COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMPUTER SCIENCE ICSE Hexa
Acknowledgements
Academic Authors: Jatinder Kaur, Ayushi Jain, Anuj Gupta, Simran Singh
Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish
Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh
Project Lead: Jatinder Kaur
VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar
All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
© Uolo EdTech Private Limited
First impression 2025
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.
Book Title: Hexa ICSE Computer Science 4
ISBN: 978-81-980880-0-0
Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited
Corporate Office Address: 85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003
CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986
Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com
All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.
Preface
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, computer science has become an essential field of study, shaping the world around us in countless ways. From the smartphones in our pockets to the vast networks that connect people across the globe, computer science drives innovation and progress in nearly every aspect of modern life. In today’s fast-paced digital world, understanding the basics of computer science is as important as learning to read, write, or solve maths problems.
Recognising this imperative, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum.
Inspired by these insights, Uolo has introduced a comprehensive program, Hexa, for grades 1 to 8, to empower young minds with the knowledge and skills they need to thrive in the digital age. From the basics of how computers function to the tools that shape our digital landscape, this series opens the door to a world of endless possibilities. This series will build a strong foundation, helping shape the next generation of digital citizens and innovators. It aims to demystify the world of computer science, making it accessible and engaging for young learners, while preparing them for future academic and professional pursuits in the field.
We believe that learning computer science should be an engaging and accessible experience for all children. This series takes a project-based approach, allowing students to learn by way of concurrently applying acquired knowledge and skills. As they progress through the course, they will build strong foundations in computational thinking, coding basics, and digital literacy. Our program focuses on three key areas:
1. Computer Science Fundamentals: Core concepts are introduced step by step, ensuring a solid grasp of how computers function, and how information is processed and stored.
2. Latest Computer Tools: Various computer tools relevant to today’s world are included, equipping students with the confidence to thrive in the digital age.
3. Introduction to Coding: The series offers an introductory look into coding, preparing students for more advanced learning in the future.
To broaden the learning process, we have included informational annexures on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its related fields, offering students an early insight into the groundbreaking technologies that are shaping our world. These sections aim to inspire curiosity and encourage a deeper exploration of computer science.
Our mission is to make computer science approachable and exciting for young learners. By providing early exposure, we aim not only to teach about computers but also to cultivate skills that will benefit students in their future endeavours.
We invite you to embark on this exciting journey with us through the world of computer science. Let us empower the next generation with the skills and the knowledge they need to thrive in a digital world.
ISP
Chapter at a Glance Walkthrough of Key Elements
An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet, often for a fees. Some examples of ISPs are BSNL, Airtel, Jio, and Excitel.
Communication Media
Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types.
1. DSL
Chapter Checkup
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.
Project-based Learning: A project-based learning approach employed to foster an engaging and interactive learning experience
2. Cable
Cable is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.
3. Fibre
Explore More: Short videos to find out more about the topic
Fibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, the internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.
Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question, related to the concept, that arouses curiosity
Discuss!
Find out which type of internet connection your house or school has.
Now think of the fan speed knob, or regulator, on the switchboard. It changes the speed at which the fan spins, instead of just switching it on or off. We can have the fan spin at the fastest speed, reduce it to a slower speed, then much slower, and finally switch it off. We can do more things with the regulator than the switch. That is how analog signal works.
e I hold all the blocks for a block category. A Fill in the blanks.
Did You Know: Interesting facts related to the topic
Did You Know?
India has the second-largest internet user base in the world, with over 70 crore users.
Think and Tell
Can you think of more examples of analog and digital signals?
Hints menu bar untitled backdrop blocks create
ISP
An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet, often for a fees. Some examples of ISPs are BSNL, Airtel, Jio, and Excitel.
Analysis, reflection, and text-to-self
1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.
Communication Media
2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click .
Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types.
3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is .
1. DSL
4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.
2. Cable
5 The background of the stage is called the . F Apply your learning.
Cable is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.
3. Fibre
hold all the blocks for a block category. A Fill in the blanks.
Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy
Apply Your Learning: Intellectually stimulating questions designed for higher order thinking and analysis
Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills
A. Fill in the blanks.
Hints menu bar untitled backdrop blocks create
1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.
Chapter Checkup
Fibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, the internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.
1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use?
2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click
e I hold all the blocks for a block category. A Fill in the blanks.
3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is
4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the
Hints menu bar untitled backdrop blocks create
Find out which type of internet connection your house or school has.
5 The background of the stage is called the
F Apply your learning.
Chapter 4 Browsing the Internet
1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.
Chapter Checkup A. Fill in the blanks.
2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click
1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use?
3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is
4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the
5 The background of the stage is called the F Apply your learning.
Test Paper (Based on Chapters 1 to 4)
1 Nia is making a Scratch project where she needs to move the dog from left to right. Which block should she use?
Test Paper (Based on Chapters 1 to 4)
1 In Scratch, the blocks you put together in the script area are called a
2 The is the background of the stage.
1 In Scratch, the blocks you put together in the script area are called a The is the background of the stage.
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•
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• Naming
•
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• Positioning a Sprite
• Moving a Sprite
• Pen Extension
• Drawing a Line
• Saving a Scratch Project
• Opening an Existing Scratch Project
This chapter is not a part of the prescribed ICSE curriculum. It has been added after consideration of the latest trends in the computer science field. Teaching this chapter or including it in the assessment process is entirely at the discretion of the school and the subject teacher.
All about Data and Storage 1
Understanding Computers
Do you know, we did not always have watches or mobile phones to know the time.
Long ago, people used something called sundials. They used the sun’s shadow to know what time it was.
The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur was built by the king, Sawai Jai Singh II. It is the world’s largest stone sundial! Did You Know?
Later, large clocks were invented. Then, these clocks got smaller in size. They could be carried around in pockets or worn on one’s wrist.
Nowadays, we have smartwatches that not only tell us the time but also do much more than that, like:
• showing messages,
• letting us use the internet, and
• setting alarms.
This is how clocks have got better and smarter over time. But since ancient times, they have served a common purpose—to track time!
Devices and Computers
Things around us that perform specific tasks are called devices. If you look closely, we are surrounded by devices. Even a nail is a simple device that helps us hang photographs or a calendar on the wall. A smartphone is a complex device that helps us stay connected with friends and family, send messages, watch videos, and even play games.
Think and Tell
Name a few devices around you and say how you use them.
The Computer: A Remarkable Device!
Computers are smart devices that can help us do lots of things. We can use the internet on it to find information on many topics.
Computers also let us play games, watch videos, type assignments, and draw pictures on them.
Like clocks, computers have also evolved through the ages. The first computer, developed by Charles Babbage, was bigger than a room. Smartwatches, on the other hand, are actually small computers!
A computer is an electronic device or machine that performs various calculations and carries out different tasks for us, based on the instructions that we give it.
Explore More!
Computers are becoming stronger and tinier. Know more about it here!
But how does the computer do all this? Let’s learn about it in the next section.
Data, Processing, and Information
A computer takes inputs from us in the form of ‘data’, processes them, and finally provides us with output in the form of ‘information’.
But what is Data and Information?
Data is facts, numbers, or symbols that we collect and enter into the computer.
Information is the knowledge or understanding that we gain when the computer analyses and puts together the data that we entered in it.
Let’s understand data and information further with the help of an example.
Imagine you have a jigsaw puzzle with many pieces that together make a picture. Each piece shows only a part of the picture and doesn’t reveal the whole picture on its own.
But when you put all the pieces together and finish the puzzle, you see and understand the full picture! Similarly, data is like the separate pieces of the puzzle. As pieces, they do not give us complete information. However, when we put them together in the right way, they become the information we need.
Discuss!
Give one example of data and information with your partner.
In a nutshell, a computer is a device that accepts input data from us, processes it as per the instructions we provide, and finally produces the result as output or information. So, watching videos, listening to music, and playing games on the computer are all examples of input, processing, and output.
Computers process data using the Central Processing Unit or CPU. The CPU is like the brain of the computer. It takes our inputs and processes them. After processing the data, the computer gives us the results, or output, on a screen, on paper, or as a sound on the speaker. With time, devices are getting smaller and faster. It happened with clocks; now, it is happening with computers too!
Explore More!
Think and Tell
Can you think of some more examples of input and output in computers?
What does the inside of a computer look like? What does a CPU look like? Scan and find out.
Do It Yourself 1A
Which of the following is not a device? Tick () the right option.
Virus b Pen c Hammer d Comb
Write T for True and F for False.
a Clocks have grown in size over the last few hundred years.
b Computers continue to get smaller and faster with time.
c Computers can help us only to watch films.
d Data is like the pieces of a puzzle, while information is like the complete picture.
Imagine that you are scrolling down the computer screen with your mouse. Arrange the steps as a. to c. in the correct order.
Steps
Processing the input
Looking at the movement of the mouse on the screen
Moving the mouse on the table
Computer Memory
Akshay loves to write. In fact, he writes in his personal diary every night before he goes to bed. He shares everything with his diary: what went well in the day, what did not; what made him happy, what did not; and what he learnt and what he could have done better. He writes it all down.
Just like the diary stores the details of Akshay’s day, a computer has memory to store data and information. Everything that we do on the computer is stored in its memory, for example, saving a file, storing pictures, and downloading something from the internet.
Understanding Computer Memory
Computer memory is measured in units called Bytes. Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB) and Terabytes(TB) are bigger units of computer memory.
1024 Bytes = 1 KB (KiloByte)
1024 KB = 1 MB (MegaByte)
1024 MB = 1 GB (GigaByte)
1024 GB = 1 TB (TeraByte)
Did You Know?
Storage with capacities in Gigabytes (GBs) and Terabytes (TBs) are like super-duper backpacks that can hold a LOT of information!
A storage of 1 GB is equivalent to about 20,000 photos or videos as long as 300 hours!
A TB is even larger—it is roughly equivalent to 20 lakh photos and 3-lakh hours long videos!
There are two types of computer memories—Primary and Secondary.
Computer Memory
Let us understand the two using the example of Akshay and his diary.
Primary Memory
Many things happen in Akshay’s life. Akshay remembers things that happened even a few years ago. However, as he grows older, newer things will keep happening in his life. This makes him forget the older things, at times.
So, we can say that Akshay’s mind is his primary memory.
Similarly, in computers, its Primary Memory holds data related to programs that are currently running in it. It’s like the computer’s working area, where it keeps everything that it is actively using.
Primary Memory, therefore, is the computer’s internal memory where it stores data related to currently running programs. It is the built-in memory of the computer and is always available to the CPU.
In computers, a type of Primary Memory exists which is called Random Access Memory or simply RAM.
RAM is that type of the computer’s primary memory that stores information about the programs you are using right now. For example, working on a document, playing a game or listening to music. When the computer is turned off, the RAM is cleared, like a blackboard is wiped clean.
Computer Functions Using RAM
The other type of Primary Memory is called Read Only Memory or ROM.
ROM is that type of the Primary Memory that stores important instructions and information that the computer always needs for functioning. It contains rules that the computer reads every time it starts, so it knows how to work. But if you switch off the computer, unlike RAM, ROM does not erase its memory.
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM ROM
RAM is like the computer’s short-term memory. When the computer is turned off, data is lost.
ROM is like the computer’s long-term memory. Data is not lost when the computer is turned off.
It helps the computer work faster and better. It helps to run the computer.
Data on the RAM can be changed or erased.
It is used to store data and instructions that the computer is currently using.
E.g. RAM is used to store the data of the game we are currently playing.
Data on the ROM cannot be changed or erased.
It is used to store important instructions that help the computer perform its basic functions like shutting down and restarting.
E.g. ROM is used to store the information for things like starting and rebooting the computer.
Think and Tell
Secondary Memory
We learnt that the Primary Memory, like our mind’s memory, is limited.
But what about Akshay’s diary? After sometime, Akshay could forget older things that had happened, but the diary will continue to store them. The diary is, therefore, an example of what is called the Secondary Memory.
Sometimes, our computers hang, or programs suddenly crash. Is this problem related to RAM or ROM?
Secondary memory, also known as auxiliary memory, is the computer’s external storage beyond the primary memory. It is used to store data and programs that are not immediately needed by the computer’s processor.
The memory of your computer can be increased using secondary storage devices. Some examples of secondary storage devices are external hard disks, pen drives (also called flash drives), and SD cards.
Let us learn more about them.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
It is the main storage device for a computer. It is made up of disks called platters. It is generally a part of the computer but it can removed and replaced. We also call it a Hard Drive. HDDs can store data in several Gigabytes (GBs) and even a few Terabytes (TBs).
External Hard Disk
External Hard Disks can be connected to the computer. They can store data in Gigabytes (GB) or even in Terabytes (TB). They are not fitted inside the CPU and are generally connected to the computer with a wire. It is a portable storage device, which means we can carry an External Hard Disk with us.
