G6_Main_T1_CMS by Uolo

Computer Science

TERM I

About the Book This book embodies the principles outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It unveils the world of computer science through a unique and captivating pedagogical approach—seamlessly integrating curriculum content into the mesmerizing adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional figures hailing from the enchanting world of Avora. Our aim is to prepare learners for the dynamic and technology-driven landscape of the 21st century, equipping them with the essential skills they need to thrive in an ever-evolving world.

Accelerate

COMPUTER SCIENCE GRADE 6

Special Features • Explore More: QR codes to explore an exciting application of the concept. This element builds curiosity in children and helps them grasp concepts through digital visual aids. 6

• Discuss: Questions to trigger engaging group discussions in the classroom. • Think and Tell: Probing questions to stimulate thinking at an individual level. • Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of a concept. • Points to Remember: Chapter end summary. • Do It Yourself: Milestone exercises to practice specific concepts. • Chapter Checkup: A pool of questions catering to all topics and skills covered in the chapter.

About Uolo Uolo partners with K-12 schools to bring technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 10,000 schools across India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.

Singapore

Gurugram

CS_CB_Grade6_ICSE_Cover_CMT1.indd All Pages

Bengaluru

hello@uolo.com �275

NEP 2020 based

Technology powered

09/02/24 3:50 PM

ICSE

COMPUTER SCIENCE Grade 6 Term I

The Return of Cyborg

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Foreword

Standing at the forefront of the digital and AI revolution, the importance of coding and computational skills has reached unprecedented heights. In today’s professional landscape, whether it’s in the fields of medicine, space exploration, education, science, or business, no sector remains untouched by this transformative wave. To not just survive but thrive in the 21st century, basic computer literacy is no longer sufficient. Learners must evolve into “digital natives” who can fluently read, write, and communicate in the languages that machines and AI comprehend. Recognizing this imperative, the National Education Policy of 2020 (NEP 2020) has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum. Moreover, forward-looking subjects like AI, Data Sciences, Computer Applications, and IT have been introduced as elective subjects from grade 9 onwards. It wouldn’t be surprising if further transformative measures are taken even at the elementary education level. Uolo has introduced an innovative 360-degree program for a coding-focused computer science curriculum, known as Tekie, spanning grades 1 to 8. Tekie is a significant stride towards STEM education that aims at making learners future ready—enabling them with skills needed in the ever-changing, technology-driven, and dynamic 21st-century world. Tekie adopts a captivating and engaging approach to learning, in line with the recommendations of the NEP 2020. The curriculum is ingeniously woven into the thrilling adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional characters from the enchanting land of Avora. The Mel and Conji series epitomizes a modern method of acquiring Computer Science knowledge and honing coding skills and computational thinking. Tekie is a technology-empowered curriculum that encompasses a few key components: • • • •

Main Content Books: These introduce learners to the theory of computer science and the tools used in the field. Topics in AI are also covered, along with experiential and curiosity-based learning resources. Coding Book: Specifically designed to nurture coding skills, this booklet aligns with the experiential and contextual learning approach of the curriculum, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Animated Learning Videos: The program is powered by high-quality animation-based learning videos that deliver learning in an engaging manner. Teacher Manual: This valuable resource supports classroom instruction, ensuring that educators can effectively deliver the curriculum.

Welcome to the captivating realm of Tekie! We hope you relish this educational journey as it equips you with the tools you need to thrive in the exciting and ever-changing world of the 21st century.

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Key Chapter Elements Each chapter has been divided into two key sections. Section A: Story-based Comic In every grade, students embark on an immersive experience in the “Adventures of Mel and Conji”. Within each chapter, in the initial section (Section A), the story unfolds, enveloping learners in an exciting journey. Through the story, students actively connect with fundamental concepts in the realm of Computer Science. Section B: Computer Science Concepts This section of the chapter focuses on the essential academic content. It provides the learning goals and assists teachers in their classroom instruction. This section also includes the following academic assets: QR codes to explore an exciting application of the concept.

HOTS questions to trigger

Discuss!

engaging group

This element builds curiosity in children and helps them grasp concepts through digital visual aids.

Why is File Management Important?

discussions in the classroom.

Explore More!

To know how translator programs work, scan this QR code.

Interesting facts related to the application of a concept.

Did You Know? The term “software” was first used by John W. Tukey in 1958.

This is the chapter summary. It enables learners to glance through all key concepts covered in the chapter. Probing questions to stimulate HOTS at individual

Think and Tell

What are some other file formats that you have seen?

level.

Milestone exercises to practise specific concepts.

A pool of questions catering to all topics and skills covered in the chapter.

iii

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Introduction to Avora

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Places in Avora

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Meet the Characters

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vii

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Contents

Computer Languages and Types of Computers �� 1 

Computer Languages



Translator Programs



Categories of Computers

File Management ��17 

Organising Data



Moving and Copying Files and Folders



Sorting Files and Folders



Searching Files and Folders



Understanding File Formats



Working with Multiple Applications

Tables in Google Docs ��34 

Creating a Table



Entering Data in a Table



Editing a Table



Formatting a Table

Mail Merge Using Google Docs ��55      

Mail Merge

Main Document Datasource

Inserting Merge Fields Viewing Merge Fields Printing Letters

Introduction to HTML ��76      

HTML

Web Browsers

Basic Structure of an HTML Document Structure of an HTML Document Basic Terminologies in HTML Types of Tags

viii

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Chapter 1 • Computer Languages and Types of Computers

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Computer Languages Have you ever thought about how you communicate with your friends or family using words and sentences? Just like we have languages for humans, computers also have their own languages to understand and follow instructions. These languages are called computer languages. A computer language can be defined as a set of instructions that computers can understand and follow. A computer language is a special language that is in the form of codes and symbols. There are five categories of computer languages based on their development stages. They are called generations. Programming Languages

Low-level

Firstgeneration

High-level

Secondgeneration

Thirdgeneration

Fourthgeneration

Fifthgeneration

Let us learn about these five generations of computer languages.

First-generation Languages First-generation language is also called machine language or low-level language. This language is dependent on machines. As you know, the computer is an electronic device. So, it understands the language of electric signals that are symbolised as 0s and 1s, known as binary code. The language that includes the use of binary codes is called binary language.

Advantages of First-generation Language 1. Quick and effective since statements are directly written in a binary language. 2. No translator is necessary.

Disadvantages of First-generation Language 1. Binary codes are difficult to learn. 2. It is very difficult to find and fix errors in programs written in machine language.

Chapter 1 • Computer Languages and Types of Computers

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Second-generation Languages Second-generation language is also called Assembly Language. It is also a low-level language. This language uses a simple mnemonic code instead of binary numbers to communicate with computers. For example, ADD for addition, SUB for subtraction, MUL for multiplication, and so on. When compared to programs created in machine language, the programs created in assembly language are simpler to create, understand, and modify.

Advantages of Second-generation Language 1. When compared to machine language, it is simpler to understand. 2. Changes are easy to make. 3. Errors are easy to locate and correct.

Disadvantages of Second-generation Language 1. An assembler is required. 2. The instruction set for this language varies according to the architecture and hardware. 3. You can perform only a limited number of operations using this language.

Third-generation Languages Third-generation languages are called high-level languages. These languages resemble English conversation more closely. The programs written in these languages can be developed in very little time as compared to the first- and second-generation languages. The examples include FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, Java, C#, etc.

Advantages of Third-generation Languages 1. The use of English-like words makes the language easy for others to understand. 2. It requires fewer lines of code than the first- and second-generation languages. 3. By using a compiler specific to that language, the same code can be moved to another system and run on it.

Disadvantages of Third-generation Languages 1. You need a compiler and interpreter to execute a program. 2. Different computers require different compilers.

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Fourth-generation Languages Fourth-generation languages are called non-procedural languages. They are very high-level languages. They enable users to access the database. These languages are easy for people to understand. The fourthgeneration of programming languages was created with the goal of reducing the time, expense, and effort required for creating various software applications. The examples include SQL, Python, FoxPro, and Focus.

Advantages of Fourth-generation Languages 1. These languages are simple to understand and learn. 2. The creation of applications takes less time. 3. The chances of introducing errors in the programs are very low.

Disadvantages of Fourth-generation Languages 1. The programs written in fourth-generation languages occupy more space in memory. 2. They have weak hardware control. 3. They are not very flexible.

