Tekie
COMPUTER SCIENCE ICSE
The Magic of the Keystone
Acknowledgements
Academic Authors: Jatinder Kaur, Ayushi Jain, Chandani Goyal, Kashika Parnami, Anuj Gupta, Simran Singh
Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish
Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh, Sanjay Kumar Goel
Project Lead: Jatinder Kaur
VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar
All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
© Uolo EdTech Private Limited
First impression 2023
Second impression 2024
Third impression 2025
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.
Book Title: Tekie ICSE Computer Science 4
ISBN: 978-81-981317-5-1
Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited
Corporate Office Address:
85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003
CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986
Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com
All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.
Preface
Standing at the forefront of the digital and AI revolution, the importance of coding and computational skills has reached unprecedented heights. In today’s professional landscape, whether it is in the fields of medicine, space exploration, education, science, or business, no sector remains untouched by this transformative wave. To thrive in the 21st century, basic computer literacy is no longer sufficient. Learners must evolve into ‘digital natives’ who can fluently read, write, and communicate in the languages that machines and AI comprehend.
Recognising this imperative, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum. Moreover, forward-looking subjects like AI, Data Science, Computer Applications, and IT have been introduced as elective subjects from grade 9 onwards. It wouldn’t be surprising if further transformative measures are taken even at the elementary education level.
Uolo has introduced an innovative 360-degree program for a coding-focused computer science curriculum, known as Tekie, spanning grades 1 to 8. Tekie is a significant stride towards STEM education that aims at making learners future-ready—enabling them with skills needed in the ever-changing, technology-driven, and dynamic 21st-century world.
Tekie adopts a captivating and engaging approach to learning, in line with the recommendations of the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2023 and NEP 2020. The curriculum is ingeniously woven into the thrilling adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional characters from the enchanting land of Avora. The Mel and Conji series epitomises a modern method of acquiring computer science knowledge and honing computational thinking skills. The program includes chapters that provide a deeper immersion in computer science that both learners and teachers may find interesting.
Tekie is a technology-empowered curriculum that encompasses the following components:
• Main Content Books: These introduce learners to the theory of computer science and computer tools. Topics in AI are also covered, along with experiential and project-based learning resources.
• Coding Books: Specifically designed to nurture coding skills, this booklet aligns with the experiential and contextual learning approach of the coding curriculum, fostering critical thinking and problemsolving abilities.
• Animated Learning Videos: The program is powered by high-quality animation-based learning videos that deliver learning in an engaging manner.
• Teacher Manual: This valuable resource supports classroom instruction, ensuring that educators effectively deliver the curriculum.
Welcome to the captivating realm of Tekie! We hope you relish this educational journey as it equips you with the tools you need to thrive in the exciting and ever-changing world of the 21st century.
Product Package at a Glance
Tekie is an interactive, engaging, and experiential computer science program. It enables learners to attain mastery in computer science theory, new-age computer tools and coding. These are delivered through a storytelling-based coursebook and an experiential learningoriented coding book.
The learning experience is augmented by a digital platform that gives learners access to learning videos and experiential activities and projects that are rooted in the curriculum.
Engaging Textbooks
Comic Stories
Teacher Manual
ASSESSMENT
Test Papers
Additional Projects
Test-paper Generator
DIGITAL
Student and Teacher Platform
Learning Videos
Interactive Classroom and Homework Assignments
Byte-size Lesson Modules
Key NEP Recommendations
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduced by the Government of India, represents a transformative shift in the country’s education system. It aims to create a more holistic, dynamic and multidisciplinary approach to education. The NEP highlights the need for early development of computational thinking, coding, and digital literacy as vital skills for students’ holistic growth. UOLO is fully committed to actualising the vision of NEP 2020 by meticulously adhering to its outlined recommendations.
1. Focus on conceptual understanding
2. 21st century skills, values, and dispositions
3. Computational and critical thinking
4. Application in real life
5. Holistic and integrated learning
6. Experiential learning
7. Enjoyable and engaging
8. Artificial intelligence and coding concepts
9. Digital literacy and emerging technologies
10. Factoids on India
Competency-based Education
NEP Pages 12, 17 and 22
Teaching and Learning Pedagogy
NEP Pages 3, 5, 11, 12 and 56
National Pride
NEP Pages 15, 16 and 43
11. Assessment of core concepts and application skills Assessments
NEP Pages 12, 18 and 22
NEP Compliance: Features of Our Book
Project-based Learning
Engaging hands-on projects encouraging practical application of computer science and coding
Story-based Approach
Enchanting tales that bring learning themes to life, making education a captivating adventure 5 7
Latest Computer Tools
Equipping the students with future-ready skills through exposure to the latest tools and technologies
2 3 4 6 8 9
Fun with AI
Engaging chapters to deepen students’ understanding and engagement with AI concepts
Competency-based Assessments
Test papers designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills 3 4 11
Experiential Digital Projects
Projects on the digital platform to deepen understanding and develop essential practical skills
Collaborative Learning
Invites learners to discuss in small groups and present different perspectives
2 3 5 7
Engaging Learning Videos
Story-style learning videos that deliver concepts to students.
7 11
HOTS
Intellectually stimulating questions designed to encourage deep, analytical, critical, and evaluative thought process 1 3 4 5 11
Interactive Quizzes
Interactive quizzes that reinforce learning and assess students’ understanding
3 7 9 11 7 Enjoyable and engaging 8 Artificial intelligence and coding concepts 9 Digital literacy and emerging technologies 10 Factoids on India 11 Assessment of core concepts and application skills
Think It Through
Probing question related to the concept that arouses curiosity
Test-paper Generator
Tool to create customised assessments that align with the curriculum and help evaluate students’ progress effectively.
Mapping of Tools and Technologies Across Grades
The curriculum is thoughtfully mapped to introduce tools and technologies at each grade level, ensuring a smooth and progressive learning experience for students. Beginning with basic concepts in junior grades, the curriculum gradually incorporates more advanced tools and concepts in higher grades. This structured approach enables students to build on their knowledge each year, equipping them with essential skills in computer science and technology as they progress from grade 1 through grade 8. By the time they reach the higher grades, students are well-equipped to tackle complex projects, think critically, and apply their skills in real-world scenarios. The curriculum not only fosters technical proficiency but also encourages creativity, problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of the digital world.
Chapter at a Glance: Walkthrough of Key Elements
Advantages of a Computer
Theme Page: Lists the chapters covered under a unit
A computer can do many things for us. Some advantages of computers are:
Comic Story: To introduce key concepts in a fun way
Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question related to the concept that arouses curiosity
Did You Know: Interesting facts related to the topic
Disadvantages of a Computer
Computers are very useful but they also have some disadvantages. Some of them are:
doing many things on a computer at the same time an advantage? Think and Tell It can store a large amount of data like pictures, music, videos, and games.
Places Where Computers Are Used
Places Where Computers Are Used
Explore More: Short videos to find out more about the topic
Project-based
engaging and interactive learning experience
Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy
Points to Remember: Summary of the chapter
Apply Your Learning: Intellectually stimulating questions designed for higher-order thinking and analysis
Artificial Intelligence: Chapters on Artificial Intelligence to explore the fundamentals of AI, including its principles and applications in various fields
Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills
A. Fill in the blanks.
Test Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 3)
1 Things that are present in nature are called things.
2 Some machines need to work.
3 Computers are used in to keep information of patients.
4 At restaurants, computers are used to order and pay for B. Tick () the correct answer.
1 Which of the following is a human-made thing? a Mountains
2
3 After turning the computer
Introduction to Avora
Places in Avora
Meet the Characters
•
•
• Working with Images and Clipart
• Text
and Watermark
• Introduction to Presentation
• Adding and Moving Text
• Working with Slides
•
* This chapter is not a part of the prescribed ICSE curriculum. It has been added after consideration of the latest trends in the computer science field. Teaching this chapter or including it in the assessment process is entirely at the discretion of the school and the subject teacher.
Understanding Computers
Do you know, we did not always have watches or mobile phones to know the time. Long ago, people used something called sundials. They used the sun’s shadow to know what time it was.
The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur was built by the king, Sawai Jai Singh II. It is the world’s largest stone sundial! Did You Know?
Later, large clocks were invented.
Then, these clocks got smaller in size. They could be carried around in pockets or worn on one’s wrist.
Nowadays, we have smartwatches that not only tell us the time but also do much more than that, like:
• showing messages,
• letting us use the internet, and
• setting alarms.
This is how clocks have got better and smarter over time. But since ancient times, they have served a common purpose—to track time!
Devices and Computers
Things around us that perform specific tasks are called devices. If you look closely, we are surrounded by devices. Even a nail is a simple device that helps us hang photographs or a calendar on the wall. A smartphone is a complex device that helps us stay connected with friends and family, send messages, watch videos, and even play games.
Think and Tell
Name a few devices around you and say how you use them.
The Computer: A Remarkable Device!
Computers are smart devices that can help us do lots of things. We can use the internet on it to find information on many topics.
Computers also let us play games, watch videos, type assignments, and draw pictures on them.
Like clocks, computers have also evolved through the ages. The first computer, developed by Charles Babbage, was bigger than a room. Smartwatches, on the other hand, are actually small computers!
A computer is an electronic device or machine that performs various calculations and carries out different tasks for us, based on the instructions that we give it.
Explore More!
Computers are becoming stronger and tinier. Know more about it here!
But how does the computer do all this? Let’s learn about it in the next section.
Data, Processing, and Information
A computer takes inputs from us in the form of ‘data’, processes them, and finally provides us with output in the form of ‘information’.
But what is Data and Information?
Data is facts, numbers, or symbols that we collect and enter into the computer. Information is the knowledge or understanding that we gain when the computer analyses and puts together the data that we entered in it.
Let’s understand data and information further with the help of an example.
Imagine you have a jigsaw puzzle with many pieces that together make a picture. Each piece shows only a part of the picture and doesn’t reveal the whole picture on its own.
But when you put all the pieces together and finish the puzzle, you see and understand the full picture! Similarly, data is like the separate pieces of the puzzle. As pieces, they do not give us complete information. However, when we put them together in the right way, they become the information we need.
Discuss!
Give one example of data and information with your partner.
In a nutshell, a computer is a device that accepts input data from us, processes it as per the instructions we provide, and finally produces the result as output or information. So, watching videos, listening to music, and playing games on the computer are all examples of input, processing, and output.
Computers process data using the Central Processing Unit or CPU. The CPU is like the brain of the computer. It takes our inputs and processes them. After processing the data, the computer gives us the results, or output, on a screen, on paper, or as a sound on the speaker.
Can you think of some more examples of input and output in computers? Think and Tell
With time, devices are getting smaller and faster. It happened with clocks; now, it is happening with computers too!
Explore More!
What does the inside of a computer look like? What does a CPU look like? Scan and find out.
Do It Yourself 1A
Which of the following is not a device? Tick () the right option.
a Virus b Pen c Hammer d Comb
Write T for True and F for False.
a Clocks have grown in size over the last few hundred years.
b Computers continue to get smaller and faster with time.
c Computers can help us only to watch films.
d Data is like the pieces of a puzzle, while information is like the complete picture.
Imagine that you are scrolling down the computer screen with your mouse. Arrange the steps as a. to c. in the correct order.
Steps
Processing the input
Looking at the movement of the mouse on the screen
Moving the mouse on the table
Computer Memory
Akshay loves to write. In fact, he writes in his personal diary every night before he goes to bed. He shares everything with his diary: what went well in the day, what did not; what made him happy, what did not; and what he learnt and what he could have done better. He writes it all down.
Just like the diary stores the details of Akshay’s day, a computer has memory to store data and information. Everything that we do on the computer is stored in its memory, for example, saving a file, storing pictures, and downloading something from the internet.
Understanding Computer Memory
Computer memory is measured in units called Bytes. Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB) and Terabytes(TB) are bigger units of computer memory.
1024 Bytes = 1 KB (KiloByte)
1024 KB = 1 MB (MegaByte)
1024 MB = 1 GB (GigaByte)
1024 GB = 1 TB (TeraByte)
Did You Know?
Storage with capacities in Gigabytes (GBs) and Terabytes (TBs) are like super-duper backpacks that can hold a LOT of information!
A storage of 1 GB is equivalent to about 20,000 photos or videos as long as 300 hours!
A TB is even larger—it is roughly equivalent to 20 lakh photos and 3-lakh hours long videos!
There are two types of computer memories—Primary and Secondary.
Computer Memory
Let us understand the two using the example of Akshay and his diary.
Primary Memory
Many things happen in Akshay’s life. Akshay remembers things that happened even a few years ago. However, as he grows older, newer things will keep happening in his life. This makes him forget the older things, at times.
So, we can say that Akshay’s mind is his primary memory.
Similarly, in computers, its Primary Memory holds data related to programs that are currently running in it. It’s like the computer’s working area, where it keeps everything that it is actively using.
Primary Memory, therefore, is the computer’s internal memory where it stores data related to currently running programs. It is the built-in memory of the computer and is always available to the CPU.
In computers, a type of Primary Memory exists which is called Random Access Memory or simply RAM.
RAM is that type of the computer’s primary memory that stores information about the programs you are using right now. For example, working on a document, playing a game or listening to music. When the computer is turned off, the RAM is cleared, like a blackboard is wiped clean.
Computer Functions Using RAM
The other type of Primary Memory is called Read Only Memory or ROM.
