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Book Title: Tekie ICSE Computer Science 6
ISBN: 978-81-981442-3-2
Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited
Corporate Office Address:
85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003
CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986
Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com
All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.
Preface
Standing at the forefront of the digital and AI revolution, the importance of coding and computational skills has reached unprecedented heights. In today’s professional landscape, whether it is in the fields of medicine, space exploration, education, science, or business, no sector remains untouched by this transformative wave. To thrive in the 21st century, basic computer literacy is no longer sufficient. Learners must evolve into ‘digital natives’ who can fluently read, write, and communicate in the languages that machines and AI comprehend.
Recognising this imperative, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum. Moreover, forward-looking subjects like AI, Data Science, Computer Applications, and IT have been introduced as elective subjects from grade 9 onwards. It wouldn’t be surprising if further transformative measures are taken even at the elementary education level.
Uolo has introduced an innovative 360-degree program for a coding-focused computer science curriculum, known as Tekie, spanning grades 1 to 8. Tekie is a significant stride towards STEM education that aims at making learners future-ready—enabling them with skills needed in the ever-changing, technology-driven, and dynamic 21st-century world.
Tekie adopts a captivating and engaging approach to learning, in line with the recommendations of the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2023 and NEP 2020. The curriculum is ingeniously woven into the thrilling adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional characters from the enchanting land of Avora. The Mel and Conji series epitomises a modern method of acquiring computer science knowledge and honing computational thinking skills. The program includes chapters that provide a deeper immersion in computer science that both learners and teachers may find interesting.
Tekie is a technology-empowered curriculum that encompasses the following components:
• Main Content Books: These introduce learners to the theory of computer science and computer tools. Topics in AI are also covered, along with experiential and project-based learning resources.
• Coding Books: Specifically designed to nurture coding skills, this booklet aligns with the experiential and contextual learning approach of the coding curriculum, fostering critical thinking and problemsolving abilities.
• Animated Learning Videos: The program is powered by high-quality animation-based learning videos that deliver learning in an engaging manner.
• Teacher Manual: This valuable resource supports classroom instruction, ensuring that educators effectively deliver the curriculum.
Welcome to the captivating realm of Tekie! We hope you relish this educational journey as it equips you with the tools you need to thrive in the exciting and ever-changing world of the 21st century.
Product Package at a Glance
Tekie is an interactive, engaging, and experiential computer science program. It enables learners to attain mastery in computer science theory, new-age computer tools and coding. These are delivered through a storytelling-based coursebook and an experiential learningoriented coding book.
The learning experience is augmented by a digital platform that gives learners access to learning videos and experiential activities and projects that are rooted in the curriculum.
PRINT
Engaging Textbooks
Comic Stories
Teacher Manual
ASSESSMENT
Test Papers
Additional Projects
Test-paper Generator
DIGITAL
Student and Teacher Platform
Learning Videos
Interactive Classroom and Homework Assignments
Byte-size Lesson Modules
Key NEP Recommendations
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduced by the Government of India, represents a transformative shift in the country’s education system. It aims to create a more holistic, dynamic and multidisciplinary approach to education. The NEP highlights the need for early development of computational thinking, coding, and digital literacy as vital skills for students’ holistic growth. UOLO is fully committed to actualising the vision of NEP 2020 by meticulously adhering to its outlined recommendations.
1. Focus on conceptual understanding
2. 21st century skills, values, and dispositions
3. Computational and critical thinking
4. Application in real life
5. Holistic and integrated learning
6. Experiential learning
7. Enjoyable and engaging
8. Artificial intelligence and coding concepts
9. Digital literacy and emerging technologies
10. Factoids on India
Competency-based Education
NEP Pages 12, 17 and 22
Teaching and Learning Pedagogy
NEP Pages 3, 5, 11, 12 and 56
National Pride
NEP Pages 15, 16 and 43
11. Assessment of core concepts and application skills Assessments
NEP Pages 12, 18 and 22
NEP Compliance: Features of Our Book
Project-based Learning
Engaging hands-on projects encouraging practical application of computer science and coding
Story-based Approach
Enchanting tales that bring learning themes to life, making education a captivating adventure 5 7
Latest Computer Tools
Equipping the students with future-ready skills through exposure to the latest tools and technologies
Fun with AI
Engaging chapters to deepen students’ understanding and engagement with AI concepts
Competency-based Assessments
Test papers designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills 3 4 11
Experiential Digital Projects
Projects on the digital platform to deepen understanding and develop essential practical skills
Collaborative Learning
Invites learners to discuss in small groups and present different perspectives
Engaging Learning Videos
Story-style learning videos that deliver concepts to students.
HOTS
Intellectually stimulating questions designed to encourage deep, analytical, critical, and evaluative thought process
Interactive Quizzes
Interactive quizzes that reinforce learning and assess students’ understanding
7 9
Think It Through
Probing question related to the concept that arouses curiosity
Test-paper Generator
Tool to create customised assessments that align with the curriculum and help evaluate students’ progress effectively.
Enjoyable and engaging
Artificial intelligence and coding concepts 9 Digital literacy and emerging technologies
Factoids on India 11 Assessment of core concepts and application skills
Mapping of Tools and Technologies Across Grades
The curriculum is thoughtfully mapped to introduce tools and technologies at each grade level, ensuring a smooth and progressive learning experience for students. Beginning with basic concepts in junior grades, the curriculum gradually incorporates more advanced tools and concepts in higher grades. This structured approach enables students to build on their knowledge each year, equipping them with essential skills in computer science and technology as they progress from grade 1 through grade 8. By the time they reach the higher grades, students are well-equipped to tackle complex projects, think critically, and apply their skills in real-world scenarios. The curriculum not only fosters technical proficiency but also encourages creativity, problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of the digital world.
Chapter at a Glance: Walkthrough of Key Elements
Advantages of a Computer
Theme Page: Lists the chapters covered under a unit
A computer can do many things for us. Some advantages of computers are:
Comic Story: To introduce key concepts in a fun way
It can store a large amount of data like pictures, music, videos, and games.
Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question related to the concept that arouses curiosity
Did You Know: Interesting facts related to the topic
4
Disadvantages of a Computer
Computers are very useful but they also have some disadvantages. Some of them are:
b
c
Places Where Computers Are Used
Places Where Computers Are Used
Explore More: Short videos to find out more about the topic
Project-based
an engaging and interactive learning experience
Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy
Apply Your Learning: Intellectually stimulating questions designed for higher-order thinking and analysis
Answer
Following.
Points to Remember: Summary of the chapter
Artificial Intelligence: Chapters on Artificial Intelligence to explore the fundamentals of AI, including its principles and applications in various fields
Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills
A. Fill in the blanks.
Test Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 3)
1 Things that are present in nature are called things.
2 Some machines need to work.
3 Computers are used in to keep information of patients.
4 At restaurants, computers are used to order and pay for B. Tick () the correct answer.
1 Which of the following is a human-made thing? a Mountains
Introduction to Avora
Places in Avora
Meet the Characters
•
• Organising
• Moving and Copying Files and Folders
• Sorting Files and Folders
• Searching Files and Folders
• Understanding File Formats
• Working with Multiple Applications
• What
• Popular Services on the
• Potential Threats of Using the Internet
• Netiquette
• Creating a Table
• Entering Data in a Table
• Editing a Table
• Formatting a Table
• Mail
• Main Document
• Datasource
• Inserting Merge Fields
• Viewing Merge Fields
• Printing Letters
• Applying Animation Effects
• Applying Transitions
• Inserting Multimedia
• Advanced Features of Google Slides
• Viewing a Presentation
• Introduction to Canva
• Adding Shapes and Graphics
•
• Artificial
• Natural Intelligence vs Artificial Intelligence
• Introduction to Computer Vision
• Augmented Reality
• Virtual Reality
* This chapter is not a part of the prescribed ICSE curriculum. It has been added after consideration of the latest trends in the computer science field. Teaching this chapter or including it in the assessment process is entirely at the discretion of the school and the subject teacher.
Computer Languages
Have you ever thought about how you communicate with your friends or family using words and sentences? Just like we have languages for humans, computers also have their own languages to understand and follow instructions. These languages are called computer languages.
A computer language can be defined as a set of instructions that computers can understand and follow.
A computer language is a special language that is in the form of codes and symbols. There are five categories of computer languages based on their development stages. They are called generations.
Let us learn about these five generations of computer languages.
First-generation Languages
First-generation language is also called machine language or low-level language. This language is dependent on machines. As you know, the computer is an electronic device. So, it understands the language of electric signals that are symbolised as 0s and 1s, known as binary code. The language that includes the use of binary codes is called binary language.
Advantages of First-generation Language
1. Quick and effective since statements are directly written in a binary language.
2. No translator is necessary.
Disadvantages of First-generation Language
1. Binary codes are difficult to learn.
2. It is very difficult to find and fix errors in programs written in machine language.
Second-generation Languages
Second-generation language is also called Assembly Language. It is also a low-level language. This language uses a simple mnemonic code instead of binary numbers to communicate with computers. For example, ADD for addition, SUB for subtraction, MUL for multiplication, and so on.
When compared to programs created in machine language, the programs created in assembly language are simpler to create, understand, and modify.
Advantages of Second-generation Language
1. When compared to machine language, it is simpler to understand.
2. Changes are easy to make.
3. Errors are easy to locate and correct.
Disadvantages of Second-generation Language
1. An assembler is required.
2. The instruction set for this language varies according to the architecture and hardware.
3. You can perform only a limited number of operations using this language.
Third-generation Languages
Third-generation languages are called high-level languages. These languages resemble English conversation more closely. The programs written in these languages can be developed in very little time as compared to the first- and second-generation languages. The examples include FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, Java, C#, etc.
Advantages of Third-generation Languages
1. The use of English-like words makes the language easy for others to understand.
2. It requires fewer lines of code than the first- and second-generation languages.
3. By using a compiler specific to that language, the same code can be moved to another system and run on it.
Disadvantages of Third-generation Languages
1. You need a compiler and interpreter to execute a program.
2. Different computers require different compilers.
Fourth-generation Languages
Fourth-generation languages are called non-procedural languages. They are very high-level languages. They enable users to access the database. These languages are easy for people to understand. The fourthgeneration of programming languages was created with the goal of reducing the time, expense, and effort required for creating various software applications. The examples include SQL, Python, FoxPro, and Focus.
Advantages of Fourth-generation Languages
1. These languages are simple to understand and learn.
2. The creation of applications takes less time.
3. The chances of introducing errors in the programs are very low.
Disadvantages of Fourth-generation Languages
1. The programs written in fourth-generation languages occupy more space in memory.
2. They have weak hardware control.
3. They are not very flexible.
Fifth-generation Languages
Fifth-generation languages are used for creating programs for Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks are the two main industries using the fifth-generation of computer languages. The examples include Prolog, Mercury, LISP, etc.
Advantages of Fifth-generation Languages
1. Fifth-generation languages focus on the logic of the problems rather than the implementation.
2. They often allow programming in a more natural language like syntax.
3. 5GLs require less code to accomplish tasks.
4. These languages are well-suited for AI and expert system development, where rule-based and symbolic reasoning is essential.
Disadvantages of Fifth-generation Languages
1. 5GLs are often specialised and may not be suitable for all types of programming tasks.
2. 5GLs can be complex to learn.
3. Depending on the implementation, 5GLs may not always offer the same level of performance.
Did You Know?
Computer languages are based on predefined rules, known as syntax, as human languages are based on words and grammar.
Translator Programs
A translator program for computer languages is similar to a unique tool that enables the computer to understand user requests. It converts instructions written in a computer language into something the machine can understand, much like translating a foreign language into your native language. It is like translating so that speakers of different languages can communicate with one another! There are three main types of translator programs:
Compiler
A compiler is a language processor that reads the source programs written in high-level language and converts them into an equivalent program written in machine code in one go.
If there are any errors, it immediately informs the programmer about them.
Explore More!
To know how translator programs work, scan this QR code.
High-level Language Compiler Machine Language
Interpreter
Interpreter is a translator program that converts high-level language code to machine language line by line as the program runs.
High-level Language
Assembler
Interpreter Machine Language
A translator, called an assembler, is used to convert assembly language code into machine language code.
Assembly Language Assembler Machine Language
Do It Yourself 1A
1 Fill in the blanks.
a A program that converts assembly language into machine language is called .
b languages require less code to accomplish tasks.
2 Write T for True and F for False.
a A compiler translates the source code written in high-level language into machine language in one go.
b A computer is an intelligent machine, so it does not require a translator.
Categories of Computers
A computer is an electronic device. You must have seen the different types of computers, like a desktop, a laptop, or a tablet. There are many more types of computers that are categorised according to their shape, size, and functionality. Let us learn about them one by one.
Supercomputers
Supercomputers are super-fast and large computers. They have huge storage space. They can do lots of tasks very quickly, like a billion tasks in just one second! These computers are different from regular personal computers. Supercomputers are used for special jobs, like science research, medicine, simulations, and weather predictions. A special unit called FLOPS, Floating-point Operations Per Second, is used to measure how fast they work.
Examples: Summit, Fugaku, Sierra, Sunway TaihuLight, Tianhe-2A, etc.
Advantages of Supercomputers
1. They have huge storage capacity.
2. They work very fast.
3. Many people can use them at the same time.
Disadvantages of Supercomputers
1. They are costly.
2. They use a lot of power.
3. They need experts to take care of them.
Explore More!
Want to explore the fascinating world of supercomputers? Scan this QR code.
Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers are also big and super-fast, but smaller than supercomputers. They can do lots of jobs quickly. They are used in places where high precision is required, such as in banks to handle money transactions or in aeroplane guidance. Mainframes are super reliable, and they can work for a long time—at least 10 years. Mainframes can also get bigger if needed by adding more parts, like processors and memory.
Examples: IBM z15, IBM z14, Unisys ClearPath Libra, Fujitsu GS21 360, and Hitachi VOS3.
Advantages of Mainframe Computers
1. They are very reliable.
2. Their functionality can be extended by adding more parts.
3. They are super safe and used for high-precision tasks.
4. They are quite reliable.
Disadvantages of Mainframe Computers
1. They cost a lot, so mostly big organisations use them.
2. They need a lot of power and specialised cooling to stay cool.
3. Using and fixing them is tricky and needs special knowledge.
Minicomputers
Minicomputers are smaller than mainframes but still offer significant computing power. They are used in scientific research, industrial control systems, and as servers for midsized organisations. Minicomputers have a large memory storage capacity due to their large number of processors. They can run multiple operating systems simultaneously.