Pen Drive
A Pen Drive is a small and handy device that helps us store and carry important information such as our school projects, pictures, and even music or videos. These tiny devices can store a lot of data, up to 2 TB! They are also called Flash Drives. They are also portable like External Hard Disks but are much smaller in size.
Memory Card
A Memory Card is a small, flat device that is mostly used to extend the memory of devices like a camera or a smartphone. Even though it is very small, it can store a lot of pictures and videos!
Using a memory card is easy. We just need to slide it into the memory card slot of our device. Once it’s inside, our device can read the information stored on the memory card. Memory cards typically store data up to a few hundreds of GBs.
Compact Discs (CDs) and Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs)
These are small and shiny discs that we can put inside a CD or DVD player. We usually use these to listen to music, watch films, and play games. We can also store other important things like files and pictures on CDs and DVDs. CDs typically store data up to a few hundreds of kilobytes (KBs), while DVDs up to a few GBs.
Cloud Storage
These days, we also have a digital storage space called Cloud Storage. It is like a big storage space on the internet where you can keep all your files and access them anytime, anywhere, and from any device as long as you are connected to the internet. Cloud Storage can provide large storage capacity. Most of the time, we get free Cloud Storage of up to a few GBs.
Explore More!
Don’t you think it is magical to use your files from anywhere and at anytime? Let us learn more about Cloud Storage here!
3 Do It Yourself 1B
Classify each of the following as Primary Memory or Secondary Memory devices.
Which type of Primary Memory is used for these functions? Write the correct type in the blank beside it.
Computer Functions
a A game is played on the computer
b Managing how a mouse would connect to the computer
c How the computer would restart
d A website is opened on the Google chrome
RAM or ROM
Arrange the following devices in order of their usual storage space, from highest to lowest.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
is just simple facts, numbers, or symbols that we collect.
The knowledge or understanding we gain from the processed or organised data is called . make our lives easier.
A KiloByte is equivalent to bytes.
Storage with capacity in can hold a lot of information.
I have turned off the computer. The data stored on will still be there when I turn the computer on again. The data on , however, might get lost.
storage of the computer is limited, while storage is unlimited.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
Hard disk is also known as:
a Hard drive
c SD card
Which memory stores data on the internet?
a RAM
b Pen drive
d Cloud storage
b Cloud Storage
c Hard Disk d Flash Drive
The smallest unit of data among the following is:
a Byte
c KB
How many types of memory are there in a computer?
a One
c Three
TB
GB
Two
Four
We can use the computer to print documents. Which of the following is the input for this function?
a The document is printed out by the printer.
c The user types on the document.
b The user clicks on the Print command.
d The user saves the document in the Cloud.
C. Who Am I?
People add me when they have limited space on their camera. I am like loose pieces of knowledge. Putting me together gives you the complete picture.
I am used by the computer for running active programs.
I’m a digital place up high, when files go up into the sky.
No physical form, just digital space, where your important things find a safe place.
You can use me, near or far, with an internet connection, no matter where you are.
What am I? Can you tell? A special storage, like a virtual spell.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
ROM is the secondary storage device connected to the computer.
Secondary memory is also called internal memory.
Things stored in Cloud Storage can be accessed from anywhere.
If my computer is running slowly, it could be because I am running too many programs and taking up too much RAM.
E. Answer the Following.
Do you think a computer is a device? Explain your answer.
How many types of computer memory are there? Explain them, briefly.
What is Secondary Memory? Give three examples of Secondary Memory.
What is Cloud Storage? Write two advantages of cloud storage. What are the
and information? Mention any two.
F. Apply Your Learning.
Arnav is a Grade 4 student who loves drawing on his tablet. He has made many amazing drawings, but he’s worried about losing them if something happens to his tablet. Which storage should Arnav use to save his digital art?
Nisha is an engineer. She works on multiple programs on her computer for long hours. She often struggles with her computer as it keeps hanging every now and then. She finally decides to buy a new computer. What are some of the things she should keep in mind when buying a new computer?
Hint: Think about primary and secondary memory!
While working on his project, Rahul was using the internet on his computer to look for pictures. After a while, he decided to take a lunch break. While he was eating lunch, there was a power cut and the computer switched off immediately. Would Rahul find his website exactly as he left it when he turns his computer on again? Explain your answer.
Understanding Operating Systems 2
Operating Systems
We can do a lot of things on computers—play music, watch videos, and play games.
But do you know what makes all these things possible? The Operating System (OS).
The OS makes the computer run smoothly and do multiple things in it.
But what is an Operating System (OS)?
An Operating System is a software that helps us to communicate with the computer and tell it what to do.
Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.
The OS is like the principal of a school. Just like the principal runs the school, the OS runs a computer.
There are many types of Operating Systems, as shown below:
Features of an Operating System
Let us look at some of the features of an Operating System.
Did You Know?
The first operating system was called “GM-NAA/O” and was released in the 1950s.
• Easy-to-use interface: An interface is a medium to talk to a machine. The OS is an interface that lets you talk to your computer. You can use icons, buttons, and menus to tell the computer what you want it to do.
• File management: The OS helps you to organise files and folders in a proper way. It also helps you to find your files easily when you need them. It is like a digital assistant.
• Multitasking: The OS lets you work on multiple tasks at the same time. You can easily switch between different apps and programs without any confusion. For example, you can paint a picture and play a song on your computer at the same time.
• Memory management: The OS keeps track of how much memory each program is using and makes sure that no program uses too much memory.
• Device management: The OS manages all the devices connected to your computer and makes sure they are ready for use when needed. For example, if you want to print a document, the operating system makes sure that the printer is connected to your computer and that it is ready to print.
Introduction to Windows 10
Windows 10 is one of the most popular Operating Systems for computers. It has many features and functions.
To start a computer that has Windows 10, do the following:
1. Press the power button to turn on your computer.
Explore More!
2. The computer then starts getting the system ready for you to use it. This process is called Booting. The program which helps in booting is known as the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) program.
3. Once Windows 10 is loaded, you will see the Windows 10 desktop. Let us learn the different elements of the Windows 10 desktop.
Did You Know?
Windows lets you unlock your computer using your face, fingerprint, or an eye scan to make it more secure.
Elements
Desktop
Taskbar
Start button
Icons
Wallpaper
Description
The main screen on the computer when it is ready to use.
This is a bar at the bottom of the screen on the Desktop.
Opens the Start Menu on clicking. The Start Menu shows the list of all the apps installed on your computer.
These are shortcuts of files and folders on the desktop that we can quickly access.
Think and Tell
The wallpaper is the background image on your desktop. Which icons do you think we should have on our desktop?
The Windows OS has evolved over time. Scan this to know more about it.
Start button Taskbar
Do It Yourself 2A
Wallpaper
Which of the following are the elements of the desktop? Tick () the correct option.
a Taskbar b Start Button
c Icons d All of the above
Write T for True and F for False.
a We can paint on a computer even without an operating system.
b The computer boots when it is switched on.
c We can have many icons on the desktop.
Match the Columns.
Column A
Desktop
Column B
Manages computer software
Booting Process of starting the computer
Taskbar Area where you see icons and wallpapers
Desktop Elements—Deep Dive
We have many things in our room—clothes, notebooks, toys, and so on.
But we place our most important things on the tabletop, things that we use most frequently. Similarly, we put our most important apps, files, and folders on the desktop. Let’s learn more about the elements of the desktop.
Taskbar
The Taskbar is the bar in the bottom of the window. You can put your favourite apps on the taskbar so you can find them easily. This is really helpful when you use the same apps many times, like a web browser or a game.
Components of the Taskbar
• Start button: The Start button is like the gateway to your computer. By clicking on it, you can access your programs, settings, and files.
• Search button: The Search button is a handy tool next to the Start button. It allows you to search for files, programs, settings, and even search the internet.
• Cortana: Cortana is a feature that allows you to talk to the OS when using your computer. It responds with a voice.
• Dock: The dock is an area on the Taskbar where you can put shortcuts to your favourite apps for easy access. It’s like a quick menu for opening your most-used programs with just one click.
• Notification area: The notification area, or the system tray, is a small part on the right side of the Taskbar. It shows icons for programs and notifications. It tells you important things, like new emails or updates.
• Desktop show/Hide button: The desktop show/hide button is a button on the taskbar. It helps you quickly minimise or hide all open windows and show your desktop with just a click.
Aero Peek
Aero Peek is a feature in Windows that lets you see your desktop without actually minimising any of your open windows. To use Aero Peek, you just need to hover your mouse over open applications in the Taskbar.
Hover means letting your cursor float over an icon without clicking it.
Discuss!
How can you use Cortana’s help to quickly open your favourite game?
The next time you are using a computer, why don’t you try and hover over all the Taskbar features to see what they do?
Changing the Taskbar Location
The taskbar location can be changed on the screen. It can be placed on the left, right, top, or bottom of the screen.
Let us see how we can change the location of the taskbar:
Did You Know?
Some operating systems, like Android, have fun names inspired by delicious desserts. Each new version is named after a different treat, like Cupcake, Donut, and Marshmallow.
1. Move the mouse pointer to the Taskbar and right-click on it.
2. Choose the Taskbar settings option from the pop-up menu.
Choose the Taskbar settings
3. The Settings window opens up for Taskbar features. Scroll down to the option ‘Taskbar location on screen’.
Select where you would like your taskbar to be. The taskbar will automatically move to the new position you selected.
Shortcut Menus
Select the location from the drop-down
Shortcut menus are menus that pop up when we right-click on the Desktop and icons. From those pop-up menus, we can choose a few options such as making new files or folders, sorting icons, opening or renaming the names of apps, etc.
Desktop Shortcut Menu
Steps to open the shortcut menu to personalise your Desktop:
1. Right-click on an empty area in the desktop, and a menu will pop up.
2. Select the Personalize option from the pop-up menu.
3. You may change features such as the desktop background, windows colour, etc.
Icons Shortcut Menu
Steps to open the icon shortcut menu to change the properties of an application:
1. Right-click on an icon on the desktop, and a shortcut menu will pop up.
2. Select the Properties option.
3. View the details or apply changes such as renaming the application or changing the icon.
Shortcut Keys
Imagine you are working on a school project. You need to switch between a document and a web browser. How will you do that?
You can click on their icons in the taskbar at the bottom of your screen. It is like changing channels on your TV.
But do you know that we can switch between the two things in even faster ways by using Shortcut keys?
The Windows key is a special key at the bottom-left of the keyboard. It is used in combination with other keys to make Shortcut keys.
Let us learn about a few shortcut keys and their function.
Shortcut Key Function
Windows key Tab +
Windows key Tab +
Windows key Tab +
Windows key Tab +
Opens the Task View, where you can switch between open windows and virtual desktops.
Windows key C +
Windows key Tab +
Windows key C +
Windows key C +
Windows key C +
Windows key C +
Windows key S +
Opens the Cortana search box for voice or text-based searches.
Windows key S +
Windows key S +
Windows key S +
Windows key S +
Windows key I +
Windows key I +
Windows key I +
Windows key I +
Windows key I +
Windows key D +
Windows key D +
Windows key D +
Windows key D +
Windows key D +
Do It Yourself 2B
Opens the Search feature to find files, applications, settings, or even search the web.
Open the Settings menu, where you can customise various options related to your computer.
Minimises all open windows and takes you directly to the desktop.
Search for the words given in the box Word Grid. 1 2
Imagine you have lots of apps open on your computer. You want to close one of them. How can you figure out the one you want to close without actually maximising it? Tick () the correct option.
a Using Aero Shake b Using Sneak Peek
c Using Aero Peek d Using Aero Snap
Words: WINDOWS 10
c To personalise the desktop. d To play games. 3
Which of the following is a use of the Desktop Shortcut Menu? Tick () the correct option.
a To play songs. b To access frequently used files.
Desktop Settings
Let us learn to apply various settings such as theme colour, font, background, screen saver, mouse pointer, date and time, and volume on the computer desktop, one by one.
Setting Theme Colour
Steps to customise the colours on your computer:
1. Click the Start button and select the gear icon to open the Settings menu.
Select Settings from Start
Did You Know?
In the 1950s, the first computer operating system, called “General Motors Research Operating System,” was developed to control and manage early computers.
2. Choose the Personalization option from the menu.
3. Select Colors option from the sidebar.
4. Choose a colour of your choice from the Windows colors palette.
Select Colors option
Choose a color
5. The changes will take effect right away.
Setting Theme Font
Steps to adjust fonts on your computer:
1. Open Settings and select Personalization option.
2. Select Fonts option.
3. Select the font style and size you want.
Choose a font
Select Fonts option
4. Preview the font as you make the changes.
5. The font settings will be applied automatically.
Setting Background
Steps to change your desktop background:
1. Right-click on the desktop.
2. Select the Personalize option.
3. Select Background option.
4. Choose a picture or browse for other options.
5. The picture will be set as your desktop background immediately. Select Personalize
Select Background option
Setting Screen saver
A screen saver is a fun and colourful display that appears on a computer screen when you’re not using it for a while.
