. during her term. AddiHowever, a few mintionally, these students utes later, Abu Ata came “The folks who wrote this resolubelieve that it is the AS back to speak again tion don’t want to be a part of Senate’s responsibility during public forum it. They don’t accept what you’re to represent them and regarding the decision trying to give them. They have worked on this campaign for hear their concerns, as it and the immediate reacso long. They created a list of would do for any other tion to it. demands; this is their voice and students.

“They clearly left,” they are part of the most marAs a result, the Unisaid Abu Ata. “They ginalized community.” versity Center’s Flying A don’t want to be a part –Katlen Abu Ata, fourth-year student and room was full of orgaof this group… The Human Rights Board Events Coordinator nizations and students folks who wrote this sympathetic to this resolution. resolution don’t want to be a part of it. They “I feel very uncomfortable,” said fourth-year don’t accept what you’re trying to give them.

Norma Orozco. “I feel very targeted whenever They have worked on this campaign for so long.

I’m in this room and it’s really sad, because this They created a list of demands; this is their is supposed to be a body that represents me.” voice and they are part of the most marginalKatlen Abu Ata, fourth-year student and ized community.”

Human Rights Board Events Coordinator, said On the other hand, the remarks of the AS to the Senate, “You said that you are here to senators were mixed. Some expressed their conrepresent the entire student body…I don’t want cern for losing the faith of the undocumented to repeat it, but there is very few to none—No, community and its allies, while others believed I didn’t hear very many people in opposition of that they made a well-informed decision. this resolution.”

“Whether this resolution passes or not, we There was, in fact, little opposition to the are still going to continue organizing,” said resolution from the public present, except for Gloria Campos from IDEAS, prior to the anone student whose conversation was cut off nouncement of the decision. “We are still going

by Internal Vice President Kyley Scarlet, who to be talking to all of our chancellors, all of our deemed that the conversation was turning student organizations; we are still going to be hostile. organizing around these demands, but passing However, there was some optimism about a vote of no confidence, it has so much weight, Napolitano. in terms of being in solidarity with other cam“She can change,” said Off-Campus Sen. puses, and being able to say UC Santa Barbara Jake Orens. “She has the power and she can will have no confidence in you because of your very well be the next UC leader that will bring history, and because right now that’s all we us to the next level.” have to work with.”

NATIONAL BEAT REPORT

Nobel Peace Price Awarded to Chemical Weapons Group in Syria

by Allyson Werner NATIONAL BEAT REPORTER

Here at UCSB, we have our fair share of fauna: raccoons, opossums, skunks, freshmen. They’re so much a part of campus and IV that they often go unnoticed... until you walk into a seemingly unoccupied on-campus bathroom at 9:30 p.m. on a Monday.

For those of you unfamiliar with dealing with wild animals, here are some tips. First off, DON’T FREAK OUT. You are a capable, intelligent, well-adjusted human being, unlike myself (I am a stork). Act. Like. It. If you run screaming like a small child, the animal will smell your fear and pursue and/or attack.

Secondly, assert your dominance as the planet’s smartest apex predator. That doesn’t mean getting violent. It means restoring its natural fear of you by yelling at the top of your lungs and waving your arms, hopefully chasing it out the door unharmed.

So please, if you happen to find me scrounging for snacks in a deserted bathroom, treat me with some respect.

Illustration by Beth Askins | Layout Editor

TBL 2013-2014 Staff Executive Managing Editor | Cheyenne Johnson Executive Content Editor | Parisa Mirzadegan Copy Editor | Camila Martinez-Granata News Editor |Lily Cain Features Editor | Katana Dumont Opinions Editor | Anjali Shastry Arts & Entertainment Editor | Deanna Kim Science & Technology Editor | Matt Mersel Photography Editor | Magali Gauthier Senior Layout Editor | Robert Wojkiewicz Layout Editor | Beth Askins Layout Editor | Morey Spellman Multimedia Editor | Brenda Ramirez National Beat Reporter | Allyson Werner Isla Vista Beat Reporter | Giuseppe Ricapito Promotion and Distribution Director | Jordan Wolff Advertising Director | Marissa Perez Staff Adviser | Monica Lopez Writers: this issue Judy Lau, Giuseppe Ricapito, Lexi Weyrick, Julia Frazer, Allyson Werner, Cheyenne Ziermann, Madison Donahue-Wolfe, Coleman Gray, Alexandra Idzal, Sam Goldman, Alex Albarran-Ayala, Bailee Abell, James Shevelin, Angela Webber, Jen Atkinson, Kelsey Knorp, Evelin Lopez Photographers: this issue Margarita Baliyan, Giuseppe Ricapito, Benjamin Hurst, Magali Gauthier, James Shevelin Illustrators: this issue The Bottom Line is sponsored by the Associated Students of the University of California, Santa Barbara. Opinions expressed in TBL do not necessarily represent those of the staff, AS, or UCSB. Published with support from Generation Progress/Center for American Progress (genprogress.org). All submissions, questions or comments may be directed to bottomlineucsb@gmail.com or content.tbl@gmail.com.

The Bottom Line provides a printed and online space for student investigative journalism, culturally and socially aware commentary, and engaging reporting that addresses the diverse concerns of our readership and community. This is your community to build, share ideas, and publicize your issues and publicize events. We welcome your questions, comments, or concerns at bottomlineucsb@gmail.com, or call our office phone at 805-893-2440.

2

Continued from page 1

Photo Courtesy | Flickr User January

Ahmet Üzümcü, Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The government shutdown, which has left many Americans perplexed and concerned for the state of the federal government, has largely distracted Congress and the White House from operations abroad.

Prior to the increasingly fiery negotiations that led to the shutdown, attentions were focused on civil war and chemical attacks in Syria. The issue’s prevalence had subsided until Friday, Oct. 11, when the Nobel Peace Prize committee awarded the honor to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, a small organization that has worked closely with the United Nations to destroy chemical weapons in Syria since Oct. 1.

According to the Wall Street Journal, the committee received some criticism that it was awarding a group that had yet to demonstrate its peacemaking ability. Committee Chairman Thorbjørn Jagland addressed these concerns by explaining that the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons had been selected in April, prior to any involvement in Syria.

On Oct. 11, the same day the Nobel Peace Prize committee announced the award recipient, the United Nations Security Council opted to further back up efforts with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to dismantle Syria’s stockpile of chemical weapons. Ban Ki-moon, the UN Secretary-General, proposed the plan, but urged that UN workers tread lightly.

Overall, the international community expressed approval of the Nobel Peace Prize Committee’s recipient selection despite other extraordinary nominees. Secretary of State John Kerry acknowledged the organization’s vital role in Syria.

“The Nobel Committee has rightly rec-

ognized their bravery and resolve to carry out this vital mission amid an ongoing war in Syria,” Kerry said.

After the recent spotlight, all eyes are certainly on the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to eradicate the Syria crisis.

Syria faced international scrutiny when the nerve agent sarin gas was used in an attack on neighborhoods in Damascus, the capital of Syria, on the morning of Aug. 21. Sources estimate that as many as 1,300 people died in the attack. Both U.S. and French intelligence indicated that any body other than the Syrian government and Assad regime could not have carried out the attack; however, both Syrian and Russian officials denied these accusations, instead blaming Syrian rebel groups.

On Sept. 10, President Obama delivered a speech in which he stated that he would not hesitate to initiate military intervention, citing a prevalent international treaty as justification; however, despite having executive authority, Obama said he required support from Congress.

“In 1997, the United States Senate overwhelmingly approved an international agreement prohibiting the use of chemical weapons, now joined by 189 governments that represent 98 percent of humanity,” Obama said.

“And that is why, after careful deliberation, I determined that it is in the national security interests of the United States to respond to the Assad regime’s use of chemical weapons through a targeted military strike.”