Example: IBM System/3, DEC PDP-11, Data General Nova, HP 3000, and Wang VS.
Advantages of Minicomputers
1. Minicomputers are known for their high performance and reliability.
2. Their functionality can be extended by adding more processors.
3. Due to their large number of processors, minicomputers have extensive memory storage capacity.
4. They can do multiple tasks at the same time.
Disadvantages of Minicomputers
1. Due their cost, only large organisations use them.
2. They require lots of power and cooling to stay cool.
3. They need specialists to fix and use them.
Workstations
Workstations are high-performance computers used for specialised tasks like professional photo and video editing, 3D design, scientific modelling, and software development. They have powerful hardware and are often used by professionals in technical fields. They are mostly used by a single user.
Examples: Dell Precision Mobile Workstations, HP ZBook Studio Workstation, etc.
Advantages of Workstations
1. Workstations are much faster than regular laptops and can handle tough tasks.
2. Workstations can store huge amounts of data, making them suitable for big projects.
3. They are great at making complex graphics.
4. They keep important data safe, making them ideal for banks and large organisations.
Disadvantages of Workstations
1. Workstations are expensive to buy and maintain, so only big organisations and important places like banks use them.
2. They are not portable because they are big and need to stay plugged in.
Personal Computers (PCs)
PCs are the most common type of computer and are designed for individual use. They include desktop computers and laptops. PCs are used for a wide range of tasks, including word processing, internet browsing, gaming, and more.
Advantages of Personal Computers
1. They are used for communicating with friends and family through emails, chat, videos, and more.
2. They can help you search for anything on the internet.
3. They are great for playing games, watching shows or movies, drawing pictures, editing videos, and writing in digital diaries.
4. They can do tasks very quickly due to their very high-speed processors.
5. PCs have a huge storage capacity to store pictures, videos, presentations, and documents.
Disadvantages of Personal Computers
1. Using personal computers for a long duration can have physical health effects, like poor eye-sight, pain in the hands and neck, etc.
2. They are prone to security breaches if not protected.
3. They can experience hardware or software issues that can affect their performance.
Think and Tell
Tablets and Smartphones
These portable devices combine computing capabilities with touchscreens. They are also meant for individual use. They are used for various purposes, such as communication, entertainment, and productivity.
Advantages of Tablets and Smartphones
1. You can carry tablets and smartphones anywhere you want.
2. Their touchscreens are user-friendly and intuitive.
3. They serve as phones, cameras, music players, and more.
4. App stores offer a wide variety of applications.
5. They provide Wi-Fi, cellular data, and Bluetooth connections.
Disadvantages of Tablets and Smartphones
1. They have limited battery life, requiring frequent charging.
2. They have small screens, which may not be suitable for all tasks.
3. They can lead to reduced productivity and social interaction.
4. High-end devices and data plans can be expensive.
Did You Know?
5. They are susceptible to security risks like malware and data breaches. The term “software” was first used by John W. Tukey in 1958.
Match the type of computer with its features.
Type
of Computer Feature
Tablet and smartphones
Supercomputer
Mainframe computer
Minicomputer
Smaller than mainframes
Need a lot of power and specialised cooling to stay cool
Can be carried anywhere
Performance is measured in FLOPS
Points to Remember Chapter Checkup
1 A computer language can be defined as a set of instructions that computers can understand and follow.
2 A computer language is a special language that is in the form of codes and symbols.
3 There are five categories of computer languages based in their development stages. These are called generations.
4 Computers can be categorised into supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, personal computers, tablets, and smartphones based on their size and functionality.
5 Supercomputers are super-fast and very big computers with huge storage space.
6 Mainframe computers are also big and super-fast, but smaller than supercomputers.
7 Minicomputers are smaller than mainframes but still offer significant computing power.
8 Workstations are high-performance computers used for specialised tasks like professional photo and video editing, 3D design, scientific modelling, and software development.
9 PCs are the most common type of computer and are designed for individual use.
10 Tablets and smartphones are portable devices that combine computing capabilities with touchscreens.
A. Fill in the Blanks.
1 A special unit called is used to measure how fast supercomputers work.
2 computers are super reliable, and they can work for a long time—at least 10 years.
3 computers are the most common type of computer and are designed for individual use.
4 The language that includes the use of binary codes is called language.
5 The assembly language uses simple code instead of binary numbers to communicate with the computers.
B.
1 A computer language can be defined as a The language that computers speak.
b A way in which computers understand instructions.
c A way of computer-to-computer communication.
d A way of communication between different types of machines.
2 Which computer language is used for giving low-level commands to a computer?
a Binary
c Emoji
b Spanish
d English
3 A can convert a source code into binary code line-by-line.
a Assembler
c Compiler
4 LISP is a language.
a High-level
c Assembly
b Interpreter
d Processor
b Low-level
d Fifth-generation
5 generation languages enable users to access the database.
a First-generation
c Third-generation
C. Who Am I?
b Second-generation
d Fourth-generation
1 I am a second-generation of programming language, which uses special code symbols like ADD and SUB.
2 I use 0s and 1s in binary code to give instructions to the computer.
3 I am a program that helps computers understand various languages.
4 I am a computer that is used for creating 3D designs.
5 I am a computer that is portable and can be taken from one place to another.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Many people can use the supercomputers at the same time.
2 Mainframe computers are bigger than supercomputers.
3 Minicomputers are small, so they cannot run multiple operating systems simultaneously.
4 Workstations have touch-enabled screens.
5 Fourth-generation languages are called procedural languages.
E. Answer the Following.
1 What is a computer language?
2 Name the categories of computers based on their size and functionality
3 Write the features of mainframe computers.
4 Differentiate between a compiler and an interpreter.
5 How is assembly language different from machine language?
F. Apply Your Learning.
1 Reena’s mother was a computer programmer during the third-generation of computer language. Which kind of language did she use then?
2 Amit’s brother is a scientist and works in the weather-forecasting department. Which type of computer must he be using?
3 Aisha wants a computer that she can carry to college. Which type of computer do you suggest she should take?
4 Rohan is a programmer who writes programs for artificial intelligence machines. Which generation of languages is this?
5 Asmi wants to convert a program written in a high-level language into a low-level language. Which program should she use to do it?
Organising Data
Suppose you are creating a science project where you have to maintain many sheets of paper. Each sheet of paper has a different topic. Now imagine, if you are working on multiple projects of different subjects, then it will be very difficult for you to keep a track of which file belongs to what project. In this case, you can make use of folders to arrange all these papers subject-wise.
Similarly in computers, you can create files using various software applications. To organise these files on your computer, it‘s better to keep them in separate folders. This is called file management. File management is the way we organise and handle our digital documents and files on a computer or a device. It involves creating, saving, naming, moving, and deleting files to keep them organised and easy to find.
Did You Know?
Digital folders in computers are modelled after physical filing systems, where both are used for storing and categorising files systematically.
Moving and Copying Files and Folders
You can organise your files and folders by moving and copying them from one location to another. There are mainly two methods to do so. Let us learn about them.
Moving Data from One Drive to Another
Moving data from one drive to another means taking files and folders from one place to another. People generally move files from one drive to another for various reasons, such as creating backups, freeing up space, organising data, or transferring data between devices.
Using Cut and Paste Method
1. First, open File Explorer by clicking on the File Explorer icon in the taskbar or by pressing Win + E keys.
2. Click on This PC.
3. Double-click on the New Volume(D:) drive.
4. Find the files you want to move, then select them.
5. Right-click on the selected files. A context menu appears.
6. Select Cut from the context menu.
7. Now, go to the Local Disk(C:) drive.
8. Choose the destination folder, where you want to put these files.
9. Right-click in an empty area and select Paste from the context menu.
The files will be pasted at the desired location.
Using Drag and Drop Method
There is one more way to move files. You can drag and drop a file from one location to the other.
1. Click on the file you want to move and hold down the left button of the mouse.
2. If you press and hold the Ctrl key while you move it, it will always make a copy.
3. If you press and hold the Shift key while you move it, it will always move the file.
Did You Know?
You can copy or move data to cloud storage services such as Google Drive, Dropbox, or Microsoft OneDrive, providing easy access from anywhere with an internet connection.
Copying or Moving Data between Storage Devices
Moving or copying data between storage devices means transferring information like files or documents from one place, such as a computer, to another, like a USB drive or external hard disk. Moving removes data from the original location while copying duplicates it, allowing you to use it on different devices.
Copying Data between Storage Devices
Copying data involves copying the files/folders from one storage location to another. It is generally used to create a backup of your files.
To copy files from your device to your external storage on a Windows 10 computer, follow these steps:
1. Plug in your external storage device.
2. Click on the File Explorer icon on the taskbar.
3. Find the files or folders you want to copy.
4. To select multiple files, hold down the Ctrl key as you click on them.
5. After you have selected the files and folders, right-click on them.
6. Click on Send to, then pick the name of your external storage device from the list.
Your files and folders will start copying to your external drive. If you have multiple files in different places, you might need to do these steps again.
Moving Data between Storage Devices
To move data between storage devices in Windows 10, you can use the following steps:
1. Connect the storage device to your computer.
2. Open File Explorer.
3. Navigate the location where your files which you want to copy.
4. Select the files you want to copy.
5. Right-click on the selected files and choose Cut or press Ctrl + X.
6. Move to the external device location where you want to paste the files.
7. Right-click in the empty area and select Paste or press Ctrl + V.
Moving Files from External Drive to PC
Follow the given steps to transfer files from external storage device to the computer:
1. Open File Explorer
2. Go to This PC
3. Double-click the external drive and navigate through the files/folders.
4. Select the files you want to transfer.
5. Right-click and choose Cut or Copy.
6. Select the location on your computer where you want to transfer the files.
7. Right-click in an empty area and select Paste.
Sorting Files and Folders
is File Management
Sorting means to arrange the files in a particular order. You can arrange your files according to their names, size, type, or the date on which the file is created or modified.
To sort the files, follow the given steps:
1. Open File Explorer
2. Go to the folder where you want to arrange the files.
3. Click on the View tab and choose Details to display file details.
4. Click on the Sort by button, and select either Name or Size to organise files. Here, the Size option is selected.
5. Further, you can select whether you want to arrange the files in ascending order or descending order. For example, let us select ascending order. The files will be arranged size-wise, in ascending order.
Did You Know?
Ascending order means to arrange the files in increasing order of their size and descending order means to arrange the files in decreasing order of their size.
Guidelines for File Management
Create your digital file organisation system:
Set aside some time to organise your computer‘s files and folders, just like you would organise your room.
Create a main folder (like “My Documents” or “My Files“) and give it a clear name.
Inside the main folder, create subfolders for different categories (e.g., “School”, “Photos”, “Music”).
Start moving your files into the appropriate subfolders, keeping them neatly organised.
Try searching for files using wildcards like ‘*’ and ‘?’ to practise your file-finding skills.
Regularly maintain and update your digital organisation system to keep it efficient.
Searching Files and Folders
Searching files means looking for specific documents or data on a computer or a device. To do this, you use a search tool to find files by typing keywords or names. This helps you to quickly locate and access the information that you need, saving time and making it easier to work with your files.
In Windows 10, you can use special symbols called wildcards to narrow down your search results. There are two main wildcards: the asterisk (*) and the question mark (?).
The asterisk (*) can stand for any number of characters, while the question mark (?) can replace just one character. Let us see their usage one by one.
Using Asterisk (*) Symbol
The asterisk (*) symbol is used to search all the files of the same type. For example, you can type *.docx to find all the files that have the .docx extension.
To use the asterisk symbol to search for files, follow the given steps:
1. Click on the File Explorer icon in the taskbar to open it.
2. Go to the drive where you want to search and open the desired folder.
3. In the Search bar, type what you are looking for and use special symbols: “*“ (Asterisk) stands for any number of characters.
4. To find files with a specific ending, use “*“ followed by the extension, like “*.txt“ for text files or “*.jpg” for image files.
5. To find files or folders with a certain word in their name, use “*“ before and after the word, like “*document*“ to find anything with “document“ in its name.
6. After you have typed what you want to find, press Enter or click Search in File Explorer. It will show you the files and folders that match your search criteria.
Using Question Mark (?)
A question mark (?) is used to match a single character in the name of the files. You can use multiple question marks to specify the number of characters that you want to search for in a file’s or folder’s name. For example, if you search for “document?.txt,” Windows will find both “document1.txt” and “document2.txt” because the question mark represents a single character, and it can match any single character in the file name.
To search a file or a folder using the question mark symbol, follow the given steps:
1. Open File Explorer.
2. Go to the location where you want to search a file or folder.
3. In the Search box, type the search criteria using a question mark. If you want to find files with a specific character in a certain place, use “?” in that place. For example, “file0?.txt” would find files like “file01.txt“ or “file02.txt.“
4. After writing the search criteria, press Enter or click on the Go button. The files matching your search criteria will be displayed.
Understanding File Formats
A file format defines how information is organised and stored for a specific program‘s use. For instance, a .docx file is a Microsoft Word document. Different applications may not be able to understand all file formats, and sometimes, even if they can read a format, they might not be able to interpret all aspects correctly. For example, an application might be able to read the text in a file but not handle its formatting correctly if it is in a different format from what it is designed for.
Understanding file formats means knowing how different kinds of computer files are built and the rules they follow. These files are important because they help computers make sense of the information stored
in them. Some file formats have security features, like passwords or encryption, which can keep sensitive data safe. Some common file types include:
1. JPEG/PNG: These are formats for pictures and photos.
2. MP3: It is a compressed audio file type.
3. MP4: A video file type that can also have audio and subtitles.
4. DOCX: A format for Microsoft Word documents.
5. XLSX: A format for Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.
6. MKV: A container format that can hold video, audio, and subtitles all in one file.
Think and Tell
What are some other file formats that you have seen?
Working with Multiple Applications
Working with multiple applications means using several software programs or apps on a computer or device at the same time. This involves switching between these programs to do different tasks, like doing multiple things at once or sharing information between them. Important parts of this include:
1. Multitasking: Doing more than one thing at a time on your device. You don‘t have to close one app to use another.
2. Compatibility: Making sure that different apps can work together and share information smoothly.
3. Collaboration: Working together with others on projects, using various apps like chat tools, project management software, and file-sharing platforms.