ROM is that type of the Primary Memory that stores important instructions and information that the computer always needs for functioning. It contains rules that the computer reads every time it starts, so it knows how to work. But if you switch off the computer, unlike RAM, ROM does not erase its memory.
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM ROM
RAM is like the computer’s short-term memory. When the computer is turned off, data is lost.
ROM is like the computer’s long-term memory. Data is not lost when the computer is turned off.
It helps the computer work faster and better. It helps to run the computer.
Data on the RAM can be changed or erased.
It is used to store data and instructions that the computer is currently using.
E.g. RAM is used to store the data of the game we are currently playing.
Data on the ROM cannot be changed or erased.
It is used to store important instructions that help the computer perform its basic functions like shutting down and restarting.
E.g. ROM is used to store the information for things like starting and rebooting the computer.
Think and Tell
Sometimes, our computers hang, or programs suddenly crash. Is this problem related to RAM or ROM?
Secondary Memory
We learnt that the Primary Memory, like our mind’s memory, is limited.
But what about Akshay’s diary? After sometime, Akshay could forget older things that had happened, but the diary will continue to store them. The diary is, therefore, an example of what is called the Secondary Memory.
Secondary memory, also known as auxiliary memory, is the computer’s external storage beyond the primary memory. It is used to store data and programs that are not immediately needed by the computer’s processor.
The memory of your computer can be increased using secondary storage devices. Some examples of secondary storage devices are external hard disks, pen drives (also called flash drives), and SD cards.
Let us learn more about them.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
It is the main storage device for a computer. It is made up of disks called platters. It is generally a part of the computer but it can removed and replaced. We also call it a Hard Drive. HDDs can store data in several Gigabytes (GBs) and even a few Terabytes (TBs).
External Hard Disk
External Hard Disks can be connected to the computer. They can store data in Gigabytes (GB) or even in Terabytes (TB). They are not fitted inside the CPU and are generally connected to the computer with a wire. It is a portable storage device, which means we can carry an External Hard Disk with us.
Pen Drive
A Pen Drive is a small and handy device that helps us store and carry important information such as our school projects, pictures, and even music or videos. These tiny devices can store a lot of data, up to 2 TB! They are also called Flash Drives. They are also portable like External Hard Disks but are much smaller in size.
Memory Card
A Memory Card is a small, flat device that is mostly used to extend the memory of devices like a camera or a smartphone. Even though it is very small, it can store a lot of pictures and videos!
Using a memory card is easy. We just need to slide it into the memory card slot of our device. Once it’s inside, our device can read the information stored on the memory card. Memory cards typically store data up to a few hundreds of GBs.
Compact Discs (CDs) and Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs)
These are small and shiny discs that we can put inside a CD or DVD player. We usually use these to listen to music, watch films, and play games. We can also store other important things like files and pictures on CDs and DVDs. CDs typically store data up to a few hundreds of kilobytes (KBs), while DVDs up to a few GBs.
Cloud Storage
These days, we also have a digital storage space called Cloud Storage. It is like a big storage space on the internet where you can keep all your files and access them anytime, anywhere, and from any device as long as you are connected to the internet. Cloud Storage can provide large storage capacity. Most of the time, we get free Cloud Storage of up to a few GBs.
Explore More!
Don’t you think it is magical to use your files from anywhere and at anytime? Let us learn more about Cloud Storage here!
Do It Yourself 1B
Classify each of the following as Primary Memory or Secondary Memory devices.
Which type of Primary Memory is used for these functions? Write the correct type in the blank beside it.
Computer Functions
a A game is played on the computer
b Managing how a mouse would connect to the computer
c How the computer would restart
d A website is opened on the Google chrome
3
RAM or ROM
Arrange the following devices in order of their usual storage space, from highest to lowest.
Points to Remember
Data is simply just facts, numbers, or symbols that we collect.
Information is the knowledge or understanding we gain from the processed or organised data.
Computers take input data from us, process it and deliver output information to us.
Primary Memory is the computer’s main memory.
Random Access Memory (RAM) is that type of the computer’s primary memory that stores information about the programs that are active. It clears up when the computer is switched off.
Read Only Memory (ROM) is a permanent memory that contains instructions related to the running of the computer and other important information that can never be lost, even if the computer is switched off.
Secondary Memory is an additional memory for the computer, similar to when we add extra storage to keep more things.
Cloud Storage is a digital space where you can store your files and get them whenever you want, using the internet.
A. Fill in the Blanks.
is just simple facts, numbers, or symbols that we collect.
The knowledge or understanding we gain from the processed or organised data is called . make our lives easier.
A KiloByte is equivalent to bytes.
Storage with capacity in can hold a lot of information.
I have turned off the computer. The data stored on will still be there when I turn the computer on again. The data on , however, might get lost.
storage of the computer is limited, while storage is unlimited.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
Which memory stores data on the internet?
a RAM b Cloud Storage
The smallest unit of data among the following is: a
How many types of memory are there in a computer? a One
c Three
Two
Four
We can use the computer to print documents. Which of the following is the input for this function?
a The document is printed out by the printer.
c The user types on the document.
C. Who Am I?
b The user clicks on the Print command.
d The user saves the document in the Cloud.
People add me when they have limited space on their camera.
I am like loose pieces of knowledge. Putting me together gives you the complete picture.
I am used by the computer for running active programs.
I’m a digital place up high, when files go up into the sky.
No physical form, just digital space, where your important things find a safe place.
You can use me, near or far, with an internet connection, no matter where you are.
What am I? Can you tell? A special storage, like a virtual spell.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
ROM is the secondary storage device connected to the computer.
Secondary memory is also called internal memory.
Things stored in Cloud Storage can be accessed from anywhere.
If my computer is running slowly, it could be because I am running too many programs and taking up too much RAM.
E. Answer the Following.
Do you think a computer is a device? Explain your answer.
How many types of computer memory are there? Explain them, briefly.
What is Secondary Memory? Give three examples of Secondary Memory.
What is Cloud Storage? Write two advantages of cloud storage.
What are the differences between data and information? Mention any two.
F. Apply Your Learning.
Arnav is a Grade 4 student who loves drawing on his tablet. He has made many amazing drawings, but he’s worried about losing them if something happens to his tablet. Which storage should Arnav use to save his digital art?
Nisha is an engineer. She works on multiple programs on her computer for long hours. She often struggles with her computer as it keeps hanging every now and then. She finally decides to buy a new computer. What are some of the things she should keep in mind when buying a new computer?
Hint: Think about primary and secondary memory!
While working on his project, Rahul was using the internet on his computer to look for pictures. After a while, he decided to take a lunch break. While he was eating lunch, there was a power cut and the computer switched off immediately. Would Rahul find his website exactly as he left it when he turns his computer on again? Explain your answer.
Operating Systems
We can do a lot of things on computers—play music, watch videos, and play games.
But do you know what makes all these things possible? The Operating System (OS).
The OS makes the computer run smoothly and do multiple things in it.
But what is an Operating System (OS)?
An Operating System is a software that helps us to communicate with the computer and tell it what to do.
Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.
Did You Know?
The first operating system was called “GM-NAA/O” and was released in the 1950s.
The OS is like the principal of a school. Just like the principal runs the school, the OS runs a computer.
There are many types of Operating Systems, as shown below:
Features of an Operating System
Let us look at some of the features of an Operating System.
• Easy-to-use interface: An interface is a medium to talk to a machine. The OS is an interface that lets you talk to your computer. You can use icons, buttons, and menus to tell the computer what you want it to do.
• File management: The OS helps you to organise files and folders in a proper way. It also helps you to find your files easily when you need them. It is like a digital assistant.
• Multitasking: The OS lets you work on multiple tasks at the same time. You can easily switch between different apps and programs without any confusion. For example, you can paint a picture and play a song on your computer at the same time.
• Memory management: The OS keeps track of how much memory each program is using and makes sure that no program uses too much memory.
• Device management: The OS manages all the devices connected to your computer and makes sure they are ready for use when needed. For example, if you want to print a document, the operating system makes sure that the printer is connected to your computer and that it is ready to print.
Introduction to Windows 10
Windows 10 is one of the most popular Operating Systems for computers. It has many features and functions.
To start a computer that has Windows 10, do the following:
Explore More!
The Windows OS has evolved over time. Scan this to know more about it.
1. Press the power button to turn on your computer.
2. The computer then starts getting the system ready for you to use it. This process is called Booting. The program which helps in booting is known as the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) program.
3. Once Windows 10 is loaded, you will see the Windows 10 desktop.
Let us learn the different elements of the Windows 10 desktop.
Did You Know?
Windows lets you unlock your computer using your face, fingerprint, or an eye scan to make it more secure.
Elements
Desktop
Taskbar
Start button
Icons
Wallpaper
Description
The main screen on the computer when it is ready to use.
This is a bar at the bottom of the screen on the Desktop.
Opens the Start Menu on clicking. The Start Menu shows the list of all the apps installed on your computer.
These are shortcuts of files and folders on the desktop that we can quickly access.
The wallpaper is the background image on your desktop.
Think and Tell
Which icons do you think we should have on our desktop?
Do It Yourself 2A
Which of the following are the elements of the desktop? Tick () the correct option.
a Taskbar b Start Button
c Icons d All of the above
Write T for True and F for False.
a We can paint on a computer even without an operating system.
b The computer boots when it is switched on.
c We can have many icons on the desktop.
Column A Column B
Desktop Manages computer software
Booting Process of starting the computer
Taskbar Area where you see icons and wallpapers
Desktop Elements—Deep Dive
We have many things in our room—clothes, notebooks, toys, and so on.
But we place our most important things on the tabletop, things that we use most frequently. Similarly, we put our most important apps, files, and folders on the desktop. Let’s learn more about the elements of the desktop.
Taskbar
The Taskbar is the bar in the bottom of the window. You can put your favourite apps on the taskbar so you can find them easily. This is really helpful when you use the same apps many times, like a web browser or a game.
Components of the Taskbar
• Start button: The Start button is like the gateway to your computer. By clicking on it, you can access your programs, settings, and files.
• Search button: The Search button is a handy tool next to the Start button. It allows you to search for files, programs, settings, and even search the internet.
• Cortana: Cortana is a feature that allows you to talk to the OS when using your computer. It responds with a voice.
• Dock: The dock is an area on the Taskbar where you can put shortcuts to your favourite apps for easy access. It’s like a quick menu for opening your most-used programs with just one click.
• Notification area: The notification area, or the system tray, is a small part on the right side of the Taskbar. It shows icons for programs and notifications. It tells you important things, like new emails or updates.
• Desktop show/Hide button: The desktop show/hide button is a button on the taskbar. It helps you quickly minimise or hide all open windows and show your desktop with just a click.
Aero Peek
Aero Peek is a feature in Windows that lets you see your desktop without actually minimising any of your open windows. To use Aero Peek, you just need to hover your mouse over open applications in the Taskbar.
Hover means letting your cursor float over an icon without clicking it.
Discuss!
How can you use Cortana’s help to quickly open your favourite game?
The next time you are using a computer, why don’t you try and hover over all the Taskbar features to see what they do?
Changing the Taskbar Location
The taskbar location can be changed on the screen. It can be placed on the left, right, top, or bottom of the screen.
Let us see how we can change the location of the taskbar:
Did You Know?
Some operating systems, like Android, have fun names inspired by delicious desserts. Each new version is named after a different treat, like Cupcake, Donut, and Marshmallow.
1. Move the mouse pointer to the Taskbar and right-click on it.
2. Choose the Taskbar settings option from the pop-up menu.
Choose the Taskbar settings
3. The Settings window opens up for Taskbar features. Scroll down to the option ‘Taskbar location on screen’.
Select where you would like your taskbar to be. The taskbar will automatically move to the new position you selected.
Shortcut Menus
Select the location from the drop-down
Shortcut menus are menus that pop up when we right-click on the Desktop and icons. From those pop-up menus, we can choose a few options such as making new files or folders, sorting icons, opening or renaming the names of apps, etc.
Desktop Shortcut Menu
Steps to open the shortcut menu to personalise your Desktop:
1. Right-click on an empty area in the desktop, and a menu will pop up.
2. Select the Personalize option from the pop-up menu.
3. You may change features such as the desktop background, windows colour, etc.
Icons Shortcut Menu
Steps to open the icon shortcut menu to change the properties of an application:
1. Right-click on an icon on the desktop, and a shortcut menu will pop up.
2. Select the Properties option.
3. View the details or apply changes such as renaming the application or changing the icon.
Shortcut Keys
Imagine you are working on a school project. You need to switch between a document and a web browser. How will you do that?
You can click on their icons in the taskbar at the bottom of your screen. It is like changing channels on your TV.
But do you know that we can switch between the two things in even faster ways by using Shortcut keys?
The Windows key is a special key at the bottom-left of the keyboard. It is used in combination with other keys to make Shortcut keys.
Let us learn about a few shortcut keys and their function.
Shortcut Key Function
Windows key Tab +
Windows key Tab +
Windows key Tab +
Windows key Tab +
Opens the Task View, where you can switch between open windows and virtual desktops.
Windows key C +
Windows key Tab +
Windows key C +
Windows key C +
Windows key C +
Windows key C +
Windows key S +
Opens the Cortana search box for voice or text-based searches.
Windows key S +
Windows key S +
Windows key S +
Windows key S +
Windows key I +
Windows key I +
Windows key I +
Windows key I +
Windows key I +
Windows key D +
Opens the Search feature to find files, applications, settings, or even search the web.