Ultimately a strike was not necessary, largely because Russia and the U.S. joined forces and negotiated a deal in which Syria agreed to eliminate their stockpile of chemical weapons.

“The Russian government has indicated a willingness to join with the international community in pushing Assad to give up his chemical weapons. The Assad regime has now admitted that it has these weapons, and even said they’d join the Chemical Weapons Convention, which prohibits their use,” said Obama in the same speech.

Under a U.S.-Russia deal, Syria must halt all chemical weapon production

by November and eliminate the chemical weapons program entirely by June of 2014; however, according to Al Jazeera, chemical weapon experts believe that Syria has a startling stockpile of 1,000 tons of sarin, mustard, and VX nerve gas.

For now, all hope is that the Nobel Peace Prize committee did not underestimate the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons’ abilities.

THE B OTTOM LINE IS A P ROUD MEM B ER O F

Our web magazine offers hard-hitting journalism, analysis, and multimedia on issues of the greatest concern to young people; gives young writers, reporters, artists, and others the chance to publish nationally; and builds a community of progressives interested in issues, ideas, and activism.

The Bottom Line | Oct. 16 - Oct. 23

Features

The Palladino Brothers Joe Palladino and D.J. Palladino in Joe Palladino’s office on Oct. 10, 2013.

by Lexi Weyrick DJ and Joe Palladino, mainstays in the film and media studies department, have a history of working together. They’ve worked at a liquor store, a bookstore, and a comic book store.

The liquor store and bookstore are both now closed.

“A lot of places where we worked don’t exist anymore,” said DJ, jokingly.

“We’re kind of the anti-Midas touch,” chimed in Joe. The brothers have been a part of the Santa Barbara community since 1967, when they moved here from the San Fernando Valley. Joe graduated from the University of California, Santa

Old Time Fiddlers Come to Goleta

I

by Bailee Abell

t was a beautiful Indian-summer’s day in Goleta, California, when men, women, and children alike came together to listen to bluegrass music and enjoy good vibes and picturesque scenery. Upon entering the festival – which took place in an area where Anne of Green Gables would have likely been spotted – guests were immediately greeted with warm smiles, and even the sky’s lone cloud seemed to be resisting the autumnal breeze in hopes of staying a bit longer to listen to the event’s delicious music.

Bluegrass has been around for centuries, sparking numerous careers and bringing joy to people of all ages. Because of the widespread locales of bluegrass fans, the Rotary Club of Santa Barbara Sunrise hosts the Old Time Fiddlers’ Convention and Festival every year, consistently paying homage to the vintage music genre in order to invite guests to watch clog dancing, participate in music workshops, and listen to the sweet, melodic sounds of bluegrass music.

The festival was first held on the Lagoon Lawn at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and was founded by Peter Feldmann, a graduate of UCSB and bluegrass enthusiast.

“By 1972, I had been performing in Southern California for ten years, and had come to the realization that very few people in the state had a clear idea of what old time fiddling, folk, old time, blues, and bluegrass musics…were all about,” wrote Feldmann on his blog at BluegrassWest.com. “This event seemed to me a way to help educate folks about their own musical heritage, and I began to tailor the Convention to meet this goal.”

Andrew Doerr, the festival’s director for the past five years, agreed with Feldman, explaining that another major goal of the OTFCF, “is to keep the American Old Time music alive and vibrant. It’s for this reason that we host one of the premier Old Time music contests on the West coast, with folks competing on a variety of instruments and songs, and at all ages and skill levels,” said Doerr.

The event has accomplished its goals over the past 42 years, and in doing so, the Rotary Club has been able to host the festival at one of the most beautiful locations possible. This past Sunday, Oct. 13, the festival was held locally at Goleta’s historic Stow House, which was built in 1873 and was the first commercial lemon orchard in California, according to one of the house’s volunteer tour guides. The timeless architecture reflected upon the 19th century era with its kelly-green shutters and wrap-around porch. The steps displayed a “No Jamming” sign, perhaps to discourage musicians from performing on the centuryold building.

The inside of the house featured

furniture from decades past, including a telephone circa 1918 and an electric washing machine, causing visitors’ jaws to drop in fascination with the foreign-looking contraption. The venue added to the vintage feel and charming ambiance, causing visitors to feel as if they were transported back in time to the bluegrass era of no worries and endless sun.

The festival featured workshops for guests to learn how to play the banjo and fiddle, a craft table where children could make wish jar necklaces, and a main performance stage where four bands, including this year’s headliners, The Brothers Comatose, showcased their music and shared their love of bluegrass with the rest of the Stow House visitors.

“We needed to bring the best traveling and local artists we could throughout the day,” said Doerr.

In the past five years, Doerr has incorporated performers from all over the country into the festival lineup, in addition to improving the competition.

“I feel we finally got it right by bringing the advanced competitors back to the Performance Stage, which both the competitors and the audience loved,” said Doerr.

When the festival first began over 40 years ago, all the proceeds covered the cost of the event itself, but since then, it has progressed to achieve more philanthropic goals.

Today, the OTFCF is sponsored by the Rotary Club of Santa Barbara Sunrise – the organization that has produced the event for over a dozen years – and much of the proceeds goes toward funding both local and international service projects, including dental clinics for low-income families as well as improving water and medical facilities in two villages in Nicaragua, the second poorest country in Central America.

Overall, the 42nd Annual Old Time Fiddlers’ Convention and Festival was a success. The enjoyable atmosphere – complete with green lawns shaded by trees, catchy tunes, and vendors selling anything from handmade jewelry to fiddles – caused spectators to smile as they sat in their foldable lawn chairs on old picnic blankets, relaxing in the October sunshine and soaking in the soulful culture that bluegrass brings.

DJ is also one of the advisors for WORD, Isla Vista’s Arts and Culture magazine, so he splits his time between working for The Santa Barbara Independent and at UCSB. As the older brother, teaching is in DJ’s nature. When his son was younger, the two of them would go to restaurants and movies together and write a joint review of the experience. DJ helps to bring this sort of learning environment to WORD. Although their distinct sectors keep them from collaborating and working together, the two brothers do often work parallel to one another and are confident in their strong working relationship. Like any siblings, they’ve gotten in little tiffs before, but never over anything serious, and at the end of the day, each of them supports the other in his endeavors.

“Joe was a really big help at the beginning of Magic Lantern,” recalled DJ. Both DJ and Joe work very hard to give students the push they need to expand on their own talents and be successful. Their love for the arts is obvious, and they help those who share that love cultivate and explore their passion.

“I think one of the thing we both enjoy is seeing the arts foster,” said Joe. The Palladino brothers provide an environment of encouragement and support for every student with an idea and a passion. They strive to instill confidence in every student, so, as Joe puts it, each student believes “they can actually do something.”

Their involvement on campus, dedication to their students, and creative talents might just demonstrate that the Palladino brothers do, in fact, have the Midas touch.

UCSB Professor and Alright Alright Bassist Talks Craigslist, Music Scenery, and New EP

by James Shevelin For the last five years, the Los Angeles zombie-pop band Alright Alright has been rocking venues throughout southern California with their smoothest lineup yet.

That lineup includes Tamsin Cleo German, an associate professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

While German is first and foremost a professor, she explained that her band is a wildly fun projection of herself and that she doesn’t expect to “blow up” anytime soon.

However, the group does enjoy local fame around Los Angeles, and they play on the Sunset Strip regularly.

In order to promote and make their music available, Alright Alright is on Hive Mind Records, but they self-produce and self-release all of their own material. Hive Mind Records is an independent record releasing company, and Alright Alright is currently their only signed artist. The band’s music is also available on Bandcamp, an online music store, as well as YouTube and various other sites where their music can be purchased. Alright Alright has created their own “B-Movie inspired” brand vision that isn’t going anywhere.