To work with multiple apps, you can:
1. Open different apps on your computer.
2. Move between them quickly using keyboard shortcuts like “Alt + Tab”. This helps you to switch between apps easily.
Do It Yourself 2A
Connect a USB drive or external hard disk to your computer, copy or move a set of files from your computer to the external storage device and then disconnect the external storage device safely. Reconnect the device to your computer and copy or move the files back from the external storage device to your computer. Observe how data transfer works between your computer and external storage.
Points to Remember
1 You organise your computer by creating folders and naming them for easy access.
2 Moving a file from one location to another means to change the original location of a file or folder.
3 Copying a file or folder means to create a duplicate copy of the selected file or folder. In this case, the same file or folder will exist at two different locations.
4 Sorting files and folders means to arrange them in a particular order.
5 Wildcards like asterisk (*) and question mark (?) help you search for files on your computer. The asterisk represents multiple characters, and the question mark represents one character.
6 File formats determine how information is stored in files. Different file formats are used for different types of data, such as .docx for Word documents, .jpg for images, and .mp3 for audio.
7 You can use multiple software programs or apps simultaneously on your computer. Multitasking allows you to switch between apps without closing them.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
1 To files on a Windows 10 computer, you can use the Cut and Paste method or drag and drop them to the desired location.
2 like ‘*‘ and ‘?‘ can be used in file searches to find specific types of files or match certain characters.
3 A file defines how information is organised and stored for a specific program’s use.
4 Working with multiple applications, you can switch between them using keyboard shortcuts like .
5 allows you to switch between apps without closing them.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 What is the purpose of creating folders and naming them on your computer?
a To slow down file access
b To make files harder to find
c To organise files and make them easier to access
d To delete files permanently
2 How can you move files from one location to another on a Windows 10 computer?
a Press Ctrl + C
b Right-click and choose “Delete“
c Use the Cut and Paste method or drag and drop
d Use the Print option
3 What are wildcards used for in file searches on a computer?
a To create new files
b To represent any number of characters
c To format text
d To play multimedia files
4 Why is it important to understand file formats?
a It‘s not important at all
b It helps you choose the best wallpaper for your computer
c It determines how information is stored and which software can open files
d It helps with computer gaming
5 What does working with multiple applications on a computer involve?
a Closing all apps before opening a new one
b Using just one app at a time
c Using several software programs or apps simultaneously
d Using a computer without any applications
C. Who Am I?
1 I am a method used to move files and folders from one location to another on a Windows 10 computer. I involve cutting and pasting or dragging and dropping.
2 I am a special symbol used in file searches in Windows 10. I can represent any number of characters or just one character.
3 I am the purpose of organising your computer files by creating folders and giving them names. I make it easier to find and access your data.
4 I am a format that defines how information is stored for a specific program‘s use. For instance, .docx is an example of me used for Word documents.
5 I am the action of copying data from one storage device to another. I create backups for your files and help keep your data safe.
D.
Write T for True and F for False.
1 File management involves organising and handling digital documents and files on a computer or a device.
2 Moving data from one drive to another always results in making a copy of the files.
3 Using wildcards like “*“ and “?“ can help narrow down file searches and find specific files on a computer.
4 File formats determine how information is organised and stored for a specific program‘s use.
5 Multitasking involves using several software programs on a computer simultaneously, allowing you to work on multiple tasks without closing apps.
E. Answer the Following.
1 What is the purpose of file management, and why is it important for computer users?
2 Explain the difference between moving and copying data between storage devices. When might you choose one over the other?
3 How can wildcards like “*“ and “?“ be used to enhance file searches on a computer? Provide an example of when you might use them.
4 What is the significance of file formats? How do they impact the compatibility and interpretation of files by different software programs?
5 Describe the concept of working with multiple applications on a computer. How can multitasking and compatibility between applications benefit users in various tasks and projects?
F. Apply Your Learning.
1 You are given a folder containing various types of files, including documents, images, and spreadsheets. Your task is to organise these files into subfolders based on their file types (e.g., create separate subfolders for documents, images, and spreadsheets). Explain the steps you would take to complete this file management task efficiently.
2 In the lab, you have two different software applications open on your computer: a word-processing program and an image-editing program. Your assignment is to create a document in the word processing program and insert an image from the image editing program into it. Mention the types of the file formats used in both the applications.
What is the Internet?
Do you use the internet to search for any topic, send a message to your friend, play a game, etc.? Have you ever wondered how the internet works and what it is?
We use the internet in many instances in our lives.
The internet is a network that connects computers all over the world. You can communicate with people and transfer data from anywhere around the globe with a web connection. The internet is also known as the ‘net’.
In this chapter, you will learn what exactly the internet is and its advantages and disadvantages. Let us surf the internet and realise its benefits!
History of the Internet
The history of the internet is fascinating and has evolved over several decades. The foundation of the Internet was laid in the early 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defense established Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPANET) in 1969. ARPANET was created using a group of personal computers at various colleges for sharing information and messages. The key protocol for internet communication is called the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which allowed computers on different networks to communicate with each other. ARPANET and the Defense Data Network officially adopted the TCP/IP standard on January 1, 1983, marking the transition to the modern internet. This date is often considered the official birthday of the internet.
The adoption of TCP/IP made it possible for different computer networks to communicate using a common language, enabling the global network we know as the internet today.
Advantages of the Internet
The internet is one of the most powerful and brilliant creations that offers endless knowledge and enjoyment to human beings. Let us learn more about the benefits of the internet.
Communication: The internet has revolutionised the way we communicate. It allows people to connect instantly through email, social media, video calls, and messaging apps, making it easy to stay in touch with family, friends, and colleagues worldwide.
Online Learning: The internet offers access to a vast number of educational resources and online courses. Students and learners of all ages can acquire new skills, take courses, and earn degrees from the comfort of their homes.
Maps and Navigation: Online maps and GPS services help people find addresses, get directions, and navigate unfamiliar places effortlessly. Services like Google Maps provide real-time traffic updates and even public transportation options.
Online Shopping: E-commerce platforms have made shopping more convenient than ever before. People can browse and purchase products from a wide range of retailers, without leaving their homes. Online shopping also offers the advantage of comparing prices and reading reviews.
Online Payment: The internet has streamlined financial transactions through online payment systems like PayPal and Paytm, and digital wallets. Such services make it secure and easy to send and receive money, pay bills, and make online purchases.
Disadvantages of the Internet
Despite many advantages, the internet has some disadvantages too.
Wastage of Time: The internet has a lot of information that can kill people’s time while surfing the internet.
Impact on Health: People may become addicted to using the internet. It can disturb their minds and affect their physical health in the long run. Spending an excessive amount of time on phones, laptops, or other such devices can cause health problems such as reduced eyesight, lower backache, and neckache.
Cybersecurity Threats: The internet, if not used correctly, can be a bit like leaving your front door unlocked. Some not-so-nice people may try to sneak into your personal networks and systems and cause harm for their gain or just for fun. If your computer is not secured, they can gain unauthorised access to your personal documents and other information such as stealing your bank account details and using them for their benefit.
Misinformation and Fake News: Sometimes, there can be articles or information posted by random people that is not true. On the internet, these made-up stories can spread fast and confuse everyone. It is, therefore, advisable to check the reality and truthfulness of news before sharing it with anyone.
Cyberbullying: On the internet, some people can be mean to others and send messages that may affect them negatively. In some cases, you may not even know these people. If you receive messages from strangers or even known people that start affecting you in an odd way even if not negatively, inform your elders immediately.
Lack of Face-to-face Interaction: When you spend too much time on the internet, you may not talk to and play with your friends and family in person. Such instances can affect both your physical and mental health. It is important to balance online and offline time so that you can keep your social skills and friendships strong.
Do It Yourself 3A
Name the following advantages of the internet.
Think and Tell
Is using the internet an advantage or a disadvantage?
Popular Services on the Internet
Some popular services on the internet are:
Email and Its Features
Email stands for electronic mail. It is a way to send messages over the internet to other people. Emails can be used to send textual content, photos, documents, and others as attachments.
The features of email are as follows:
You can write and receive emails to and from anyone with an email address.
You can attach files such as photos or documents with your emails.
You can save email addresses of your contacts for easy access in the contacts list.
The emails can be sorted into separate folders for easy tracking.
You can respond to emails or share them with others.
You can look for specific emails, using keywords.
You can use the filters provided by the email service to block unwanted emails.
You can add your name and contact information to the end of your emails.
Advantages of Using Email
1. Most email services are free and easy to use.
2. You can send a message in real time to a person anywhere across the globe.
3. Emails are personal and are secured with passwords.
Disadvantages of Using Email
1. You can only attach a file with a limited size. For example, through Gmail, you can send a file with a maximum size of 25 MB.
2. Email services are prone to attack by hackers.
3. Emails are often used by malicious users to send unwelcome and harmful messages to other users.
Google Drive
Think and Tell
Google Drive is a cloud storage service that lets you store files online and access them from anywhere using an internet connection.
Features of Google Drive
1. You can use Google Drive to share large files that cannot be attached to an email.
2. It is a trusted storage location, as it is protected by a password.
3. You can access your files anytime anywhere.
4. As you are storing your files on a cloud storage, your computer storage space is not consumed.
E-commerce
E-commerce, or digital commerce, refers to the buying and selling of products and services online. It is a convenient way to shop for products and services from a variety of retailers without leaving your home. Is using email a more convenient way to send or receive messages than the traditional mail?
Advantages of E-commerce
1. Customers can shop from anywhere at any time, making it convenient for both buyers and sellers.
2. E-commerce allows businesses to reach a global audience, expanding their customer base.
3. Operating an online store is often more cost-effective than a physical one, reducing overhead expenses.
4. E-commerce websites can personalise recommendations and offers, based on a user’s browsing and purchasing history.
5. Shoppers can easily compare products, prices, and reviews online before making a purchase decision.
Disadvantages of E-commerce
1. Online transactions may be vulnerable to security breaches and data theft, causing privacy concerns.
2. Buyers cannot physically inspect products before a purchase, which can lead to dissatisfaction if the product does not meet expectations and does not have a return policy.
3. Technical issues, such as website crashes or payment gateway failures, can disrupt a shopping experience.
4. E-commerce platforms face intense competition, making it challenging for new businesses to stand out.
5. Shipping delays and issues can lead to customer frustration and affect the overall shopping experience.
Modes of Online Payments
Modes of online payments are the one-of-a-kind methods through which you can pay for goods and services online. There are many modes of online payments available, each with its personal set of functions.
Examples of Modes of Online Payments
Credit Card: Customers can make online payments using their credit cards. The customers need to enter card details like card number, expiry date, and CVV code for transactions.
Debit Card: Debit cards are another popular option for making online payments. These cards allow users to pay online by entering debit card information, and the transaction amount is deducted directly from their bank account.
Net Banking: Net banking enables users to transfer money directly from their bank accounts to the recipient’s account through online banking services provided by their banks.
Mobile Wallet: Mobile wallets or digital wallets are apps that store payment information. Users can deposit money into the wallet and use it for various online transactions. Examples include PayPal, Amazon Pay, Google Pay, and Paytm.
Unified Payments Interface: A unified payments interface (UPI) is a real-time payment system in India that allows users to send and receive money using their smartphones. This system is widely used for online transactions and bill payments.
CVV stands for ‘Card Verification Value’. It is a three- or four-digit security code that is printed on the back of credit and debit cards. Did You Know?
Blogging
A blog is a website where people can write about their thoughts, experiences, and interests. Blogs are updated according to the blog owner’s interest, and they may be regularly written in a conversational style. The creator of a blog is called a blogger, and the process of writing or creating a blog is called blogging.
Advantages of Blogging
1. Blogging provides a platform for individuals to express their thoughts, ideas, and creativity.
2. Bloggers can share their expertise and knowledge on specific topics, helping others to learn and gain insights.
3. Blogs can raise a sense of community and connection among like-minded individuals who share similar interests.
4. Blogging can enhance an individual’s or a business’s online presence, making it easier for others to discover them.
5. Bloggers often connect with others in their area of expertise or industry, leading to networking opportunities and collaborations.
6. Some bloggers can generate income through advertising, sponsored content, affiliate marketing, or product/service sales.
7. Successful bloggers may attract career opportunities in writing, speaking, consulting, or related fields.
8. Regular writing and engagement with an audience can lead to personal growth and improved communication skills.
Podcasting
Podcasting involves creating and sharing audio content. This content can include discussions, interviews, storytelling, music, and more.
The e-Podcasts can be updated and shared regularly, as they are usually released in episodes. Some of the features of podcasts are as follows:
1. Podcasts are mostly released in an episodic form, which means they are organised into episodes. Each episode focuses on a specific topic or theme.
2. Users can subscribe to their favourite podcasts, using podcast apps or platforms. Subscriptions ensure that they receive updates when new episodes are released.
3. Podcasts are accessible through various devices, including smartphones, tablets, computers, and dedicated podcast players. Podcasts cover a wide range of topics and genres, catering to various interests, such as news, entertainment, education, technology, and more.
4. Listeners have the flexibility to choose when and where they want to listen to podcasts. They can stream or download episodes to their devices for offline listening. Listeners can engage with podcasts by leaving reviews, comments, or ratings. They can also share episodes on social media.
5. Podcasts are hosted and produced by individuals or teams known as podcasters. They are responsible for creating and publishing audio content.
6. Podcasts are distributed through podcast platforms such as Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, and others.
7. Some podcasters monetise their content through advertising, sponsorships, listener support, or premium content subscriptions.
8. Podcasts have a global audience, allowing creators to connect with listeners from around the world.
Potential Threats of Using the Internet
Using the internet poses various potential threats and risks, which are as follows:
Malicious Software: While using the internet, malicious software like viruses, ransomware, and spyware can get downloaded on your computer, which can infect your devices and steal or damage your data.
Phishing: Phishing is an offence where scammers use fake links to trick you to reveal sensitive information such as passwords and credit card details.
Financial Fraud: Cybercriminals can get access to debit and credit card details and use it to steal money from the card owner’s bank account.
Data Breach: Large organisations can also experience data breaches, exposing their sensitive and secret information to cybercriminals.
Digital Footprints: When you surf the internet, your history is stored on each website that you visit. This history leaves an online data trail called a digital footprint. Even if you sign out from the various services, your information remains there on the websites that you visited. This information can lead to privacy invasions and unwelcome targeted advertising.
Identity Theft: Identity theft happens when some cybercriminals steal your personal information or financial data and pretend to be you for conducting online transactions. It is dangerous as you may not know that or may come to know quite late that a crime has been committed in your name.