Choose a picture
What are some creative or fun screen savers that you have come across or would love to have on your computer? Think and Tell
Let us see how we can change it.
1. Open Settings and choose the Personalization option.
2. Select the Lock screen option.
3. Scroll down and click on Screen saver settings. Select Lock screen option Click on Screen saver settings
4. Choose a screen saver from the options.
Choose a Screen saver
5. Click Apply and then OK to save your changes.
Changing Mouse Pointer
Steps to change mouse pointer:
1. Type “control” in the Search bar.
2. Choose the Control Panel app.
3. Choose the Mouse option.
Choose Control Panel
Type “control” in Search bar
Choose Mouse
4. Go to the Pointers tab in the Mouse Properties window.
5. Choose a Pointer of your choice from the Customize section. Select Pointers Tab
Choose a Pointer
6. Preview and select your favourite pointers.
7. Click on Apply and then OK buttons to save the changes.
Setting Date and Time
Steps to set date and time:
1. Open Settings from the Start button.
2. Select the Time & Language option.
Think and Tell
Which style of mouse pointer would you like to use?
Select Settings from Start
Select Time & Language
3. Select Date & Time option.
4. Toggle the switch to turn on the automatic time settings. Toggle means switching between two options by pressing or clicking. Here the options are on and off.
Select Date & Time
Adjusting Volume
Steps to adjust volume:
Toggle the switch to turn on the automatic time
1. Click on the Speaker icon at the bottom right-hand corner of the screen.
Select the Speaker icon
2. Choose the Open Volume mixer option.
Select Open Volume mixer
3. Move the volume slider up or down to adjust the volume as you want.
4. Click on the speaker icon to mute or unmute the volume. Use sliders to change the volume
Click on the speaker icons to mute or unmute
How can you set the date and time on your computer? Tick () the correct option.
a Go to the Control Panel and select “Date and Time”.
b Right-click on the taskbar and choose “Date and Time Settings”.
c Use the shortcut key “Ctrl + D”.
d Open the Start menu and click on “Time and Date”.
Write T for True and F for False.
a The theme setting colour can be changed.
b The theme font style can be changed.
c The screen saver appears randomly at any time of the day.
d The volume can be adjusted using the icon in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Windows 10 is an example of an . When you turn on a computer, it goes through a process known as .
The is the main screen of your computer where you can place shortcuts, files, and folders.
The button on the taskbar launches a voice assistant to help you search for information.
The area on the taskbar displays notifications and system icons.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
The feature that allows you to change the mouse pointer on your computer is called
a Restarting
c Mouse Pointer Personalization
b Booting
d Cursor Styling
The icon is used to change the volume level on your computer.
a Start
c Volume Control
b Taskbar
d Control Panel
The search feature in Windows 10 that helps you find files, settings, and applications is called the
a Start Button
c Quick Access
b Search Bar
d Notification Area
The background image displayed on your computer’s desktop is called . a Mouse b Screen saver
c Background Image d Desktop Theme
C. Who Am I?
I help you make your device work smoothly, and control all the apps and games you love to use. Without me, your device wouldn’t know what to do.
I am the screen where you can do lots of things on your computer. You can click on icons to open programs and change settings.
I am a small picture or symbol that represents a program, file, or folder on your desktop. You can click on me to open or access what I represent.
I am a special area on your computer screen where you can see and switch between open programs or apps. You can find me at the bottom of the screen.
I am a virtual assistant, and I am always here to help you with your computer needs. You can talk to me if you have any questions.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
We boot the computer to shut it down.
The data and time set in the computer can never be changed.
The Taskbar in Windows 10 includes features like the Start button, Cortana Search, and the Notification Area.
Aero Peek lets you see your desktop without minimising any windows. Just hover your mouse over the taskbar icons.
Answer the Following.
of her
10 interface. How would she customise the
Rahul wants to change the appearance of his mouse pointer. How would he customise the mouse pointer’s shape and size?
Anika wants to change the wallpaper on her Windows 10 desktop to a picture of her favourite superhero. How would she do that?
Rohit wants to adjust the volume of the music playing on his computer. How would he use the taskbar to control the volume?
John is an American and is traveling to India for work. There is a time difference of about 11 hours and 30 minutes. What should be the changes that he can make in his computer so that he can work better here?
Managing Files and Folders 3
Introduction to Files and Folders
Human beings have always valued writing down memories and experiences. Ancient civilisations recorded their stories, beliefs, and experiences in cave paintings, on clay tablets, and stone inscriptions.
Discuss!
As civilisation advanced, so did the method of recording. It led to the development of writing systems and eventually, the invention of paper and printing.
In modern times, we store important information on our computers for easy access.
But where is this information stored on our computers?
All this information is stored in files on a computer system.
A file is a digital space used to store different types of information on a computer. It acts like a container for items like images, videos, texts and so on.
When we are at school, we take notes in our notebooks. Can we compare a computer file with a notebook?
Files store information for us.
But at times, we might need to organise files. You may, for instance, need to put all school-related files together in one place and other files in a different place. Folders help us do that.
We can also create a folder within another folder. A folder within a folder is called a sub-folder.
A folder is a container that stores files and other folders. Folders can be used to organise files and make them easier to find. They act as holders where you can group similar files together.
Creating a File
Did You Know?
Folders are also called Directories.
We can create different types of files. Let us learn how to create a Microsoft Word file.
Steps to create a Word file:
1. Right-click on an empty space on the desktop. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Place the cursor over the New option.
3. Click on the Microsoft Word Document option.
4. A new Word Document will be created with a default name.
Explore More!
Creating Folders and Subfolders
Steps to create a folder:
1. Right-click on an empty space on the desktop. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Place the cursor over the New option.
3. Click on the Folder option.
4. A new folder will be created with a default name—New folder.
5. To create a folder quickly, press the Ctrl+Shift+N keys together.
Steps to create a subfolder:
1. Open the main folder by double-clicking on the icon.
Position the cursor over the New option.
2. Right-click inside the main folder. Follow the same steps as earlier to create the folder easily. A new folder within this folder will now be created. Click on the Folder option.
Renaming Files and Folders
We learnt how to create files and folders. New files and folders are assigned default names once created.
Let us learn how to rename them according to our preferences.
Renaming a folder/file means changing the name of our digital files and folders.
Steps to rename a folder:
1. Right-click on the folder. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Select Rename option. This will let us change the name of the folder.
3. Type in a new name.
4. Press Enter key or click outside the folder to save the new name.
Select the Rename option.
Steps to rename a file:
1. Right click on the file, a pop-up menu will appear.
2. Select the Rename option. This will let us change the name of the file.
3. Type in the new name for the file.
4. Press Enter key or click outside the file to save the new name. Select the Rename option.
Think and Tell
Why do you think it is important to give correct names to folders?
Explore More!
We learnt how to create a Word Document. Scan the QR to learn about other types of files.
Do It Yourself 3A
Write T for True and F for False:
a Files help us to store information on the computer.
b Files can only store texts in the form of Word documents.
c Folders help us to organize our files in the computer.
d We can create folders within a folder.
e We are allowed to rename files, but not folders.
2
Number the following steps a to d to create a folder in the correct order.
Give it a name.
Position the cursor over the New option.
Click on the Folder option.
Right-click on the desktop.
Selecting Files and Folders
To do any operation on a file or folder, we first need to select it. Let us learn about this.
Selecting a File or Folder
Steps to select a single file or folder:
1. Click on the file or folder you want to select.
Selecting Multiple Files or Folders
Steps to select multiple files or folders:
Click on the file or folder to select it.
1. Press and hold the Ctrl key and select the files by left clicking on them one by one.
Click on the files or folders one by one to select.
2. All the files will be selected.
Selecting a Range of Files or Folders
Steps to select a range of adjacent files or folders:
1. Press and hold the Shift key.
2. Click on the first file or folder in the range.
3. Click on the last file or folder in the range.
Press and hold Shift key on your keyboard. 2 1 3
Click on the first file or folder in the range.
Click on the last file or folder in the range.
Duplicating Files and Folders
Let us say we are preparing for a play for the Annual Day at school. We have one copy of the script, but there are nine students acting in the play. We need to make copies of the script so that everyone can have their own copy. What can we do?
We can go to the nearest photocopy shop. The shopkeeper creates an exact copy of our document by pressing the Copy button on a photocopy machine. Once the copying process is complete, he takes the freshly copied document and gives it to us.
Similarly, on a computer, you can copy files and folders and paste them in different locations. The main document that you copied remains at the same location without any changes. Hence, duplicating files and folders means making an exact copy of a file or folder and pasting the copied file or folder into a different location of our choice. You can copy and paste the copied file or folder to the same location also, it will be saved with the similar name with Copy word as suffix
Steps to copy and paste a file in a folder:
1. Right-click on the file or folder you want to copy. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Click on the Copy option.
3. Open the folder you want to paste it in.
4. Right-click on the empty space in the desired folder. Then, select the Paste option.
5. The copy of the file or folder is now in the new location.
6. You can use Ctrl+C to copy and Ctrl+V to paste.
Moving Files and Folders
To make our books easy to find, we organise our bookshelves. Similarly, to tidy up our computer drive, we can move a file or folder to a different place. When we want to move a folder or file on a computer, we can use a special command called Cut and Paste.
First, we select the folder or file we want to move, just like a person picking up a stack of documents. Then, we Cut the folder or file, which is like lifting the stack of documents off a table.
Finally, we Paste the folder or file in the new location. The computer moves the whole folder/ file there, just like a person sets down a stack of documents in a new spot.
Steps to move a folder or file:
1. Right-click on the folder or file. A pop up menu will appear.
2. Click on the Cut option.
3. Open the folder you want to paste it in.
4. Right-click on an empty space where you want to move the folder or file and then select Paste.
5. The file will be moved to the new location.
6. You can use Ctrl+X to cut and Ctrl+V to paste.
Shortcut Icons
In our notebooks, we sometimes use bookmarks to go to important pages. Bookmarks are thin strips of paper that can be attached to a page, as shown in the picture. Similarly, a shortcut icon helps us quickly open a file or folder. Shortcut icons are usually kept on the desktop to open the most frequently used items.
How is moving files and folders different from duplicating them?
Creating Shortcut of a File/Folder
1. Locate the file or folder.
2. Right-click on the file or folder you want to create a shortcut for. Then select Create Shortcut option.
Select the Create shortcut option.
3. A shortcut to the file or folder will be created. The shortcut will have the same name as the file or folder, but it will have a small arrow in the bottom left-hand corner to indicate that it is a shortcut.
4. You can move the shortcut to any location. Usually, shortcuts are placed on the desktop for easy access. Fill in the Blanks.
Do It Yourself 3B
1 We can click on a file or folder that we want to select.
2 We can hold the key and then select multiple files together using the mouse.
3 The key allows us to select a range of files.
4 Duplicating a files mean creating a of the file. This does not delete the original file.
5 Moving a file from one folder to another requires us to the file and then paste it to the other folder.
6 allow us easy access to a file. We usually place these on the desktop of the computer.
Deleting Files and Folders
In order to keep our home organised and clean, we keep throwing away things that we do not use anymore.
In the same way, we Delete old files that are not needed anymore. Hence, deleting a folder or file means removing it from our computer.
Steps to delete a file or folder:
1. Right-click on the file or folder you want to delete. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Select the Delete option. The selected file or folder will be deleted.
Restoring Files and Folders
Let’s say you accidentally deleted an important file. What can you do now?
You can restore the deleted folder or file. Restoring means to bring something back.
Removing a folder or file does not completely deletes it from the computer. It is sent to a location known as the Recycle Bin.
Hence, restoring a folder or file means getting it back to the previous location from the Recycle Bin.
Steps to restore a file or folder:
1. Open the Recycle Bin on your computer.
2. Right-click on the file or folder you want to restore. A pop-up menu will appear.
If we use the Shift + Delete on a file/folder, we can permanently delete it from our computer. But we must be very careful when using this combination, as those files can never be restored again. Did You Know?
Open Recycle Bin
3. Select the Restore option.
4. The folder will be returned to its original location.
Good Practices While Using a Computer
Just like we practise good manners in our everyday life, we also have a few good practices when using a computer. Let us see what these are:
1. Always name and store your files and folders properly. This helps to keep the computer organized. This is especially important when many people share one computer.
2. Organise the files in labelled folders. This will help you locate a file quickly.
3. Be respectful of others’ files. Do not delete or change the files that belong to someone else without their permission.
4. Do not copy someone else’s file.
5. Do not share files that contain important information with anyone else.
Do It Yourself 3C
Write T for True and F for False.
Explore More!
Scan the QR and learn how to name a file properly.
1 We can delete a file by right clicking on it and then selecting Delete.
2 A deleted file can be recovered in the Recycle Bin.
3 A file recovered from the Recycle Bin will be sent to a random folder.
4 We can store all our files in any folder, including folders that do not belong to us.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
A file is a collection of stored on a computer.
