CBSE_Hexa_G5_AY25-26

COMPUTER SCIENCE Hexa

One Byte at a Time

COMPUTER SCIENCE Hexa

5

Acknowledgements

Academic Authors: Jatinder Kaur, Ayushi Jain, Anuj Gupta, Simran Singh

Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish

Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh, Sakshi Gupta

Project Lead: Jatinder Kaur

VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar

All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

© Uolo EdTech Private Limited

First published 2025

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.

Book Title: Hexa Computer Science 5

ISBN: 978-81-979297-8-6

Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited

Corporate Office Address:

85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003

CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986

Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com

All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.

Preface

In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, computer science has become an essential field of study, shaping the world around us in countless ways. From the smartphones in our pockets to the vast networks that connect people across the globe, computer science drives innovation and progress in nearly every aspect of modern life. In today’s fast-paced digital world, understanding the basics of computer science is as important as learning to read, write, or solve maths problems.

Recognising this imperative, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum.

Inspired by these insights, Uolo has introduced a comprehensive program, Hexa, for grades 1 to 8, to empower young minds with the knowledge and skills they need to thrive in the digital age. From the basics of how computers function to the tools that shape our digital landscape, this series opens the door to a world of endless possibilities. This series will build a strong foundation, helping shape the next generation of digital citizens and innovators. It aims to demystify the world of computer science, making it accessible and engaging for young learners, while preparing them for future academic and professional pursuits in the field.

We believe that learning computer science should be an engaging and accessible experience for all children. This series takes a project-based approach, allowing students to learn by way of concurrently applying acquired knowledge and skills. As they progress through the course, they will build strong foundations in computational thinking, coding basics, and digital literacy. Our program focuses on three key areas:

1. Computer Science Fundamentals: Core concepts are introduced step by step, ensuring a solid grasp of how computers function, and how information is processed and stored.

2. Latest Computer Tools: Various computer tools relevant to today’s world are included, equipping students with the confidence to thrive in the digital age.

3. Introduction to Coding: The series offers an introductory look into coding, preparing students for more advanced learning in the future.

To broaden the learning process, we have included informational annexures on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its related fields, offering students an early insight into the groundbreaking technologies that are shaping our world. These sections aim to inspire curiosity and encourage a deeper exploration of computer science.

Our mission is to make computer science approachable and exciting for young learners. By providing early exposure, we aim not only to teach about computers but also to cultivate skills that will benefit students in their future endeavours.

We invite you to embark on this exciting journey with us through the world of computer science. Let us empower the next generation with the skills and the knowledge they need to thrive in a digital world.

The NEP Tags

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 outlines essential skills, values, dispositions, and learning approaches necessary for students to thrive in the 21st century. This textbook identifies and incorporates these elements throughout its content, activities, and exercises. Referred to as “NEP Tags”, they are defined as follows:

INTEGRATED

Art Integration

Bringing creativity and fun into learning by combining music, drama, and art with other subjects

Sports Integration

Using games and sports in daily life to enrich computer-related activities

Holistic & Integrated Learning

Cross-curricular linkages to make the learning experience more holistic, joyful and meaningful

Critical Thinking

Coding opportunities to apply higher-order skills like algorithmic and computational thinking, and problem-solving

SDG

Hands-on Activity

Step-by-step activities to enable learners put theoretical knowledge into practice

Sustainable Development Goals

Applied computer science activities related to real-world issues and sustainable development

SEL Social Emotional Learning

Developing the skills to understand and manage emotions, build positive relationships with others and make responsible choices

GAMES

1

ISP

An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet, often for a fees. Some examples of ISPs are BSNL, Airtel, Jio, and Excitel.

To draw a circle, press and hold down Did You Know?

Communication Media

Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types. 1.

DSL

DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.

Project-based Learning: A project-based learning approach employed to foster an engaging and interactive learning experience

2. Cable

Cable is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.

3. Fibre

NEP Tags: To show alignment with NEP skills and values

2

Fibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, the internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.

Chapter Checkup

Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question, related to the concept, that arouses curiosity

Discuss!

Now think of the fan speed knob, or regulator, on the switchboard. It changes the speed at which the fan spins, instead of just switching it on or off. We can have the fan spin at the fastest speed, reduce it to a slower speed, then much slower, and finally switch it off. We can do more things with the regulator than the switch. That is how analog signal works.

Find out which type of internet connection your house or school has.

3. After selecting it, go to the main drawing area.

e  I hold all the blocks for a block category.

A Fill in the blanks.

Did You Know: Interesting facts related to the topic

Did You Know?

India has the second-largest internet user base in the world, with over 70 crore users.

3

Think and Tell

Can you think of more examples of analog and digital signals?

Hints menu bar  untitled  backdrop  blocks  create

ISP

An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet, often for a fees. Some examples of ISPs are BSNL, Airtel, Jio, and Excitel.

1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.

Do It Yourself: Short exercises between the chapter to pause and assess comprehension

2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click

4. Hold the left mouse button, move the pointer and then release the button. You will see that a triangle has been drawn. In the same way, we can draw many shapes in Paint.

Communication Media

Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types.

3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is .

1. DSL

4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the

DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.

2. Cable

5 The background of the stage is called the .

F Apply your learning.

Think and Tell: Analysis, reflection, and text-to-self connection based prompts for discussion in class AI Annexures: To offer a basic understanding of specific domains of Artificial Intelligence

Cable is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.

e  I hold all the blocks for a block category.

Artificial Intelligence

3. Fibre

A Fill in the blanks.

Hints menu bar  untitled  backdrop  blocks  create

Artificial Intelligence

Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy

AI can help in schools with learning. Artificial Intelligence, or AI, helps computers think. It can learn like people do.It learns new things all the time. AI is very smart. It will keep changing

Apply Your Learning: Intellectually stimulating questions designed for higher order thinking and analysis

Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills

A. Fill in the blanks.

1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.

Chapter Checkup

2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click

1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use?

Fibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, the internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.

e  I hold all the blocks for a block category. A Fill in the blanks.

3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is

4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the

Hints menu bar  untitled  backdrop  blocks  create

5 The background of the stage is called the F Apply your learning.

Chapter 4 • Browsing the Internet

1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.

Find out which type of internet connection your house or school has.

1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use? Chapter Checkup

2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click

3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is

4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the

AI can play games with you.

Test Paper (Based on Chapters 1 to 4)

5 The background of the stage is called the F Apply your learning.

1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use?

Test Paper (Based on Chapters 1 to 4)

1 In Scratch, the blocks you put together in the script area are called a

A. Fill in the blanks.

1 In Scratch, the blocks you put together in the script area are called a

2 The is the background of the stage.

2 The is the background of the stage.

1 The Journey of Computers ................. 1

• History of Computers

• Generations of Computers

• Characteristics of Computers

• Limitations of Computers

2 Communicating Online .................... 11

• Internet

• Ways to Connect to the Internet

• Browsing the Internet

• Communication over the Internet

• Electronic Mail

• Netiquette

3 Working with Tables in Word Processor ........................................... 26

• Creating a Table

• Entering Data in a Table

• Editing a Table

• Formatting a Table

4 Themes and Layouts in Presentations .................................... 40

• Introduction to Presentations

• Creating a Presentation Using Google Slides

• Applying and Modifying Themes

• Applying Layouts

• Inserting Tables, Charts, and Diagrams

• Working with Master Slide 5 Animations and Transitions in Presentations .................................... 58

• Applying Animations

• Applying Transition

• Adding Audio and Video

with Spreadsheets ............. 69

• Introduction to Google Sheets

• Components of Google Sheets Window

• Moving Around in a Spreadsheet

• Entering Data

• Saving and Closing a Sheet

• Opening a Sheet

Introduction to Scratch 3.0 .............. 81

• Coding

• Scratch 3.0

• Starting Scratch 3.0

• Project: Quiz Master

• Adding a Sprite

• Duplicating a Sprite

• Adding Backdrops

Using Operators, Sensing, and Control Blocks ................................... 96

• Sensing Blocks • Operators Block • Control Blocks 9 Variable and Looks Blocks ............. 106

• Project: Quiz Master

• Variable Blocks • Looks Block

The Journey of Computers 1

History of Computers

Computers have become an integral part of our lives. They help us in almost every sphere of life these days. We cannot even imagine a world without computers. Have you ever wondered how people were managing without computers before their invention?

Let us learn about some early-age devices and the history of computers and how they have evolved from slow, bulky, and room-sized machines to fast, smart, and sleek gadgets.

1. Abacus:

a. Abacus is one of the earliest counting devices.

b. It is a wooden frame divided into two parts.

c. Both the parts have rods on which the beads move and are used for basic mathematical calculations.

2. Napier’s Bones:

a. It is a manually-operated calculating device developed by John Napier in 1617.

b. In this calculating tool, he used nine different ivory strips or bones marked with numbers to multiply and divide.

3. Pascaline:

a. Pascaline, also called the Arithmetic Machine or Adding Machine, is considered one of the first mechanical and automatic calculator.

b. It was invented between 1642 and 1644 by the French mathematician and philosopher, Blaise Pascal.

c. It can perform only addition and subtraction.

4. Stepped Reckoner or Leibniz Wheel:

a. Leibniz, a German mathematician and philosopher, created the Stepped Reckoner in 1673, improving upon earlier mechanical calculators.

b. It is a digital mechanical calculator that uses a stepped drum (also known as the Leibniz wheel) to represent numbers.

c. Leibniz’s machine helped us see that machines could do maths automatically, which eventually contributed to the development of modern computers.

5. Difference Engine and Analytical Engine:

a. Charles Babbage designed both engines and is known as the ‘Father of Modern Computers’.

b. The Difference Engine performs simple calculations, whereas the Analytical Engine uses punch cards for input. A punch card is a piece of card that stores digital data using punched holes.

6. Tabulating Machine:

a. It was invented by an American statistician Herman Hollerith in 1890.

b. This electromechanical machine was developed to help in processing data stored on punch cards.

7. Differential Analyzer:

a. It is the first electronic computer invented in the United States in 1930.

b. This analog device, invented by Vannevar Bush, could perform 25 calculations in a few minutes.

8. Mark I:

a. In 1937, Howard Aiken thought of the idea of a machine to handle large-scale calculations.

b. In 1944, IBM and Harvard collaborated to build the Mark I computer.

9. ENIAC:

a. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was one of the first programmable, general-purpose, electronic digital computers. It was built in 1945 by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.

b. It was massive and superfast for its time, like a giant calculator with lots of tubes and wires.

c. It helped with important tasks like calculating for the military, predicting the weather, and studying science.

d. ENIAC started the era of modern computers, demonstrating their ability and inspiring the development of improved, smaller, and more efficient machines.

10. UNIVAC:

Did You Know?

ENIAC weighed more than 27 tons and took up 1,800 square feet space.

a. After ENIAC, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert developed the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) and delivered it to the Census Bureau on March 31, 1951. It is one of the earliest commercial computers.

b. It replaced the punch card accounting machines. It was the fastest machine developed in its time.

c. It helped with research-level calculation in universities, and helped make office calculations automatic.

Explore More!

Learn more about ENIAC, the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer.

Generations of Computers

Generations of computers mean the various stages of advancement in computer technology. These generations are usually categorised into five main phases:

1. First Generation Computers (1946–59):

a. These early computers used vacuum tubes, which consisted of thin filaments, that caused the computers to heat up a lot.

b. They had limited memory, so they could not store much information.

c. These computers were huge, costly, slow, and not very reliable. They required a lot of maintenance.

d. People programmed them using machine language assembly language, both of which were quite complex.

e. Famous first generation computers include ENIAC and UNIVAC.

2. Second Generation Computers (1959–65):

a. These computers were relatively smaller because they used tiny transistors instead of bulky vacuum tubes.

b. These computers were faster and cheaper, making them more efficient.

c. They stored information using magnetic core memory.

d. People used punched cards for input and got results on paper or magnetic tapes.

e. These computers used assembly languages for programming and could work on data in organised batches.

f. Famous computers from this time were the CDC 3600 and IBM 7090.

3. Third Generation Computers (1965–71):

a. The third generation computers used integrated circuits (ICs). They are also known as silicon chips or microchips. They were used widely. Integrated circuits are circuits of many electronic components together on a chip. This dramatically reduced the size of computers.

b. The ICs in this generation used small scale integration (SSI) and medium scale integration (MSI) technologies.

c. They used a variety of memory technologies, including core memory (from the previous generation) and emerging options like semiconductor memory, which offered faster access times and potentially higher capacity.

d. Keyboards and friendlier interfaces were introduced for users which helped them interact with the computers.

e. Programming languages like Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL), Formula Translation (FORTRAN), and Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) made it easier to write software for these machines.

f. These computers were smaller, but they were still expensive. IBM’s System/360 and DEC’s PDP-11 were popular models during this time.