Open the Settings menu, where you can customise various options related to your computer.
Windows key D +
Windows key D +
Windows key D +
Windows key D +
Do It Yourself 2B
Minimises all open windows and takes you directly to the desktop.
Search for the words given in the box Word Grid. 1 2
Imagine you have lots of apps open on your computer. You want to close one of them. How can you figure out the one you want to close without actually maximising it? Tick () the correct option.
a Using Aero Shake b Using Sneak Peek
c Using Aero Peek d Using Aero Snap
Words: WINDOWS 10
c To personalise the desktop. d To play games. 3
Which of the following is a use of the Desktop Shortcut Menu? Tick () the correct option.
a To play songs. b To access frequently used files.
Desktop Settings
Let us learn to apply various settings such as theme colour, font, background, screen saver, mouse pointer, date and time, and volume on the computer desktop, one by one.
Setting Theme Colour
Steps to customise the colours on your computer:
1. Click the Start button and select the gear icon to open the Settings menu.
Select Settings from Start
In the 1950s, the first computer operating system, called “General Motors Research Operating System,” was developed to control and manage early computers. Did You Know?
2. Choose the Personalization option from the menu.
3. Select Colors option from the sidebar.
4. Choose a colour of your choice from the Windows colors palette.
Select Colors option
Choose a color
5. The changes will take effect right away.
Setting Theme Font
Steps to adjust fonts on your computer:
1. Open Settings and select Personalization option.
2. Select Fonts option.
3. Select the font style and size you want.
Choose a font
Select Fonts option
4. Preview the font as you make the changes.
5. The font settings will be applied automatically.
Setting Background
Steps to change your desktop background:
1. Right-click on the desktop.
2. Select the Personalize option.
3. Select Background option.
4. Choose a picture or browse for other options.
5. The picture will be set as your desktop background immediately. Select Personalize
Select Background option
Setting Screen saver
A screen saver is a fun and colourful display that appears on a computer screen when you’re not using it for a while.
Choose a picture
What are some creative or fun screen savers that you have come across or would love to have on your computer? Think and Tell
Let us see how we can change it.
1. Open Settings and choose the Personalization option.
2. Select the Lock screen option.
3. Scroll down and click on Screen saver settings. Select Lock screen option Click on Screen saver settings
4. Choose a screen saver from the options.
Choose a Screen saver
5. Click Apply and then OK to save your changes.
Changing Mouse Pointer
Steps to change mouse pointer:
1. Type “control” in the Search bar.
2. Choose the Control Panel app.
3. Choose the Mouse option.
Choose Control Panel
Type “control” in Search bar
Choose Mouse
4. Go to the Pointers tab in the Mouse Properties window.
5. Choose a Pointer of your choice from the Customize section. Select Pointers Tab
Choose a Pointer
6. Preview and select your favourite pointers.
7. Click on Apply and then OK buttons to save the changes.
Setting Date and Time
Steps to set date and time:
1. Open Settings from the Start button.
2. Select the Time & Language option.
Think and Tell
Which style of mouse pointer would you like to use?
Select Settings from Start
Select Time & Language
3. Select Date & Time option.
4. Toggle the switch to turn on the automatic time settings. Toggle means switching between two options by pressing or clicking. Here the options are on and off.
Select Date & Time
Adjusting Volume
Steps to adjust volume:
Toggle the switch to turn on the automatic time
1. Click on the Speaker icon at the bottom right-hand corner of the screen.
Select the Speaker icon
2. Choose the Open Volume mixer option.
Select Open Volume mixer
3. Move the volume slider up or down to adjust the volume as you want.
4. Click on the speaker icon to mute or unmute the volume. Use sliders to change the volume
Click on the speaker icons to mute or unmute
It Yourself 2C
How can you set the date and time on your computer? Tick () the correct option.
a Go to the Control Panel and select “Date and Time”.
b Right-click on the taskbar and choose “Date and Time Settings”.
c Use the shortcut key “Ctrl + D”.
d Open the Start menu and click on “Time and Date”.
Write T for True and F for False.
a The theme setting colour can be changed.
b The theme font style can be changed.
c The screen saver appears randomly at any time of the day.
d The volume can be adjusted using the icon in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen.
Points to Remember
The Operating System controls everything in computers and makes sure it works properly and is ready for our use. Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.
Booting is a process that takes place when the computer is switched on.
Taskbar is the bar at the bottom of the desktop and has a start button, search bar, and various other options.
Taskbar Settings allows us to change what it looks like and where it is placed.
We can perform shortcuts using a combination of keys.
Customising Windows is making a computer look and sound the way you want.
Start Button opens the menu for finding programs and settings.
Cortana Search helps you find things on your computer.
Search Button is used to search for files, folders, and settings.
Dock is the place for your favourite programs.
Notification Area shows messages and quick settings.
Desktop Show/Hide Button is used to show or hide the desktop to switch between open applications and the desktop.
Aero Peek is a quick preview of the desktop.
Windows 10 is an example of an
When you turn on a computer, it goes through a process known as .
The is the main screen of your computer where you can place shortcuts, files, and folders.
The button on the taskbar launches a voice assistant to help you search for information.
area on the taskbar displays
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
and system icons.
The feature that allows you to change the mouse pointer on your computer is called
The icon is used to change the volume level on your computer.
a Start
c Volume Control
b Taskbar
d Control Panel
The search feature in Windows 10 that helps you find files, settings, and applications is called the
a Start Button
c Quick Access
b Search Bar
d Notification Area
The background image displayed on your computer’s desktop is called .
a Mouse
b Screen saver
c Background Image d Desktop Theme
C. Who Am I?
I help you make your device work smoothly, and control all the apps and games you love to use. Without me, your device wouldn’t know what to do.
I am the screen where you can do lots of things on your computer. You can click on icons to open programs and change settings.
I am a small picture or symbol that represents a program, file, or folder on your desktop. You can click on me to open or access what I represent.
I am a special area on your computer screen where you can see and switch between open programs or apps. You can find me at the bottom of the screen.
I am a virtual assistant, and I am always here to help you with your computer needs. You can talk to me if you have any questions.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
We boot the computer to shut it down.
The data and time set in the computer can never be changed.
The Taskbar in Windows 10 includes features like the Start button, Cortana Search, and the Notification Area.
Aero Peek lets you see your desktop without minimising any windows. Just hover your mouse over the taskbar icons.
What
How would you define the process of booting a computer?
Apply Your Learning.
Anika wants to customise the colour and font settings of her Windows 10 interface. How would she customise the settings?
Rahul wants to change the appearance of his mouse pointer. How would he customise the mouse pointer’s shape and size?
Anika wants to change the wallpaper on her Windows 10 desktop to a picture of her favourite superhero. How would she do that?
Rohit wants to adjust the volume of the music playing on his computer. How would he use the taskbar to control the volume?
John is an American and is traveling to India for work. There is a time difference of about 11 hours and 30 minutes. What should be the changes that he can make in his computer so that he can work better here?
Introduction to Files and Folders
Human beings have always valued writing down memories and experiences. Ancient civilisations recorded their stories, beliefs, and experiences in cave paintings, on clay tablets, and stone inscriptions.
As civilisation advanced, so did the method of recording. It led to the development of writing systems and eventually, the invention of paper and printing.
In modern times, we store important information on our computers for easy access.
But where is this information stored on our computers?
All this information is stored in files on a computer system.
A file is a digital space used to store different types of information on a computer. It acts like a container for items like images, videos, texts and so on.
Discuss!
When we are at school, we take notes in our notebooks. Can we compare a computer file with a notebook?
Files store information for us.
But at times, we might need to organise files. You may, for instance, need to put all school-related files together in one place and other files in a different place. Folders help us do that.
We can also create a folder within another folder. A folder within a folder is called a sub-folder.
A folder is a container that stores files and other folders. Folders can be used to organise files and make them easier to find. They act as holders where you can group similar files together.
Did You Know?
Folders are also called Directories.
Creating a File
We can create different types of files. Let us learn how to create a Microsoft Word file.
Steps to create a Word file:
1. Right-click on an empty space on the desktop. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Place the cursor over the New option.
3. Click on the Microsoft Word Document option.
4. A new Word Document will be created with a default name.
Explore More!
folder.
Creating Folders and Subfolders
Steps to create a folder:
1. Right-click on an empty space on the desktop. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Place the cursor over the New option.
3. Click on the Folder option.
4. A new folder will be created with a default name—New folder.
5. To create a folder quickly, press the Ctrl+Shift+N keys together.
Steps to create a subfolder:
1. Open the main folder by double-clicking on the icon.
Position the cursor over the New option.
2. Right-click inside the main folder. Follow the same steps as earlier to create the folder easily. A new folder within this folder will now be created. Click on the Folder option.
Renaming Files and Folders
We learnt how to create files and folders. New files and folders are assigned default names once created.
Let us learn how to rename them according to our preferences. Renaming a folder/file means changing the name of our digital files and folders.
Steps to rename a folder:
1. Right-click on the folder. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Select Rename option. This will let us change the name of the folder.
3. Type in a new name.
4. Press Enter key or click outside the folder to save the new name.
Select the Rename option.
Steps to rename a file:
1. Right click on the file, a pop-up menu will appear.
2. Select the Rename option. This will let us change the name of the file.
3. Type in the new name for the file.
4. Press Enter key or click outside the file to save the new name. Select the Rename option.
Think and Tell
Why do you think it is important to give correct names to folders?
Do It Yourself 3A
Explore More!
We learnt how to create a Word Document. Scan the QR to learn about other types of files.
Write T for True and F for False:
a Files help us to store information on the computer.
b Files can only store texts in the form of Word documents.
c Folders help us to organize our files in the computer.
d We can create folders within a folder.
e We are allowed to rename files, but not folders.
Number the following steps a to d to create a folder in the correct order.
Give it a name.
Position the cursor over the New option.
Click on the Folder option.
Right-click on the desktop.
Selecting Files and Folders
2 To do any operation on a file or folder, we first need to select it. Let us learn about this.
Selecting a File or Folder
Steps to select a single file or folder:
1. Click on the file or folder you want to select.
Selecting Multiple Files or Folders
Steps to select multiple files or folders:
Click on the file or folder to select it.
1. Press and hold the Ctrl key and select the files by left clicking on them one by one.
Click on the files or folders one by one to select.
2. All the files will be selected.
Selecting a Range of Files or Folders
Steps to select a range of adjacent files or folders:
1. Press and hold the Shift key.
2. Click on the first file or folder in the range.
3. Click on the last file or folder in the range.
Press and hold Shift key on your keyboard. 2 1 3
Click on the first file or folder in the range.
Click on the last file or folder in the range.
Duplicating Files and Folders
Let us say we are preparing for a play for the Annual Day at school. We have one copy of the script, but there are nine students acting in the play. We need to make copies of the script so that everyone can have their own copy. What can we do?
We can go to the nearest photocopy shop. The shopkeeper creates an exact copy of our document by pressing the Copy button on a photocopy machine. Once the copying process is complete, he takes the freshly copied document and gives it to us.
Similarly, on a computer, you can copy files and folders and paste them in different locations. The main document that you copied remains at the same location without any changes. Hence, duplicating files and folders means making an exact copy of a file or folder and pasting the copied file or folder into a different location of our choice. You can copy and paste the copied file or folder to the same location also, it will be saved with the similar name with Copy word as suffix
Steps to copy and paste a file in a folder:
1. Right-click on the file or folder you want to copy. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Click on the Copy option.
3. Open the folder you want to paste it in.
4. Right-click on the empty space in the desired folder. Then, select the Paste option.
5. The copy of the file or folder is now in the new location.
6. You can use Ctrl+C to copy and Ctrl+V to paste.
Moving Files and Folders
To make our books easy to find, we organise our bookshelves. Similarly, to tidy up our computer drive, we can move a file or folder to a different place. When we want to move a folder or file on a computer, we can use a special command called Cut and Paste.
First, we select the folder or file we want to move, just like a person picking up a stack of documents. Then, we Cut the folder or file, which is like lifting the stack of documents off a table. Finally, we Paste the folder or file in the new location. The computer moves the whole folder/ file there, just like a person sets down a stack of documents in a new spot.
Steps to move a folder or file:
1. Right-click on the folder or file. A pop up menu will appear.
2. Click on the Cut option.
3. Open the folder you want to paste it in.
4. Right-click on an empty space where you want to move the folder or file and then select Paste.
5. The file will be moved to the new location.
6. You can use Ctrl+X to cut and Ctrl+V to paste.
Shortcut Icons
In our notebooks, we sometimes use bookmarks to go to important pages. Bookmarks are thin strips of paper that can be attached to a page, as shown in the picture. Similarly, a shortcut icon helps us quickly open a file or folder. Shortcut icons are usually kept on the desktop to open the most frequently used items.
How is moving files and folders different from duplicating them?
Creating Shortcut of a File/Folder
1. Locate the file or folder.
2. Right-click on the file or folder you want to create a shortcut for. Then select Create Shortcut option.
Select the Create shortcut option.
3. A shortcut to the file or folder will be created. The shortcut will have the same name as the file or folder, but it will have a small arrow in the bottom left-hand corner to indicate that it is a shortcut.
4. You can move the shortcut to any location. Usually, shortcuts are placed on the desktop for easy access. Fill in the Blanks.