Cyberbullying: Cyberbullying is an act of harassing or threatening others online, often through social media or messaging platforms. If you receive an inappropriate message or comment from anyone known or unknown on the internet, immediately inform your guardians.
Internet Addiction: Excessive use of the internet, social media, or online gaming can lead to addiction and have a negative impact on mental health and well-being.
Netiquette
Netiquette refers to a set of rules and regulations for behaving politely and respectfully online. It is a combination of two terms ‘network’ and ‘etiquette’. While using the internet, you must follow these guidelines:
1. Treat others on the internet the way you want to be treated. Do not say or write mean or hurtful things.
2. Write in a way that is easy to understand, and avoid using all capital letters (LIKE THIS) or unnecessary punctuation (!!! or *!?*#), which can seem like shouting or being rude.
3. Do not share other people’s private information without their permission.
4. Before you send a message or post something, think if it is something you would say in person. If not, it may not be nice online either.
5. Do not be mean or make fun of others online. Cyberbullying hurts people, just like physical bullying.
6. Do not share your personal information such as your address or phone number with strangers. It is the same as not talking to strangers on the street.
7. If you use someone else’s work or idea, give them credit, as you do at school with poems or articles.
8. In online discussions, stick to the topic and avoid going off at unrelated tangents.
9. Emojis can help show emotions, but do not use too many. It can be confusing.
10. Sometimes, people on the internet may not respond right away. Be patient and give them time.
Do It Yourself 3B
Identify which of the following are good net practices. Write G for good and B for bad practices.
1 Sharing personal information with unknown persons online.
2 Using emojis.
3 Using capital letters while chatting.
4 Using someone else's work or ideas without their knowledge.
5 Making fun of your friends by sending them messages online.
Points to Remember
1 The internet is a global network of computers that are connected to each other.
2 The advantages of the internet are: access to information, communication, entertainment, etc.
3 The disadvantages of the internet are: addiction, cybercrime, privacy concerns, etc.
4 E-mail stands for electronic mail. It is convenient and free of charge.
5 Google Drive is a cloud storage where we can store any data or information.
6 E-commerce is the buying or selling of goods and services online.
7 We have various types of modes of online payment, such as credit cards, debit cards, and UPI.
8 A blog is a website where we can share our thoughts.
9 Podcasting is a way to create and distribute audio content.
10 Potential online threats are the risks that can impact on a system, process, or organisation.
11 Netiquette is a combination of two different words ‘network’ and ‘etiquette’.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints
1 The internet is a network of computers that are connected to each other.
2 Email is a way to and receive messages over the internet.
3 A blog is a website to thoughts.
4 The internet was invented in the .
5 E-commerce is used to buy and goods and services online.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 Which of the following is not an internet service?
a Google Drive
c Chatting
2 What is a blog?
a A writer ’s thoughts and opinions on a particular topic
b News and current events
c Product reviews
d All of these
3 What is a podcast?
b Email
d Television
a An audio or video recording that is published online and can be downloaded or streamed
b A live radio broadcast
c A short video clip that is shared online
d None of these
4 Which of the following is NOT a good netiquette practice?
a Be polite and respectful to others.
b Avoid using offensive language.
c Share personal information about yourself or others.
d Avoid using capital letters.
5 What are some of the benefits of blogging?
a You can share your thoughts and experiences with the world.
b You can connect with other people who share your interests.
c You can learn new things.
d The content on a blog is in the audio form.
C. Who Am I?
1 I allow you to send and receive messages electronically.
2 I am a website where you can share your thoughts and ideas.
3 I am a type of digital audio recording that can be shared online.
4 I have a set of rules for online behaviour.
5 I allow you to make online payments.
D. Write T for True or F for False.
1 The internet serves as a network connecting various computer systems.
2 There is no limit for file size while attaching with email on Gmail.
3 A blog is used to share thoughts.
4 A podcast is a way to share thoughts in an audio form.
5 Email is a slower method compared to traditional mail.
E.
Answer the Following.
1 What is the internet?
2 What is Email? What are the advantages of Email?
3 What is podcasting?
4 What netiquette should you follow while online?
5 Name and explain two online payment methods.
F. Apply Your Learning.
1 Nishi is working on a science project. She requires some information for the project but does not know how to get it. How does she search for information online?
2 Mihir was given a task by his computer teacher about writing the names of various messaging apps. He does not know much. Help him find various messaging apps or platforms used for online communication.
3 Anaya was using the internet when she received an email asking her for personal information. Should she share the information or not? What potential threats can she be exposed to?
4 Naman has a bent towards writing. He wants to share his personal thoughts and ideas with an audience over the internet through his articles. Which internet service can he use?
5 Lovey is chatting with her friend Sharvi on an online chat platform. Which netiquette should she keep in mind while sending messages?
Creating a Table
Imagine that you are planning a birthday party for your classmate Sarah. It’s going to be a surprise party, and you want to make sure everyone’s informed with the plan. To do that, you decide to create a digital invitation and a detailed schedule of the party activities.
For this invitation, you will use Google Docs.
Google Docs allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating with other users in real time.
Now, we will create a plan of activities in a table to ensure that everything takes place at the correct time, starting with preparing for the party and ending with tidying up afterwards.
Sarah's 11th Birthday Party
Date: September 18, 2023
Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m.
Venue: 5-A Classroom
Dear * (name) *
Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah.
I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party.
I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule.
Please see if your phone number is correct: * (phone no.) * This will let me call you in case I need any help.
Time
Activity
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m. Set up
10:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Snacks Games
Let us make this a memorable birthday for her.
Let us learn how to create a table.
Description
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
A table is like a grid made up of rows and columns. The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell.
Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)
Steps to create a table:
1. Open Google Docs.
2. Click on the big plus sign (+) or Blank option to create a new document.
3. Click on the Insert menu from the menu bar.
4. Select the Table option from the drop-down list that appears.
5. Select the number of rows and columns from the Table templates grid. Here, we are creating a table with 3 columns and 4 rows.
Your table is created in the document.
Let’s learn how you can add data to this table.
Did You Know?
Google Docs tables are great for creating organised lists with checkboxes, making to-do lists, and so on.
Entering Data in a Table
To enter data in a table, follow these steps:
1. Click on any cell in the table.
2. Type your party information in each cell, starting with categories like Time, Activity, and Description.
3. Use Tab key to move to the next cell in the table and Shift + Tab to move to the previous cell.
4. In the second row, write the time of the activity under the Time column and the activity name under the Activity column. For example, for a class party, write Set up under Activity. Write the description of the activity under the Description column.
Time
Activity Description
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m. Set up
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Similarly, enter the details of other activities. Now that you have learnt how to enter data into a table, let’s explore how you can make changes to this table.
Editing a Table
Editing a table means making some modifications to the table structure or changing the data in it.
If you want to update some information, you can edit the table by following the steps given below:
1. For example, if you want to change the timing of an activity, you can locate the cell under the Time column in the corresponding row.
2. Locate the cell, then click on it to edit the time as necessary.
Time
Activity Description
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m. Set up
10:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Snacks Games
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
Here, the snacks timings are being changed from “10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.” to “10:00 a.m. to 10:30 a.m.”
Time 9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m. Set up
Activity Description
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Snacks Games
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
Did You Know?
Just like you can add comments on the text in Google Docs, you can also add comments on the cells in a table.
Do It Yourself 4A
1 Plan your birthday party games! Create a table with two columns (Game Name and Players Needed) and list three games you want to play with the number of players for each game.
2 Answer the following.
a What is editing a table?
b Write the shortcut key to move to the previous cell in a table.
Now that you’ve learnt how to create a table, enter data, and edit it, let’s learn how to format a table in Google Docs.
Formatting a Table
When you write something on a computer or on paper, you can change the way it looks to make it easier or more interesting to read.
Formatting means to change the overall appearance of a table.
Let’s start formatting by changing the row height of a table.
Changing Row Height
You wish to make your party-planning table look even better. You can change the height of the rows to make things easier to read and more organised.
A row is a horizontal arrangement of cells or boxes that runs from left to right.
Row height is the vertical distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table.
To change the height of rows, follow the steps given below:
1. Right-click in the row that you want to make taller or shorter. A context menu will appear.
2. Select the Table properties option.
Time Activity Description
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon 1
3. In the Table properties pane, click on the Row category.
4. Select the Minimum row height check box.
5. Adjust the row height value to change the row’s height.
The row height will be changed as shown in the image.
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
You can also open the Table properties pane by selecting the Format → Table → Table properties option from the menu bar.
Similarly, you can change the width of a table’s columns. Let’s discuss how.
Set up Snacks Games
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
Did You Know?
You can sort data in Google Docs tables by selecting a column and using the ascending (A to Z) or descending (Z to A) sorting options in the toolbar.
Changing Column Width
A column is a vertical arrangement of cells or boxes that run from top to bottom.
Column width is the horizontal distance between the left and right borders of a column in a table.
The column width can be changed using the following steps:
1. Right-click on the column that you want to make wider or narrower.
2. Select the Table properties option from the context menu that appears.
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon Time
3. In the Table properties pane, click on the Column category.
4. Adjust the column width value to make the column wider or narrower.
The column width will be changed as shown in the image.
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
An important concept while learning about formatting tables is the splitting of cells. This helps you to categorise more information. Let’s learn how you can split cells in a table in Google Docs.
Splitting Cells
Splitting cells in a table can help you separate and categorise information in a clear and structured way. For example, you can split up the lunch activity to include smaller activities like lunch and talking. Steps to split cells are as follows:
1. Right-click on the cell that you want to split into smaller parts.
2. A context menu will appear.
3. Select the Split cell option.
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
4. The Split cell dialog box will appear, asking you to specify how many rows and columns you want to divide the cell into. Enter the number of rows and columns based on how you want to organise your information.
5. Click on the Split button to confirm your choices and split the selected cell. The cell will be divided into smaller cells based on your specifications.
6. Type the desired information in the split cells.
Sometimes, larger cells are required in a table to enter headings or other information. Let’s learn how we can merge table cells to combine information effectively.
Merging Cells
Explore More!
See how to fill a table in Google Docs with colours by scanning this QR!
Merging cells in a table can help you combine information and create headings, improving the clarity and organisation of the table.
Merging cells is like combining two or more cells in a table to create a single, larger cell.
Steps to merge the cells are as follows:
1. To merge cells, first select the cells you want to combine. You can do this by clicking and dragging over the cells.
2. Once the cells are selected, right-click on them.
3. In the menu that pops up, click on the Merge cells option.
4. The selected cells will become one big cell. When two cells are merged, the text written in both cells is also merged. You can change the text according to your requirement.
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon Time Set up Snacks Talking Games Activity
Description
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
Adding Rows and Columns to a Table
After creating a table, you can add more rows and columns to it by following the steps:
1. Right-click in the cell where you want to add a row/column. The context menu that appears allows you to add a column to the left or right of the selected cell. Similarly, it also has options to add a row above or below the selected cell.
2. Select the Insert row below option.
Time
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Description 2
Set up the part hall with balloons and
Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other
A row will be inserted. Similarly, you can add a column by selecting the Insert column left/Insert column right option.
Removing Rows and Columns from a Table
Sometimes, you may need to remove a row/column from a table. You can remove a row/column from a table by following the given steps:
1. Select the row/column you want to delete and right-click on it.
2. Select the Delete row option.
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon Time Set up Set up the part hall with balloons and Snacks Games Activity 2
Similarly, you can delete a column.
Now, let’s learn how to apply borders and shading to a table.
Applying Borders and Shading
Applying borders and shading to a table in Google Docs can enhance its visual appeal and make it stand out.
Borders: It is like a dark outline around any text or picture that makes it look a little standout.
Shading: It means to set the background colour of a cell.
Follow the steps below to apply border and shading to a table:
1. Right-click on any cell of your table.
2. Select the Table properties option.
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
Set up the part hall with balloons and
Allow the friends to sit down and socailize over food and drinks. Friends can bond with each other
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon 2
3. The Table properties pane will appear. Click on the Color category. You will see a Table border option.
4. Here, you can select the colour and thickness for the table border.
5. You can also set a background colour of cell by using the Cell background color option.
6. Click on a desired colour from the palette. You can see that the colour of the table heading background has now changed.
11:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Let’s learn how you can change the type of a border:
1. Select the border that you want to change by clicking on it.
2. Click on the Border dash from the Toolbar. A list of different types of borders will appear.
3. Select the type of border which you want to apply.
The selected border will be changed. Similarly, you can change the border of whole table.
9:00 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.–12:00
Now
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
Aligning Texts Horizontally
Horizontal text alignment refers to how the text is positioned within a cell, deciding whether it aligns with the left, centre, or right margins.
Steps to align the text are as follows:
1. Select the text you want to align.
2. Click on the 3 dots in the upper right-hand corner of the page.
3. Click on the Align button in the Toolbar.
4. Select the alignment you want to apply to your text:
Left: Aligns the text to the left margin.
Center: Aligns the text to the centre of the cell.
Right: Aligns the text to the right margin.
Justify: Aligns the text in between left and right margins of the cells, filling the line space.
Aligning Text Vertically
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
Vertical alignment refers to the position of a text within the top and bottom edges of a cell in a table.
Steps to apply the vertical alignment are as follows:
1. Select the cell or a range of cells, whose text alignment you want to modify.
2. Right-click on the selected cell.
3. Select the Table properties option. The Table properties pane opens.
4. Click on the Cell category. It will show two options: Cell vertical alignment and Cell padding. The Cell vertical alignment option gives you three options:
• Top: It aligns the text to the top edge of the cell.
• Middle: It aligns the text to the centre of the top and bottom edges of the cell.
• Bottom: It aligns the text to the bottom edge of the cell.
The Cell padding option allows you to adjust the space between the edges of the cell and the content of the cell.
5. Select the desired alignment option.
The text will appear in the selected vertical alignment.