That being said, they just released their latest four-song EP in 2012 and are even planning a show for this winter in order to debut three new songs from an upcoming EP. It’s been five solid years, and the band is still going strong.

After the division of her first band, German went through a series of auditions with bands she found through Craigslist, although none of them were the right fit for her.

“Sometimes, you know, you walk in and you know immediately that you’re not the right person,” said German.

But after posting her own ad on Craigslist, she heard back immediately from a man named Jeff Springer, who is now the lead guitarist of Alright Alright. From their initial meeting, German knew she had found the right fit. Alright Alright has been making music ever since, and the group looks forward to a long and exciting career.

Maintaining a high level of dedication has never been a problem for Alright Alright; they practice and write songs as frequently as possible, though German expresses that the biggest difficulty is frequently playing shows. Because Santa Barbara is not a large metropolitan city like Los Angeles or

Photo by James Shevelin | The Bottom Line

Tamsin Cleo German, bassist of LA zombie-pop band Alright Alright.

San Francisco, it’s difficult to find a lot of bands who are trying to make it big and play shows regularly. Local musicians are making records but they’re not pushing for releases. It’s also difficult to find local gig opportunities, which is one of the reasons German moved from Santa Barbara to Los Angeles a few years ago.

“It [finding gigs] is a lot easier to do in LA than around here,” said German. “It’s just such a small town. I used to live here before I was in the band, and one of the reasons I moved is because I like to go see shows a lot and play.”

Compared to other cities, Santa Barbara may be lacking a true music scene, but Alright Alright is less concerned with making it big and more interested in making enjoyable music with good friends, and having a great time while doing it.

“It’s one of the most fun things I’ve done in my whole life,” said German.

“

It [finding gigs] is a lot easier to do in LA than around here... It’s just such a small town. I used to live here before I was in the band, and one of the reasons I moved is because I like to go see shows a lot and play.

“

Photo by Benjamin Hurst | The Bottom Line

Barbara as a film and media studies major. DJ was a UCSB English major who became disillusioned with English literature his senior year and decided to pursue writing instead. DJ worked first for the Santa Barbara News and Review before it became The Santa Barbara Independent, and Joe had a column for the paper at the same time.

Joe started working at UCSB right out of college and eventually helped DJ get a job at the university as well. Joe worked as a production assistant for faculty member Dana Driskel. Besides a silent film he made during his college years, Joe had very little film production experience.

“So he said, ‘Hey, come be the production assistant,’ and I’m like, ‘Sure, that makes sense,’” said Joe, commenting on his exposure to the filmmaking process. He gained some of his insight by helping students make their first films over the next two years.

He took a break from UCSB up until 16 years ago, when he came back with a strong presence in the film and media studies department as the current Undergraduate Academic Advisor and Internship Coordinator. Joe is very active in the department; he works with Word Farm’s yearly screenwriting training camp, an annual media journal, “Script to Screen” film screenings, and the Reel Loud Silent Film Festival.

DJ was grading papers at UCSB before he started watching over the Film Society, leaving him in charge of the Magic Lantern Theater Program a few months after it started. “Joe asked me if I wanted to watch over the Film Society for a couple of months, and that was 10 years ago,” said DJ.

‘Don’t Let School Get In The Way of Your Education’: Free Angela Screening, Q&A Empowers Student Political Activism

by Lexi Weyrick Pollock Theater was packed to capacity with students, faculty, and members of the larger Santa Barbara community on Thursday, Oct. 10, for a screening of “Free Angela and All Political Prisoners,” written and directed by Shola Lynch, followed by a Q&A with Angela Davis herself and Producer Sidra Smith. Sol Sisters Rising, an organization that advocates for women of color in film, has played a strong role in getting the film to the masses.

Davis is a political activist who has dedicated her life to freeing political prisoners and speaking out in defense of activism campaigns. Davis is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus and worked in the History of Consciousness and Feminist Studies departments at University of California, Santa Cruz.

Davis faced a lot of adversity growing up as a woman of color during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. She was studying in Germany at the time that the movement began. “I had the sense the world is changing, my world is changing and I want to be a part of it,” said Davis of her return to America.

Not too long after her return, she became a professor of Philosophy at University of California, Los Angeles. She was soon singled out for her open membership in the Communist Party and was fired due to the combined “threat” of her being both communist and African American, though the university cites different reasons. Her treatment as a

professor at UCLA strengthened her resolve to advocate widely for equal rights, regardless of the color of one’s skin.

Davis refused to let herself miss the social change going on in America, and when asked if she believed in the Mark Twain quotation, “Don’t let school get in the way of your education,” she replied, “Yes, definitely.”

Before the screening began, Davis was happy to meet students who looked thrilled to shake her hand, and after the event she did book signings and talked with the attendees.

The film portrayed Davis in a genuine light. It did not try to make her look like an angel who never did any wrong, but as a human who deserved to be treated as a human.

When asked the question, “What advice would you give to first generation college students of color?” Davis replied, “Know that you are not alone and you aren’t the first to do so. You stand on a collective consciousness.”

Davis has worked tirelessly to help reach out to people about the collective consciousness. No one person is alone in a platform they advocate for, and banding together will go a long way in seeing change in the current social situations. ”Young people can perhaps be inspired by witnessing the unfolding of this story because there are so many social justice issues today that might begin to be resolved by building movements that are global in character,” said Davis in an effort to help students in the audience realize their potential.

Davis’ story captures the idea that it only takes one person to stand up and decide to do something.

3

Arts & Entertainment

The Bottom Line | Oct. 16 - Oct. 23

The Naked Truth About College Relationships

by Andrea Webber

Gauchos got a chance to “get naked” with Harlan Cohen — New York Times bestselling author of six books, speaker, and advice columnist — at University of California, Santa Barbara’s Corwin Pavilion. This free event was hosted on Thursday, Oct. 10, by UCSB Associated Students Program Board and The Commission on Student Wellbeing.

While promoting his new book, “Getting Naked: Five Steps to Finding the Love of your Life (While Fully Clothed & Totally Sober),” Cohen addressed the confusing world of college relationships, hookups, and encounters that can baffle even the most experienced Isla Vistan.

As a trusted college life expert, Cohen shared his own personal stories and truths that he had learned over years of experience growing up as the “funny fat kid.” However, as a self-proclaimed 8 out of 10 on the scale of attractiveness, Cohen now intends to enlighten student bodies nationwide on the simple realities of romantic and sexual college encounters.

With his smooth ability to use humor while still tackling some difficult, often taboo, and surprisingly common issues experienced by college students, Cohen provided honest and applicable advice for navigating college relationships.

Despite the large crowd that attended the lecture, Cohen was not shy. Walking up to both the single and dating students, Cohen had one-on-one conversations for the audience to hear, taking on some of their own personal problems and experiences. Additionally, throughout the talk, students had the ability to anonymously ask questions via text or e-mail,

“The team at Pixar Canada is incredibly talented and we are so proud of the excellent work we have produced there,” Pixar publicist Chris Wiggum commented to an online new-source, The Vancouver Sun. “However, as we look at the creative and business needs of our studio, we’ve made the decision to refocus our efforts and resources under one roof in Emeryville and will be closing the studio in Vancouver.”

Wiggum explained that Pixar Canada would end all operations immediately, and confirmed that approximately 100 people would lose their jobs. He refused to comment upon rumors that Pixar Canada would move elsewhere in Canada.

Pixar’s sudden disappearance is not the only recent departure of businesses in Vancouver.

Last year, video game companies Rockstar and Radical Entertainment closed the doors to their Vancouver headquarters as well.

which Cohen would answer live on stage without reservation.

With no bounds, subjects ranging from “how to get out of the friend zone” to “his personal take on the taboo threesome” were addressed in front of the crowd, not only for the benefit of the anonymous advice-seeker but also for the rest of the audience.