Do It Yourself 3B
1 We can click on a file or folder that we want to select.
2 We can hold the key and then select multiple files together using the mouse.
3 The key allows us to select a range of files.
4 Duplicating a files mean creating a of the file. This does not delete the original file.
5 Moving a file from one folder to another requires us to the file and then paste it to the other folder.
6 allow us easy access to a file. We usually place these on the desktop of the computer.
Deleting Files and Folders
In order to keep our home organised and clean, we keep throwing away things that we do not use anymore.
In the same way, we Delete old files that are not needed anymore. Hence, deleting a folder or file means removing it from our computer.
Steps to delete a file or folder:
1. Right-click on the file or folder you want to delete. A pop-up menu will appear.
2. Select the Delete option. The selected file or folder will be deleted.
Restoring Files and Folders
Let’s say you accidentally deleted an important file. What can you do now?
You can restore the deleted folder or file. Restoring means to bring something back.
Removing a folder or file does not completely deletes it from the computer. It is sent to a location known as the Recycle Bin.
Hence, restoring a folder or file means getting it back to the previous location from the Recycle Bin.
Steps to restore a file or folder:
1. Open the Recycle Bin on your computer.
2. Right-click on the file or folder you want to restore. A pop-up menu will appear.
If we use the Shift + Delete on a file/folder, we can permanently delete it from our computer. But we must be very careful when using this combination, as those files can never be restored again. Did You Know?
Open Recycle Bin
3. Select the Restore option.
4. The folder will be returned to its original location.
Good Practices While Using a Computer
Just like we practise good manners in our everyday life, we also have a few good practices when using a computer. Let us see what these are:
1. Always name and store your files and folders properly. This helps to keep the computer organized. This is especially important when many people share one computer.
2. Organise the files in labelled folders. This will help you locate a file quickly.
3. Be respectful of others’ files. Do not delete or change the files that belong to someone else without their permission.
4. Do not copy someone else’s file.
5. Do not share files that contain important information with anyone else.
Do It Yourself 3C
Explore More!
Scan the QR and learn how to name a file properly.
Write T for True and F for False.
1 We can delete a file by right clicking on it and then selecting Delete.
2 A deleted file can be recovered in the Recycle Bin.
3 A file recovered from the Recycle Bin will be sent to a random folder.
4 We can store all our files in any folder, including folders that do not belong to us.
Points to Remember
A file is a collection of information that is stored on a computer. Files can contain different types of data, such as texts, images, or videos.
A folder is a container that stores files and other folders. Folders can be used to organise files and make them easier to find. They act as holders where you can group similar files together.
A subfolder is a folder inside another folder.
Renaming a folder/file means changing its name.
Restoring a folder or file means getting it back from the Recycle Bin and getting them back to the previous location. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Duplicating files and folders means making an exact copy of a file or folder and pasting the copied file or folder into a different location of our choice.
When we want to move a folder or file on a computer, we can use the Cut and Paste command.
We usually place Shortcuts of a file on the desktop so that we can easily access the file.
Deleting a folder or file means removing it from your computer.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints information Recycle Bin containers Ctrl Cut
Folders are where we can store files.
Restoring a folder or file means getting them back from the
A file is a collection of stored on a computer.
To select multiple files or folders, press and hold the key while clicking on the items.
To move a folder or file, right-click on it and select the option.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
Double-clicking on the icon of a file or folder
a opens it
c deletes it
c folder which holds other folders d folder which cannot be renamed 1 2 3 4
b renames it
d selects it
Folders on the computer desktop help to .
a store information like text, images, and numbers
b group similar files together
c organise festival stuff d all of the above
Files are .
a digital containers of information
b digital documents that store information
c special locations for folders d containers which only hold letters
A subfolder is a
a folder inside another folder
b file inside another folder
C. Who Am I?
I help to keep files organised.
I can hold information like words, pictures, and numbers.
I am where you can find deleted items before they disappear forever.
I can move a file from one place to another.
Computers use digital files and folders for organisation.
Files on a computer cannot contain information like images or sound.
The ‘Cut and Paste’ command is used to move folders or files to new locations.
Files are removed from their original position when copied and pasted to another location.
E. Answer the Following.
Explain what files and folders are.
What is the difference between moving and duplicating a file?
F. Apply Your Learning.
Avni shares her computer with her brother, Nishant. Nishant has created a new folder. Avni wants to explore this folder. Should she explore it without asking Nishant first? Explain why.
Raj had drawn a beautiful picture of a cat on his computer. But this morning, while using the computer, he deleted it by mistake. How can he get that picture back?
Tanya has completed her maths homework and stored it in the ‘History’ folder instead of the ‘Maths’ folder. Is this a wise thing to do? Why/Why not?
Satish wants to create a new folder on the desktop to keep his drawings. What are the steps to create a new folder?
Rina is working on an important school project. She needs to create a duplicate version of her file to be safe. How can she make a copy of the file in another folder?
The Internet: A Window to the World
Imagine your cousin lives in a faraway city. It is his birthday and you want to wish him. You can video call him and give him your best wishes.
But how does a video call work?
The internet makes it possible! Our phone is connected to the internet which allows us to video call another person.
The term internet stands for “Interconnected Network”.
A network is a group of computers connected to each other.
The internet is a network of networks that connects computers and devices from all over the world. It allows people to share and collect information, and communicate with each other.
The Internet: How It All Began
The internet is a very important part of our lives today. But how did it all begin? Let us see the timeline to know more about it.
Discuss!
India has the second-largest internet user base in the world, with over 70 crore users. Did You Know?
Basic Requirements for an Internet Connection
We need a computer and an internet connection to start exploring the internet. To set up an internet connection, we need the following:
Modem
Modem stands for Modulator-Demodulator. It is a device that helps your computer connect to the internet. A modem converts digital signals into analog signals, and also analog signals into digital signals. But what are analog and digital signals? Let us find out. Think of a switch on the switchboard of your house. You can do only two things with the switch—turn it on or turn it off. That is what a digital signal is. The signal either comes in or does not come in.
Now think of the fan speed knob, or regulator, on the switchboard. It changes the speed at which the fan spins, instead of just switching it on or off. We can have the fan spin at the fastest speed, reduce it to a slower speed, then much slower, and finally switch it off. We can do more things with the regulator than the switch. That is how analog signal is.
An Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides you access to the internet.
Communication Media
Communication media helps us connect to the internet. Let us see some of their types.
1. DSL
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.
2. Cable
Cable wire is a type of communication media that uses the existing cable television wires to connect your computer to the internet.
3. Fibre
Fibre optic cable is a type of communication media that uses light rays to connect your computer to the internet. Fibre optic cables are much faster than copper or cable wires. In fibre cables, the data travels in the form of light. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. So, internet through fibre optic cables is often the fastest type of internet connection available.
Write T for True and F for False.
a An ISP is a company that provides you an internet connection.
b The modem is like a translator between your computer and the internet.
c The DSL is the fastest type of internet connection.
Basic Terminologies of Internet
Webpages
A webpage is a digital document on the internet. It can have text, images, videos, and other content.
Websites
A website is a collection of webpages that are all related to each other.
WWW (World Wide Web)
The WWW, or World Wide Web, is a huge source of information that can be accessed from anywhere in the world. It is a collection of websites with pages of information on the internet. You can use it to learn new things, stay connected with friends and family, and entertain yourself.
Web Browser
A web browser is a program that lets you see websites on the internet. To see a website, you need to type the website’s address into a web browser and press Enter. Examples of web browsers are Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Safari, Firefox, Opera, etc.
We can use a web browser to perform the following tasks:
Google Chrome
Google Chrome is a web browser made by Google. It is one of the most popular browsers in the world. It is fast and easy to use, and it has a lot of features, such as the ability to sync your bookmarks and browsing history across devices.
Opening Google Chrome
Steps to open Google Chrome:
1. Select Start.
2. Search for “Google Chrome”.
3. Click on the app icon to open it. When the Chrome web page opens, you will see that it has many parts. Here are the most important ones:
1. Address bar: This is where you type in the address of a website.
2. Back and forward buttons: These buttons allow you to go back or forward to the previous or the next page.
3. Refresh button: This button reloads the page if it’s not loading properly.
4. Tabs: Tabs allow us to open multiple websites at the same time. 2 3 1
5. Bookmarks: Bookmarks allow us to save websites to visit again later.
Other than the main options, we can find some additional options in Google Chrome. We can find these options if we click on the triple dot button in the top right-hand corner of the browser.
• Print: This option allows you to print the current webpage.
• Zoom: This option allows you to zoom in or out of the current webpage.
• History: This option allows you to see a list of all the websites you have visited recently.
Search Engines
Search engines help you find information on the internet. The internet has billions of websites. So you can find almost anything instantly.
Some examples of search engines are:
• is the most popular search engine in the world. It has a vast database of websites and can help you find almost anything you’re looking for.
• is the second most popular search engine in the world. It is owned by Microsoft and is often used as the default search engine on Windows computers.
• is a search engine that was created in 1994. It is one of the world’s oldest and most popular search engines.
Imagine you are going to your friend’s house for the first time. Your friend tells you his house address, which helps you find your friend’s house.
Similarly, when we want to open a website, we need a Uniform Resource Locator, or URL. It is like a website’s address. It tells your computer where the website is located on the internet. It is a unique address that identifies a website on the internet.
Net Surfing
Net surfing is visiting websites, watching videos, listening to music, and doing other things online.
To netsurf, you need a computer or a mobile device with an internet connection and a web browser. It is a way to find new things to learn about and have fun. What does the term ‘www’ stand for?
It Yourself 4B
The internet is a network of computers all over the world.
A modem is like a translator between our computer and the internet.
An ISP (Internet Service Provider) gives us access to the internet.
ISPs offer different types of connections, like DSL, cable, and fibre optic.
Google Chrome is a popular web browser.
Search engines help us find information on the internet.
A webpage is a digital document on the internet. It can have text, images, videos, and other content.
A website is a collection of webpages that are all related to each other.
Every website on the internet has a specific URL (Uniform Resource Locator). This is a unique address for a website and helps us find it on the internet.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks. Hints Uniform Resource Locator information websites ARPANET computers
The internet is a big network of all over the world.
The first network was called .
A web browser is a program that lets you see on the internet.
Search
help you find on the internet.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
What is the internet?
a A big library of information
c A place to find new things to learn about and have fun
What is a web browser?
a A program that lets you see websites on the internet
c A collection of web pages
b A way to connect computers all over the world
d All of the above
b A device used to connect to the internet
d None of these
What is net surfing?
a Browsing the internet to visit various websites
c Typing a document
b Connecting to a modem
d None of these
What is the purpose of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?
a To access websites on the internet
c To connect devices to the computer
What is the main function of a modem?
a To connect our computer to the internet and exchange information between the two
c To help us find an internet service provider
C. Who Am I?
b To connect to the internet service provider (ISP)
d To translate websites into other languages
b To help us type the URL of a website
d To help us secure our computer
I am the address of a website that you type into the address bar of your web browser.
I help you find information on the internet by showing you a list of websites related to your search.
I am a place on the internet where you can find information, play games, or buy things.
I am responsible for exchanging information between your computer and the internet.
I use your telephone lines to connect you to the internet.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
The internet is like a big library that contains information and data.
The internet started in the 1960s as a way for scientists to share information.
ARPANET was the first network created for connecting computers. An internet connection doesn’t require a modem or an internet service provider (ISP).
DSL is a type of internet connection that uses a telephone line to transmit data.
What is the internet?
Distinguish between analog and digital signal. Give examples of each.
What is a webpage?
What are the basic requirements for an internet connection? What are search engines used for?
Apply Your Learning.
How can Riya use the internet to send a birthday greeting to her friend who lives in a different city? What does she need?
Abeer lives in a remote village where no modern cables are available. Which type of internet connection can he look for?
Rohan is confused about the difference between a webpage and a website. Can you help him?
Lovey wants to search for some information on the internet using a search engine. Can you suggest the names of some popular search engines that she can use?
Internet of Things
In the previous chapter, we learnt that the internet refers to “Interconnected Network”. It is a network through which our computer can communicate with computers across the world.
Similarly, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices that can all be connected over the internet and, can work with one another.
Imagine a futuristic home that operates on IoT. This home has uninterrupted internet and all devices are connected to it!
There is a camera on the front that secures your home. When you come home, the camera identifies your face and opens the door automatically for you.
The camera also informs all the devices that you are home. The air conditioner knows that you prefer your room cool. So it turns itself on for you and sets the temperature accordingly!
Discuss!
What do you think we would need to have such an IoT-based home?
If you have come home in the evening, the lights turn themselves on. Your TV knows that your favourite show is on, so it asks you if you want to watch it.
This is how IoT works.
Features of IoT
Now that we know how IoT works, let us list its main features, one by one, in the given table.
Feature Meaning Purpose
Connectivity
Connecting devices together
Analysing Observing our usage
Automation
Safety and Security
Scalability
Making things happen on their own
Keeping things safe
Handling more or less devices, as needed
IoT connects devices to the internet, letting them share information with each other.
IoT observes how we use our devices so that it can keep helping us.
IoT can make devices do things automatically based on your likes and dislikes.
IoT helps you keep your devices and data safe.
IoT can handle as many devices as you need. You can add more devices to it or remove them if you don’t need them anymore.
IoT-enabled Devices
Nowadays, there are so many devices that can be connected to the internet, like watches, speakers, TVs, refrigerators, cameras, fans, ACs and so on. But are these all IoT devices? Not necessarily!
