Thinking Creatively Series: Book 2

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r o e t s Bo r e pFor ages 8-10 years ok u S

A course in creative and applied thinking skills.

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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o c . che e r o t r s super Written by David Stephenson. Illustrated by Rod Jefferson. Published by Ready-Ed Publications (1996). Revised 2007. 11/17 Foley St, Balcatta, Perth, Australia, 6021

COPYRIGHT NOTICE Permission is granted for the purchaser to photocopy sufficient copies for non-commercial educational purposes. However, this permission is not transferable and applies only to the purchasing individual or institution.

ISBN 1 86397 706 6


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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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Contents

Introduction: Creative Thinking What are the skills that foster thinking? The Program Classroom climate and teacher attitude

Skill Area

...................................... 4 ...................................... 5 ...................................... 6 ...................................... 7

Fluency

r o e t s Bo r e p ok Skill Areau Flexibility S Skill Area

Skill Area

Teachers’ Notes ................................. 11 Photocopy Activity Cards .......... 12 - 13

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Teachers’ Notes ................................... 8 Photocopy Activity Cards ............ 9 - 10

Originality

Teachers’ Notes ................................. 14 Photocopy Activity Cards .......... 15 - 16

Elaboration

Teachers’ Notes ................................. 17 Photocopy Activity Cards .......... 18 - 19

© Rea dyEdPubl i cat i ons Curiosity Teachers’ Notes ................................. 20 •f orr evi ew pu r p o s e s o n l y • Photocopy Activity Cards .......... 21 - 22 Skill Area

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Skill Area

. t e Skill Area

Complexity Teachers’ Notes ................................. 23 Photocopy Activity Cards .......... 24 - 25

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Skill Area

Risk Taking

Teachers’ Notes ................................. 26 Photocopy Activity Cards .......... 27 - 28

o c . che Teachers’ Notes ................................. 29 e r oCards .......... 30 - 31 Photocopy Activity t r s sup er Imagination

Applied Thinking Activities

Space and Aliens Teachers' Notes ........................... 32-33 Photocopy Activity Pages ............. 34-41

Create Your Own Challenges

.................................... 42

A set of “Task Starters” to initiate ideas

.................................... 43

Record Page

.................................... 44 3


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Teachers’ Notes

Introduction: Creative Thinking

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This activity book has been designed to allow and encourage teachers to become totally involved with the teaching of creative thinking skills. The book was developed to complement our highly popular “Creative Challenges”, a publication providing innovative applications of these skills. While there is no one accepted way of teaching “thinking”, we feel that in being provided with an organised and developmental outline of some of the sub-skills, teachers may more readily internalize these skills, allowing a smoother approach to teaching thinking within the classroom.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons What is “creative thinking”? •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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While most experts can never agree on a definition, they do agree that “thinking” has a series of sub-skills. For the purpose of teaching them each of these skills can be treated in isolation.

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However, it is the combination and application of several sub-skills simultaneously that leads to a higher plateau of thinking. It is the continual practise of these skills that leads to a student being more productive and creative in his or her thinking.

. tof creative thinking can best be described as “appliedo Our definitione problem c a multitude solving”. As students develop their thinking skills they begin to provide . c e of answers and solutionsh to any given problem. As they progress through the r e o t r course as set down in this book their answers should develop to a level where s s r u e p they become more divergent, complex and original.

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Teachers’ Notes

What are the skills that foster thinking?

r o e t s B r e Creative Thinking ... The o Program p ok u S

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This activity book follows the basic principles of lateral thinking educators and writers, Edward de Bono and Joan Dalton, in concentrating on eight processes or skills which foster an increased ability to think creatively and divergently.

In practice these are not encountered as segregated and easily identifiable processes but for the purposes of teaching the skills it is useful to isolate them and identify them as related to either the COGNITIVE (thinking) or AFFECTIVE (feeling) areas.

Cognitive Abilities © Ready EdPubl i cat i ons Fluency - Related to the generating of a quantity of ideas on the premise that the more ideas generated, theu greater thes likelihood ofn originality. •f o rr ev i ew p r po eso l y• Flexibility - Examining a problem from different perspectives; seeking variety in responses.