Do It Yourself 4B
1 What is the difference between merging cells and splitting cells in a table?
2 What are borders in a table? How are they useful?
Merging Cells
Splitting Cells
Points to Remember
1 A table in Google Docs is a grid made up of rows and columns.
2 You can enter data in a table by clicking on a cell and typing the information.
3 Editing a table involves clicking on cells to make changes, such as modifying text or data.
4 You can change the appearance of a table by adjusting row heights, column widths, and adding borders.
5 Splitting cells allows you to divide a cell into smaller parts for better organisation.
6 Merging cells combines multiple selected cells into one large cell.
7 Border and shading can be applied to tables to enhance their visual appeal.
8 Text alignment determines how a text is positioned within a cell, including left, centre, right, or justified alignment.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints rows columns grid center vertical adjacent
1 A table in Google Docs is like a made up of rows and columns.
2 To create a table, select Insert → Table option and select the number of and you need.
3 Row height is the distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table.
4 Merging cells combines cells into one large cell.
5 The alignment option centres the text within a cell.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 How do you start creating a table in Google Docs?
a Open a new email.
b Click on the Insert menu.
c Open Google Docs and click on the plus sign (+) or Blank.
d Open a new browser tab.
2 What does splitting cells mean in the context of a table?
a Combining two or more cells into one larger cell.
b Changing the font size of the text inside the cells.
c Dividing a cell into smaller parts.
d Adding a background colour to cells.
3 What is the purpose of adding borders to the cells of a table?
a To make the table look bigger.
b To make the text bold.
c To make the table visually appealing and stand out.
d To change the font style.
4 To combine two cells, which feature is used in Google Docs?
a Merging cells
c Both a and b
b Splitting cells
d None of these
5 How can you change the row height in a table to make it easier to read?
a By clicking on the table border.
b By changing the background colour.
c By adjusting the row height value in the Table properties pane.
d None of these
C. Who Am I?
1 I am the menu in Google Docs that is used to change the table properties.
2 I am a vertical arrangement of cells or boxes that run from top to bottom.
3 I am the horizontal distance between the left and right borders of a column in a table.
4 I am like a dark outline around any text or picture that makes it look a little standout.
5 I determine whether your text lines up to the left, centre, or right in a table cell.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 The intersection of a row and a column is called a table.
2 Moving from one cell to another can be done using the Ctrl key on your keyboard.
3 You can set the horizontal alignment of the text by clicking on the Align button in the Toolbar.
4 You can’t change the appearance of a table by adding borders or shading.
5 The Justify option aligns the text in between left and right margins of the cells.
E. Answer the Following.
1 What is a cell in a table?
2 What is the difference between rows and columns?
3 Write the two methods to open the Table properties pane.
4 Which option is used to change the type of border of a table?
5 Write the names of any three text alignments in Google Docs.
F. Apply Your Learning.
1 You receive an allowance of ₹1000. Create a table with two columns, one for how much money you will spend and one for how much you will save, and explain your choices.
2 You have Maths, Science and History homework. Create the table with three columns, one for each subject, and mark which one you will start with and why.
3 Create a table with two columns, one for destination ideas for a trip you want to go on with your family, and one for the activities you’d like to do on the trip.
4 Imagine you have three breakfast options: cereal, toast, and fruit. Create a table with two columns, one for the breakfast item and the other for the reason you would choose it.
5 Leena has a table listing various tasks for a project. She realises that some cells contain related subtasks that need to be grouped together. Which feature of Google Docs should she use to create a cleaner layout?
Mail Merge
In the last chapter, you were planning a birthday party for your classmate, Sarah. You used tables in Google Docs to plan the party activities with their time and description.
Imagine that you want to invite ten friends of Sarah’s to the party. You have already prepared the itinerary for the party in the last chapter. In this chapter, you will prepare an invitation with all the details of the party and then, send this invitation to all your friends.
You have two ways to send this letter to everyone. You can either send a common letter without any personal touch, like their name or contact number, or you can send the same invitation to everyone with their name or contact number.
Which do you think will be the better option?
Sending the personalised invitation letters will be a better way.
This can be achieved through a feature of Google Docs called Mail Merge.
Discuss!
What would be a better idea—writing an invitation by yourself or doing this job using Mail Merge?
Mail Merge is a tool in Google Docs that helps you send the same letter or document to many people.
Mail Merge involves two documents:
1. Main Document: The first file is the main document. In our case, this will be the invitation
2. Datasource: The second document will contain the information of the friends who are invited to the party. We will call this Document List of Friends. This list will be stored in a file, as a spreadsheet, with separate fields for each type of information.
When you use Mail Merge, it takes information from the Google Sheets and inserts it into the empty spaces in the letter, one by one, until all the letters are ready to be sent.
Main Document
The main document contains the text that is to be sent to all the recipients. In our case, we will refer to this document as Invite. This will remain the same in all the letters you send.
How to Create the Main Document
In our case, this will be the invitation letter for Sarah’s birthday party which needs to be sent to ten of her friends. Let us prepare it.
The steps to do this are as follows:
1. Open Google Docs on your computer.
2. Click on the Blank button. This will open a blank document in which you can type the invitation.
3. Type a unique name in the Title bar for the document.
4. Click on the page and place your cursor where you want to start typing.
5. Type your message.
Sarah's 11th Birthday Party
Date: September 18, 2023
Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Venue: 5-A Classroom
Dear * name*
Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah.
I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party. I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule.
Please see if your phone number is correct: *phone no.* This will let me call you in case I need any help.
6. Copy the itinerary table that we created in the last chapter and paste it in this document. This will be our invite that we need to send to ten friends.
9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Set up Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Let us make this a memorable birthday for her.
Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)
Sarah's 11th Birthday Party
Date: September 18, 2023
Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Venue: 5-A Classroom
Dear * name*
Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah.
I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party.
I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule.
Please see if your phone number is correct: *phone no.* This will let me call you in case I need any help.
Time
Activity
9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Set up
10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m. – 12:00 Noon
Let us make this a memorable birthday for her.
Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)
Datasource
Description
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
A datasource is the list of recipients to whom you want to send the invite. In this example, we have named it the List of Friends.
The datasource contains the details of the recipients like name, address, phone number, etc., that will be used in your mail merge.
How to Create a Datasource
In our example, the datasource will be the list of ten friends who will receive the invitation letter. Let us prepare the recipients list (invitee list) for Sarah’s birthday party. Follow these steps to do this:
1. Open Google Chrome.
2. Type sheets.google.com in the address bar and press the Enter key.
3. Click on the Blank button. This will open a blank sheet in which you can enter the list of ten friends.
4. Type a unique name in the Title bar. In this case, we have named the sheet List of Friends
5. Type the name of the column headings in the first row of the sheet. In our case, this will be the Name, Contact no., Email ID.
6. Type in the details of ten friends in the respective columns, as already shown.
⇒
After you have you have entered the details of all ten friends, go back to the Invite in the Google Docs.
How to Add the List of Friends in the Invite
Before adding the List of Friends in the invite, you need to add a Mail Merge extension in it. Follow the given steps to add the Mail Merge extension:
1. Click on the Extensions menu from the menu bar.
2. Click on the Add-ons option.
3. Click on Get
4. The Google Workspace Marketplace dialog box will appear. Scroll down and look for the Mail Merge extension and click on it. If it is not visible, type ‘Mail Merge’ in the Search apps box.
5. The information of the extension will appear. Click on the Install button.
6. The Get ready to install pop-up box will appear. Click on the CONTINUE button.
7. It will ask for sign-in information. Click on the email registered with Google Docs.
8. It will then ask for permission to access your Google account. Give permission by clicking on the Allow button.
9. The installation process will start and within a few seconds, Mail Merge extension will be installed. Click on the DONE button in the pop-up box.
10. The Google Workspace Marketplace dialog box will reappear with the Uninstall button. Close the Google Workspace Marketplace dialog box.
After adding the Mail Merge extension, follow the given steps to merge the Invite and List of Friends:
1. Click on Extensions > Mail Merge > Start.
2. This will open the Mail Merge pane. Click on the Open Spreadsheet button.
You can also click on the Create Sheet button to create a sheet at this stage.
3. The Select a Spreadsheet File dialog box appears displaying a list of spreadsheets available on your Google Drive. Search for the spreadsheet you want to use for Mail Merge. In our case, it is the List of Friends. Click on the file to select the file.
4. Click on the Select button.
In the Mail Merge pane, you will see the List of Friends is the name of the selected sheet, which is currently active for Mail Merge.
Think and Tell
What can be the recipient list if you are sending a report card through Mail Merge?
Do It Yourself 5A
1 Find these words in the word grid.
2 Answer the following questions.
a What is the main document in Mail Merge?
b Name the menu used to add the Mail Merge extension.
Inserting Merge Fields
Once you attach the Invite to the List of Friends, you can merge fields to personalise a document with information from the List of Friends. You need to insert fields that are stored in the Name and Contact no.
columns from the List of Friends sheet into the Invite.
A Merge Field is where you want to insert information from a spreadsheet document or datasource into a main document.
The steps to insert merge fields are given below:
1. Click on the drop-down arrow of the Sheet option to choose a particular sheet in the Mail Merge pane. There may be many sheets in a Google Sheets file.
2. Click on the Merge Field drop-down arrow to select the field you want to use in your Invite
3. Click on the Add button. Before this, you need to place the cursor where you want to use that field in the Invite. For example, in our Invite, you want to write name in every letter after the word Dear In the Invite, you will see the field name enclosed in *|fieldname|*. Your document Invite will look like the picture given below.
4. Similarly, add other fields also.
Sarah's 11th Birthday Party
Date: September 18, 2023
Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Venue: 5-A Classroom
Dear * (name) *
Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah.
I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party. I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule.
Please see if your phone number is correct: * (phone no.) * This will let me call you in case I need any help.
Let us make this a memorable birthday for her.
Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)
5. Click on the Options button on the Mail Merge pane. The Options pop-up box will open. It will let you choose how you want to display your merged letters or emails.
6. Click on the Merge Letters Into drop-down list. This will allow you to choose how you want your letters to be merged: whether you want all the letters in a single document or if you prefer a separate file for every letter.
7. Select the Single document (merge all rows into a single file) option.
8. Click on the My Drive option. This will save the merged document to your drive.
9. Click on the Save button. It will save the document.
10. The Mail Merge pane will appear again. Click on the Show Email Settings button if you want to send the letters as emails.
11. Select the Letters option from the Merge to list box because we want to send our invites as letters.
12. Click on the Merge button. It will merge Invite with the List of Friends.
Viewing Merge Fields
1. Once you click the Merge button in the Mail Merge pane, a pop-up box will be displayed, prompting you to confirm the merging of the letters. Click on the Yes button.
A pop-up box displaying that the merging process has started will appear. Once the merge is completed, another pop-up indicating a successful merge will be displayed.
2. In this pop-up box, you’ll see the document name where all merged letters are stored. Click on the blue link to access all the merged letters in that file.
This is how you can use Mail Merge in your documents. Like the letters, you can also create envelopes and emails.
Sarah's 11th Birthday Party
Date: September 18, 2023
Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon Venue: 5-A Classroom
Dear Raj
Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah.
I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party.
I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule.
Please see if your phone number is correct: 1234567890 This will let me call you in case I need any help.
Time
9:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. Set up Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m. – 12:00 Noon
Let us make this a memorable birthday for her.
Regards, (your name) (your phone no.)
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
Printing Letters
After merging the letters, you can take printouts of the letters. To take the printout of merged letters, follow the steps given below:
1. Open the Invite.
2. Click on the Print icon on the Toolbar. The Print dialog box opens. Choose suitable options from the Print dialog box.
3. Click on the Print button to print the letters.
Sarah's 11th Birthday Party
Date: September 18, 2023
Time: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 Noon
Venue: 5-A Classroom
Dear Raj
Our classmate Sarah's 11th birthday is around the corner. I think we should get together and surprise her with a party. Thus, I am inviting you to join me in planning and throwing a great party for Sarah.
I have already taken our class teacher's permission. She has allowed us to use our classroom as the place to host the party.
I need a few volunteers for planning the activities as per the following schedule.
Please see if your phone number is correct: 1234567890 This will let me call you in case I need any help.
Activity Description
Set up the party hall with balloons and decorative items.
10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m. – 12:00 Noon
Games
Allow the friends to sit down and socialise over food and drinks.
Friends can bond with each other during some games.
Do It Yourself 5B
1 Rearrange the steps of Mail Merge in the correct order (1–5).
Prepare a list of friends. Insert merge fields. Prepare the invite.
Print the letters. View the letters.
2 Write T for True and F for false.
a You can merge a letter for only five people at a time.
b After merging the letters in Google Docs, you can take a printout.
c You cannot save the merged letters.
Points to Remember
1 Mail Merge is a tool that can send a common letter to different recipients with personalised information merged into it.
2 The two documents required for Mail Merge are the main document and the datasource.
3 The main document contains the text that will remain the same for all recipients.
4 The datasource contains details of the recipients like name, address, phone number, etc., that will be used in your mail merge.
5 A datasource can be created using any spreadsheet application.
6 Fields from the datasource can be extracted and merged with the main document.
7 Using Mail Merge, you can create emails, letters, and envelopes.
8 You have the option to either create a separate document for each letter or consolidate all the letters into a single document.
9 You can print all the letters with the personalised information included in them.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
1 Mail Merge is used to send the same letter to multiple
2 The will remain the same for all the recipients.
3 A shows all the records to be used in mail merge.
4 Fields can be merged to the main document with the information fetched from the recipient list.
5 Before printing, you can your letters to check the appearance of your document.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 What is Mail Merge?
a Sending one letter to many people at a time.
b Sending many personalised letters at once.
c Writing a story with a pen.
d Sending emails to one person at a time.
2 What will you put in the datasource?
a List of your favourite games.
b Details which will be merged with the letters.
c Different documents from your computer.
d List of your school subjects.
3 What are merge fields in Mail Merge?
a All fields of the datasource.
b Information inserted from the datasource.
c Information from the main document.
d Sender names
4 What are the main steps of Mail Merge?
a Prepare the main document.
b Prepare the datasource.
c Insert merge field.
d All of these.
5 You can view the merged fields .
a by checking the main document only.
b by checking the datasource only.
c by checking the document which is created after merging.
d by checking the main document before merging.
C. Who Am I?
1 I will help you to send the same personalised letter to different recipients.
2 I am the common document for all the recipients.
3 I am the document which will have the details about the recipients in it.
4 I am a button in the Mail Merge pane that helps you to insert the merge field in the main document.
5 I am an icon in the Toolbar that allows you to take a hard copy of every letter.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 To add Mail Merge extension in Google Docs, click on the Extensions menu.
2 Insert Merge Fields is the step where you put your own name in the letter.
3 Before starting to merge the fields, you need to create a datasource.
4 You cannot use an already created datasource in a Mail Merge.
5 You can view all the letters in one document after merging.
E. Answer the Following.
1 What is the importance of Mail Merge?
2 What is a datasource? Why do we need it in the Mail Merge?
3 What is a main document?
4 What are the main steps to use Mail Merge?
5 What are the merge fields?
F. Apply Your Learning.
1 Rita wants to invite her friends to a party. She wants to prepare a letter that can be sent to all her friends. What is the term for the document, that will contain the same content for each recipient?