Fifth-generation Languages Fifth-generation languages are used for creating programs for Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks are the two main industries using the fifth-generation of computer languages. The examples include Prolog, Mercury, LISP, etc.

Advantages of Fifth-generation Languages 1. Fifth-generation languages focus on the logic of the problems rather than the implementation. 2. They often allow programming in a more natural language like syntax. 3. 5GLs require less code to accomplish tasks. 4. These languages are well-suited for AI and expert system development, where rule-based and symbolic reasoning is essential.

Disadvantages of Fifth-generation Languages 1. 5GLs are often specialised and may not be suitable for all types of programming tasks. 2. 5GLs can be complex to learn. 3. Depending on the implementation, 5GLs may not always offer the same level of performance.

Chapter 1 • Computer Languages and Types of Computers

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Did You Know? Computer languages are based on predefined rules, known as syntax, as human languages are based on words and grammar.

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Translator Programs A translator program for computer languages is similar to a unique tool that enables the computer to understand user requests. It converts instructions written in a computer language into something the machine can understand, much like translating a foreign language into your native language. It is like translating so that speakers of different languages can communicate with one another! There are three main types of translator programs:

Compiler A compiler is a language processor that reads the source programs written in high-level language and converts them into an equivalent program written in machine code in one go. If there are any errors, it immediately informs the programmer about them.

High-level Language

Compiler

Explore More!

To know how translator programs work, scan this QR code.

Machine Language

Interpreter Interpreter is a translator program that converts high-level language code to machine language line by line as the program runs.

High-level Language

Interpreter

Machine Language

Assembler A translator, called an assembler, is used to convert assembly language code into machine language code. Assembly Language

Assembler

Machine Language

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Do It Yourself 1A 1

Fill in the blanks.

A program that converts assembly language into machine language is called

b 2

languages require less code to accomplish tasks.

Write T for True and F for False.

A compiler translates the source code written in high-level language into machine language in one go.

A computer is an intelligent machine, so it does not require a translator.

Categories of Computers A computer is an electronic device. You must have seen the different types of computers, like a desktop, a laptop, or a tablet. There are many more types of computers that are categorised according to their shape, size, and functionality. Let us learn about them one by one.

Supercomputers Supercomputers are super-fast and large computers. They have huge storage space. They can do lots of tasks very quickly, like a billion tasks in just one second! These computers are different from regular personal computers. Supercomputers are used for special jobs, like science research, medicine, simulations, and weather predictions. A special unit called FLOPS, Floating-point Operations Per Second, is used to measure how fast they work. Examples: Summit, Fugaku, Sierra, Sunway TaihuLight, Tianhe-2A, etc.

Advantages of Supercomputers 1. They have huge storage capacity. 2. They work very fast. 3. Many people can use them at the same time.

Disadvantages of Supercomputers 1. They are costly. 2. They use a lot of power. 3. They need experts to take care of them. Chapter 1 • Computer Languages and Types of Computers

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Explore More!

Want to explore the fascinating world of supercomputers? Scan this QR code.

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Mainframe Computers Mainframe computers are also big and super-fast, but smaller than supercomputers. They can do lots of jobs quickly. They are used in places where high precision is required, such as in banks to handle money transactions or in aeroplane guidance. Mainframes are super reliable, and they can work for a long time—at least 10 years. Mainframes can also get bigger if needed by adding more parts, like processors and memory. Examples: IBM z15, IBM z14, Unisys ClearPath Libra, Fujitsu GS21 360, and Hitachi VOS3.

Advantages of Mainframe Computers 1. They are very reliable. 2. Their functionality can be extended by adding more parts. 3. They are super safe and used for high-precision tasks. 4. They are quite reliable.

Disadvantages of Mainframe Computers 1. They cost a lot, so mostly big organisations use them. 2. They need a lot of power and specialised cooling to stay cool. 3. Using and fixing them is tricky and needs special knowledge.

Minicomputers Minicomputers are smaller than mainframes but still offer significant computing power. They are used in scientific research, industrial control systems, and as servers for midsized organisations. Minicomputers have a large memory storage capacity due to their large number of processors. They can run multiple operating systems simultaneously. Example: IBM System/3, DEC PDP-11, Data General Nova, HP 3000, and Wang VS.

Advantages of Minicomputers 1. Minicomputers are known for their high performance and reliability. 2. Their functionality can be extended by adding more processors. 3. Due to their large number of processors, minicomputers have extensive memory storage capacity. 4. They can do multiple tasks at the same time.

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Disadvantages of Minicomputers 1. Due their cost, only large organisations use them. 2. They require lots of power and cooling to stay cool. 3. They need specialists to fix and use them.

Workstations Workstations are high-performance computers used for specialised tasks like professional photo and video editing, 3D design, scientific modelling, and software development. They have powerful hardware and are often used by professionals in technical fields. They are mostly used by a single user. Examples: Dell Precision Mobile Workstations, HP ZBook Studio Workstation, etc.

Advantages of Workstations 1. Workstations are much faster than regular laptops and can handle tough tasks. 2. Workstations can store huge amounts of data, making them suitable for big projects. 3. They are great at making complex graphics. 4. They keep important data safe, making them ideal for banks and large organisations.

Disadvantages of Workstations 1. Workstations are expensive to buy and maintain, so only big organisations and important places like banks use them. 2. They are not portable because they are big and need to stay plugged in.

Personal Computers (PCs) PCs are the most common type of computer and are designed for individual use. They include desktop computers and laptops. PCs are used for a wide range of tasks, including word processing, internet browsing, gaming, and more.

Advantages of Personal Computers 1. They are used for communicating with friends and family through emails, chat, videos, and more. 2. They can help you search for anything on the internet. 3. They are great for playing games, watching shows or movies, drawing pictures, editing videos, and writing in digital diaries. Chapter 1 • Computer Languages and Types of Computers

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4. They can do tasks very quickly due to their very high-speed processors. 5. PCs have a huge storage capacity to store pictures, videos, presentations, and documents.

Disadvantages of Personal Computers 1. Using personal computers for a long duration can have physical health effects, like poor eye-sight, pain in the hands and neck, etc. 2. They are prone to security breaches if not protected. 3. They can experience hardware or software issues that can affect their performance.

Think and Tell

What other tasks can be performed using personal computers?

Tablets and Smartphones These portable devices combine computing capabilities with touchscreens. They are also meant for individual use. They are used for various purposes, such as communication, entertainment, and productivity.

Advantages of Tablets and Smartphones 1. You can carry tablets and smartphones anywhere you want. 2. Their touchscreens are user-friendly and intuitive. 3. They serve as phones, cameras, music players, and more. 4. App stores offer a wide variety of applications. 5. They provide Wi-Fi, cellular data, and Bluetooth connections.

Disadvantages of Tablets and Smartphones 1. They have limited battery life, requiring frequent charging. 2. They have small screens, which may not be suitable for all tasks. 3. They can lead to reduced productivity and social interaction. 4. High-end devices and data plans can be expensive. 5. They are susceptible to security risks like malware and data breaches.

Did You Know? The term “software” was first used by John W. Tukey in 1958.

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Do It Yourself 1B Match the type of computer with its features. Type of Computer

Feature

Tablet and smartphones

Smaller than mainframes

Supercomputer

Need a lot of power and specialised cooling to stay cool

Mainframe computer

Can be carried anywhere

Minicomputer

Performance is measured in FLOPS

Points to Remember 1

A computer language can be defined as a set of instructions that computers can understand and follow.

A computer language is a special language that is in the form of codes and symbols.

There are five categories of computer languages based in their development stages. These are called generations.

Computers can be categorised into supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, personal computers, tablets, and smartphones based on their size and functionality.

Supercomputers are super-fast and very big computers with huge storage space.

Mainframe computers are also big and super-fast, but smaller than supercomputers.

Minicomputers are smaller than mainframes but still offer significant computing power.

Workstations are high-performance computers used for specialised tasks like professional photo and video editing, 3D design, scientific modelling, and software development.

PCs are the most common type of computer and are designed for individual use.

Tablets and smartphones are portable devices that combine computing capabilities with touchscreens.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints 1

mnemonic

A special unit called

mainframe

FLOPS

personal

binary

is used to measure how fast supercomputers work.

computers are super reliable, and they can work for a long time—at least 10 years.

computers are the most common type of computer and are designed for individual use.