Any device that can be connected to the internet does not necessarily mean that it can be connected to an IoT-based home.
Devices that can be connected to the internet and can communicate with other devices in the network are called IoT-enabled devices.
Applications of IoT
Let us now see real-life applications of IoT.
IoT in Agriculture
In agriculture, water is crucial! You need just the right amount. If you water too little, the crop fails. The crop can also fail if you over-water the field.
Explore More!
Sensors are small electronic devices that can “feel” and sense things like temperature, light, movement, moisture and so on. In this case, we use sensors that can sense the moisture in the soil. These sensors tell the watering device how much water to release to the crop and when.
This IoT increases the farmer’s produce.
IoT
in Medicine
Do you want to know more about IoT in Agriculture and how it helps farmers? Lets see here!
In distant areas, hospitals are sometimes too far away from people. But, patients who have been unwell for longer periods of time need care and monitoring of their health.
IoT helps such patients.
Nowadays, we have watch-like devices that monitor a patient’s heart beats, body temperature, blood pressure and so on. The device keeps collecting the data and creates a report on the doctor’s screen. So, the doctor need not physically visit the distant place to examine the patient.
Think and Tell
Which are the connected devices that are communicating in this case?
If the device finds that the patient is really unwell, it could even report to the hospital to send an ambulance.
Fill in the blanks.
a IoT is a network of that can be connected through the internet and can with one another.
b Devices in an IoT our usage and can then perform tasks to help us.
c We can or the number of devices connected in IoT per our preferences.
Write T for True and F for False.
a All devices that can be connected on the internet are IoT enabled devices.
b Small electronic devices that can sense temperature, light or movement are called sensors.
c IoTs are contributing to advances in agriculture and healthcare.
Smart Devices
Devices that can be connected to the internet and have many advanced features are called Smart Devices. Let us understand this concept of ‘smartness’ through the following examples.
Smart Speakers
A smart speaker can do many things that a regular speaker cannot! A smart speaker can:
1. Listen to what you say and reply.
2. Play your favourite music anytime you want.
3. Answer your questions.
4. Set timers to help you remember things.
5. Control other smart devices, as you ask.
Explore More!
Ever heard of Alexa? See how Smart Speakers work with it!
Smartwatches
Amazon Echo, the first smart speaker, was launched on November 6, 2014. Did You Know?
A smartwatch is a watch that not only tells the time but can do many other things such as:
1. Count the number of steps when you walk or run.
2. Check your heartbeat.
3. Answer calls and show messages.
4. Show you weather updates.
5. Play music.
6. Remind you of important things.
Smart TVs
A smart TV can:
1. Be connected to the internet, just like our smartphone or computer.
2. Be switched on/off, be asked to play channels, record, etc. using our smartphone.
3. Put on our favourite shows and films, both online and on cable.
4. Download and play our favourite games from the app store.
5. Be used like a monitor. We can also watch pictures and videos stored in the phone or computer on the TV.
Smart Refrigerators
A smart refrigerator is a high-tech refrigerator that can:
1. Auto-adjust the temperature by sensing the temperature outside.
2. Keep a record of your food list, and it will give you a reminder when you’re running low on your favourite food item.
3. Give you recipes and cooking tips.
4. Take pictures of the food inside to see what’s in it without opening it.
5. Remind you about the food that is about to expire.
Smart Cars
A smart car is a car with amazing features, like:
1. Voice control through which we can make it do things for us like playing music, adjusting the temperature and opening or close windows.
2. Smart sensing, that allows it to stay in a lane keeping a safe distance from other vehicles.
3. Finding the best route and staying away from traffic.
4. Connecting our smartphone with it and making hands-free calls.
5. Parking itself smoothly in the parking space.
6. Locking or unlocking the car doors automatically.
Smart Light Bulbs
A smart light bulb looks like a normal bulb but it has many interesting features. We can:
1. Control a smart light bulb using our smartphone or a smart speaker.
2. Adjust its brightness based on the brightness of the surroundings.
3. Change light colour to any colour you want.
4. Set the light on and off schedule.
5. Save energy as they use power smartly.
Explore
Which of the following is true about Smart Devices?
a They can be connected to the internet
c They can be connected to an IoT
b They have advanced technological features
d All of the above
What can a smart speaker do that a normal speaker cannot?
a Play loud music
c Hear our instructions and play the music that we want to hear
b Work on a battery that is rechargeable
d Connect to a computer by wire
What can a smartwatch do that a normal watch cannot?
a Tell the time
c Tell your heartbeat
What can a smart TV do that a normal TV cannot?
a Play videos
c Play channels
b Tell the date
d Work on a battery.
b Play movies
d Be able to pause a playing video using a mobile phone
What can a smart refrigerator do that a normal refrigerator cannot?
a Keep the food cold
c Automatically adjust the freezer’s temperature per the temperature outside
What can a smart car do that a normal car cannot?
a Consume fuel while running
b Make ice
d Run on electricity
b On a trip, suggest a route with less traffic
IoT is a network of devices that can all be connected over the internet and can work with one another.
An IoT requires devices that can connect to the internet. These connected devices should be able to communicate with one another.
IoT is a new technology that is growing fast. We find its application in new fields every day!
Devices that can connect to the internet and have many advanced features are called Smart devices. Smart speakers, smart watches, smart TVs, smart refrigerators, smart cars, and smart light bulbs are all examples of smart devices.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints communicate light bulbs connected electronic sensing feature
Smart can be turned off using a mobile phone.
IoT-enabled devices are those that can be to the internet and can with other IoT enabled devices.
A smart car is a car that stays in a lane at a safe distance from other vehicles with its Sensors are small devices that can “feel” light, heat, sound and movement in their surroundings.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
What does IoT stand for?
a Internet of Things
c Internet of Technology
What is one of the main features of IoT?
a Connectivity
c Automation
b Impact of Things
d Impact of Technology
b Analysing
d All of the above
What can we do with the brightness control feature of smart bulbs?
a Change colours
c Play music
How can you control IoT devices?
a Using switches
c Using a TV
C. Who Am I?
b Make it dim or bright
d Set the light on or off schedule
b Using a smartphone or smart speaker
d Using a key
I can be connected to the internet and can communicate with other devices like me in the network.
I am an electronic device. I can feel the temperature around me and pass the message on to the devices connected to me.
You ride on me. You can talk to me and ask me the fastest route to your destination.
I count your steps when you walk or run, check your heartbeat, answer calls, and show messages.
Just tell me what you want to hear?—your favourite song, or a poem perhaps? I am connected to the internet, I can tell you everything.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
A smart speaker cannot play music or answer questions.
Smart refrigerators keep track of your food list and remind you when you are running low on your favourite food item.
Smart cars can listen to your voice commands and play your favourite songs.
All smart devices are also IoT devices.
E. Answer the Following.
F. Apply Your Learning.
Suresh’s office security is IoT enabled. He stands in front of a camera that recognizes his face. The security door then automatically opens. His attendence is also automatically marked. He walks to his office and turns the light on and starts working. Which devices mentioned here are IoT enabled?
Amit goes to the grocery store. He cannot remember if he has enough milk at home or not. What do you think can help him check that?
Mr Kapoor has a smart car and driver. Mr Kapoor suddenly gets a message on his phone that his car is overspeeding. How do you think this happened?
Understanding Stepwise Thinking
Imagine that guests are coming to visit you. Your mother tells you to clean your room. How will you clean it? What steps will you follow to solve this problem? Look at the solution given here:
1. First, see what is making the room look untidy.
a. The clothes are scattered on the bed.
b. The shoes and toys are on the floor.
c. The table is disorganised and dusty.
2. Fix each of these problems one by one.
3. Clean the bed first. Sort your clothes, fold them and put them in the almirah.
4. Then, pick up your shoes and toys from the floor. Put them in the right place.
5. Lastly, tidy your table and organise it. Your room is clean now!
Did you notice that we just solved a problem step by step? When we try to find a solution to a problem, it is known as problem solving.
We often solve problems using stepwise thinking. Stepwise thinking means to think step by step to complete a task or solve a problem.
We can solve many day-to-day problems by just thinking in steps as we did in the example above. Let us understand how we solve a problem in a stepwise manner.
Step 1: We identify the problem.
Step 2: We break the problem down into smaller parts.
Step 3: We solve each part of the problem separately.
We identified the problem. We broke the problem down into smaller parts.
The clothes were on the bed.
The room was untidy.
The toys and shoes were on the floor.
The table was untidy and disorganised.
We solved each part of the problem separately.
Folded clothes and put them in the almirah
Put the toys back in their place
Tidied the table
Suppose you are asked, “Why did you work so hard? You could have just stuffed the clothes in the almirah and locked it. Nobody would have noticed.”
What do you think your answer could be? It could be like this:
“If I had just stuffed my clothes in the almirah, it would be hard to find my clothes. Also, the almirah would be untidy.”
What you just did was reasoning. You thought about the real problems that you could face if you had stuffed your almirah with your clothes untidily.
These real problems were your ‘facts’. And you decided that it was better if you fold your clothes neatly and put them tidily in the almirah.
The act of thinking about the facts to make a decision is called reasoning.
While thinking stepwise, reasoning helps us to think about a task in a better way and understand more clearly if the solution we have thought of is correct or not. Reasoning helps us make better choices and come up with better solutions.
Learn with Examples
Imagine you want to go on a picnic. Look at how it can be planned using stepwise thinking.
We identify the problem.
We break the problem down.
Who will come?
When and where?
What will we eat?
Plan a picnic.
What will we do/play?
What will we wear?
How will we get there?
We solve each part of the problem separately.
Make a list of people.
Choose the picnic spot and time.
Make a list of food items that we could get for the picnic.
Make a list of the activities.
Choose the clothes we would like to wear to the picnic.
Make a list of ways we could travel to the picnic spot.
Steps
Step 1: Who will come?
Think and Tell
Can you think of some other steps that can be included in this example?
First, think about and decide on the people who you would like to go with on a picnic. If you would like to invite your friends, write down the list of friends with whom you would like to go on a picnic.
Step 2: When and where?
Then, choose a picnic spot and time. You can write down a list of places like a park, at a beach, or a place in the countryside. Also, discuss with your friends or family and write down a list of dates when all of you are free for a picnic.
Step 3: What will you eat?
Make a list of items that you want to eat at the picnic. They could be simple-to-make food, like sandwiches. You could also make a list of items that you can buy and take with you, like crisps, cold drinks, paper plates, reusable spoons, dustbin bags, and a mat that you can sit on.
Step 4: What will you do?
Then, make a list of games like ludo, carrom, badminton, or frisbee. Also make a list of fun activities that you can do together, like guessing-games, singing, and charades.
Step 5: What will you wear?
Think about and decide on the kind of clothes you can wear to the picnic. If it is a summer day, choose light, airy, cotton clothes. If it is a winter afternoon, choose warmer clothes.
Step 6: How will you go?
Make a list of how you can go to the place you want to picnic, like taking your own car, or hiring a car, or travelling in a bus.
Think and Tell
Can you think of some other step that can be included in this case study?
Things to Do on a Picnic
Finding the Lost Watch
Imagine you lost your favourite watch at school. What will you do? Let us use stepwise thinking to solve this problem.
We identify the problem. We break the problem down. We solve each part of the problem separately.
Where did you lose your watch?
When did you lose your watch?
Think about where you were at your school when you last had your watch on your hand.
Find the lost watch.
Who can you ask?
How do you inform everyone at school?
Think of the last time you saw your watch. In which period was it or at what time was it?
Make a list of people at school whom you can ask about your watch.
Put up a notice on the school’s and your class’s notice board.
What do you do when you find it?
Thank the person who helped you find it.
Can you think of some other step that can be included in this example? Think and Tell
Steps
Step 1: Where did you lose your watch?
Think about where you could have lost your watch. Could it be during lunch break when you were playing in the field? Or, could it be at the washroom, where you may have taken it off? Did you take it off at your desk?
Step 2: When did you lose your watch?
Think about the last time you remember seeing your watch on your wrist or around you. Was it during the last period? Was it before lunch break?
Step 3: Who can you ask?
Write down a list of people at school whom you can ask about your watch. They can be your friends; the student you sit beside; your teachers; your school’s janitor, caretaker, and guard; and the person who is in charge of the lost-and-found box.
Step 4: How do you inform everyone at school?
Make two notices about your lost watch. Describe your watch. Give other important information like your name, class and section so that anyone who finds it can contact you. Put them up on your school’s and class’s notice board.
Step 5: What do you do when you find it?
Finally, when you find your watch, thank the person who returns it. Make a promise to yourself to be more careful in future.
Stepwise thinking means to think step by step to complete a task or solve a problem.
The act of thinking in order to make a decision is known as reasoning.
Stepwise thinking and reasoning help us solve problems. They also help us to pick the right solution.
Problem solving means to find a solution to a problem.
detail.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
B. Write T for True and F for False.
We cannot solve a problem using steps.
Reasoning means solving a problem step by step.
The first step in problem solving is to find the solution.
C. Number the Steps in the Correct Order.
Prisha is washing her hands before eating dinner.
Close the tap
Open the tap again
Wash her hands
Close the tap again
Open the tap
Apply soap
Rinse hands again
Wipe hands with a towel
Miku is brushing his teeth. Number the activities in the correct order.