2 Monika wants to prepare a list of her friends who will join her at a party. Where should she prepare that list so that it can be merged with the common letter?
3 Manan is organising a pool party for his friends. What would the merged fields be, so that every letter would have a personalised touch?
4 Jai has collected some jokes to share with his friends. He has created a list containing the email addresses of his friends. What do we call this list in the context of Mail Merge?
5 Pihu has created a document and she used Mail Merge to send it to all of her friends. She wants to send these letters as an email. Is it possible for her to do it? How?
Applying Animation Effects
Animation effects are like magic tricks for text, images, or other objects on a computer screen. They make objects move, change their size, or appear and disappear in a fun and interesting way. People use animation effects to make websites, games, and even educational videos more interesting and engaging. Animations are special visual effects that you add to text and different objects on a slide.
To apply animation effects in Google Slides:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides, create a new presentation or open your existing one. (https://slides.google.com/)
2. Insert an object: Create or select the object (text, image, shape, etc.) to which you want to add an animation.
3. Motion pane: Click on the Insert menu from the menu bar. Select the Animation option from the drop-down list. The Motion pane will open on the right-hand side.
4. Choose an animation: In the Motion pane, go to the Object Animations section. Here, the first option is Animation type. Click on this option and select an animation from the drop-down list.
5. Start condition: The next option is the Start condition. Select one of the following options from the drop-down list:
On click: Animation starts when you click on the slide.
After previous: Animation starts after the previous animation ends.
With previous: Animation starts with the previous animation.
6. Applying animation to text: If the object is a placeholder or text box, the By paragraph checkbox will be displayed. If this checkbox is checked, each paragraph of text in the box will be displayed one-by-one. Otherwise, the entire box will be displayed at once.
7. Add more animations: Select an object and click on the Add animation option.
8. Preview the animation: Click on the Play button to check how that animation effect works on the selected object.
Google Slides allows you to add a “Spin” animation to objects, which can make them rotate like a spinning wheel. This animation can be a creative way to draw attention to specific elements in your presentation, and it’s a fun way to add a little extra flair to your slides. So, if you want to make an object in your presentation spin like magic, you can do it with Google Slides!
Applying Transitions
Transitions in presentations refer to the visual effects that occur when you move from one slide to another within a presentation. Using transitions in presentations enhances flow, engages the audience, and adds visual appeal.
The way one slide follows the other on the screen in a presentation is called transition.
To add transitions to your presentations:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides, open a new presentation or an existing one.
2. Select a slide: Click on the Slide in the Slide Navigation pane on the left-hand side of the screen. This is the slide to which you want to add a transition.
3. Transition panel: In the menu bar, click on “Slide” and then select “Transition.” A sidebar on the right will appear with various transition options. Alternatively, you can right-click on the selected slide from the Slide Navigation pane and click on the Transition option.
4. Choose a transition: In the Transition sidebar, under “Transition,” you can select the type of transition effect you want from the drop-down menu. You can choose from options like “Dissolve”, “Fade”, “Cube” and more.
5. Set transition options (optional): Depending on the transition you choose, you may have additional options to customise the transition. For example, you might be able to select the duration of the transition by dragging the slider.
6. Apply the transition: If you want the transition to apply to all slides, click the “Apply to all slides” button. If you do not click this button, the transition will be applied to the current slide only.
7. Preview the transition: You can preview the transition by clicking the Play button in the Transition sidebar to see what it will look like when you move from one slide to another.
Did You Know?
Whatever you do on Google Slides gets automatically saved.
To know how to apply transitions, scan this QR code.
When you make a presentation on Google Slides, what is the most common transition that you use and why is it your favourite?
Inserting Multimedia
Multimedia refers to the combination of multiple forms of content, such as text, audio, video, images, etc. We can insert multimedia in Google Slides to convey information or engage the audience. Let’s learn how to insert audio and video in Google Slides.
Inserting Sounds
Sound can capture the audience’s attention and make the presentation more engaging and memorable. It can create a dynamic and immersive experience, especially for multimedia presentations.
To add sounds to your presentations:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides, create a new presentation or open an existing one.
2. Upload an audio file: You can upload an audio file to Google Drive by opening the link drive.google.com > clicking on the New button > selecting the File upload option > selecting the audio file to upload > click Open.
3. Insert audio: Once you have uploaded an audio file, click on the slide where you want to add sound. Then, from the menu bar, click on Insert and select the Audio option from the drop-down menu.
4. Select the audio: After selecting the Audio option, the Insert audio window will open. Select the audio file that you want to add and click on the Insert button.
5. The Speaker icon on the slide indicates that the audio file is attached to your presentation. You can play it using the Play button.
Did You Know?
In Google Slides, you can use Google’s sound effects library for fun and creative additions to your presentations, including applause, drumrolls, and animal noises. No need to search for external audio clips. It is all there for added humour and surprise!
1 What does the speaker icon on the slide indicate?
2 What is the use of inserting sound in presentations? Do It Yourself 6C
Inserting Videos
Adding videos to a presentation can make it stand out in several ways. Videos can break the monotony of text and static images, making the content more engaging. While videos can make your presentation unique and interesting, it is important to use them thoughtfully and ensure they are relevant to your topic and add meaning to your message.
To insert videos into your presentations:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides, create a new presentation or open an existing one.
2. Select a slide: Click on the slide where you want to add the video. This is the slide where the video will appear.
3. Insert a video: Click on Insert in the menu bar. Choose Video from the drop-down menu.
4. Choose a video source: You can choose one of the following options from the Insert video dialog box.
YouTube: Look for a video on YouTube by typing keywords in the search box.
Google Drive: You can also insert an uploaded video from your Google Drive.
URL: You can paste the URL of a specific YouTube video or the link of an uploaded video from Google Drive in the search bar.
5. Select the video: Select the video you want to insert in the slide.
6. Insert the video: Click the Insert button. The video will now appear on your slide.
Play the video: You can see the inserted video on the slide. Click on the Play button.
Explore More!
To learn how to embed videos in a presentation, scan this QR code.
Think and Tell
What is the importance of videos? Should they be used or avoided? Present your opinion.
Do It Yourself 6D
Fill in the blanks.
1 To insert a video, click on in the menu bar and then from the drop-down menu.
2 You can paste the of a specific YouTube video in the search bar.
Advanced Features of Google Slides
Google Slides offers advanced features to boost productivity and creativity. Some of these advanced features include using action buttons, importing data from various sources, using a dictionary to use content with good vocabulary, adding comments for collaborative feedback, using the ink annotation feature to mark or highlight important information in a presentation, etc. Let us learn about these features one by one.
Using Action Buttons
Action buttons in a presentation are like magic buttons. You can use them to make your slides more interactive. You can set action buttons to open external content, such as a website, another PowerPoint presentation, a document, a spreadsheet, and much more.
Here’s how you do it:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides, open your presentation.
2. Select a slide: Click on the slide where you want to add an action button. This is the slide where the button will appear.
3. Insert a shape:
Click on Insert in the menu bar.
Choose Shape from the drop-down menu.
4. Choose a shape: Select a shape that you want to use as an action button. For example, you can use rectangles, circles, arrows, or any other shape you like. Here, we have chosen the Arrows shape.
5. Draw the shape: Click and drag on the slide to draw the shape. This will be the action button.
6. Add a link: With the button selected, click on Insert in the menu bar. Choose Link from the drop-down menu. In the Link dialog box, you can add a link to a specific slide such as the Previous Slide or Slide 1 in your presentation. You can also add a link to websites by pasting its URL in the Search bar.
7. Test the button: To test the action button, click the Slideshow button at the top right-hand corner of Google Slides and go to the slide with the action button that you have created. Click on the button to see it in action.
Did You Know?
You can use action button in Google Slides not only for navigation but also to create interactive games and quizzes, making your presentation fun and engaging for your audience.
Discuss!
If you are given an option to choose the shape for an action button you would like to insert in your presentation, which one would you select and why do you think it will be suitable?
Do It Yourself 6E
1 Name the menu you click to select an action button.
2 How do we add an action for a button we have chosen?
Importing Data
Importing data into a presentation is the process of bringing external content or data into your own presentation. Importing slides helps to add slides from another presentation to your current presentation. You can also import data from Google Sheets into your Google Slides presentation.
To import data from Google Sheets:
1. Open Google Slides: Open Google Slides by visiting the link (slides.google.com) to create a new presentation or to open an existing one.
2. Open Google Sheets: To import data from Google Sheets, first visit the link https://docs.google.com/ spreadsheets/ to open Google Sheets.
3. Copy the data you want to insert in your presentation from Google Sheets by selecting Copy option from the Edit menu.
4. Select a slide: Click on the slide where you want to import your data. This is the slide where the data will appear.
5. Right-click on the blank space on the slide and click on Paste.
6. A Paste table dialog box will appear on the screen. Click on the Link to spreadsheet radio button and then click on the Paste button. The data from the spreadsheet will be displayed on the selected slide.
7. A linked table appears on the slide as shown.
Do It Yourself 6F
Write T for True and F for False.
1 Importing slides helps to add slides from another presentation to your current presentation.
2 You cannot import data into Google Slides from any other data source other than Google Slides.
Adding Comments
Adding comments is a helpful feature for collaboration and feedback. It allows you to annotate your presentation slides with notes, feedback, or explanations. Comments facilitate collaboration among multiple authors or reviewers working on the same presentation.
To add comments in a presentation:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides (slides.google.com), open the presentation where you want to add comments.
2. Select the slide: Click on the slide where you want to leave a comment. This is the slide you will be commenting on.
3. Add a comment:
Click on Insert in the menu bar.
Choose Comment from the drop-down menu.
4. Type your comment: A comment box will appear on the right-hand side of the slide. Type your comment in the box.
5. Save the comment: Click the Comment button to save your comment.
6. Reply to comments: You can see all the comments on the right-hand side of the slide. To reply to a comment, click on it and type your response in the comment box. Click the Reply button.
The Comment feature of Google Slides is handy for getting feedback from teachers, classmates, or anyone you are working with on a presentation.
Discuss!
In your opinion, what is more beneficial while giving feedback or taking notes, written comments or verbal comments?
Do It Yourself 6G
Fill in the blanks.
1 To add a comment, click on in the menu bar and then choose from the drop-down menu.
2 To save your comment in the Comment box, click the button.
Dictionary
Using the “Dictionary” feature in presentations can help you learn more about words or phrases used in your presentation. This allows you to quickly access definitions, explanations, and other relevant information about a word or phrase within your presentation.
1. Open Google Slides: Go to Google Slides (slides.google.com) and open your presentation.
2. Select a word or phrase: Click on the word or phrase in your slide that you want to look up. This is the word you want more information about.
3. Access dictionary: Right-click on the selected word or phrase. From the context menu that appears, choose Define.
4. Review the results: A sidebar on the right-hand side will open with search results from the web. You will see definitions and information related to the word or phrase you selected.
5. Close dictionary: To close the Dictionary sidebar, click the “X” button in the top-right corner of the sidebar.
6. Continue editing: After you have found the information you need, you can continue editing your presentation.
Write T for True and F for False.
1 To access the Dictionary feature, right click on the word and choose “Define” from the context menu.
2 To close the Dictionary sidebar, click the “-” in the top right-hand corner of the sidebar.
Ink Annotation
Ink annotation in presentations is like drawing or writing on the slides with colourful pens, just like we do on paper. It helps to make your presentation interactive and interesting because you can draw or highlight things to show everyone what is really important.
To use Ink Annotation:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides (slides.google.com) open your presentation.
2. Enable ink annotation: Click on View in the menu bar. Choose Slideshow from the drop-down menu.
3. Access the annotation tool: At the bottom left of the screen, click the three-dots menu and select the Turn on the pen option to activate the ink annotation tool.
4. Draw or write: Click and hold the mouse button (if you are using a computer) or use your finger or a stylus (if you are using a touch-enabled device) to draw or write directly on the slide.
You can erase annotations by selecting the Eraser tool in the bottom left viewer menu.
Explore More!
To learn how to use the Annotation tool, scan this QR code.
Think and Tell
Do ink annotations make the work of the presenter easy or tough? Present your opinion.
Slide Zoom Feature
Slide zoom in presentation makes a small part of your slides look enlarged on the screen. It is like using a magnifying glass to show something important.
To use the Slide Zoom feature:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides, open your presentation.
2. Select View: Click on View in the menu bar. Choose Zoom menu from the drop-down menu.
3. Select zoom sizes:
Zoom In: To make the content on a slide appear larger, choose the Zoom in option. Or Press the “=” key again and again while you hold the “Ctrl” key. This action will increase the zoom in percentage.
Zoom Out: To make the content on a slide appear smaller, choose the Zoom out option. Or Press the “–” key again and again while you hold the “Ctrl” key. This action will increase the zoom out percentage.
To learn how to use zoom options, scan this QR code.
Rearranging Slides
Rearranging slides means changing the order of your slides in your presentation.
To rearrange slides in a presentation, you can follow these simple steps:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides (slides.google.com) open your presentation.
2. View the Slide Sorter: At the bottom left-hand corner of the screen, click on the Grid view icon. This is the Slide Sorter view.
3. Select a slide: Click on the slide you want to move. It will be outlined or highlighted when selected.
4. Drag and drop: Click and hold the selected slide. Drag and drop it to the new position where you want it to be in the presentation.
You can rearrange your slides by selecting the slide in the Slide Navigation pane and using the keyboard shortcuts (Ctrl + Up/Down arrows) to rearrange slides in Google Slides. This makes it even faster and easier to organise your presentation. Did You Know?
Viewing a Presentation
Viewing a presentation means to watch the slides in action. It is when you sit and watch what is on the screen or the board while someone talks about it. The presenter might show pictures, talk about a topic, or share a story. You can pay attention, listen, and maybe ask questions if you are curious. It is an opportunity to learn, be entertained, or gain insights from what is being shared by the presenter.
To view a presentation:
1. Open Google Slides: In Google Slides (slides.google.com) open your presentation.
2. Running slideshow: Click on View in the menu bar. Choose Slideshow from the drop-down menu.
3. Navigate through slides: To move to the next slide, you can click anywhere on the slide, press the Spacebar key, or use the right arrow key on your keyboard.