The language that includes the use of binary codes is called

The assembly language uses simple the computers.

Chapter 1 • Computer Languages and Types of Computers

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language.

code instead of binary numbers to communicate with

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B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

A computer language can be defined as

The language that computers speak.

A way in which computers understand instructions.

A way of computer-to-computer communication.

A way of communication between different types of machines.

Which computer language is used for giving low-level commands to a computer?

Binary

Spanish

Emoji

English

can convert a source code into binary code line-by-line.

Assembler

Interpreter

Compiler

Processor

LISP is a

language.

High-level

Low-level

Assembly

Fifth-generation

generation languages enable users to access the database.

First-generation

Second-generation

Third-generation

Fourth-generation

C. Who Am I? 1

I am a second-generation of programming language, which uses special code symbols like ADD and SUB.

I use 0s and 1s in binary code to give instructions to the computer.

I am a program that helps computers understand various languages.

I am a computer that is used for creating 3D designs.

I am a computer that is portable and can be taken from one place to another.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

Many people can use the supercomputers at the same time.

Mainframe computers are bigger than supercomputers.

Minicomputers are small, so they cannot run multiple operating systems simultaneously.

Workstations have touch-enabled screens.

Fourth-generation languages are called procedural languages.

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E. Answer the Following. 1

What is a computer language?

Name the categories of computers based on their size and functionality.

Write the features of mainframe computers.

Differentiate between a compiler and an interpreter.

How is assembly language different from machine language?

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

Reena’s mother was a computer programmer during the third-generation of computer language. Which kind of language did she use then?

Amit’s brother is a scientist and works in the weather-forecasting department. Which type of computer must he be using?

Aisha wants a computer that she can carry to college. Which type of computer do you suggest she should take?

Rohan is a programmer who writes programs for artificial intelligence machines. Which generation of languages is this?

Asmi wants to convert a program written in a high-level language into a low-level language. Which program should she use to do it?

Chapter 1 • Computer Languages and Types of Computers

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Chapter 2 • File Management

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Organising Data Suppose you are creating a science project where you have to maintain many sheets of paper. Each sheet of paper has a different topic. Now imagine, if you are working on multiple projects of different subjects, then it will be very difficult for you to keep a track of which file belongs to what project. In this case, you can make use of folders to arrange all these papers subject-wise. Similarly in computers, you can create files using various software applications. To organise these files on your computer, it‘s better to keep them in separate folders. This is called file management. File management is the way we organise and handle our digital documents and files on a computer or a device. It involves creating, saving, naming, moving, and deleting files to keep them organised and easy to find.

Did You Know? Digital folders in computers are modelled after physical filing systems, where both are used for storing and categorising files systematically.

Moving and Copying Files and Folders You can organise your files and folders by moving and copying them from one location to another. There are mainly two methods to do so. Let us learn about them.

Moving Data from One Drive to Another Moving data from one drive to another means taking files and folders from one place to another. People generally move files from one drive to another for various reasons, such as creating backups, freeing up space, organising data, or transferring data between devices.

Using Cut and Paste Method 1. First, open File Explorer by clicking on the File Explorer icon in the taskbar or by pressing Win + E keys.

2. Click on This PC. 3. Double-click on the New Volume(D:) drive.

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4. Find the files you want to move, then select them. 5. Right-click on the selected files. A context menu appears. 6. Select Cut from the context menu.

7. Now, go to the Local Disk(C:) drive. 8. Choose the destination folder, where you want to put these files.

Chapter 2 • File Management

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9. Right-click in an empty area and select Paste from the context menu.

The files will be pasted at the desired location.

Using Drag and Drop Method There is one more way to move files. You can drag and drop a file from one location to the other. 1. Click on the file you want to move and hold down the left button of the mouse. 2. If you press and hold the Ctrl key while you move it, it will always make a copy. 3. If you press and hold the Shift key while you move it, it will always move the file.

Did You Know? You can copy or move data to cloud storage services such as Google Drive, Dropbox, or Microsoft OneDrive, providing easy access from anywhere with an internet connection.

Copying or Moving Data between Storage Devices Moving or copying data between storage devices means transferring information like files or documents from one place, such as a computer, to another, like a USB drive or external hard disk. Moving removes data from the original location while copying duplicates it, allowing you to use it on different devices.

Copying Data between Storage Devices Copying data involves copying the files/folders from one storage location to another. It is generally used to create a backup of your files. 22

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To copy files from your device to your external storage on a Windows 10 computer, follow these steps: 1. Plug in your external storage device. 2. Click on the File Explorer icon on the taskbar. 3. Find the files or folders you want to copy. 4. To select multiple files, hold down the Ctrl key as you click on them. 5. After you have selected the files and folders, right-click on them. 6. Click on Send to, then pick the name of your external storage device from the list.

Your files and folders will start copying to your external drive. If you have multiple files in different places, you might need to do these steps again.

Moving Data between Storage Devices To move data between storage devices in Windows 10, you can use the following steps: 1. Connect the storage device to your computer. 2. Open File Explorer. 3. Navigate the location where your files which you want to copy. 4. Select the files you want to copy. 5. Right-click on the selected files and choose Cut or press Ctrl + X. 6. Move to the external device location where you want to paste the files. 7. Right-click in the empty area and select Paste or press Ctrl + V.

Chapter 2 • File Management

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Moving Files from External Drive to PC Follow the given steps to transfer files from external storage device to the computer: 1. Open File Explorer. 2. Go to This PC. 3. Double-click the external drive and navigate through the files/folders. 4. Select the files you want to transfer. 5. Right-click and choose Cut or Copy. 6. Select the location on your computer where you want to transfer the files. 7. Right-click in an empty area and select Paste.

Discuss!

Why is File Management Important?

Sorting Files and Folders Sorting means to arrange the files in a particular order. You can arrange your files according to their names, size, type, or the date on which the file is created or modified. To sort the files, follow the given steps: 1. Open File Explorer. 2. Go to the folder where you want to arrange the files. 3. Click on the View tab and choose Details to display file details.

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4. Click on the Sort by button, and select either Name or Size to organise files. Here, the Size option is selected.

5. Further, you can select whether you want to arrange the files in ascending order or descending order. For example, let us select ascending order. The files will be arranged size-wise, in ascending order.

Did You Know? Ascending order means to arrange the files in increasing order of their size and descending order means to arrange the files in decreasing order of their size.

Guidelines for File Management Create your digital file organisation system: 

Set aside some time to organise your computer‘s files and folders, just like you would organise your room.



Create a main folder (like “My Documents” or “My Files“) and give it a clear name.



Inside the main folder, create subfolders for different categories (e.g., “School”, “Photos”, “Music”).



Start moving your files into the appropriate subfolders, keeping them neatly organised.



Try searching for files using wildcards like ‘*’ and ‘?’ to practise your file-finding skills.



Regularly maintain and update your digital organisation system to keep it efficient.

Chapter 2 • File Management

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Searching Files and Folders Searching files means looking for specific documents or data on a computer or a device. To do this, you use a search tool to find files by typing keywords or names. This helps you to quickly locate and access the information that you need, saving time and making it easier to work with your files. In Windows 10, you can use special symbols called wildcards to narrow down your search results. There are two main wildcards: the asterisk (*) and the question mark (?). The asterisk (*) can stand for any number of characters, while the question mark (?) can replace just one character. Let us see their usage one by one.

Using Asterisk (*) Symbol The asterisk (*) symbol is used to search all the files of the same type. For example, you can type *.docx to find all the files that have the .docx extension. To use the asterisk symbol to search for files, follow the given steps: 1. Click on the File Explorer icon in the taskbar to open it. 2. Go to the drive where you want to search and open the desired folder. 3. In the Search bar, type what you are looking for and use special symbols: “*“ (Asterisk) stands for any number of characters. 4. To find files with a specific ending, use “*“ followed by the extension, like “*.txt“ for text files or “*.jpg” for image files. 5. To find files or folders with a certain word in their name, use “*“ before and after the word, like “*document*“ to find anything with “document“ in its name. 6. After you have typed what you want to find, press Enter or click Search in File Explorer. It will show you the files and folders that match your search criteria.