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Originality - Coming up with new or unique solutions to given problems or questions; putting two known ideas together to make a third original one. Elaboration - Adding to what is already apparent to make an idea more interesting or exciting; seeing relationships to the given idea.

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o c . ch Curiosity - Using inquisitiveness and wondering to seek solutions on the e r eHow? basis of a Who? What? Why? approach. t o r s s r u e p Complexity - Looking for different and sometimes difficult alternatives to Affective Abilities

what is provided. Risk Taking - Accepting that there may be more than one correct answer and that to be mistaken is not necessarily a sign of failure; exposing oneself to possible criticism. Imagination - Projecting the mind towards how others may be feeling, or to another place or time; thinking about things beyond real boundaries. 5


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Teachers’ Notes

The Program r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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The program has been designed to treat each of the skills separately. However, as each skill builds upon another it often is impossible to design activities where skills don’t overlap. Despite this there is still an emphasis on the skill presented in the practice examples.

Further activities are presented under “Applied Thinking Activities” where many sub-skills are required in combination to achieve the best results.

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The use of these activities in the classroom could be through a daily “Think About It” session. It is advised that initially whole class or small group format is most suitable to introduce and practise the skills. Tasks from the “Applied Thinking Activities” section could be carded and students allowed to self select. However, students may need to become more acquainted with the skills before attempting activities like “Curiosity”.

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Teachers’ Notes

Classroom climate and teacher attitude

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A large component of the success of implementing such a thinking program is the teacher’s response to pupils’ thinking. The teacher’s attitude, personal philosophy and teaching methodology must be totally conducive to allowing a “free range” approach to thinking. Educators should consider the following classroom conditions conducive to encouraging creative thinking processes.

Think Time

Self Selection

While all learning and education should be about thinking, it can still be highlighted and formalized into a “use your brain” opportunity session for all.

Once the program has commenced allow latitude for student self selection. Too often we, as teachers, pre-select what all students can and cannot do, i.e. don’t pre-set the limits.

participants to do the same. Accept and respect all opinions and thoughts.

every person’s initial contribution. Highlight unusual, innovative and creative ideas.

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Cagey Questioning

Become skilled in being a catalyst, prompting the continuation of exploring unusual and obscure ideas.

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© eadyEdPubAcknowledgment l i cat i ons NonR Valuing f o rr e i ewall puAtr pearly os es on l y • Be open• in your attitude andv encourage the stage of each lesson encourage Evaluation

All evaluation should be informal. Before and after activity comparisons provide ample evidence of skill acquisitions.

o c . Enjoy using e your own mind che Challenge r o activities. They with these t r s supe r provide a different insight into

Provide mental challenges that are different. Non-curriculum challenges are great as starters as students are not locked into preconceived ideas about their possibility of success. (E.g. This is maths, therefore I won’t succeed. I’m hopeless at maths.) Rarely provide answers – only clues to the solutions.

both yours and your students’ thought patterns. The course should not be rushed through but expanded, with 6 to 8 weeks being considered a minimum time frame. 7


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Teachers’ Notes

Fluency

Skill Area

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Fluency

Quantity of ideas

Fluency involves the generation of as many ideas as possible for a given problem or topic. These can be real or imagined, serious or fun.

Teaching Tips © Ready EdP ubl i cat i ons This introductory skill is best done with whole group or small • f o rr ev i e w pur posesonl y• group interaction and brainstorming. It is important for participants to be able to verbalize answers while generating lists.

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Encourage the concept, “If you think it, say it”.

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Verbalization creates a leapfrog approach as it triggers others’ thoughts. These may be at a tangent but can be still regarded as “thinking”.

o c . che e Encourage diversity of thought and response. Provide prompting, r o t but avoid leading towards acceptable or desired solutions. r s super Set time limits only to increase the challenge. Extend these Resist the temptation to become judgemental. Stilted body language and adverse comments quickly stifle creative thinking.

whenever possible to allow time for the more bizarre and divergent thoughts to emerge.

The following pages provide some practice examples of this skill. 8


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Fluency

Problem

8

List all the things you could go around.