4. End the presentation: To end the presentation, press the Esc key on your keyboard or click the “X” button at the top of the screen.
5. Close Google Slides: When you are done with your presentation, you can close Google Slides by clicking the “X” button of the tab.
Do It Yourself 6I
Arrange the following steps for viewing a presentation in the correct order.
Running a slideshow
Close Google Slides
Navigate through slides
Open your presentation in Google Slides
End the presentation
Points to Remember
1 Animations are special visual effects that you add to text and different objects on a slide.
2 The way one slide follows the other on the screen in a presentation is called transition.
3 Once you have uploaded an audio file, click on the slide where you want to add sound. Then, from the menu bar, click on Insert and select the Audio option from the drop-down menu.
4 To insert a video in the Google Slides, you can choose one of the following options from the Insert video dialog box: YouTube, Google Drive, or URL.
5 Action buttons in a presentation are like magic buttons. You can set action buttons to open external content, such as a website, another PowerPoint presentation, a document, a spreadsheet, and much more.
6 Importing data into a presentation is the process of bringing external content or data into your presentation.
7 The Dictionary feature of Google Slides allows you to quickly access definitions, explanations, and other relevant information about a word or phrase within your presentation.
8 Ink annotation in presentations is like drawing or writing on the slides with colourful pens.
9 Viewing a presentation means to watch the slides in action.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
Hints
1 To zoom in a slide, first click on in the menu bar and then choose the option from the drop-down menu.
2 The feature of Google Slides allows you to quickly access definitions, explanations, and other relevant information about a word or phrase.
3 Click on the button to check how an animation effect works on the selected object.
4 To insert a video, click on in the menu bar.
5 The Grid view icon at the bottom left corner of the screen enables the view.
B. Write T for True and F for False.
1 To start the slideshow in Google Slides, click on “View” and then “Motion”.
2 Animation effects help us add links to our slides.
3 Videos can only be inserted in slides by adding video URLs.
4 Viewing a presentation means to watch the slides in action.
5 One cannot add comments in slides.
D. Answer the Following.
1 Explain the Dictionary feature of Google Slides.
2 What is the use of Action buttons?
3 Explain the three types of sources of videos that can be inserted in a slide.
4 Differentiate between animation and transition.
5 What do you mean by importing data in a presentation?
E.
1 Mahima is presenting her slides in the classroom. She wants to write and highlight a few points with the mouse directly in her slide. Name the feature of Google Slides that can help her achieve this.
2 Keerat wants to zoom in on her presentation slide. What shortcut key must she use to do so?
3 Reena wants to give a presentation to her students. She gets caught on a word she does not understand while giving a presentation. Which feature of Google Slides will be helpful to her?
4 Tina has created a presentation in Google Slides. She then sends the presentation to her teacher for her to review. The teacher leaves comments on the slides for Tina. How can Tina respond to those comments?
Introduction to Canva
In this chapter, we will explore the exciting world of image editing with Canva. Canva is a user-friendly online tool that allows you to create and edit images, design cards, and make various visual projects. You can use Canva for doing a variety of things like creating and editing cards, videos, docs, presentations, etc.
Card: In Canva, cards are like digital or printable greeting cards. They are special images with words and designs that you can create for birthdays, holidays, or other occasions. You can create these cards with the help of Canva.
Before creating a blank card, we should know the dimensions of the card because this helps us decide how big or small our card will be. It is like choosing the right-sized paper for drawing a picture.
So, here are some commonly used dimensions for creating a card:
Standard Greeting Card
Card (Thank-You Card)
Card (Invitation)
Did You Know?
Opening Canva
inches × 7 inches
Before we start making cards, let us learn how to open Canva. To start Canva:
1. Open your web browser like Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox.
2. Type www.canva.com in the Address bar and press Enter. Following screen will appear.
Canva was co-founded by Melanie Perkins and Cliff Obrecht. They started Canva in 2012.
Creating a Blank Card
Creating a blank card in Canva means starting with an empty canvas where you can design your own card from scratch.
Steps to follow to create a blank card are:
1. On the Home page of Canva, click on the Create a design button.
2. Click on the Custom Size button and enter the dimensions according to the project that you want to create.
3. The Canva editor window with a blank canvas for designing will open:
Components of Canva Editor Window
1. Canvas: This is the central workspace where you design your card. It is a blank or customisable area where you add and arrange card elements.
2. Design: There is a design tool having different types of templates and styles to make your card beautiful. It provides access to a wide range of professionally designed templates and style options.
3. Elements: The Elements section offers a wide range of design elements, including photos, videos, stickers, shapes, and icons. You can search and browse for elements to enhance the visual appeal of your project.
4. Text tools: These tools allow you to add and edit text on your card. You can change fonts, sizes, styles, colours, and alignment for your card’s text.
5. Zoom controls: You can use Zoom controls to get a closer look at your card design or to see the entire card at once.
6. Notes: You can add notes to your project to keep track of ideas, reminders, or specific instructions. Notes are useful for collaborating with others on your project.
7. Preview: The Preview option allows you to see how your design will appear after finishing. It is a useful tool for reviewing your design before finalising it, ensuring everything looks just right.
8. Draw: This tab allows you to create freehand drawings or sketches directly on your canvas. You can choose different brush sizes, colours, and opacities to customise your drawings.
Applying Templates in Canva
Templates are the ready-made designs available in Canva to help you start your project. It is similar to colouring in a colouring book where the outlines are already there, and you add your colours and details.
Follow the given steps to create a design using a template:
1. Click on the Design tab in the left-hand side bar.
2. Click on the Templates tab.
3. Click on the category of templates. You can get more categories by clicking on the ‘>’ button. You can also search a particular category by typing the name in the Search templates box.
4. Click on a template that you like for your card. The template applies to the canvas with default text and design. Here, a template for Birthday Card has been selected.
5. You can make the changes to personalise the design following your requirements.
Applying Styles in Canva
Styles provide a unique look to your project. Canva provides you with special colour combinations and font styles that you can use to make your project look appealing and special.
To apply styles:
1. Click on a particular shape or text to which you want to apply the style.
2. Now, click on the Styles tab in the left-hand panel.
3. Select any colour combination from the Color palettes and font style from the Font sets sections, respectively.
4. The changes will be applied to your design as shown.
Do It Yourself 7A
Match the component of Canva with its correct description.
1 Notes Different types of templates and styles
2 Design Wide range of design elements
3 Canvas Notes to keep track of ideas, reminders, etc.
4 Elements Central workspace
Adding Shapes and Graphics
By adding lines, shapes, and graphics in Canva, you can design and modify the template used in your design. These can be lines that go straight or curvy, shapes like circles or stars, and pictures or icons that make your work interesting.
Follow the given steps:
1. Click on the Elements tab on the left-hand side of the screen. You will find a variety of options, including lines, shapes, and graphics.
2. Click on the one you want to add.
3. Click on the desired element that you want to add in your design. The selected element will appear on the canvas. You can click on it and drag it to the desired place where you want to keep it.
4. Move and resize the element as needed to fit your design. ou can also change its colours and other details to match your project.
Discuss!
Imagine you are designing a Christmas card for your best friend. What elements would you include in the card, and how would you make it special?
Editing Image
Editing an image in Canva means making changes to a picture to make it look better or different. It includes editing the colour scheme and style, cropping, and flipping an image. Canva offers tools to help you enhance images for your card or project.
Changing Colour Scheme and Style
To make any changes to the image, you need to upload it onto your canvas. You can select any image that is saved on your computer. To bring the image to your canvas, follow the steps:
1. Click on the Uploads tab from the left-hand panel.
2. Click on the Upload files button. The Open dialog box will appear.
3. Select the image you want to edit in Canva and click on the Open button. Your image will appear below the Upload files button.
4. Click on the uploaded image. The image will appear on the Canvas.
5. Select the image on the Canvas to open the editing menu.
6. Click on the Edit photo button on the editing menu. On the left-hand side, a pane will appear containing effects and filters.
7. Look for options like Filters or Effects.
8. A list of different filters and effects will appear. Click on the one you would like to apply to your image.
9. Experiment with different filters and effects until your image looks the way you want it.
Flipping an Image
Flipping an image means creating a mirrored or reversed version of the original image. Steps to follow for flipping an image:
1. Select the image you want to flip.
2. Click on the Flip button.
3. Choose whether you want to flip the image horizontally or vertically by clicking on Flip horizontal or Flip vertical.
The image will flip according to your choice.
Auto-adjust, Foreground, Background
There are many options that you can apply to your design to make it attractive. You can change the foreground and background of the image. Also, you can select the option to auto-adjust various aspects of your image. Let us apply these effects to the image that you have added in your design.
Steps to follow:
1. Select the image you want to edit.
2. Click on the Edit photo button.
3. Click on the Adjust tab. You will find options like Auto-adjust, Foreground, Background, and more.
4. Click on the option you want to use.
5. Canva will automatically adjust the photo based on the option you selected.
6. You can finetune the adjustments if needed.
White Balance, Light, Colour
To adjust the brightness of the image, various options are available. Follow the given steps:
1. Select the photo you want to edit.
2. Click on the Edit photo option.
3. Click on the Adjust tab.
4. Look for the options like Whites, Blacks, Light, Colour. Click on the option you want to adjust.
5. Use the sliders or settings to change the white balance, brightness, colours, or texture of the photo.
Learn how to use texture and pattern in
Cropping and Rotating an Image
You can also crop and rotate your image in Canva. Cropping means to remove the unwanted parts from your image so that you can focus on the important area of your image.
Follow the given steps to crop the image:
1. Select the image you want to crop in Canva.
2. Click on the Edit photo button to open the editing menu.
3. Click on the Crop tab. You will see handles or corners around the image.
4. Click and drag these handles to select the part of the image you want to keep.
5. Adjust the cropping area until it looks the way you want.
Canva.
6. You can choose Smart Crop to automatically adjust the cropping for the best look.
Or, you can pick an Aspect Ratio to crop the photo in a specific shape.
7. To rotate the photo, use the Rotate option and rotate the image according to your requirement.
Think and Tell
Suppose you have taken a picture using your digital camera. How could you use Canva to enhance it or add a creative touch?
Do It Yourself 7B
What is the difference between flip and crop operations in Canva?
Points to Remember
1 Canva is a user-friendly online tool that allows you to create and edit images, design cards, and make various visual projects.
2 Cards in Canva are special images with words and designs.
3 Canvas is the central workspace where you design your card.
4 Templates are the ready-made designs available in Canva to help you start your project.
5 Styles provide a unique look to your project in Canva.
6 By adding lines, shapes, and other graphics in Canva, you can design and modify the template used in your design.
7 Editing an image in Canva means making changes to a picture to make it look better or different.
8 Flipping an image means creating a mirrored or reversed version of the original image.
9 Cropping means to remove the unwanted parts from your image so that you can focus on the important area of your image.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
d Design Hints
1 A card is like a special for sending messages to loved ones.
2 The button is used to start creating a design.
3 The tab provides access to a wide range of professionally designed templates and style options.
4 You can use controls to get a closer look at your card design.
5 an image means creating a mirrored or reversed version of the original image.
B. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 What is Canva primarily used for?
a Creating and editing images
c Playing video games
2 What does cropping an image in Canva involve?
a Removing all parts of the image
c Changing the image’s size
3 What is canvas in Canva?
a It is a toolbar
c It is a set of elements
b Baking cakes
d Sending emails
b Selecting the part you want to keep
d Adding new elements to the image
b It is a sidebar
d It is the working area where you create your project
4 Which tab in Canva allows you to add lines, shapes, and graphics to your project?
a Draw
c Elements
b Text
5 Which tab allows you to upload an image from your computer to Canva?
a Uploads
c Templates
C. Who Am I?
1 I am a tool in Canva that flips things around.
2 I am used to adjust the size and shape of an image.
3 I allow you to customise the size of your canvas.
4 I am the space where you create your design.
5 I can automatically adjust the cropping for the best look.
b Design
d None of these
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Canvas is not a part of the Canva editor window.
2 You cannot specify the dimensions of the canvas in Canva.
3 Templates are ready-made designs.
4 You can change colours and fonts in Canva templates to make your project unique.
5 Cropping an image means selecting the part you want to remove.
E. Answer the Following.
1 What is Canva primarily used for?
2 What does editing an image mean?
3 Differentiate between flipping and cropping an image.
4 What is the purpose of applying templates in Canva?
5 What are the two flipping options in Canva?
1 Lisa is designing a birthday card for her friend using Canva. What steps should she follow to create a blank canvas of dimensions 5 inches by 7 inches?
2 Jake is adding a picture of his pet dog to his Canva project. Which option should he use to flip the image horizontally to create a mirrored effect?
3 Mike is editing a photo of his vacation in Canva. He wants to make the image brighter and adjust the colours. Which Canva tool should he use for this purpose?
4 James has designed a fantastic birthday card for his sister, but he wants to change the font style and colour of the text. Where can he find the options to achieve this in Canva?
5 Sofia wants to adjust the cropping of a picture in Canva. Explain the steps she should follow to crop the image to focus on a specific part.
Artificial Intelligence
Imagine a robot or computer that can think and do smart things, like recognising objects, listening to commands, and taking appropriate actions, automating several daily routine tasks, and many more. All of this is possible because of Artificial Intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence is the capability of a machine, typically a computer or a robot, to mimic human intelligence. Let us learn how it all started.
Evolution of AI
The evolution of AI is its story, how AI got smarter and better over time. Let us learn when AI came into existence and how it was developed into the form that we see today.
1. Initial AI (1950s–1960s): AI came into existence in the 1950s. It could only do very simple things, like adding numbers together or following basic instructions. It was not very smart.
2. Learning AI (1970s–1980s): As time went on, people taught AI to learn from information and data on its own. It became better at recognising patterns, like telling the difference between a cat and a dog in pictures.
3. Talking AI (1990s–2000s): AI learnt to talk and understand human language. It could answer questions and have conversations with people, like the chatbots you might have seen online.
4. Super smart AI (Present): Today, AI has become super smart! It can do amazing things, like play chess and other games, drive cars, and even help doctors diagnose diseases. It is getting smarter and learning new things every day.
5. Future adventures (Future): AI is still growing and learning. In the future, it might become even smarter and help us with even more exciting and important tasks, like exploring space, solving big problems, and making our lives better.
Did You Know?