To select multiple files or folders, press and hold the key while clicking on the items.
To move a folder or file, right-click on it and select the option.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
Double-clicking on the icon of a file or folder
a opens it
c deletes it
b renames it
d selects it
Folders on the computer desktop help to .
a store information like text, images, and numbers
b group similar files together
c organise festival stuff d all of the above
Files are
a digital containers of information
c special locations for folders
b digital documents that store information
d containers which only hold letters
A subfolder is a . a folder inside another folder b file inside another folder
c folder which holds other folders
C. Who Am I?
I help to keep files organised.
folder which cannot be renamed
I can hold information like words, pictures, and numbers.
I am where you can find deleted items before they disappear forever. I can move a file from one place to another.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
Computers use digital files and folders for organisation.
Files on a computer cannot contain information like images or sound.
The ‘Cut and Paste’ command is used to move folders or files to new locations.
E. Answer the Following.
F. Apply Your Learning.
Avni shares her computer with her brother, Nishant. Nishant has created a new folder. Avni wants to explore this folder. Should she explore it without asking Nishant first? Explain why.
Raj had drawn a beautiful picture of a cat on his computer. But this morning, while using the computer, he deleted it by mistake. How can he get that picture back?
Tanya has completed her maths homework and stored it in the ‘History’ folder instead of the ‘Maths’ folder. Is this a wise thing to do? Why/Why not?
Satish wants to create a new folder on the desktop to keep his drawings. What are the steps to create a new folder?
Rina is working on an important school project. She needs to create a duplicate version of her file to be safe. How can she make a copy of the file in another folder?
Exploring Internet 4
The Internet: A Window to the World
Imagine your cousin lives in a faraway city. It is his birthday and you want to wish him. You can video call him and give him your best wishes.
But how does a video call work?
The internet makes it possible! Our phone is connected to the internet which allows us to video call another person. The term internet stands for “Interconnected Network”.
A network is a group of computers connected to each other.
The internet is a network of networks that connects computers and devices from all over the world. It allows people to share and collect information, and communicate with each other.
The Internet: How It All Began
The internet is a very important part of our lives today. But how did it all begin? Let us see the timeline to know more about it.
The internet has changed over time. Find out more about it here!
Discuss!
What would our lives be without internet?
Did You Know?
India has the second-largest internet user base in the world, with over 70 crore users.
Basic Requirements for an Internet Connection
We need a computer and an internet connection to start exploring the internet. To set up an internet connection, we need the following:
Modem
Modem stands for Modulator-Demodulator. It is a device that helps your computer connect to the internet. A modem converts digital signals into analog signals, and also analog signals into digital signals. But what are analog and digital signals? Let us find out.
Think of a switch on the switchboard of your house. You can do only two things with the switch—turn it on or turn it off. That is what a digital signal is. The signal either comes in or does not come in.
Now think of the fan speed knob, or regulator, on the switchboard. It changes the speed at which the fan spins, instead of just switching it on or off. We can have the fan spin at the fastest speed, reduce it to a slower speed, then much slower, and finally switch it off. We can do more things with the regulator than the switch. That is how analog signal is.
An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet.
Communication Media
Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types.
1. DSL
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.
2. Cable
Cable wire is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.
3. Fibre
Fibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.
Discuss!
Find out which type of internet connection your house or school has.
Do It Yourself 4A
Find and mark the words in the Word Puzzle box.
Write T for True and F for False.
a An ISP is a company that provides you an internet connection.
b The modem is like a translator between your computer and the internet.
c The DSL is the fastest type of internet connection.
Basic Terminologies of Internet
Webpages
A webpage is a digital document on the internet. It can have text, images, videos, and other content.
Websites
A website is a collection of webpages that are all related to each other.
WWW (World Wide Web)
The WWW, or World Wide Web, is a huge source of information that can be accessed from anywhere in the world. It is a collection of websites with pages of information on the internet. You can use it to learn new things, stay connected with friends and family, and entertain yourself.
Web Browser
A web browser is a program that lets you see websites on the internet. To see a website, you need to type the website’s address into a web browser and press Enter. Examples of web browsers are Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Safari, Firefox, Opera, etc.
We can use a web browser to perform the following tasks:
Google Chrome
Google Chrome is a web browser made by Google. It is one of the most popular browsers in the world. It is fast and easy to use, and it has a lot of features, such as the ability to sync your bookmarks and browsing history across devices.
Opening Google Chrome
Steps to open Google Chrome:
1. Select Start.
2. Search for “Google Chrome”.
3. Click on the app icon to open it. When the Chrome web page opens, you will see that it has many parts. Here are the most important ones:
1. Address bar: This is where you type in the address of a website.
2. Back and forward buttons: These buttons allow you to go back or forward to the previous or the next page.
3. Refresh button: This button reloads the page if it’s not loading properly.
4. Tabs: Tabs allow us to open multiple websites at the same time. 2 3 1
5. Bookmarks: Bookmarks allow us to save websites to visit again later.
Other than the main options, we can find some additional options in Google Chrome. We can find these options if we click on the triple dot button in the top right-hand corner of the browser.
• Print: This option allows you to print the current webpage.
• Zoom: This option allows you to zoom in or out of the current webpage.
• History: This option allows you to see a list of all the websites you have visited recently.
Search Engines
Search engines help you find information on the internet. The internet has billions of websites. So you can find almost anything instantly.
Some examples of search engines are:
• is the most popular search engine in the world. It has a vast database of websites and can help you find almost anything you’re looking for.
• is the second most popular search engine in the world. It is owned by Microsoft and is often used as the default search engine on Windows computers.
• is a search engine that was created in 1994. It is one of the world’s oldest and most popular search engines.
Imagine you are going to your friend’s house for the first time. Your friend tells you his house address, which helps you find your friend’s house.
Similarly, when we want to open a website, we need a Uniform Resource Locator, or URL. It is like a website’s address. It tells your computer where the website is located on the internet. It is a unique address that identifies a website on the internet.
Net Surfing
Net surfing is visiting websites, watching videos, listening to music, and doing other things online.
To netsurf, you need a computer or a mobile device with an internet connection and a web browser. It is a way to find new things to learn about and have fun.
does the term ‘www’ stand for?
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints Uniform Resource Locator information websites ARPANET computers
The internet is a big network of all over the world.
The first network was called .
A web browser is a program that lets you see on the internet.
Search engines help you find on the internet.
URL is short for .
What is the internet?
a A big library of information
c A place to find new things to learn about and have fun
What is a web browser?
a A program that lets you see websites on the internet
c A collection of web pages
What is net surfing?
a Browsing the internet to visit various websites
c Typing a document
5 B. Tick () the Correct Option.
d To help us secure our computer 1 2 3
b A way to connect computers all over the world
d All of the above
b A device used to connect to the internet
d None of these
b Connecting to a modem
d None of these
What is the purpose of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?
a To access websites on the internet
c To connect devices to the computer
What is the main function of a modem?
a To connect our computer to the internet and exchange information between the two
c To help us find an internet service provider
b To connect to the internet service provider (ISP)
d To translate websites into other languages
b To help us type the URL of a website
I am the address of a website that you type into the address bar of your web browser.
I help you find information on the internet by showing you a list of websites related to your search.
I am a place on the internet where you can find information, play games, or buy things.
I am responsible for exchanging information between your computer and the internet.
I use your telephone lines to connect you to the internet.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
The internet is like a big library that contains information and data.
The internet started in the 1960s as a way for scientists to share information.
ARPANET was the first network created for connecting computers.
An internet connection doesn’t require a modem or an internet service provider (ISP).
DSL is a type of internet connection that uses a telephone line to transmit data.
Answer the Following.
Distinguish between analog and digital signal. Give examples of each.
How can Riya use the internet to send a birthday greeting to her friend who lives in a different city? What does she need?
Abeer lives in a remote village where no modern cables are available. Which type of internet connection can he look for?
Rohan is confused about the difference between a webpage and a website. Can you help him?
Lovey wants to search for some information on the internet using a search engine. Can you suggest the names of some popular search engines that she can use?
Stepwise Thinking 5
Understanding Stepwise Thinking
Imagine that guests are coming to visit you. Your mother tells you to clean your room. How will you clean it? What steps will you follow to solve this problem? Look at the solution given here:
1. First, see what is making the room look untidy.
a. The clothes are scattered on the bed.
b. The shoes and toys are on the floor.
c. The table is disorganised and dusty.
2. Fix each of these problems one by one.
3. Clean the bed first. Sort your clothes, fold them and put them in the almirah.
4. Then, pick up your shoes and toys from the floor. Put them in the right place.
5. Lastly, tidy your table and organise it. Your room is clean now!
Did you notice that we just solved a problem step by step? When we try to find a solution to a problem, it is known as problem solving.
We often solve problems using stepwise thinking. Stepwise thinking means to think step by step to complete a task or solve a problem.
We can solve many day-to-day problems by just thinking in steps as we did in the example above. Let us understand how we solve a problem in a stepwise manner.
Step 1: We identify the problem.
Step 2: We break the problem down into smaller parts.
Step 3: We solve each part of the problem separately.
We identified the problem. We broke the problem down into smaller parts. We solved each part of the problem separately.
The clothes were on the bed.
The room was untidy.
The toys and shoes were on the floor.
The table was untidy and disorganised.
Folded clothes and put them in the almirah
Put the toys back in their place
Tidied the table
Suppose you are asked, “Why did you work so hard? You could have just stuffed the clothes in the almirah and locked it. Nobody would have noticed.”
What do you think your answer could be? It could be like this:
“If I had just stuffed my clothes in the almirah, it would be hard to find my clothes. Also, the almirah would be untidy.”
What you just did was reasoning. You thought about the real problems that you could face if you had stuffed your almirah with your clothes untidily.
These real problems were your ‘facts’. And you decided that it was better if you fold your clothes neatly and put them tidily in the almirah.
The act of thinking about the facts to make a decision is called reasoning.
While thinking stepwise, reasoning helps us to think about a task in a better way and understand more clearly if the solution we have thought of is correct or not. Reasoning helps us make better choices and come up with better solutions.
Learn with Examples
Imagine you want to go on a picnic. Look at how it can be planned using stepwise thinking.
We identify the problem.
We break the problem down.
Who will come?
When and where?
What will we eat?
Plan a picnic.
What will we do/play?
What will we wear?
How will we get there?
We solve each part of the problem separately.
Make a list of people.
Choose the picnic spot and time.
Make a list of food items that we could get for the picnic.
Make a list of the activities.
Choose the clothes we would like to wear to the picnic.
Make a list of ways we could travel to the picnic spot.
Think and Tell
Can you think of some other steps that can be included in this example?
Steps
Step 1: Who will come?
First, think about and decide on the people who you would like to go with on a picnic. If you would like to invite your friends, write down the list of friends with whom you would like to go on a picnic.
Step 2: When and where?
Then, choose a picnic spot and time. You can write down a list of places like a park, at a beach, or a place in the countryside. Also, discuss with your friends or family and write down a list of dates when all of you are free for a picnic.
Step 3: What will you eat?
Make a list of items that you want to eat at the picnic. They could be simple-to-make food, like sandwiches. You could also make a list of items that you can buy and take with you, like crisps, cold drinks, paper plates, reusable spoons, dustbin bags, and a mat that you can sit on.
Step 4: What will you do?
Then, make a list of games like ludo, carrom, badminton, or frisbee. Also make a list of fun activities that you can do together, like guessing-games, singing, and charades.
Step 5: What will you wear?
Think about and decide on the kind of clothes you can wear to the picnic. If it is a summer day, choose light, airy, cotton clothes. If it is a winter afternoon, choose warmer clothes.
Step 6: How will you go?
Make a list of how you can go to the place you want to picnic, like taking your own car, or hiring a car, or travelling in a bus.
Think and Tell
Can you think of some other step that can be included in this case study?
Things to Do on a Picnic
Finding the Lost Watch
Imagine you lost your favourite watch at school. What will you do? Let us use stepwise thinking to solve this problem.
We identify the problem. We break the problem down. We solve each part of the problem separately.
Where did you lose your watch?
When did you lose your watch?
Think about where you were at your school when you last had your watch on your hand.
Find the lost watch.
Who can you ask?
Think of the last time you saw your watch. In which period was it or at what time was it?
Make a list of people at school whom you can ask about your watch.
How do you inform everyone at school?
Put up a notice on the school’s and your class’s notice board.
What do you do when you find it?
Thank the person who helped you find it.
Think and Tell
Can you think of some other step that can be included in this example?
Steps
Step 1: Where did you lose your watch?
Think about where you could have lost your watch. Could it be during lunch break when you were playing in the field? Or, could it be at the washroom, where you may have taken it off? Did you take it off at your desk?
Step 2: When did you lose your watch?
Think about the last time you remember seeing your watch on your wrist or around you. Was it during the last period? Was it before lunch break?
Step 3: Who can you ask?