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

_________________________________________________________

Teac he r

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

Score one point for each different idea.

Score: _____

ew i ev Pr

_________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Problem Fluency

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8

w ww

_________________________________________________________

. te

_________________________________________________________

m . u

List all the things that could be found in holes.

o c . che e r o t r s super

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

Score one point for each different idea. Score: _____ 9


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Fluency

Problem

10

Tell all the ways you can show your feelings.

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

_________________________________________________________

Teac he r

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

Score one point for each different idea.

Score: _____

ew i ev Pr

_________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •Fluency f orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• Problem

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w ww

_________________________________________________________

. te

_________________________________________________________

o c . che e r o t r s super

_________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

Score one point for each different idea. 10

15

m . u

List all the things that can wear out. Order them from fast wearing to slow wearing.

Score: _____


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Teachers’ Notes

Skill Area

or eBo t ok

s r bilite py

u S

Variety of ideas

This skill is an extension of the fluency skill.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Flexi

Flexibility

It allows and encourages students to think at a tangent by finding alternatives and exploring extensions of their ideas.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons It requires students to be challenged beyond their comfort zone of “normal accepted responses”. • f or r ev i ew pur posesonl y• Teaching Tips

m . u

w ww

As with the skill of fluency, brainstorming and listing provide the greatest chance of encouraging flexible thinking. Provide longer time limits to allow flexibility of thought and expression to develop.

. te

o c . ch e Play the catalyst role – provide associative questions to keep the r e o thinking progressing. r st super

If long periods of silence occur don’t be tempted to provide leading hints. Gestation time is required.

The following pages provide some practice examples of this skill.

11


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Flexibility

Problem

15

Compare each member of your family to a fruit salad. List the fruits that match each person.

Fruit

Similarities

Differences

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

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Names

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• Problem Flexibility

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m . u

Why do we need schools?


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Flexibility

Problem

12

What if it were always night?

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •Flexibility f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Problem

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12

m . u

When it is a good idea not to tell what you know? Explain.

o c . che e r o t r s super

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13


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Teachers’ Notes

Skill Area

Originality

u S

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New ideas

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r o e t y s t i l Bo r a n i g Oripe o

Students are often hampered by feeling that they cannot possibly generate an original thought. This is particularly true with creative expression where the students may announce, “I can’t think of anything!”

With the continual exposure to TV, films, radio and books it is sometimes difficult for students to show true originality. To the individual, however, all ideas still seem original – the skill can only be developed with positive teacher responses to ideas, however stale they may seem.

Introduce this skill via these two simple, yet effective, activities. Enjoy them and their results.

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi e w pur posesonl y• Teaching Tips Activity 2

Instructions “Sit quietly, close your eyes and stop thinking. Don’t think about anything for two minutes.” At the end of the time selected, discuss what happened. Were students able to ‘stop’ thinking? Allow them to describe what happened in their minds. What pictures were created? Why couldn’t they stop thinking? The thoughts they were generating were probably all similar. However everyone’s could be regarded as original.

Instructions Make your instructions clear. “Sit quietly, close your eyes and for 2 minutes think of nothing other than Cinderella - only Cinderella.”

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Activity 1

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Again after the prescribed time, discuss what happened. Most students wouldn’t have been able to hold their mind on a single idea for this period of time. Did they think about the Prince, shoe, pumpkin, etc.? These weren’t asked for. This activity should prove to students that their mind has a “mind of its own”. The activity makes them start thinking about “thinking”.

(N.B. The two activities shouldn’t be tried too often as they lose their impact.) 14


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Originality

Problem

Use these four things to create a new game. Explain the rules and how it’s played. •rubber bands

15

•mousetrap

•table tennis balls

Teac he r

•pencils

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

______________________________________________________________________________

ew i ev Pr

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •Originality f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Problem

______________________________________________________________________________

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10

w ww

_________________________________________________________

. te

_________________________________________________________

m . u

Invent a new communication machine.

o c . che e r o t r s super

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

15


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Originality

Problem

10

Create new uses for wire coathangers.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok Draw and explain your best idea. u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

______________________________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• Problem Originality

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15

w ww

. te

16

m . u

Plan, sketch and label a bedroom of the future.

o c . che e r o t r s super


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Teachers’ Notes

Elaboration

Skill Area

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Adding to ideas

The skill of elaboration is hard to define as it is often incorporated during flexibility activities.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Elaboration

If practised it results in the exploration of possibilities well beyond conventional and accepted thoughts.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons This is the skill of inventors who successfully combine attributes of various tov overcome problems, inventing • f oobjects rr e i ew current pur pose sonew nl y• Teaching Tips

w ww

m . u

solutions and products on the way.