4. Fourth Generation Computers (1971–80):

a. Fourth generation computers used integrated circuits with VLSI technology. VLSI stands for Very Large-scale Integration, which means almost up to 1,00,000 electronic components are present on a single small chip. This chip is also known as a microprocessor.

b. They use the faster and more reliable Random Access Memory (RAM) instead of the older magnetic core memory.

c. Input devices like keyboards and mouses are used to interact with these computers. For output, they have monitors and printers.

d. High-level programming languages like C, Pascal, and FORTRAN are used to write software for these computers.

e. Fourth-generation computers are faster, smaller, and cheaper than their predecessors. Some popular names from this era include IBM PC, HP 9000 Series, and DEC 10.

5. Fifth Generation Computers (1980–current):

a. Fifth generation computers use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) as their main technologies, which are still under development.

b. They have advanced memory to store and handle large amounts of data effectively.

c. Input and output methods include voice recognition, gesture control, augmented reality, virtual reality, and brain-computer interfaces.

d. Popular programming languages like Python, R, and Julia are used to create AI and ML programs.

Did You Know?

Even though the first modern computer was huge, it could perform only four tasks: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Do It Yourself 1A

Match the generation of computers with their technology.

Column A

Column B

First Generation Computers Integrated circuits (SSI, MSI)

Second Generation Computers Integrated circuits (VLSI)

Third Generation Computers Artificial Intelligence

Fourth Generation Computers Transistors

Fifth Generation Computers Vacuum tubes

Characteristics of Computers

Let us learn about different characteristics of a computer.

1. Speed: Computers are super-fast at doing things. They can do lots of calculations and tasks in just a fraction of a second, way faster than humans can.

2. Accuracy: Computers are good at being accurate. They do not make mistakes like humans, who might get tired or rushed.

3. Storage: Computers have vast memories. They can store large amounts of data, including pictures, documents, videos, and much more.

4. Automatic: Computers can do things on their own, following the instructions they have been given.

5. Multitasking: Computers can work on various tasks at the same time. Just like you can read a book while listening to music, a computer can run a game while also performing calculations.

6. Communication: With the help of computers, you can connect and communicate with other people using the internet.

Explore More!

Using the latest technology, you can make and receive phone calls by connecting your phone to a computer.

Limitations

of Computers

Computers are incredibly powerful and versatile machines, but they also have several limitations. Here are some of the key limitations of computers:

1. Computers cannot think like humans: Computers are designed and controlled by humans. Even when they seem to operate independently, it is because humans have programmed them to do so.

2. Maintenance: Computers need regular maintenance and timely updates for their proper functioning.

3. Lack of emotional intelligence: While humans experience a range of emotions like happiness, sadness, and excitement, computers lack emotional intelligence and empathy. This limits their applications in fields that require emotional understanding, such as counselling and therapy.

Do It Yourself 1B

Write T for True and F for False.

1  Computers are faster than humans at performing calculations and tasks.

2  Communication with other people using the internet cannot be done through computers.

3  Computers can work on multiple tasks simultaneously.

4  Computers can experience and express human emotions like happiness and sadness.

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the blanks.

Hints ENIAC    vacuum tubes   artificial intelligence   integrated circuits   abacus is one of the earliest counting devices.

The first programmable electronic digital computer, often considered the beginning of modern computing, was called .

The first generation of computers, from 1946 to 1959, used .

The third generation of computers introduced , which significantly reduced the size of computers.

Fifth-generation computers use and have advanced memory for handling large data sets.

B. Tick () the correct option.

What type of memory did second generation computers use for storage?

a  Magnetic core memory b  RAM

c  Magnetic drum memory d  Punch cards

In which generation of computers were integrated circuits (ICs) introduced instead of transistors?

a  Second generation b  Third generation

Which programming language is NOT associated with the third generation of computers?

a  Python

c  FORTRAN

b  COBOL

d  BASIC

Which computer inventor is often referred to as the ‘Father of Modern Computers’?

a  Charles Babbage

c  Blaise Pascal

b  John Napier

d  Vannevar Bush

Which characteristic of computers allows them to perform multiple tasks simultaneously?

a  Memory

b  Automation c  Speed d  Multitasking

C. Who am I?

I am the one who designed two significant machines, the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine.

I am the generation of computers characterised by large size, slow speed, and use of vacuum tubes for computation.

I am a machine, invented between 1642 and 1644 by the French mathematician-philosopher Blaise Pascal, and am capable of performing addition and subtraction operations.

I am a German mathematician known for inventing the Leibniz Wheel, a digital mechanical calculator.

I am one of the first electronic computers ever made in 1945, and I helped with important tasks like military calculations, weather prediction, and scientific research.

D. Write T for True and F for False.

The Tabulating machine was invented by American statistician Herman Hollerith.

A punched card is an input device.

Fifth generation computers use AI.

Computers require regular maintenance and updates to ensure that they function properly.

Computers have emotional intelligence and empathy.

E. Answer the

questions.

F. Apply your learning.

Sree lived a long time ago, way before computers were invented. Name some devices that he could have used for faster calculations.

Ravi found something to help him with multiplication and division. It is not a modern calculator, and it has ‘bones’. What do you think it can be?

Tanya had a digital-mechanical calculator that uses a stepped drum to represent numbers. Tell Tanya the name of the inventor of this wooden rack and what it is called.

Archi discovered that computers have a big closet where all their important data can be kept. Can you let Archi know what this closet is called?

Ram thought about a computer that could do many things at once. It is like a clever friend who can solve maths problems while also having fun playing a game. What do you call this characteristic of a computer?

Communicating Online 2

It is the time of summer vacations. Riya and all her friends are visiting different places during their vacations. They are discussing their experiences over a video call. Do you know what makes them connect over a video call?

Yes! The internet. You have learnt the basics of the internet in the previous class. Now, let us learn more about the internet in this chapter.

Internet

The internet is a huge network of millions of computers connected worldwide. It allows communication and the sharing of information.

The internet is now an integral part of our daily lives. We cannot imagine doing any task without using the internet. Whether it is studying, shopping, banking, or communication, we rely on the internet for various task.

Let us learn about some uses of the internet.

Uses of the Internet

Some of the important uses of the internet are:

1. Online shopping: You can buy toys, clothes, and many other things online, all from the comfort of your home. Apps like Amazon, Flipkart, and Myntra make it easy to buy things with just a click.

2. Cashless payment: You can use apps like Paytm, Google Pay, or credit and debit cards to pay for things online. These transactions, known as cashless payments, are becoming increasingly popular.

3. Online learning: The internet allows you to discover new information from all over the world, making it possible to learn about a wide range of topics anytime and anywhere.

4. Online communication: Using the internet, you can talk to your friends, see their pictures and videos, and share a lot of data with them. There are some applications, like Facebook, Instagram, and more, that make this possible.

5. Entertainment: The internet offers you plenty of entertainment options. You can enjoy videos, play games, and listen to your favourite songs. Additionally, you can download films, games, and music. Apps like Netflix, Hotstar, and YouTube provide access to a wide range of video content as well.

Did You Know?

The internet is so massive that no one knows exactly how many websites are on it. The first website on the internet was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee.

1 Match the following.

2 Write the name of one application that helps you do the following:

a  Online shopping

b  Entertainment

c  Online communication

Ways to Connect to the Internet

There are several ways to connect to the internet. Here are some common methods:

1. Wired connection (using cables): This method uses copper or fibre-optic cables to transmit data. Wired connections are known for their reliability and speed. They are commonly used in homes and businesses where stable, high-speed internet access is required. These connections are also known as broadband connections.

2. Wireless connection (using signals): Wireless connections use radio waves to transmit data between devices and a router. This method is highly convenient, as it eliminates the need for physical cables. Wi-Fi is one of the most commonly used wireless connections.

3. Cellular connection (like a mobile phone): Cellular connections rely on mobile networks and cell towers to provide internet access. They are widely used for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. These devices have data limitations and varying speeds based on network coverage.

4. Satellite: Satellite internet relies on communication satellites in orbit to provide internet access, especially in remote or rural areas where other forms of internet connectivity may not be readily available. It may have a slightly longer delay compared to other methods.

5. Dial-up: Dial-up is an old and slow way to get on the internet. It worked using a regular phone line. However, it is no longer suitable for today’s internet requirements due to its slow speed. Most people now use faster internet connections, like broadband.

Think and Tell

What are some other ways to connect to the internet?

Browsing the Internet

Browsing the internet refers to using a web browser to search for and access information on the World Wide Web (WWW), which is a part of the internet.

There are many different web browsers, but some of the most common ones include Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera.

Explore More!

To see how you can check your browsing history on a Wi-Fi connection, scan the given QR code.

Name the following.

1 An application that helps you browse the internet.

2 The type of connection that uses copper or fibre optic cables to transmit data.

3 The type of network that uses mobile networks and cell towers to provide internet access.

Communication over the Internet

In the previous section, you have learnt the capabilities of the internet across various fields. A major use of the internet in today’s life style is online communication.

There are many ways using which you can communicate online. Let us explore some of these methods and applications.

Email

Email (electronic mail) is one of the oldest and most widely used forms of online communication. It allows users to send text messages, attachments, and multimedia to one or more recipients over the internet.

Features of Email

• It is widely used for personal and professional communication.

• Users can send files, images, and other documents.

• Examples of websites providing email services are Gmail, Outlook, Rediffmail, etc.

Messaging Apps

Messaging apps offer real-time communication through text messages, voice calls, and even video conferencing. It is also called instant messaging (IM). It is often used for quick, informal conversations.

Features

of Messaging Apps

• Multiple users can participate in the same conversation using group chats.

• Users can send images, documents, and other files using IM apps.

• Some IM services also support voice and video communication.

• Popular examples of messaging apps include WhatsApp, Telegram, and Signal.

Video Conferencing

Video conferencing allows multiple participants to engage in live video and audio communication. It is widely used for virtual meetings, webinars, and online classes.

Features of Video Conferencing

• It is used to conduct meetings with colleagues working from different locations.

• It facilitates online learning with live video interactions between teachers and students.

• Users can present their screen to other participants and record meetings as well.

• Some common video conferencing platforms are Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, and Zoom.

Social Media

Social media platforms enable users to interact with other users using the same platform. They can create and share content with other users also. Social media platforms are used for personal communication, networking, and content sharing.

Features of Social Media

• Users can share text, photos, and videos to keep their network informed about their life.

• They can join groups and communities based on their interests.

• They can leave comments and participate in conversations on posts.

• Some examples of social media platforms are Facebook, Instagram, and X (formerly known as Twitter).

Blogging and Microblogging

Blogging platforms allow users to create and maintain blogs, which are regularly updated with content such as articles, photos, and videos, such as travel blogs, restaurant blogs, and so on. Microblogging platforms enable users to share short updates.

Features of Blogging and Microblogging

• Users can write and publish blog posts. The authors or creators of blogs are called bloggers.

• They can add images, videos, and other media to their posts allowing for a personalised look and feel.

• Readers of blogs can leave comments on posts.

• Examples of blogging websites include WordPress and Tumblr.

Twitter, or X, can be considered both a microblogging site and a social media platform. It allows for microblogging by facilitating the creation and sharing of short posts, and it also functions as a social media platform by offering features for social interaction and community building. Did You Know?

Online Forums

Forums are online discussion boards where users can post messages and engage in conversations on various topics. These portals focus on specific interests or communities. They provide a platform for users to ask questions, share knowledge, and engage in discussions.

Features of Online Forums

• Users seek information or advice from experts or fellow users.

• Anyone can answer questions and contribute their expertise to the community.

• Users can debate ideas and participate in ongoing conversations on various topics.

• Some examples include Reddit and Quora.

Match the communication technology with its corresponding feature.

Column A

Column B

Email Real-time chat

Video Conferencing

Sending and receiving messages

Instant Messaging Voice and video calls

Social Media Writing and publishing blog posts Blogging Creating profiles and sharing updates

Electronic Mail

You have learnt in the previous section that electronic mail, or email, is used to send and receive messages over the internet. Emails are sent and received instantly, making them a much quicker alternative to traditional mail. Let us learn how to create an email account using Gmail.

Setting up Your Gmail Account

Gmail is a free and popular email service offered by Google. Follow the given steps to create a Gmail account:

• Visit the link: https://accounts.google.com/

• The following screen appears:

• Click on the Create account button, and select the ‘For my personal use’ option from the list of options.

• On the following screens, you need to fill in your first name and last name, your date of birth, and your gender.

• Then you will be asked to select a username for your email ID.

• Select a relevant username. If the username that you have selected is already taken, then you can either select from the alternatives shown by Google or create your own.

• After that, you will be asked to create a strong password. Be sure to create a password by using a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols.

• Now, you will be asked to provide your phone number. You can enter your parents’ mobile number to receive a verification code.