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Using Question Mark (?) A question mark (?) is used to match a single character in the name of the files. You can use multiple question marks to specify the number of characters that you want to search for in a file’s or folder’s name. For example, if you search for “document?.txt,” Windows will find both “document1.txt” and “document2.txt” because the question mark represents a single character, and it can match any single character in the file name. To search a file or a folder using the question mark symbol, follow the given steps: 1. Open File Explorer. 2. Go to the location where you want to search a file or folder. 3. In the Search box, type the search criteria using a question mark. If you want to find files with a specific character in a certain place, use “?” in that place. For example, “file0?.txt” would find files like “file01.txt“ or “file02.txt.“ 4. After writing the search criteria, press Enter or click on the Go button. The files matching your search criteria will be displayed.

Understanding File Formats A file format defines how information is organised and stored for a specific program‘s use. For instance, a .docx file is a Microsoft Word document. Different applications may not be able to understand all file formats, and sometimes, even if they can read a format, they might not be able to interpret all aspects correctly. For example, an application might be able to read the text in a file but not handle its formatting correctly if it is in a different format from what it is designed for. Understanding file formats means knowing how different kinds of computer files are built and the rules they follow. These files are important because they help computers make sense of the information stored

Chapter 2 • File Management

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in them. Some file formats have security features, like passwords or encryption, which can keep sensitive data safe. Some common file types include: 1. JPEG/PNG: These are formats for pictures and photos. 2. MP3: It is a compressed audio file type. 3. MP4: A video file type that can also have audio and subtitles. 4. DOCX: A format for Microsoft Word documents. 5. XLSX: A format for Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. 6. MKV: A container format that can hold video, audio, and subtitles all in one file.

Think and Tell

What are some other file formats that you have seen?

Working with Multiple Applications Working with multiple applications means using several software programs or apps on a computer or device at the same time. This involves switching between these programs to do different tasks, like doing multiple things at once or sharing information between them. Important parts of this include: 1. Multitasking: Doing more than one thing at a time on your device. You don‘t have to close one app to use another. 2. Compatibility: Making sure that different apps can work together and share information smoothly. 28

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3. Collaboration: Working together with others on projects, using various apps like chat tools, project management software, and file-sharing platforms. To work with multiple apps, you can: 1. Open different apps on your computer. 2. Move between them quickly using keyboard shortcuts like “Alt + Tab”. This helps you to switch between apps easily.

Do It Yourself 2A Connect a USB drive or external hard disk to your computer, copy or move a set of files from your computer to the external storage device and then disconnect the external storage device safely. Reconnect the device to your computer and copy or move the files back from the external storage device to your computer. Observe how data transfer works between your computer and external storage.

Points to Remember 1

You organise your computer by creating folders and naming them for easy access.

Moving a file from one location to another means to change the original location of a file or folder.

Copying a file or folder means to create a duplicate copy of the selected file or folder. In this case, the same file or folder will exist at two different locations.

Sorting files and folders means to arrange them in a particular order.

Wildcards like asterisk (*) and question mark (?) help you search for files on your computer. The asterisk represents multiple characters, and the question mark represents one character.

File formats determine how information is stored in files. Different file formats are used for different types of data, such as .docx for Word documents, .jpg for images, and .mp3 for audio.

You can use multiple software programs or apps simultaneously on your computer. Multitasking allows you to switch between apps without closing them.

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Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

Format

Multitasking

Wildcards

Alt+Tab

Move

To files on a Windows 10 computer, you can use the Cut and Paste method or drag and drop them to the desired location.

like ‘*‘ and ‘?‘ can be used in file searches to find specific types of files or match certain characters.

A file

Working with multiple applications, you can switch between them using keyboard shortcuts like

defines how information is organised and stored for a specific program’s use. .

allows you to switch between apps without closing them.

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

What is the purpose of creating folders and naming them on your computer?

To slow down file access

To make files harder to find

To organise files and make them easier to access

To delete files permanently

How can you move files from one location to another on a Windows 10 computer?

Press Ctrl + C

Right-click and choose “Delete“

Use the Cut and Paste method or drag and drop

Use the Print option

What are wildcards used for in file searches on a computer?

To create new files

To represent any number of characters

To format text

To play multimedia files

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Why is it important to understand file formats?

It‘s not important at all

It helps you choose the best wallpaper for your computer

It determines how information is stored and which software can open files

It helps with computer gaming

What does working with multiple applications on a computer involve?

Closing all apps before opening a new one

Using just one app at a time

Using several software programs or apps simultaneously

Using a computer without any applications

C. Who Am I? 1

I am a method used to move files and folders from one location to another on a Windows 10 computer. I involve cutting and pasting or dragging and dropping.

I am a special symbol used in file searches in Windows 10. I can represent any number of characters or just one character.

I am the purpose of organising your computer files by creating folders and giving them names. I make it easier to find and access your data.

I am a format that defines how information is stored for a specific program‘s use. For instance, .docx is an example of me used for Word documents.

I am the action of copying data from one storage device to another. I create backups for your files and help keep your data safe.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

File management involves organising and handling digital documents and files on a computer or a device.

Moving data from one drive to another always results in making a copy of the files.

Using wildcards like “*“ and “?“ can help narrow down file searches and find specific files on a computer.

File formats determine how information is organised and stored for a specific program‘s use.

Multitasking involves using several software programs on a computer simultaneously, allowing you to work on multiple tasks without closing apps.

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E. Answer the Following. 1

What is the purpose of file management, and why is it important for computer users?

Explain the difference between moving and copying data between storage devices. When might you choose one over the other?

How can wildcards like “*“ and “?“ be used to enhance file searches on a computer? Provide an example of when you might use them.

What is the significance of file formats? How do they impact the compatibility and interpretation of files by different software programs?

Describe the concept of working with multiple applications on a computer. How can multitasking and compatibility between applications benefit users in various tasks and projects?

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

You are given a folder containing various types of files, including documents, images, and spreadsheets. Your task is to organise these files into subfolders based on their file types (e.g., create separate subfolders for documents, images, and spreadsheets). Explain the steps you would take to complete this file management task efficiently.

In the lab, you have two different software applications open on your computer: a word-processing program and an image-editing program. Your assignment is to create a document in the word processing program and insert an image from the image editing program into it. Mention the types of the file formats used in both the applications.

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Chapter 2 • File Management

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Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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Creating a Table Imagine that you are planning a birthday party for your classmate Sarah. It’s going to be a surprise party, and you want to make sure everyone’s informed with the plan. To do that, you decide to create a digital invitation and a detailed schedule of the party activities. For this invitation, you will use Google Docs. Google Docs allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating with other users in real time. Now, we will create a plan of activities in a table to ensure that everything takes place at the correct time, starting with preparing for the party and ending with tidying up afterwards.

Sarah's 11th Birthday Party Date: September 18, 2023 Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m. Venue: 5-A Classroom Dear * (name) * Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah. I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party. I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule. Please see if your phone number is correct: * (phone no.) * This will let me call you in case I need any help.

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Let us make this a memorable birthday for her.

Let us learn how to create a table. Regards, (your name)

(your phone A table is like a grid made up ofno.) rows and columns. The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell.

Steps to create a table: 1. Open Google Docs. 2. Click on the big plus sign (+) or Blank option to create a new document. 3. Click on the Insert menu from the menu bar. 4. Select the Table option from the drop-down list that appears. 5. S elect the number of rows and columns from the Table templates grid. Here, we are creating a table with 3 columns and 4 rows.

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3 4 5

Your table is created in the document.

Let’s learn how you can add data to this table.

Did You Know?

Google Docs tables are great for creating organised lists with checkboxes, making to-do lists, and so on.

Entering Data in a Table To enter data in a table, follow these steps: 1. Click on any cell in the table. 2. Type your party information in each cell, starting with categories like Time, Activity, and Description. 3. Use Tab key to move to the next cell in the table and Shift + Tab to move to the previous cell.

Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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4. I n the second row, write the time of the activity under the Time column and the activity name under the Activity column. For example, for a class party, write Set up under Activity. Write the description of the activity under the Description column.

Time

Activity

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Description Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

Similarly, enter the details of other activities. Now that you have learnt how to enter data into a table, let’s explore how you can make changes to this table.

Editing a Table Editing a table means making some modifications to the table structure or changing the data in it.

If you want to update some information, you can edit the table by following the steps given below: 1. F or example, if you want to change the timing of an activity, you can locate the cell under the Time column in the corresponding row. 2. Locate the cell, then click on it to edit the time as necessary.

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Here, the snacks timings are being changed from “10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.” to “10:00 a.m. to 10:30 a.m.”

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

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Did You Know?