This skill can best be described as the “What if ...?” continuum.

When students are comfortable with a solution to a problem, challenge their thinking with a “what if” clause.

. te e.g. “What if your nose was on your knee?” o c This approach creates problems and obstacles requiring . more c e elaborate thought previously. hthan r e o t r s by the teacher The “what if” hurdle can s beu continually presented per and is only limited by your ability to elaborate.

The following pages provide some practice examples of this skill.

17


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Elaboration

Problem

15

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Explain how it’s useful.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Change this into something useful.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• Problem Elaboration

______________________________________________________________________________

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10

w ww

m . u

Redesign a safety helmet to also ...

______________________________________________________________________________

. te

o c . che e r o Draw it here. t r s super

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

18


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Elaborationn

Problem

15

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Modify a shopping trolley to help around the house.

______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Problem Elaboration

______________________________________________________

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w ww

____________________________________________

. te

20

m . u

How could you change a birdcage to suit birds, cats and dogs, living all together? Describe it. Draw it.

o c . che e r o t r s super

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

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Teachers’ Notes

y

Skill Area

Curiosity

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Wondering about ideas

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

C

t i s o uri

The skill of curiosity, or the ‘feeling’ skill, is best handled in a small group situation. It involves all the previous skills. Fluency - The more ideas you have the more likely many are of value. Flexibility - Thinking about the impossible can often create the possible. Originality - What improvements can be added? Will it work? Elaboration - Is there an unusual solution?

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi e w pur posesonl y• Teaching Tips

The skill encourages children to inquisitively go beyond the accepted and seek out more information.

The classroom climate (Page 6) should be totally conducive to students openly discussing “feelings” without fear of reprisal or ridicule.

. te

Activity Show a picture of a person crying; initiate discussion around these points:

m . u

w ww

Just as students have developed due to their experiencing increasingly complex thinking skills, the teacher’s role has also continually evolved.

What could have caused this person to cry? What could happen to change this? What would happen if they continued to cry? What makes you cry? When did you cry last? Can you ever cry from being happy? Why could this be? (e.g. Finding a lost brother.) Is there a pattern to what makes you cry?

o c . e Teachers may wish to c share their own hmodel, r o feelings and become the rolee t r s super thereby encouraging discussion.

This activity should have no time limits, allowing the students to continually refer back if and when they have the desire. Thinking and talking about feelings As with most “feelings” activities debrief the requires time for students to correctly students with a “what makes you laugh/ formulate what they want to express. happy” discussion.

20


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Curiosity

Problem

What if all humans lost their sense of hearing? Describe all the changes.

20

_________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

_________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •Curiosity f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Problem

_________________________________________________

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15

w ww

_________________________________________________________

. te

_________________________________________________________

m . u

What if money no longer had any value?

o c . che e r o t r s super

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

21


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Curiosity

Problem

12

Why do you think elephants are large and grey?

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

________________________________________________________

Teac he r

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

ew i ev Pr

________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• Problem Curiosity

________________________________________________________

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20

w ww

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. te

________________________________________________________

m . u

What will the world be like in the year 2100?

o c . che e r o t Describe five things you would do on an r s s r u e p average day in 2100.

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________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 22


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Complex

ity

Teachers’ Notes

Skill Area

Complexity

r o e t s B r e oo Generating alternative ideas p u k S

Teac he r

ew i ev Pr

With this skill the emphasis is on seeking different, and often difficult, alternatives to problems posed. There is also a requirement to classify the data and undertake evaluation of the ideas presented. Classification can be according to pre-set categories or left for student devised criteria. The evaluation is then carried out to examine the appropriateness of the classification categories.

