COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMPUTER SCIENCE ICSE Hexa
Acknowledgements
Academic Authors: Jatinder Kaur, Ayushi Jain, Anuj Gupta, Simran Singh
Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish
Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh
Project Lead: Jatinder Kaur
VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar
All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
© Uolo EdTech Private Limited
First impression 2025
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.
Book Title: Hexa ICSE Computer Science 1
ISBN: 978-81-980880-7-9
Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited
Corporate Office Address: 85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003
CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986
Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com
All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.
Preface
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, computer science has become an essential field of study, shaping the world around us in countless ways. From the smartphones in our pockets to the vast networks that connect people across the globe, computer science drives innovation and progress in nearly every aspect of modern life. In today’s fast-paced digital world, understanding the basics of computer science is as important as learning to read, write, or solve maths problems.
Recognising this imperative, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum.
Inspired by these insights, Uolo has introduced a comprehensive program, Hexa, for grades 1 to 8, to empower young minds with the knowledge and skills they need to thrive in the digital age. From the basics of how computers function to the tools that shape our digital landscape, this series opens the door to a world of endless possibilities. This series will build a strong foundation, helping shape the next generation of digital citizens and innovators. It aims to demystify the world of computer science, making it accessible and engaging for young learners, while preparing them for future academic and professional pursuits in the field.
We believe that learning computer science should be an engaging and accessible experience for all children. This series takes a project-based approach, allowing students to learn by way of concurrently applying acquired knowledge and skills. As they progress through the course, they will build strong foundations in computational thinking, coding basics, and digital literacy. Our program focuses on three key areas:
1. Computer Science Fundamentals: Core concepts are introduced step by step, ensuring a solid grasp of how computers function, and how information is processed and stored.
2. Latest Computer Tools: Various computer tools relevant to today’s world are included, equipping students with the confidence to thrive in the digital age.
3. Introduction to Coding: The series offers an introductory look into coding, preparing students for more advanced learning in the future.
To broaden the learning process, we have included informational annexures on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its related fields, offering students an early insight into the groundbreaking technologies that are shaping our world. These sections aim to inspire curiosity and encourage a deeper exploration of computer science.
Our mission is to make computer science approachable and exciting for young learners. By providing early exposure, we aim not only to teach about computers but also to cultivate skills that will benefit students in their future endeavours.
We invite you to embark on this exciting journey with us through the world of computer science. Let us empower the next generation with the skills and the knowledge they need to thrive in a digital world.
ISP
Chapter at a Glance Walkthrough of Key Elements
An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet, often for a fees. Some examples of ISPs are BSNL, Airtel, Jio, and Excitel.
Communication Media
Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types.
1. DSL
Chapter Checkup
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.
Project-based Learning: A project-based learning approach employed to foster an engaging and interactive learning experience
2. Cable
Cable is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.
3. Fibre
Explore More: Short videos to find out more about the topic
Fibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, the internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.
Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question, related to the concept, that arouses curiosity
Discuss!
Find out which type of internet connection your house or school has.
Now think of the fan speed knob, or regulator, on the switchboard. It changes the speed at which the fan spins, instead of just switching it on or off. We can have the fan spin at the fastest speed, reduce it to a slower speed, then much slower, and finally switch it off. We can do more things with the regulator than the switch. That is how analog signal works.
e I hold all the blocks for a block category. A Fill in the blanks.
Did You Know: Interesting facts related to the topic
Did You Know?
India has the second-largest internet user base in the world, with over 70 crore users.
Think and Tell
Can you think of more examples of analog and digital signals?
Hints menu bar untitled backdrop blocks create
ISP
An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet, often for a fees. Some examples of ISPs are BSNL, Airtel, Jio, and Excitel.
Analysis, reflection, and text-to-self
1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.
Communication Media
2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click .
Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types.
3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is .
1. DSL
4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.
2. Cable
5 The background of the stage is called the . F Apply your learning.
Cable is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.
3. Fibre
hold all the blocks for a block category. A Fill in the blanks.
Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy
Apply Your Learning: Intellectually stimulating questions designed for higher order thinking and analysis
Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills
A. Fill in the blanks.
Hints menu bar untitled backdrop blocks create
1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.
Chapter Checkup
Fibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, the internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.
1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use?
2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click
e I hold all the blocks for a block category. A Fill in the blanks.
3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is
4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the
Hints menu bar untitled backdrop blocks create
Find out which type of internet connection your house or school has.
5 The background of the stage is called the
F Apply your learning.
Chapter 4 Browsing the Internet
1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.
Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the blanks.
2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click
1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use?
3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is
4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the
5 The background of the stage is called the F Apply your learning.
Test Paper (Based on Chapters 1 to 4)
1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use?
Test Paper (Based on Chapters 1 to 4)
1 In Scratch, the blocks you put together in the script area are called a
2 The is the background of the stage.
1 In Scratch, the blocks you put together in the script area are called a The is the background of the stage.
Computer—A Machine 1
Natural and Human-Made Things
We see many things around us. Some things are present in nature like trees, animals, and rocks. These are called natural things.
Some things are made by humans. These are called human-made things. Chairs, books, and toys are some human-made things.
Tell five natural objects and five man-made objects.
Mud
Chairs
What Are Machines?
Have you seen these things at your home?
These are all machines. They make our work easier.
A washing machine helps us wash our clothes.
A refrigerator helps us keep our food fresh.
A gas stove helps our parents cook food.
Machines are human-made things that help us do different kinds of work. They help us do things faster and save us time.
Some machines need electricity to work.
Some machines need fuel to work.
Some machines need human power to work.
Washing Machine
Refrigerator
Gas Stove
Computers
A computer is also a machine. It needs electricity to work.
We can do many things using a computer.
Learn new things Talk to family and friends Listen to music Play games
Think and Tell
What are some fun things you want to do using a computer?
Did You Know?
The first computer was called ENIAC. It was as big as a room!
How Are Computers Different From Us?
A computer is a very smart machine!
I work very fast. I never get tired. I can store pictures, letters, and videos. I don’t make mistakes.
Write T for True and F for False.
a A computer is a slow machine.
b We can listen to music using a computer.
c A computer can store pictures.
Types of Computers
Computers can be of different types.
A desktop computer is usually big in size.
It needs to be kept on a desk.
Desktop
Laptop
A laptop is smaller than a desktop.
It can be folded and can be carried easily.
We can put it on the lap and work on it.
A tablet can fit in our hands.
We can use it by touching the screen.
Tablet
Smartphone
A smartphone is smaller than a tablet.
We use it by touching the screen.
Discuss! Can computers be smaller than smartphones?
Match the type of computer with its picture.
Tablet
Desktop
Laptop
Smartphone
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints:
1 A is a human-made thing that makes our work easier.
2 We can play on a computer.
3 A computer does not make .
4 A can be folded. It is a computer that can be carried around.
Tree Car Fish Scissors
Suitcase Book Blender Cup
E. Answer the Following.
Write any five natural things.
F. Apply Your Learning.
Simi wants her mother to cook her pasta. Which machine can she use?
Veena wants to buy a computer that she can fold and keep in her bag. Which one can she buy?
There is no electricity in Ritu’s house. Name any three machines that she can use at home without electricity.
Uses of a Computer 2
What Computers Do
Let us think about our school bag. It has different items in it, like books, water bottle, pencil, crayons, and a napkin. We do a different kind of work with each item, like:
We can read from books.
We can drink water from the water bottle.
We can write and draw with a pencil.
We can colour with crayons.
We can wipe our face with a napkin.
In the same way, a computer also has many things in it which lets us do different activities.
Draw and colour
Learn new thingsVideo call family and friends
Activities we can do on a computer
Play games Listen to and record music
Watch videos and filmsSend emails and messagesFind what we want to know
Discuss!
What are some of the new things you wish to learn on a computer?
Write T for True and F for False.
Do you like watching cartoons? They are created on computers. People who make cartoons on computers are called Animators. Did You Know?
a We can talk to our friends using a computer.
b We can smell a flower shown on a computer.
c We can learn to dance using a computer.
Places Where Computers Are Used
We go to different places like restaurants, shopping malls, and airports. People use computers at all these places for different kinds of work. Let’s learn how computers are used at different places.
Hello my friend, How are you?
To book ticketsTo do important work and send messages To teach and learn
Shops and mallsRestaurants Hospitals
1
To order and pay for things To order and pay for food To keep information of patients
Think and Tell
What can we use the computer at home for other than the activities given in this chapter?
Do It Yourself 2B
Explore More!
Computers are used at many other places. Scan this code to know more.
Tick () the things for which computers can be used at a restaurant.
a To pay for food.
b To order the food.
c To chew the food.
2
Tick () the things for which computers can be used at a school.
a To teach and learn.
b To book tickets.
c To play on the field.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints: friends hospital bills games
1 We can play on a computer.
2 We can talk to our using a computer.
3 A computer is used at a to keep information of patients.
4 At a grocery shop, computers can be used to make .
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 In which of these places will a computer not be used for work?