Write down a list of people at school whom you can ask about your watch. They can be your friends; the student you sit beside; your teachers; your school’s janitor, caretaker, and guard; and the person who is in charge of the lost-and-found box.
Step 4: How do you inform everyone at school?
Make two notices about your lost watch. Describe your watch. Give other important information like your name, class and section so that anyone who finds it can contact you. Put them up on your school’s and class’s notice board.
Step 5: What do you do when you find it?
Finally, when you find your watch, thank the person who returns it. Make a promise to yourself to be more careful in future.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
B. Write T for True and F for False.
C. Number the Steps in the Correct Order.
Prisha is washing her hands before eating dinner.
Close the tap
Open the tap again
Wash her hands
Close the tap again
Open the tap
Apply soap
Rinse hands again
Wipe hands with a towel
Miku is brushing his teeth. Number the activities in the correct order.
Rinse the brush a little
Brush teeth
Take brush from the shelf
Close the tap
Clean the brush and close the tap
D. Apply Your Learning.
Open the tap
Open the tap again
Rinse mouth
Apply toothpaste on brush
You have to make a cucumber and tomato sandwich for your mother. Write the steps to make the sandwich.
How will you organize a birthday party for your grandmother? Show all the steps.
You want to make a birthday card for your elder brother. In how many steps will you make the card? Will there be any step that can be further broken down into smaller steps?
Fomatting Documents 6
Introduction to Word Processor
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is our country’s own space exploration organisation. It has launched three rockets to the Moon with machines to explore its surface, namely, the Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
Now, imagine that you need to write a paragraph about taking a rocket to the Moon.
To write your paragraph on a computer, you will need a word processor.
A word processor is software used to type and edit text. There are many word processors. Microsoft Word and Google Docs are the two of the most popular ones.
Google Docs is a free online word processor. It is easy to use and lets you work together with friends. It has some interesting features, like:
• getting to see all the changes that your friends make online; and
• opening the document without losing your text as it gets saved automatically online. Let us learn more about it!
Creating a Document
To begin using Google Docs, we first need to learn how to make a new Google document.
Follow these steps to create a Google document:
1. Go to the Google Docs website: https://docs.google.com
2. To choose Blank, click on the plus (+) button.
3. A new document will open.
Components of a Google Document
The main components of a Google document are:
Document Title
This is where the name of your document will appear.
Toolbar
This section gives you quick access to some tools.
Working Area
This is the space where you can type and edit text.
Adding Text
Menu Bar
This bar has tabs with various features.
We have created a Google document. Before we start typing anything in it, let us find some information about your project. We will do this by finding answers on the internet to these questions.
Q1. What is Space Exploration?
Q2. What is ISRO?
Q3. Name the three missions that ISRO has sent to the Moon.
Q4. Which is ISRO’s latest Moon exploration mission?
Q5. When was this mission launched?
Q6. When it comes to the Moon missions, what has been ISRO’s best achievement so far?
Let us type our answers in the document we created. Steps to add text in a Google document:
1. Click on the white space on the document, where you want to write your answers. The blinking line that appears is called the cursor.
Google Docs was originally called “Writely” and was launched in 2005. Did You Know?
2. Start typing!
Google Docs has a feature called autosave. This means it saves your work by itself, so you don’t have to do it.
Formatting Text
Now that we have added our text, do you think we can make it look more organised and easier to read? Yes, we can, by formatting the text. But what is formatting? Let us find out!
Formatting text refers to the process of changing the appearance and layout of a written document or piece of text to make it more visually appealing, organised, and easier to read and understand.
Here are some ways in which we can format our text:
1. Font: This tool changes the style of the letters in our selected text. It is like different handwriting but in a digital file. You can change the font of your text by doing this:
a. Select the text.
b. Click on the Font option. It will open a drop-down menu.
c. Select the type of font you would like from the drop-down menu.
Your selected text will look like what is shown in the image.
2. Bold: This tool makes the selected parts of the text look thicker and darker. You can make your texts bold by doing this:
a. Selecting the text.
b. Clicking on the B icon on the toolbar.
Your selected text will look like the way it is shown in the image.
3. Italic: This tool makes the selected parts of the text look thinner and leaning towards the right side. You can make your texts italic by doing this:
a. Selecting the text.
b. Clicking on the I icon on the toolbar.
Your selected text will look like it does in the image.
4. Text color: This tool helps you to change the colour of the selected text. You can change the colour of your texts by doing this:
a. Selecting the text.
b. Clicking on the icon on the toolbar.
c. Selecting the new colour for your text from the drop-down colour grid.
Your selected text will change into the colour you have chosen in the grid.
What do you think happens to the text when you format it with all the tools we learnt about? See the image below.
Paint Format
Think and Tell
Would you ever make the title of your paragraph bold? Why or why not?
What if we want to apply the same formatting to more texts in the document?
We could repeat the steps, one by one, all over again. Or, we format it in a quicker way.
The Paint Format tool helps us copy the formatting from one piece of text and apply it to another text.
Follow the steps to use the Paint format tool:
1. Select the formatted text or place the cursor in between the formatted text.
2. Click on the Paint format tool. Try to notice how your cursor changes to show the Paint format icon.
3. Drag the cursor over the text to which you want to apply the formatting.
4. Leave the cursor and the formatting will be applied.
Adding Superscript and Subscript
Superscript
Superscript is a formatting style where the text or number is made smaller and raised above the regular text line.
Let us apply this formatting to a text. Open your document and type: “14th April 2023, the date when Chandrayaan-3 was launched.”
We know that dates are written as ordinal numbers. Let us use superscript to write this correctly.
1. Select the text “th” that you want as superscript.
2. Click on the Format menu and select Text.
3. Within the Text sub-menu, click on Superscript.
So, your sentence would now look like: “14th April 2023, the date when Chandrayaan-3 was launched.”
Subscript
Subscript is a formatting style where the text or number is made smaller and lowered below the regular text line.
Subscripts are usually used in science and mathematics related texts. For example, the “2” in H₂O is a subscript. Let us try to write the sentence, “The chemical formula of water is H2O.” with 2 in subscript.
Steps to add subscript:
1. Select the text that you want to make subscript.
2. Click on the Format menu and select Text.
3. Within the Text sub-menu, select Subscript.
So, your sentence would now look like this: “The chemical formula of water is H2O”
Which of the following can you do on Google Docs?
a Type a text b Listen to songs
c Watch a movie d Play games
Fill in the blanks.
a is a free online software. All our work gets automatically saved.
b We change the colour and style of our . This changes the way our typed text looks.
c A text that is looks thicker than normal text.
d With the tool we can apply a text format to the whole of the text.
e format makes the text smaller and raised. While format makes the text smaller and lowered.
Adding Header and Footer
The header is the text that appears at the top of every page in a document. The footer is the text that appears at the bottom of every page in a document.
Let’s add a header and footer to our document to improve its organisation. We will add the word “Project” as the header and page numbers as the footer.
Project
Moon Space Explorations by INDIA
India has been exploring space for many years. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has sent many missions to the moon, including Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
Chandrayaan-3 is the latest mission to the moon. It will send a lander and rover to the lunar surface. The lander will place the rover on the ground, and the rover will explore the surface of the moon.
The lander and rover are very small. The lander is only about the size of a car, and the rover is only about the size of a microwave oven. But they are packed with scientific instruments that will help us to learn more about the moon.
The lander and rover will land in the south polar region of the moon. This is a region where there is a lot of ice. The scientists hope to find out more about the ice in this region.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission is very exciting. It will help us to learn more about the moon and its environment.
Page 1
Header Footer
Steps to add a header or footer:
1. Click on the Insert menu.
2. Go to Headers & footers
3. Select the Header or Footer option.
4. Type the texts that you want as the Header and Footer on every page. Once you have entered them, they will appear as Headers and Footers on every page.
Think and Tell
Inserting Page Break
A page break is an instruction to the computer that tells it where to start a new page, when writing or printing.
Steps to insert a page break:
1. Click where you want the page break to appear.
2. Click on the Insert menu and select Break.
3. Select the Page break.
4. A page break will be inserted at the current cursor location within the document. What information can you include in headers and footers?
Just as page break is an instruction to start a new page, Line Break is an instruction to start a new line.
Steps to insert a line break:
1. Click where you want the line break to appear.
2. Press Enter.
Inserting Line Break Inserting column
Have you ever noticed how a newspaper is set up? Newspapers use a column format. Some of the benefits of using a column format are:
1. Easy reading: Columns break up text into smaller sections, making it easier to read.
2. Organised look: Information is neatly divided, making the page look tidy.
3. Space saving: Paper is precious. More text can fit into a page if we have columns. Steps to use the column format in your document:
1. Open the document that you want to set in column format.
2. Click on the Format menu and select Columns.
3. Select the number of columns that you want to insert.
4. After that, this is what our document would look like.
Moon Space Explorations by INDIA
India has been exploring space for many years. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has sent many missions to the moon, including Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
Chandrayaan-3 is the latest mission to the moon. It will send a lander and rover to the lunar surface. The lander will place the rover on the ground, and the rover will explore the surface of the moon.
The lander and rover are very small. The lander is only about the size of a car, and the rover is only about the size of a microwave oven. But they are packed with scientific instruments that will help us to learn more about the moon.
The lander and rover will land in the south polar region of the moon. This is a region where there is a lot of ice. The scientists hope to find out more about the ice in this region.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission is very exciting. It will help us to learn more about the moon and its environment.
Changing Page Margins, Orientation and Paper Size
Page Margins
Page margins are the spaces around the edges of your paper where you don’t type.
The wider the margins, the lesser the typing space we have.
Top Margin
Project
Left Margin
Moon Space Explorations by INDIA
India has been exploring space for many years. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has sent many missions to the moon, including Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
Chandrayaan-3 is the latest mission to the moon. It will send a lander and rover to the lunar surface. The lander will place the rover on the ground, and the rover will explore the surface of the moon. The lander and rover are very small. The lander is only about the size of a car, and the rover is only about the size of a microwave oven. But they are packed with scientific instruments that will help us to learn more about the moon.
The lander and rover will land in the south polar region of the moon. This is a region where there is a lot of ice. The scientists hope to find out more about the ice in this region.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission is very exciting. It will help us to learn more about the moon and its environment.
Bottom Margin
Page 1
Right Margin
Steps to change page margins:
1. Click on File and then select Page setup.
2. In the Page setup dialog box, in the Margins section, enter the numbers for the Top, Bottom, Left, and Right margins.
3. Click on OK to save the changes. The margins of your page will now be what you have changed it to.
Page Orientation
Page orientation is about choosing if you want your paper to be longer or wider when you type on it.
Steps to change page orientation:
1. Click on File and then select Page setup.
2. In the Page setup dialog box, in the Orientation section, select the Portrait or Landscape option.
3. Click on OK to save the changes. Your page orientation will change, as shown in the image.
Remember that your text will move from where it originally was once you change the margins. You can always change the margin values back again.
Setting Paper Size
Paper Size
Paper size refers to the size of the paper on which we are going to take a printout.
Setting the paper size correctly helps us use the right paper size while printing the document. If there is a mismatch, the printouts will have texts arranged incorrectly or have portions of it cut out.
Steps to set paper size:
1. Click on File and select Page setup.
2. Click on the box below Paper size and choose the size you want to use.
3. Click on OK to save your changes.
Some of the page size categories are:
Tabloid1117Used for magazines and newspapers
Executive7.2510.5Used for summaries and presentations
A4 8.2711.69Most common paper size in many parts of the world
Click on OK after selecting the right page size.
Indentation
Indentation refers to the process of adjusting the horizontal positioning of text within a document. We use indentation to change alignment of text relative to the left or right margins. This is commonly used to emphasise on certain parts of your document.
Imagine this is what our document looks like. If you had to indent the first part of the paragraph, how would you do it?
1. Select the text that you want to indent.
2. Click on the Format menu.
3. Select Align and indent option.
4. Select the Indentation option. A window opens. All the values are right now set to 0.
5. Let us set the left indent value to 1 and click on OK.
This is the result of Indentation. Notice how the paragraph has shifted from the left-hand side.
Fill in the blanks.
1 The is used to show the title of the document at the top. The is used at the bottom of the page to show notes.
2 is used to tell the computer to move on to the next page.
3 We press Enter and the cursor makes a break.
4 To fit more text into one page, we may choose to write in more than one .
5 are used to control the empty space at the sides of the page.
6 There are two possible orientations of the page. is when we want more width. is when we want more length.
7 When we give a page for printing the becomes important to get the printing done correctly.
8 moves a paragraph from the left or the right.
A. Fill in the Blanks.
To start a new document, you need to click on the button.
Superscript is a formatting style where the text or number is made smaller and above the regular text line.
The header is the text that appears at the of every page in a document.
To change the page margins in Google Docs, you need to click on and then select Page Setup. The software that helps you type and edit text in documents is called a .