• Enter the verification code to view Gmail’s ‘Privacy and Terms’. Scroll down the page to read the terms and conditions.

• After reading the terms and conditions, click on the I agree button. Your Google account will be created and the home page will open.

• Now, click on the Google Apps icon present on the top right-hand corner of the screen (represented by nine dots) and select the Gmail option.

• Your Gmail Inbox will open. All the messages received are displayed in the inbox of the Gmail account.

• Now, you can use your Gmail account to send or receive emails.

Sending an Email

To send an email:

• Click on the Compose button present in the left-hand panel of your Gmail interface.

• The New Message window opens.

• Let us understand the various components of the New Message window before writing a message.

 To: This field is where you enter the email address of the person you want to send the email to. That person is referred to as the recipient of the email.

 Subject: To let the recipient know about the subject of your email, you need to provide a brief description of the email’s topic.

 Cc: The full form of Cc is Carbon Copy. If you want to send the same email to another person, then you can click on the Cc option and enter the email ID of the other person. In this case, all the recipients can see to whom you have sent the same message.

 Bcc: Bcc stands for Blind Carbon Copy. It allows you to send the same message to multiple people without revealing their email addresses to each other. In this case, every recipient will get the message but will not be able to know who the other recipient of the same message are.

 Message area: This is where you type your message.

 Send: After typing your message, click on the Send button. Make sure to check the Cc, Bcc, and Subject fields once again before sending the message.

 Attachment: If you want to send a file (image, text, or any document type) along with your message, then you can click on the Attachment icon, represented by a paper clip, and select the relevant file to be sent.

Netiquette

Netiquette, shortform for Internet etiquette, refers to a set of guidelines and rules for polite and respectful behaviour when communicating online. Practising good netiquette is essential for a positive and productive online environment.

Here are some important netiquette principles for the internet users:

1. Be kind and respectful: Treat others on the internet the way you want to be treated. Don’t say bad things or be a bully.

2. Use good language: Don’t use bad words or rude language when you are chatting or leaving comments. Use words that are nice and friendly.

3. Do not share personal information: Never give out your full name, address, phone number, or other private details online. Keep your personal information safe.

4. Be careful with what you post: Think before you post pictures, videos, or messages. Make sure they are safe and don’t hurt anyone’s feelings.

5. Respect other people’s privacy: Do not go through someone’s personal content or spill others’ secrets.

6. Be careful while using emojis: Emojis are a fun and expressive way to communicate, but it is important to use them carefully and considerately. Emojis may be more appropriate in casual conversations with friends than in formal business emails.

7. Do not spam: Spamming means sending the same message over and over again. It is annoying. Hence, do not do it.

8. Do not shout: Writing in all capital letters is like shouting when talking to someone online. Use lowercase letters most of the time.

Do It Yourself 2D

Give a term for the following:

1 A person to whom the email is sent.

2 An option used to send the same email to multiple email ids.

3 A set of guidelines to know how to behave online.

4 Process of sending the same message over and over again.

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the blanks.

1 The internet connects millions of worldwide.

2 You can use to buy toys, clothes, and many other things online.

3 allows you to send text messages and multimedia to one or more recipients over the internet.

4 is a wireless connection method that uses radio waves.

5 is a set of guidelines for polite behaviour online.

B. Select () the correct option.

1 Which app is used for online learning?

a Amazon b Paytm

c Google Classroom d Netflix

2 Which type of internet connection uses cell towers?

a Wired b Cellular

c Satellite d Dial-up

3 What does the Bcc field in an email stand for?

a Blind Carbon Copy b Blind Customer Copy

c Broad Carbon Copy

4 Which app is known for video streaming?

a Paytm

c Netflix

5 What is the main purpose of using a web browser?

a To send emails

c To play games

d Basic Customer Copy

b Flipkart

d Telegram

b To browse the internet

d To make video calls

C. Who am I?

1 I am a service that allows you to buy things online.

2 I am a field in an email where recipients cannot see each other’s addresses.

3 I am a wireless connection method using radio waves.

4 I am a platform for sharing short updates.

5 I am a set of guidelines for polite online behaviour.

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1 Wi-Fi uses cables to transmit data.

2 Gmail is a free email service provided by Google.

3 Messaging apps can only send text messages.

4 Spamming means sending the same message over and over again.

5 Writing in all capital letters is considered polite online behaviour.

E. Answer the following questions.

1 What is the internet?

2 Name two popular apps for online shopping.

3 What is the difference between Cc and Bcc in an email?

4 Name two popular video conferencing apps.

5 Why is netiquette important?

F. Apply your learning.

1 You want to send a picture to your friend using email. Which feature will you use?

2 Raima needs to attend an online class with live video interaction. Which method will she use?

3 Sneha’s friend sent her an email but also copied another person in it. Which email field shows this information?

4 Shailja wants to post a picture and share it with her friends online. Which platform can she use?

5 Lovey wants to ask a question and get advice from other internet users. Which platform should she use?

Creating a Table Working with Tables in Word Processor 3

Imagine you are working on a social science project where you need to gather some data for different countries all around the world.

You need to collect data about which continent the country belongs to, what the capital of the country is, and which currency is used there.

After collecting the data, you can put this data in a table to represent it in a better way.

Let us create a table in Google Docs to record these values.

Google Docs allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating with other users in real time.

Table: A table is a structured set of data arranged in rows and columns.

Row: A row is a horizontal line of data in a table.

Column: A column is a vertical line of data in a table.

Cell: A cell is the intersection of a row and a column in a table.

Steps to create a table:

1. Open Google Docs.

2. Click on the big plus sign (+) or Blank option to create a new document.

3. Click on the Insert menu from the menu bar.

4. Select the Table option from the drop-down list that appears.

5. Select the number of rows and columns from the Table templates grid. Here, we are creating a table with 5 columns and 8 rows.

Your table is created in the document.

Did You Know?

Google Docs tables are great for creating organised lists with checkboxes, making to-do lists, and so on.

Entering Data in a Table

To enter data in a table, follow these steps:

1. Click on the first cell in the table.

2. Start typing the names of the columns, like Continent, Country, Capital, Currency, and Language.

3. Use Tab key to move to the next cell in the table and Shift + Tab to move to the previous cell.

4. In the second row, write the time of the continent under the Continent column, name of the country under the Country column, and so on.

Similarly, enter the details of other continents and the countries.

Editing a Table

Editing a table means making some modifications to the table structure or changing the data in it. If you want to update some information, you can edit the table by following the steps given below:

1. For example, if you want to change the currency of Antarctica to the American Dollar, you can locate the cell under the Currency column in the corresponding row.

2. Locate the cell, then click on it to edit the currency as necessary.

Currently, the currency cell for Antarctica is labelled as ‘Not Applicable’. You can change it to ‘American Dollar’.

Did You Know?

Just like you can add comments on the text in Google Docs, you can also add comments on the cells in a table.

Do It Yourself 3A

1 Plan your birthday party games! Create a table with two columns (Game Name and Players Needed) and list three games you want to play with the number of players for each game.

2 Answer the following questions.

a  Write the shortcut key to move to the next cell in a table.

b  Write the shortcut key to move to the previous cell in a table.

Formatting a Table

When you write something on a computer or on paper, you can change the way it looks to make it easier or more interesting to read.

Formatting means to change the overall appearance of a table.

Changing Row Height

To make your table look even better, you can change the height of the rows to make things easier to read and more organised.

A row is a horizontal line of data in a table.

Row height is the vertical distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table.

To change the height of rows, follow the steps given below:

1. Right-click in the row that you want to make taller or shorter. A context menu will appear.

2. Select the Table properties option.

3. In the Table properties pane, click on the Row category.

4. Select the Minimum row height check box.

5. Adjust the row height value to change the row’s height. The row height will be changed as shown in the image.

You can also open the Table properties pane by selecting the Format → Table → Table properties option from the menu bar.

You can sort data in Google Docs tables by selecting a column and using the ascending (A to Z) or descending (Z to A) sorting options in the toolbar. Did You Know?

Changing Column Width

A column is a vertical arrangement of cells or boxes that run from top to bottom.

Column width is the horizontal distance between the left and right borders of a column in a table.

The column width can be changed using the following steps:

1. Right-click on the column that you want to make wider or narrower.

2. Select the Table properties option from the context menu that appears.

3. In the Table properties pane, click on the Column category.

4. Adjust the column width value to make the column wider or narrower. The column width will be changed as shown in the image.

Splitting Cells

Splitting cells in a table can help you separate and categorise information in a clear and structured way.

For example, you can split up the Currency column into two cells, one cell to contain the name of the currency and the other cell to contain the abbreviation used for it.

Steps to split cells are as follows:

1. Right-click on the cell that you want to split into smaller parts.

2. A context menu will appear.

3. Select the Split cell option.

4. The Split cell dialog box will appear, asking you to specify how many rows and columns you want to divide the cell into. Enter the number of rows and columns based on how you want to organise your information.

5. Click on the Split button to confirm your choices and split the selected cell. The cell will be divided into smaller cells based on your specifications.

6. Type the desired information in the split cells.

Merging Cells

Merging cells in a table can help you combine information and create headings, improving the clarity and organisation of the table.

Merging cells is combining two or more cells in a table to create a single, larger cell.

Steps to merge the cells are as follows:

1. To merge cells, first select the cells you want to combine. You can do this by clicking and dragging over the cells.

2. Once the cells are selected, right-click on them.

3. In the menu that pops up, click on the Merge cells option.

4. The selected cells will become one big cell. When two cells are merged, the text written in both cells is also merged. You can change the text according to your requirement.

Adding Rows and Columns to a Table

After creating a table, you can add more rows and columns to it by following the steps:

1. Right-click in the cell where you want to add a row/column. The context menu that appears allows you to add a column to the left or right of the selected cell. Similarly, it also has options to add a row above or below the selected cell.

2. Select the Insert row below option.

A row will be inserted. Similarly, you can add a column by selecting the Insert column left/Insert column right option.

Deleting Rows and Columns from a Table

Sometimes, you may need to delete a row/column from a table. You can delete a row/ column from a table by following the given steps:

1. Select the row/column you want to delete and right-click on it.

2. Select the Delete row option.

Similarly, you can delete a column.

Applying Borders and Shading

Applying borders and shading to a table in Google Docs can enhance its visual appeal and make it stand out.

Borders: It is a dark outline around any text or picture that makes it look a little standout.

Shading: It means to set the background colour of a cell.

Follow the steps below to apply border and shading to a table:

1. Right-click on any cell of your table.

2. Select the Table properties option.

3. The Table properties pane will appear. Click on the Color category. You will see a Table border option.

4. Here, you can select the colour and thickness for the table border.

5. You can also set a background colour of cell by using the Cell background color option.

6. Click on a desired colour from the palette. Apply the same colour to the other cells also. You can see that the colour of the table heading background has now changed.

Let us learn how you can change the type of a border:

1. Select the border that you want to change by clicking on it.

2. Click on the Border dash from the Toolbar. A list of different types of borders will appear.

3. Select the type of border which you want to apply.

The selected border will be changed. Similarly, you can change the border of whole table.

Do It Yourself 3B

1 What is the difference between merging cells and splitting cells in a table?

Merging Cells

Splitting Cells

2 What are borders in a table? How are they useful?

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the blanks.

Hints rows   columns   grid   vertical   adjacent

1 A table in Google Docs is like a made up of rows and columns.

2 To create a table, select Insert → Table option and select the number of and you need.

3 Row height is the distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table.

4 Merging cells combines cells into one large cell.

B. Tick () the correct option.

1 How do you start creating a table in Google Docs?

a  Open a new email.

b  Click on the Insert menu.

c  Open Google Docs and click on the plus sign (+) or Blank.

d  Open a new browser tab.

2 What does splitting cells mean in the context of a table?

a  Combining two or more cells into one larger cell.

b  Changing the font size of the text inside the cells.

c  Dividing a cell into smaller parts.

d  Adding a background colour to cells.

3 What is the purpose of adding borders to the cells of a table?

a  To make the table look bigger.

b  To make the text bold.

c  To make the table visually appealing and stand out.

d  To change the font style.

4 How can you change the row height in a table to make it easier to read?

a  By clicking on the table border.

b  By changing the background colour.

c  By adjusting the row height value in the Table properties pane.

d  None of these

C. Who am I?

1 I am the menu in Google Docs that is used to change the table properties.

2 I am a vertical arrangement of cells or boxes that run from top to bottom.

3 I am the horizontal distance between the left and right borders of a column in a table.

4 I am like a dark outline around any text or picture that makes it look a little standout.

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1 The intersection of a row and a column is called a table.