2 Which of these activities will help you to talk to others using a computer?
C. Who Am I?
I am a place where a computer is used:
1 to book an airplane ticket.
2 to order a sandwich.
3 to know about patients.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 We can record music on a computer.
2 We can shake hands with our friends using a computer.
3 A computer can be used at a vegetable shop to make a bill.
4 A computer cannot be used to book a train ticket.
E. Answer the Following.
1 Write any three activities that you can do using a computer.
2 How can a computer be used at an office?
F. Apply Your Learning.
1 Rina works at a restaurant. How can a computer help her?
2 Manu is a doctor. What can he use a computer for in his hospital?
3 Geeta loves to sing and dance. Write two ways in which a computer can be useful for her.
Parts of a Computer 3
Main Parts of a Computer
Our body has different parts that help us to do different things.
In the same way, a computer also has different parts. All these parts help us to work on it.
The four main parts of a computer are: monitor, CPU, keyboard, and mouse. Let us learn more about them.
Monitor
A monitor looks like a TV screen. It shows us what we are doing on a computer. We can watch videos, look at pictures, and read on it.
CPU
A CPU is like the brain of the computer. It orders the other parts of the computer to work properly.
Keyboard
A keyboard helps us write on a computer. It has many buttons on it, known as keys. We can press them to type letters, words, and numbers on a computer.
Mouse
When we move the mouse, a small arrow moves on the monitor. We can use this small arrow to select different things on the monitor. Match the following. 1 Do It Yourself 3A
Devices
The parts of a computer are also called devices. They are of different types:
1. Input Devices: These devices help us tell the computer what to do.
Keyboard: It helps us to write on a computer.
Mouse: It helps us to select an item on the computer monitor.
2. Output Devices: These devices help the computer to share information with us.
Monitor: It shows what we are writing on a computer.
Speakers: It plays sounds and music for us.
3. Storage Devices: Where do you keep your things like toys, clothes, and books? You store them in a cupboard. In the same way, a computer stores information in storage devices. There are many examples for storage devices.
Printer: It prints the work we do on paper.
Write I for input devices and O for output devices.
Hello my friend, how are you? I miss you.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints:
1 The is like a TV screen of the computer. 2 A is a device that helps a little arrow move on the computer screen.
3 The is the brain of the computer.
4 A keyboard is an device.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 Which of these is not an output device?
2 Which of these is a storage device?
Hello my friend, how are you? I miss you.
Hello my friend, how are you? I miss you.
C. Who Am I?
1 I am a set of keys that you press to write on a computer.
2 I order the other parts of the computer to work properly.
3 I am like the TV screen of a computer, where you can see pictures and words.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 The keyboard is a special device that helps us move the arrow on the computer screen.
2 A printer prints the work we do on paper.
3 A mouse has keys to type letters and numbers on the computer.
4 You cannot store any information in a storage device.
E. Answer the Following.
1 What are input devices?
2 Name any two storage devices used in a computer.
3 Why is a monitor an important part of a computer?
F. Apply Your Learning.
1 Shyam wants to select five pictures of his friends on the computer screen. Which part of the computer can he use to do it?
2 Sara is watching a video. Which output device is she using?
3 You have drawn a card on a computer. You have to give it to your friend. Which device will help you get it printed on paper?
Using a Computer 4
Starting a Computer
A computer can be started by following these simple steps:
1. Look for the main power switch. Switch it on.
2. Press the ON button on the CPU.
3. Press the Power button on the monitor.
4. Once turned on, the computer takes some time before it is ready to use. Wait till the Windows screen appears.
We can now start using the computer!
What will happen if we just switch on the main power and then turn on the monitor? Will the computer start?
Write T for True and F for False.
Shutting Down a Computer
To shut down your computer means to turn it off. Always shut down the computer when it is not in use.
A computer can be shut down by following these steps:
1. Click Start to open the menu.
2. Then, click on the Power icon.
3. Click on the Shut down option from the second menu. The computer will start shutting down.
If you turn off the main power switch directly, the computer will turn off immediately. This is dangerous because it can:
1. damage the computer, and
2. damage the activity you were doing on the computer. Therefore, you should always shut down the computer using the above steps.
Computers these days have a part called UPS. The UPS keeps the computer on even if there is no electricity. Did You Know?
Number the images in correct order to shut down the computer. Do It Yourself 4B
Rules for Using Computers
We must be careful when using a computer. Misuse can damage the computer. Here are a few things we should do and not do when using a computer.