Rinse the brush a little
Brush teeth
Take brush from the shelf
Open the tap
Open the tap again
Rinse mouth
Close the tap Apply toothpaste on brush
Clean the brush and close the tap
D. Apply Your Learning.
You have to make a cucumber and tomato sandwich for your mother. Write the steps to make the sandwich.
How will you organize a birthday party for your grandmother? Show all the steps.
You want to make a birthday card for your elder brother. In how many steps will you make the card? Will there be any step that can be further broken down into smaller steps?
Introduction to Word Processor
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is our country’s own space exploration organisation. It has launched three rockets to the Moon with machines to explore its surface, namely, the Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
Now, imagine that you need to write a paragraph about taking a rocket to the Moon.
To write your paragraph on a computer, you will need a word processor.
A word processor is software used to type and edit text.
There are many word processors. Microsoft Word and Google Docs are the two of the most popular ones.
Google Docs is a free online word processor. It is easy to use and lets you work together with friends. It has some interesting features, like:
• getting to see all the changes that your friends make online; and
• opening the document without losing your text as it gets saved automatically online. Let us learn more about it!
Creating a Document
To begin using Google Docs, we first need to learn how to make a new Google document.
Follow these steps to create a Google document:
1. Go to the Google Docs website: https://docs.google.com
2. To choose Blank, click on the plus (+) button.
3. A new document will open.
Components of a Google Document
The main components of a Google document are:
Document Title
This is where the name of your document will appear.
Toolbar
This section gives you quick access to some tools.
Working Area
This is the space where you can type and edit text.
Adding
Text 3 4 1 2
This bar has tabs with various features.
We have created a Google document.
Before we start typing anything in it, let us find some information about your project. We will do this by finding answers on the internet to these questions.
Q1. What is Space Exploration?
Q2. What is ISRO?
Q3. Name the three missions that ISRO has sent to the Moon.
Q4. Which is ISRO’s latest Moon exploration mission?
Q5. When was this mission launched?
Q6. When it comes to the Moon missions, what has been ISRO’s best achievement so far?
Menu Bar
Let us type our answers in the document we created. Steps to add text in a Google document:
1. Click on the white space on the document, where you want to write your answers. The blinking line that appears is called the cursor.
Google Docs was originally called “Writely” and was launched in 2005. Did You Know?
2. Start typing!
Google Docs has a feature called autosave. This means it saves your work by itself, so you don’t have to do it.
Formatting Text
Now that we have added our text, do you think we can make it look more organised and easier to read? Yes, we can, by formatting the text. But what is formatting?
Let us find out!
Formatting text refers to the process of changing the appearance and layout of a written document or piece of text to make it more visually appealing, organised, and easier to read and understand.
Here are some ways in which we can format our text:
1. Font: This tool changes the style of the letters in our selected text. It is like different handwriting but in a digital file. You can change the font of your text by doing this:
a. Select the text.
b. Click on the Font option. It will open a drop-down menu.
c. Select the type of font you would like from the drop-down menu.
Your selected text will look like what is shown in the image.
2. Bold: This tool makes the selected parts of the text look thicker and darker. You can make your texts bold by doing this:
a. Selecting the text.
b. Clicking on the B icon on the toolbar.
Your selected text will look like the way it is shown in the image.
3. Italic: This tool makes the selected parts of the text look thinner and leaning towards the right side. You can make your texts italic by doing this:
a. Selecting the text.
b. Clicking on the I icon on the toolbar.
Your selected text will look like it does in the image.
4. Text color: This tool helps you to change the colour of the selected text. You can change the colour of your texts by doing this:
a. Selecting the text.
b. Clicking on the icon on the toolbar.
c. Selecting the new colour for your text from the drop-down colour grid. Your selected text will change into the colour you have chosen in the grid.
What do you think happens to the text when you format it with all the tools we learnt about? See the image below.
Paint Format
Think and Tell
Would you ever make the title of your paragraph bold? Why or why not?
What if we want to apply the same formatting to more texts in the document?
We could repeat the steps, one by one, all over again. Or, we format it in a quicker way. The Paint Format tool helps us copy the formatting from one piece of text and apply it to another text.
Follow the steps to use the Paint format tool:
1. Select the formatted text or place the cursor in between the formatted text.
2. Click on the Paint format tool. Try to notice how your cursor changes to show the Paint format icon.
3. Drag the cursor over the text to which you want to apply the formatting.
4. Leave the cursor and the formatting will be applied.
users.
Adding Superscript and Subscript
Superscript
Superscript is a formatting style where the text or number is made smaller and raised above the regular text line.
Let us apply this formatting to a text. Open your document and type: “14th April 2023, the date when Chandrayaan-3 was launched.”
We know that dates are written as ordinal numbers. Let us use superscript to write this correctly.
1. Select the text “th” that you want as superscript.
2. Click on the Format menu and select Text.
3. Within the Text sub-menu, click on Superscript.
So, your sentence would now look like: “14th April 2023, the date when Chandrayaan-3 was launched.”
Subscript
Subscript is a formatting style where the text or number is made smaller and lowered below the regular text line.
Subscripts are usually used in science and mathematics related texts. For example, the “2” in H₂O is a subscript. Let us try to write the sentence, “The chemical formula of water is H2O.” with 2 in subscript.
Steps to add subscript:
1. Select the text that you want to make subscript.
2. Click on the Format menu and select Text.
3. Within the Text sub-menu, select Subscript.
So, your sentence would now look like this: “The chemical formula of water is H2O” 2 3
Which of the following can you do on Google Docs?
a Type a text
c Watch a movie
Fill in the blanks.
b Listen to songs
d Play games
a is a free online software. All our work gets automatically saved.
b We change the colour and style of our . This changes the way our typed text looks.
c A text that is looks thicker than normal text.
d With the tool we can apply a text format to the whole of the text.
e format makes the text smaller and raised. While format makes the text smaller and lowered.
Adding Header and Footer
The header is the text that appears at the top of every page in a document. The footer is the text that appears at the bottom of every page in a document.
Let’s add a header and footer to our document to improve its organisation. We will add the word “Project” as the header and page numbers as the footer.
Project
Moon Space Explorations by INDIA
India has been exploring space for many years. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has sent many missions to the moon, including Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
Chandrayaan-3 is the latest mission to the moon. It will send a lander and rover to the lunar surface. The lander will place the rover on the ground, and the rover will explore the surface of the moon.
The lander and rover are very small. The lander is only about the size of a car, and the rover is only about the size of a microwave oven. But they are packed with scientific instruments that will help us to learn more about the moon.
The lander and rover will land in the south polar region of the moon. This is a region where there is a lot of ice. The scientists hope to find out more about the ice in this region.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission is very exciting. It will help us to learn more about the moon and its environment.
Page 1 Header Footer
Steps to add a header or footer:
1. Click on the Insert menu.
2. Go to Headers & footers
3. Select the Header or Footer option.
4. Type the texts that you want as the Header and Footer on every page. Once you have entered them, they will appear as Headers and Footers on every page.
Think and Tell
What information can you include in headers and footers?
Inserting Page Break
A page break is an instruction to the computer that tells it where to start a new page, when writing or printing.
Steps to insert a page break:
1. Click where you want the page break to appear.
2. Click on the Insert menu and select Break.
3. Select the Page break.
4. A page break will be inserted at the current cursor location within the document.
Inserting Line Break
Just as page break is an instruction to start a new page, Line Break is an instruction to start a new line.
Steps to insert a line break:
1. Click where you want the line break to appear.
2. Press Enter.
Have you ever noticed how a newspaper is set up? Newspapers use a column format. Some of the benefits of using a column format are:
1. Easy reading: Columns break up text into smaller sections, making it easier to read.
2. Organised look: Information is neatly divided, making the page look tidy.
3. Space saving: Paper is precious. More text can fit into a page if we have columns.
Steps to use the column format in your document:
1. Open the document that you want to set in column format.
2. Click on the Format menu and select Columns.
3. Select the number of columns that you want to insert.
4. After that, this is what our document would look like.
Moon Space Explorations by INDIA
India has been exploring space for many years. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has sent many missions to the moon, including Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
Chandrayaan-3 is the latest mission to the moon. It will send a lander and rover to the lunar surface. The lander will place the rover on the ground, and the rover will explore the surface of the moon.
The lander and rover are very small. The lander is only about the size of a car, and the rover is only about the size of a microwave oven. But they are packed with scientific instruments that will help us to learn more about the moon.
The lander and rover will land in the south polar region of the moon. This is a region where there is a lot of ice. The scientists hope to find out more about the ice in this region.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission is very exciting. It will help us to learn more about the moon and its environment.
Changing Page Margins, Orientation and Paper Size
Page Margins
Page margins are the spaces around the edges of your paper where you don’t type.
The wider the margins, the lesser the typing space we have.
Top Margin
Project
Left Margin
Moon Space Explorations by INDIA
India has been exploring space for many years. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has sent many missions to the moon, including Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
Chandrayaan-3 is the latest mission to the moon. It will send a lander and rover to the lunar surface. The lander will place the rover on the ground, and the rover will explore the surface of the moon. The lander and rover are very small. The lander is only about the size of a car, and the rover is only about the size of a microwave oven. But they are packed with scientific instruments that will help us to learn more about the moon.
The lander and rover will land in the south polar region of the moon. This is a region where there is a lot of ice. The scientists hope to find out more about the ice in this region.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission is very exciting. It will help us to learn more about the moon and its environment.
Bottom Margin
1
Right Margin
Steps to change page margins:
1. Click on File and then select Page setup.
2. In the Page setup dialog box, in the Margins section, enter the numbers for the Top, Bottom, Left, and Right margins.
3. Click on OK to save the changes. The margins of your page will now be what you have changed it to.
Page Orientation
Page orientation is about choosing if you want your paper to be longer or wider when you type on it.
Steps to change page orientation:
1. Click on File and then select Page setup.
2. In the Page setup dialog box, in the Orientation section, select the Portrait or Landscape option.
3. Click on OK to save the changes. Your page orientation will change, as shown in the image.
Remember that your text will move from where it originally was once you change the margins. You can always change the margin values back again.
Setting Paper Size
Paper Size
Paper size refers to the size of the paper on which we are going to take a printout.
Setting the paper size correctly helps us use the right paper size while printing the document. If there is a mismatch, the printouts will have texts arranged incorrectly or have portions of it cut out.
Steps to set paper size:
1. Click on File and select Page setup.
2. Click on the box below Paper size and choose the size you want to use.
3. Click on OK to save your changes.
Some of the page size categories are:
Tabloid1117Used for magazines and newspapers
Executive7.2510.5Used for summaries and presentations
A4 8.2711.69Most common paper size in many parts of the world
Click on OK after selecting the right page size.
Indentation
Indentation refers to the process of adjusting the horizontal positioning of text within a document. We use indentation to change alignment of text relative to the left or right margins. This is commonly used to emphasise on certain parts of your document.
Imagine this is what our document looks like. If you had to indent the first part of the paragraph, how would you do it?
1. Select the text that you want to indent.
2. Click on the Format menu.
3. Select Align and indent option.
4. Select the Indentation option. A window opens. All the values are right now set to 0.
5. Let us set the left indent value to 1 and click on OK. This is the result of Indentation. Notice how the paragraph has shifted from the left-hand side.
Fill in the blanks.
1 The is used to show the title of the document at the top. The is used at the bottom of the page to show notes.
2 is used to tell the computer to move on to the next page.
3 We press Enter and the cursor makes a break.
4 To fit more text into one page, we may choose to write in more than one
5 are used to control the empty space at the sides of the page.
6 There are two possible orientations of the page. is when we want more width. is when we want more length.
7 When we give a page for printing the becomes important to get the printing done correctly.
8 moves a paragraph from the left or the right.
Points to Remember
Google Docs is a free online word processor used for typing and editing documents. To create a new document, go to docs.google.com, click the + button, and choose Google Docs.
Paint Format lets you copy styles from one heading to another with a click.
Superscript raises text or numbers above the regular line, For example, the “rd” in 3rd.
Subscript lowers text or numbers below the regular line, For example, “2” in H2O.
Add headers at the top and footers at the bottom of each page using the Insert menu.
Page breaks are used to tell the computer that we need to move to a new page in the document. Line breaks can start a new line without creating a new paragraph by pressing Enter.
Create multiple columns by going to the Format menu and selecting Columns.
Adjust page margins under File > Page setup to control the spaces around the edges.
Change page orientation between portrait and landscape in the page setup dialog.
Set the paper size in the page setup menu to control the document size.
We indent text to make it neater and more readable using the Format menu.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
To start a new document, you need to click on the button.
Superscript is a formatting style where the text or number is made smaller and above the regular text line.
The header is the text that appears at the of every page in a document.
To change the page margins in Google Docs, you need to click on and then select Page Setup.
The software that helps you type and edit text in documents is called a .
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
What is the use of indentation in a document?
a To add structure to the document
c To create a header and footer
What is a header in a document?
a The text at the top of every page
c A type of font style
How do you add superscript to text in Google Docs?
b To change the paper size
d To add pictures to the document
b The text at the bottom of every page
d The title of the document
a Select the text and click on Superscript in the Format menu
b Use the Bold feature in the Format menu
c Choose the text and click on Underline in the Edit menu
d Superscript cannot be added in Google Docs
How can you change the page margins in Google Docs?
a Click on the File menu and select Page Margins
b Click on the Format menu and choose Margins
c Page margins cannot be changed in Google Docs
d Click on the Page setup option in the File menu
Which menu allows you to add a page break in Google Docs?
a File menu
c Insert menu
C. Who Am I?
b Edit menu
d Format menu
I am a free online software that allows you to create and edit documents.