2 Moving from one cell to another can be done using the Ctrl key on your keyboard.

3 Merging cells combines multiple selected cells into one large cell.

4 You can’t change the appearance of a table by adding borders or shading.

E. Answer the following questions.

1 What is a cell in a table?

2 What is the difference between rows and columns?

3 Write the two methods to open the Table properties pane.

4 Which option is used to change the type of border of a table?

F. Apply your learning.

1 You receive an allowance of ₹1000. Create a table with two columns, one for how much money you will spend and one for how much you will save, and explain your choices.

2 You have Maths, Science and History homework. Create the table with three columns, one for each subject, and mark which one you will start with and why.

3 Create a table with two columns, one for destination ideas for a trip you want to go on with your family, and one for the activities you’d like to do on the trip.

4 Imagine you have three breakfast options: cereal, toast, and fruit. Create a table with two columns, one for the breakfast item and the other for nutrient in each food item.

5 Leena has a table listing various tasks for a project. She realises that some cells contain related subtasks that need to be grouped together. Which feature of Google Docs should she use to create a cleaner layout?

Themes and Layouts in Presentations 4

Introduction to Presentations

When you share an idea or a thought with an audience, a visual representation—with pictures, words, videos, and sound—makes this task much easier. This helps to get the message across to the audience. It also helps the audience to visualise the idea and makes them interested in what you’re saying.

A presentation is a way to share information, ideas, or stories using a combination of pictures, text, and sometimes even audio or video.

Discuss!

How do you think presentations could help your teacher during a class?

We can create presentations on different applications like PowerPoint, Canva, Google Slides, etc. In this chapter, we will learn to create beautiful presentations on Google Slides. Google Slides is one of Google’s apps that is used to create presentations online.

Creating a Presentation Using Google Slides

Let us learn how to create a new presentation on Google Slides:

1. Open the Google Chrome browser and go to the link: https://docs.google.com/presentation/

2. Click on the plus + sign to open a blank presentation. Now, let us learn about the different parts of the presentation window.

Parts of a Google Slides Window

Components

Purpose

1.Presentation Title It shows the name of a presentation.

2.Menu Bar It contains various menus like File, Edit, View, etc. Each menu offers different options.

3.Toolbar It contains tools for quick and easy access.

4.Slide Workspace It is the area where you add items such as text, images, and videos for a slide.

5.Slide Navigation Pane It is space where you can see thumbnails or miniature images of all the slides of your presentation.

6.Speaker Notes It is the area where you can add notes for the speaker to remember important points during the presentation.

7.Slideshow Button It turns the slides into the presenter view to showcase the slides in full-screen mode.

Did You Know?

Ancient Egyptians used papyrus scrolls to record information in the same way we use digital documents and presentations nowadays.

Now, let us learn how to choose themes that suit our presentation. Let us also learn to use various layouts to organise our slides.

Applying Themes

Themes are special designs for your slides. They make the presentation look colourful and interesting.

When you start making a presentation in Google Slides, you can choose different themes.

Imagine you’re creating a presentation about A Journey Through India’s Diverse States. To apply themes to this presentation, open Google Slides and follow the given steps:

1. Click on the Rename box in the newly created presentation.

2. Enter the title A Journey Through India’s Diverse States in the Rename box.

3. Click on the Slide menu in menu bar.

4. Select the Change theme option. The Themes pane will open on the right-hand side. It will contain different themes that are available.

5. Check out different themes for your slide and click on a theme of your choice. The selected theme will be applied to all the slides.

Modifying Themes

Sometimes, we might like a theme but we still want to make certain changes in it. To do that, we can use different colours, fonts, effects, and background styles.

Modifying themes in a presentation is important because it allows you to make the presentation look exactly the way you want it to.

Selecting New Colours for the Background

To add new colours to the background of your slides:

1. Select the slide in the Slide Navigation Pane.

2. Click on the Slide menu in the menu bar.

3. Select the Change background option from the drop-down menu.

4. The Background pane appears. Select the colour of your choice from the Color drop-down list.

5. Click on the Done button.

You can set an image as a background of the slides of your presentations. Did You Know?

Applying Layouts

Layouts determine how your content, such as titles, text, and images, is organised on the slide. You can choose a different layout for each selected slide. Let us learn how to add different layouts to different slides:

1. Select the slide in the Slide Navigation pane.

2. Click on the Slide menu from the menu bar.

3. Select the Apply layout option.

4. You will see different layout options. Choose the one you like the most.

Your slide will change to the new layout.

Similarly, you can use a Title and Body layout to talk about the states of India from east, west, north, and south.

Do It Yourself 4A

1 Choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks.

a The shows the name of a presentation.

i  Presentation Title

iii  Speaker Notes

ii  Toolbar

iv  Slide Workspace

b An area where you add items such as text, images, and videos for a slide is called the .

i  Menu bar

iii  Speaker Notes

ii  Toolbar

iv  Slide Workspace

c The holds tools for quick and easy access.

i  Presentation Title

iii  Slides panel

2 Match the Following.

Column A

Theme

ii  Toolbar

iv  Themes section

Column B

It is used to change the background of the slides.

Layout It is a special design for your slide.

Slide → Change background

Google Slides

Inserting Tables

It is an online presentation-making app.

It determines how your content is organised on the slide.

Tables are used to organise information neatly and in an easy-to-understand manner. They help you put information clearly in rows and columns.

Let us say we want to show the population of each state. We can use a table in Google Slides.

To insert a table:

1. Click on the Insert menu in the menu bar.

2. Select the Table option from the drop-down list.

3. Pick the number of rows and columns required from the grid that appears. The table will appear on the slide.

4. Type in the states in one column and their population (in millions) in the next column. You can adjust the size of the table and add colours using the Fill color tool to make it look beautiful.

The Fill color tool is used to fill colour in a table’s cell, row, column, or complete table. This tool will appear on the Toolbar when you click on the table cell.

Inserting Charts

Charts are graphics or visual representations that are used to display and compare data easily. Charts make your information more interesting and easier to understand. There are different kinds of charts in Google Slides, such as:

• Bar chart: A bar chart represents data using bars of different lengths, which are arranged sideways horizontally.

• Column chart: A column chart represents data using bars of different heights, which are arranged like vertical columns.

• Line chart: A line chart represents data using a series of points which are connected by a line.

• Pie chart: A pie chart represents data using ‘slices’ of a whole circle. The size of each ‘slice’ shows how much value that specific ‘slice’ holds.

Suppose that in our presentation, we want to show the area of the states. We can use a column chart to represent this data.

To insert a chart:

1. Click on the Insert menu from the menu bar.

2. Select the Chart option.

3. Select the type of chart. Let us select Column chart.

4. The Column chart will be inserted on the slide. Now, click on the three dots in the right-hand corner and select Open source.

A new Google Sheet will open containing a table. This is where we will add the data, that is, the area of the states.

Google Sheets is another app by Google which is used to record and work with numbers, words, formulas, etc. You will learn more about it in the next chapters.

For now, we will write the area of each state in this table. This data will be reflected directly on the chart.

Now, let us enter the data.

a. Enter the name of the states in the first column. Enter the area in square kilometres in the second column. Remember to rename the columns to State and Area (sq km).

b. Delete the third column as we don’t need it. You can simply click on the column and press the Backspace key on the keyboard to do so.

5. After you enter your data, return to your slide and click on Update button.

Your column chart will appear on the slide. Each state will have its own colourful columns.

The taller the column, the more the area of the state. Looking at the chart shown above, we can easily say that Rajasthan has the highest area among the states shown here and Manipur has the smallest area. This way, we can easily compare the area of different states.

Inserting Diagrams

Diagrams are colourful pictures that help you show how things are connected, explain processes, or display information in a clear and organised way.

In our project about ‘A Journey Through India’s Diverse States’, we can use diagrams to show the folk dances of some states. Let us follow the steps given below:

1. Click on the Insert menu in the menu bar.

2. Select the Diagram option. We will see various types of diagrams you can use, like Grid, Hierarchy, and more.

3. Since we are showing the folk dances of different states, a Cycle might be a good choice. Select the Cycle option.

4. The Cycle pane appears on the right-hand side. Customise your diagram by adding more shapes and labels. The maximum number of Steps in a cycle is 5. You can also select suitable colours and styles of diagram based on your project’s requirements.

5. You can also customise the diagram by using the Fill color tool to colour the different components of the diagram.

The style and colour that you select will apply to the diagram.

Working with Master Slide

The Master Slide is the main slide. It allows you to change the appearance of your entire presentation all at once.

Suppose, we want the image of our national flag on all of our slides. What would we do? We could add the image in each of the slides, resize and place it how we want it to be.

But if you have fifteen slides, would it not be easier if we could make the changes in one slide and it could reflect on all the slides? Here, the master slide comes into play.

In Google Slides, we have the Edit theme option in the Slide menu, which helps us reflect one change in all the slides. When you use a theme, it changes the colours, fonts, and background designs of all your slides. Let us understand how we can do this by following the steps given below:

1. Click on the Slide menu in the menu bar.

2. Select the Edit theme option from the drop-down list.

3. A pane will appear with lots of colourful slides as options.

4. Copy the image you want to add and paste it here on the slide.

5. Resize the image according to your choice and place it anywhere where you want it to appear.

6. You will notice that the image has been added to all the slides.

Similarly, you can add titles, change the font, add more images, visuals, etc., to the main slide and it will reflect on all the slides of your presentation.

Changing Slides’ Order

Changing the order of the slides means to rearrange the slides in a desired order. Suppose you want to change the existing order of the slides. You can click and drag the slides in the sidebar to arrange them in the order that you want.

Explore More!

Learn to draw a cartoon character in Google Slides!

Do It Yourself 4B

1 Fill in the blanks.

a displays data across rows and columns.

b are graphics that are used to display and compare data easily.

c  A column chart represents data using bars of different heights.

d The is a slide that allows you to change the appearance of your entire presentation all at once.

2 Write the correct order of steps (1 to 4) to add changes to all the slides using the master slide:

a  Select Edit theme from the drop-down.

b  Click on Slide from the menu bar.

c  Add the changes in selected master slide.

d  A pane will appear.

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the blanks.

Hints columns  themes  menu  master  Apply layout

1 bar holds various menus like File, Edit, View, etc.

2 are like special designs for your slides.

3 To apply a layout on a slide, select Slide > option.

4 Tables consist of rows and .

5 The slide allows you to change the appearance of your entire presentation all at once.

B. Tick () the correct option.

1 Which component of Google Slides allows you to add notes for the speaker during a presentation?

a  Slide Workspace

c  Speaker Notes

2 What is the purpose of a theme in Google Slides?

a  To change the design of the presentation.

c  To change the layout of the presentation.

b  Slides Panel

d  Toolbar

b  To change the font style.

d  To insert charts and tables.

3 Which menu will you use to change the background colour of a theme in Google Slides?

a  Insert menu

c  View menu

4 What are tables used for in Google Slides?

a  Creating diagrams.

c  Applying theme.

b  Slide menu

d  File menu

b Displaying information neatly in rows and columns.

d  Changing slide backgrounds.

5 Which chart is used to represent data using horizontal bars of different lengths?

a  Bar chart

c  Line chart

C. Who am I?

b  Column chart

d  Pie chart

1 I am a component in Google Slides window that turns the slides into the presenter view to showcase the slides in full-screen mode.

2 I am a pane in Google Slides that contains different themes for your presentation.

3 I am a menu that allows you to add a table into your presentation.

4 I am a set of colourful pictures that helps you show how things are connected and explain processes.

5 I am a type of chart in Google Slides that represents data with a series of data points connected by a line.

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1 Google Slides is a tool for creating and sharing presentations.

2 Themes in Google Slides only change the background colours of your slides.

3 A column chart is a circular graph which uses slices to represent the relative size of data.

4 Changing slide order in Google Slides means deleting some slides.

5 Diagrams in Google Slides are used mainly for creating mathematical charts.

E. Answer the following questions.

1 Write the names of any three presentation applications.

2 What is Slide Navigation pane in Google Slides?

3 What is the difference between themes and layouts?

4 In which menu is the Edit theme option present?

5 What is a pie chart?

F. Apply your learning.

1 Imagine Shaina is making a presentation on her favourite books and their authors. What features would she use to make it look good?

2 Himank is preparing a presentation on different animals found in a zoo. He wants to organise information about the animals’ names, habitats, and diets in rows and columns. Which feature should he use?

3 Vamika wants to showcase pictures of various sports for her school’s annual sports day in full-screen mode. Name the component of the Google Slides window that can help her achieve this.

4 Suppose Komal is giving a presentation on the solar system. Which option should she use to ensure that a specific image, such as a planet, appears consistently on all the slides?

5 Saharsh has created a presentation on famous monuments around the world. He realises that he wants to change the order in which the slides were arranged. Which feature of Google Slides will help him achieve this?

Animations and Transitions in Presentations 5

Applying Animations

In our previous chapter, we explored how to create effective presentations. However, the presentation did not have anything that moved and was animated in any way. So, is there a way that you can make those additions to your slides? Of course you can! You can do it by using animation. Let us understand what animation is.