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
What is the use of indentation in a document?
a To add structure to the document
c To create a header and footer
What is a header in a document?
a The text at the top of every page
c A type of font style
b To change the paper size
d To add pictures to the document
b The text at the bottom of every page
d The title of the document
How do you add superscript to text in Google Docs?
a Select the text and click on Superscript in the Format menu
b Use the Bold feature in the Format menu
c Choose the text and click on Underline in the Edit menu
d Superscript cannot be added in Google Docs
How can you change the page margins in Google Docs?
a Click on the File menu and select Page Margins
b Click on the Format menu and choose Margins
c Page margins cannot be changed in Google Docs
d Click on the Page setup option in the File menu
Which menu allows you to add a page break in Google Docs?
a File menu
b Edit menu
c Insert menu d Format menu
C. Who Am I?
I am a free online software that allows you to create and edit documents.
I am a tool that lets you copy the formatting style from one section of the document and apply it to another section.
I am a feature that allows you to move the text to the right-hand side of the page, making it look neater and easier to read.
I am a setting that allows you to choose whether your paper should be longer or wider when you type on it.
I am the text that appears at the top of every page in a document.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
Headers appear at the right of every page in a document.
Line Break is used to start a new line.
Indentation always moves the text to the left side of the page.
Paint format in Google Docs allows you to copy and apply formatting to other parts of your document with just one click.
Page margins can be adjusted in the Page setup dialog box.
E. Answer the following.
What is superscript used for in documents?
What is page orientation, and how do you change it?
How do you insert a line break in Google Docs? What is Paint Format used for in Google Docs? What are page margins, and how do you change them?
F. Apply Your Learning.
Aman wants to add his name and roll number to his paragraph in such a way that it appears on every page of the document. What should Aman do?
Simran thinks that her document is too long and wants to shorten it. How can she do that using margins and columns?
Rahul, who loves to write poems, wants to make the poem look neat. He wants to break his poem down into different paragraphs. What should Rahul do?
Rohit wants his document wider. He feels that his page is too long and not wide enough. What can he do?
Enhancing Documents 7
Working with Shapes
In the last chapter, we created a project in Google Docs about India’s moon exploration. But it is just text right now. What if we add some shapes in it to make it more interesting?
Shapes are the outlines of things we see around us. Shapes can be flat or have depth. Flat shapes are called 2D shapes. They only have length and width, but no depth. Examples of 2D shapes are circles, squares, and triangles.
Shapes with depth are called 3D shapes. Examples of 3D shapes are spheres, cubes, and cones.
Let us use shapes to make a Chandrayaan-3 model for our project.
Inserting Shapes
The name “Google” is a play on the word “googol,” which is a mathematical term for the number 1 followed by 100 zeros. Did You Know?
To make a Chandrayaan-3 model, we first need to learn to insert a shape in a Google document.
Follow these steps to insert a shape:
1. Place the cursor where you want to insert the shape in the document.
2. Click on the Insert menu.
3. Choose +New from the Drawing option. A new drawing window will open.
4. Click on the Shape icon.
5. Choose a shape of your choice from the Shapes option.
6. Draw the shape.
7. Go to the Fill color tool and select the colour of your choice.
8. Change the border thickness using the Border weight tool.
9. Repeat the steps to make the Chandrayaan rocket as shown in the image below. Click on the Save and Close button.
10. The rocket will appear in your document.
Inserting Images
An image or a picture is a visual representation. It can be a drawing, painting, or photograph. Images are used to show people, objects, places, or ideas in a visual way.
Google Docs allow users to add images from different sources. Let us find out how.
Steps to insert an image in Google Docs:
From Your Computer
To insert an image from your computer in Google Docs, follow the steps given below:
1. Click on the Insert menu.
2. Go to the Image option.
3. Select the Upload from computer option.
4. The Choose file to upload window opens up.
5. Select the image you want to upload.
6. Click on the Open button.
From the Web
To insert an image from your computer in Google Docs, follow the steps given below:
1. Click on the Insert.
2. Go to the Image option.
3. Select Search the web option.
4. In the search box, type “moon” and select the image you like.
5. Click on the Insert button.
6. The image will be added to the document.
Inserting Clipart
We can add clipart to our project to make it more interesting and colourful. A clipart is a computer-made image which is available on the internet. Clipart can be of anything—animals, people, objects, or even scenes.
Let us add a clipart of an astronaut and add it to our project.
Follow these steps to insert clipart:
1. Place the cursor where you want to insert the clipart in the document.
2. Click on the Insert menu.
3. Go to Image and choose Search the web option.
4. In the search box, type “astronaut clipart” and select the picture of your choice.
5. Click on the Insert button.
6. The clipart will be added to your document.
Cropping Images
What if you want to keep only the top part of the astronaut clipart that you have used?
You can easily remove the part you don’t want by using a tool called Crop. The crop tool is specifically designed to remove unwanted parts of an image. This process is known as cropping.
Let us learn how to crop the clipart. These are the steps.
1. Select the astronaut clipart.
2. Click the Crop tool.
3. Grey lines will appear. Trim the image, as needed, by adjusting the grey lines on the border of the image.
The largest Google Doc ever created was over 100,000 pages long. Did You Know?
4. When you’re done adjusting the grey lines, press Enter on your keyboard or click anywhere else in your file.
The project will look like as shown below:
Discuss!
What is the difference between an image and a shape?
1 Tick () the correct option.
a Which icon is used to crop the image?
b Which icon is helpful to insert a shape? Do It Yourself 7A
Write T for True and F for False.
a Flat shapes have length, width and depth.
b We cannot change the colour of a shape in a Google Doc.
c Clipart are drawings that the computer already has.
d Images saved on the computer or available on the net can be put in a Doc.
e Cropping is the same as colouring an image.
Text Wrapping
How do we wrap a gift? We start with a piece of paper that is bigger than the gift. Then, we fold the paper around the gift to wrap it. This creates a border around the gift.
Text wrapping is similar, but instead of wrapping paper around the gift, it involves wrapping the text around an image.
The default text wrapping style for a shape or an image is the Inline with text in which text and image come in the same line as they are added.
Let us have a look at the text wrapping styles in Google Docs.
StyleIcon
Inline with text
Wrap text
Break text
Behind text
In front of text
Explore More!
Google Docs has over 100 shapes that you can use to add visuals to your documents.
Purpose
The image is treated as part of the text and flows with the text around it.
The text wraps around the image, but there is space left around the image.
The text is pushed away from the image, creating a space on its left and right sides.
The image is positioned at a specific spot on the page, and the text does not wrap around it but appears over it.
The image is positioned at a specific spot on the page, and the text does not wrap around it but behind it.
Now, let us change the text wrapping style of the Chandrayaan-3 model in the document by following these steps:
1. Select the Chandrayaan-3 image.
2. The text-wrapping style icons will appear at the bottom left-hand corner of the image.
3. Choose and click on the style of your choice to apply to the image.
Inserting Watermark
A watermark is like a stamp that you put on a card or notebook. However, it appears behind the text and the images, not over them.
Watermarks can be words, logos, or even pictures.
It is usually see-through and doesn’t hide the main text, but you can still see it in the background.
Explore More!
You can also add shadows and outlines to your shapes to make them stand out. Find out more about them here!
Adding a Picture as Watermark
Let us add the ISRO logo as a watermark in the Google document. Follow these steps to add the watermark:
1. Click on the Insert menu.
2. Click on the Watermark.
3. The Watermark window pane will appear on the right.
4. Click on Select Image option. It will open the Insert Watermark window.
5. Click on the Browse button to upload the desired image.
6. Choose and click on the Upload button to add the desired image as the watermark to your document.
Think and Tell
Can watermarks be images only or can it also be a text?
Find and Replace
Find means to look for a piece of text or a word and discover where it is. Replace means to take out the old text and add a new text instead.
Steps to find and replace words in Google Docs:
1. Open your Google Docs.
2. Click on Edit in the top menu.
3. Select Find and replace.
4. In the Find box, enter the word you want to find.
5. In the Replace with box, enter the word you want to replace it with.
6. Click Next to locate the first instance of the word.
7. If you want to replace all instances of the word, click Replace all.
Inline with text
Break text
In front of text
Wrap text
Behind text
A picture watermark is a special mark that is put in the of a document.
To cut off unwanted parts from an image, use the tool.
”Find” means to for a word in the text and discover where it is.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
What is clipart used for in Google Docs?
a To find information
c To decorate the document with pre-made drawings
How can you crop an image in Google Docs?
a Click on Format Crop
c Click on Insert Crop
What is text wrapping?
a Adjusting the text size
c Changing the font of the text
b To create shapes
d To search the web
b Click on Edit Crop
d Click on the image Click on Crop tool
b Adjusting the text around an image
d Adding watermarks to text
What is a picture watermark used for in a document?
a To add colours to the text
c To show ownership of the document
C. Who Am I?
I can cut off the unwanted parts of an image.
I can help you adjust the text flow around images.
I can help you stamp your document.
b To delete unwanted images
d To change the font of the text
I can help you find and replace words in a Google document.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
A picture watermark is a special mark in the background of a document.
‘Inline with the text’ is a text-wrapping style where the text and image are the same.
Cropping an image means adding a border around it.
You can choose a shape from the Drawing option.
The Insert menu in Google Docs allows you to add pictures, but not shapes or clipart.
E. Answer the Following.
How can you add a picture watermark to a Google document?
What are the different text-wrapping styles in a Google document?
What does cropping an image mean?
What is Clipart? How is it different from an image or a shape?
How does the Replace tool work?
F. Apply Your Learning.
Richa is using Google Docs for her art project. She wants to add colourful shapes to make it look amazing. How can Richa do this?
Aman is writing a story in Google Docs. He used the word “happy” a lot, but now he wants to use “joyful” instead. What should he do to change it in all places?
Sonam is creating a special birthday card in Google Docs. She wants to add cute pictures like balloons and cakes. How can Sonam add these pictures to her card?
Simran took pictures of different shapes during her family vacation. Now, she wants to make an album to show to her friends. How can Simran create the shape album using Google Docs?
Ritu is writing a book of poems and wants to make each page look beautiful. She wishes to add a picture in the background. How can she do this using Google Docs?
Creating Presentations 8
Introduction to Presentations
You previously learnt about working on documents. What if you want to share the same information in a more presentable and interesting way?
A presentation is a tool to create, showcase and share information in an interactive, interesting, and visually appealing way. A presentation can have slides to share information in a specific order. A slide can have text, images, videos, and sound to help us explain a topic.
Uses of a Presentation
We can use presentations to:
1. Share information with others on any topic in an interactive way.
2. Add visuals such as images and videos to make it easy to talk about our ideas.
3. Stay organised and present ideas in a better way.
4. Visualise and present understanding.
Places Where Presentations Are Used
Presentations can be used in:
Think and Tell
Where else can we use presentations?
Creating a Presentation
Let us make a presentation on the topic ‘Satellite—The Spacecraft’. We will use Google Slides to make the presentation.
Google Slides is an online presentation tool that lets you create and share exciting projects. Using Google Slides, you can easily add images, text, sound, and make your text move and change colours. You can even work online with friends. You don’t need to be on the same computer!
Whatever you do on Google Slides, is automatically saved.
Explore More!
The first satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Did You Know?
Google Slides have Noto support for many languages. Find out more about it here!
Components of Google Slides Window
The main components of Google Slides are:
1. Rename box: Shows the name of the file that contains the presentation. By default, it is Untitled Presentation. You can rename it as per your choice.
2. Menu bar: Holds various menus like ‘File’, ‘Edit’, ‘View’, etc. Each menu offers different options.
3. Toolbar: Holds tools for quick and easy access.
4. Slide workspace: The area in your slide where you add items such as text, images, and videos.
5. Slides panel: The space where you can see thumbnails of all the slides of your presentation.
6. Speaker notes: The area where you can add notes for yourself or the presenter. It helps us to remember important things during the presentation.
7. Slideshow button: Turns the slides into the presenter mode.
Naming a Presentation
Before we start adding things to our presentation, let us learn how to name it. These are the steps:
1. Click on Rename box. Type the new name for your file.
2. Press the Enter key and the file will be automatically saved.
Adding Title
Now that we have named our file, let us add a title to our presentation. Follow the given steps:
1. Click on the Slide Workspace.
2. Type “Satellite—The
Working with Text Boxes
In case we want to add more text, we can add our own text boxes to add text on a slide.
Adding Text
Steps to add text with a Text box on a slide:
1. Click on the Insert tab.
2. Click on the Text box option from the drop-down menu.
3. Move the mouse cursor on the screen to the slide where you want to add the text box, then press the left button on the mouse.
4. Type “YOUR NAME”.
Moving Text Box
Now, let us learn to change the position of the text box after adding text in it.