Do’s (Things we must do):
Keep your computer clean. Wipe the computer with a soft, dry cloth.
Treat your computer with care. Keep it in a clean, dry, and cool place.
Press the keyboard keys gently.
Turn off the computer when not in use.
Don’ts (Things we must never do):
Don’t switch off the CPU directly. This might damage the computer. Always follow the steps to shut down the computer.
Don’t touch the computer devices with wet or dirty hands. Always keep food away from the computer.
Don’t pull wires from the computer.
Explore More!
Here are a few more do’s and don’ts on using a computer!
Write T for True and F for False.
You can use the computer with wet hands. Switch the CPU off directly to shut down the computer. We should always press keyboard buttons gently.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints:
3 A computer is a .
4 eat or drink near computer.
5 The should be turned on after the main switch to start a computer.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 What do we do first to turn the computer on?
a Switch the main power button on b Turn on the monitor
c Turn the CPU on d Click the left mouse button
2 If we turn off the main power switch directly what could happen?
a Computer may get damaged b Computer shuts down normally
c Computer turns on normally d Monitor turns on
3 We should clean the computer with:
a Wet cloth b Clean and dry cloth
c Water d Our hands
C. Who Am I?
1 You are turning the computer on. You press my button after switching on the main power switch.
2 I am connected to the computer. You should never pull me away.
3 You click on me when you want to turn the computer off.
4 I am a computer part. You should press my keys gently.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 You can turn the power button off directly to shut down a computer.
2 You should wipe a computer clean with a dry cloth.
3 If a wire is stuck somewhere, just pull it out.
4 We should keep the computer running all the time.
5 When switching the computer on, the monitor button is switched on after the CPU has been turned on.
E. Answer the Following.
1 How do we switch the computer on?
2 How do we shut down a computer?
3 How should a computer be cleaned?
4 Write one do and one don’t when using a computer.
F. Apply Your Learning.
1 Riya is using the computer. But she has to go to a birthday party. What should she do to the computer?
2 Sanjay sees a lot of dust on his computer. How should he clean it?
3 Kalpana is using the computer. Her brother offers her food. Should they eat at the computer table or at the dinner table? Why?
Using a Mouse 5
Computer Mouse
Do you like to read?
I like to read books. While reading, I sometimes get lost in the words. To avoid this, my teacher has asked me to point to the words with my finger or with a pencil.
In the same way, we use the computer mouse to point on the screen.
A computer mouse is a pointing device that is used to point on the computer screen.
The mouse was invented by Douglas Engelbart in the 1960s. Did You Know?
Mouse Pointer
Computer
Mouse
Mouse Pointer is a small arrow that appears on your computer screen.
Parts of a Computer Mouse
A mouse has 3 parts
Scroll Wheel
Right Mouse Button
Left Mouse Button
A mouse also has a wire that connects it to the computer.
Nowadays, we also use a mouse that has no wire.
Think and Tell
Which type of mouse would you like to use—wired or wireless? Why?
Do It Yourself 5A
Colour the parts of the mouse as asked. 1
Orange—Left mouse button
Red—Right mouse button
Yellow—Scroll wheel
Black—Body of the mouse
Scrolling Wheel
Left Mouse Button
Right Mouse Button
Uses of a Computer Mouse
A mouse helps us do many things:
Holding a Mouse
To hold a mouse:
Put your index finger on the left mouse button.
Put the middle finger on the right mouse button.
Rest your palm on the mouse.
Hold the side of the mouse with your thumb.
Explore More!
The sensor in the mouse is used to sense the movements of our hand. Scan this QR code to know more.
Using Mouse Buttons
Left Mouse Button
The left mouse button opens the file with a double click.
Using the Scroll Wheel
Scroll Wheel
Right Mouse Button
The right mouse button pops up a list of items. Then, we can click to choose any item.
The scroll wheel helps you move up and down on the screen.
1
Write the names of the fingers that you will keep on these parts of the mouse.
2
Name the part of the mouse that:
a Pops up a list item
b Helps to move up and down in the file
c Opens the file
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints:
1 The on the mouse is used to move up and down on a page.
2 The computer mouse has buttons.
3 We can click the button to select things on the computer.
4 You can click the right button to see .
5 When you move the mouse, a small on the screen moves.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 What is a computer mouse used for?