Animation is a process through which you can bring still objects, such as text, shapes, images, charts, logos, etc., ‘to life’ by making them move.

Animation is a great tool with which you can make your presentation lively and engaging. You can add one animation effect to multiple objects or add more than one animation effect to a single object. It enables you to control the flow of information presented or convey processes and alterations with greater efficiency. It also helps you connect with your audience in a better way. But applying too many animations distracts the audience from the actual content.

So let us start with how to add animation to your slides. We will be using the same project that is created in the last chapter.

Did You Know?

The word “Animation” comes from the Latin word “Anima”, which means “soul”. So, the process of animation refers to making characters come to life.

Adding Animation

Let us learn how to add animation to our presentation. Open the presentation on ‘A Journey Through India’s Diverse States’ in Google Slides. Follow the steps given below to add animation to different objects on a slide: 1. Select an object on a slide that you want to animate.

2. Click on the Insert menu in the menu bar.

3. Select the Animation option from the drop-down list. The Motion pane will open on the right-hand side.

4. In the Motion pane, go to the Object Animations section.

Here, the first option is Animation type. Click on this option and select an animation from the drop-down list.

5. The next option is the Start condition. Select one of the following options from the dropdown list:

On click: Animation starts when you click your mouse.

After previous: Animation starts once the previous animation ends. With previous: Animation starts with the previous animation.

6. If the object is a placeholder or text box, the By paragraph check box will be displayed. If this check box is checked, each paragraph of text in the box will be displayed one by one. Otherwise, the entire box will be displayed at once.

7. If you want to add more animations, you can select an object and click on the Add animation option.

8. Click on the Play button to check how that animation effect works on the selected object.

Explore More!

Applying Transition

Transition is a way to move smoothly from one slide to the next.

A slide transition provides a visual effect that takes place when one slide changes to another during a presentation. You can control its speed, add sound, and personalise the appearance of these transition effects.

To add a transition effect to your presentation, you need to follow the steps given below:

1. Select the slide to which you want to apply the transition effect.

2. Click on the Slide menu from the menu bar.

3. Select the Transition option from the drop-down list.

Alternatively, you can right-click on the selected slide from the Slide Navigation pane and click on the Transition option.

4. The Motion pane will appear on the righthand side. In the Motion pane, go to the Slide Transition section.

Select the Transition type from the dropdown list.

5. Set the transition’s Duration by dragging the slider. This slider will only appear once you have selected the Transition type

6. Click on the Apply to all slides button to apply this transition effect to all the slides.

If you do not click this button, the transition will be applied to the current slide only.

7. Click on the Play button to view the transition effect.

Explore More!

Scan the QR code to know how to create a flipbook animation using Google Slides.

Do It Yourself 5A

1 Read the following statements and place a tick mark beside the correct statements:

a  Animation can be added to only one object on the slide.

b When we select the starting condition as “After previous”, the animation starts once the previous animation ends.

c  Applying too many animations distracts the audience from the actual content.

d  The speed of the slide transition cannot be controlled.

e  A Cube is a type of transition.

2 Avi has to revise the concepts he has learnt. But he is confused about how to add a transition. He has written the steps in an incorrect order. Help him by numbering the steps (a. to e.) in the correct order.

Select the Transition option from the drop-down list.

Click on the Slide menu from the menu bar.

Set the transition’s Duration.

Click the Play button.

Select the Transition type from the Motion pane.

Adding Audio and Video

Think and Tell

Why are transitions important?

Adding audio and video elements to your presentation can add a new dimension to it. Using audio or sound, you can include background music and narrate key points. Using videos, you can showcase the video content in your presentation. Your presentation can become more engaging and informative using audio and videos. The most commonly used audio format is .mp3, while the most popular video format is .mp4.

Adding Audio

Let’s add music to your presentation. To insert any audio file in your presentation, you need to first upload an audio file to Google Drive.

Let us learn how to upload an audio file to Google Drive from your computer:

1. Open drive.google.com.

2. Click on the New button.

3. Select the File upload option from the drop-down list.

4. The Open dialog box will appear. Select the audio file you want to upload.

5. Click on the Open button.

6. Wait for the file to upload. Once the file is uploaded, proceed with the next step.

Once you have uploaded the audio file, you can add the audio file to the presentation. To add an audio file in the presentation:

1. Go to your presentation again.

2. Click on the Insert menu.

3. Select the Audio option from the drop-down menu.

4. The Insert audio window will open. Select the audio file that you want to add.

5. Click on the Insert button. Play

6. The speaker icon on the slide indicates that the audio file is attached to your presentation. You can play it by using the Play button.

Adding Video

You can add videos to your presentations in two different ways:

Discuss!

Are different types of background sounds important in presentations?

A. From YouTube: You can add videos from YouTube. Let us learn how to add videos using YouTube:

1. Click on the Insert menu.

2. Select the Video option from the drop-down list.

3. The Insert video window will open. Here, click on the YouTube tab.

4. To search for a video, enter the video name in the search bar and press the Enter key.

5. A list of videos will appear. Select a video and click on the Insert button that appears when you click on the video.

6. You can see the inserted video on the slide. Click on the Play button.

B. From Google Drive: Like the audio file, you need to first upload the video to Google Drive. After uploading the video, you can add it to your presentation by following the steps given below:

1. Click on the Insert menu.

2. Select the Video option.

3. The Insert video window will open. Here, click on the Google Drive tab.

4. Click on the video to be added to the presentation.

5. Click on the Insert button.

The video is added to the presentation.

How do you think inserting a video in your presentation can give the audience a better understanding of the topic? Think and Tell

Do It Yourself 5B

1 Match the following.

Terms

YouTube tab

.mp4

Play button

.mp3

Meaning

Allows to play audio/video on the slide

Audio format

Video format

Used to add videos from YouTube

2 Rearrange the steps of adding a YouTube video to a slide.

Select the Video option from the drop-down list.

Search for the video you want to add.

Select a video and click on the Insert button.

Click on the Insert menu.

In the Insert video window, select the YouTube tab.

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the blanks. Hints on click  animation  audios  slide

1 In a presentation, animations can be applied on .

2 To add an animation effect to a presentation, go to the Insert menu and choose option.

3 A provides a visual effect that takes place when one slide changes to another during a presentation.

4 With option, animation starts when you click your mouse.

5 and make the presentation more engaging and informative.

B. Tick () the correct option.

1 Which menu contains the options to smoothly move from one slide to the next?

a  File b  Slide

c  Insert d  View

2 What does this button signify?

a  A picture is inserted into the presentation

b  Sound is attached to the presentation

c  Text is inserted into the presentation d  Shape is inserted into the presentation

3 Which option would you choose if you want to make an object move on a slide?

a  Click on Insert → Animation

b  Click on Insert → Image

c  Click on Insert → Audio d  Click on Slide → Transition

4 How do you insert an audio file into your slide?

a  Click on Insert → Audio b  Click on Insert → Video

c  Click on Insert → Picture d  Click on Insert → Table

5 Press this button to ...

a  Upload an audio file to Google Drive

c  Add a video to a presentation

C. Who am I?

b  Add an audio to a presentation

d Add animation in a presentation

1 I am a feature that makes objects move on slides and makes the presentation more engaging.

2 I am a visual effect that makes your slides change smoothly during a presentation.

3 I am the option that adds sound to your presentations. It can be background music, voice narration, or even special sound effects.

4 I am an option in the Motion pane that helps you change the speed of a transition effect.

5 I am a button that helps you reuse the same transition for all the slides.

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1 Animations can only be added to text in a presentation.

2 In a presentation, videos can only be added from YouTube.

3 Sound cannot be added to a presentation.

4 Sounds, videos, animations, and transitions make a presentation more engaging.

5 Animations and transitions are the same thing, and you can use them interchangeably.

E. Answer the following questions.

1 What is the purpose of animations in a presentation?

2 Can you add animations to both text and objects in a presentation?

3 Define slide transition. Name the button used to view the transition effect.

4 Write down the two ways in which you can add a video to your presentation.

5 What is the purpose of adding a video to a presentation?

F. Apply your learning.

1 Siya has made a presentation. She wants to show some movement of objects in her presentation. What should she use to add movement?

2 Rita has to present her project, for which she has prepared multiple slides. She wants smooth movement from one slide to another during her presentation. Which feature should she use?

3 Raju has used a transition effect in his presentation. But when he started the presentation, the slides were moving very slowly. Which option should he use to increase the speed of the slides?

4 Suman watched a video on YouTube that suits her presentation for the science fair perfectly. Can she add this video to her presentation?

5 Preeti has created a presentation that she wants to make more engaging. She has added transition effects to one slide. What can she do to apply transition effects to all the slides?

Starting with Spreadsheets 6

Introduction to Google Sheets

Imagine you have planted sunflower seeds and want to monitor their growth over time, noting their height and any other observations.

To record the various stages of the growth of the plant, you need to keep your list organised and managed on your computer. For this, you can use a spreadsheet.

A spreadsheet is a digital table that helps you organise and work with numbers, data, and information in a neat and structured way.

The most popular spreadsheets are Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets. Microsoft Excel is a software that you need to pay for, but Google Sheets is a free online spreadsheet tool.

Uses of Spreadsheets

Here are some uses of spreadsheets:

• Organise data by making tables, to-do lists, plan tasks, etc.

• Automate mathematical calculations for most data.

• Visualise data, using vibrant charts.

• Manage students’ attendance and grades.

• Manage money, like tracking expenses and planning budgets.

• Analyse and present research data.

• Record data, sales analysis, and financial calculations.

Advantages of Using Google Sheets

Here are some advantages of using Google Sheets:

• Google Sheets allows multiple people to work on the same spreadsheet at the same time.

• Google Sheets can be accessed from any computer, worldwide.

• Google Sheets offers Smart Fill and Autocomplete features, which means it can help you complete words in your spreadsheet.

• Google Sheets automatically saves your work.

Creating a Google Sheet

Let us create a Google Sheet for your Plant Growth Tracker. Follow the steps:

1. Open the Google Chrome browser (web browser) and go to the website: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets

2. Click the plus (+) sign to open a blank spreadsheet.

3. Change the name of the spreadsheet at the top-left by typing your project name where it says Untitled spreadsheet.

Your first Google Sheet is ready.

Discuss!

What are some other things you can do with Google Sheets?

Do It Yourself 6A

Tick () the correct option.

1 Which of the following is the use of a spreadsheet?

a  Making drawings

c  Playing video games

2 What is the primary purpose of Google Sheets?

a  To play online games

c  To send emails

b  Managing attendance

d  Watching movies

b  To organise data in tables

d  To edit photos

3 Which of the following is a free online spreadsheet tool?

a  Google Drive

c  Microsoft Excel

b  Google Sheets

d  Google Slides

Components of Google Sheets Window

Google Sheet consists of the following components:

1. Spreadsheet title: This is where you write the name of a file. You can choose any name related to the project for your spreadsheet.

2. Row: The horizontal group of cells in a spreadsheet is called a row. The rows are numbered 1, 2, 3, and so on. They run across the spreadsheet from left to right.

The rows are numbered consecutively, starting with 1. By default, there are 1,000 rows in Google Sheets. The maximum number of rows that you can add to a sheet is 10 million.

3. Column: A column is a vertical group of cells denoted by letters. These letters range from A to Z, followed by AA, AB, through to AZ, and so on. It is important to note that each spreadsheet allows a maximum of 18,278 columns within a single sheet.

4. Cell: A cell in spreadsheet is the small box in which you can type text or numbers, or make calculations. Cells are located at the intersections of rows and columns.

Each cell on a sheet has a unique address. In a spreadsheet, the cell address format is the column letter followed by the row number, such as A1, B2, or C3.

5. Name box: When you click a cell, the respective cell address shows up in the Name box.

6. Active cell: When you click a cell in a spreadsheet, it becomes the active cell. Any data you type there can be entered in that cell.

7. Menu bar: A menu bar provides a range of tools to help you create, edit, format, and effectively manage your spreadsheet.

8. Toolbar: The toolbar is located below the menu bar. You can perform multiple actions in your spreadsheet, like editing text, zooming, printing, and more.

9. Formula bar: The formula bar is located just below Toolbar where you can enter and edit formulae or cell contents in an active cell.

10. Sheet tabs: At the bottom of the window, you can see tabs that represent various sheets within the same spreadsheet. You can create multiple sheets in one Google Sheets.

11. Share Button: This option helps you to share your spreadsheet with your friends and work together with them.

You can also chat with your friends and leave messages in the Google Sheets. Scan this QR code to know how this can be done.

• Using a mouse Click the cell directly.

• Using a keyboard

You can use various key combinations to move around the sheet, as follows:

Keys Function(s)

Arrow Keys (↑, ↓, ←, →)

Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move the active cell up, down, left, or right.