I am a tool that lets you copy the formatting style from one section of the document and apply it to another section.
I am a feature that allows you to move the text to the right-hand side of the page, making it look neater and easier to read.
I am a setting that allows you to choose whether your paper should be longer or wider when you type on it.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
Headers appear at the right of every page in a document.
Line Break is used to start a new line.
Indentation always moves the text to the left side of the page.
Paint format in Google Docs allows you to copy and apply formatting to other parts of your document with just one click.
Page margins can be adjusted in the Page setup dialog box.
E. Answer the following.
What is superscript used for in documents?
What is page orientation, and how do you change it?
How do you insert a line break in Google Docs?
What is Paint Format used for in Google Docs?
are page margins, and how do you change them?
F. Apply Your Learning.
Aman wants to add his name and roll number to his paragraph in such a way that it appears on every page of the document. What should Aman do?
Simran thinks that her document is too long and wants to shorten it. How can she do that using margins and columns?
Rahul, who loves to write poems, wants to make the poem look neat. He wants to break his poem down into different paragraphs. What should Rahul do?
Rohit wants his document wider. He feels that his page is too long and not wide enough. What can he do?
Working with Shapes
In the last chapter, we created a project in Google Docs about India’s moon exploration. But it is just text right now. What if we add some shapes in it to make it more interesting?
Shapes are the outlines of things we see around us. Shapes can be flat or have depth. Flat shapes are called 2D shapes. They only have length and width, but no depth. Examples of 2D shapes are circles, squares, and triangles.
Shapes with depth are called 3D shapes. Examples of 3D shapes are spheres, cubes, and cones.
Let us use shapes to make a Chandrayaan-3 model for our project.
Inserting Shapes
To make a Chandrayaan-3 model, we first need to learn to insert a shape in a Google document. Follow these steps to insert a shape:
Did You Know?
The name “Google” is a play on the word “googol,” which is a mathematical term for the number 1 followed by 100 zeros.
1. Place the cursor where you want to insert the shape in the document.
2. Click on the Insert menu.
3. Choose +New from the Drawing option. A new drawing window will open.
4. Click on the Shape icon.
5. Choose a shape of your choice from the Shapes option.
6. Draw the shape.
7. Go to the Fill color tool and select the colour of your choice.
8. Change the border thickness using the Border weight tool.
9. Repeat the steps to make the Chandrayaan rocket as shown in the image below. Click on the Save and Close button.
10. The rocket will appear in your document.
Inserting Images
An image or a picture is a visual representation. It can be a drawing, painting, or photograph. Images are used to show people, objects, places, or ideas in a visual way.
Google Docs allow users to add images from different sources. Let us find out how. Steps to insert an image in Google Docs: From Your Computer
To insert an image from your computer in Google Docs, follow the steps given below:
1. Click on the Insert menu.
2. Go to the Image option.
3. Select the Upload from computer option.
4. The Choose file to upload window opens up.
5. Select the image you want to upload.
6. Click on the Open button.
From the Web
To insert an image from your computer in Google Docs, follow the steps given below:
1. Click on the Insert.
2. Go to the Image option.
3. Select Search the web option.
4. In the search box, type “moon” and select the image you like.
5. Click on the Insert button.
6. The image will be added to the document.
Inserting Clipart
We can add clipart to our project to make it more interesting and colourful. A clipart is a computer-made image which is available on the internet. Clipart can be of anything—animals, people, objects, or even scenes.
Let us add a clipart of an astronaut and add it to our project. Follow these steps to insert clipart:
1. Place the cursor where you want to insert the clipart in the document.
2. Click on the Insert menu.
3. Go to Image and choose Search the web option.
4. In the search box, type “astronaut clipart” and select the picture of your choice.
5. Click on the Insert button.
6. The clipart will be added to your document.
Cropping Images
What if you want to keep only the top part of the astronaut clipart that you have used?
You can easily remove the part you don’t want by using a tool called Crop. The crop tool is specifically designed to remove unwanted parts of an image. This process is known as cropping.
Let us learn how to crop the clipart. These are the steps.
1. Select the astronaut clipart.
2. Click the Crop tool.
3. Grey lines will appear. Trim the image, as needed, by adjusting the grey lines on the border of the image.
The largest Google Doc ever created was over 100,000 pages long. Did You Know?
4. When you’re done adjusting the grey lines, press Enter on your keyboard or click anywhere else in your file.
The project will look like as shown below:
Discuss!
What is the difference between an image and a shape?
1 Tick () the correct option.
a Which icon is used to crop the image?
b Which icon is helpful to insert a shape? Do It Yourself 8A
Write T for True and F for False.
a Flat shapes have length, width and depth.
b We cannot change the colour of a shape in a Google Doc.
c Clipart are drawings that the computer already has.
d Images saved on the computer or available on the net can be put in a Doc.
e Cropping is the same as colouring an image.
Text Wrapping
How do we wrap a gift? We start with a piece of paper that is bigger than the gift. Then, we fold the paper around the gift to wrap it. This creates a border around the gift.
Text wrapping is similar, but instead of wrapping paper around the gift, it involves wrapping the text around an image.
Explore More!
Google Docs has over 100 shapes that you can use to add visuals to your documents.
The default text wrapping style for a shape or an image is the Inline with text in which text and image come in the same line as they are added.
Let us have a look at the text wrapping styles in Google Docs.
StyleIcon
Inline with text
Wrap text
Break text
Behind text
In front of text
Purpose
The image is treated as part of the text and flows with the text around it.
The text wraps around the image, but there is space left around the image.
The text is pushed away from the image, creating a space on its left and right sides.
The image is positioned at a specific spot on the page, and the text does not wrap around it but appears over it.
The image is positioned at a specific spot on the page, and the text does not wrap around it but behind it.
Now, let us change the text wrapping style of the Chandrayaan-3 model in the document by following these steps:
1. Select the Chandrayaan-3 image.
2. The text-wrapping style icons will appear at the bottom left-hand corner of the image.
3. Choose and click on the style of your choice to apply to the image.
Inserting Watermark
A watermark is like a stamp that you put on a card or notebook. However, it appears behind the text and the images, not over them. Watermarks can be words, logos, or even pictures.
It is usually see-through and doesn’t hide the main text, but you can still see it in the background.
Explore More!
You can also add shadows and outlines to your shapes to make them stand out. Find out more about them here!
Adding a Picture as Watermark
Let us add the ISRO logo as a watermark in the Google document. Follow these steps to add the watermark:
1. Click on the Insert menu.
2. Click on the Watermark.
3. The Watermark window pane will appear on the right.
4. Click on Select Image option. It will open the Insert Watermark window.
5. Click on the Browse button to upload the desired image.
6. Choose and click on the Upload button to add the desired image as the watermark to your document.
Can watermarks be images only or can it also be a text? Think and Tell
Find and Replace
Find means to look for a piece of text or a word and discover where it is. Replace means to take out the old text and add a new text instead.
Steps to find and replace words in Google Docs:
1. Open your Google Docs.
2. Click on Edit in the top menu.
3. Select Find and replace.
4. In the Find box, enter the word you want to find.
5. In the Replace with box, enter the word you want to replace it with.
6. Click Next to locate the first instance of the word.
7. If you want to replace all instances of the word, click Replace all.
Discuss!
Imagine a real-life situation where you might find the “Find and Replace” feature in Google Docs really handy.
Points to Remember
Inserting Shapes:
Click Insert Drawing Choose a shape.
Inserting Clipart:
Click Insert Image Search the web Select Clipart Click Insert.
Inserting Images:
From Computer: Click Insert Image Upload from computer.
From the Web: Click Insert Image Search the web.
Cropping Images:
Select image Click Crop Adjust lines Press Enter or click outside.
Text Wrapping:
Choose how text wraps around a shape or an image:
• Inline with text: Flows with text.
• Wrap text: Leaves space around the image.
• Break text: Pushes text away from the image.
• Behind text: Image appears behind the text.
• In front of the text: An image appears in front of the text.
Picture Watermark:
Click Insert Watermark Select Image Upload Click Upload.
Find means discovering a word’s location. Replace means putting a new word in place of the old one.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
To insert a shape, go to the Insert menu and choose New from the option.
Text wrapping involves arranging the around a shape or an image within a document.
A picture watermark is a special mark that is put in the of a document.
To cut off unwanted parts from an image, use the tool.
”Find” means to for a word in the text and discover where it is.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
What is clipart used for in Google Docs?
a To find information
c To decorate the document with pre-made drawings
How can you crop an image in Google Docs?
a Click on Format Crop
c Click on Insert Crop
What is text wrapping?
a Adjusting the text size
c Changing the font of the text
b To create shapes
d To search the web
b Click on Edit Crop
d Click on the image Click on Crop tool
b Adjusting the text around an image
d Adding watermarks to text
What is a picture watermark used for in a document?
a To add colours to the text
c To show ownership of the document
C. Who Am I?
I can cut off the unwanted parts of an image.
I can help you adjust the text flow around images.
I can help you stamp your document.
b To delete unwanted images
d To change the font of the text
I can help you find and replace words in a Google document.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
A picture watermark is a special mark in the background of a document.
‘Inline with the text’ is a text-wrapping style where the text and image are the same.
Cropping an image means adding a border around it.
You can choose a shape from the Drawing option.
The Insert menu in Google Docs allows you to add pictures, but not shapes or clipart.
E. Answer the Following.
How can you add a picture watermark to a Google document?
What are the different text-wrapping styles in a Google document?
What does cropping an image mean?
What is Clipart? How is it different from an image or a shape?
How does the Replace tool work?
F. Apply Your Learning.
Richa is using Google Docs for her art project. She wants to add colourful shapes to make it look amazing. How can Richa do this?
Aman is writing a story in Google Docs. He used the word “happy” a lot, but now he wants to use “joyful” instead. What should he do to change it in all places?
Sonam is creating a special birthday card in Google Docs. She wants to add cute pictures like balloons and cakes. How can Sonam add these pictures to her card?
Simran took pictures of different shapes during her family vacation. Now, she wants to make an album to show to her friends. How can Simran create the shape album using Google Docs?
Ritu is writing a book of poems and wants to make each page look beautiful. She wishes to add a picture in the background. How can she do this using Google Docs?
Introduction to Presentations Presentation
You previously learnt about working on documents. What if you want to share the same information in a more presentable and interesting way?
A presentation is a tool to create, showcase and share information in an interactive, interesting, and visually appealing way. A presentation can have slides to share information in a specific order. A slide can have text, images, videos, and sound to help us explain a topic.
Uses of a Presentation
We can use presentations to:
1. Share information with others on any topic in an interactive way.
2. Add visuals such as images and videos to make it easy to talk about our ideas.
3. Stay organised and present ideas in a better way.
4. Visualise and present data easily with charts and diagrams for better understanding.
Places Where Presentations Are Used
Presentations can be used in:
1 3 2 4
Think and Tell
Where else can we use presentations?
Creating a Presentation
Let us make a presentation on the topic ‘Satellite—The Spacecraft’. We will use Google Slides to make the presentation.
Google Slides is an online presentation tool that lets you create and share exciting projects.
Using Google Slides, you can easily add images, text, sound, and make your text move and change colours. You can even work online with friends. You don’t need to be on the same computer!
Whatever you do on Google Slides, is automatically saved.
The first satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Did You Know?
Explore More!
Google Slides have Noto support for many languages. Find out more about it here!
Components of Google Slides Window
The main components of Google Slides are:
1. Rename box: Shows the name of the file that contains the presentation. By default, it is Untitled Presentation. You can rename it as per your choice.
2. Menu bar: Holds various menus like ‘File’, ‘Edit’, ‘View’, etc. Each menu offers different options.
3. Toolbar: Holds tools for quick and easy access.
4. Slide workspace: The area in your slide where you add items such as text, images, and videos.
5. Slides panel: The space where you can see thumbnails of all the slides of your presentation.
6. Speaker notes: The area where you can add notes for yourself or the presenter. It helps us to remember important things during the presentation.
7. Slideshow button: Turns the slides into the presenter mode.
Naming a Presentation
Before we start adding things to our presentation, let us learn how to name it. These are the steps:
1. Click on Rename box. Type the new name for your file.
2. Press the Enter key and the file will be automatically saved.
Adding Title
Now that we have named our file, let us add a title to our presentation. Follow the given steps:
1. Click on the Slide Workspace.
2. Type “Satellite—The Spacecraft”.
Working with Text Boxes
In case we want to add more text, we can add our own text boxes to add text on a slide.
Adding Text
Steps to add text with a Text box on a slide:
1. Click on the Insert tab.
2. Click on the Text box option from the drop-down menu.
3. Move the mouse cursor on the screen to the slide where you want to add the text box, then press the left button on the mouse.
4. Type “YOUR NAME”.
Moving Text Box
Now, let us learn to change the position of the text box after adding text in it.