© ReadyEdPu bl i cat i ons Teaching Tips •f orr evi ew Activity pur posesonl y•

Classify 20 objects in the classroom. Complete the activity three times. Choose 20 different objects each time.

. te

m . u

w ww

1. Classify with the categories - Natural, Man-made. 2. Classify with the categories - Big, Small. 3. With no categories provided - students classify and discuss the categories they generated.

o c . che e r o t r s super

With other thinking tasks the SCAMPER technique (as outlined by Bob Eberle) provides students with action categories to spur thinking. S C A M P E R

Substitute replace an object with another. Combine put two or more things together. Adapt change to suit a different purpose. Modify change or alter/Magnify - enlarge parts of or whole. Minimise play down aspects to less importance. Put it to other uses - use for purposes not originally intended. Eliminate remove parts. Reverse turn around or put opposite, invert. Rearrange - change sequence or order of parts.

When faced with a problem, students can often “kick start” their thinking by using the SCAMPER acronym. 23


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Complexity

Problem

12

Plan a bus trip to the city for three pet skunks.

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

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Teac he r

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

ew i ev Pr

___________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• Problem Complexity

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15

w ww

________________________________________________________

. te

________________________________________________________

m . u

List 30 things you could eat.

o c . che e r o t r s super

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

Show five different ways you could group them. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 24


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Complexity

Problem

12

What would make a “perfect friend” for you?

_________________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Would they be perfect for everybody? Say why or why not.

_________________________________________________________

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

_________________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Problem Complexity

_________________________________________________________

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w ww

_________________________________________________________

. te

_________________________________________________________

15

m . u

How could you combine a toothbrush, tennis racquet and lawnmower to create a useful household appliance?

o c . che e r o t r s super

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

25


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Teachers’ Notes

Skill Area

Risk Taking

or eBo ok

p u SExposing ideas to criticism

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

t s r Risk Taking e

This skill implies taking an emotional risk to state opinions or guess options. Often the fear of potential criticism creates this risk, stifling the most divergent or creative thinking. Again it is the responsibility of the teacher and group to create a positive climate of acceptability whereby everyone’s view is sought and accepted.

Teaching Tips © Ready EdP ubl i cat i ons Encouragement is a necessary tool to create trust. •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Care must be taken to acknowledge all the answers when commencing

w ww

m . u

a topic. If a teacher comments on answer 1 as “good” but doesn’t reply on answer 2, the second student is likely to feel that the ‘no comment’ signifies an inferior response. Therefore, nod, smile, acknowledge, agree and signal continually to make students feel comfortable and wanting to contribute.

Activity . t Using thee front page of a local newspaper, group the stories o c . presented into c “Good News/Bad News” categories. e her r Discuss o t s super Which are there most of? Why is this? What would happen if there was only good news? Can bad news be someone else’s good news or benefit someone else? Sometimes? Always? (E.g. Floods destroy crops – this suddenly creates price rises and markets for other suppliers. Harsh, but reality!)

26


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Risk Taking

Problem

12

List 10 of the most dangerous living things. Rank them in order of danger.

• _____________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

• _____________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________

• _____________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

• _____________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f o rr evi ew pur posesonl y• Problem Risk Taking

• _____________________________________________________

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10

w ww

___________________________________________________

. te

___________________________________________________

m . u

What makes people the saddest?

o c . che e r o t r s super

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

27


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Risk Taking

Problem

18

The most useful discovery in the world is:

because: _________________________________ ________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u ________________________________________ S ________________________________________ ________________________________________

________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Convince your friends of this fact.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• Problem Riskf Taking

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_________________________________________

20

m . u

w ww

Plan an overseas adventure trip for yourself. Where and how would you go? _________________________________________

. te o _________________________________________ c . c e her r _________________________________________ o t s super _________________________________________

What risks could be involved?

_________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 28


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Teachers’ Notes

inatio

n

Skill Area

Imagination

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Thinking beyond the idea

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Imag

This skill is the “user friendly” skill where the students are required to openly present fanciful solutions to problems. Unlike risk taking they are not providing their “opinion” but rather a whole range of imagined ideas.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• While not totally sequential in development, the skill of imagination can become the combination of all the previous sub-skills.