One of the most significant milestones in the field of AI was the creation of the first artificial neural network in the late 1950s. Developed by Frank Rosenblatt, it was called the “Perceptron.” What makes this particularly interesting is that it served as an early model for machine learning and inspired the development of modern deep learning networks.
Do It Yourself 8A
Who am I?
1 I learnt to talk and understand human language.
2 I could do very simple things like adding numbers together.
3 I am learning and growing; I might become more powerful.
4 I have become super smart and can play chess too.
5 People taught me information and data.
Applications of AI
Applications of AI are the variety of things that smart computers and robots can do to help us in our daily lives. For example, AI can help us play games, talk to us like a friend, drive cars, and even tell us about the weather conditions. It can help us in doing many daily routine tasks. Some of these are discussed as follows:
1. Smart assistants: AI helps make smart assistants like Siri or Alexa. They can answer questions, set reminders, and play music when you ask them.
2. Video games: AI makes video games more fun. It controls characters in games, making them smart opponents, or helpful allies. Minecraft and Stockfish are a few examples of AI video games that are widely played by people.
3. Chatbots: AI helps create chatbots on websites. These chatbots can chat with you and answer your questions, like assisting you when you are shopping online. The most common chatbots that we have interacted with are Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, and Google Assistant.
4. Recommendations: AI suggests things you might like. For example, it suggests movies on Netflix or songs on YouTube based on what you have watched or listened to before.
5. Self-driving cars: AI helps cars drive themselves safely. The cars use sensors and cameras to see the road and make sure they do not crash. Tesla is a world-famous car manufacturing company that has launched an AI-driven, self-driving car.
6. Healthcare: AI can help doctors by analysing X-rays and MRIs to find problems in your body. It can also remind you to take your medicine on time. For instance, Niramai, a Bengaluru-based app, uses AI to detect early cancer.
7. Language translation: AI can translate one language into another. It helps when you want to talk to someone who speaks a different language. Google Translate is a commonly used AI Language Translator.
8. Robots: AI makes robots intelligent. Some robots can clean your floors, while others can even dance and play music! Sophia is one of the most advanced humanoid robots.
9. Weather forecast: AI helps predict the weather. It uses data to tell us if it is going to be sunny or rainy, so we know what to wear and if we need an umbrella or not. AccuWeather is a very popular weather forecasting app.
10. Security: AI helps keep us safe. It can recognise faces and fingerprints to make sure only the right people can enter certain places. Phones and workplaces have face recognition software installed for better experience and security.
Did You Know?
In the 1950s, a renowned English scientist named Alan Turing had a question: “Can machines think?” This question sparked the beginning of Artificial Intelligence. Later, John McCarthy officially coined the term “Artificial Intelligence,” earning the title of ‘Father of Artificial Intelligence.’
Explore More!
To learn more applications of AI, scan this QR code.
Do It Yourself 8B
Fill in the blanks.
1 Google Translator is a commonly used AI .
2 AI operated self-driven cars use and to see the road.
Natural Intelligence vs Artificial Intelligence
Natural Intelligence
Definition—Natural intelligence is the intelligence possessed by living things like humans and animals. It is innate and a part of the biology of living organisms.
Learning—Natural intelligence learns from experiences, interactions, and exposure to the environment. It adapts and improves over time through learning.
Emotions and Consciousness—Natural intelligence has emotions, consciousness, and selfawareness. Humans and animals can experience feelings and have a sense of self.
Artificial Intelligence
Definition—Artificial intelligence is created by humans. It is a product of computer programming and technology.
Learning—Artificial intelligence learns from data and algorithms. It relies on patterns and information provided to it by humans.
Emotions and Consciousness—Artificial intelligence lacks emotions, consciousness, and self-awareness. Its operation is based on predefined rules and algorithms without any emotional understanding.
Natural Intelligence
Flexibility and Adaptability—Natural intelligence can adapt to a wide range of situations, learn new tasks, and think creatively.
Physical Presence—Natural intelligence is embodied in living organisms with physical bodies.
Biological vs. Synthetic—Natural intelligence is biological in nature, arising from the complexity of the brain and nervous system.
Limitations—While highly adaptable and creative, natural intelligence can be limited by factors like biology, fatigue, and physical constraints.
Discuss!
Artificial Intelligence
Flexibility and Adaptability—Artificial intelligence is typically specialised for specific tasks and may not easily adapt to tasks outside of its programmed capabilities.
Physical Presence—Artificial intelligence exists as software or hardware and does not have a physical body.
Biological vs. Synthetic—Artificial intelligence is synthetic, created by humans using technology and computer systems.
Limitations—Artificial intelligence can process vast amounts of data quickly but may struggle with tasks that require common-sense reasoning or understanding nuanced human emotions.
Explore More!
To learn about the difference between human intelligence and AI, scan this QR code.
Introduction to Computer Vision
Computer Vision (CV) is a domain of artificial intelligence that focuses on enabling computers and machines to interpret and understand visual information from the real world, typically through cameras. It involves the analysis of images or video streams to identify objects, detect patterns, track movement, and make sense of the visual data. CV is often used for applications like facial recognition, object detection, autonomous vehicles, and medical image analysis.
Working of Computer Vision
Just think about how we see things and recognise them. When we see things, our eyes capture visual information, which is then transmitted as signals through our optic nerves to the brain. The brain processes these signals, allowing us to recognise and interpret the images we see.
Similarly, in computer vision, cameras act as the “eyes” of AI systems. They capture visual data, which is converted into signals by sensors. These signals are then processed by AI algorithms or programs, which interpret the meaning of the visual data, enabling the system to identify objects or images.
The following image explains the workings of computer vision.
Bananas, Grapes and
Applications of Computer Vision
Bananas, Grapes and Strawberry
These are some of the prominent applications of computer vision technology across various industries and fields.
Object Recognition: Computer vision helps to identify and classify objects in images and videos for uses in security, manufacturing, and retail.
Face Recognition: It is used for recognising individuals based on their facial features in applications, such as security and surveillance.
Autonomous Vehicles: Computer vision enables self-driving cars and drones to navigate safely by recognising road signs, pedestrians, and other vehicles.
Medical Imaging: It is a boon for the medical industry as it helps doctors to analyse medical images to diagnose diseases and locate abnormalities.
Robotics: Robots move because of computer vision. Computer vision allows robots to perceive their surroundings for tasks like object manipulation and navigation.
Computer vision plays a crucial role in the working of two more impressive technologies these days: Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). Let us learn about them.
Augmented Reality
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that blends digital content with the real world in real-time. It enhances the user’s perception of reality by overlaying virtual elements on their view of the physical environment.
AR is commonly used in applications like mobile apps, smart glasses, and heads-up displays to provide additional information or interactive experiences related to the user’s surroundings.
Examples of AR include Pokémon Go, where virtual creatures are superimposed on the real world through a smartphone camera, or AR navigation apps that display directions on the road ahead.
Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that immerses users in a completely digital or virtual environment. It often involves the use of a headset or goggles that block out the real world and replace it with a computergenerated one.
VR is used to create fully immersive experiences for gaming, training, simulations, education, and entertainment.
Users in VR can interact with and navigate through a computer-generated world, making them feel as if they are inside that environment.
Virtual Reality (VR) can make you feel as if you are on a roller coaster, flying in space, or even standing on top of Mount Everest, all while you are actually just wearing a special headset in your own room! Did You Know?
Explore More!
Mixed reality is the combination of augmented reality and virtual reality. Learn more about this by scanning this QR code.
Do It Yourself 8D
Who am I?
1 I am often used for applications like facial recognition.
2 I make people feel they are inside the environment.
3 I superimpose virtual creatures in the real world.
AI Ethics
AI ethics are a set of rules and principles that guide how we should create, use, and interact with artificial intelligence in a fair, responsible, and moral way. It is like a code of conduct for AI, making sure that AI should be used in ways that respect people’s rights, are safe, unbiased, and beneficial for society, just like we follow rules to be good and kind to each other.
1. Bias avoidance: AI should not have unfair preferences. It should treat people of all races, genders, and backgrounds equally.
2. Data protection: AI should keep our personal information safe, just as we keep our secrets and passwords safe from others.
3. Environmental responsibility: AI should be used in ways that do not harm the environment. For example, it can help reduce energy use and pollution by turning off lights when they are not needed.
4. Helping others: AI can be used to help people in need, like diagnosing diseases in healthcare or predicting natural disasters.
5. No cheating: AI should not be used to cheat or do bad things, like hacking into computer systems or cheating in games.
6. Learning and improving: AI should always try to learn and get better at what it does. The more data is fed to the AI machines, the smarter they become.
7. Making the world better: AI can be used to solve big problems, like climate change, finding cures for diseases, and making our world a better place for everyone.
Do It Yourself 8E
Match the following.
Column A
Data protection
Explore More!
To learn more about AI ethics, scan this QR code.
Column B
Treat everyone the same Environmental responsibility
Making the world better
Helping others
Bias avoidance
Points to Remember
Reduce energy use
Personal information
Solving big problems
Diagnosing diseases
1 Natural Intelligence is biological in nature, arising from the complexity of the brain and nervous system. Artificial Intelligence is synthetic, created by humans using technology and computer systems.
2 Applications of AI are the different things that smart computers and robots can do to help us in our daily lives. Chatbots, self-driven cars, and robots are a few examples.
3 Computer vision focuses on enabling computers and machines to interpret and understand visual information from the real world.
4 Augmented Reality (AR) blends digital content with the real world in real-time.
5 Virtual Reality (VR) immerses users in a completely digital or virtual environment.
6 AI ethics are a set of rules and principles that guide how we should create, use, and interact with artificial intelligence in a fair, responsible, and moral way.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the Blanks.
1 AI could only do very easy things like, adding numbers, and was not very smart.
2 Apple’s Siri is one of the most common examples of .
3 is commonly used in applications like cameras, smart glasses, and heads-up displays.
4 is a technology that immerses users in a completely digital or virtual environment.
5 AI should treat people of all races, genders, and backgrounds
B. Who Am I?
1 Today, I am super smart; I can do amazing things like play chess.
2 Some of us can clean your floors, while others can even dance and play music.
3 We are called Alexa and Siri, and we are very smart at answering questions.
4 This intelligence is biological in nature, arising from the complexity of the brain and nervous system.
5 I am a technology that blends digital content with the real world in real-time.
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 AI should have unfair preferences.
2 Learning AI was like a baby.
3 Ethical AI must respect people’s privacy.
5 Virtual Reality is used for gaming and training. Hints
4 Artificial Intelligence is the product of computer programming and technology.
Test
Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 4)
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 Prolog, Mercury, LISP, etc. are examples of generation language.
2 An assembler is used to convert assembly language code into language code.
3 PNG is a file format for
4 is a real-time payment system in India that allows users to send and receive money using their smartphones.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 Which of the following options in the Table Properties pane allows you to adjust the space between the edges of the cell and the content of the cell?
a Cell Splitting
c Cell Merging
b Cell Padding
d None of these
2 Which of the following is an example of a malicious software?
a Antivirus
c Firewall
b Ransomware
d Backup Software
3 Which of the following is not a guideline for practicing good netiquette while using the internet?
a Avoid using all capital letters or excessive punctuation to prevent appearing rude.
b Give credit when using someone else’s work or idea.
c Share personal information, such as your address, with strangers to make friends.
d Be patient and respectful when people take time to respond to your messages.
4 Which keyboard shortcut allows you to quickly switch between the open apps on your computer?
a Ctrl + C
c Shift + S
b Ctrl + Alt + Delete
d Alt + Tab
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Mainframe computers cost a lot, so most big organisations use them.
2 The asterisk (*) symbol is used to search all the files of the same type.
3 Google Drive is a cloud storage service that lets you store files online.
4 Merging cells in a table can help you separate and categorise information in a clear and structured manner.
D. Answer the following questions.
1 What are the disadvantages of the fourth-generation languages?
2 Explain any four file formats.
3 What is a digital footprint?
4 Define e-commerce.
E. Apply your learning.
1 Sidharth received an email with a suspicious link asking for his bank account details. This is an example of which type of online scam?
2 Ayan wants to organise his files by moving them from one folder to another on his computer. How can he do this efficiently?
Test Paper 2 (Based on Chapters 5 to 8)
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 A is the list of recipients to whom you want to send the invite.
2 in presentations refer to the visual effects that occur when you move from one slide to another within a presentation.
3 an image means creating a mirrored or reversed version of the original image.
4 are a set of rules and principles that guide how we should create, use, and interact with AI in a fair, responsible, and moral way.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 Which of the following is an application of computer vision technology?
a Word processing b Face recognition
c Virtual assistants d Audio editing
2 Which of the following is not a video source option to insert a video in the Google Slides from the Insert video dialog box?
a YouTube b Google Drive
c URL d Audio file
3 In mail merge, what does the main document contain?
a A list of recipient addresses
b The unique content for each recipient
c The text that remains the same for all recipients
d The email addresses of recipients
4 You can add lines, shapes, and graphics in Canva by clicking on the tab.
a Elements b Graphics
c Draw d Uploads
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Tesla is a world-famous car manufacturing company that has launched an AI-driven, self-driving car.
2 Canva is a user-friendly online tool that allows you to create and edit images and design cards.
3 AI usually struggles with tasks that require common-sense reasoning.
4 Animation refers to combining multiple forms of content, such as text, audio, video, images, etc.
D. Answer the following questions.
1 What are action buttons?
2 Explain the ‘Elements’ component of the Canva Editor Window.
3 What is a chatbot?
4 Define virtual reality.
E. Apply your learning.
1 Shivam wants to enhance his productivity by using AI technology. How can a smart assistant help him with his daily tasks?
2 Megha is creating an educational video and wants to make it more engaging for her audience. How can animation effects help her achieve this?
About the Book
This book embodies the principles outlined in the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It unveils the world of computer science through a unique and captivating pedagogical approach— seamlessly integrating curriculum content into the mesmerising adventures of Mel and Conji, fictional figures hailing from the enchanting world of Avora. Our aim is to prepare learners for the dynamic and technology-driven landscape of the 21st century, equipping them with the essential skills they need to thrive in an ever-evolving world.
Special Features
• Explore More: QR codes to explore an exciting application of the concept.
• Discuss: Questions to trigger engaging group discussions in the classroom.
• Think and Tell: Probing questions to stimulate thinking at an individual level.
• Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of a concept.
• Do It Yourself: Milestone exercises to practice specific concepts.
• Chapter Checkup: A pool of questions catering to all topics and skills covered in the chapter.
• Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills.
About Uolo
Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.
