118 l’ARCA International Magazine"Abedian School of Architecture"

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CASO STUDIO CAS D’ETUDE CASE STUDY

CRAB

Sir Peter Cook Gavin Robotham ABEDIAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE di /de /by

Joseph di Pasquale Pier Alessio Rizzardi

Primary team: Sir Peter Cook and Gavin Robotham, Mark Bagguley, Jenna Al-Ali, Ting-Na Chen, Lorene Faure, Yang Yu, Tim Culverhouse Project management: ADCO, Gold Coast Structural engineers: Arup, Brisbane Client: Bond University Location: Queensland, Australia Type: Educational Budget: $ 16,200,000 AUD Dimension: 2.500 m2 Status: Completed 2013



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interessante analizzare un’architettura di un artista e architetto maturo del calibro e dello spessore di Peter Cook. In particolare nel suo caso come in quello di tutti gli altri grandi architetti visionari e innovatori che nella loro giovinezza professionale ispirarono con i loro disegni intere generazioni di architetti, si nota come nella loro piĂš tarda fase creativa arrivino a un equilibrio magistrale tra il dominio della materia architettonica e un’immutata carica visionaria. La distribuzione degli spazi, le soluzioni architettoniche, i materiali e le scelte tecnologiche sembrano originate dall’ostinata volontĂ di reinterpretazione non convenzionale del programma. Sergei Eisenstein, il grande regista russo inventore delle tecniche di montaggio e scopritore dei fondamenti del OLQJXDJJLR FLQHPDWRJUDĂ€FR PRGHUQR GLFHYD FKH ´HYLWDUH il banaleâ€? sempre e comunque è la principale molla che spinge a cercare l’originale e l’innovazione della creativitĂ . /D SURJHWWD]LRQH GL TXHVW¡HGLĂ€FLR D XQ WHPSR FDOPR H VRUSUHQGHQWH DSSDUH DQLPDWD GDO SHUPDQHQWH ULĂ€XWR GL ogni convenzione e dalla volontĂ di ripensare e cambiare tutto quello che tradizionalmente si può riferire ad uno spazio dedicato all’istruzione, facendo quindi giocare alla stessa architettura un ruolo didattico fondamentale. Come sempre, tenteremo ora di analizzare questa architettura dal punto di vista delle sue concrete ragioni progettuali. Cook Robotham Architectural Bureau, o semplicemente CRAB Studio, si cimenta per la seconda volta nella FRVWUX]LRQH GL XQ HGLĂ€FLR XQLYHUVLWDULR &RPH OD IDFROWj di legge di Vienna, Abedian School of Architecture è una struttura intima e privata che si differenzia per la sua spiccata predilezione per forme plastiche. Lo spazio stimola gli incontri e situazioni, come descritto dagli architetti, ´LQDVSHWWDWHÂľ 3HWHU &RRN H LO VXR DVVRFLDWR 0DUN %DJJXOH\ studiano il progetto dal punto di vista psicologico: le piĂš importanti esperienze educative dell’universitĂ non avvengono durante il normale orario delle lezioni, in realtĂ ciò che forma uno studente sono gli incontri informali, gli scambi d’idee al di fuori delle aule e tutto quello che ruota attorno all’esperienza extra curricolare dell’educazione. Tenendo bene a mente questi concetti, Peter e Mark usano una strategia progettuale morbida per creare spazi informali H GL LQFRQWUR FKH FUHDQR XQ HGLĂ€FLR IUHVFR VSRQWDQHR FRORUDWR H DOWDPHQWH Ă HVVLELOH Nel 1980 Arata Isozaki progetta il Campus, dove si trova la FacoltĂ di Architettura di Abedian. L’area di progetto