Steps to move the text box on a slide:
1. Select the text box you want to move.
2. Once the four-headed arrow appears, press the left mouse button and hold it.
3. Move the mouse to drag the text box to where you want it to be.
We use presentations to:
a Share information interactively
c Include data and images
b Share information in an organized way
d All of the above
What is the first step in creating a slide after you name it?
a Add Title
c Add Text box
b Go to Google Slides
d Click on the + Blank option
What can be used to add a main idea or topic to a slide in Google Slides?
a Notes
c Image
b Presentation Title
d Chart
What is the correct way to move a text box to a new position on a slide?
a Drag and drop the text box to the new location
c Select
b Double click on the text box
Adding a New Slide
Now that we have created our title, we need to have more slides to add the text of our project. Let us learn how to add more slides to our presentation.
Steps to add more slides:
1. Right-click in the slide panel.
2. A menu will appear. Select the New slide option. A new slide will appear below your current slide.
Working with Shapes
We have added a new slide. Now, let us learn to insert shapes on a slide to create our satellite.
Inserting a Shape
Steps to insert a shape on a slide:
1. Click on the Insert tab in the menu bar.
2. Select the Shape option from the drop-down menu. Then, select the Shapes option.
3. Click on the shape you want. It will appear on your slide. Repeat these steps to draw this image on your slide.
Moving a Shape
After adding a shape on our slide, we can move it to a different place on the slide in the same way we moved our text box.
Steps to move a shape in presentation:
1. Select the shape you want to move and hold the left mouse button.
2. Drag and drop the shape to where you want it, on the slide. The shape will be at the new position.
Image 1
Image 2
Resizing a Shape
Let us learn to resize a shape to make our satellite a little bigger.
Steps to resize a shape in presentation:
1. Left click anywhere on the Slide Workspace and drag to select all parts of the satellite.
2. Once the entire shape is selected, a blue margin with dots will appear. This means that all parts of the Satellite have been selected.
3. Move the mouse to drag it to make it larger or smaller.
Colouring a Shape
Our satellite is ready for colouring. Let us learn to add colour to a shape.
Steps to add colour to a shape in presentation:
1. Select the part of the shape that you want to colour. Let us select the left fin first. We will colour it yellow.
2. Click on the Fill color tool on the toolbar and select the colour of your choice, here we are using yellow.
3. Upon selecting the yellow colour, the left fin will now be yellow.
4. Repeat the process to colour the other parts of the satellite.
Tick () the correct option.
How can you add a new slide to your Google Slides presentation?
a Right-click on the slide and select “Add Slide”
b Press the Delete key to create a new slide
c Right-click in the slide panel and choose + New Slide option
d Use the Format menu and choose Add Slide
Which option allows you to insert a shape onto a slide in Google Slides?
a Go to “Insert” “Shape”
b Right-click on the slide and choose “Insert Shape”
c Drag and drop a shape from your computer onto the slide
d Press the “Shift” key and click on the slide to create a shape
Working with Images
We can add and edit images in a presentation as we need to. Let us now add an image of the Earth on the slide.
Adding an Image
Steps to add an image in presentation:
1. Click on the Insert tab at the menu bar.
2. Go to Image menu in the Insert drop-down.
3. Select the “Upload from computer” option.
4. A selection window opens. You can then select the image that you want to put on the slide.
Resizing an Image
Let us make the image of the Earth a little bigger.
Steps to resize an image in presentation:
1. Click the image to select it.
2. Blue square at the corner of the image will appear.
3. Press the left mouse button on a blue square and drag it to make it bigger.
Cropping an Image
Say we want to remove some part of the image. How can we do that? We can use the Crop tool. Let us learn how to do this.
Steps to crop an image in presentation:
1. Click on the image to select it.
2. Select the Crop tool that appears in the tools bar when the image is selected.
3. Black lines will appear on corners and edges.
4. Drag from black lines to crop the image.
Duplicating a Slide
Let us learn to make a copy of a slide.
Steps to duplicate slides in the presentation:
1. Select the slide you want to duplicate from the Slides Panel.
2. Right-click on the slide, and then select the Duplicate slide option.
Deleting a Slide
We can delete a slide if it’s not needed anymore in the presentation.
Steps to delete slides:
1. Select the slide you want to delete.
2. Right-click on the slide.
3. Select the Delete option.
Presenting a Slide
After completing your presentation, a few of your slides may look like as the slides given below:
It is time to showcase your work to your teacher and classmates. Let us learn how to present a slide.
Steps to show a presentation:
1. Click on the View tab.
2. Click on Slideshow. OR
Click on the Slideshow button in the top right-hand corner. 2
Opening a Presentation
You may need to look at the presentation again. Let us learn how to re-open a file.
Steps to open a presentation:
1. Open Google Slides.
2. Click on the “Recent Presentations” tab.
3. Select the file that you want to open.
Do It Yourself 8C
Fill in the Blanks.
1 We can insert an image into our slide by clicking on button on the toolbar.
2 an image means that we are making it smaller or larger.
3 If part of the image is not needed we it.
4 If we need a new slide that is an exact copy of the previous slide, we it.
5 A slide that is not needed can be .
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints presentation move toolbar automatically
A is a tool to create, showcase and share information in an interactive way. We can an image around by dragging it on the workspace. is the component of Google Slides. Google Slides is saved .
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
What are presentations best used for?
a Playing games
b Sharing information with others
c Solving maths problems easily d Writing paragraphs
Which of the following is not a part of a presentation?
a Slides b Words
c Videos d Paint
How do you add a new slide to your presentation?
a By clicking on the + button on toolbar
b By clicking the “Add Slide” button
c By selecting a slide d By clicking on slideshow
What menu option allows you to add an image to your slide in Google Slides? a Insert b Paint
C. Who Am I?
I help you create presentations online with images and words. You use me when you want to use only a portion of an image. With me you make your shapes and images smaller or bigger.
You can use me to put colours in the shapes. I only appear on the toolbar when a shape is selected.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
File, edit, insert, view, and arrange are known as Title bars. Google Slides helps us to present projects.
E. Answer the Following.
What do you do to add images to your Google Slides?
What are the steps for duplicating a Slide?
What is the way to add a text-box in Google slides?
What are Google Slides used for?
What is the method to add shapes in Google Slides?
F. Apply Your Learning.
Shikha wants to add an image to the slide with the text. How can she do that?
Rahul wants to open slides again to add more shapes. How would he add shapes to his slide?
Mohan is confused between Resizing and Cropping. Help him understand these two tools.
Shubham wants to add one more slide in Google Slides. How would he do that?
Jyoti wants to change the colour of shapes on her Google Slides. How would she do that?
Introduction to Scratch 3.0 9
Brushing teeth is a good way to keep them healthy. We should brush our teeth twice a day, for 2 minutes each time.
Can you tell me how you brush your teeth?
Right! We follow a set of steps to brush our teeth. Here are the steps to brush your teeth:
1 Wet your toothbrush.
2 Put toothpaste on your toothbrush.
3 Brush your teeth for 2 minutes.
4 Spit out the toothpaste.
5 Rinse your mouth with water. These steps are the instructions we follow to brush our teeth. Just like how we use instructions to do something step-by-step, we need to tell computers how to do something step-by-step too.
But computers do not understand our language, so we need to use a special language that they can understand. We call that language coding.
Coding is a way of giving instructions to tell a computer what to do.
We will be using block-based coding to make computers do things for us.
Block-based Coding
Block-based coding is the language in which we use colourful code blocks to tell computers what to do.
You must have drawn things on a computer earlier, right? But did you know that you can use block-based coding to make computers draw shapes and other things for you?
We are going to use a block-based coding platform called Scratch 3.0 to make fun drawings.
Scratch 3.0
Scratch 3.0 is a free and simple platform where we use colourful blocks to create our own games, stories, and drawings.
Creating a Project
Now, let us learn to create a blank project.
Follow the given steps to create a project.
1 Click Create.
Scratch Cat is the official mascot of Scratch because cats are curious and playful animals, just like the children who use Scratch. Did You Know?
2 The Scratch editor opens. By default, the name of a Scratch project is shown as Untitled.
Components of Scratch
The Scratch editor holds all the components needed to create and run a Scratch project.
The components of the Scratch editor are:
1 Menu bar: The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the Menu bar.
The main parts of the menu bar are:
a File and Edit menus: These let us create, save, and open a project.
b Project name: This space shows the name of your project.
c Folder: Clicking here takes you to your 'My Stuff' page where you can see your saved projects.
2 Sprite: A sprite can be a character or an object in a Scratch project.
3 Tabs: There are three tabs in the Scratch editor:
a Code: This tab has various code blocks to make the sprite move and do things.
b Costumes: This tab opens the Costumes editor where we can change how a sprite looks.
c Sounds: This tab opens the Sound editor to add and make changes to the sound effects of the sprite and to the backdrop.
4 Block panel: This panel has nine colour-coded categories of blocks:
We can even add more categories using the Add Extension button.
5 Block palette: This is the area where you can see all the blocks for a selected block category.
6 Script area: The script area is next to the block palette. This is where you drag the blocks to make your sprite do something.
The blocks you put together in the script area are called a Script.
7 Stage: The stage is where you can see backdrops and sprites in action.
8 Sprites pane: The Sprites pane is below the stage. This pane shows all the details of sprites, like their name, location, and size.
9 Backdrop: It is the background of the stage. You can add backdrops from the Scratch library or from your computer.
10 Backdrop pane: It is below the stage and next to the Sprites pane. You can use it to add, upload, edit, or delete backdrops.
11 Go button and Stop button: The green flag is the Go button. You click it to run the script. The red button is the Stop button. You click it to stop the running script.
Discuss! What is the difference between the stage and the backdrop?
Backdrop
Do It Yourself 9A
Identify and label the components based on the clues given below.
1 I'm a character in your project.
2 I show you the options to change the name, size, and location of a character.
3 I hold colour-coded categories of blocks.
4 I'm the area where you drag and join the blocks.
5 I hold all the blocks for a block category.
Chapter Checkup
A Fill in the Blanks.
1 In Scratch, we use colourful to create our own games, stories, and drawing.
2 To create a project in Scratch, you need to click .
3 By default, the name of the Scratch project is .
4 The purple bar at the top of the Scratch editor is called the .
5 The background of the stage is called the .
1 What do you use to stop your running scripts? a b c d
2 The tab is used to .
a open the Sound editor
c close the Sound editor
b listen to songs
d open the Costumes editor
3 Which of the following option has the icon?
a File menu
c Stage
b Edit menu
d Costumes tab
4 Which of the following options has this icon?
a Sprites pane
c Backdrop pane
C Write T for True and F for False.
b Stage
d All of these
1 The default project name in Scratch is Project1.
2 The Go button is used to stop the running project.
3 Events are one of the categories of blocks.
4 The colour of the Go button is green.
Scratch Blocks 10
In the previous chapter, we learnt about Scratch and the components of the Scratch editor. Now, let us explore the various types of blocks in Scratch.
Scratch blocks are colourful pieces of code that you can drag to tell a computer what to do. Each block represents a unique instruction, like moving a sprite, playing a sound, or changing the background.
Scratch blocks are grouped into categories based on what they do. For example, the Motion blocks are used to control the movement of sprites, whereas the Looks blocks are used to change the appearance of sprites.
Each block category is represented by a different colour. This makes it easy to find the blocks you need when you are creating a program.
Let us learn more about the Scratch blocks.
Motion Blocks
blocks are used to control the movement of the sprites. They are blue in colour.
For example, the block makes this sprite move 10 steps towards the right.
Let us learn about some of the Motion blocks.
Blocks
Description
Moves the sprite forward the specified number of steps. Turns the sprite (clockwise) to the specified value. Turns the sprite (anti-clockwise) to the specified value. Moves the sprite to the specified x and y positions.
Looks Blocks
blocks are used to control how a sprite looks. They are purple in colour.
For example, the block will change the boy sprite’s costume from its current costume to Costume 2.
Let us learn about some of the Looks blocks.
Blocks
Description
Makes the sprite say the specified text.
Makes the sprite say the specified text for the specified number of seconds.
Makes the sprite think of the specified text.
Makes the sprite think of the specified text for the specified number of seconds. Shows the sprite.
Hides the sprite.
Changes the costume of the sprite to the specified one.
Events Blocks
blocks are used to tell a computer when to run a script to make things happen.
They are yellow in colour.
An event is something that makes an action happen.
For example, the boy hitting the ball is an event and the ball moving and reaching the net is the action.
Let us learn about some of the Events blocks.
Blocks
Sound Blocks
Description
Runs the script when the green flag (the Go button) is clicked.
Runs the script when the sprite is clicked.
blocks are used to control the sound. They are pink in colour.
For example, making the ball sprite play a hitting sound when the boy hits it.
Let us learn about some of the Sound blocks.
Blocks
Control Blocks
Description
Plays a sound and pauses the script until it finishes.
Plays a sound without pausing the script.
Stops all playing sounds.
blocks are used to control the scripts. They are orange in colour.
For example, making a sprite move towards the right 3 times.
Let us learn about some of the Control blocks.
Blocks Description
Pauses the script for the specified number of seconds.