Just like you can add comments on the text in Google Docs, you can also add comments on the cells in a table.

Do It Yourself 3A 1

Plan your birthday party games! Create a table with two columns (Game Name and Players Needed) and list three games you want to play with the number of players for each game.

Answer the following.

a What is editing a table?

b Write the shortcut key to move to the previous cell in a table.

Now that you’ve learnt how to create a table, enter data, and edit it, let’s learn how to format a table in Google Docs.

Formatting a Table When you write something on a computer or on paper, you can change the way it looks to make it easier or more interesting to read. Formatting means to change the overall appearance of a table. Let’s start formatting by changing the row height of a table.

Changing Row Height You wish to make your party-planning table look even better. You can change the height of the rows to make things easier to read and more organised. A row is a horizontal arrangement of cells or boxes that runs from left to right. Row height is the vertical distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table. To change the height of rows, follow the steps given below: 1. Right-click in the row that you want to make taller or shorter. A context menu will appear.

Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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2. Select the Table properties option. Time

Activity

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Description

Set up

Set up the part hall with balloons and decoration items.

Lunch

Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks

Games

Friends can bond with each other over some games.

3. In the Table properties pane, click on the Row category. 4. Select the Minimum row height check box. 5. Adjust the row height value to change the row’s height.

3 4

The row height will be changed as shown in the image.

Time

Activity

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

You can also open the Table properties pane by selecting the Format → Table → Table properties option from the menu bar. Similarly, you can change the width of a table’s columns. Let’s discuss how.

Description

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Did You Know?

You can sort data in Google Docs tables by selecting a column and using the ascending (A to Z) or descending (Z to A) sorting options in the toolbar.

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Changing Column Width A column is a vertical arrangement of cells or boxes that run from top to bottom. Column width is the horizontal distance between the left and right borders of a column in a table. The column width can be changed using the following steps: 1. Right-click on the column that you want to make wider or narrower.

2. Select the Table properties option from the context menu that appears. 1

Time

Activity

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the part hall with balloons and decoration items.

Lunch

Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m. 11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Description

Friends can bond with each other duringsome games.

3. In the Table properties pane, click on the Column category.

4. Adjust the column width value to make the column wider or narrower.

3 4

The column width will be changed as shown in the image.

Time

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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Activity

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An important concept while learning about formatting tables is the splitting of cells. This helps you to categorise more information. Let’s learn how you can split cells in a table in Google Docs.

Splitting Cells Splitting cells in a table can help you separate and categorise information in a clear and structured way. For example, you can split up the lunch activity to include smaller activities like lunch and talking. Steps to split cells are as follows: 1. Right-click on the cell that you want to split into smaller parts. 2. A context menu will appear. 3. Select the Split cell option. Time

Activity

Description Set up the part hall with balloons and decoration items.

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other over some games.

4. The Split cell dialog box will appear, asking you to specify how many rows and columns you want to divide the cell into. Enter the number of rows and columns based on how you want to organise your information.

5. Click on the Split button to confirm your choices and split the selected cell. The cell will be divided into smaller cells based on your specifications. 6. Type the desired information in the split cells.

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Time

Activity

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Description Set up the part hall with balloons and decoration items.

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

Talking

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Sometimes, larger cells are required in a table to enter headings or other information. Let’s learn how we can merge table cells to combine information effectively.

Explore More! See how to fill a table in Google Docs with colours by scanning this QR!

Merging Cells Merging cells in a table can help you combine information and create headings, improving the clarity and organisation of the table. Merging cells is like combining two or more cells in a table to create a single, larger cell. Steps to merge the cells are as follows: 1. To merge cells, first select the cells you want to combine. You can do this by clicking and dragging over the cells. 2. Once the cells are selected, right-click on them.

3. In the menu that pops up, click on the Merge cells option.

Time 9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Activity Set up

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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Snacks

Games

Description

3 Talking

Set up the part hall with balloons and decoration items. Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks Friends can bond with each other over some games.

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4. The selected cells will become one big cell. When two cells are merged, the text written in both cells is also merged. You can change the text according to your requirement.

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks Talking

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Adding Rows and Columns to a Table After creating a table, you can add more rows and columns to it by following the steps: 1. Right-click in the cell where you want to add a row/column. The context menu that appears allows you to add a column to the left or right of the selected cell. Similarly, it also has options to add a row above or below the selected cell. 2. Select the Insert row below option.

Time

Activity

Description 2

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the part hall with balloons and decoration items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Lunch and Talking

Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other some games.

A row will be inserted. Similarly, you can add a column by selecting the Insert column left/Insert column right option.

Removing Rows and Columns from a Table Sometimes, you may need to remove a row/column from a table. You can remove a row/column from a table by following the given steps: 1. Select the row/column you want to delete and right-click on it.

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2. Select the Delete row option.

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the part hall with balloons and decoration items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other some games.

Similarly, you can delete a column. Now, let’s learn how to apply borders and shading to a table.

Applying Borders and Shading Applying borders and shading to a table in Google Docs can enhance its visual appeal and make it stand out.

Borders: It is like a dark outline around any text or picture that makes it look a little standout. Shading: It means to set the background colour of a cell. Follow the steps below to apply border and shading to a table: 1. Right-click on any cell of your table. 2. Select the Table properties option. Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the part hall with balloons and decoration items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Lunch

Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other some games.

Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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3. The Table properties pane will appear. Click on the Color category. You will see a Table border option. 4. Here, you can select the colour and thickness for the table border.

5. You can also set a background colour of cell by using the Cell background color option.

6. Click on a desired colour from the palette. You can see that the colour of the table heading background has now changed. Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socailise over food and drinks

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other over some games.

Let’s learn how you can change the type of a border:

1. Select the border that you want to change by clicking on it.

2. Click on the Border dash from the Toolbar. A list of different types of borders will appear. 3. Select the type of border which you want to apply.

The selected border will be changed. Similarly, you can change the border of whole table.

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Now that we have learnt how to add borders to a table, let’s learn how to align the text in the table.

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Aligning Texts Horizontally Horizontal text alignment refers to how the text is positioned within a cell, deciding whether it aligns with the left, centre, or right margins. Steps to align the text are as follows: 1. Select the text you want to align.

2. Click on the 3 dots in the upper right-hand corner of the page. 3. Click on the Align button in the Toolbar.

4. Select the alignment you want to apply to your text: Left: Aligns the text to the left margin.

Center: Aligns the text to the centre of the cell. Right: Aligns the text to the right margin. Justify: Aligns the text in between left and right margins of the cells, filling the line space. 2 3 4

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Aligning Text Vertically Vertical alignment refers to the position of a text within the top and bottom edges of a cell in a table. Steps to apply the vertical alignment are as follows: 1. Select the cell or a range of cells, whose text alignment you want to modify. 2. Right-click on the selected cell.

Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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3. Select the Table properties option. The Table properties pane opens.

4. Click on the Cell category. It will show two options: Cell vertical alignment and Cell padding. The Cell vertical alignment option gives you three options: • Top: It aligns the text to the top edge of the cell.

• Middle: It aligns the text to the centre of the top and bottom edges of the cell. • Bottom: It aligns the text to the bottom edge of the cell. The Cell padding option allows you to adjust the space between the edges of the cell and the content of the cell. 5. Select the desired alignment option.

The text will appear in the selected vertical alignment.

Do It Yourself 3B 1

What is the difference between merging cells and splitting cells in a table? Merging Cells

Splitting Cells

What are borders in a table? How are they useful?

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Points to Remember 1

A table in Google Docs is a grid made up of rows and columns.

You can enter data in a table by clicking on a cell and typing the information.

Editing a table involves clicking on cells to make changes, such as modifying text or data.

You can change the appearance of a table by adjusting row heights, column widths, and adding borders.

Splitting cells allows you to divide a cell into smaller parts for better organisation.

Merging cells combines multiple selected cells into one large cell.

Border and shading can be applied to tables to enhance their visual appeal.

ext alignment determines how a text is positioned within a cell, including left, centre, right, or justified T alignment.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

rows

columns

grid

center

vertical

A table in Google Docs is like a

To create a table, select Insert → Table option and select the number of you need.

Row height is the a table.

Merging cells combines

The

adjacent

made up of rows and columns. and

distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in cells into one large cell. alignment option centres the text within a cell.