si trova nella cittadina di Robina nel Queensland a 2 chilometri dalla spiaggia e nel mezzo di un sistema di laghi. L’area attorno è la tipica immagine dell’ambiente urbano Australiano: un orizzonte di villette con giardino che non raggiungono mai i due piani di altezza. L’area è a bassa densitĂ , il sistema di trasporto è su gomma e nell’area attorno non sono previsti spazi pubblici o semipubblici a parte l’universitĂ . Tutta la vita si svolge dentro le cellule abitative e per contrasto sugli ampi spazi delle spiagge della Gold Coast. L’Architettura in Australia si rapporta con un ambiente parzialmente consolidato, la tradizione architettonica è recente. Gli architetti che operano sul continente australiano interpretano le questioni del clima e possono sfruttare tutto quello che è sperimentazione e spontaneitĂ . Come si addice ad un clima caldo con intensi raggi del VROH LO WHWWR VL HVWHQGH GL PROWR DOO¡HVWHUQR GHOO¡HGLĂ€FLR FRQ una serie di ventagli posti nella facciata nord, piĂš esposta al sole, per evitare l’abbagliamento e il surriscaldamento interno ma senza omogeneizzare l’esperienza del visitatore all’interno. I pilastri che sorreggono il tetto non hanno solo una funzione strutturale ma sono stati disposti per ottenere la schermatura anche durante le ore del giorno quando i raggi sono piĂš bassi cosĂŹ da avere ampie facciate che comunicano visualmente con l’esterno anche in un clima a forte irraggiamento solare. $OO¡LQWHUQR O¡HGLĂ€FLR UDSSUHVHQWD OD YLWD SXEEOLFD GL aggregazione delle persone e di connessione tra gli spazi, è un lungo, arioso openspace su due-tre livelli articolati da una serie di strutture ricurve in cemento armato. Queste VWUXWWXUH GHWWH ´VFRRSÂľ GHĂ€QLVFRQR OR VSD]LR LQWHUQR creando dei contenitori per riunioni informali e angoli che creano incontri improvvisi. L’elemento ricurvo risolve molti aspetti spaziali e funzionali: sono parte principale della struttura e sono il sistema organizzativo e distributivo GHOOR VSD]LR LQWHUQR /¡HGLĂ€FLR q SHQVDWR FRPH XQD successione di elementi, spazi e meccanismi, che possono DVVROYHUH IXQ]LRQL GLYHUVH $O FRQWUDULR GL XQ HGLĂ€FLR YXRWR e anonimo con ripetizioni di spazi simili che potrebbero essere vissuti in modo irrilevante, gli architetti s’impegnano D FUHDUH XQ¡LGHQWLĂ€FD]LRQH SDUWLFRODUH GHOOR VSD]LR H D stimolare il visitatore a creare momenti d’incontro e DXPHQWDUH OH SRVVLELOLWj GL VLWXD]LRQL ´LPSURYYLVHÂľ Non ricercano il caos nĂŠ la complessitĂ , esiste invece una gerarchia e una logica spaziale ben strutturata ma questa logica viene appositamente rotta dagli elementi curvi per

creare episodi e situazioni. Sia Peter che Mark hanno maturato negli anni molte esperienze di insegnamento in diverse universitĂ tra cui la Bartlett, dove l’uno lavorava come professore e l’altro come Tutor, ma hanno avuto anche esperienze di insegnamento nella stessa Bond University di Brisbane dove il progetto è stato costruito. 3HU TXHVWR PRWLYR LO SHQVLHUR FKH VWD GLHWUR O¡HGLĂ€FLR q legato all’esperienza diretta di insegnamento e alla piena consapevolezza della possibilitĂ del cambiamento di uso GHOO¡HGLĂ€FLR &KLDUDPHQWH L FDPELDPHQWL GHOOD VRFLHWj contemporanea sono legati alle nuove questioni di tipo globale, ma a volte i generatori di un cambiamento sono fattori locali personali o di un piccolo gruppo di SHUVRQH LQĂ XHQ]DWH PDJDUL GD XQ PRGR GL LQVHJQDUH e di apprendere anticonvenzionale e che per assurdo ULĂ HWWD GL SL LO PRGR GL LPSDUDUH HG LQVHJQDUH GHOOD YLWD di tutti i giorni determinato da incontri ed esperienze dirette. Come Debord che contestava il miglioramento delle condizioni di vita attraverso il lavoro e professavano invece l’emancipazione dell’uomo attraverso il tempo OLEHUR FKH FUHDYD LQFRQWUL H ´VLWXD]LRQLÂľ FRVu VHPEUD FKH anche Peter Cook la pensi nello stesso modo creando una struttura che rende quasi impossibile un sistema educativo FRQYHQ]LRQDOH EDVDWR VX OXRJKL Ă€VVL H UHOD]LRQL VWDQGDUG WUD allievi e studenti. Gli architetti dello studio CRAB ricalcano lucidamente le limitazioni date dalla recente tradizione architettonica e sfrutta a pieno i punti di forza della progettazione in $XVWUDOLD *OL DUFKLWHWWL FUHDQR XQ HGLĂ€FLR JHQXLQDPHQWH Astraliano ma allo stesso tempo un concentrato di teorie e di sperimentazioni delle avanguardie architettoniche degli ultimi 50 anni in Europa di sostenibilitĂ ambientale degli ultimi anni venti anni ma con una volontĂ di cambiamento della societĂ che ricorda episodi situazionisti che forse ora si possono vedere realizzati con qualche revisione e correzione dovute ai tempi attuali.