Repeats the instructions inside it a specified number of times.
Repeats the instructions inside it forever, unless the Stop button is clicked.
Runs the script for the clone (the copy of a sprite) when it is created.
Creates a clone of the specified sprite.
Deletes a clone.
Let us create our first script to move and turn a sprite by using some of these blocks.
1 Click the Events category.
2 Drag the block in the Script area.
3 Click the Motion category.
4 Drag the block to below the block, as shown in the image below.
5 Drag the block to the Script area just below the block, as shown in the image below.
6 Click the button to run the script. The Sprite turns 15 degrees clockwise and then moves forward 10 steps each time you click the button.
We can also change the values in the and blocks to turn by specified degrees and move a specified number of steps at once.
Did You Know?
Scratch is available in more than 40 languages, so kids from all over the world can code in their language!
1 Match the columns.
Column A
Column B
Plays a sound and pauses the script until it finishes.
Turns the sprite (clockwise) to the specified value.
Repeats the instructions inside the block specified number of times.
Runs the script when the green flag (the Go button) is clicked.
Pauses the script for the specified time.
2 Tick the correct colour for the Sound blocks in Scratch.
Chapter Checkup
A Fill in the Blanks.
1 are colourful pieces of code that you can drag together to tell a computer what to do.
2 blocks are orange in colour.
3 The block moves the sprite to the specified x and y position.
4 The block runs the script when the is clicked.
5 The block pauses the script for the specified number of seconds.
1 Which block is used to move a sprite?
2 Which block is used to make a sprite turn clockwise?
3 Which block is used to run a script when the sprite is clicked?
C Write T for True and F for False.
1 The Motion blocks in Scratch are used to control the appearance of sprites.
2 Events blocks are used to tell a computer when to run a script.
3 Sound blocks can make a 'hitting' sound when a ball hits a sprite.
4 Each Scratch block stands for a different instruction.
Making a Scratch Project 11
In the previous chapter, we learnt about some of the scratch blocks. Now, we are going to make a Scratch project to draw a line.
Naming a Project
When a new Scratch project gets created, it comes with a default name 'Untitled' and a default cat sprite 'Sprite1'.
To change the default name, click it and replace it with the new name 'Drawing a Line'.
Now, let us recall what a Sprite is.
A Sprite is a character or object that you can move around on the stage and make this object do things.
Before we learn how to add a sprite to our project, we need to remove the cat sprite, as we don’t need it for the project.
Deleting a Sprite
As you know, Scratch Cat is the default sprite in Scratch. Steps to delete Scratch Cat:
1 Select the sprite to be deleted in the Sprites pane. The button appears.
2 Click the button to delete the sprite.
Adding a Sprite
In Scratch, you can choose to add a sprite from the Sprites pane in four ways:
1 Choose a Sprite: To choose a sprite from the Scratch Sprite Library.
2 Paint: To create a sprite using Paint Editor.
3 Surprise: To add a random sprite.
4 Upload Sprite: To upload a sprite from your computers.
Choosing a Sprite
Now, let us add our first sprite, the Pencil , from the Sprite Library into our project.
Steps to add a sprite from Sprite Library:
1 Click the Choose a Sprite option in the Sprites pane. The Sprite Library opens.
2 Type 'pencil' in the search bar and then click the Pencil sprite.
The Pencil sprite is added to the stage and is also visible in the Sprites pane.
3 Set the Size of the Pencil sprite to 40.
Let us now learn to position our Pencil sprite.
Positioning a Sprite
A position is a place on the stage where you want a sprite to go.
A position on the Scratch stage is made up of two values: x and y.
The x value tells the horizontal (left to right) position of the sprite.
The y value tells the vertical (top to down) position of the sprite.
To set the position of a sprite, you can use the block.
This block makes the sprite go to the position specified by the values of x and y.
Let us make the Pencil sprite go to the centre of the stage when the green flag is clicked.
1 Select the Pencil sprite in the Sprites pane.
2 Click the Events category in the block panel.
3 Drag the block in the script area.
4 Click the Motion category.
6 Set the value of x and y to 0.
Code Output
5 Drag the block to under the block in the script area.
Click the Go button to run your project.
Now, we need to move the Pencil sprite to draw a line.
Moving a Sprite
To move a sprite, you can use the block.
Let us move the pencil sprite 100 steps forward to draw a line.
1 Select the Pencil sprite in the Sprites pane.
2 Click the Motion category in the block panel.
3 Drag the block to under the block in the script area.
4 Set the value of steps to 100.
Code
Output
Click the Go button to run your project.
Did the Pencil sprite draw a line when moved forward by 100 steps? No.
To make the Pencil sprite draw a line, use the Pen extension.
Pen Extension
The Pen Extension in Scratch allows sprites to draw on the stage. The Pen blocks are green in colour. They are used to create simple drawings such as lines, shapes, and patterns or more complex drawings such as pictures and animations.
To use the Pen extension, you must first add it to your Scratch project.
Adding the Pen Extension
Steps to add the pen extension:
1 Click the purple Add Extension button in the bottom left corner of the Scratch Editor window.
2 The Extension Library opens up. Click the Pen extension.
The Pen extension is added to the block panel.
Let us learn about some of the Pen blocks.
Blocks Description
Drawing a Line
Tells the sprite to start drawing on the stage.
Tells the sprite to stop drawing on the stage.
Sets the colour of the pen.
Sets the thickness of the pen.
Makes your pen lighter or darker.
Clears all pen marks on the stage.
Now, let us use Pen blocks to make the Pencil sprite draw a line.
Steps to make the Pencil sprite draw a line:
1 Drag the block between the block and the block (before the Pencil sprite starts moving).
2 Drag the block under the block (once the Pencil sprite stops moving).
Code Output
Click the Go button to run your project.
What happens when you run your project again?
Nothing changes.
What should happen?
The older drawing should be removed. To remove the older drawing, we can use the block.
Erasing a Drawing
Steps to erase the old drawing when the green flag is clicked:
1 Click the Pen category in the block panel.
block.
Code Output
2 Drag the block between the block and the
Click the Go button to run your project.
Did the old drawing get removed or not?
No.
What can be the problem?
The problem is that the new drawing is created so quickly that we cannot see the gap between the old drawing and the new drawing.
To solve the problem, we can use the block. It adds a delay between the erasing of the old drawing and creation of the new drawing.
Adding a Delay
Let us add a delay of 1 second between erasing of the old drawing and creation of the new drawing.
Steps to add a delay of 1 second:
1 Click Control in the block panel.
2 Drag the block between the 0 0 block and the block.
Code Output
Click the Go button to run your project.
The project 'Drawing a Line' is complete. Now, let us learn how to save a project in Scratch.
Saving a Scratch Project
Steps to save a scratch project:
1 Click the File menu in the Menu bar.
2 Click Save now.
Opening an Existing Scratch Project
All the projects you create get saved in the My Stuff folder.
Steps to open a Scratch project from the My Stuff folder:
1 Click the My Stuff folder icon in the top-right corner of the Menu bar.
All your saved projects appear.
2 Go to the project you want to open.
3 Click the corresponding See inside button.
The particular project opens up in the Scratch Editor window.
Discuss!
What happens when you click the green flag in a Scratch project that does not have any code attached to it?
Do It Yourself 11A
1 Identify the missing code block in the given script.
2 What does the block do?
a Tells the sprite to stop drawing
b Tells the sprite to start drawing
c Changes the colour of the sprite’s pen
d None of these
Chapter Checkup
A Fill in the Blanks.
Hints pen up draw pen down erase all sprite
1 A is a character or object that you can move on the stage and make it do things.
2 To start drawing a line, you need to use the block.
3 The Pen extension allows sprites to on the stage.
4 To stop drawing a line, you need to use the block.
5 To erase all pen marks on a screen, you need to use the block.
B Tick () the Correct Option.
1 What extension do you need to make the sprite draw?
Video
Music
2 What block can be used to add delay?
3 What does the block do?
a Turns the pen feature off inside a sprite
b Stops drawing
c Starts drawing
d Changes the pen colour
D Write T for True and F for False.
1 The set pen colour to block sets the thickness of the pen.
2 The erase all block adds delay to the script.
3 The x value tells the vertical (top to down) position of the sprite.
4 The Pen extension allows sprites to draw.
Test Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 5)
A. Fill in the Blanks.
1 Things around us that perform specific tasks are called . 2 is a type of operating system.
3 A folder within a folder is called a .
4 The act of thinking about the facts to make a decision is called .
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 1024 MB is equal to .
a 1 KB
c 1 GB
b 1 MB
d 1 TB
2 The is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.
a DSL
c Fibre
b Cable
d None of these
3 a file means removing it from your computer.
a Deleting
c Restoring
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Stepwise thinking helps us to look at every detail.
b Renaming
d Duplicating
2 The OS helps you to organise files and folders in a proper way.
3 Creating a folder means changing the name of the digital folders.
4 Google Chrome is a web browser made by Microsoft.
D. Answer the Following.
1 What is cloud storage?
2 What is step-wise thinking?
3 What does restoring a file or folder mean?
4 What are search engines? Give examples.
E. Apply Your Learning.
1 Kajal wants to change the position of the taskbar on her screen. How can she move the taskbar to the right of the screen?
2 Girdhari wants to create a new folder on the desktop to keep his personal documents. What are the steps to create a new folder?
3 Jatin is confused about the difference between a web browser and a website. Explain the differences to him and clear his confusion.
Test Paper 2 (Based on Chapters 6 to 11)
A. Fill in the Blanks.
1 A word processor is software used to and edit text.
2 is a way of giving instructions to tell a computer what to do.
3 A is a character or object that you can move around on the stage and make this object do things.
4 A is a place on the stage where you want a sprite to go.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 The is where the name of your document will appear.
a Toolbar b Work area
c Document title d Menu bar
2 blocks are used to control how a sprite looks.
a Looks b Control
c Motion d Sound
3 is used to add a random sprite.
a Choose a sprite b Paint
c Surprise d Upload a Sprite
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 A watermark is like a stamp on a card or notebook, but it stays behind the text and images.
2 Scratch 3.0 is a free platform where we use colourful blocks to create our own games.
3 The Control blocks are green in colour.
4 The Pen Extension in Scratch allows sprites to draw on the stage.
D. Answer the Following.
1 What do you mean by formatting text?
2 Give one example each of superscript and subscript.
3 What is a clipart?
4 Write the steps to upload an image from computer.
E. Apply Your Learning.
1 Kiran wants to copy the formatting from one piece of text and apply it to another text. Which tool she can use to do so?
2 Rahul wants to know the use of Find and Replace in Google doc. Explain it to him.
3 Shubham wants to delete a slide. How would he do that?
Smart Living with AI
Artificial intelligence has become an important part of our lives. We use AI in many devices around us. These devices are connected with the help of IoT.
IOT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system where everyday objects, such as TVs, air conditioners, remotes, and doorbells, are connected to the internet and share data with each other.
Trending IoT-enabled Devices
Smartphone
Smartphones use AI for various tasks, such as face recognition, voice assistants, navigation, weather status, photo filtering, games, etc.
Smart Speaker
A smart speaker is a device that listens to our voice commands to play music, answer questions, and make phone calls.
Smartwatch
Smartwatches are wearable devices that can track your fitness, monitor your health, show notifications from your smartphone, and even run apps.
Smart TV
Smart TV allows its users to play music, films, or change channels using the internet. You can control a smart TV with your voice.
Smart Doorbell
A smart doorbell notifies home owners on their mobile phones when someone arrives at the door and shows them who is there.
Smart Refrigerator
A smart refrigerator can monitor and manage its contents, suggest recipes based on what is inside, and notify you when you are running low on certain items.
Self-driving Car
A self-driving car uses AI to travel between destinations without human help. It has sensors and cameras that enable it to drive independently.
Smart Home
A smart home uses technology to automate and control various aspects of a household. This includes devices and systems like smart lights, security cameras, smart TVs, smart refrigerators, and voice assistants, all connected to the internet.
About the Book
Uolo has introduced a comprehensive program, Hexa, for grades 1 to 8, to empower young minds with the knowledge and the skills they need to thrive in the digital age. From the basics of how computers function to the tools that shape our digital landscape, this series opens the door to a world of endless possibilities. This series will build a strong foundation, helping shape the next generation of digital citizens and innovators. It aims to demystify the world of computer science, making it accessible and engaging for young learners, while preparing them for future academic and professional pursuits in the field.
Special Features
• AI Annexures: To offer a basic understanding of specific domains of Artificial Intelligence.
• Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question, related to the concept, that arouses curiosity.
• Think and Tell: Analysis, reflection, and text-to-self connection based prompts for discussion in class.
• Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of a concept.
• Do It Yourself: Short exercises between the chapter to pause and assess comprehension.
• Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom's Taxonomy.
• Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills.
About Uolo
Uolo partners with K-12 schools to bring technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.
ISBN 978-81-980880-0-0