2 How many buttons does a mouse have?
3 Tick () the small arrow that moves on the screen when you move the mouse.
4 What do we have in between the buttons of the computer mouse?
5 Which button opens a pop-up menu on the screen?
C. Who Am I?
1 I have buttons, usually a left and a right one, that you use to click on the computer screen.
2 I am the finger that is used to click the right mouse button.
3 I am used to scroll up and down on the screen.
4 I am the finger that is used to click the left mouse button.
5 I am a small arrow that appears on your computer screen.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 A computer mouse has a body.
2 A computer mouse is used to type on the screen.
3 The cursor is the small arrow that moves on the screen.
4 You should hold the mouse with your arm.
5 The computer mouse is used to make phone calls.
E. Answer the Following.
1 What is a computer mouse?
2 What is the name of the small arrow that moves on the computer screen when you move the mouse?
3 How many buttons does a computer mouse have?
4 Which mouse button is used to open a file?
5 Why does the mouse have a scroll wheel?
F. Apply Your Learning.
Alex: Hey, Ria, have you ever used a computer mouse before? It’s a cool device that helps you control the computer screen.
Ria: Yeah, I’ve seen it, but I’m not sure how to use and hold it. It looks a bit tricky. Let’s help Ria and Alex by answering the questions.
1 Which finger is used to click the right mouse button?
2 Which part of the hand is used to keep on the body of the mouse?
3 Ria needs to scroll the page. Which part of the mouse is used for scrolling?
4 Which finger is used to click the left mouse button?
5 Which mouse button pops up the menu on the screen?
Using a Keyboard 6 Keyboard
We write on paper with pencil. We write words and sentences.
What if we want words and sentences on the computer? How can we write on a computer?
A keyboard is a part of the computer that helps us write on it. We use the keys on the keyboard to write what we want.
Writing on the computer using a keyboard is called typing.
But how do we know where we are typing?
A standard keyboard has 104 keys on it. Did You Know?
We have a blinking line on the screen! This blinking line is called a cursor. The cursor helps us to know where we can type on the screen.
Now, let us learn about the different types of keys.
Alphabet Keys
We have 26 letters in the English alphabet. For each letter of the alphabet, we have one key on the keyboard. These keys are called alphabet keys. We can use these keys to type words and sentences on a computer.
Alphabet keys
Think and Tell
Which keys will you use to type your name?
Cursor
Number Keys
What if we want to type numbers?
We can use the number keys to type numbers on the computer.
Number keys
We have a key for each number: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
We can type any number using these number keys.
Discuss!
Which number keys will you use to type your age?
Look at the keyboard below. Colour the alphabet keys blue and the number keys green. Do It Yourself 6A
Arrow Keys
We have four arrow keys: up arrow key, down arrow key, right arrow key, and left arrow key.
Arrow keys
We use the left arrow key to move the cursor left.
We use the right arrow key to move the cursor right.
We use the up arrow key to move the cursor up.
We use the down arrow key to move the cursor down.
Special Keys
There are some special keys on a keyboard. Let us learn about them.
Spacebar: The Spacebar helps us to make a space between two words. Pressing the Spacebar once makes the cursor move one place. In this way, a space is created every time the Spacebar key is pressed.
The Spacebar is the largest key on the keyboard.
Spacebar
Enter: The Enter key helps us to go to the next line while typing. The cursor goes to the next line when we press Enter.
Enter
Backspace: We could sometimes make mistakes while typing. The backspace key helps us to erase those mistakes. On pressing the backspace key, the letter or the number before the cursor is erased.
Backspace
Find the names of the keys of the keyboard in this word grid. Do It Yourself 6B
S P A C E B A R
K S R A N U L P
H P R Q T Y P L
F L O W E T H J
G M W R R D A H
Y N S T D S B K
T H N U M B E R
E B X C G F T N
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints:
The arrow key is used to move the cursor up. You can use the key to add space between two words. A is the part of the computer that helps write things on the screen.
The key is used to move the cursor to the next line.
keys.
B. Identify the Keys Correctly.
C. Who Am I?
I have letters, numbers, and symbols on me.
I help you erase letters. I am the key that takes you to a new line. I help you create a space between words.
I am the blinking line that appears on the screen when you start typing.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
The backspace key is used to erase the letters.
The Spacebar is the largest key on the keyboard.
E. Answer the Following.
F. Apply Your Learning.
Charlie wants to type a letter for his teacher. Which keys will he choose to complete the letter?
Sanchit
Fun with Paint 7
Introduction to Paint
When we want to draw, we draw on paper. We use a pencil and crayons. We can draw on a computer as well.
On the computer, we use MS Paint or simply Paint to draw and colour.