I

l est intĂŠressant d’analyser l’architecture d’un artiste et architecte chevronnĂŠ du calibre et de l’envergure de Peter Cook. En particulier, en ce qui le concerne, comme pour tous les grands autres architectes visionnaires et novateurs qui dès le dĂŠbut de leur carrière ont inspirĂŠ des gĂŠnĂŠrations entières d’architectes, on constate qu’à un âge plus mĂťr de leur vite crĂŠative ils sont parvenus Ă un ĂŠquilibre magistral entre la maĂŽtrise de la matière architecturale et un ĂŠlan visionnaire intact. La distribution des espaces, les solutions

Rix Ryan Photography


l’AI 118 17


Peter Bennets


Cook Robotham Architectural Bureau, ou tout simplement CRAB Studio, se penche pour la seconde fois sur la construction d’un bâtiment universitaire. Tout comme la facultĂŠ de Droit de Vienne, l’Abedian School of Architecture est une structure intime et privĂŠe qui se dĂŠmarque par une forte prĂŠdilection pour les formes plastiques. L’espace stimule les rencontres et les situations ´LQDWWHQGXHVÂľ FRPPH O¡H[SOLTXHQW OHV DUFKLWHFWHV 3HWHU Cook et son associĂŠ Mark Bagguley examinent le projet du point de vue psychologique : les expĂŠriences pĂŠdagogiques les plus importantes de l’universitĂŠ n’ont pas lieu pendant les heures de cours; ce qui forme un ĂŠtudiant en rĂŠalitĂŠ, ce sont les rencontres informelles, les ĂŠchanges d’idĂŠes hors des salles de cours et tout ce qui a trait Ă l’expĂŠrience extra curriculaire de l’enseignement. En gardant bien ces concepts Ă l’esprit, Peter et Mark appliquent une stratĂŠgie conceptuelle douce pour crĂŠer des espaces de rĂŠunion informels qui donnent un bâtiment frais, spontanĂŠ, colorĂŠ HW KDXWHPHQW Ă H[LEOH En 1980, Arata Isozaki conçoit le Campus, oĂš se trouve la FacultĂŠ d’Architecture d’Abedian. Le site du projet se trouve dans la petite localitĂŠ de Robina dans le Queensland, Ă deux kilomètres de la plage et au milieu d’un système de lacs. Les alentours sont typiques de la banlieue australienne : un horizon de pavillons avec jardin qui n’arrivent jamais Ă la hauteur de deux ĂŠtages. La zone prĂŠsente une faible densitĂŠ, le système de transport est principalement routier et dans l’espace environnant, Ă part l’universitĂŠ, aucun espace vert public ou semi-public n’est prĂŠvu. Toute la vie se dĂŠroule dans les cellules d’habitation et par contraste, sur les vastes plages de la Gold Cost. L’architecture en Australie interagit avec un environnement partiellement consolidĂŠ, la tradition architecturale est rĂŠcente. Les architectes qui travaillent sur le continent australien interprètent les thèmes du climat, et peuvent EpQpĂ€FLHU GH WRXW FH TXL HVW H[SpULPHQWDWLRQ HW VSRQWDQpLWp Comme il convient Ă un climat chaud offrant un rayonnement solaire intense, le toit s’Êtend longuement Ă l’extĂŠrieur du bâtiment avec une sĂŠrie d’Êvents situĂŠs sur la façade nord, la plus exposĂŠe au soleil, pour ĂŠviter la surexposition Ă la lumière et la surchauffe Ă l’intĂŠrieur, mais sans harmoniser leur expĂŠrience et l’expĂŠrience du visiteur Ă l’intĂŠrieur. Les piliers qui soutiennent le toit n’ont pas seulement une fonction structurelle, mais ont ĂŠtĂŠ disposĂŠs de façon Ă servir ĂŠgalement d’Êcran pendant les heures GX MRXU TXDQG OHV UD\RQV GX VROHLO VRQW OH SOXV EDV DĂ€Q d’avoir des façades amples qui communiquent visuellement avec l’extĂŠrieur, mĂŞme avec un climat prĂŠsentant un tel rayonnement solaire. Ă€ l’intĂŠrieur, le bâtiment reprĂŠsente la vie publique, l’agrĂŠgation des personnes et la connexion entre les espaces ; c’est un grand open space, aĂŠrĂŠ, sur deux-trois niveaux articulĂŠs par une sĂŠrie de structures incurvĂŠes en EpWRQ DUPp &HV VWUXFWXUHV DSSHOpHV ´VFRRSÂľ GpOLPLWHQW l’espace intĂŠrieur en crĂŠant des volumes pour des rĂŠunions informelles et des coins qui produisent des rencontres improvisĂŠes. L’ÊlĂŠment incurvĂŠ rĂŠsout de nombreux aspects spatiaux et fonctionnels qui reprĂŠsentent une partie essentielle de la structure et du système d’organisation et de distribution de l’espace intĂŠrieur. Le bâtiment est conçu comme une sĂŠrie d’ÊlĂŠments, d’espaces et de mĂŠcanismes qui peuvent remplir plusieurs fonctions. Contrairement Ă un bâtiment vide et anonyme avec des successions d’espaces identiques qui pourraient rWUH YpFXV GH IDoRQ LQVLJQLĂ€DQWH OHV DUFKLWHFWHV V¡HPSORLHQW j FUpHU XQH LGHQWLĂ€FDWLRQ SDUWLFXOLqUH GH O¡HVSDFH HW j stimuler le visiteur Ă crĂŠer des moments de rencontre et Ă DXJPHQWHU OHV SUREDELOLWpV GH VLWXDWLRQV ´LPSURYLVpHV ´