Ctrl + Up ArrowMoves the cell pointer to the first cell in a column.

Ctrl + Down ArrowMoves the cell pointer to the last cell in a column.

Ctrl + Left ArrowMoves the cell pointer to the first cell in a row.

Ctrl + Right ArrowMoves the cell pointer to the last cell in a row.

Tab Moves the cell pointer to the next cell in the same row.

Shift + TabMoves the cell pointer to the previous cell in the same row.

Ctrl + HomeMoves the cell pointer to the first cell of a spreadsheet, i.e., A1.

Ctrl + End Moves the cell pointer to the last cell of the current spreadsheet.

Entering Data

Now that you have learnt to move in the sheet, let us learn how to enter data in the Google Sheets.

1. Select the cell in which you want to enter data. The cell becomes an active cell.

2. Type the data in the active cell.

3. Press the Enter key to go to the next row; or to move to the next cell, either press the Tab key or use the Arrow keys on your keyboard.

4. You can add any type of information in a cell: letters, numbers, or even images. Add the data in the spreadsheet to complete it.

Saving and Closing a Sheet

After entering the data, it is time to save the data. Google Sheets makes it easy, as it has an auto save feature that keeps your data safe.

Auto save means that you do not need to save the sheet repeatedly; it will be saved automatically. You can see that Google Sheets is saving your work by looking at the “Saving…” icon on the top right corner of your screen.

After Google Sheets has saved your work, it shows an icon shaped like a cloud with a tick mark (✔) inside it.

When your work is saved, you can close your spreadsheet. To close a spreadsheet, click the X button on the web browser tab, which is the Close button.

Discuss!

What can happen if you close the sheet without saving it?

Opening a Sheet

Suppose you want to see your sheet again or you want to add more data to your sheet. Here is how you can open your spreadsheet:

1. Open the Google Chrome web browser and then go to the Google Sheets website. All the sheets that you have created will be listed at the bottom.

2. Look for the spreadsheet you want to open, or you can find it by typing its name in the Search bar at the top centre.

3. Select the sheet and it will open.

Do It Yourself 6C

1 Match the Following.

2 What key do you use to go to the next row when entering data?

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the blanks.

Hints

name box  share  autosave  columns  formula

1 Spreadsheets help organise information neatly in rows and .

2 The bar lets you enter and edit formulae or cell contents in an active cell.

3 The button helps you to work on your spreadsheet together with your friends.

4 The means that you do not need to save the sheet repeatedly.

5 When we click on a cell, the respective cell address shows up in the .

B. Tick () the correct option.

1 How can you change the name of a Google spreadsheet?

a  By clicking the plus (+) sign b  By typing your project name in the chat

c  By clicking the File menu d  By renaming the Untitled spreadsheet

2 Which Google Sheets component represents various sheets within the same spreadsheet?

a  Active Cell b  Row Numbers

c  Sheets Tab d  Column Letters

3 What is the name of the horizontal group of cells in a spreadsheet?

a  Rows b  Columns

c  Cells d  Sheets

4 What happens when Google Sheets saves your work?

a  It shows a smiley face icon. b  It plays a sound.

c  It displays a cloud icon with a check mark. d  It shuts down your computer.

5 To close a spreadsheet created using Google Sheets, what do you need to click?

a  The X button b  The Plus + sign

c  The Share button d  The Home button

C. Who am I?

1 I am placed at the intersection of a row and a column.

2 I provide many tools to help you create, edit, format, and manage your spreadsheet.

3 I am the shortcut key that moves the cell pointer to the first cell of the spreadsheet, i.e., A1.

4 I am the key that moves the active cell to the next line.

5 I am a currently selected cell in a spreadsheet.

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1 The address format of any cell is written as a number followed by a letter.

2 You can have multiple sheets in one spreadsheet.

3 Google Sheets is a software application that you need to pay for.

4 You cannot move within a sheet, using a keyboard.

5 You can go the last cell of the sheet by pressing the Ctrl + Home key combination.

E. Answer the following questions.

1 What is a spreadsheet?

2 What are the various advantages of Google Sheets?

4 Differentiate between a row and a column.

5 Name the two methods to move around in a spreadsheet.

F. Apply your learning.

1 Riya is an athlete who needs to achieve a certain height and weight to be able to compete in the next year’s racing competition. She wants to keep track of her height and weight in a tabular manner. Which online application can be helpful?

2 Kashish is creating a food menu for the school fair and has entered a few details. Identify the cell address of the active cell in the given screenshot.

3 Raima was editing using Google Sheets when suddenly the internet got disconnected. When she rechecked, all the details were still there. Which feature of Google Sheets helped her not lose any data?

4 Mishi and Richa are two friends who created a spreadsheet using Google Sheets, to organise their study schedule for the upcoming exams. Will the use of Google Sheets be helpful to them?

GAMES

5 Anshi is adding her test scores to a spreadsheet. Name the keys that helped her move from one cell to another.

Introduction to Scratch 3.0 7

Help the bunny reach its favourite food.

Just like you solve a problem by helping the bunny reach its favourite food, coding helps a computer perform tasks or solve problems.

Coding

Coding is the process of creating sets of instructions that a computer can understand and execute. Coding is a way to tell a computer what to do. It involves writing specific commands in a programming language to tell a computer how to perform tasks, solve problems, or run applications. We can use coding to develop software, websites, mobile apps, and other digital technologies.

Did You Know?

Computer programmers sometimes use secret codes to leave messages for each other. It is like having a secret club! They call it ‘Easter eggs’.

Block-based Coding

Block-based coding makes it easier for kids to learn to program because it is like putting together a fun and colourful jigsaw puzzle! Instead of typing complicated words and numbers, you use colourful blocks with pictures on them to create programs.

Each block represents a different action or command, and you snap the blocks together like puzzle pieces to make the computer do what you want. Scratch, Tynker, and LightBot are a few examples of block-based coding languages that help us learn and practice our coding skills.

Discuss!

Do you and your friends have a secret language that you people talk in? or Codes? Why do you make it and how do you use it?

Do It Yourself 7A

Fill in the blanks.

1 is used to develop software, websites, mobile apps, and other digital technologies.

2 In block-based coding, you use colourful with pictures on them to create programs.

3 Scratch is an example of a coding language.

Scratch 3.0

Scratch 3.0 is an application program that lets you create your games, stories, and animations. It is a free platform where you can show your creative skills.

You can make characters move, jump, and talk, and you can even make your own interactive stories or games.

Scratch 3.0 is all about using your creativity and imagination to make programs on a computer, and the best part is that you can share your creations with your friends and see what they make too!

Did You Know?

Scratch was originally developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at the MIT Media Lab to help kids learn to code in a fun and creative way.

Starting Scratch 3.0

Here are the steps to get started with Scratch:

Think and Tell

What are the other platforms you know of that assist in block-based coding?

1 Open a web browser like Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge.

2 Go to the Scratch website by typing www.scratch.mit.edu in the address bar and then pressing Enter.

3 Click the Start Creating button on the Scratch website to begin creating your projects.

The Scratch interface appears.

Components of Scratch

1 Menu and Title Bar: Here, you will discover menu options for project management and Scratch environment control.

Settings It provides options for Language and Colour Mode settings.

File It has options like New, Load from your computer, and Save to your computer.

Edit In the Edit icon, you can enable Turbo Mode, which significantly speeds up the execution of your Scratch project, making your code run faster, which is useful for complex or time-sensitive scripts.

2 Tabs: Used for switching between Code, Costumes tabs, and Sounds, with stage resizing icons.

3 Blocks Panel: Contains various categories of coding blocks like Motion, Looks, Sound, etc., for controlling sprite actions, colour-coded for ease.

4 Blocks Palette: Offers diverse coding blocks; drag and drop to create scripts and bring ideas to life in Scratch.

5 Coding Area: Where you assemble coding blocks to create scripts and make your sprites perform actions. It is also known as the scripts area.

6 Stage: The area where sprites interact and display the results of your code.

7 Sprite: Characters or objects in your project that you can program to move, talk, and interact.

8 Backdrop: Various backgrounds for the stage to set the project’s setting, customisable and importable.

9 Go Button: The green flag button is used to run your project.

10 Stop Button: The red circle button stops or pauses your project when it is running.

11 Sprites Pane: Located under the stage, it contains details about sprites, including name, size, and location. Here, you can edit, upload, or change sprites.

Match the following.

Creating a Quiz Master game is an easy way to learn Scratch 3.0.

Project: Quiz Master

Pane

Coding Area

Panel Go Button

In this book, we will create a Quiz Master project in Scratch, through which we will learn various concepts of Scratch.

Sprites

Sprite Blocks

Steps to create the project:

 Use Scratch’s block-based coding to create an interactive quiz game.

 You can use sprites and backgrounds to show characters and settings in your story.

 The sprite Pico will tell the rules of the game first.

 Use variables to keep track of the scores.

 Pico will ask questions. If the answer is correct, the score will increase by 10 points, and a clapping sound will play. If the answer is incorrect, the score will stay the same, and a losing sound will play.

Adding a Sprite

The main character that performs all the action in your project is known as a Sprite. The default sprite in Scratch is a Cat. You can change or add more sprites to your project per your choice.

Before adding a new sprite you can delete the existing sprite by clicking on the delete button in the Sprites pane.

Follow the given steps to add a sprite in your project:

1 Click on the Choose a Sprite button.

2 Select Choose a Sprite.

Upload Sprite

Surprise

Choose a Sprite Paint delete button

Choose a Sprite button.

3 The Choose a Sprite dialog box appears. Click on the desired sprite. The selected sprite appears on the stage.

If you want to draw your own sprite or upload an already drawn sprite, Scratch provides Paint and Upload Sprite options to do so. In our case, we have selected the Pico sprite.

Changing Costume

Changing costume allows you to give your sprite a different look. Steps for changing costumes in Scratch are:

1 Click on the sprite you want to change the costume for in the Sprites pane.

2 Click on the Costumes tab.

3 You will see the following screen. Choose from the available costumes on the left to change the costume.

3

You can also paint a new costume to draw your own sprite.

Animating a Sprite

Now, to animate your sprite in Scratch:

1 Click on the Events category.

2 Drag the when clicked block.

3 Click on the Looks category.

4 Drag the next costume block and snap it below the when clicked block.

5 Click on the green flag button. The sprite changes its costume on every click.

Think and Tell

While you design the costume for your sprite, in your opinion, what colours look the best on your sprite?

A Fill in the blanks.

1 is the main character that performs all the tasks in your project.

2 To make our sprite change its costume, we drag the block from the Looks category.

3 To see a library full of various characters and pictures, we must click .

4 The and blocks are used to animate the costume change of a sprite.

B State True or False.

1 You cannot change the costume of a sprite.

2 The default sprite in Scratch is a Cat.

3 The green flag button is also called the Go button.

4 You cannot add more than one sprite in a project. Do It Yourself 7C

Duplicating a Costume

You can make your sprite wear the same costume twice. To duplicate a costume in Scratch for a sprite, follow the given steps:

1 Click on the sprite you want to duplicate a costume for in the Sprites pane.

2 Select the Costumes tab.

3 Click the costume to select it.

4 Right-click the selected costume. A context menu appears.

5 In this menu, click duplicate, and a copy of the costume is created.

Scratch gives the duplicated costume with the same name as the sprite along with the suffix 2, 3, or so on. For example, we have duplicated Pico-b and so, the duplicated costume’s name will be Pico-b2.

You can switch between costumes using the switch costume to block. You need to specify the names of the costumes in this block.

Do It Yourself 7D

Duplicating a Sprite

Steps to duplicate a sprite in Scratch are as follows:

1 In the Sprites pane, click the sprite you want to duplicate.

2 Right-click the sprite, which opens a menu.

3 Select the duplicate option to create a copy of the selected sprite.

4 The duplicated sprite will appear with the same name as the sprite along with the suffix 2, 3, or so on.

For example, on duplicating the Pico sprite, the name will be Pico2, Pico3, and so on.

To duplicate a sprite using code:

1 Drag the when clicked block from the Events category.

2 Click the Control category.

3 Drag the create clone of myself block in the script area.

4 Click on the green flag button. The duplicated sprite will overlap the existing sprite. You can change the location by dragging the sprite.

Adding Backdrops

You can add backgrounds, also known as backdrops, to your project to create various settings or scenes for your sprites to interact with. Here’s how you can add a background:

1 Click on the Choose a Backdrop button in the bottom right corner of the interface.

2 Select Choose a Backdrop.

Backdrop

3 The Choose a Backdrop dialog box opens. You can scroll through the library to find a backdrop you like.

4 Click the backdrop you want to use from the library. The selected backdrop replaces the current backdrop on the stage.

Changing Backdrops

If you want to change the background while your project is running, you can use special code blocks to do it.