Even though his humorous delivery clearly appealed to the crowd, when the laughter and jokes were stripped away, the difficulties that he addressed were clearly applicable to the students of various ages, relationship statuses, and sexualities that were in attendance. Relationships can be challenging regardless of one’s stage in life, and for college students trying to balance school work, jobs, friends, and extracurricular actives, relationships or casual encounters can become even more daunting, adding more weight to one’s “things to figure out and do” list.

However, Cohen is here to help, and not only with traditional relationships. From questions about dating to the one night stand, Cohen has answers in his books -- which are also offered online or in audio versions. You can become a “Naked Member” by joining an online community, which Cohen refers to as the “nicest community for college students” at nakedroomate.com, or, if you want to ask Cohen for advice directly, he will answer your questions at helpmeharan.com.

Finding a relationship in college while sober, clothed, and

2010 - 2013

Photo by Benjamin Hurst | The Bottom Line

Harlan Cohen speaks out about “Getting Naked” at Corwin Pavillion on Oct. 10, 2013. during daylight hours may seem like a myth, but according to this established author and advice columnist, it does not need to be as hard as it is often made out to be. With a few simple truths, you could be on your way to a healthy, happy college relationship. Or, if you’re in pursuit of causal hookup(s), a more educated one. All you need to do is strip down and “get naked” with Harlan Cohen.

Rest in peace, Vancouver branch.

by Julia Frazer

According to The Vancouver Sun, British Columbia Jobs Minister Shirley Bond said that although she was sad to see Pixar leave, its departure should not be taken as a reflection upon the entire industry. She told the Sun that Pixar’s decision was not linked to B.C.’s tax incentives for the film, video game, and television sectors.

Though a report in Variety suggested that Pixar was leaving because of cuts to these tax incentives, Bond said that “the province has made no cuts to tax credits.”

Pixar, the company that brought the world “Finding Nemo,” “Monsters Inc,” and “Wall-E,” was bought by Disney in 2006. The Vancouver

studio, which opened in 2010, worked on Pixar’s short films, which feature the beloved characters from its full-length films. According to Variety, these shorts often served as a proving ground for new directors and concepts for the studio.

In a decisive comment to The Vancouver Sun, Councilman Raymond Louie, chair of the Vancouver’s financial committee, did not express concerns about the loss. “Our efforts continue to attract incubator [and digital-based] businesses,” Louie said.

Vancouver still has a solid foothold in computer animation and effects, says an article from CBC News. Indeed, Sony’s Canadian animation studio played an important role in the recent animated film “Hotel Transylvania.” Indie startup Nitrogen Studios Canada is currently working on Seth Rogen’s and Evan Goldberg’s R-rated animated comedy “Sausage Party,” which is expected to be released in 2015.

Illustration by Amanda Excell | The Bottom Line

Danny Brown’s ‘Old’:

A Look to his Past, A Nod to the Future

by James Shevelin

Daniel Dewan Sewell, better known as Danny Brown, has created and maintained a unique style for the past six years in the game of alternative hip-hop. His path to fame started with the releases of “Detroit State of Mind” and his “Hot Soup” mixtapes, but when “XXX” dropped in 2011, it led to critical acclaim. His quick rise and progressive sounds have resulted in much anticipation for his next musical moves.

That anticipation was finally met with a wonderful third studio album that was released on Oct. 8, 2013. Danny Brown’s latest album, “Old,” is heavy, thought-provoking, and it serves as a throwback to his earlier sounds. He offers a new train of thought in the realm of hip-hop, taking listeners on a journey through the ghettos and into the future.

A kid from Detroit struggling to make ends meet, his earliest music was reminiscent of hardcore hip-hop, layering gangster rap over sample-heavy J Dilla type beats. As his life changed, his style evolved with him, and the title “Old” refers to the friends and family back home who knew Brown and the start of his career history.

For many, “XXX” was their first experience with Brown, and the results were polarizing. The heavily conceptual album reflected Brown’s desperation as he vividly questioned his lifestyle and career as a rapper, but “Old” is conceptual in a different direction.

In the theme of vinyl, the record splits into a Side A and a Side B. Side A addresses the original fans he had in his old school fashion, and lyrically, Side A is gangster and very much that “old” Danny Brown. “The Return,” featuring Freddie Gibbs, is one of the smoothest tracks on the album. Gibbs’ voice gels perfectly with the beat and feels the most “old school,” but the progressive and alternative instrument samples keep it sounding fresh. However, the instrumentals nod to the future, especially heard on “25 Bucks,” a track produced by Purity Ring.

“Dope Fiend Rental,” a heavy production by SKYWLKR, features Schoolboy Q and fulfills all the expectations that most people had for the album, although it’s only a short deviation from the theme of Side A. But as the nighttime stolen-car adventure of “Dope Fiend Rental”

ends, the latter half of Side A begins with “Torture.”

In “Torture,” Danny raps about how he isn’t happy with his life due to his childhood experiences in Detroit. The chorus comes in several times, where Danny raps, “Look in my mind and see the horrors / All the shit that I’ve seen / Nigga it’s torture.”

The next tracks, “Lonely,” “Clean Up,” and “Red 2 Go,” serve not only as an ending but also as a transition from Side A to Side B. Brown then asks if anyone is nervous or afraid for what’s to come.

Side B kicks off with “Dope Song,” where he explains that he’s done rapping about his times selling dope and selling drugs in general, but not done making dope songs.

The rawness of “XXX” does not really transfer to “Old,” but the clean trap productions make up for it. Brown clearly handpicked each beat for the album, and his polished efforts come through in every song, as seen on “Kush Coma,” (which now features A$AP Rocky, for those who were still trappin’ to the original release of the song). The insane, tense production by SKYWLKR takes this song to a new heights, so to speak, as Brown flaunts his drug intake. It can be seen as a hyphy sequel to “Blunt After Blunt” off of “XXX.” “Old” is lyrically one Brown’s strongest albums, as he has evolved noticeably in his poetry. He improves and experiments, as Brown’s use of multiple voice timbres has become more selective and satisfying.

The record comes to an end with “Float On,” in which Danny Brown ponders the future of hip-hop and any effects he might have on it. He truly considers himself a “hybrid” artist and not just another rapper. It’s blatant in his lyrics and his use of concepts to push the music from “just rap” (words over repetitive beats) to a vitalizing yet intoxicating experience. He wants to push the game forward, and prove himself as an artist, especially since “rap shit was sci-fi” in his neighborhoods growing up.

The last sobering lines he delivers on the album, “Pray I get old just to hear I been the future / Just to see my influence in this genre in music,” offer a rare peer into his soul. He often states in his interviews that he isn’t truly happy, and that no one really knows him, but it’s songs like “Float On” that give fans insight and a passionate love for his music.

Rating: 8

Photo Courtesy | Pretty Much Amazing

Of Montreal Reminds Us of What Music Was and Can Be with Their Latest Album ‘Lousy with Sylvianbriar’

by Coleman Gray Staff Writer Previously, the indie rock band Of Montreal has occupied a beloved place on the very fringes of its genre, oftentimes disobeying all of indie rock’s agreed-upon conventions, but it is this sentiment that separates of Montreal from every other band. With their latest twelfth studio album, “Lousy with Sylvianbriar,”of Montreal essentially redefines their sound and rejects the work of their own past, separating this album from all their others in a spectacular and surprisingly neat fashion.

To say of Montreal and songwriter Kevin Barnes have gone back to their roots is inaccurate, as their roots are hard to even pinpoint.

Of Montreal does, however, return to the roots of rock music with “Lousy with Sylvianbriar,” as it almost serves as an homage to all the disparate sounds that have come out of the ubiquitous and all-encompassing genre of rock.