Starting Paint
Let us first learn how to open Paint on the computer. To open Paint on your computer, follow these steps:
1. On your computer, click on the Search bar. Type “Paint” in it.
2. Click Paint in the menu.
3. The Paint window opens.
Click on Paint Type “Paint”
Now that the Paint window is open, you can see that it has many parts in it. Let us learn more about them.
Parts of the Paint Window
Here are some of the important parts in the Paint window:
1. Title Bar: It shows the name of our drawing.
2. Tabs: It shows the options File, Home, and View.
3. Tools: This part has tools that help us select colours, fill in colours, type letters and words, erase them, use a pencil to draw, and zoom in and out.
4. Shapes: This part helps us to select and draw different shapes like squares, rectangles, ovals, and triangles.
5. Colors: This part helps us select and use colours.
6. Drawing area: This is the white area where we can draw and colour.
Title Bar
Tools Shapes Colors
Drawing Area Tabs
Match the pictures with their names. Do It Yourself 7A
Shapes
Drawing in Paint
Let us now learn to draw shapes in Paint.
Drawing an Oval
Follow these steps to draw an oval:
1. Open Paint and click on the Shapes group.
2. Click on the Oval shape.
3. After selecting the shape, go to the main drawing area.
4. Hold the left mouse button, move the pointer, and then release the button. You will see that an oval has been drawn.
Drawing a Triangle
Follow these steps to draw a triangle:
1. Click on the Shapes group.
2. This time, select the Triangle shape.
3. After selecting it, go to the main drawing area.
4. Hold the left mouse button, move the pointer and then release the button. You will see that a triangle has been drawn.
In the same way, we can draw many shapes in Paint.
Discuss!
Which is your favourite shape? Which shapes do you want to draw in Paint?
Oval
Triangle
Colouring in Paint
Now that we have learnt to draw the shapes, let us learn to colour them. To add colour to our shapes, follow these steps:
1. Click on the Fill Color tool.
2. Select the colour of your choice from the Colors group.
3. Click on the shape area that you want to fill the colour in. The shape will be coloured.
Color
Saving a Drawing
We have now drawn and coloured in Paint. But what if we want to see our drawing again tomorrow? Saving a file helps us to open our drawing again on the Paint. Let us learn to save our drawings.
1. When the drawing in Paint is open, click on the File tab. A list will open.
2. Click on Save.
3. The Save As box appears on the screen.
4. Type a name for your drawing in the File name box.
5. Finally, click on the Save button.
The drawing has been saved. It can be opened again later. Click on File Click on Save
Type name of your drawing here Click on Save button
Do It Yourself 7D
Write T for True and F for False.
Saving our drawing helps us to see it again.
Saving means that our drawing is now lost.
We can give our drawing any name while saving it.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
1 We can draw and colour using on a computer.
2 We click on shape to draw a circle. 3 The Color tool is used to colour shapes in Paint.
helps us to see our drawings again later.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
In which part of Paint do we draw shapes?
a Title Bar b Tabs
c Drawing Area d Colour Area
Through which tab do we save our drawing? a Home b File
c View d Shapes
What part shows the name of your drawing?
part
Write T for True and F for False.
E. Answer the Following.
Introduction to Coding 8
Do you like solving puzzles?
Yes, right?
How do you solve a puzzle?
You need to put the pieces together in the right order.
Just like solving a puzzle, coding is putting the right instructions in the right order to tell the computer what to do.
An instruction means telling someone what to do.
Coding language is the language used to give instructions to a computer.
We use words to talk to each other.
But, a computer is a machine. It doesn’t understand our words. So, we use coding to talk to computers. There are many different ways to code. One way is to use coding blocks. Each block is a different instruction, like the block which tells the computer to move an object upwards.
You can drag and drop the blocks together to make a code that tells the computer how to do something. The coding language that uses blocks to give instructions is called Block-based coding.
Block-based Coding
Block-based coding is a visual computer language that uses colourful blocks.
In block-based coding, you join blocks just like Lego.
Now, we need to think about what we want the computer to do for us.
We use computers to help us solve problems. What is a problem?
Let’s try to understand what a problem is and how we can solve it.
Problem Solving
Imagine you are trying to find your friend’s house, but you don’t know how to get there.
That is a problem!
A problem is something that we need to solve.
Here are some ways you can follow to solve this problem:
• Ask someone for directions.
• Call your friend and ask him to tell you how to get to his house.
• Use a map to find your way.
Let’s try another example.
Imagine you want to tie your shoes, but you don’t know how. The problem is that you don’t know how to tie your shoelace.
What can be the solution?