Steps to move the text box on a slide:
1. Select the text box you want to move.
2. Once the four-headed arrow appears, press the left mouse button and hold it.
3. Move the mouse to drag the text box to where you want it to be.
We use presentations to:
a Share information interactively
c Include data and images
b Share information in an organized way
d All of the above
What is the first step in creating a slide after you name it?
a Add Title
c Add Text box
b Go to Google Slides
d Click on the + Blank option
What can be used to add a main idea or topic to a slide in Google Slides?
a Notes
c Image
b Presentation Title
d Chart
What is the correct way to move a text box to a new position on a slide?
a Drag and drop the text box to the new location
c Select
b Double click on the text box
Adding a New Slide
Now that we have created our title, we need to have more slides to add the text of our project. Let us learn how to add more slides to our presentation.
Steps to add more slides:
1. Right-click in the slide panel.
2. A menu will appear. Select the New slide option. A new slide will appear below your current slide.
Working with Shapes
We have added a new slide. Now, let us learn to insert shapes on a slide to create our satellite.
Inserting a Shape
Steps to insert a shape on a slide:
1. Click on the Insert tab in the menu bar.
2. Select the Shape option from the drop-down menu. Then, select the Shapes option.
3. Click on the shape you want. It will appear on your slide. Repeat these steps to draw this image on your slide.
Moving a Shape
After adding a shape on our slide, we can move it to a different place on the slide in the same way we moved our text box.
Steps to move a shape in presentation:
1. Select the shape you want to move and hold the left mouse button.
2. Drag and drop the shape to where you want it, on the slide. The shape will be at the new position.
1
Image 2
Image
Resizing a Shape
Let us learn to resize a shape to make our satellite a little bigger.
Steps to resize a shape in presentation:
1. Left click anywhere on the Slide Workspace and drag to select all parts of the satellite.
2. Once the entire shape is selected, a blue margin with dots will appear. This means that all parts of the Satellite have been selected.
3. Move the mouse to drag it to make it larger or smaller.
Colouring a Shape
Our satellite is ready for colouring. Let us learn to add colour to a shape.
Steps to add colour to a shape in presentation:
1. Select the part of the shape that you want to colour. Let us select the left fin first. We will colour it yellow.
2. Click on the Fill color tool on the toolbar and select the colour of your choice, here we are using yellow.
3. Upon selecting the yellow colour, the left fin will now be yellow.
4. Repeat the process to colour the other parts of the satellite.
Tick () the correct option.
How can you add a new slide to your Google Slides presentation?
a Right-click on the slide and select “Add Slide”
b Press the Delete key to create a new slide
c Right-click in the slide panel and choose + New Slide option
d Use the Format menu and choose Add Slide
Which option allows you to insert a shape onto a slide in Google Slides?
a Go to “Insert” “Shape”
b Right-click on the slide and choose “Insert Shape”
c Drag and drop a shape from your computer onto the slide
d Press the “Shift” key and click on the slide to create a shape
Working with Images
We can add and edit images in a presentation as we need to. Let us now add an image of the Earth on the slide.
Adding an Image
Steps to add an image in presentation:
1. Click on the Insert tab at the menu bar.
2. Go to Image menu in the Insert drop-down.
3. Select the “Upload from computer” option.
4. A selection window opens. You can then select the image that you want to put on the slide.
Resizing an Image
Let us make the image of the Earth a little bigger.
Steps to resize an image in presentation:
1. Click the image to select it.
2. Blue square at the corner of the image will appear.
3. Press the left mouse button on a blue square and drag it to make it bigger.
Cropping an Image
Say we want to remove some part of the image. How can we do that? We can use the Crop tool. Let us learn how to do this.
Steps to crop an image in presentation:
1. Click on the image to select it.
2. Select the Crop tool that appears in the tools bar when the image is selected.
3. Black lines will appear on corners and edges.
4. Drag from black lines to crop the image.
Duplicating a Slide
Let us learn to make a copy of a slide.
Steps to duplicate slides in the presentation:
1. Select the slide you want to duplicate from the Slides Panel.
2. Right-click on the slide, and then select the Duplicate slide option.
Deleting a Slide
We can delete a slide if it’s not needed anymore in the presentation.
Steps to delete slides:
1. Select the slide you want to delete.
2. Right-click on the slide.
3. Select the Delete option.
Presenting a Slide
After completing your presentation, a few of your slides may look like as the slides given below:
It is time to showcase your work to your teacher and classmates. Let us learn how to present a slide.
Steps to show a presentation:
1. Click on the View tab.
2. Click on Slideshow.
OR
Click on the Slideshow button in the top right-hand corner. 2
Opening a Presentation
You may need to look at the presentation again. Let us learn how to re-open a file.
Steps to open a presentation:
1. Open Google Slides.
2. Click on the “Recent Presentations” tab.
3. Select the file that you want to open.
Do It Yourself 9C
Fill in the Blanks.
1 We can insert an image into our slide by clicking on button on the toolbar.
2 an image means that we are making it smaller or larger.
3 If part of the image is not needed we it.
4 If we need a new slide that is an exact copy of the previous slide, we it.
5 A slide that is not needed can be .
Points to Remember
Google Slides is a presentation tool that lets you create and share exciting projects. You can easily add images, words, and other elements, and even make them move and change colours.
File Title Box shows the name of the file of the presentation.
Slide Workspace is the area where you add items such as text, images and videos for a slide.
Toolbar is the bar that holds tools for quick and easy access.
You can add shapes and images on to the slide.
You can change the colour and size of shapes.
You can also resize and crop images.
You can delete and duplicate slides per the requirements of the presentation.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints presentation move toolbar automatically
A is a tool to create, showcase and share information in an interactive way.
We can an image around by dragging it on the workspace. is the component of Google Slides.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
What are presentations best used for?
a Playing games
c Solving maths problems easily
Which of the following is not a part of a presentation?
b Sharing information with others
d Writing paragraphs
a Slides b Words
c Videos d Paint
How do you add a new slide to your presentation?
a By clicking on the + button on toolbar
c By selecting a slide
b By clicking the “Add Slide” button
d By clicking on slideshow
What menu option allows you to add an image to your slide in Google Slides?
a Insert b Paint
c Present d Undo
C. Who Am I?
I help you create presentations online with images and words. You use me when you want to use only a portion of an image. With me you make your shapes and images smaller or bigger. You can use me to put colours in the shapes. I only appear on the toolbar when a shape is selected.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
File, edit, insert, view, and arrange are known as Title bars.
Google Slides helps us to present projects.
In Google Slides you cannot add images.
You can open your existing file from the recent presentations.
Answer the Following.
What do you do to add images to your Google Slides?
What are the steps for duplicating a Slide?
What is the way to add a text-box in Google slides?
What are Google Slides used for?
What is the method to add shapes in
F. Apply Your Learning.
Slides?
Shikha wants to add an image to the slide with the text. How can she do that?
Rahul wants to open slides again to add more shapes. How would he add shapes to his slide?
Mohan is confused between Resizing and Cropping. Help him understand these two tools.
Shubham wants to add one more slide in Google Slides. How would he do that?
Jyoti wants to change the colour of shapes on her Google Slides. How would she do that?
Introduction to AI
As humans, we are able to think, learn, observe, and decide. We can solve problems by analysing situations, we can make decisions, we can learn new skills, and we can express our thoughts, feelings, and ideas. This makes us intelligent beings. This intelligence that we have is something that we have received from nature. Therefore, this is our natural intelligence.
Just like us, a machine can also have ‘intelligence’. But this intelligence is not natural but man-made. We have made machines that can understand input data, analyse that data and create outputs based on the inputs that we have given. This is called Artificial Intelligence or simply AI.
AI is created by humans using coding. Coding is like giving a machine instructions so that it knows what to do. The goal is to make the machine think like humans.
Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans.
Today, we are surrounded by many examples of machines with AI. A voice assistant is an example of an AI application. Alexa from Amazon and Siri from Apple are the most common AI voice assistants.
A voice assistant can take inputs by listening to your voice commands. When you ask them a question, they respond. For example, if you say “Alexa, play the poem Itsy Bitsy Spider!”.
Alexa will start playing it.
Let us see more examples of AI.
1. Chatbots
The word Chatbot is made from two words—chat, which means to talk, and bot from the word ‘robot’. So, when you give voice or text commands to a Chatbot, it responds to you as if it is talking to you, like a human would. ChatGPT and BARD are popular chatbots.
2. Self-driving Cars
Smart cars have AI and can move without a person driving them. That is why they are also called self-driving cars. The machine takes control of the driving. It ‘sees’ the road and the traffic around it and navigates the vehicle accordingly.
Did You Know?
According to a 2022 survey, there is a 50% chance of us achieving human-level AI by 2060. It is possible that by 2060, most cars on the road might be self-driven!
Creative AI
One of our natural intelligence abilities is to be creative. Similarly, Creative AI refers to the capability of AI to be able to create things like art, stories, animated films, game design, music and much more. Let us find out how creative AI can be.
Art with AI
Some AI applications can help us make art. We just describe what kind of art we are looking for and the AI generates an image.
Animations with AI
Discuss!
What aspects of natural intelligence do you think machines will never be able to copy?
Explore More!
Use this tool to create drawings using your descriptions.
Some AI applications can help us make animations. We can upload our handmade drawings and the AI animates them for us. These applications use AI to identify and locate different parts of our drawing.
Explore More!
Use this tool to create animations from drawings.
Films with AI
We all watch films with a lot of interest.
Companies such as Disney, Warner Bros, Sony Pictures, and Netflix that make animated films use AI applications.
These companies use AI in their animation process which includes story development, character animation, scene creation, facial expression, etc.
Points to Remember
Humans are intelligent beings. They can think, learn, observe, and decide.
Machines can be intelligent but this intelligence is man-made.
Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans.
Alexa and Siri are examples of AI voice assistants. They can help with tasks using voice commands.
Creative AI means machines can create art, stories, music, and more.
Many companies use AI to make animated films such as Disney and Sony pictures.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
AI stands for
Natural Intelligence is the ability that humans have.
Voice Assistants can help carry out tasks using commands.
Humans use to create AI.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to machines that can do things that usually need
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
Read the situations and identify the type of intelligence used.
1. A baby elephant follows its mother wherever she goes.
2. A computer used a hand-drawn image and animated it.
3. Sheena asked Alexa to play “Itsy Bitsy”. Alexa started playing it.
4. Riya learned about the solar system in school. She can now name all the planets.
5. A car that does not require a driver to move around.
Test Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 5)
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 Things around us that perform specific tasks are called . 2 is a type of operating system.
3 A folder within a folder is called a .
4 A website is a collection of that are all related to each other.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 1024 MB is equal to .
a 1 KB
c 1 GB
b 1 MB
d 1 TB
2 The is a type of communication media that uses your telephone line to transmit data.
a DSL
c Fibre
b Cable
d None of these
3 a file means removing it from your computer.
a Deleting
c Restoring
b Renaming
d Duplicating
4 The feature of IoT can make devices do things automatically based on your likes and dislikes.
a Connectivity
c Scalability
C. Write T for True and F for False.
b Automation
d Security
1 RAM stores information about the programs that are actively running.
2 The OS helps you to organise files and folders in a proper way.
3 A smart refrigerator auto-adjust the temperature by sensing the temperature outside.
4 Google Chrome is a web browser made by Microsoft.
D. Answer the following questions.
1 What is cloud storage?
2 What is operating system?
3 What does restoring a file or folder mean?
4 What are search engines? Give examples.
E. Apply your learning.
1 Kiara wants to change the position of the taskbar on her screen. How can she move the taskbar to the right of the screen?
2 Nikhil wants to create a new folder on the desktop to keep his personal documents. What are the steps to create a new folder?
Test Paper 2 (Based on Chapters 6 to 10)
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 A is an application program used to type and edit text.
2 In style, the text is pushed away from the image, creating a space on its left and right sides.
3 The act of thinking about the facts to make a decision is called .
4 and are examples of AI voice assistants.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 The tool helps you to change the colour of the selected text.
a Font
b Bold
c Italics d Text color
2 The tool is specifically designed to remove unwanted parts of an image.
a Crop b Fill color
c Text d Font
3 a slide means creating an exact copy of an existing slide in your presentation.
a Deleting b Duplicating
c Presenting d Closing
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Line breaks can start a new line without creating a new paragraph by pressing Enter.
2 Slides panel is the space where you can see thumbnails of all the slides of your presentation.
3 ChatGPT and BARD are popular chatbots.
4 In Google Slides you cannot add images.
D. Answer the following questions.
1 What do you mean by formatting a text?
2 Write the steps for naming a presentation.
3 What do you mean by stepwise thinking?
4 What is creative AI?
E. Apply your learning.
1 Atishay wants to type the chemical formula for carbon dioxide (CO2) in his document. What formatting option should he use for the number “2” to display it as shown?
2 Sakshi wants to resize an image on her Google Slides. How would she do that?
About the Book
This book embodies the principles outlined in the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It unveils the world of computer science through a unique and captivating pedagogical approach— seamlessly integrating curriculum content into the mesmerising adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional figures hailing from the enchanting world of Avora. Our aim is to prepare learners for the dynamic and technology-driven landscape of the 21st century, equipping them with the essential skills they need to thrive in an ever-evolving world.
Special Features
• Explore More: QR codes to explore an exciting application of the concept.
• Discuss: Questions to trigger engaging group discussions in the classroom.
• Think and Tell: Probing questions to stimulate thinking at an individual level.
• Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of a concept.
• Do It Yourself: Milestone exercises to practice specific concepts.
• Chapter Checkup: A pool of questions catering to all topics and skills covered in the chapter.
• Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills.
About Uolo
Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.
ISBN 978-81-981317-5-1