4

The devotion to and respect for the medium is evident with songs like “Belle Glade Missionaries,” which evokes a post-Newport Bob Dylan; “Colossus,” a 1970s John Lennon-esque song; and “She Ain’t Speaking Now,” which recalls some of 1990s rock mainstay Pavement’s best work. But this album is not a mere sound-alike of what has been done before; it is totally unique in its approach.

Musically, this Of Montreal album is much more focused and tangible than their past works, and it features consistent and defined choruses, bridges, and riffs which serve to ground an album (and band) that could so easily float away. Kevin Barnes has stated that with this album, he “wanted the songs to be more lyric-driven, and for the instrumental arrangements to be understated and uncluttered.” With that in mind, he has created an exceptional modern album with a retro feel.

Although this album experiments with its

genre and approach, it is definitely still an Of Montreal album, for the lyrics are quintessential Kevin Barnes. Barnes somehow manages to write and operate in an ephemeral world full of confessional spoken word poetry (allusions nobody quite comprehends), such as his ravings of a tin foil hat wearing man on the sidewalk, but appreciating these lyrics has never been of much problem for the mercurial Barnes or his faithful listeners. While the lyrics are as long-winded and rambling as one would expect, these lyrics shine through more so than ever, as the words and music no longer fight for the attention of the listener’s ear.

This album may not feature the unearthly rambling cacophony of their past “Coquelicot Asleep in the Poppies” and does not exclusively utilize the 60s-inspired psychedelicism of “Adhils Aboreteum,” but “Lousy with Sylvianbriar” instead emphasizes a calmer, more subdued sound than anything the band

Photo Courtesy | stereogum.com

Rating: 8.1

has previously produced. For the fans of Of Montreal, “Lousy with Sylvianbriar” represents a dramatic change in style, but one that can be easily appreciated for all the same reasons that one previously liked the band, and for those with no past experience with Of Montreal, this album offers a great introduction into a truly polarizing and brilliant group of musicians.

Science & Tech

viiI The Bottom Line | Oct. 16 - Oct. 23

d l r o W

T

by Madison Donahue-Wolfe

he next generation of gaming consoles is fast approaching. Sony and Microsoft will each release their highly anticipated consoles, the Playstation 4 and the Xbox One, in November.

These two consoles will join Nintendo’s Wii U as what will most likely be the biggest products of this holiday season, and with every new generation of consoles comes the retail war. This is the eighth cycle, and it’s shaping up to be a brutal one. Fans and critics have been debating for months: which console will win in this upcoming generation?

This new generation brings much to the table, with processing power and memory storage that beats out their predecessors as much as 16 times over. Sony’s PS4 and Microsoft’s Xbox One will both feature 8-core CPUs (Central Processing Units), an upgrade from the Playstation 3 and Xbox 360’s 7-core and 3-core processors, respectively.

Since the CPU computes all of a game’s motion, enemy AI, and physics, this more powerful processor will allow for more NPCs (Non-Player Characters) to be on-screen at a given time. This in turn means more lively, populated game environments.

The GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) for each console will be greatly improved as well. The PS4 will run on an AMD Radeon Graphics Core, with a peak throughput of 1.84 TeraFLOPS (FLOPS are the standard measure of computer performance) per second, compared to the PS3’s peak of 1.80 TeraFLOPS per second. The Xbox One will also feature an AMD Radeon GPU; however, it will only operate at 1.31 TeraFLOPS. More powerful GPUs allow games to render faster and at higher resolutions, and it will be noticeable in things such as more realistic water ripples, reflections, and lighting effects. Higher resolution character models will make people in the game look near photorealistic,

with a greater level of detail added to their faces and clothes that would not be noticeable in this current generation.

Both consoles will feature memory storage systems that are up to 16 times more powerful than those of their predecessors. The PS4 and Xbox One will both feature 8GB of RAM, compared to the PS3 and Xbox 360’s memory of 256 MB and 512 MB, respectively. RAM (Random Access Memory) allows stored data to be accessed in any random order, while other forms of memory types, such as CDs and DVDs, can only access data in a predetermined order. Increased RAM allows games to run more smoothly, which in turn means less lag and frame rate drops.

Where does the Wii U fit into all of this? Released in November of 2012, Nintendo’s Wii U has since sold a low 3.61 million units. Compare this to the Wii, which has just edged over 100 million lifetime sales in seven years, outselling both the PS3 and the Xbox 360, which have sold about 77 million units each. It’s difficult to classify the Wii U as “next-gen” since it has one-fourth the RAM of the upcoming PS4 and Xbox One, a little over onefourth the processing power, and a little over half the graphical capability. In addition, the Wii U’s 8GB of storage doesn’t come close to the PS4 and Xbox One’s 500GB hard drives.

Along with a cheaper price point, however, the Wii U offers several features its competitors do not.

One of these features is backwards compatibility, which allows users to play Wii discs on the system.

The PS4 and Xbox One will not support PS3 and Xbox 360 discs, leaving their online marketplaces as the only option for playing past games. Additionally, access to online gameplay on the Wii U is free, while PS4 and Xbox One users need a paid subscription to either PS Plus or Xbox Live Gold.

The Playstation 4 hits shelves in North America on Nov. 15 and in Europe on Nov. 29 at a price point of $399.99. The Xbox One will be released worldwide in the middle of those two dates, on Nov. 22, for $499.99. The Wii U, meanwhile, sits below those two prices at $349.99. The console war is intense in every generation, and only time will tell which one will win the battle. Objectively, the PS4 seems to have the technical edge on this one, but it remains to be seen if developers will be able to harness all of its power. Stay tuned this holiday season to see which one comes out on top.

Illustration by Hector Livarraea | Staff Illustrator

PS4

Xbox One

8-core Central Processing Unit

8-core Central Processing Unit

AMD Radeon Graphics Core

AMD Radeon Graphics Core

MEMORY GPU CPU

The Technology of the 8th Console Generation

1.84 TeraFLOPS/second

1.31 TeraFLOPS/second

8 GB RAM 500GB Hard Drive

8 GB RAM 500GB Hard Drive

PRICE

War

$399.99

$499.99

Researchers Discover Way to ‘Turn Off’ Antibiotics Viruses have been adapting to treatments for years; new research is being done to make sure it never happens again.

by Cheyenne Ziermann A research team at Holland’s University of Groningen has come up with a way to turn off antibiotic agents after use, a discovery that could prevent the build-up of active antibiotics in the environment.

According to the BBC, researchers used heat and ultraviolet light to change the shape of antibiotic drugs once they had completed their medicinal function. By equipping the antibiotics with certain chemicals that react to light and heat, the drugs could actually be switched off after a few hours. Since atoms loosen and rotate when influenced by light, changing a drug’s shape makes it harder for it to fit back into the enzymes it had been binding to, so the antibiotic stops working because it can no longer reach its target.

This revolutionary discovery could mean a big advance in science and medicine. Recently, the dangers of an antibioticdependent society have been becoming clear, according to Mayo Clinic. Normally, antibiotics cannot stop working once their host

Illustration by Silvia Quach | Staff Illustrator

Antibiotics shall not pass: Researchers develop new antibiotics that “turn off” after taking effect. is healthy again; instead, they keep attacking bacterial cells, and even some healthy cells. Because the drugs keep working, pathogens and harmful bacteria can build up resistance over time, leaving scientists to create new strains of antibiotics.

As a result, bacteria may be getting stronger while our medicine gets weaker. According to Mayo Clinic, one major use of antibiotics is as prescription medication, which has only added to the problem. Sick patients often request or receive antibiotic medications for viral illnesses, although antibiotics only work on bacterial infections. Especially during the annual flu season, many patients use unnecessary antibiotics, which leads to their bodies building up more resistance against the drugs.