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

How do you start creating a table in Google Docs?

a Open a new email. b Click on the Insert menu. c Open Google Docs and click on the plus sign (+) or Blank. d Open a new browser tab. 2

What does splitting cells mean in the context of a table?

a Combining two or more cells into one larger cell. b Changing the font size of the text inside the cells. c Dividing a cell into smaller parts. d Adding a background colour to cells.

Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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What is the purpose of adding borders to the cells of a table?

a To make the table look bigger. b To make the text bold. c To make the table visually appealing and stand out. d To change the font style. 4

To combine two cells, which feature is used in Google Docs?

a Merging cells

b Splitting cells

c Both a and b

d None of these

How can you change the row height in a table to make it easier to read?

a By clicking on the table border. b By changing the background colour. c By adjusting the row height value in the Table properties pane. d None of these

C. Who Am I? 1

I am the menu in Google Docs that is used to change the table properties.

I am a vertical arrangement of cells or boxes that run from top to bottom.

I am the horizontal distance between the left and right borders of a column in a table.

I am like a dark outline around any text or picture that makes it look a little standout.

I determine whether your text lines up to the left, centre, or right in a table cell.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

The intersection of a row and a column is called a table.

Moving from one cell to another can be done using the Ctrl key on your keyboard.

You can set the horizontal alignment of the text by clicking on the Align button in the Toolbar.

You can’t change the appearance of a table by adding borders or shading.

The Justify option aligns the text in between left and right margins of the cells.

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E. Answer the Following. 1

What is a cell in a table?

What is the difference between rows and columns?

Write the two methods to open the Table properties pane.

Which option is used to change the type of border of a table?

Write the names of any three text alignments in Google Docs.

F. Apply Your Learning. 1

You receive an allowance of ₹1000. Create a table with two columns, one for how much money you will spend and one for how much you will save, and explain your choices.

You have Maths, Science and History homework. Create the table with three columns, one for each subject, and mark which one you will start with and why.

Create a table with two columns, one for destination ideas for a trip you want to go on with your family, and one for the activities you’d like to do on the trip.

Imagine you have three breakfast options: cereal, toast, and fruit. Create a table with two columns, one for the breakfast item and the other for the reason you would choose it.

Leena has a table listing various tasks for a project. She realises that some cells contain related subtasks that need to be grouped together. Which feature of Google Docs should she use to create a cleaner layout?

Chapter 3 • Tables in Google Docs

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Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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Mail Merge In the last chapter, you were planning a birthday party for your classmate, Sarah. You used tables in Google Docs to plan the party activities with their time and description. Imagine that you want to invite ten friends of Sarah’s to the party. You have already prepared the itinerary for the party in the last chapter. In this chapter, you will prepare an invitation with all the details of the party and then, send this invitation to all your friends. You have two ways to send this letter to everyone. You can either send a common letter without any personal touch, like their name or contact number, or you can send the same invitation to everyone with their name or contact number. Which do you think will be the better option? Sending the personalised invitation letters will be a better way. This can be achieved through a feature of Google Docs called Mail Merge.

Discuss!

What would be a better idea—writing an invitation by yourself or doing this job using Mail Merge?

Mail Merge is a tool in Google Docs that helps you send the same letter or document to many people. Mail Merge involves two documents: 1.

ain Document: The first file is the main document. In M our case, this will be the invitation.

atasource: The second document will contain the D information of the friends who are invited to the party. We will call this Document List of Friends. This list will be stored in a file, as a spreadsheet, with separate fields for each type of information.

When you use Mail Merge, it takes information from the Google Sheets and inserts it into the empty spaces in the letter, one by one, until all the letters are ready to be sent.

Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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Main Document The main document contains the text that is to be sent to all the recipients. In our case, we will refer to this document as Invite. This will remain the same in all the letters you send.

How to Create the Main Document In our case, this will be the invitation letter for Sarah’s birthday party which needs to be sent to ten of her friends. Let us prepare it. The steps to do this are as follows: 1.

Open Google Docs on your computer.

Click on the Blank button. This will open a blank document in which you can type the invitation.

Type a unique name in the Title bar for the document.

Click on the page and place your cursor where you want to start typing.

Type your message. 3

⇒

Sarah's 11th Birthday Party Date: September 18, 2023 Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon Venue: 5-A Classroom Dear * name* Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah. I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party. I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule. Please see if your phone number is correct: *phone no.* This will let me call you in case I need any help.

Time Activity Description Copy the itinerary table that we created in the last chapter and paste it in this document. This will be our Set up the party hall with balloons invite that we need to send to ten friends. Set up 9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. and decorative items.

10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m. – 12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Let us make this a memorable birthday for her.

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Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)

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Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m. – 12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Let us make this a memorable birthday for her. Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)

Datasource A datasource is the list of recipients to whom you want to send the invite. In this example, we have named it the List of Friends. The datasource contains the details of the recipients like name, address, phone number, etc., that will be used in your mail merge.

How to Create a Datasource In our example, the datasource will be the list of ten friends who will receive the invitation letter. Let us prepare the recipients list (invitee list) for Sarah’s birthday party. Follow these steps to do this: 1.

Open Google Chrome.

Type sheets.google.com in the address bar and press the Enter key.

Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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Click on the Blank button. This will open a blank sheet in which you can enter the list of ten friends.

Type a unique name in the Title bar. In this case, we have named the sheet List of Friends.

Type the name of the column headings in the first row of the sheet. In our case, this will be the Name, Contact no., Email ID.

Type in the details of ten friends in the respective columns, as already shown. 4

⇒

After you have you have entered the details of all ten friends, go back to the Invite in the Google Docs.

How to Add the List of Friends in the Invite Before adding the List of Friends in the invite, you need to add a Mail Merge extension in it. Follow the given steps to add the Mail Merge extension: 1.

Click on the Extensions menu from the menu bar.

Click on the Add-ons option.

Click on Get add-ons option.

1 2

The Google Workspace Marketplace dialog box will appear. Scroll down and look for the Mail Merge extension and click on it. If it is not visible, type ‘Mail Merge’ in the Search apps box.

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The information of the extension will appear. Click on the Install button.

The Get ready to install pop-up box will appear. Click on the CONTINUE button.

I t will ask for sign-in information. Click on the email registered with Google Docs.

I t will then ask for permission to access your Google account. Give permission by clicking on the Allow button. 6

Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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he installation process will start and within a few seconds, T Mail Merge extension will be installed. Click on the DONE button in the pop-up box.

10. The Google Workspace Marketplace dialog box will reappear with the Uninstall button. Close the Google Workspace Marketplace dialog box. After adding the Mail Merge extension, follow the given steps to merge the Invite and List of Friends: 9

Click on Extensions > Mail Merge > Start.

This will open the Mail Merge pane. Click on the Open Spreadsheet button.

You can also click on the Create Sheet button to create a sheet at this stage.

The Select a Spreadsheet File dialog box appears displaying a list of spreadsheets available on your Google Drive. Search for the spreadsheet you want to use for Mail Merge. In our case, it is the List of Friends. Click on the file to select the file.

Click on the Select button.

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In the Mail Merge pane, you will see the List of Friends is the name of the selected sheet, which is currently active for Mail Merge.

Think and Tell

What can be the recipient list if you are sending a report card through Mail Merge?

Do It Yourself 4A 1

Find these words in the word grid. List

Document

Mail Merge

Answer the following questions.

a What is the main document in Mail Merge?

b Name the menu used to add the Mail Merge extension.

Inserting Merge Fields Once you attach the Invite to the List of Friends, you can merge fields to personalise a document with information from the List of Friends. You need to insert fields that are stored in the Name and Contact no.

Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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columns from the List of Friends sheet into the Invite. A Merge Field is where you want to insert information from a spreadsheet document or datasource into a main document.

Explore More! You can also insert images in a Mail Merge.

The steps to insert merge fields are given below: 1.

lick on the drop-down arrow of the Sheet option to choose C a particular sheet in the Mail Merge pane. There may be many sheets in a Google Sheets file.

Click on the Merge Field drop-down arrow to select the field you want to use in your Invite.

lick on the Add button. Before this, you need to place the cursor C where you want to use that field in the Invite. For example, in our Invite, you want to write name in every letter after the word Dear. In the Invite, you will see the field name enclosed in *|fieldname|*. Your document Invite will look like the picture given below.

Similarly, add other fields also.