1 Add some backdrops of your choice in your project.

2 Drag the when clicked block from the Events category.

3 Drag the next backdrop from the Looks category and snap it below the when clicked block.

4 Play the project by clicking on the green flag button. You can observe the backdrop getting changed.

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the blanks. Hints

1 To duplicate the costume of the sprite, you must select the .

2 In case you want to add more backdrops, you will get them from the .

3 uses colourful blocks with pictures on them to create programs.

4 is represented as a red circle that allows you to stop or pause your project if it is running.

5 is under the stage; it has all details about the sprite.

B Who am I?

1 I am also known as programming; I give instructions to the computer that it executes.

2 I am the area in the Scratch window that contains various categories of blocks.

3 I am a category of blocks that contains the when clicked block.

4 I am a free software that allows you to design your own games and animations through scripts.

5 I am the area in the Scratch window where you can code.

C Explain the function of the following. 1

D Write T for True and F for False.

1 The blocks panel is where you can find a wide range of coding blocks to use in your scripts.

2 To change a costume, first go to the Code tab.

3 You need to click the Paint option to create your own backdrop.

4 You can assemble and connect the coding blocks to create scripts in the coding area.

5 You cannot customise a sprite according to your choice.

E Answer the following questions.

1 What is Scratch 3.0?

2 What is the Sprite Pane?

3 Which option is used to add a sprite to a project?

4 What is the Coding area?

5 Write the steps to duplicate a costume in Scratch 3.0?

F Apply your learning.

1 Draw a panda in the Scratch paint editor and use it as a sprite. Also, assign a suitable name to your sprite.

2 Shreya wants to add a forest background in a Scratch project. Help her choose a background by writing the steps.

3 Meenal has made an amazing design in Scratch but doesn’t know how to duplicate a costume. What should she do?

4 Tanu is making a project in Scratch for her school’s annual day function in which she needs to add the same sprite five times. How can she do this?

5 Seema has created a project in Scratch for the birthday of her brother in which she wants to display some photos one by one as the background. Which two blocks should she use to do so?

Using Operators, Sensing, and Control Blocks 8

In the previous chapter, we created the Score variable, and Pico sprite displayed the rules of the quiz using the Looks blocks.

Let us now learn some more blocks to proceed with our project.

Sensing Blocks

The Sensing blocks are used to sense conditions in the environment, such as the background colour or the sprite touching status. For example, you can use the touching color block to check if a sprite is touching a specific colour on the stage.

These blocks are cyan in colour and are used to detect various factors in a project. In Scratch, there are several categories of Sensing blocks that allow you to gather information about the environment and user input.

Let us now look at the usage of some of the Sensing blocks in the following table:

Blocks

Description

Determines if a sprite is touching a specific colour on the stage.

Checks if a sprite is currently touching another sprite or a colour.

Displays a message or a question for the user and waits for their input.

Retrieves the response given by the user to a previous ask and wait block.

Determines if a specific key on the keyboard is currently being pressed.

Resets the timer to zero, which can be used to measure the elapsed time.

Provides the time in seconds since the project started or since the reset timer block was used.

Using Ask and Answer Blocks

In our project, Pico will ask some questions using the ask and wait block. It then checks the answer given by the user through the answer block and accordingly it displays a message: “Yay! Right answer” or “Oops! Wrong answer”.

Follow these steps to proceed with the project.

1 Drag the say Hello! for 2 seconds block from the Looks category and join it to the existing say block.

2 Change “Hello!” to “Question 1”.

3 Add the ask and wait block from the Sensing category below the say block to ask the question, as shown here.

4 Add the say block from the Looks category to display answer.

Instead of giving a direct answer, let us add ‘Hello’ before displaying the answer using Operators blocks.

Operators Blocks

The Operators blocks are used to compare variables and values, perform calculations with numbers, and work with strings (text).

Mathematical Blocks

These blocks help a computer perform mathematical operations. They are found under the Operators block category.

The four most commonly used mathematical blocks are:

Blocks Name Description

Addition It is used to add two numbers.

Subtraction It is used to subtract a number from another number.

Multiplication It is used to multiply two numbers.

Division It is used to divide a number by another number.

Comparison Blocks

These are the blocks that help a computer make comparisons, depending on the statements or equations it checks.

Blocks Name Description

Equal to It returns true when the two numbers are equal; it returns false when they are not equal.

Greater than It returns true when the first number is greater than the second; otherwise, it returns false.

Less than It returns true when the first number is less than the second; otherwise, it returns false.

More Operator Blocks

There are some more blocks that are very useful in projects.

Blocks

Name Description

Pick random number You can choose random numbers between the smallest and largest numbers (including those numbers).

Join This block is used for working with text strings. It combines two string values.

Let us continue our project using the join block to add hello before the answer.

1 Drag the join block from the Operators category to the blank section of the say block.

2 Replace apple with Hello and banana with answer block.

3 Let us type the question, “What is 239+354=?” inside the ask and wait block and join it with the say block.

Now, we have two conditions: if the answer is correct, it will display the message “Yay! Right answer” else, it will show, “Oops! Wrong answer”. Let us learn how to work with conditions using Control blocks.

Control Blocks

The blocks from the Control category allow a program to perform a test based on a given condition and then take actions based on the result of that test. Let us explore the usage of some of the blocks from the Control category.

Blocks Description

This block is used to check the given condition. If the condition is true, the blocks inside the if-then block are executed; if it is false, the blocks are not executed.

This block is an extension of the if-then block. If the given condition is true, then the blocks inside the if-then section are executed. If the condition is false, then the blocks inside the else part are executed.

The repeat block in the Control category repeats all the blocks inside it the number of times specified in the repeat block.

The forever block repeats the actions forever, never stopping until you click the red Stop button on the screen to end your program.

The repeat until block repeats the actions specified by the blocks inside it until a given condition is true. When the condition becomes false, the loop execution stops.

This block is used to wait for n number of seconds, where n is any integer.

The wait until undo pauses the script until the specified condition is true.

This block stops all the running scripts.

Follow the given steps to check whether the answer to the question is correct using the if-then-else block.

1 Drag the if-then-else block from the Control category to decide whether the response given by the user is correct or not.

2 Drag the equal to comparison block from the Operators category to the condition area of the if-then-else block.

3 Drag the answer block from the Sensing category to the left box of the equal to block.

4 Drag the Addition block from the Operators category to the right box of the equal to block and write the values as 239 + 354.

5 Click on the Looks category and then drag the say for 2 seconds block for the true condition of the if-then-else block, as shown.

6 This step ensures that Pico displays the result when the user provides the correct answer, as shown here.

Displaying the message when the condition is true.

7 Now, add one more say for 2 seconds block from the Looks category for the false condition under the else part and change “Hello” to “Oops! Wrong answer.” as shown here.

Displaying the message when the condition is false.

8 Click on the green flag button to test the script. When you click the green flag button, the Pico sprite asks the question and then waits for the answer from the user, as shown in the figure below.

9 Run the script and verify the conditions for the question.

Coding Challenge

Create a game in Scratch with the name ‘Colour Match’.

Objective: The player must click a sprite that matches a specific colour.

Instructions:

1 Create two sprites: a ‘Colour Matcher’ sprite and a ‘Colour Target’ sprite.

2 Create a script for the ‘Colour Matcher’ sprite to change its costume to a random colour when clicked using a Sensing block.

3 Create a script for the ‘Colour Target’ sprite to change its costume to a specific colour using a Sensing block.

4 Use Conditional blocks to check if the ‘Colour Matcher ’ sprite’s costume matches the ‘Colour Target’ sprite’s costume.

5 If they match, display a message saying ‘You Win!’, using a say block.

6 If they do not match, display a message saying ‘Try Again’, using a say block.

7 Allow the player to click the ‘Colour Matcher’ sprite again to start a new round with a new random colour.

Do It Yourself 8A

Look at the following code and fill in the blanks.

1 In the given Scratch code, the wait () seconds block is a part of the category, and it allows the script to .

2 The say (Hello) for (1) seconds block in the category displays for seconds.

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the blanks.

Hints User’s response  add  four  decisions

1 The Control blocks in Scratch are primarily used to make in your program.

2 The ask and wait block is a block.

3 In Scratch, there are mainly types of mathematical blocks.

4 The Addition block is used to two numbers.

B Tick () the correct answer.

1 Which mathematical block is used to divide two numbers?

2 The subtraction block is present in the category.

Sensing b  Operators c  Motion d  Variables

3 The block repeats the actions forever, never stopping until you click the red Stop button on the screen to end your program.

a  Forever b  repeat until c  repeat d  stop all

4 retrieves the response given by the user to a previous ask and wait block. a  touching b  ask and wait c  answer d  key pressed

C Who am I?

1 I am a block in Scratch that allows you to ask a question to the user and then wait for their response before proceeding with the program.

2 I am used in Scratch to check if a specific condition is true or false and then make decisions based on the result.

3 I am a block in Scratch that waits for a certain period of time before allowing the program to continue.

4 I am a type of block in Scratch that helps you create loops and repeat actions.

D Write T for True and F for False.

1 A condition is applied to check a problem.

2 You cannot perform mathematical operations in Scratch.

3 Sensing blocks in Scratch are used to detect conditions associated with sprites and the stage.

4 The ask and wait block in Scratch allows you to ask a question on the screen and stores the keyboard input in the answer block.

E Answer the following questions.

1 What is the purpose of Control (Conditional) blocks in Scratch?

2 Explain the difference between the if and if-else Control blocks in Scratch.

3 What is the role of the ask and wait block in the Sensing category?

4 Describe the use of the following block.

F Apply your learning.

Complete the following length-finder game project.

Steps for making this length finder game are:

1 Drag the from the category to the script.

2 Drag the from the category and then initialise both x and y with 0.

3 Drag the block from the Sensing category to ask ‘Give me one word to find its length’ and then wait.

4 Add the block from the Variables category to set the word to answer.

5 Drag the block from the Sensing category to place it inside the block.

Chapter 8 • Using Operators, Sensing, and Control Blocks

Variable and Looks Blocks 9

Scratch is an event-driven programming language. This means that actions are triggered by events, such as clicking a sprite or pressing a key, making it easy to create interactive animations and games.

Project: Quiz Master

Let us continue with our project: Quiz Master.

1 The Pico sprite will explain the rules of the game first and then ask questions.

2 If the answer is correct, the score will be increased by 10, and a clapping sound will play.

3 Else, the score will remain the same, and a losing sound will play.

Project Setup

Open Scratch and then continue with your project. In the previous chapter, we had set up the Pico sprite and the backdrop to Chalkboard, as shown in the given figure.

Variable Blocks

Variable blocks are the blocks that help a computer store a value that can be changed throughout a project. Variables can be used to store numbers and text.

In Scratch, a variable can contain two types of values: numeric and textual or string.

Numeric Variable It is used to store numbers.

String Variable It is used to store text.

Adding a Variable

Follow the given steps to add a variable, Score, to our project.

Did You Know?

Scratch can be used on various platforms, including web browsers, Windows, macOS, and Linux, making it versatile and widely compatible.

1 Drag the when clicked block from the Events category to the scripts area.

2 Select the Variables category.

3 Click on the Make a Variable button.

4 The New Variable dialog box appears. Assign a name to the new variable, for example, Score.

5 Click on OK. The variable is added to the list.

After adding a variable, let us learn how to set a value of the variable.

Setting Value of the Variable

To set the value of the variable, we can just add the set variable to block.

1 Drag the set variable to block from the Variables category to the scripts area.

2 Click on the variable drop-down menu and select the variable you want to set the value of. In our case, it is the Score variable.

3 Type the value you want to set the variable to. The value can be a number or text. In this case, we need the value ‘0’ only. Click here to change the value

4 The value of the variable Score is now set to 0.

Now let us make the Pico sprite say the rules of the quiz using the Looks blocks.

Looks Blocks

The Looks block category contains various blocks that are used to change the looks of the sprite and to make the sprite say something. This category of blocks is used to create dialogues in the game or the project.

There are 20 Looks blocks.

Some of them are:

Blocks

Description

A speech bubble appears over the sprite and stays for the specified number of seconds.

A thought bubble appears over the sprite and stays for the specified number of seconds.

Changes the sprite’s costume to the specified one.

Changes the sprite’s costume to the next one in the costume list.

Changes the stage’s backdrop to the specified one.

Changes the stage’s backdrop to the next one in the costume list.

Changes the sprite’s size by the amount.

Set the sprite’s size according to the specified percentage.

Shows the sprite.

Hides the sprite.

Discuss!

How important is it to time the display of a message using the say block?

Now, let us make the Pico sprite explain the rules of the game using the say block. The steps to make a sprite say something are:

1 Drag the say Hello! for 2 seconds block from the Looks category and join it to the set score to block.

2 Change “Hello!” with “Welcome to my quiz show!”

3 Click on the Go button to check if the Pico sprite says the specified message.

Similarly, add the following rules to the quiz.