Teaching Tips

m . u

This can become the fun skill.

w ww

Choose topics that allow students to explore the unusual and bizarre.

Activity . t Develop the problem used in Elaboration: e o c “What would happen if your nose was on your knee?” . c e he r Treat as a small group brainstorming activity. o t r s super Enjoy the creative and imaginative issues that evolve. Supply the “what if” hurdles: “What if you wore glasses?” “Which knee?” “Was it a permanent condition?”

29


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Imagination

Problem

Archaeologists have just found a group of living pygmy dinosaurs in an ancient pyramid. How could we best protect the dinosaurs, while still allowing the public to visit and see them?

12

_____________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

_____________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr ev i ew pur posesonl y• Problem Imagination

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m . u

Why are squares very important in our daily lives?


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Imagination

Problem

Imagine a game of golf from the ball’s viewpoint. Describe the game.

15

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Problem Imagination

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What if the world had five days till extinction? Describe those days.

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Teachers’ Notes

Applied Thinking Activities

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The activities contained in this section are a “potpourri” designed to challenge and stimulate thinking in all students at all levels.

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

. te o They can be presented as: c . e blackboardc topics for individual groups. her r o t s super activity cards for self selection. extension challenges for individuals.

The Applied Thinking Activities work wonderfully well when taken home to involve family participation. They are also ideal for before-course and after-course comparisons of progress made as a result of undertaking the Creative Thinking Skills course contained in this book.

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Teachers’ Notes

The following section allows application of all the subskills in the formulation of solutions for given practical thematic problems.

Middle Primary Level,

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Learning Centre Theme:

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

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Fluency

Space

List all the helpful and harmful things that could fall from the sky. Harmful

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Helpful

1

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

When could some of these helpful things become harmful?

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_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

. te o _____________________________________________________ c . c e her r _____________________________________________________ o t s super _____________________________________________________ List all the things they could fall out of.

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Flexibility

Space

2

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Design and draw a shelter to protect you from things falling from the sky.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f ornew r euses vi e ur posesonl y• Create three forw thisp object:

From your list of things that can fall from the sky, select the most unusual object.

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• _____________________________________________________________________________

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• _____________________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________

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How could using this object make everyone’s life better?

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Space

Originality

Many theories have been presented regarding the existence of alien life forms. List some ways that aliens’ bodies could have adapted to overcome the problems of outer space.

3

Adapt to lack of atmosphere by:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok _________________________________________________________ u S _________________________________________________________ Adapt to weightlessness and low gravity by:

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Adapt to travelling for years between galaxies by:

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons _________________________________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Another problem is _______________________________________ _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

m . u

w ww

Adapt to this by: _________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

. te

o c . che e r o t r s super

Create the perfect alien. Label all the original features needed for long distance space travel.

36


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Elaboration

Space

Alien life forms would be very different to us. Their spacecraft would also be very different to anything we could build.

4

Explain and elaborate on how the following problems could be overcome by the aliens’ technology.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok Solution: _____________________________________________ u S _____________________________________________________ Needs to be able to travel over huge distances.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

Problem: Amount of fuel required; size of fuel tanks.

_____________________________________________________

Needs to be able to enter atmospheres. Problem: How to reduce the risk of burning up.

Solution: _____________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons _____________________________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Needs to be able fly undetected. _____________________________________________________

Problem: Avoiding current radar surveillance.

w ww

m . u

Solution: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

. t e draw and explain all the features of the ideal o Plan, design, spaceship. c . che e r o r st super

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Curiosity

Space

Now, knowing what we do about the adaptability of aliens and spacecraft, what if the aliens landed in your neighbourhood tonight?

5

Describe your first meeting in detail:

_____________________________________________________

r o e t s B r e oo _____________________________________________________ p u k _____________________________________________________ S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons What would the newspaper headline read? •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Write the first paragraph of the article describing the event.

w ww

The Daily News

m . u

_____________________________________________________

Date: _______________ _____________________________________________________

. te

o c . _____________________________________________________ che e r o _____________________________________________________ t r s super _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 38


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Complexity

Space

When people immigrate from other lands and cultures they sometimes find it difficult to fit in – they find different languages, foods, customs, physical features ...