Sarah's 11th Birthday Party Date: September 18, 2023 Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon Venue: 5-A Classroom Dear * (name) * Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah. I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party. I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule. Please see if your phone number is correct: * (phone no.) * This will let me call you in case I need any help. Let us make this a memorable birthday for her. Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)

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5. Click on the Options button on the Mail Merge pane. The Options pop-up box will open. It will let you choose how you want to display your merged letters or emails. 6. Click on the Merge Letters Into drop-down list. This will allow you to choose how you want your letters to be merged: whether you want all the letters in a single document or if you prefer a separate file for every letter. 7. Select the Single document (merge all rows into a single file) option. 8. Click on the My Drive option. This will save the merged document to your drive. 9. Click on the Save button. It will save the document. 10. The Mail Merge pane will appear again. Click on the Show Email Settings button if you want to send the letters as emails. 11. Select the Letters option from the Merge to list box because we want to send our invites as letters.

12. Click on the Merge button. It will merge Invite with the List of Friends.

Did You Know?

With Mail Merge, you can send messages to anywhere between 400 and 1500 email recipients per day.

Think and Tell

How can Mail Merge help save paper and be more eco-friendly?

Viewing Merge Fields Viewing merge fields is simply to check whether the letter has been created with all the recipients on the list.

Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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Once you click the Merge button in the Mail Merge pane, a pop-up box will be displayed, prompting you to confirm the merging of the letters. Click on the Yes button.

pop-up box displaying that the merging process has started will A appear. Once the merge is completed, another pop-up indicating a successful merge will be displayed.

I n this pop-up box, you’ll see the document name where all merged letters are stored. Click on the blue link to access all the merged letters in that file.

This is how you can use Mail Merge in your documents. Like the letters, you can also create envelopes and emails.

Sarah's 11th Birthday Party Date: September 18, 2023 Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon Venue: 5-A Classroom Dear Raj Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah. I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party. I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule. Please see if your phone number is correct: 1234567890 This will let me call you in case I need any help.

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m. – 12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Let us make this a memorable birthday for her. Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)

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Printing Letters After merging the letters, you can take printouts of the letters. To take the printout of merged letters, follow the steps given below: 1. Open the Invite. 2. C lick on the Print icon on the Toolbar. The Print dialog box opens. Choose suitable options from the Print dialog box. 3. Click on the Print button to print the letters.

Time

Activity

Description

9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.

Set up

Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.

10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.

Snacks

Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.

11:00 a.m. – 12:00 Noon

Games

Friends can bond with each other during some games.

Discuss!

Share some real-life scenarios where you can use Mail Merge.

Do It Yourself 4B 1

Rearrange the steps of Mail Merge in the correct order (1–5). Prepare a list of friends.

Insert merge fields.

Print the letters.

View the letters.

Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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Prepare the invite.

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Write T for True and F for false.

a You can merge a letter for only five people at a time.

b After merging the letters in Google Docs, you can take a printout. c You cannot save the merged letters.

Points to Remember 1

ail Merge is a tool that can send a common letter to different recipients with personalised information M merged into it.

The two documents required for Mail Merge are the main document and the datasource.

The main document contains the text that will remain the same for all recipients.

he datasource contains details of the recipients like name, address, phone number, etc., that will be used T in your mail merge.

A datasource can be created using any spreadsheet application.

Fields from the datasource can be extracted and merged with the main document.

Using Mail Merge, you can create emails, letters, and envelopes.

ou have the option to either create a separate document for each letter or consolidate all the letters into Y a single document.

You can print all the letters with the personalised information included in them.

Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints

datasource

personalise

view

recipients

main document

Mail Merge is used to send the same letter to multiple

The

will remain the same for all the recipients.

shows all the records to be used in mail merge.

Fields can be merged to recipient list.

the main document with the information fetched from the

Before printing, you can

your letters to check the appearance of your document.

B. Tick () the Correct Option. 1

What is Mail Merge?

a Sending one letter to many people at a time. b Sending many personalised letters at once. c Writing a story with a pen. d Sending emails to one person at a time.

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What will you put in the datasource?

a List of your favourite games. b Details which will be merged with the letters. c Different documents from your computer. d List of your school subjects. 3

What are merge fields in Mail Merge?

a All fields of the datasource. b Information inserted from the datasource. c Information from the main document. d Sender names 4

What are the main steps of Mail Merge?

a Prepare the main document. b Prepare the datasource. c Insert merge field. d All of these. 5

You can view the merged fields

a by checking the main document only. b by checking the datasource only. c by checking the document which is created after merging. d by checking the main document before merging.

C. Who Am I? 1

I will help you to send the same personalised letter to different recipients.

I am the common document for all the recipients.

I am the document which will have the details about the recipients in it.

Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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I am a button in the Mail Merge pane that helps you to insert the merge field in the main document.

I am an icon in the Toolbar that allows you to take a hard copy of every letter.

D. Write T for True and F for False. 1

To add Mail Merge extension in Google Docs, click on the Extensions menu.

Insert Merge Fields is the step where you put your own name in the letter.

Before starting to merge the fields, you need to create a datasource.

You cannot use an already created datasource in a Mail Merge.

You can view all the letters in one document after merging.

E. Answer the Following. 1

What is the importance of Mail Merge?

What is a datasource? Why do we need it in the Mail Merge?

What is a main document?

What are the main steps to use Mail Merge?

What are the merge fields?

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F. Apply Your Learning. 1

Rita wants to invite her friends to a party. She wants to prepare a letter that can be sent to all her friends. What is the term for the document, that will contain the same content for each recipient?

Monika wants to prepare a list of her friends who will join her at a party. Where should she prepare that list so that it can be merged with the common letter?

Manan is organising a pool party for his friends. What would the merged fields be, so that every letter would have a personalised touch?

Jai has collected some jokes to share with his friends. He has created a list containing the email addresses of his friends. What do we call this list in the context of Mail Merge?

Pihu has created a document and she used Mail Merge to send it to all of her friends. She wants to send these letters as an email. Is it possible for her to do it? How?

Chapter 4 • Mail Merge Using Google Docs

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Web Development

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Introduction to HTML

The internet has become an inseparable part of our daily lives. We use the internet to visit various websites using a mobile phone, a laptop, or a computer. Have you ever thought how these websites are created? Websites are a collection of many web pages. We use various computer languages or technologies to create these web pages. HTML is one of the technologies that is used to create web pages of a website. This chapter will introduce you to HTML.

HTML HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It helps you to display colourful text, images, and attractive backgrounds to your web page.

</>

Did You Know? HTML was designed and released by Tim BernersLee in the year 1993.

Advantages of HTML Some advantages of HTML are:

Easy to learn and use: HTML is a simple and easy language to learn. • Platform-independent: HTML can create web pages that run on any device (computers, mobiles, and • tablets).

Helps to add graphics: HTML helps add video, image, and audio files to web pages. This feature enhances • the experience for website visitors.

Helps to create hyperlinks: Using HTML, you can link various web pages with each other. It allows users to • click text or images and navigate to various websites.

Disadvantages of HTML Some disadvantages of HTML are:

Lack of interactivity: It cannot be used to create dynamic web pages with features such as user input and • forms. However, you can enhance this capability with the use of Cascading Style Sheets, or CSS.

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Security concerns: HTML pages are vulnerable to security risks, such as SQL Injection and Cross-Site • Scripting.

Version dependence: New versions of HTML are regularly released as the language changes constantly. •

This implies that websites built using earlier HTML versions might not function properly with more recent browsers.

Do It Yourself 5A Write A for Advantage and D for Disadvantage. 1

Platform-independent

Security concerns

Easy to learn and use

Used to create hyperlinks

Lack of interactivity

Web Browsers A web browser is a software application that processes HTML and other web technologies to display web pages to users. When a user types any website address in the address bar of a web browser, the browser sends a request to the server asking for the HTML code of the specific web page. The browser then processes the HTML markup and displays the required web page. Some examples of web browsers are:

Google Chrome Google Chrome

Mozilla MozillaFirefox Firefox

Microsoft MicrosoftEdge Edge

Think and Tell What type of websites do you want to create using HTML?

Basic Structure of an HTML Document HTML documents contain two sections: Header section: It contains information about HTML documents, such as page title, HTML, and meta tags. Body section: It contains all the visible elements that will be displayed on the web page.

Chapter 5 • Introduction to HTML

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Did You Know? A URL is a website address. A URL is a group of letters and numbers that instructs your web browser where to look for the page you want to view.