Nowadays antibiotics are more and more often viewed as mainstream medicines, even though they should only be used for serious infections. According to Mayo Clinic, our bodies may eventually be unable to fight off infections with the use of antibi-

otics because bacteria will have become resilient to every type of developed antibiotics.

This new discovery could radically change the way harmful bacteria react to antibiotics, because they would only have a few hours to develop resistance. This, in turn, could help prevent the development of an overall bacterial immunity to antibiotics, according to the BBC, as important drugs like all-purpose antibiotics that can treat multiple viral infections have a fast emergence of bacterial resistance.

Although the process of effectively turning off antibiotics is still underway, the researchers have made a significant discovery by finding a way to render antibiotics useless only by using ultraviolet light. According to the BBC, Ben L. Feringa, one of the researchers working on this project, is now working on developing antibiotics that change with visible or infrared light, which are less harmful when entering the body.

5

Science & Tech

Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger: The Evolution of Pro Football Training

by Coleman Gray STAFF WRITER Like many people, I spend my Sundays watching football…and my Saturdays, and my Mondays, and also my Thursdays too. And also, like everyone else who watches football, much of the time I am terribly disappointed with the players’ performances.

I can’t count how many times I have shouted “Oh come on! I could’ve made that throw!” or the even more egregious “How did you miss that tackle? My grandma could’ve made it, and she’s on her fourth hip!” But while belittling these human giants from the comfort and safety of my own couch may make me feel slightly better about my floundering fantasy teams and my shattered NFL dreams, I (let alone my grandmother) have no business being anywhere near a college or pro football field.

These players are bigger, stronger, and in better physical shape than any of us could ever possibly be, and while you might think going to the Rec Cen could be enough to prepare you, let me tell you: it cannot.

The physical prowess of college football and the NFL athletes has always been astounding, but in recent years those physical skills have been tuned finer than ever before. This is due to a few factors, including a greater understanding of the human body (specifically involving the formation of muscle), more sophisticated technologies, and more money to spend on strength and conditioning.

Modern collegiate strength training first began with priest Bernard Lange who oversaw the workouts of Knute Rockne’s storied Notre Dame teams of the 20s and 30s, but the so-called “Godfather” of strength training was Boyd Eppley whose work with the University of Nebraska in the 1970s paved the way for collegiate strength training. Before Eppley took over (and Nebraska football did as well), strength training was seen as a hindrance to athleticism, as former Notre Dame football coach Ara Parseghian put it, “The coaches felt that the muscles would contract, not expand. [The prevailing thought pattern was that] you didn’t want a running back — or any skill-position players for that matter — that was muscle-bound.” Now, for reason fairly obvious to anyone who has watched a football game, that is no longer the prevailing thought.

Football players are bigger and stronger than ever. According to research done by Grand Valley State, players across the board have gained weight over the past seventy years of football with “college interior linemen gained about 1 to 2 pounds per year over 60 years, and professional players gained up to 1.5 pounds per year over 7 decades.”

This statistic is staggering when you consider that even the average players now weigh in at roughly 100 pounds heavier than their grandfathers. And with the extra training comes added strength and increased agility due to the work done by their strength coaches.

All football teams, pro and college, have dedicated strength and conditioning coaches who work yearlong to get and keep their athletes in playing shape. Every NFL strength and conditioning specialist makes well over $200,000 a year and many collegiate coaches also pull in the same salary. These coaches also have nearly every resource at their disposal to turn men into better athletes, and as more research is done on how the human body operates, these coaches have even better techniques to increase development. Nearly all strength coaches now employ nutritionists to create a player-specific diet to aid in muscle development and increased endurance, and some coaches even use such space-age technologies such as data-transmitting pills to better understand how their athletes’ bodies work.

Fitness is a science, and the NFL and NCAA seem well aware of this fact. Players aren’t just let loose in the gym during training days and told to just figure it out themselves. There is a coordinated and innovative system of nutrition and targeted exercise that is more deliberate than one might think. So next time you yell at your favorite wide receiver for not making a one-handed diving catch in the middle of three defenders, just remember to keep the insults to a minimum. Chances are, you wouldn’t be able to do it any better.

BY THE NUMBERS:

40 50 40 30

6

NFL Strength and Conditioning coaches can make more than $200,000 per year

College interior linemen gained about 1 to 2 pounds per year over 60 years*

Professional players have gained up to 1.5 pounds per year over 7 decades*

* Source: Grand Valley State

The Bottom Line | Oct. 16 - Oct. 23

Beautiful Disaster: New Technology in Alfonso Cuarón’s

‘Gravity’

by Evelin Lopez

I

n order to capture a true space journey in the recent box-office hit “Gravity,” director Alfonso Cuarón and director of photography Emmanuel Lubezki set out to create a beautiful and captivating illustration of the final frontier. Little did they know that the process would take four years and involve the creation of several new filmmaking techniques and technologies.

With the film now gaining a good deal of popularity, let’s take a look at the magic behind “Gravity.”

One of the first major problems that Cuarón encountered involved lighting. In space, light comes from the sun and is reflected off of the Earth. This would not usually be difficult to emulate; however, throughout the film, the characters are constantly being thrashed around.

This created a problem for the visual effects crew, so Lubezki was forced to invent something that would be similar to the light the sun creates, called a “Light Box.” The Light Box was more than 20 feet tall and over 10 feet wide. Inside it contained 196 panels (each measuring about 2 feet by 2 feet) which each contained 4,096 LEDs that were manipulated by the visual effect technicians to create the right lighting as the characters inside moved around. Props and actors hanging on a 12-wire rig would be placed inside the Light Box to be filmed and moved around in sync with the lighting in order to create the desired effects With the new technology there also came difficulties.

Sandra Bullock would be completely isolated inside the Light Box for up to 10 hours a day due to the amount of time it took to repair technical malfunctions.

The only way Bullock would communicate with Cuarón was through a small headpiece that was hidden in her ear, and since she and George Clooney had difficulties seeing their sur-

roundings in the Light Box, they were fed directions on where to put their hands and where to reach.

Computer-generated imagery was also utilized heavily in the film. For example, Bullock had no costume; everything was created in the final editing process. Also, in order to film long takes, there were moments in which the editors utilized CGI to expand the illustration. At one moment, the frame would be out in space looking toward a small Bullock, then zooming in to see Bullock looking out of her helmet, and then going out again to see the shuttle. These types of shots would not be possible without some kind of postproduction process.

Another innovation in the film’s production was the use of robots to control the cameras, props, lighting, and sometimes even the actors to create the illusion of weightlessness. Cuarón tried different strategies to capture the illusion of floating in space but failed after they attempted to flip the actors and

Emmanuel Lubezki’s ‘Light Box’ Standing more than 20 feet tall and over 10 feet wide. inside it contained 196 panels (each measuring about 2 feet by 2 feet) which each contained 4,096 LEDs.

Photo Courtesy | eol.jpl.nasa.gov

OLE WANTS YOU! Like writing? Love photography?

Does AP Style get you hot and bothered? Maybe typography tickles your fancy. Then come check out our weekly staff meetings, Tuesdays at 7pm in the AS Annex building and show us what you got!

noticed strain that distracted them from acting. Cuarón decided they needed something else that would allow the actors to be maneuvered while also moving the camera in a choreographed sequence.

Visual effects consultant Chris Watts contacted San Francisco company Bot & Dolly, which reassigns robotic arms that were used originally for assembly lines in automobile factories. The robotic camera rigs were called IRIS, and they were used to hold the actors stationary and hold cameras. In order to be controlled manually, Autodesk Maya created animation software specifically for “Gravity” and a custom computer interface that allowed the previously animated shots to become possible through the physical camera movement. Each shot was specifically choreographed with the camera rigs to create the essential illusion of the actors’ being weightless in space.

The IRIS could move at 4 meters per second and stop with 0.08mm accuracy, which allowed detailed sequences used in the final cut of “Gravity” that could translate well in threedimensional film.