You can ask your mother to help you.
The instructions your mother gives you on how to tie your shoelaces is the solution.
Hold each loop and pull to tighten.
Help the kitty reach her home.
B Tick () the Correct Option.
Which of the following is the missing part of the puzzle?
C Write T for True and F for False.
1 A computer is a machine.
2 Computers can understand our language.
3 Block-based coding uses blocks to give instructions.
Exploring Code.org 9
In the previous chapter, we learned about what coding is. It is now time to start our coding journey.
We will learn to code on a platform called Code.org.
Code.org is an educational platform to learn coding in a fun and engaging way.
Let us learn how to solve coding puzzles in the Puzzle Code Studio of the Code.org platform.
A tour of the Puzzle Code Studio
The Puzzle Code Studio includes four main parts, as shown in the given picture.
3
4
The play area is where the program will run.
The toolbox is the area that holds all the blocks needed to solve the puzzles.
Workspace is the area where you will drag the blocks from the toolbox to code.
The instruction area holds the instructions to solve a puzzle.
But the puzzles we start with in this chapter will only have two parts: Instructions and Workspace.
We will start by solving jigsaw puzzles in the Puzzle Code Editor. A jigsaw puzzle is like a game where you put pieces together to make a picture.
The first jigsaw puzzle was a map of Europe. Did You Know?
Puzzle 1
Scan the QR Code to open the activity.
Complete the picture of the elephant.
Read the instructions 1
Place the missing part 3
Left click the missing part.
Observe the missing part 2
Observe the missing part of the elephant in the Workspace.
Hold the button and drag the picture block to complete the picture.
Once the puzzle is completed, a sound will be played. You will also see a message, as shown below.
Make a picture of the house with the given picture blocks.
Read the instructions 1
Observe the house 2
Observe the house image to be made in the Workspace.
Hold the button and drag the picture block to complete the picture. Place the missing part 3
Left click the missing part.
Once the puzzle is completed, a sound will be played. You will also see a message, as shown below.
Coding Challenge
Make a picture of a computer with the picture blocks. Scan the QR Code to open the
Chapter Checkup
1 The play area is where your program will .
2 The toolbox is the area that holds all the needed to solve the puzzles.
3 is the area where you will drag the blocks from the toolbox to code.
4 The instruction area holds the to solve a puzzle.
B Tick (
) the Correct Option.
Which of the following is the missing part of the puzzle?
C Write T for True and F for False.
1 The toolbox on Code.org holds instructions for a puzzle.
2 Code.org has an Instructions section to drag and drop blocks.
3 The Toolbox holds all the blocks you will need to solve the puzzles.
Command and Sequence 10
Command
Look at the picture.
What is the man telling the dog to do?
The man is telling the dog to sit, right?
In coding, the instructions we give to a computer to do something are called commands.
In block-based programming, the blocks are the commands.
We use the code blocks to give commands to a computer.
Let us learn about some of the command blocks and what they do.
Block To turn a character in a direction
North or Up
South or Down
East or Right
West or Left
Let us use these blocks and make the angry bird move to get to the pig.
Activity
Follow the given steps:
Scan the QR Code to open the activity.
1 Drag the East or Right Arrow block and place it below when run block in the workspace.
2 Again, drag one more East or Right Arrow block and join it with the previous block.
3 The code is complete as shown below.
4 Click on the Run button in the Play Area.
5 The angry bird will move and get to the pig.
6 A sound will be played and you will see the following message:
If you accidentally drag out a block you don’t need, just drag it back into the toolbox to delete it.
The Run button allows you to run the code in your workspace. Reset button allows you to reset the workspace.
Select the correct option to help the angry bird get to the pig.
Sequence
When we give more than one command in order, it is called a Sequence.
Everything we do has a sequence, from getting ready for school to playing games or going to bed at night.
Let us look at how a seed becomes a fruit.
1 Take a pot and fill it with soil.
2 Put the seed in the pot and cover it with soil.
3 With enough sunlight and water, the seed will sprout.
4 After a while, the plant will flower.
5 Then, the fruit will grow.
This sequence of a seed becoming a fruit cannot be changed. The seed will not grow into a fruit if the sequence is not followed. Similarly, to do anything in our day-to-day lives, we need a sequence of steps to do a task. But the sequence can be fixed or flexible.
Fixed sequence : There is only one way to do the task.
Flexible sequence : There can be more than one way to do the task.
Let us understand the two by examples. Look at the picture.
Is there more than one way to make the angry bird reach the pig?
What type of sequence is this?