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Designing Web Pages in HTML Basic steps for designing a web page in HTML are: 1 Open an editor: There are many editors that can be used to write HTML code such as Notepad, Notepad++, and TextEdit. You can use any of these to write your HTML code. 2 Write HTML code: Use the basics of HTML to write the code for your web page. There are many tags in HTML to help you add colourful text, images, and audio, in your web page. 3 Save file: After writing the complete HTML code, save the file as ‘file_name.html’, using the Save as option. 4 Open a browser and check the web page: Test the result of the HTML code by opening the HTML file using a web browser such as Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome.

Do It Yourself 5B Match the following.

Microsoft Edge

Google Chrome

Mozilla Firefox

Microsoft Edge Google Chrome

Google Chrome

Mozilla Firefox

Microsoft Edge Mozilla Firefox

Mozilla Firefox

Microsoft Edge

Structure of an HTML Document To create an HTML document, you need to know about a few essential elements. These elements are fundamental to creating a basic HTML document structure. Let us learn about them. <!Doctype html>: The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration is part of HTML5 and is used to indicate that you are using the HTML5 standard. It is not a tag in HTML; however, it is an important component of the HTML document. <html>: The <html> tag is the root element of an HTML document. This tag contains all other HTML elements and is the starting point for creating an HTML page. You can see this tag at the beginning of an HTML document. <head>: The <head> tag contains metadata (data about data) and other information about the HTML document. <title>: The <title> tag is written inside the <head> tag and is used to define the title of the HTML document, which appears in the browser title bar or tab. <body>: The <body> tag contains the main content of the web page, including text, images, links, and other elements visible to the user. Everything that you want to display on the web page such as headings, paragraphs, and lists is included in the <body> element.

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Here is an example of how these elements are used: <!Doctype html> <html> <head> <title>My Web Page</title> </head> <body> … … </body> </html> Note that the <html> element encloses the whole document, the <head> element contains metadata, the <title> sets the page title, and the <body> element holds the visible content.

Basic Terminologies in HTML Before you start writing your HTML code, you need to know about a few terms that you can use in your HTML code. Let us look at these one by one.

Tags A tag is a keyword that tells the browser how to display a piece of text or content. Tags are written in pairs, with an opening tag and a closing tag. The opening tag starts with < and ends with >, while the closing tag includes </ followed by the tag name and then >. Example: <p>, </p> <b>, </b>, <br>, etc., are the tags in HTML.

Elements An element is a building block of an HTML. This element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag. The content of the element can be text, other HTML elements, or a combination of both. Example: <title>…</title> is an element in an HTML document.

Attributes HTML attributes are the modifiers of HTML elements. They are the keywords that hold extra information about an element or a tag. An attribute is always placed in the opening tag of an element, and it provides additional styling (an attribute) to the element. Syntax: <tag attribute=”value”> …content of tag… </tag> Example: <font color= ‘’red’’> This is my first HTML document. </font> Now, let us learn more about the tags, their types, and some examples of the tags that are used to create an HTML document.

Chapter 5 • Introduction to HTML

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Types of Tags There are mainly two types of tags in HTML: Container tags and Empty tags. Container Tags: These tags consist of an opening tag as well as a closing tag. This start tag and end tag pair are known as the ON and OFF tags and are used to open and close the document. Syntax: <tag_name>.......</tag_name> Example: <B> tag is a container tag in HTML. Empty Tags: An empty tag is a tag without a closing tag. Syntax: <tag_name> Example: <img> tag is an empty tag in HTML.

Basic Tags in HTML The following are some tags used in HTML: Paragraph: The <p> tag in HTML is used to define a paragraph of text. This tag is one of the text formatting tags in HTML and is used for structuring and formatting text content on a web page. Syntax: <p>…</p> Example: Code

Output

<p>This is a paragraph</p>

This is a paragraph

Heading tags: These tags are used to create headings. The headings are used to arrange the contents of a web page so that the users can easily read and understand the content flow on the web page. There are six heading tags in HTML, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, and <h6> for various levels of headings. Syntax: <hn>…</hn>, where n can be any number from 1 to 6 Example: Code

Output

<h1>Heading 1</h1>

Heading 1

Bold: This tag is used to highlight an important text. The bold text is typically displayed in a darker font. Syntax: <b>…</b> Example: Code

Output

This text is bold.

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Italic: The italic tag is used to highlight specific words or phrases. The italic element is displayed as a slanted font. Syntax: <i>…</i> Example: Code

Output

<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>

This text is italic

Underline: This tag is used to indicate that the text between the opening and closing tags should be displayed with an underline. Syntax: <u>…</u> Example: Code

Output

<p>This is <u> important </u></p>

This is important

Line break: This tag is used to insert a new line into the text. The line break tag is also known as the <br> tag. Syntax: <br> Example: Code

Output

A Poem

<p>Be not afraid of greatness.<br> Some are born great,<br> some achieve greatness,<br> and others have greatness thrust upon them.</p>

Be not afraid of greatness. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them.

Horizontal Line: This tag is used to insert a horizontal line on a web page. The horizontal line element is used to create divisions on a web page. Syntax: <hr> Example: Code

Output

<p>A normal horizontal line:</p>

A normal horizontal line:

<hr> <p>A horizontal line with a height of 10 pixels:</p>

A horizontal line with a height of 10 pixels:

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Now, let us create a web page, using all the tags learnt in the chapter. Code

Output

<!DOCTYPE html>

Welcome to My Web Page

Introduction

This is a simple web page to demonstrate HTML tags.

</head> <body>

Let us do text formatting.

<h1>Welcome to My Web Page</h1>

This is bold text.

<h2>Introduction</h2>

This is underlined text.

<p>This is a simple web page to demonstrate HTML tags.</p> <h2>Let us do text formatting.</h2> <p>This is <b>bold</b> text.</p> <p>This is <u>underlined</u> text.</p> <p>This is <i>italic</i> text.</p>

This is italic text.

Line Breaks and Horizontal Rule This is a line of text. This is on a new line.

<h2>Line Breaks and Horizontal Rule</h2> <p>This is a line of text.<br>This is on a new line.</p> <hr> </body> </html>

Discuss

What is the difference between tags and elements?

Do It Yourself 5C Match the tags with their meanings. Tag

Meaning

Italics

Horizontal rule

Underline

Line break

Bold

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Chapter Checkup A

Fill in the Blanks. Hints

Text paragraph

Microsoft Edge

element

Tags are special lines or words of code in HTML, enclosed in

Attributes provide extra information about HTML

Some examples of web browsers are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and

The

The <p> tag is used for

angular brackets

<body>

. . .

tag contains the main content of the web page. .

Tick () the Correct Option. 1

What is HTML?

a A programming language

b A markup language

d A framework

A style sheet

Which of the following is a valid HTML tag?

a <p>

b <h1>

d All of these

<br>

3 What is the purpose of the <hr> tag? a To create a paragraph

b To create a division

d None of these

To create a link

What is an attribute?

a Starting point for creating an HTML page

b A piece of text that appears outside a tag

d None of these

Additional information that can be added to a tag

What is an element?

a A combination of a start tag, some content, and an end tag

b A piece of text that appears inside a tag

d None of these

A piece of text that appears outside a tag

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Who Am I? 1

I’m used to view web pages.

I’m a tag used to add a horizontal line in HTML.

I’m used to provide data about an HTML element.

I’m a markup language.

I’m a tag used to display the text in italic.

Write T for True and F for False. 1

HTML is a markup language for creating web pages.

Browsers such as Chrome and Firefox are used to display web pages.

HTML document is written using special syntax within square brackets.

The <b> tag is used to create line breaks in an HTML document.

The closing tag should have a closing bracket at the end.

Answer the Following. 1

What is HTML? Write its features.

What is a web browser?

Name the structural elements of HTML.

Differentiate between container tags and empty tags.

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Write the basic structure of an HTML document.

Apply Your Learning. 1 Shreya wants to underline text in the HTML code. What does she need to do?

2 Ekansh is wondering about the features of HTML. What will you tell him?

3 Anmol wants to divide his web page into several sections. Which tag can he use to do so?

4 Tanya wants to display each line of text in her web page as a new line. Which tag should she use to do so?

5 You are asked to create a web page on the topic ‘Renewable Energy Resources’. What basic tags will you make use of to make the web page visually appealing?

Chapter 5 • Introduction to HTML

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