 I will ask you five math questions.

 For every right answer, you will get 10 points.

 For a wrong answer, you will not get any points.

 Let’s start!

You can change the number of seconds for which a message should be displayed on the screen. Did You Know?

Do It Yourself 9A

1 Look at the following code and fill in the blanks.

In the above Scratch code, the when green flag clicked block is a part of the category, and it allows the program to .

2 The say () for (2) seconds block in the Looks category displays a message that is displayed for seconds.

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the blanks. Hints

1 Variable blocks are blocks that help a computer to a value.

2 The Make a Variable button is present in the category.

3 Use the block to make your sprite say something in Scratch.

4 The say block is found in the category of Scratch blocks.

B Tick () the correct option.

1 Which block is used to store a value?

a  Mathematical block

c  Variable block

2 In Scratch, how many types of variables are there?

a  Three

c  Two

b  Ask block

d  Addition block

b  Four

d  One

3 Which block is used to show the sprite?

a  show b  hide

c  next costume d  next backdrop

4 Which block is used to change the sprite’s costume to the specified one?

a  think () for () seconds b  swich costume to costume2

c  next costume d  next backdrop

C Who am I?

1 I am a block in Scratch that allows you to make your sprite say something.

2 I am used to store a number or text value.

3 I am used to change the sprite’s size by the amount.

4 I am used to change the stage backdrop to the specified one.

D Write T for True and F for False.

1 The say block is used to make a sprite move around the stage.

2 You can find the say block in the Events category.

3 A variable is changeable at any time.

4 The variable block is used to store operators.

E Answer the following questions.

1 What are Variables blocks?

2 How many types of variables can be created in Scratch?

3 What is the use of the Looks blocks category?

4 What is the purpose of using the block given below?

5 What is the difference between switch costume and next costume blocks?

F Apply your learning.

1 Divyansh is not aware of variables. Help him by telling him what variables are. Also tell him about the different types of values that can be stored in variables.

2 Open Scratch and create a bear sprite and a forest backdrop. Use this script to display the given message.

3 Think of a digital story that you would like to create in Scratch. How would you use both the Looks and the Variables blocks?

Sound Blocks 10

In the previous chapter we have learnt about the use of operators, sensing, and control blocks.

Now, let us learn about Sound blocks before continuing with our project.

Sound Blocks

Sound blocks are used to control sound. There are nine Sound blocks in Scratch.

Some of them are:

The first animated film, ‘Steamboat Willie’, featured only background music and no spoken dialogue. Did You Know?

Blocks Description

Plays a sound and pauses the script until the sound is finished.

Plays a sound without pausing the script.

Stops all playing sounds.

Clears any currently active sound effects.

Changes the volume by the specified amount.

Sets the volume to the specified amount.

The aim of our project is that if the answer is correct, the score will increase by 10 points, and a clapping sound will play. Else, the score will remain the same, and a losing sound will play.

Discuss!

How do the sound blocks make your project feel different?

Finalising the Project

Now, we have to set the condition under the if block, if the answer is correct.

1 Drag the Change my variable by block from the Variables category and join it under the say block in the if section of the if-then-else block.

2 Change My variable to Score and the value 0 to 10.

3 Now, drag the play sound block from the Sound category and join it to the change score to block.

4 Now, click the Sounds tab.

5 Click on the Choose a Sound option. The Sound Library opens.

6 Type Clap in the search box. Click on the Clapping sound to add it to the project.

The sound is added.

8 Click on the Code tab.

9 Change the sound to Clapping in the play sound until done block.

10 Click on the Go button to test your project.

Now, let us set the condition under the else block, if the answer is not correct.

1 Drag the Change my variable by block from the Variables category and join it under the say block in the if section of the if-then-else block.

2 Change the value of My variable to Score and the value to 0.

3 Now, drag the play sound block from the Sound category and join it to the change score to block.

4 Now, add the sound Lose in the play sound block by following the same steps you used for adding the clapping sound previously.

5 Click on the Go button to test your project. We have set all the conditions for both scenarios, either the right answer or the wrong answer. Repeat the same steps to add the other questions to the project. However, this will take a lot of time. Let us explore a shorter way to do it.

Duplicating the Script

Follow the given steps to duplicate a script.

1 Drag the say Hello! for 2 seconds block from the Looks category and join it to the if-thenelse block.

2 Change “Hello!” with “Question 2”.

3 Add the ask and wait block from the Sensing category below the say block to ask the question “What is 12 × 5 = ?” as shown here.

4 Right-click on the if-then-else block.

5 Select the Duplicate option to copy the code.

6 Change the Operator block and its value as per the given question.

7 Your project is complete. You can add more questions to your project by using subtraction, division, and other operators to make your project interactive.

Coding Challenge

Help Dino avoid obstacles to achieve a high score.

Do It Yourself 10A

Match the following.

A sound in the Sound Pane.

Make a sprite say something for the specified amount of time.

Play a sound until it completes.

Add a new sound.

Chapter Checkup

A Fill in the blanks.

Hints

start sound  Choose a Sound  Sensing  Sound

1 The blocks plays a sound without pausing the script.

2 The play sound block is located in the category of blocks.

3 You can add the ask and wait block from the category.

4 To open the Sound Library, option is selected.

B Tick () the correct option.

1 There are sound blocks. a  Five b  Seven

c  Nine d  Ten

2 Which block is used to add sound to your Scratch project?

3 Which category of Scratch blocks does the play sound block belong to?

a Motion

c Sound

4 The play sound block is used to:

a Control the sprite’s size.

c Add music or sound effects.

b Looks

d Events

b Make the sprite disappear.

d Change the sprite’s costume.

1 I help you add sound for your projects in Scratch.

2 I help you set the volume to the specified amount.

3 I am used to change the sound.

4 I am an option used to duplicate a sprite.

D Write T for True and F for False.

1 The play sound block is used to change the colour of your sprite.

2 You cannot change the sound once it is added in a project.

3 You can add only one if-then-else block to a project.

4 You can duplicate a script.

E Answer the following questions.

1 What are sound blocks?

2 Name any five sound blocks.

3 What does the play sound block do?

4 How can you duplicate a script?

F Apply your learning.

Complete the following Clicker Game Project.

Steps for making this clicker game are:

1 Drag the block from the category to the script area.

2 Add the block from the category.

3 Drag the block from the Motion category to move the balloon in a random direction.

4 Add the block for the 2 seconds block from the Control category.

5 Drag the block from the category to add in the script.

6 Add the block from the Sound category to make the sound when the sprite gets clicked.

7 Now, add the block from the Variables category to change the score by 1 whenever the player clicks the sprite.

Test Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 5)

A. Fill in the blanks.

1 is considered one of the first mechanical and automatic calculator.

2 Wireless connections use waves to transmit data between devices and a router.

3 is the vertical distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table.

4 is the option that starts the animation when you click your mouse.

B. Tick () the correct option.

1 Which of the following is a manually-operated calculating device developed by John Napier?

a  Abacus b  Pascaline

c  Leibniz wheel

2 Which type of connection is used by mobile phones?

d  Napier’s bones

a  dial-up b  cellular

c  wired d  satellite

3 To move to a previous cell in a table, which key combination is used?

a  Shift + Enter b  Shift + Tab

c  Ctrl + Tab d  Ctrl + Enter

4 What is the purpose of the Master Slide in Google Slides?

a  Add images to slides

c Change appearance of entire presentation

C. Write T for True and F for False.

b  Change font size

d  Add slide transitions

1 Computers can work on various tasks at the same time.

2 You can only add the videos in the presentation that are stored on your computer.

3 If you split a cell, you cannot merge it afterwards.

4 You cannot change the theme of a presentation once you create it.

D. Answer the following questions.

1 What do you know about UNIVAC?

2 Differentiate between Cc and Bcc fields in an email.

3 What is the purpose of merging cells?

4 Why is modifying themes in a presentation important?

E. Apply your learning.

1 Arushi is using the voice command application in her computer. In which generation of computers is this possible?

2 Manu wants to send an email to his friends, but he does not want his friends to know to whom else he has sent the same email. Which feature of Gmail can he use for this?

3 Rama is writing the column names in a table, but the names are not displaying properly. What will you suggest Rama do so that the column names fit properly in each cell?

4 Happy wants to add visual effects to elements on his slides. Which feature in Google Slides should he use?

Test Paper 2 (Based on Chapters 6 to 10)

A. Fill in the blanks.

1 is the process of creating sets of instructions that a computer can understand and execute.

2 key moves the cell pointer to the next cell in the same row.

3 blocks are used to combine two strings.

4 block plays a sound without pausing the script.

B. Tick () the correct option.

1 is the area where sprites interact and display the results of your code.

a  Sprite b  Stage

c  Tabs d  Backdrop

2 block is used to show the sprite.

a  next costume b  next backdrop

c  show d  hide

3 blocks help a computer make comparisons, depending on the statements it checks.

a  Comparison b  Mathematical

c  Variable d  Sensing

C. Write T for True and F for False.

1 The green flag button is used to run your project.

2 The formula bar is where you can enter and edit cell contents in an active cell.

3 Mathematical blocks help a computer perform mathematical operations.

4 Control blocks are used to create loops and repeat actions.

D. Answer the following questions.

1 Define coding area.

2 What are variable blocks?

3 What is the use of pick random number block?

4 What is the use of the autosave feature of Google Sheets?

E. Apply your learning.

1 Akshit has made an amazing design in Scratch but doesn’t know how to duplicate a sprite. What should he do?

2 Ana has designed a character in Scratch but doesn’t know how to animate a sprite. What should she do?

3 Rohit created an animation in Scratch but isn’t sure how to add sound effects. What should he do?

4 Mayra wants to use a spreadsheet application, but she does not want to pay any licence fee. Which application will be the most suitable for her?

AI and its Domains

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that is used to create intelligent machines that can learn from data, solve problems, and make decisions.

AI involves using special programs and techniques that enable computers to learn and perform the tasks.

The three main domains of AI are Data Science, Computer Vision, and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Let us learn about these domains.

Data Science

Data is a collection of raw facts that can be transformed into useful information. It can be in the form of text, images, audio, or video. Data science is a vast and interdisciplinary field that involves extracting knowledge and insights from data.

Applications of Data Science

Data science provides valuable insights that can help you in making strategic decisions. Here are some examples:

Marketing: Understanding customer preferences and online behaviour allows companies to develop targeted marketing campaigns and optimise their marketing budget.

Scientific Research: Data science allows researchers in various fields to analyse massive datasets, leading to new discoveries and advancements in medicine, material science, and other areas.

Computer Vision

Computer Vision is another important domain of AI which uses cameras to see and understand visual information.

By using cameras to monitor the environment and keep an eye on activity at the front door, a smart home security system makes use of computer vision.

Data Science Computer Vision NLP

Applications of Computer Vision

Here are some of the most common applications of computer vision.

Self-driving Vehicles: Computer vision enables vehicles to perceive and understand their surroundings, identifying objects like pedestrians, traffic signs, and other vehicles to navigate autonomously.

Healthcare: In medical imaging, computer vision aids in diagnostics by analysing images from X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans to detect diseases and assist medical professionals in making accurate diagnoses.

Natural Language Processing

NLP enables computers to understand human language and generate appropriate responses when we interact with them. It allows computers to talk to us in a way that feels natural to us. Popular examples of NLP applications include Google Assistant, Siri, Alexa, Google Translate, etc.

Applications of NLP

Here are some of the common applications of NLP:

Language Translation: NLP is used extensively in translation applications like Google Translate, where it processes and translates text from one language to another, preserving context and meaning.

Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: NLP powers chatbots and virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, and chat interfaces on websites. These systems understand and generate human-like responses to users’ queries, providing information, assistance, and helping with tasks.

About the Book

Uolo has introduced a comprehensive program, Hexa, for grades 1 to 8, to empower young minds with the knowledge and the skills they need to thrive in the digital age. From the basics of how computers function to the tools that shape our digital landscape, this series opens the door to a world of endless possibilities. This series will build a strong foundation, helping shape the next generation of digital citizens and innovators. It aims to demystify the world of computer science, making it accessible and engaging for young learners, while preparing them for future academic and professional pursuits in the field.

Special Features

• AI Annexures: To offer a basic understanding of specific domains of Artificial Intelligence.

• Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question, related to the concept, that arouses curiosity.

• Think and Tell: Analysis, reflection, and text-to-self connection based prompts for discussion in class.

• Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of a concept.

• Do It Yourself: Short exercises between the chapter to pause and assess comprehension.

• Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom's Taxonomy.

About Uolo

Uolo partners with K-12 schools to bring technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.

ISBN 978-81-979297-8-6

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