2502230 HFD 1 overview by kulthida teachavorasinskun

บทที่ 1 Human Factors in Design

- นิยาม - ความเปนมา ของ Human Factors / Ergonomic - วัตั ถุประสงค - ขอบเขต

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

บทนํา เมือ่ จะทําการออกแบบใดๆเพือ่ การใชงานของมนุษย จําเปนตองคํานึงถึง human characteristics ความสะดวก จาเปนตองคานงถง ในการใชที่ตอบสนองจุุดมุุงหมายการใชงาน ความ ปลอดภัย ความสวยงาม รวมถึงความสัมพันธระหวาง มนุษยก ับผลิิตภััณฑนัน้ การคนควาวิจยั เกี่ยวกับ Human factorsไมวาจะเปนเรองของ การคนควาวจยเกยวกบ factorsไมวา จะเปนเรื่องของ มนุุษยกับผลิตภัณฑหรือสิ่งแวดลอม ลวนมีจุดประสงค หลักคือการออกแบบที่เหมาะสม 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

บทนํา(ตอ) ในยุคแรกการศึกษามุง เนนความตองการจาก PRODUCTION เปนหลก เปนหลัก คอ คือ เนนประสทธภาพการผลต เนนประสิทธิภาพการผลิต / ผลงาน / ผลผลิต ‘productivity oriented’ ยุคตอมา การออกแบบอุตสาหกรรม จะพิจารณา ประสิทธิภาพการผลิต หรือ ประโยชนใชงาน function ควบคูกันไปกั ไป ับ feature f t ซึึ่งเปลี ป ยี่ นไปตามผู ไป บริิโภค ‘consumer consumer-- user oriented oriented’ 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

บทนํา(ตอ) ดัังนั้ัน นัักออกแบบจําํ เปปนตองศึกึ ษา ความสัมพันธระหวาง ผูผใชช และ ผลตภณฑ ความสมพนธระหวาง ผลิตภัณฑ โดยม โดยมี - หลักเกณฑพิจารณาน้ําหนักความสําคัญ - สามารถเลือกใชขอมูลไดอยางถูกตอง - พิจารณาทั้ง designer-consumer-producer

interaction

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

นิยาม

E Ergonomics i ( Europe)) ERGOS = WORK NOMOS = LAW Human Factors ( US, Canada, Japan): the application of the information

to the design of things Human Engineering ( US Military) Engineering Psychology ( US): the human capabilities and limitations 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

TERMINOLOGY

ERGONOMIC (1) : the th technology t h l off workk ddesign i based b d on the th human biological science; anatomy, physiology, and psychology â&#x20AC;&#x153;an interdisciplinary science which studies the relationships between people and their environments 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

TERMINOLOGY

ERGONOMIC (2) : the study of the problems of people in adjusting to their environment, the science that seeks to adapt work or working conditions to suit worker / user

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

นิยาม (ตอ)

Whatt isi HUMAN FACTORS Wh “ An interdisciplinary science which studies the relationships between people and their environments based on 4 factors; 1.Morphological factor ปจจัยดานรูปทรงโครงสราง 2 Kinesiological factor ปจจยดานการเคลอนไหว 2.Kinesiological ปจจัยดานการเคลื่อนไหว 3. Physiological factor ปจจัยดานกายภาพ 4. Psychological factor ปจจัยดานจิตวิทยา

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

What is Human Factors

( 4 factors)

1. MORPHOLOGICAL FACTORS : branch of biology dealing with form and structure 2. KINESIOLOGICAL FACTORS :

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

What is Human Factors

3. PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS : the science of the normal functions of living things 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS :

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

TERMINOLOGY

KINESIOLOGY : the science or study of human muscular movements METROLOGY : the science of weights g and measures

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

ความเปนมา(1) Early History _____Ergonomics Greek Educator : Wojcieh Jastrzebowski (1799-1882) Industrial Revolution: healthful, safe, comfortable working conditon (late1800s - early 1900s) Early 1900s______Human 1900s Human Factors Scientific Management >>> Industrial Engineering (Frederic Winslow Taylor,1898) M ti St Motion Study, d Shop Sh Management M t>>>Human H FFactors t ( Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lilian Gilbreth,, 1909)) 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

Scientific Management >>> Industrial Engineering

Frederic Winslow Taylor

Typing pool 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

Scientific Management >>> Industrial Engineering

Motion study

Economical hand-finger movement by motion study

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

ความเปนมา(2) World War II: - the tests for selectingg the pproper p pperson for jobs j - the development of improved training procedures >>> fitting the person to the job >>> fittingg the equipment q p to the person p

E i Equipment t Person

Job

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

ความเปนมา(3)