Andy Wingate

architecturales, les matĂŠriaux et les choix technologiques semblent naĂŽtre d’une volontĂŠ obstinĂŠe Ă rĂŠinterprĂŠter le programme de façon non conventionnelle. Sergei Eisenstein, le grand metteur en scène russe, inventeur des techniques de montage et des fondements du langage FLQpPDWRJUDSKLTXH PRGHUQH GLVDLW TXH´pYLWHU OH EDQDOÂľ toujours et coĂťte que coĂťte, est le ressort principal qui pousse Ă rechercher l’originalitĂŠ et l’innovation crĂŠative. La conception de ce bâtiment Ă la fois paisible et surprenant semble animĂŠe par le refus systĂŠmatique de toute convention et par la volontĂŠ de repenser et de changer tout ce qui, par tradition, peut se rĂŠfĂŠrer Ă un espace dĂŠdiĂŠ Ă l’enseignement, en faisant jouer par consĂŠquent Ă l’architecture elle-mĂŞme, un rĂ´le didactique fondamental. Comme toujours, nous essaierons d’analyser cette architecture du point de vue de ses bases conceptuelles concrètes.


Peter Bennets

et de durabilitĂŠ environnementale de ces vingt dernières annĂŠes, mais avec une volontĂŠ de changement de la sociĂŠtĂŠ qui rappelle des ĂŠpisodes situationnistes que, peut-ĂŞtre, nous pouvons voir rĂŠalisĂŠs aujourd’hui, avec quelques rĂŠvisions et quelques corrections suggĂŠrĂŠes par l’Êpoque actuelle.

Ils ne recherchent pas le chaos ni la complexitĂŠ. Il existe en revanche une hiĂŠrarchie et une logique spatiale bien structurĂŠe, et cette logique est volontairement rompue par des ĂŠlĂŠments courbes pour crĂŠer des ĂŠpisodes et des situations. Peter et Mark ont accumulĂŠ de nombreuses H[SpULHQFHV G¡HQVHLJQHPHQW DX Ă€O GHV DQV GDQV SOXVLHXUV universitĂŠs, parmi lesquelles la Bartlett, oĂš l’un des deux travaillait comme professeur et l’autre comme Tutor, mais ils ont acquis aussi de l’expĂŠrience en matière d’enseignement au sein-mĂŞme de la Bond University de Brisbane oĂš le projet a ĂŠtĂŠ rĂŠalisĂŠ. Cela explique pourquoi OD UpĂ H[LRQ j OD EDVH GH FH EkWLPHQW HVW OLpH j O¡H[SpULHQFH directe de l’enseignement et de la conscience qu’il est possible de changer l’usage du bâtiment. De toute ĂŠvidence, les mutations de la sociĂŠtĂŠ contemporaine sont liĂŠes aux nouveaux problèmes d’ordre global, mais parfois les facteurs qui gĂŠnèrent un changement sont des facteurs locaux personnels ou ceux d’un petit groupe de personnes, SHXW rWUH LQĂ XHQFpHV SDU XQH PpWKRGH G¡HQVHLJQHPHQW HW d’apprentissage anti-conventionnelle qui, paradoxalement, UHĂ qWH GDYDQWDJH OD PDQLqUH G¡DSSUHQGUH HW G¡HQVHLJQHU GH la vie quotidienne, dĂŠterminĂŠe par des rencontres et des expĂŠriences directes. Comme Guy Debord, qui contestait l’amĂŠlioration des conditions de vie par le biais du travail et professait en revanche l’Êmancipation de l’homme Ă travers le temps libre qui crĂŠait des occasions de rencontres HW GHV ´VLWXDWLRQVÂľ LO VHPEOH TXH 3HWHU &RRN SDUWDJH OD mĂŞme conviction en crĂŠant une structure qui rend quasi impossible un système ĂŠducatif conventionnel basĂŠ sur GHV OLHX[ Ă€[HV HW GHV UHODWLRQV FODVVLTXHV HQWUH pOqYHV HW enseignants. Les architectes de CRAB Studio reprennent consciemment les limites imposĂŠes par la rĂŠcente tradition architecturale et tirent pleinement parti des points forts de la conception en Australie. Les architectes crĂŠent un bâtiment authentiquement australien, mais, en mĂŞme temps, un concentrĂŠ de thĂŠories et d’expĂŠriences des avant-gardes DUFKLWHFWXUHOOHV GH OD Ă€Q GHV DQQpHV FLQTXDQWH HQ (XURSH

I

t is interesting to study a work of architecture by a mature artist and architect of Peter Cook’s calibre and distinction. In his case in particular, just like all those other great visionary and innovative architects who, during their early careers, have inspired entire generations of architects through their designs, it can be seen that, during the later phase in their creativity, they eventually attain a kind of majestic balance between the dominion of architecture and their own unchanging visionary powers. The layout of spaces, architectural details, materials and technological features seem to derive from an obstinate desire to reinterpret projects in an unconventional way. 6HUJHL (LVHQVWHLQ WKH JUHDW 5XVVLDQ Ă€OP GLUHFWRU ZKR invented the technique of editing and discovered the EDVLF WHQHWV RI PRGHUQ Ă€OP ODQJXDJH XVHG WR VD\ ´DOZD\V avoiding the obviousâ€? is the biggest incentive in trying to come up with something new and creatively innovative. The design of this building, which is simultaneously calm and surprising, appears to be driven along by the apparent rejection of any kind of convention and a desire to rethink and alter everything traditionally related to an educational facility, allowing architecture itself to play a fundamental dialectic role. As always, we will now attempt to analyse this work of architecture from the viewpoint of its basic underlying design precepts. Cook Robotham Architectural Bureau or, more simply, CRAB Studio, is tackling the construction of a university building for the second time. Just like the Vienna Faculty of Law, Abedian School of Architecture is an intimate and private structure that stands out for its clear penchant for sculptural forms. The space actually encourages what the DUFKLWHFWV WKHPVHOYHV GHVFULEH DV ´XQH[SHFWHGÂľ HQFRXQWHUV and situations. Peter Cook and his associate Mark Bagguley have studied the project from a psychological viewpoint: the most important educational experiences at university do not happen during ordinary lecture times, what really educates students are those informal encounters, exchanges of ideas outside lecture halls and everything revolving