Solution:
Fixed Sequence Only one way to do
Let us take another example. Look at the picture.
Is there more than one way to make the angry bird reach the pig?
What type of sequence is this?
Solution:
Flexible Sequence More than one way to do the task.
Scan the QR Code to open the activity.
Coding Challenge
Help the angry bird catch the pig.
Do It Yourself 10B
1 Number the pictures in the correct sequence.
Chapter Checkup
A Fill in the Blanks.
Hints sequence fixed instructions
1 Commands are the we give to a computer to do something.
2 When we give more than one command in order, it is called a .
3 There is only one way to do a task in a sequence.
B Tick () the Correct Option.
Which of the following is the missing step in the sequence?
C Write T for True and F for False.
1 Flexible sequence means there is only one way to complete a task.
2 A sequence is a specific order of steps to do a task, and it cannot be changed.
3 The block is used to move the character towards left or west.
A. Fill in the Blanks.
1 Things that are present in nature are called things.
2 The type of computer needs to be kept on a desk.
3 In , computers are used to teach and learn.
4 The helps you move up and down on the screen.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 can be folded and can be carried easily.
a Desktop
c Smartphone
b Laptop
d Tablet
2 A computer is used in to order and pay for food.
a Schools
c Restaurants
b Hospitals
d Malls
3 Which of these activities will help you to talk to others using a computer?
a Drawing
c Playing games
b Video calling
d Listening to music
4 A is like the brain of the computer.
a Monitor
c Mouse
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 A monitor looks like a mobile screen.
2 A computer is used to listen to and record music.
3 To shut down your computer means to turn it off.
4 A computer needs electricity to work.
b Keyboard
d CPU
D. Answer the Following Questions.
1 What is a machine?
2 How can a computer be used in a hospital?
3 Name any two storage devices used in a computer.
4 What does the right mouse button do?
E. Apply Your Learning.
1 Jhalak wants to buy a computer that can fit in her hands but should be smaller than a tablet. Which type of computer can she buy?
2 Arpit was in a hurry and about to switch off the CPU directly. Suddenly, his elder sister stopped him from doing so? What could be the reason?
Test Paper 2 (Based on Chapters 6 to 10)
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 is the white area where we can draw and colour.
2 Writing on the computer using a keyboard is called .
3 When we give more than one command in order, it is called a .
4 is an educational platform to learn coding in a fun and engaging way.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 is the area where you will drag the blocks from the toolbox to code.
a Workspace b Toolbox
c Play area d Instruction area
2 Which part of the Paint window shows the name of your drawing?
a Tabs b Tools
c Title Bar d Colors
3 The key helps us to go to the next line while typing.
a Enter b Backspace
c Arrow d Number
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Computers can understand our language.
2 Number keys are 1 to 10.
3 The toolbox is the area that holds all the blocks needed to solve the puzzles.
4 There are three main tabs in Paint.
D. Answer the Following Questions.
1 Which key works like the backspace key?
2 Name the four types of arrow keys.
3 What is the use of backspace key?
E. Apply Your Learning.
1 Rohan wants to type his roll number on the computer. Which keys will he use?
2 Shanu wants to know which key is used to create space between two words.
Fun with AI
AI stands for Artificial Intellingence. AI helps computer think and learn like humans do.
What AI Can Do?
AI can help in schools with learning.
AI can play games with you.
AI can answer your questions.
AI can help doctors treat sick people.
AI helps you open your phone.
AI helps with maps and directions.
AI helps make music or art.
AI helps cars drive by themselves.
AI can understand and talk in many languages.
AI can be in toys and games.
About the Book
Uolo has introduced a comprehensive program, Hexa, for grades 1 to 8, to empower young minds with the knowledge and the skills they need to thrive in the digital age. From the basics of how computers function to the tools that shape our digital landscape, this series opens the door to a world of endless possibilities. This series will build a strong foundation, helping shape the next generation of digital citizens and innovators. It aims to demystify the world of computer science, making it accessible and engaging for young learners, while preparing them for future academic and professional pursuits in the field.
Special Features
• AI Annexures: To offer a basic understanding of specific domains of Artificial Intelligence.
• Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question, related to the concept, that arouses curiosity.
• Think and Tell: Analysis, reflection, and text-to-self connection based prompts for discussion in class.
• Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of a concept.
• Do It Yourself: Short exercises between the chapter to pause and assess comprehension.
• Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom's Taxonomy.
• Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills.
About Uolo
Uolo partners with K-12 schools to bring technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.
ISBN 978-81-980880-7-9