The unique special effects created by the combination of the Light Box, CGI, and the IRIS helped make Cuarón’s film a hit in the box office, and the realistic imagery of space enabled the viewer to be an active spectator in the film. If such complex special effects are now possible, what may come forth in the years to come?

With technology advancing at its rapid pace, future filmmakers may find ways not only to emulate Cuarón, but also to surpass him.

The Bottom Line | Oct. 16 - Oct. 23

Opinions

Student Athlete: An Oxymoron? using their experience at a university as a gateway into pro athletics, sports should not take priority over academics. Frank Deford, in an interview on NPR, states that many college athletes all over the country have been admitted into their universities with significantly lower credentials than the rest of their class. He goes on to argue that they are brought onto the school team with the primary goal of keeping them eligible, with much less real focus on keeping them educated.

D1 sports games bring our school a lot of money as well as a lot of school spirit. I mean, they have to be doing something right to earn a better pass time than a senior in the honors program, right?

Nevertheless, the amount of pressure to do well has created an unfair focus on maintaining eligibility rather than striving to excel in each and every class they take. In some extremely competitive atmospheres, the coaches and players have been so desperate to keep eligibility that they have committed academic fraud by cheating and altering grades in order to do so. Luckily, this is not the case at UCSB, but that doesn’t mean our athletes are under any less pressure to live up to higher standards than those who are exclusively students.

“

A person’s contribution to the school as a source of revenue and school spirit by being part of a sports team should absolutely never overrule that person’s academic contribution to the school as a student.

‘Let Her Grind Against You’

“

S

chool is back, and so are our favorite sports—soccer, volleyball, basketball, football (well, at least on TV there’s football…). We love dressing up in our school colors, watching some of the most athletic people in the school show everyone what they’re made of, and cheer those enthusiastic yet inappropriate cheers we at University of California, Santa Barbara do best.

These athletes spend hours upon hours practicing and playing to develop those skills and bodies we so admire from the bleachers. Some of our Division 1 players are even good enough to go into the professional leagues; however, even those who play simply for the love of the game are bound to a schedule that becomes overwhelmingly dominated by their sport. Student athletes are put under a combined pressure to do well in school and in sports, and with the cases of academic fraud found in places like UNC Chapel Hill, the question arises: is it possible to be successful as a student and as an athlete simultaneously?

The primary purpose of college is to enrich students’ minds with a form of higher education, usually in the pursuit of a degree. Therefore, unless these aspiring players plan on

by Jen Atkinson STAFF WRITER Unfortunately, accepting a position on the school’s D1 team is similar to putting both grades and study time in jeopardy. While some of us envy their athleticism and priority registration, student athletes are faced with decisions and consequences that aren’t really fair. Their coaches first give them the ultimatum: give priority to the practice and game schedule and remain eligible, or be cut from the team. However, they also face a sort of ultimatum from their classes: give priority to classes and getting good grades, or get cut from the major.

So we start to see the problem: when academics and athletics both demand so much, how can a person create a cohesive balance? The world of classes and the world of sports are two separate spheres, not realistically meant to collide. The closest thing to an overlap that exists is the student athlete, but even that’s forcing a seemingly impractical combination.

That’s the thing. It shouldn’t seem impractical to be able to balance a sport on the side of school. But herein lies the problem: their practice, traveling, and game schedules make it difficult to put schoolwork, studying, or consistent class attendance as a priority. Reducing their school load to the minimum amount of units each quar-

ter sometimes causes them to either fall behind in classes, stay in college an extra year, or choose a major with fewer requirements in order to finish in time.

Athletes should be able to acquire a Bachelor’s Degree or higher without sacrificing study time to their respective sports. But this problem comes back to the system, not the individual athlete or coach. Should athletics rule a university? No. Should an athlete have to sacrifice the sports they love in order to graduate with a respectable GPA? No. They shouldn’t have to aim for a career in pro athletics or give up either their social life or scholarly life to be part of a competitive sports team.

A person’s contribution to the school as a source of revenue and school spirit by being part of a sports team should absolutely never overrule that person’s academic contribution to the school as a student. But until this problem is fixed so that a student’s academic career is the one central focus of their experience at a university, the student athlete will continue this tug-of-war between the two worlds that perhaps shouldn’t collide in the first place.

So no, “student athlete” should not be an oxymoron. But until there’s a change in this system, it will be.

US Loses Sight of World from Shuttered Windows of Capitol

... And Other Sage Advice

by Alexandra Idzal

F

or those of you looking for a guide on how to treat women with respect, you probably should look beyond the email sent by one student at Georgia Tech. A few days ago, the website totalfratmove.com received multiple tip-offs about a reportedly “creepy” email sent by an active fraternity member to his chapter brothers. The email was sent for the purpose of teaching the recipients how to “mack and succeed at parties,” and provided pointed instructions on how to do so. The letter begins by threatening the reader with expulsion from the party if they are not having interactions with a female: “If you are talking to a brother of your pledge brothers when there are girls just standing around, YOU ARE OUTTA HERE!!!”

The emails starts to get really creepy at the end of the paragraph, when the speaker exclaims, “If [a girl] is hammered any time before midnight, just skip the chit chat and go dance!” Because clearly, you should have no interest in this girl beyond getting to rub up against her in a dark room, and learning about her as a person is only valuable if it gets you closer to having sex. But let’s cut this guy a break; drunk people can be kind of difficult to have conversations with, right?

Now here’s where things get more questionable, and far creepier. The writer broaches the subject of how one should dance: “Grab them on the hips with your 2 hands and then let them grind against your dick.” Yeah, “let,” implying that all girls want is to rub their butts against some sweaty guy they just met at a party. This is not to imply that women don’t like sex; however, making the assumption that any girl you are dancing with is just dying for a piece of your sweet lovin’ creates that danger of you forgetting that she might not want that.

What this line of the email is suggesting is that women have an insatiable appetite for frat boys, and that there are no exceptions. But the

email keeps getting worse: “Here is how to escalate: Try to twist her hips around to face you and dance front to front. … you can stick your hand up her shirt … you can go for a butt grab … , or use your imagination.” Are you kidding me? This guy is so presumptuous, he thinks that he can give consent on behalf of the girls his fraternity brothers are interested in. This is by far the most disturbing part of the email. This guy actually thinks he has the authority to grant his brothers access to a woman’s body.

The danger in this email lays not so much in the overt “rapeyness” but in the over-sexualization of women. In fact, the writer overtly states, in all capitals “NO RAPING.” However, despite this warning, the overwhelming message of this email is that women should be used for sex, and not much else. By emphasizing the importance of “escalating” (sexually), the writer is implying that the importance of a physical bond far exceeds the importance of an emotional one.

By removing the emotional connection, you run the risk of barring yourself from seeing the similarities between you and your partner, and recognizing your common humanity. Although the writer doesn’t realize it, he is encouraging his frat brothers to strip away their ability to empathize with the girls they meet.

While this is an extreme example of oversexualization of women, traces of this mindset have found their way into the party culture here at University of California, Santa Barbara. For example, some houses on Del Playa appoint guys to stand outside to keep males out so the guys inside will have a better chance of scoring. This kind of action on the part of our community sends the message that women exist for male sexual enjoyment, and only for that.

Instead of allowing our culture to focus in on sex, we should shift somewhat to establishing connections with our partners. Not romantic, necessarily, but enough to allow ourselves to recognize their humanity over the blasting lyrics of ”Blurred Lines.”

Illustration by Silvia Quach | Staff Illustrator

by Giuseppe Ricapito IV BEAT REPORTER While I pored through the morass of information regarding the government shutdown, “egg-on-the-face moment” was a frequent term used in reference to the United States.

But this pithy, understated idiom will follow alongside “oil on our minds” and “blood on our hands” as key moments in the American retrospective.