6

What difficulties would an alien encounter in:

r o e t s Bo r e p ok _____________________________________________________ u S _____________________________________________________ your house during a weekend? ___________________________

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

_____________________________________________________

your class at school? ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons _____________________________________________________ •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• eating your favourite foods? _____________________________

_____________________________________________________

m . u

_____________________________________________________

w ww

talking with your friends? _______________________________

_____________________________________________________

. te o _____________________________________________________ c . che e r o Over the years many TVr shows and movies have shown alien life forms t s s r u e p living among us. List some of these and outline their approach to the alien. _____________________________________________________

TV / Movie

Shows aliens as ...

_________________

_____________________________

_________________

_____________________________

_________________

_____________________________ 39


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Risk Taking

Space

Knowing there are many thousands of planets in our solar system, could it be that life forms do exist on other planets?

5

Research and find out what could make this possible.

_____________________________________________________

r o e t s Bo r e _____________________________________________________ p ok u _____________________________________________________ S

Teac he r

_____________________________________________________

ew i ev Pr

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

m . u

I really believe that they do/don’t exist because:

w ww

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

. te o _____________________________________________________ c . che e _____________________________________________________ r o t r s super _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Argue your findings with someone of an opposite viewpoint. 40


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Imagination

Space

As you have thought more about the possibility that alien life may exist the aliens have picked up your energy waves. You have been selected to go back with them as a sample human being. What would make you a great human specimen to study?

6

Draw a picture of yourself. Label and describe your unique features – after all, you’re an alien life form to the aliens.

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• _________________________________

How are you different from the other human specimens on Earth?

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What conclusions could the aliens make about Homo sapiens after studying you?

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Teachers’ Notes

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Create Your Own Challenges

Having completed the thinking tasks provided in this book teachers may want to create their own. If possible provide local or topical activities. Use the table on the next page to create an ongoing supply of thinking tasks that allow stimulation and practice of the skills involved in the process of CREATIVE THINKING.

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Teachers’ Notes Skill

Fluency Quantity of ideas

Task Starters using creative thinking skills

• List all the ...

• How many ... ?

• What are all the ... ?

• What are the things ... if ... ?

• Write 10 ...

• Tell how you felt when ...

r o e t s Bo r e ok Flexibility up S • What are some reasons for ... ?

• What are the alternatives to ... ? • How many different ways ... ? • Give 5 different reasons for ... ?

• What are the consequences of ... ?

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Variety of ideas

• Compare a ... with a ... - How are they alike/different?

Originality

• Plan an ...

• Compose a song ...

• Invent a ...

• Think of unusual ways to ...

New ideas

• Create a ...

• Use all of these to make a ...

•d Improve ... by ... P © Rea yE d ubl i at i o...n •c Change the sos that ... Elaboration • Modify the ... so it ...

•f orr e•v i ew pur pos esonl y• Who am I? I lived ... • Substitute ... • Adapt ...

Adding to ideas

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Wondering about ideas

Complexity . t

e

• What would happen if ... ?

• What if ... ?

m . u

Curiosity

• Where might ... occur?

• Why do you think ... ?

• Just suppose ...

• Decide on the reasons for ... • What questions can be asked to • What are the considerations if find out about ... ?

o c . che e r o t r s super Risk Taking

Generating alternative ideas

... ?

• What are the consequences of ... ?

• Rank ...

• Decide ...

• Justify ...

• Give reasons for ...

• Say why ... is the best/worst.

• Would you rather be ... or ... ?

Imagination

• Imagine that ...

• What would it be like if .... ?

• Think of ...

• Pretend ... ?

Thinking beyond the idea

• You are a (dog/horse/tree ...) ... how do you feel about ... ?

Exposing ideas to criticism

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Record Page

As you work your way through this CREATIVE THINKING course record your progress on this chart. It might be interesting for you to make a note of what you thought, both about the activities and how your thinking was developing.

Skill/Activity

What Did I Think?

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