around extracurricular educational experience. Keeping these concepts clearly in mind, Peter and Mark have drawn RQ D ´VRIWÂľ GHVLJQ VWUDWHJ\ WR FUHDWH LQIRUPDO PHHWLQJ spaces resulting in the creation of a bright, spontaneous, FRORXUIXO DQG KLJKO\ Ă H[LEOH EXLOGLQJ ,Q $UDWD Isozaki designed the campus where the Abedian Faculty of Architecture is located. The project area is situated in the town of Robina in Queensland, two kilometres from the beach and right in the middle of a network of lakes. The surrounding area projects the typical image of an urban Australian environment: a horizon of small houses with their own garden that are never taller than two stories high. This is a low-density area and its transport system is road-based. There are no public or semi-public spaces in the surrounding area other than the University. The whole of life unfolds within these housing units or, in contrast, out in the vast open spaces of the Gold Coast beaches. Architecture in Australia interacts with a partially consolidated environment that only has a very recent architectural tradition. Working here in Australia on climate-related issues, the architects are free to take advantage of everything that is experimental and VSRQWDQHRXV $V LW LV RQO\ Ă€WWLQJ IRU D KRW FOLPDWH ZLWK powerful sunshine, the roof extends quite considerably outside the building through a series of fans placed in the north facade, which is most exposed to sunshine. This helps prevent any glinting and internal overheating with standardising the visitor’s living experience. The columns supporting the roof do not only serve a structural purpose, they are also arranged to create shading during the daytime when the sun’s rays are lowest, thereby creating large facades visually interacting with the outside, even in a climate with so much strong sunshine. On inside the building represents the public and communal life of people and interconnection between spaces. On inside the building represents people’s public and communal life and interconnection between spaces. It is a long and airy open space constructing over two-three levels set around a sequence of curved reinforced concrete VWUXFWXUHV 7KHVH VR FDOOHG ´VFRRSÂľ VWUXFWXUHV GHĂ€QH WKH interior space creating containers for informal meetings and angles resulting in sudden, unexpected encounters. The curvature solves several spatial and functional aspects: it forms part of the main structure and helps organise the layout the interior space. The building is designed like a sequence of features, spaces and devices that can serve various different functions. In contrast with an empty and anonymous building with reiterated spaces that are all similar and tend to be inhabited in a rather irrelevant way, the architects are here committed to creating a highly distinctive kind of space encouraging visitors to get involved in various different encounters and raising the FKDQFHV RI ´XQH[SHFWHG VLWXDWLRQV 7KH\ DUH QRW ORRNLQJ for either chaos or complexity: there is actually a careful


l’AI 118 21


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Rix Ryan Photography

hierarchy and very logical and carefully structured spatial layout, but this logic is deliberately broken down by the curved features to create episodes and situations. Both Peter and Mark have gained plenty of experience down the years teaching at various different universities, including Bartlett University, where one of them worked as a professor and the other as a tutor. They have even taught at Bond University itself in Brisbane, where the project has actually been constructed. For this reason the thinking behind the building is linked with direct experience of teaching and a complete awareness of the possibility of altering the building’s purpose. Changes in modern-day society are clear linked with global issues, but sometimes the generators of change are actually local, personal factors or issues related to a small group of SHRSOH SRVVLEO\ LQĂ XHQFHG by a nonconventional means of teaching and learning, which, ironically, is more representative of the way of learning and teaching in everyday life resulting from direct encounters and experiences. Just like Debord, who questioned the theory that work actually improved living conditions and called for man’s emancipation through leisure time, which created encounters and ´VLWXDWLRQVÂľ LW ZRXOG VHHP that Peter Cook holds the same view and has created a facility making it

almost impossible to have a conventional educational V\VWHP EDVHG RQ À[HG places and standard relations between students and staff. The architects from CRAB manage to compensate for the limitations deriving from a recent architectural tradition and fully exploit the strengths of Australian architectural design. They have created a genuinely Australian building, which, at the same time, is a blend of theories and experiments carried out by European avant-garde architectural movements over the last 50 years and environmental sustainability issues emerging over the last twenty years, while simultaneously striving to change society in a way that is reminiscent of certain situationalist designs that are now being constructed with the odd adjust here and there to accommodate the age in which we live.


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