The government shutdown is now reaping international consequences as it draws into its third week, each day diminishing the credibility of U.S. solvency. World leaders outside the U.S. do not genuinely care about the reform of our systemic political stonewalling — they want the tangible benefit of results.

The international community perceives the U.S. in a state of flux — until normal affairs resume, America is a feral, back-alley mongrel, growling and frothing at the chain around our throats. The world acknowledges our presence, but it backs away slowly, arms up, blameless — we remain dark on the outskirts until an endgame is in sight. They want to kill the beast inside us, at least for a time being, just to get back to business as usual.

Washington is frozen in time. President Obama’s “Asian Pivot,” a new policy measure meant to increase trade and dialogue with the fastest growing regional economy in the world, will have limited international clout.

His absence from the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit (APEC) in Bali, Indonesia, was cause for concern; replacement delegate Secretary of State John Kerry merely provided a U.S. presence, albeit a presently unwelcome one.

Washington’s cornerstone plan, the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP), was constructed to gain unprecedented access to the goods and services of 12 Asian nations — excluding China. But the shutdown has collapsed Obama’s grand scheme for a renewed economic relationship with Asia, and China is stepping in to fill the void.

China’s President Xi Jinping, APEC’s keynote speaker, backed his commanding rhetoric with the power of direct capital investment. Building on the free trade partnership between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), China is expanding its sphere of influence. China committed to infrastructure and financial projects in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Java, as well as a “Maritime Silk Road” incentivizing investment and economic developments in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand. With China dramatically upstaging Obama’s foundering foreign policy

goals, the shutdown’s consequences may reverberate on the international stage for years to come.

Quartz also reported that Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong was one of the few Asian leaders to publicly comment on the shutdown. According to Quartz, Loong tersely stated, “Obviously we prefer a U.S. government that is working to one that is not.”

Russia has taken a tongue-in-cheek response to the United States’ situation, reminding the nation of its obligations to international stability, while at the same time suggesting its weakening credibility. President Vladimir Putin publicly expressed regret that he was unable to speak with Obama at APEC, citing the dire need to confer on Syria and Pacific trade.

Even the wavering economic health of the European Union has prompted concern in the U.S. government. The tenuous fiscal structure of Wall Street puts currency exchanges and foreign investment at risk — our country is at risk for default and national debt is mounting to near $17 billion. The bond market is registering this financial anxiety; on Oct. 8, worried investors forcefully tripled yields at an auction of four-week Treasury securities.

With the government working at partial capacity, many global business leaders are wary of an unpredictable hedge against a potential economic disaster.

National security is another foreign policy mandate implicated in the shutdown — according to a report by USA Today, even the Taliban are mocking the shutdown. Despite phrases such as “sucking the blood of their own people,” the Taliban commentary is eerily similar to a typical American opinion of the controversy — a result of “selfish and empty-minded American leaders.”

On the international stage, every American foreign office and diplomatic courier is dealing with the same question — when will it end? As lawmakers cling to their phones for fresh information, federal officials are drinking and pill-popping like mad, staving off violent attacks of panic. Though unassociated with the shutdown, American policymakers are feeling the weight of world leveraging against them.

The government shutdown of 2013 won’t be gone, even after it’s over. The domestic instability of the United States is a diplomatic pocket ace for our global competitors, and it’s clear that international disapproval won’t disappear even after order is restored. The Redemption Day of American politics will soon be at hand — whether it stems from home or abroad is a story for the future.

7

The Bottom Line | Oct. 16 - Oct. 23

Opinions

Even the Supreme Go Out of Style: The Political Ramifications of a Failure to Adapt

by Kelsey Knorp The history and development of the United States of America as a nation has been inarguably characterized by constant ideological evolution, the likes of which have had a pervasive and inescapable influence on any and all societal progress. This progress, however, consistently faces obstacles in the form of living, breathing institutional barriers such as, for instance, Senior Associate Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia.

While reading an interview with the justice, conducted by New York Magazine’s Jennifer Senior, I could not help but be struck by the degree to which Scalia’s ideas have remained stagnant, largely unaffected by the passing of time and impact of modernity. But after all, I thought, after 27 years the guy must be tired of trying to keep up.

This, then, begs the question: can fault be found in the constitutional provision that judges may serve lifelong terms, in Scalia’s belief system and the application of its principles, or in a combination of the two?

It seems to me that the last possibility is the most likely. Scalia is a strict adherent to the principles of originalism, which require that he interpret all legislation within the framework of the constitutional terms and intent originally put in place by the framers. His refusal to stray from this mindset is abundantly clear in his notoriously scathing statements of dissent in cases such as Atkins v. Virginia, when he declared that execution of the mentally retarded under the death penalty is not so “morally repugnant as to violate our national ‘standards of decency’” based on the belief that in 1791, such executions would not have been considered unconstitutional.

However, he does concede in his conversation with Senior that many of these laws qualify for a “stupid but constitutional” stamp and cites flogging, a form of whipping permitted by the framers as punishment for those convicted by court-marshal, as an example. Much like executions of the mentally handicapped, a group about which modern society as a whole is considerably more educated than were its ancestors, I feel it is safe to say that in most contemporary cases something as archaic as flogging would be reinterpreted and deemed “cruel and unusual” under the Eighth Amendment.

In addition to operating under the restrictions of such a limited viewpoint, there seems to be an alarmingly distinct possibility that Scalia has chosen to turn a selectively blind eye when it comes to press coverage of national issues. He skims the Wall Street Journal and Washington Times as his exclusive sources of print news, claiming that other publications are “shrilly liberal” and thus

not worth the read. In his words, “I read newspapers that I think are good newspapers, or if they’re not good, at least they don’t make me angry.” It seems fair to wonder, then, should the American people apply such a theory to Scalia’s consistently inflammatory court opinions, how many would actually be read.

The majority of the justice’s news, however, comes from the “talk guys” he listens to on his way to and from work. He particularly favors Bill Bennett, who, in Scalia’s eyes, “keep(s) off the stupid people.” Incompetent radio hosts aren’t the only thing Scalia makes a point to avoid; he frequently dodges the State of the Union address as well, citing it as “childish.”

This isolationist philosophy with regard to current events, paired with a distinct unwillingness to adopt a progressive view of the law, creates what appears to be the perfect recipe for an ideologically paralyzed society. As put by Dahlia Lithwick of Slate Magazine, “he seems a bit like a man living on a tiny remote island of the Supreme Court, and even on that tiny island, he’s forever more alone.

Thankfully, on many issues of vital societal importance, Scalia has represented the minority opinion. However, to consider the implications were this not the case is truly frightening and certainly raises concerns about the lifelong nature of the justices’ terms. In cases such as the recent decision to strike down Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act, for example, Scalia’s originalist standpoint led him to defend the section as “codify(ing) an aspect of marriage that had been unquestioned in our society for most of its existence — indeed, had been unquestioned in virtually all societies for virtually all of human history.”

Furthermore, Scalia notes in the interview that as senior associate justice, his job has become significantly easier because many of the cases he sees involve simply the question of extending an old opinion, most of which he “dissented from in the first place.” In this we see further evidence of the sort of redundancy that contributes to the stagnation of ideological progress.

The issue at hand with such an undoubtedly iconic figure in American government is not one of respect, of intelligence, or even necessarily validity of belief; it is one of relevance to modern American society. The United States of America always has been and always will be a constantly growing and changing nation, reshaping and adapting its founding principles to fit new circumstances. To have this adaptation hindered is an unfortunate plight that progress-minded citizens should not be forced to endure.

Photo Courtesy | Supreme Court US 2009

Photography

STAFF PHOTO GALLERY

Bottom left and top: Magali Gauthier, Photo Editor Bottom Right: Benjamin Hurst

8