19 - 1960: 1945 1960 the end off WWII 1945 19 The Birth of a professional - engineering psychology laboratories (US Army Air Corp > US Air Force)

1949 : 1957: 1959 1959:

- first civilian company Ergonomic Society (UK) The Human Factors Society (US) SPUTNIK (Russia) th IInternational the t ti l Ergonomics E i Association A i ti 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

ความเปนมา(4) 1960-1980: A Period of Rapid Growth before: HF in US >>> military - industrial after: HF in US >>> space p program p g *** the incident at Three-Mile Island Nuclear Power Station 1980 and beyond: - computer revolution: - ergonomic design equipment - user friendly software - human factors design approach 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

ความเปนมา(5) Early 1980s: - HF review to identify and correct design deficiencies of all the nuclear power control room - forensics / product liability litigations - HF expert witness: 1 อธิบาย human behavior-expectation 1.อธบาย behavior expectation 2.กําหนด issues of defective design g 3.ประเมิน the effectiveness of warnings and instruction 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

Schematic of the nuclear ppower pplan at Three Mile Island 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

Nuclear plant

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

ความเปนมา(6) In the future: Beyond the issues of; Tangible criteria: - productivity - Safety Intangible criteria: - satisfaction - Happiness The increased rate of technological development 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

ความเปนมา(7)

HF considerations EARLY in the design&development phase ‘ Functional effectiveness / human welfare’

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

Focus of HF

1 Human beings and their interactions with 1. ith pproducts,, equipment, q p , facilities,, procedures, p , and environments used in work and everyday living 2. The emphasis is on human beings and

How the design of things influence people

3. Change the things people use and the environments in which they use these things to

BBetter matchh the h capabilities, bili i limitations, li i i and needs of people 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF: scope (1)

C i t of:f - Psychology Consists P hl - Physiology - Biomechanics - Anthropology Aims: - designing for the human use - optimizing working and living conditions 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF: scope (2)

Objectives: 1 To enhance the effectiveness and 1. efficiency with which work and other activities are carried out, increased convenience of use, reduce errors, errors and increased productivity 2. To enhance certain desirable human values, including improved society, reduced fatigue and stress, stress increased comfort, comfort greater user acceptance, increased job satisfaction, and improved quality of life 29 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF: scope (3) ในการออกแบบ ไม ไ ยากที่จะทําใหงานบรรลุ วัตถประสงค วตถุ ประสงคเบองตน เบื้องตน เนองจาก เนื่องจาก มลาดบ มีลําดับ ความสําคัญในการพิจารณา และ วัตถุุประสงค สวนใหญมกั จะเชื่อมโยงกัน เชน การออกแบบอุปกรณทํางานให ใ  ปลอดภัย และใชงาย ปลอดภย และใชงาย จะสงผลใหเกด จะสงผลใหเกิด ความลา ความลา (fatigue)จากการใชงานนอยลง จึงชวยเพิ่มความ พอใจของผูบริโภค 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF: scope (4)

“Human FFactors “H t di discovers andd applies li information about human behavior, behavior abilities, limitation, and other characteristics to the design g of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environment for productive, safe, comfortable, and effective human use.” ( Chapanis, 1985)

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF Approach (1)

1. Systematic application of relevant information about human capabilities, limitations, characteristics, behavior, and motivation to the design of things and procedures people use and the environments in which they use them 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF Approach (2)

22. Scientific investigation to discover relevant information about human and their responses p to things, g , environment,, etc. This information serves as the basis for making design recommendations and predicting the probable effects of various design alternatives. lt ti

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF Approach (3)

3. Evaluation of the design of products to ensure that they satisfied their intended objectives

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF profession characteristics (1):

1.commitment to the idea that

things, machine, system, etc. are built to serve human b i and must be designed beings always with the user in mind

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF profession characteristics (2):

2.recognition of individual differences in human capabilities andd lilimitations, it ti andd an appreciation of their design implications 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF profession characteristics (3):

3.conviction that the design of things, procedures etc. procedures, etc influence human behavior and well-being well being 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF profession characteristics (4):

4.emphasis on empirical data and evaluation in the design process

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF profession characteristics (5):

5.reliance on the scientific method and the use of objective data to test the hypotheses and generate basic data about human behavior

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

HF profession characteristics (6):

6.commitment to a systems orientation and a recognition that things, pprocedures, environments, and people p p do not exist in isolation 2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY

NOT 1 Just applying checklists and 1.

Human Factors is

guidelines 2 Using oneself as the model for 2.Using designing g g things g (- the individual differences, - the unique characteristics of user populations) l ti ) 3 COMMON SENSE 3.

2502-230 Human Factors and Design: kulthida teachavorasinskun department of industrial design, faculty of architecture, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY