Imagine_Maths_CB_Grade1_SS_AY25 by Uolo

Master Mathematical Thinking

MATHEMATICS

Master Mathematical Thinking

Grade1

Acknowledgements

Academic Authors: Muskan Panjwani, Anuj Gupta, Gitanjali Lal, Simran Singh

Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish

Book Production: Sanjay Kumar Goel, Vishesh Agarwal

Project Lead: Neena Aul

VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar

All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

First impression 2024

Second impression 2025

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.

Book Title: Imagine Mathematics 1

ISBN: 978-81-979482-5-1

Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited

Corporate Oﬃce Address: 85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003

CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986

Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com

All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.

Preface

Mathematics is an essential tool for understanding the world around us. It is not just another subject, but an integral part of our lives. It shapes the very foundation of our understanding, personality and interaction with the world around us. Studies from across the globe have shown that proﬁciency in mathematics signiﬁcantly influences career prospects and lifelong learning.

According to the NEP 2020, mathematics and mathematical thinking are crucial for empowering individuals in their everyday interactions and aﬀairs. It focuses on competencies-based education, which essentially means actively and eﬀectively applying mathematical concepts in real life. It also encourages innovative approaches for teaching maths, including regular use of puzzles, games and relatable real-world examples to make the subject engaging and enjoyable.

It is in this spirit that Uolo has introduced the Imagine Mathematics product for elementary grades (1 to 8). This product’s key objective is to eliminate the fear of mathematics by making math exciting, relatable and meaningful for children.

Imagine Mathematics positions itself on the curricular and pedagogical approach of the Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR), which has been highly recommended by the NEP 2020, the NCF 2023 and other literature in learning educational pedagogies. Subsequent pages elaborate further on this approach and its actualisation in this book.

This book incorporates highly acclaimed, learner-friendly teaching strategies. Each chapter introduces concepts through real-life situations and storytelling, connecting to children’s experiences and transitioning smoothly from concrete to abstract. Clear explanations and simple steps are provided for problem-solving. Engaging facts, error alerts and fun activities are integrated throughout to keep learning interesting and holistic. Importantly, concepts are interconnected across topics and grades, providing a scaﬀolding that ensures comprehensive and meaningful learning.

This book supports learners at all levels, providing opportunities to build critical thinking skills through questions and activities aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy. For those seeking a greater challenge, the book includes thought-provoking questions that push learners to apply, analyse and evaluate. Additionally, the problems are rooted in real-world contexts, making the learning experience both relatable and meaningful.

In addition, the book is technologically empowered and works in sync with a parallel digital world, which contains immersive gamiﬁed experiences, video solutions and practice worksheets, among other things. Interactive exercises on the digital platform make learning experiential and help in concrete visualisation of abstract mathematical concepts. We invite educators, parents and students to embrace Imagine and join us in nurturing the next generation of thinkers, innovators and problem-solvers. Embark on this exciting journey with us and let Imagine be a valuable resource in your educational adventure.

Product Package at a Glance

Welcome to our comprehensive learning package designed to enhance educational experiences through three key components: print materials, digital resources and assessment tools. Our print materials provide in-depth and accessible information in a pedagogically suitable way, our digital resources oﬀer interactive and engaging learning experiences, while our assessment tools ensure thorough understanding and progress tracking.

PRINT

Engaging Textbooks

Teacher Manuals

ASSESSMENT

Competency-based Model Assessments

Question Paper Generator

Student and Teacher Apps

Video Solutions

Interactive Tasks & Exercises

Byte Size Lesson Modules

Key NEP Recommendations

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduced by the Government of India, represents a transformative shift in the country’s education system. It aims to create a more holistic, dynamic and multidisciplinary approach to education. NEP 2020 focuses on fostering conceptual understanding, skills and values that align with the demands of the 21st century, while also preserving India’s rich cultural heritage. UOLO is fully committed to actualising the vision of NEP 2020 by meticulously adhering to its outlined recommendations.

1. Focus on conceptual understanding

2. 21st century skills, values and dispositions

3. Critical thinking and problem-solving

4. Application in real life

5. Holistic and integrated learning

6. Experiential learning

7. Enjoyable and engaging

8. Computational and mathematical thinking

9. Technology-based solutions

10. Factoids on India

Competency-based Education

NEP Pages 12, 17, and 22

Teaching and Learning Pedagogy

NEP Pages 3, 11, 12, 18, and 27

National Pride

NEP Pages 15, 16, and 43

11. Assessment of core concepts and application skills Assessments

NEP Pages 12, 18, and 22

Our Key Features: Aligning with the NEP

The GRR Approach

Pedagogical approach that empowers students to learn by the teacher progressively transitioning the responsibility to the students.

Competency-based Assessments

Test papers designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills.

3 8 11

Contextual Learning

Introducing concepts through real-life situations and connecting them to students’ experiences.

Classroom Activity

A hands-on classroom activity to investigate and understand mathematical concepts in an engaging and concrete way.

Recall and Revisit

Introductory page with a quick recall of concepts done in previous grades.

Translating Words into Action!

Critical Thinking Questions

Intellectually stimulating questions designed to enhance problem-solving and analytical-thinking skills, promote deeper understanding and foster independent thinking.

Real-Life Math Problems

Scenario-based questions designed to help in applying theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios, reasoning skills and improves reading comprehension & analytical abilities.

Common Misconceptions

Concise snippets of information designed to caution against potential errors and misconceptions

Think, Analyse and Answer

A quick, mathematical-thinking question

Fun Facts

Facts related to the concepts, or bite-sized information about the contribution of Indian scholars to mathematics

Gradual Release of Responsibility

The Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR) is a highly eﬀective pedagogical approach that empowers students to learn progressively by transitioning the responsibility from the teacher to the students. This method involves comprehensive scaﬀolding—including modelling, guided practice, and ultimately fostering independent application of concepts.

GRR, endorsed and promoted by both the NEP 2020 and NCF, plays a pivotal role in equipping teachers to facilitate age-appropriate learning outcomes and enabling learners to thrive.

The GRR methodology forms the foundation of the Imagine Mathematics product. Within each chapter, every unit follows a consistent framework:

1. I Do (entirely teacher-led)

2. We Do (guided practice for learners supported by the teacher)

3. You Do (independent practice for learners)

GRR StepsUnit Component Source

Understanding Large Numbers

Dhruv was reading a newspaper. He came across news about diﬀerent states in India that participated in the COVID vaccination drive and the number of vaccinations given until August 2023. Given below is the data of four states.

Real Life Connect

Theoretical Explanation

I do

Examples

Delhi Haryana Sikkim Goa 3740916145546836 1360477 2874477

All About 7-Digit and 8-Digit Numbers

While reading the news, Dhruv got confused and could not read the numbers given in the data. The numbers of vaccinations given were either 7-digit numbers or 8-digit numbers.

Did You Know?

Sikkim Goa Delhi Haryana 1360477 2874477 3740916145546836

Did You Know?

7-digit Numbers 8-digit Numbers

Place Value, Face Value and Expanded Form Reading and Writing 7-Digit and 8-Digit Numbers

Example 8: Aliya’s body temperature was 2.3°C higher than normal. What was Aliya’s body temperature?

Let us help Dhruv understand 7-digit and 8-digit numbers!

Normal body temperature = 37°C.

Example 8: Example 9:

Aliya’s body temperature = 37°C + 2.3°C = 39.3°C

We know that the greatest 6-digit number is 999999. Now, if we add 1 to this number, we get 1000000. 999999 + 1 = 1000000

So, Aliya’s body temperature was 39.3°C.

Example 9:

1000000 is the smallest 7-digit number and is read as “Ten Lakhs”. We saw in the news article that the number of vaccinations administered in Sikkim was 1360477. Let us try to place this 7-digit number in the place value chart.

The temperature diﬀerence is 16.3°C. Write the readings of the given thermometers.

GRR StepsUnit Component

Do It Yourself Challenge

Do It Yourself 14B

Source

1 Identify the shape for which the net is drawn. a

2 Look at the net and identify the object it belongs to.

3 Draw the net of the given shapes.

The Kumbh Mela is a major pilgrimage where Hindu pilgrims take the holy bath in the Ganges. The number of people who visited the Kumbh Mela in 1980 were 20,356,817 and those who visited in 1989 were 29,304,871. In which year did less than 25 crore people visit to the Kumbh Mela?

a 1980 b 1989 c Both years d None of the year

4 Rishi and Megha made the net of a square-based pyramid. Who made the net correctly? Explain your answer with reasons.

a Rishi’s drawing b Megha’s drawing

Guess the best units of length (m or cm) and weight (kg or g) for the given objects.

5 Draw the net of a hexagonal prism.

You do

Chapter Checkup

Case Study

Challenge

6 Show using nets how a rectangular prism is diﬀerent from a rectangular pyramid.

Critical Thinking

1 Sanya wants to solve a 7-digit secret code in a safe. Use the given clues to help Sanya solve the secret code.

a The digit in the hundreds and ones place is 6.

b The digit in the lakhs place is 4 less than the digit in the ones place.

c The digit in the ten lakhs and ten thousands place is the smallest odd number.

d The face value of the digit in the thousands place is 5.

e The digit in the tens place is the biggest 1-digit number. What is the secret code?

2 Write the greatest 8-digit odd number using only 5 digits. Do not repeat any digit more than twice.

Case Study

Population of Countries

Cross Curricular

The population of diﬀerent countries is shown using a table. Read the data carefully and answer the questions.

Country Population

Germany

France

United

Poland

83,294,633

64,756,584

67,736,802

41,026,067

Italy 58,870,762

1 Which country has the least population?

a Italy b Germany c Poland d United Kingdom

2 Which country has the greatest population?

a Poland b United Kingdom c Italy d Germany

Pearson, P. D., & Gallagher, G. (1983). Contemporary Educational Psychology. Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2021). Better learning through structured teaching: A framework for the gradual release of responsibility. Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2014). Checking for understanding: Formative assessment techniques for your classroom.

a Poland b United Kingdom c Italy d Germany

3 Which country has approximately double the population than that of Poland?

4 Arrange the countries in ascending order as per their population.

5 If all the digits in the population of each country is rearranged to form the greatest number, then which country will have the greatest population?

The NEP Tags

The National Education Policy (NEP), 2020, outlines essential skills, values, dispositions and learning approaches necessary for students to thrive in the 21st century. This textbook identiﬁes and incorporates these elements throughout its content, activities and exercises. Referred to as “NEP Tags,” they are deﬁned as follows:

Art Integration

Bringing creativity and fun into learning by combining art with maths. Students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form.

Collaboration

Working eﬀectively with others. Includes clear communication, teamwork, active listening and valuing diverse approaches.

Cross Curricular

Integrating mathematical concepts with other subjects to see the real-life applications of maths.

Experiential Learning

Gaining knowledge and skills through direct, hands-on experiences rather than a traditional classroom setting.

Communication

Explaining mathematical ideas, processes and solutions to others, whether through verbal explanations, written work or visual representations.

Value Development

Promoting ethics, and human & constitutional values, like empathy, respect for others, cleanliness, courtesy, democratic spirit, spirit of service, respect for public property, responsibility and equality.

Creativity

Using imagination and original thinking to solve problems and explore mathematical concepts in innovative ways. Also includes ﬁnding unique solutions, and designing original problem-solving strategies.

Education Standards as per the NCF 2023

The National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF), released in 2023, is based on the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP), 2020, and enables its implementation. The NCF provides guidelines for designing school syllabi and textbooks in India. It aims to improve the quality of education by making it more relevant, engaging, inclusive and learner-centric. To achieve this, the NCF has articulated precise Learning Standards through well-deﬁned Curricular Goals and Competencies. These statements serve to harmonise the syllabus, content, pedagogical practices and assessment culture, ensuring a cohesive and comprehensive educational experience.

Curricular Goals: Statements that give direction to curriculum development and implementation in order to achieve the Curricular Aims. They are also speciﬁc to a School Stage (e.g., the Foundational Stage) and a Curricular Area (e.g., Mathematics).

Competencies: Learning achievements that are observable and can be assessed systematically. These Competencies are derived from the Curricular Goals and are expected to be attained by the end of a Stage.

Curricular Goals

CG-8

Develops mathematical understanding and abilities to recognize the world through quantities, shapes, and measures

Competencies

C-8.1 Sorts objects into groups and sub-groups based on more than one property

C-8.2 Identiﬁes and extends simple patterns in their surroundings, shapes, and numbers

C-8.3 Counts up to 99 both forwards and backwards, and in groups of 10s and 20s

C-8.4 Arranges numbers up to 99 in ascending and descending order

C-8.5 Recognises and uses numerals to represent quantities up to 99 with the understanding of decimal place value system

C-8.6 Performs addition and subtraction of 2-digit numbers ﬂuently, using ﬂexible strategies of composition and decomposition of both numerical and word problems

C-8.7 Recognises multiplication as repeated addition and division as equal sharing

C-8.8 Recognises, makes, and classiﬁes basic geometric shapes and their observable properties, and understands and explains the relative relation of objects in space

C-8.9 Selects appropriate tools and units to performs simple measurements of length, weight and volume of objects in their immediate environment

C-8.10 Performs simple measurements of time in minutes, hours, day, weeks, and months

C-8.11 Performs simple transactions using money up to INR 100

C-8.12 Develops adequate and appropriate vocabulary for comprehending and expressing concepts and procedures related to quantities, shapes, space, and measurements

C-8.13 Formulates and solves simple mathematical problems related to quantities, shapes, space, and measurements

The above is an abridged version of the curricular goals and competencies relatioship in Maths for the Foundational Stage (NCF 2023, pages 340–341). The next section shows the coverage of all these competencies across the chapters.

Mapping with NCF 2023

CurricularGoalsCompetenciesCh1Ch2

CG-8 Develops mathematical understanding and abilities to recognize the world through quantities, shapes, and measures

C-8.1 Sorts objects into groups and sub-groups based on more than one property

C-8.2 Identifies and extends simple patterns in their surroundings, shapes, and numbers

C-8.3 Counts up to 99 both forwards and backwards, and in groups of 10s and 20s

C-8.4 Arranges numbers up to 99 in ascending and descending order

C-8.5 Recognises and uses numerals to represent quantities up to 99 with the understanding of decimal place value system

C-8.6 Performs addition and subtraction of 2-digit numbers fluently, using flexible strategies of composition and decomposition of both numerical and word problems

C-8.7 Recognises multiplication as repeated addition and division as equal sharing

C-8.8 Recognises, makes, and classifies basic geometric shapes and their observable properties, and understands and explains the relative relation of objects in space

C-8.9 Selects appropriate tools and units to performs simple measurements of length, weight and volume of objects in their immediate environment

C-8.10 Performs simple measurements of time in minutes, hours, day, weeks, and months

C-8.11 Performs simple transactions using money up to INR 100

C-8.12 Develops adequate and appropriate vocabulary for comprehending and expressing concepts and procedures related to quantities, shapes, space, and measurements

C-8.13 Formulates and solves simple mathematical problems related to quantities, shapes, space, and measurements

Ch3Ch4Ch5Ch6Ch7Ch8Ch9Ch10Ch11Ch12Ch13

Numbers up to 8 Digits

Let’s Recall

Chapter at a Glance: Walkthrough of Key Elements

Numbers are used everywhere in our daily lives. These numbers are formed using the digits 0 to 9 and are written using commas after every period, starting from the one’s period.

For example, let us say the pin code of your area is 201301. This is a 6-digit number. It can be written using commas by representing it in a place value chart.

1 Numbers up to 8 Digits

NumberLakhs Thousands Ones Lakhs (L)Ten Thousand (TTh)Thousands (Th)Hundreds (H)Tens (T)Ones (O) 2,01,3012 0 1 301

Each of these digits has a place value and a face value. Let us write the face value, place value, expanded form and number name for 201301. periods place

Let’s Recall

Numbers are used everywhere in our daily lives. These numbers are formed using the digits 0 to 9 and are written using commas after every period, starting from the one’s period.

Let’s Recall: Introductory page with a quick recall of concepts learnt in the previous grade

For example, let us say the pin code of your area is 201301. This is a 6-digit number. It can be written using commas by representing it in a place value chart.

Expanded form: 2,00,000 + 1000 + 300 + 1

Number name: Two lakh one thousand three hundred one

Letʹs Warm-up Fill in the blanks.

1 The place value of 8 in 8,60,765 is 2 The number 4,36,536 can be written in words as:

Dhruv was reading a newspaper. He came across news about diﬀerent states in participated in the COVID vaccination drive and the number of vaccinations given August 2023. Given below is the data of four states.

Each of these digits has a place value and a face value. Let us write the face value, place value, expanded form and number name for 201301.

Let’s Warm-up: Quick 4–5 questions to test the pre-knowledge

3 The place value of the digit in 4,15,124 and 4,67,890 is the same.

4 8,76,504 has 6 in the place.

Number name: Two lakh one

Letʹs Warm-up Fill in the blanks. 1 The place value

Understanding Large Numbers Concept Explanation: Clear and elaborate explanation of a concept 2

Above 40

All About 7-Digit and 8-Digit Numbers

While reading the news, Dhruv got confused and could not read the numbers given data. The numbers of vaccinations given were either 7-digit numbers or 8-digit

Dhruv was reading a newspaper. He came across news participated in the COVID vaccination drive and the August 2023. Given below is the data of four states.

I scored out of 4.

Normal body temperature = 37°C. Aliya’s body temperature = 37°C + 2.3°C

–

Example 9:

Converting Between Units of Temperature Did You Know?

7-digit Numbers 8-digit Numbers

Place Value, Face Value and Expanded Form

Reading and Writing 7-Digit and 8-Digit Numbers

Converting Between Units of Temperature Did You Know?

Let us help Dhruv understand 7-digit and 8-digit numbers! We know that the greatest 6-digit number is 999999. Now, if we add 1 to this number, we get 1000000. 999999 + 1 = 1000000

All About 7-Digit and 8-Digit Numbers

Example 8: Aliya’s body temperature was 2.3°C higher than normal. What was Aliya’s body temperature?

Examples: Solved problems showing the correct method and complete solution

While reading the news, Dhruv got confused and could data. The numbers of vaccinations given were either

1000000 is the smallest 7-digit number and is read as “Ten Lakhs”. We saw in the news article that the number of vaccinations administered in Sikkim 1360477. Let us try to place this 7-digit number in the place value chart.

= 16.3°C The temperature diﬀerence is 16.3°C. Write the readings of the given thermometers.

Do It Together: Guided practice for learners with partially solved questions

Place Value, Face Value and Expanded Form

Reading and Writing 7-Digit and 8-Digit Numbers

Let us help Dhruv understand 7-digit and 8-digit numbers!

We know that the greatest 6-digit number is 999999. Now, if we add 1 to this number, we get 1000000.

+ 1 = 1000000

1000000 is the smallest 7-digit number and is read

We saw in the news article that the number of vaccinations 1360477. Let us try to place this 7-digit number in

Did You Know: Interesting facts related to the topic

Error Alert: Caution against misconceptions

1 Identify the shape for which the net is drawn.

Do It Yourself: Exercise at the end of each topic with practice questions

NEP Tags: To show alignment with NEP skills and values

2 Look at the net and identify the object it belongs to.

b c d 3 Draw the net of the given shapes.

4 Rishi and Megha made the net of a square-based pyramid. Who made the net correctly? Explain answer with reasons.

a Rishi’s drawing b Megha’s drawing

Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to diﬀerent levels of Blooms Taxonomy

5 Draw the net of a hexagonal prism.

6 Show using nets how a rectangular prism is diﬀerent from a rectangular pyramid.

Picture-based Questions: Questions featuring visual stimuli to foster comprehension and interpretation

Critical Thinking

Challenge: Critical thinking questions to enhance problem-solving and analytical-thinking skills

Case Study: Scenario-based questions designed to help apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations

Real-life Questions: Questions that help make connections with real life or other subjects

Challenge

1 Sanya wants to solve a 7-digit secret code in a safe. Use the given clues to help Sanya solve the secret code.

a The digit in the hundreds and ones place is 6.

b The digit in the lakhs place is 4 less than the digit in the ones place.

2 Write the greatest 8-digit odd number using only 5 digits. Do not repeat any digit more than twice. Critical Thinking

1 Sanya wants to solve a 7-digit secret code in a safe. Use the given clues to help Sanya solve the secret code.

c The digit in the ten lakhs and ten thousands place is the smallest odd number.

a The digit in the hundreds and ones place is 6.

d The face value of the digit in the thousands place is 5.

b The digit in the lakhs place is 4 less than the digit in the ones place.

e The digit in the tens place is the biggest 1-digit number.

c The digit in the ten lakhs and ten thousands place is the smallest odd number.

What is the secret code?

d The face value of the digit in the thousands place is 5.

solve the secret code.

e The digit in the tens place is the biggest 1-digit number. What is the secret code?

2 Write the greatest 8-digit odd number using only 5 digits. Do not repeat any digit more than twice.

a The digit in the hundreds and ones place is 6.

b The digit in the lakhs place is 4 less than the digit in the ones place.

c The digit in the ten lakhs and ten thousands place is the smallest odd number.

d The face value of the digit in the thousands place is 5.

Case Study

e The digit in the tens place is the biggest 1-digit number.

What is the secret code?

2 Write the greatest 8-digit odd number using only 5 digits. Do not repeat any digit more than twice.

Population of Countries

The population of diﬀerent countries is shown using a table. Read the data carefully and answer the questions.

Population of Countries

The population of diﬀerent countries is shown using a table. Read the data carefully and answer the questions.

Country Population

Population of Countries

The population of diﬀerent countries is shown using a table. Read the data carefully and answer the questions.

1 Which country has the least population?

a Italy b Germany c Poland d United Kingdom

2 Which country has the greatest population?

a Poland b United Kingdom c Italy d Germany

3 Which country has approximately double the population than that of Poland?

4 Arrange the countries in ascending order as per their population.

5 If all the digits in the population of each country is rearranged to form the greatest

Cross Curricular

1 Pre-number Concepts

Let’s Recall

Things can be big or small. Let us look at some big things and small things.

Let’s Warm-up Circle the big thing.

Space and Size

Rahul and Riya love their pet dog and cat. The dog and the cat hide in diﬀerent places.

Position

Have a look at where they hide!

The dog is outside the house.

The cat is behind the wall. The cat is on the table. The dog is under the table.

Let us understand more about these positions.

Behind-In Front of, Inside-Outside

Let us look at the position of the cat.

BEHIND IN FRONT OF OUTSIDE INSIDE

Example 1: Write down the position of the girl. The girl is IN FRONT OF the box.

The girl is BEHIND the box.

Fill in the blanks with inside/outside. Do It Together

The boy is the rocket.

Before–After-Between

The boy is the rocket.

Raj and Sahil are standing in a line. Let us understand their positions.

Raj is standing before Sahil.

Sahil is standing after Raj

Rita

Before After

Another friend Rita comes and stands before Raj.

Now what are the positions?

Rita is standing before Raj.

Sahil is standing after Raj.

Raj is standing between Rita and Sahil.

Before Between After

Look at the animals. Fill in the blanks with before, after and between.

The bear is the rabbit.

The rabbit is the bear and the lion.

The lion is the rabbit.

Raj

Sahil Sahil

Top-Bottom, On-Under, Above-Below, High-Low Look at the monkeys in the tree.

The cat is on the table.

The dog is under the table.

Example 2: Label the positions.

The cloud is above the buildings.

The buildings are below the cloud.

Fill in the blanks with on or under. Do It Together

Above Below The vase is the table.

The slippers are the table.

Near–Far

Rahul and Riya were playing near the tree. Where are they now?

Rahul is near the tree.

Near means close to a thing. Far means away from a thing.

Riya is far from the tree.

A girl was cleaning her room. Look at the 3 toys that were near her.

The girl went out and saw 3 trees. They were far from her.

Look at the picture. Fill in the blanks with near, nearer or nearest.

1 The boy is near the shop.

2 The mother is to the shop.

3 The father is _____________________ to the shop.

Maps

Left and Right

What is on the left? What is on the right?

The house is on the LEFT. The shop is on the RIGHT.

We can use left, right, up and down to ﬁnd ways on a map.

Think and Tell

How many steps will you go right from purple to reach blue?

Orange to brown 1 step down

Orange to yellow 1 step left

Orange to green 1 step right

Orange to grey 1 step up Shop

1 Sam is on C. He goes 1 step left. He reaches .

2 Sam is on X. He goes 1 step up. He reaches .

Look at the pictures. Match the same positions. One is done for you. Do It Yourself 1A

Draw a ﬂower pot on the left and a house on the right of the big tree. Fill in the boxes with directions. (down, up, left, right)

1 Read the clues to move on the map. Find the shape.

a You are on the red square. Move down 2 steps. Move 1 step right. Move 1 step up. Where have you reached?

b You are on the green triangle. You will move and to reach the red square.

Size

Have you ever been to a zoo? What do you do to show respect to the animals in the zoo?

Rahul and Ria went to the zoo. They saw animals of diﬀerent sizes.

Big and Small

Look at the 2 animals.

The lion is big.

The mouse is small.

Look at the picture. Circle the biggest.

Did You

Know?

An ostrich’s brain is smaller than its eye.

Do It Together

Priya has 3 diﬀerent sizes of combs and hair clips.

Write long, longer and longest.

Write short, shorter and shortest.

Tall and Short

There were many trees in a zoo. They were of diﬀerent sizes.

These are 3 tall buildings.

Example 3: Write short, shorter and shortest.

These are 3 short plants.

Do It Together

Look at the picture. Write tall, taller and tallest.

Short

Tall

Thick and Thin

Priya went to a bookshop. She saw books of diﬀerent sizes.

The yellow book is thick.

Example 4: Look at the trees. Mark them as thick and thin.

The blue book is thin.

Write thick or thin.

A thick pencil is given. Draw a thin pencil.

Challenge

Critical Thinking

1 Mohit and Tiya are playing with blocks of the same size. Mohit makes a tower with 3 blocks. Tiya makes a tower with 2 blocks. Whose tower is taller?

Weight

Riya and Rahul had to clean their room. Riya picked up a balloon easily. Rahul could not pick up the toy bag.

Heavy and Light

The bag is heavy. The balloon is light.

Example 5: Circle the light object.

The bag is heavy. The book is light.

Look at the picture. Who is carrying a heavy object? Tick (). 3

4 There are three boxes. Misty carries one box. Daniel carries two boxes. Who is carrying more weight?

Challenge

Critical Thinking

A balance is used to check if an object is heavy or light. The side with the heavy object goes down. Draw lines to show where you will place the things. One is done for you.

Points to Remember

•Big and small show size.

•Inside and outside show position.

•Tall and short show height.

•Light things are easy to carry.

•Heavy things are diﬃcult to carry.

Learning & Collaboration

Aim: Sort things into big-small and heavy-light. Things required: Objects in the classroom/surroundings which are easy to carry. Example: bags, books, chair, chalk, crayon box etc.

Setting: 4 people in a group. What to do?

1 Each child will collect 2 objects from the surroundings.

2 Come back to the group after collecting the objects.

3 Sort the objects into:

• Big and small

• Heavy and light

Checkup

Math Lab

Experiential

Look at the pictures. Colour the tallest.

Look at Sara’s room. She keeps it clean. Write True or False.

a The ball is under the sofa.

b Some toys are in the box.

c The books are on the shelf.

d The drum is on the sofa.

Fill in the blanks with before, after or between. 4

a Sumit is standing Rashi.

b Rhea is standing Hira and Samir.

c Samir is standing Rhea.

Look at the picture. Circle the thick book. Cross out () the light book.

Look at the picture. Circle the bench near the tree. Cross out () the bench far from the tree. 6

Look at the picture. Draw a plant shorter than this boy.

1 A rocket is ﬂying up in the sky and a submarine is inside the water. Fill in the blank with high or low. The rocket is . The submarine is .

Sumit Rashi HiraRhea Samir

Real-life Maths

Flying Kites

Makar Sankranti is a festival of kites celebrated every year in January. Jia, Mohit, Ronit and Rahul are ﬂying kites with their father. Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1 How many kites are ﬂying?

2 Who is the farthest from the father?

3 Who is standing behind the father?

4 Do you ﬂy kites? What are the things that you need to keep in mind while ﬂying kites?

Ronit Rahul Jia Father Mohit

Building Numbers 11 to 20

Jiya loves going to her art class.

One day, Jiya reached her class early. Her teacher gave her some work.

Count the number of children when they come. Yes, ma’am.

Jiya was waiting for the other children to come.

Numbers up to 9

Let us help Jiya count the number of children who are coming to the class.

1 child

Prisha joined. Now there are 2 children.

Bani joined. Now there are 3 children.

Aarav joined. Now there are 4 children.

Joy joined. Now there are 5 children.

Kartik joined. Now there are 6 children.

Neha joined. Now there are 7 children.

Rohit joined. Now there are 8 children.

Raj joined. Now there are 9 children.

There are 9 children in the class.

One-to-One Matching

Let us help Jiya give 1 pencil to each child.

Match each farmer to a tractor. How many tractors are left after matching?

left.

Counting Things up to 9

These are numbers from 1 to 9.

Example 1: Count the objects and circle the correct number.

Count and colour the dots. One has been done for you.

Names

Let us learn to write numbers in words or as number names.

Count and write the number and the number name.

Match the numbers with the correct number names.

a 6 nine

b 8 seven

c 9 eight

d 7 six

4 Write the numbers. Draw objects to show the number.

a four: b eight:

Did You Know?

Aryabhatta, the famous Indian mathematician discovered ‘zero’ .

1 Write the missing letters of the number names. a 8: I b 3: T E E Challenge Critical Thinking

Zero and Ten

Zero

There are 6 oranges in basket A, while basket B is empty. We use ‘0’ to show nothing. We read it as ‘zero’.

Basket ABasket B

Example 2: Count and write the number of apples on the plate.

There were 2 birds. Do It Together 2 birds ﬂew away. Now there are birds. Remember!

0 means there is nothing. 2 apples1 apple0 apples

The Number 10

There are 9 children in the art class. One more friend joined. So, there are 10 children now.

10 is written as ten in words.

10 things can be shown in one bundle like this:

Example 3: Circle the group of 10 balloons.

Count the shapes. Tick () the shapes that are 10. Write the number name.

the things that are 10.

Write the number name of 10. Draw objects to show the same.

Draw the remaining beads to make 10 in each string.

1 How many buttons need to be added or removed to make a group of 10?

Numbers 11 to 20

Let us now count the numbers above 10.

Counting up to 20

We know numbers up to 10.

Let us count numbers up to 20.

Look at the number and colour the same number of objects.

Numbers 11 to 20 as Tens and Ones

Let us count till 20 by making bundles of 10. We have 10 crayons. We can make a bundle of 10 by putting them in a box.

1 box of crayons = 10 crayons = 1 ten. = one

Let us read the tens and ones in numbers from 10 to 20.

Number Names

We can write the numbers from 11 to 20 in words.

1 ice-cream stick 10 ice-cream sticks in a bundle 1 ones

Let us see how to write the number names for numbers from 10 to 20. 1

Count and write the correct number, using tens and ones.

Challenge Critical Thinking & Art Integration

1 Draw the correct number of stars in the empty box to make the total number 20.

Comparing and Ordering Numbers

It is festival time!

Shobha is excited to meet her cousins.

Shobha: How can I help you mother?

Mother: You can help me count diyas and sweet boxes.

Shobha: Do both things have the same number?

Mother: No, count and tell me which one is more. Forward and backward counting helps us in comparing and arranging numbers.

Comparing Numbers

Forward and Backward Counting

Mother: Shobha, can you arrange the diyas?

Shobha: Yes.

Mother: Put 20 diyas.

Shobha starts counting.

1234567891011121314151617181920

This is called forward counting.

Shobha then starts counting from 20 and moves backwards.

2019181716151413121110987654321

This is called backward counting.

Example 4: What is the missing number? Write if you count forward or backwards.

a 5, 6, 7, 8 b 19, 18, 17, 16

We count forward. We count backwards.

Complete the given number strips. a 12 14 16 b 654

Before, Between and After

Let us understand before, between and after with the help of numbers. 1234567891011121314151617181920

15 is before 16

The number before is 1 less than the given number.

151617 16 is in between 15 and 17. 17 is after 16.

The number after is 1 more than the given number. 151617 151617

Example 5: Write the number that comes after 19. Look at the number strip.

20 comes after 19. Fill in the boxes. Do It Together

Using the Number Strip Shobha is packing laddoos in boxes. She packs 9 laddoos in one box and 12 laddoos in another box.

Let us see which box has more laddoos?

12 is after 9.

So, 12 is more than 9. 9 is less than 12.

Example 6: Look at the pictures. Circle the box that shows the number that is less.

1 I am less than 19 but greater than 16. I am not 18. Who am I?

Ordering Numbers

Mother: Shobha, how can you arrange these diyas?

Shobha: I can try arranging them as per their size.

Ordering Smallest to Biggest

Shobha arranged the diyas from smallest to biggest. Let us understand arranging from smallest to biggest with the help of numbers.

Arrange the numbers 6, 9 and 4 from smallest to biggest.

1. Mark the numbers on the number strip.

2. Count forward to arrange the numbers from smallest to biggest.

Smallest to biggest

The numbers from smallest to biggest are 4, 6, 9.

Example 7: Arrange the numbers from smallest to biggest: 16, 19, 11, 8. Mark the numbers on the strip and count forward

Smallest to biggest

The numbers from smallest to biggest are 8, 11, 16, 19.

Arrange the numbers 9, 20, 18 and 10 from smallest to biggest.

9, , , 20

Ordering Biggest to Smallest

Shobha arranged some other diyas from biggest to smallest.

Let us understand arranging from biggest to smallest with the help of numbers.

Arrange the numbers 8, 15 and 10 from biggest to smallest.

1. Mark the numbers on the number strip.

2. Count backwards to arrange the numbers from biggest to smallest. Biggest to smallest 1234567891011121314151617181920

The numbers from biggest to smallest are 15, 10, 8.

Example 8: Arrange the numbers 15, 6, 10 and 18 from biggest to smallest. Biggest to smallest 1234567891011121314151617181920

The numbers from biggest to smallest are 18, 15, 10, 6.

Arrange these numbers from biggest to smallest.

It Yourself 2E

17, 11, 19, 10 19, , , 10

1 Arrange the things from smallest to biggest. Write 1 below the smallest object, 2 below the bigger one, and 3 below the biggest one.

2 Match the following such that the numbers are arranged from smallest to biggest.

3 Use the number strip to write the numbers from biggest to smallest. a 4 to 1 b 7 to 3 c 9 to 5 d 18 to 14

4 Heena, Seeren and Hira are on the beach. Heena picks up 16 empty bottles, Hira picks up 10 and Seeren picks up 13 bottles. They put them in the dustbin to clean the beach. Arrange the numbers from smallest to biggest.

5 Count the number of letters in the following names and arrange the names from smallest to biggest.

KAVYAVISHAKHANANDINI

Challenge

Critical Thinking & Art Integration

1 Draw leaves in the given trees to arrange the number of leaves from biggest to smallest.

Points to Remember

• 0 means nothing. 10 means 1 ten.

• The number after is 1 more than the given number.

• The number before is 1 less than the given number.

• From smallest to biggest, we start with the number that is smallest.

• From biggest to smallest, we start with the number that is biggest.

Math Lab

More or Less?

Collaboration & Experiential Learning

Setting: In pairs

Things required: Number cards from 1 to 20, 20 objects like pencils, crayons, beads, rajma beans, etc.

What to do?

1 Play this game for 5 rounds. Each pair will get a set of number cards.

2 The cards will be kept face down. Each student picks up one card.

3 Count and make the numbers with the help of the objects.

4 Who has more and less?

5 The child who gets more big numbers in 5 rounds, wins!

Chapter Checkup

Connect the dots by joining numbers from 1 to 20. 1

Match the pictures with the correct number of dots.

Count and write the numbers.

Complete the tables.

Look at the given number. Colour that number of objects.

Colour the objects and write the numbers and their number names.

Colour

Arrange the numbers from smallest to biggest and biggest to smallest.

a 15, 10, 16 b 11, 15, 13

Challenge

Sneha says that the biggest number among 9, 16, 10 and 6 is 10. Is she correct? Which is the smallest number?

I have 1 tens. I have 2 more ones than 5. What number am I?

Real-Life Maths

Let's Play Hopscotch!

Jhanvi and Karan are playing hopscotch in the garden. Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1 What is the highest number in the hopscotch? a 10 b 11 c 20 d 17

2 Which number is after 19?

3 The number is between 13 and 15.

4 Arrange the numbers from biggest to smallest.

5 Do you play hopscotch with your friends? What should you keep in mind while playing with your friends?

A ition up to 10

Let’s Recall

We can count and write the number of things.

How many bananas are there?

There are 5 bananas.

How many boys are there? How many girls are there?

There are 2 boys. There are 4 girls.

Let’s Warm-up Count and write the number of things.

Understanding Addition

Pihu went to a fair with her mother.

She bought a teddy bear.Then, Pihu got a ball. So, Pihu has and 1 toy 1 toy 2 toys

Counting Forward to Add

Pihu: I want some more toys.

Mother: Let us get them!

Adding One

Pihu also bought a doll.

2 toy and 1 toy is 3 toys

Let us understand this with the help of a number strip.

There were 2 toys. We circle 2 on the number strip. Pihu got 1 more. So, we jump 1 step forward. 12345678910

1 more

1 more than 2 is 3.

Remember!

When we add 1, we always get 1 more. We get the number that lies after, when we add 1.

Example 1: Rohit has 4 pencils. He got one more. How many does he have?

4 pencils and 1 pencil is 5 pencils.

There were 3 puppies in a basket. 1 more puppy was added. How many puppies are there in all?

Adding More Than One

We saw Pihu has 3 toys. Now she buys two more for her brother. How many does she have now?

3 toys and 2 toys makes 5 toys

Pihu has 5 toys altogether. Let us look at this on the number strip.

Circle 3. Jump 2 steps forward. We reach 5. and 3 puppies and 1 puppy is puppies.

2 more

Pihu and her brother have 5 toys altogether. They thank their mother for the toys. It is nice to be thankful.

Writing Addition Sentences

Let us write the addition sentence for 3 toys and 2 toys.

The addition sentence is 3 + 2 = 5 12345678910

There were 7 mangoes in a basket. 2 more were added to it. How many mangoes are there altogether? Write the addition sentence and draw jumps on the number strip to show.

Addition sentence = + = and mangoes is

Adding Zero

Mother: I have some apples in my basket.

Pihu: My basket is empty.

Mother: There are no apples in your basket. So, there are 0 apples.

Let us add to ﬁnd the total number of apples in both baskets. There were 2 bags with gifts.

Remember!

When we add 0 to a number, we get the same number as the answer.

Did You Know?

Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician explained addition with zero.

Draw jumps to show the addition using a number strip.

On her birthday, Leela distributed food equally among her two house helpers. Find the total. Write the addition sentences.

1 What addition sentence is shown by the number strip? 2 more Challenge Critical Thinking

Addition Rules

Pihu is excited! She is going to the orchard with her mother to pick apples.

Let us help her by adding the number of fruits both of them pick.

Order in Addition

Pihu had 3 apples in a basket and her mother had 5 apples in a basket. How many apples were there?

Now, if we change the order:

So, in both cases, the answer is the same.

Example 2: Look at the pictures. Count the ducks and the frogs. 3 + 2 = 5

In both cases, we get 5 as the answer. and and

Look at the pictures. Count the number of butterﬂies.

Addition Facts

The addition facts of a number are addition sentences that give the same number as the answer.

Addition facts of 3: Two numbers that add up to give 3 as the answer.

answer

Change the order.

Draw dots on the dice to add.

Write 3 addition facts of 6. Draw circles to show the numbers.

Adding Numbers

One day, Pihu and her mother bought 3 cupcakes from a cake shop. Her father got 3 more cupcakes from another shop. How many cupcakes are there? Let us look at one way to add them. and 3+3= 6

Let us learn another way of adding.

Vertical Addition

This can also be shown by writing the numbers one below the other.

Add the numbers.

There are trees in all.

Adding Three Numbers

Let us now learn how to add 3 numbers.

5 sharpeners

7 sharpeners

2 sharpeners

1 sharpener

8 sharpeners

Example 4: Find the total number of trees.

Add 7 and 1

Story Problems on Adding Numbers

There are 2 oranges and 4 apples. How many fruits are there?

Number of oranges 2

Number of apples 4 6

There are 6 fruits in all. +

Example 5: A girl had 2 red pencils and 3 blue pencils. How many pencils are there in all?

2 red pencils + 3 blue pencils = 5 pencils. Or

Number of red pencils = 2

Number of blue pencils = + 3 5

There are 5 pencils in all.

There are 5 girls and 3 boys playing in a park. How many children are there?

Number of girls = Number of boys = + 3

There are children in the park.

by writing the numbers one below

We should feed birds and animals. Rita feeds birds grain every day. On a day, Rita feeds 3 crows and 5 sparrows. How many birds did she feed in all?

A coop or pen is a place where chickens are kept. Ramesh had 5 chickens in one coop and 4 chickens in another coop. How many chickens did Ramesh have?

Challenge

1 A teacher groups children to make pairs of roll numbers that add up to 9. She paired students with roll numbers 6 with 3, and 1 with 8. The student with what roll number will be the partner of roll number 2?

Points to Remember

•The ‘+’ sign is used to show addition.

•Zero means nothing.

•When we add 0 to a number, we get the same answer.

•Changing the order of numbers in addition does not change the answer.

•Each number has one more addition fact than the number itself.

Math Lab

Collaboration & Experiential Learning

Roll the Dice

Things required:

• Number cards 0 to 9.

• Beads in two colours (red and blue), string. Setting: Play in groups of 3.

What to do?

1 Each group to get the number cards and beads.

2 One child will arrange the cards in such a manner that their sum must be 8.

3 Child 2 will show the addition shown by the cards on the beads.

4 Child 3 will check both the number cards and the number beads for the addition.

5 The ﬁrst group to show the correct addition using both the cards and the beads, wins. Repeat for addition rules for more numbers.

Chapter Checkup

Use the number strip to add the numbers. 1

Fill in the blanks with the correct number.

Write true or false.

Which of these are addition facts of 6? Colour the boxes in blue.

Create a word problem to show addition of 3 and 1.

8 Kanche (Marbles) is one of the most loved game that children in villages play. Mili has won 6 kanche. Rohan won 3 kanche. How many kanche did they win in all?

9 Harshit has 5 pens. Megha gives him 3 more pens. How many pens are there with Harshit?

Circle any two numbers together that add up to 9. Hint: The numbers can go across, down or diagonally. 1

Real-Life Maths

Bus Ride to Fun

Ruhaan and his friends are going for a picnic in a bus. Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1 How many kids are there in the bus?

a 5 b 6 c 7 d 8

2 There is/are dog/s in the bus.

3 How many girls and boys are there in the bus?

4 Do you go for picnics? Where and how?

5 What you should not do when travelling in a vehicle?

34 Subtraction up to 10

Let’s Recall

Let us count to ﬁnd out which is more or less.

Understanding Subtraction

Soni is baking cookies for her friends. She bakes 10 cookies.

Mona eats 1 cookie.

Can you tell me how many are left now?

Count Back to Subtract

There were 10 cookies. Mona ate 1 cookie.

When we take away any number of things, it is called subtraction.

Subtracting One

Let us ﬁnd out how many cookies are left when 1 cookie is taken away.

There were 10 cookies. Mona ate 1 cookie. We cross out 1 cookie.

9 cookies are left.

Using the Number Strip

Let us subtract 1 from 10 on a number strip.

This can be written as: 1 2 3

10 – 1 = 9

Take away 1

Total number of things Number of things left Number of things taken away

A minus ‘–’ sign is used to show subtraction.

Remember!

When we subtract 1 from a number, we get the number before it.

Example 1: There were 8 mangoes on a tree. 1 mango fell. How many were left?

Example 2: Show 6 – 3 on the number train. We start at 6 and move 1 step back. Do this 3 times.

We get 3. So, 6 – 3 = 3. 7 mangoes were left.

9 children are playing. 2 children went home. How many children are playing now? Show it on the number train.

Look at how many things are taken away. Write how many are left. 3

Draw a number strip and ﬁll in the blanks. 4

a 6 frogs, 2 jumped away, left b 7 ice creams, 4 eaten, left

Challenge Critical Thinking & Value Development

1 Diya has 6 sweets. Her friend Raghav has no sweets. Diya shares sweets with Raghav. She now is left with 2 less sweets. How many sweets did she share?

Subtraction Rules

Heena is counting the oranges she has in her basket. She wants to share the oranges with her friends. It is good to share.

Subtracting the Number Before

There are 7 oranges in a basket. Heena takes away 6 oranges. How many are left?

Remember! When we subtract the number before, we always get 1.

There is only 1 orange left now.

Let us subtract 6 from 7 on a number strip. We

Do It Together

Take away 5 pencils from 6. How many are left? Show this on the number train.

Do It Together

______ pencil is left. 6 – 5 =

Do It Together

Subtracting a Number from Itself

There are 5 birds on a branch. All the birds ﬂew away. No bird is left on the branch.

Example 3: There are 4 seashells. Tina takes away all the seashells. How many are left?

Remember!

When we subtract, we move backwards on a number strip.

Remember!

There are 0 seashells left. 4 – 4 = 0

When we take away the same number of things, we get 0.

There are butter ies in the garden. ll o them y away. ow many butter ies are le t in the garden?

There are _____ butterﬂies left in the garden. 6 – 6 =

Subtracting Zero

There were 5 balloons. 0 balloons burst. How many are left?

5 – 0 = 5

When we subtract 0 from a number, the number itself is the answer.

birds are sitting on a roo . one o them ew away. ow many are le t

There are birds left.

Subtraction Facts of Numbers

Let us look at the subtraction facts of some numbers. 1 – 0 = 1 1 – 1 = 0

Subtraction Facts of 2

Subtraction Facts of 1 2 – 0 = 2

– 1 = 1 2 – 2 = 0

Subtraction Facts of 3

= 3

Subtraction Facts of 4

Think and Tell

If we take away 1 from 3 and add 1 more, how much do we get?

Example 4: Write 3 subtraction facts of 5.

Write 3 subtraction facts of 6. Do It Together 6 – 0 = 6

There are 9 butterﬂies. Cross out 8 pictures to ﬁnd out how many are left.

There are 9 pears in a tree. 2 pears fall down. Draw a picture to show how many are left.

Write 3 subtraction facts for each of these numbers.

Diya is planting tree saplings in the neighbourhood park. She had 9 saplings and she planted 8 saplings. How many saplings were left with her? Do you plant tree saplings?

1 Rohan has 5 laddoos on a plate, and he does not want to share with anyone. Draw and show how many laddoos are left on the plate.

Subtracting Numbers

Mother bought 7 potatoes from the market.

She uses 4 potatoes for cooking. How many potatoes are left?

Vertical Subtraction

We have to ﬁnd 7 – 4:

1. Write the big number at the top and the small number below. Add a minus sign before the small number.

2. Take away 4 from 7.

Take away 4 potatoes from 7. We get: We can also write it as: 7 – 4 = 3.

Show 5 – 2 by crossing out the cars.

In vertical subtraction, always write the big number at the top and the small number below: Error Alert!

are cars left.

Story Problems on Subtracting Numbers

Soni bought 5 books. She gave 2 books to her brother. How many were left?

Number of books Soni bought = 5

Number of books she gave away = 2

Did You Know?

Shakuntala Devi was known as the human computer because of her fast calculation speed.

Take away 2 books from 5. We get: Soni was left with 3 books.

Example 5: Ramesh has 7 toys. He gives away 5 toys to his sister. How many toys are left with Ramesh?

Take away 5 toys from 7. We get:

Ramesh has 2 toys left.

Priya had 8 balloons. 4 balloons burst. How many balloons are left with Priya?

Number of balloons with Priya =

of balloons that burst = 4

ﬁnd

Trisha has 7 cups. She gives 4 cups to Tina. How many cups are left with Trisha?

Makar Sankranti is a kite ﬂying festival in India. Friends and family ﬂy kites together. Meera has 9 kites. She gives 5 kites to Mita. How many kites are left with Meera?

Create your own story problem on subtracting two numbers.

1 An ant has 6 legs. A spider has 8 legs. Who has more legs? How many more? Challenge Critical Thinking

Points to Remember

•When we subtract, the number of things becomes less.

•The minus ‘–’ sign is used to show subtraction.

•We always subtract the smaller number from the bigger number.

•When we subtract the number before, we get 1.

• When we subtract 0 from any number, we get the same number.

•When we subtract the same number, we get 0.

Let's Play a Game!

Things Needed:

•10 mango leaves, thin rope

•2 clothes clips, marker

Setting: 4 children in a group.

What to do?

1 Prepare a toran using mango leaves and rope in each group.

2 Mark numbers from 1 to 10 on each leaf using a marker.

3 Two children will hold the ends of the rope tightly.

4 To subtract 5 from 8, the third student places the ﬁrst clip on 8.

5 Next, the fourth student will count 5 steps backwards from 8 and place the second clip on 3. So, 8 – 5 = 3.

6 Continue the game with other numbers.

Chapter Checkup

Look at the picture. Cross out to show the answer. Fill in the blanks.

6 lemons. Take away 5. left.

Subtract and ﬁll in the blanks.

Cross out the cushions to solve. Circle the correct answer.

6 lemons. Take away 2.

8 Langdi or Hopscotch is a game where children jump from one square to another. 7 kids start playing hopscotch. 2 are out. How many children are left in the game?

9 Green chilli or Hari mirch is a common spice used in every Indian household to make curry. They are rich in Vitamin C. Preeti had 7 green chillies. She used 3 green chillies in her vegetable and 1 green chilli in her dal. How many green chillies were left with Preeti?

10 Roy washed 8 plates. Jia washed 7 plates. Who washed more plates? How many more? Do you help with household work? Why should you help?

1 Fill in the blank with symbols and numbers.

2 Bhavya puts 9 biscuits on a plate. Her sister eats 3 biscuits. Raanu then puts 4 more biscuits. How many biscuits are there ﬁnally on a plate?

Real-Life Maths

Happy Evenings

Creativity & Value Development

Mira loves to go to the park in the evening. Her grandfather takes her to the park every day. Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1 How many children are there in the park?

a 4 b 3 c 5

2 There are 2 birds in the park. Both of them ﬂy away. How many are left? a 0

3 Fill in the blanks.

a There is dog in the park.

b There are children on the slide.

4 Do you spend time with your grandparents? How?

5 Draw your own park scene.

5 Shapes and Pa erns

Let’s Recall

We see diﬀerent things around us. Some are big and some are small.

Let’s Warm-up

Tick (✓) the box below the BIG thing.

A cake is BIG.

An elephant is BIG.

A pastry is small.

A chick is small.

All About Shapes

Mini’s mother baked some cookies.

Mini: Wow, Mummy! These cookies look so diﬀerent.

Mummy: Yes Mini! I baked them in diﬀerent shapes and sizes.

Flat Shapes

Diﬀerent shapes? Diﬀerent sizes? What are

Let us learn about diﬀerent shapes and sizes.

Here are the cookies of diﬀerent shapes and sizes.

Different Shapes

Now let us learn the names of diﬀerent shapes.

Some cookies are BIG and some are small. They are all of diﬀerent sizes.

Example 1: Name the ﬂat shape that you see in these things.

Trace the shapes. Write the name of the shape in the box.

Same Shapes

Look at some things that have the same shape.

Example 2: Tick (✓) the box for things that have the shape of a CIRCLE.

Colour all the squares.

1 Heena drew this picture.

a Which shapes did she use to make the tree?

b Which shapes did she use to make the roof?

c Which shape has she NOT used?

Straight Lines and Curved lines

Mini goes to a garden. She sees so many trees and plants. There are two paths to walk on.

These paths look diﬀerent from each other.

Let me tell you how.

Challenge Critical Thinking Straight Lines Curved Lines

Straight lines can be of diﬀerent types.

4 straight lines

Example 3: How many straight lines and curves do you see in these shapes? Join the dots to take the cars to the parking lot.

3 straight lines 2 straight lines, 1 curve

Write S if the line is straight. Write C if the line is curved. Name the striaght lines as standing, sleeping or slanting.

Circle the shapes that are made ONLY with STRAIGHT lines.

Challenge

Critical Thinking

1 Read the letters in the word FUNNY. Write T for True and F for False.

a U is a curve.

b Y has a curved line.

c F has 1 standing line and 2 sleeping lines.

d N has 1 curved line and 2 straight lines.

Shapes Around Us

Milli is playing with her blocks.

Milli: I have blocks in so many shapes. I can see squares and rectangles in some of the blocks and triangles in some.

Solid Shapes

These are some of the blocks. We can hold them. They have a shape. These are called solid shapes.

Solid Shapes

Sorting Solid Shapes

Many things around us have the same solid shapes.

Example 4: Cross out () the odd solid shape.

1 2

Colour the solid shape that matches the shape of the object.

Rolling and Sliding

Some solid shapes roll and some slide.

A sphere can roll.

A cube and a cuboid can slide.

A cylinder can both roll and slide. Sliding Rolling

Remember!

Things around us are solid shapes. We can touch and hold them.

Tick (✓) if the object will roll, slide or both roll and slide. Name the shape of the things.

Look at the picture. Write the shapes of the things marked.

Sam and Sia are playing in the park. They share turns to play on the slide. Then, they put objects on the slide. Tick () the ones that are rolling down.

b Have you seen a matchbox? Does it slide or roll? Challenge

1 Look at the picture. Answer the questions.

a Look at the fallen cone. Will it roll or slide?

Patterns

Milli’s mother buys a sari.

Milli: Maa, this is pretty.

Maa: Yes, Milli. I really like the pattern on it.

Milli: What is a pattern?

Repeating Patterns

Look at the saree again. Can you see that some repeating shapes on this saree?

We can see red and blue triangles repeating as red, blue, red, blue. Let us look at one more pattern.

Maa: Milli, we see patterns in lots of other things also like: animal skin (cat, zebra), leaves, a beehive, etc.

Remember!

Patterns are formed with repeated shapes or colours.

Milli: Maa, I got it. Guess what? I can make a pattern using actions like clapping and snapping my ﬁngers.

Example 5: Extend the given pattern. Think and Tell Do you think day and night have a pattern?

1 23456

Here, the number of triangles is increasing as 1 triangle, 2 triangles, 3 triangles, 4 triangles, 5 triangles and 6 triangles.

Did You Know?

We can use thumb prints to create pictures of diﬀerent animals, birds and ﬂowers.

clap

clap snap snap snap snap

a snap, clap, clap, snap, clap, clap, , . b tap, blink, tap, blink, , .

Milli knows how to make patterns now. She has some number cards. She is trying to make a pattern with them. See how she places the cards.

The numbers 1 and 2 are repeating. This is a number pattern. Let us see some examples of number patterns.

Example 6: Which is the correct number pattern?

Pattern B is the

Do It Yourself 5E

) the set of numbers that form a pattern.

a 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5 b 33, 32, 31, 30 c 3, 6, 9, 12, 15

Circle the next number in the pattern.

Fill in the next 2 numbers in the pattern.

a 4 5 6 4 5 6 4 _________ _________

A Seven-Spotted Ladybird Beetle is a beetle that has 7 spots. Look at the pattern. Fill in the blanks.

a b c 7 spots 14 spots 21 spots

Challenge

1 Sarah created a number pattern with 0 and 1 as 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1. Create 2 number patterns with the numbers 2 and 3.

Points to Remember

•Circles, squares, rectangles and triangles are ﬂat shapes.

•Things can have the same shape but diﬀerent sizes.

•Cubes, cuboids, spheres, cones and cylinders are solid shapes.

•Solid shapes can roll or slide. A cylinder can both roll and slide.

•A pattern will have shapes or colours that repeat.

• Patterns in numbers can be seen if we repeat numbers in an order, add or subtract the same number again and again. 3 4 3 4 3 4

Drawing Shapes!

Aim: To create patterns with vegetable prints.

Things required: Diﬀerent vegetables, white drawing paper, string, water colours

Setting: Groups of 5

What to do?

1 Take two vegetables and cut them into slices.

3 Use these vegetables stamps to make rangoli decorations for your colony or community celebrations. Experiential Learning &

2 Dip the slices in colour and make patterns on the paper.

Chapter Checkup

Cross out () the odd shape.

Look at the picture. Count and write the number of shapes.

a Squares b Triangles

c Circles d Rectangles

Colour the pictures with ONLY curved lines. 3

the solid shapes with their correct names.

Help the dog reach the boy. Draw the lines on the path.

Did you draw curved lines or straight lines?

2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, , ,

22, 21, 20, , ,

5, 10, 15, , ,

2, 5, 8, 11, , ,

Use thumbprints to create a pattern using two diﬀerent colours.

Challenge

Look at the book. Raj puts 4 such books one on top of the other. What solid shape will they make?

Critical Thinking

Real-Life Maths Value Development & Creativity

Sam's Birthday Party!

Look at the birthday party picture and answer the questions.

1 Name the solid shape of the juice bottle. a cube b cuboid c cylinder d sphere

2 Name the 2-D shape made by the plate. a square b rectangle c triangle d circle

3 Count the number of straight lines in the party hats.

4 Sam distributed sweets to the poor in his neighborhood. Do you help the poor and needy around you? How?

5 Draw a picture to show your own birthday party.

6 A ition and Subtraction up to 20

Let’s Recall

Imagine you are in a garden.

There are 2 blue ﬂowers. There are 2 yellow ﬂowers.

How many ﬂowers are there?

2 + 2 = 4. 4 is called the sum.

When we add two numbers, it is called addition.

There are 5 ﬂowers. Jay takes away 2 ﬂowers. How

ﬂowers

Let’s Warm-up Match the picture with the

Raju’s and Sanju’s mother bought some fruits.

Hi, Sanju! Mother bought 5 bananas. Yes Raju! She also bought 8 apples. How many apples and bananas do we have altogether?

Adding Beyond 10

Let us help Raju and Sanju ﬁnd the total number of fruits. Put all the fruits together.

8 + 5 = ?

Counting Forward to Add

Start from the number 8. Count 5 numbers forward. We reach 13.

8 + 5 = 13.

So, Raju and Sanju have 13 fruits altogether. Remember! We get a bigger number when we count forward to add.

Example 1: There are 7 monkeys in a tree. 4 more join them. How many monkeys are in the tree in total?

Start from 7. Count 4 numbers forward. We will reach 11.

7 + 4 = 11. So, there are 11 monkeys in the tree.

You have 9 erasers. Your friend has 6 erasers. How many erasers are there altogether? Show this on the number line.

Start from . Count numbers forward. We reach .

9 + 6 = . There are erasers in total.

Making 10 to Add

Raju has 7 umbrellas. Sanju has 6 umbrellas. How many umbrellas do they have altogether?

Step 1: Make a group of 10.

Step 2: Count the umbrellas left.

Raju Sanju

Step 3: Add 10 and the number of umbrellas left.

10 + 3 = 13

Can you add 2 numbers only by using your ﬁngers? Think and Tell

3 umbrellas 10 umbrellas

Remember!

The sum is bigger than the numbers added. For example: 10 + 5 = 15 15 is bigger than 10 and 5.

Example 2: Adi has 8 oranges. Om has 7 apples. How many oranges and apples do they have?

Step 1: Put 10 fruits in one group.

Step 2: Count the fruits left.

Step 3: Add 10 fruits and 5 fruits

10 + 5 = 15

So, they have 15 fruits.

There are 9 fallen leaves. 5 more leaves fall. How many leaves have fallen in total?

Put 10 leaves in a group. Count the leaves left. 10 + =

There are fallen leaves in total.

1 Shilpa added 9 + 5 on the beads as shown below. Colour the beads to show 8 + 3.

Vertical Addition

Jiya has 13 clips. Her father bought 5 more clips.

How can we help Jiya ﬁnd the total number of clips?

Adding 2-digit and 1-digit Numbers

How many clips do I have now?

We can write the numbers one below the other and add.

Step 1: Write the numbers as tens and ones.

Step 2: Add the ones. Write below the ones.

Step 3: Bring down the tens.

Step 4: Count the clips to check your answer.

So, Jiya has 18 clips.

Example 3: Add 14 and 5.

Add 15 and 2. Do

So, 14 + 5 = 19.

So, 15 + 2 = _______ .

Story Sums on Addition

Sara has 13 big and 4 tiny seeds to sow. How many seeds does she have in total?

13 + 4 = 17. Sara has 17 seeds.

Example 4: Meena has 15 strawberries. Seema has 1 strawberry. How many strawberries do they have altogether?

15 + 1 = 16. So, they have 16 strawberries altogether.

16 At a supermarket, there are 11 windows and 5 doors. How many doors and windows are there altogether?

So, there are doors and windows at the supermarket.

Add to ﬁnd the total number of balloons. 1 bunch = 10 balloons

Add by writing the numbers one below the other. Draw lines to show the numbers.

11 + 7

Reading books is a good habit. It increases your knowledge. Misty read 13 pages on Monday. She reads 7 more pages on Tuesday. How many pages did she read in total?

1 Draw dots on each of the ladybird’s wings to show 6 + 5. Then, colour the dots and ladybird.

Let’s Subtract

Sanju has 15 pencils. He gives 5 pencils to Ahan. How many pencils are left with Sanju?

Subtracting Numbers up to 20

Let us help ﬁnd the number of pencils left with Sanju.

Taking Away

We can cross out things to subtract.

Do It

15 pencils. Take away 5 pencils.

10 pencils are left.

Example 5: There are 12 cups in the kitchen. Jack uses 5 cups. How many cups are left unused?

12 cups – 5 cups

12 cups. Cross out 5 cups.

7 cups are left. So, 12 – 5 = 7.

There are 13 pens on a table. A student takes 4 pens. How many pens are le t Cross out to find the answer.

13 pens. Cross out pens. pens are left. So, 13 – 4 = 13 pens – 4 pens

Counting Back to Subtract

We can also subtract by counting backwards on a number line.

Let us subtract 5 from 15.

Start from 15. Count backwards 5 times.

012345678 54321 91011121314151617181920

We reach the number 10.

15 – 5 = 10 Remember!

Subtract 6 from 14 using the number line.

The number left after subtraction is called the diﬀerence.

01234567891011121314151617181920

Count backwards 6 times. We reach the number . So, 14 – 6 = .

Vertical Subtraction

We can also subtract by writing the numbers one below the other.

Let us subtract 2 from 16.

Step 1: Write the numbers one below the other.

Step 2: Subtract the ones. 6 – 2 = 4

Step 3: Bring down the tens.

14 16 – 2 = 14

Example 6: Subtract 5 from 17.

17 – 5 = 12

Story Sums on Subtraction

Error Alert!

Never write a bigger number below a smaller number.

– 5 = Subtract: 18 – 5.

Siya has 19 toy cars. She gives 5 toy cars to her brother. How many toy cars are left with Siya?

19 – 5 = 14. So, Siya has 14 toy cars left.

Example 7: There are 17 apples in a basket. 7 apples are green. How many red apples are there in the basket?

TensOnes

17 – 7 = 10. There are 10 red apples in the basket.

Shelly has 19 oranges. She gives 7 oranges to Isha. How many oranges are left with Shelly?

TensOnes 19 –7

19 – 7 = . Shelly has oranges left.

the numbers. Cross out the lines to show the answer.

Seed paper is eco-friendly paper with vegetable seeds in them. There are 18 seed papers in a shop. 5 seed papers are sold. How many seed papers are left?

1 Dan jumped back from 16 on the number line to reach 8. How many jumps did he take? Write the subtraction sentence.

Points to Remember

• When we put more things in a group of things, it is addition.

• ‘+’ is a plus sign. It is used for addition.

• When we take away things from a group of things, it is subtraction.

• ‘–’ is a minus sign. It is used for subtraction.

• Addition and subtraction are the opposite of each other.

Setting: The whole class, divided into two teams

Materials: A paper, a pen, and chalk

What to do?

1 On the ﬂoor, draw a number line up to 20 with chalk.

2 One student from each team to stand on any number on the number line.

3 The teacher will then ask to add or subtract a 1-digit number from the number the player is standing on.

Math Lab

Experiential Learning & Collaboration

4 The player needs to jump that many numbers forward or backwards to reach the answer. He or she can take the help of his or her team until the other team counts to 20.

5 Every time a player moves to the correct answer on the line, the team gets a point. The team that gets more points, wins the game.

Subtract. Cross out the lines to show the answer.

Tamarind trees are grown for their fruit and shade. Rama planted 18 tamarind saplings. Out of that, 6 tamarind saplings died due to heat. How many saplings are left?

Pattals are dried-leaf plates that do not harm the soil when thrown away. Rama had 20 pattals. 8 were torn. How many pattals could be used?

Real-life Maths

Mili is celebrating Christmas with her family. Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1 There are 12 bulbs and 1 star on the Christmas tree. How many decorations are there altogether?

2 Mili’s friends and grandparents gave her 10 gifts. Her parents got her 4 more gifts. How many gifts does she have now altogether?

3 In her gifts, Mili found 11 toys. She kept 3 toys aside for her friends. How many toys are left with Mili now?

3 – 11 = 8 b 11 – 8 = 3

3 – 8 = 11 d 11 – 3 = 8

4 In a gift box, Mili got 18 candies. She gave away 8 candies to children in need. How many candies were left with her?

37 Numbers up to 50

Let’s Recall

We know numbers up to 20. We also learnt their names.

We know how to make bundles of tens.

Let’s Warm-up

Match the numbers with their number names.

Numbers from 21 to 50

Aunt Simmi is 50 years old today! Roy and his sister Jenny are decorating for the party!

Jenny: Roy, we should put something related to the number 50. What can it be?

Roy: We can put up 50 balloons!

Jenny: We cannot blow 50 balloons so fast! Let us put 50 ﬂags.

Making Tens up to 50

Let us count.

sticks = 1 bundle = 1 tens. Write the tens these bundles make. Write the numbers of sticks.

Example 1: Count in tens and write the number. 10 straws = 1 bundle = 1 tens. Write the tens these bundles make.

1 Rima has 30 sticks. How many more sticks does she need to make 5 tens?

HINT: 1 tens = 1 bundle = 10 sticks.

Writing Numbers

Roy and Jenny get 5 strings of bunting with 50 ﬂags. 1 ﬂag shows 1 birthday!

Jenny! How will aunt Simmi know that there are 50 ﬂags?

That is easy! I can write numbers on the ﬂags with my colour pens.

Read the numbers Jenny writes on the ﬂags.

Counting Forward and Backwards

Read the numbers on the flags again. Read them this way:

1 Look at the colours of the boxes with missing numbers. Fill in the same colour under the number that can ﬁt in the box.

4143454750 Missing Numbers 4448424946 Colour of the box

Tens and Ones

The decoration is done. Roy and Jenny are all set for the party.

Jenny! We forgot to set out snacks for the guests.

Oh! Let me get some cookies.

We put 10 cookies in each bowl. 10 cookies = 1 bowl = 1 tens.

20 cookies = 2 bowls = 2 tens.

Count some more cookies and check their numbers. 10 sticks = 1 bundle

Example 3: 10 balloons = 1 bunch = 1 tens. Write the tens and ones of the balloons.

Count and write the tens and ones. Then, write the number they make together.

1 I am a number. I have the same number of tens as the number of noses you have. I have the same number of ones as the number of ﬁngers you have in one hand. Who am I?

Number Names

Roy and Jenny wait for aunt Simmi to start the party.

Jenny! How can we read these numbers?

twentyone twentytwo twentythree twentyfour twentyﬁve twentysix twentyseven twentyeight twentynine thirty

thirtyone thirtytwo thirtythree thirtyfour thirtyfive thirtysix thirtyseven thirtyeight thirtynine forty 41424344454647484950 fortyone fortytwo fortythree fortyfour fortyfive fortysix fortyseven fortyeight fortynine fifty

Did You Know?

Srinivasa Ramanujan, an Indian mathematician, contributed to the study of numbers.

Do It Yourself 7D Write the number names. 24: twenty- 37: thirty49: 25: Do It Together

Roy, we can use number names to read these numbers. Circle the correct name of the number 26. two-six twenty-ﬁve twenty-one twenty-six Tick () if the number name is correct. Put a cross () if it is wrong. a 45: forty-ﬁve b 34: forty-three c 21: one-two d 39: thirty-nine 2

Think and Tell 41 is forty-one. Can you read 51 in the same way?

Match the numbers with their names.

a 23 thirty-ﬁve

b 35 forty-six

c 46 sixty

d 60 twenty-three 3

A goat lives in a barn. There are 30 goats on a farm. 10 goats are put in each barn. How many barns are needed? Write the number as a number name.

Challenge

1 Write any 5 number names for 2-digit numbers that these words can make.

Comparing Numbers up to 50

Roy and Jenny are looking at the numbers.

Roy! Look, the number 24 comes before 25. Yes Jenny! And the number 26 comes after 25.

We count forward for bigger numbers. We count backwards for smaller numbers.

Roy: Now I can see 22, 47 and 35. How do I know which is the biggest and the smallest?

Jenny: See the number grid. We see that 22 comes before 47 and 35. So, 22 is the smallest, and 47 is the biggest, as it comes after 22 and 35.

We can order them from smallest to biggest as 22, 35, 47. We can order them from biggest to smallest as 47, 35, 22.

Example 4: Arrange these numbers from biggest to smallest: 49, 50, 44, 40, 42.

50, 49, 44, 42, 40 Fill in the numbers.

Jersey is the sports shirts, worn by members of a sports teams, with number printed behind them. Arrange these numbers that are written on jerserys from smallest to biggest: 39, 40, 34, 30, 32.

1 Rima’s dad is 35 years old. Her mom is 37 years old. Whose age is the bigger number—Dad’s or Mom’s?

Points to Remember

•10 ones = 1 tens. A number can be written as tens and ones.

•We can read and write numbers forward and backwards.

•Every number has a name. 37 is thirty-seven, and 40 is forty.

•The number before is one less than the number.

•The number after is one more than the number.

Value Game

& Experiential Learning

Setting: In groups of 5

Material: Dice, place value sheet as shown, notebooks, buttons What to do?

1 Each child gets some buttons.

2 Children will start at the point where ’Start‘ is written.

3 Roll the dice. Move the same numbers that you got on the dice on the outer grid.

4 Read the tens and ones written in the outer grid to form the number.

4211482428 2913441615 1837223319 2040121045

5 Now, go to the number formed in the inner grid and place your button.

6 Other children in the group will check their answer. If the answer is incorrect, the button is removed.

7 The child that has the most number of buttons in the inner grid, wins the game.

Collaboration

Place

Math Lab

Diwali is the festival of lights. We light diyas or candles at home on Diwali. Raj buys many candles for diwali. Each pack has 10 candles and some are loose. How many candles are there altogether?

Challenge

1 Rupa puts number cards in a line like this: Amit puts them in a line like this:

a Who put the cards to show counting backwards?

b Write the numbers that show forward counting. What number card will come after the last number card?

2 There are 2 tens. Make the number 25 by drawing lines to show the ones.

Real-Life Maths

Vegetable Farm

Cross Curricular & Art Integration

Look at the vegetable farm and answer the following questions.

1 How many dogs are there?

2 How many ones will the cabbages make?

3 How many tens will the turnips make?

4 How many loose carrots are left after making a bundle of 10?

5 Have you ever visited any farm? Draw a picture of it.

Spinach

Carrots

Turnips Cabbages

38 Measurement

Let’s Recall

We compare things to understand which things are long or short, heavy or light, or thick or thin.

Let’s Warm-up

Pick words from the box. Fill in the blanks.

Comparing Lengths

Rahul and Raj were discussing the size of their pencils.

Raj: I have a longer pencil.

Rahul: No Raj, I have a longer pencil.

Let us put the pencils side by side, and then see.

Raj’s pencil Shorter

Rahul’s pencil Longer

Rahul has a longer pencil than Raj.

Now, Sara also wants to see if her pencil is longer or shorter. Let us compare the 3 pencils.

Raj’s pencil

Rahul’s pencil

Sara’s pencil Shortest Longest

Measuring and Comparing Lengths

We can compare the lengths of diﬀerent things to ﬁnd which is shorter, longer, shortest or longest.

We can compare heights to ﬁnd the taller, tallest, shorter or shortest thing.

How can we compare lengths of things which we cannot put side by side?

We can measure lengths of bigger things using smaller things like erasers, pencils and crayons.

Length of table = 3 pencilsLength of window = 4 pencils

So, the window is longer than the table.

Using Body Parts to Measure and Compare Length

We can use our body parts to measure the lengths of things.

Handspan Feet Finger Pace

Cubit

Let us look at more examples of comparing lengths using body parts.

Length of carpet = 8 foot spans

Length of table = 8 handspans

Can we compare the lengths of the carpet and the table?

No, we should use the same body part to measure each of them.

Let us measure the length of the carpet using handspans.

The length of the carpet is 9 handspans.

So, the carpet is longer than the table.

Example 1: Tick () the longer box.

6 handspans

4 handspans

easure the length o these lines using one finger. Com are the lengths.

Line is the longest. b Line is the shortest.

Do It Yourself 8A

Banana LeafMango Leaf

1 Draw a line longer than the ribbon.

Comparing Weights

Rahul: Sara, my school bag is heavy!

Sara: But Rahul, my school bag is heavier!

How can Rahul and Sara ﬁnd out which bag is heavy and which bag is light?

Heavy or Light

Things can be heavy or light. Some are heavy and some are light. We can compare the weight of things using a simple balance. There are two sides of a simple balance. The heavier side will go down.

When both sides are balanced, things have the same weight. The weight of the green apple is the same as the weight of the red apple.

Example 2: Circle the hea ier animal.

Tick (✓ the hea y thing. Cross out ) the light thing.

Same weight

Write T if true or F if false.

a A brick is heavier than a ﬂower.

b A pencil is lighter than a big rock.

c An apple is heavier than an elephant.

Ann puts 2 balls on a simple balance. Which is heavier? Why?

Challenge

1 Name one thing that is heavier than each of these things.

Comparing Weights Using a Simple Balance

Tinku, Minku and Riya were helping their mother to carry boxes. Riya carried the box easily. Rinku had diﬃculty in carrying it. Tinku was not able to lift the box. Why can Riya lift the box so easily? Let us see why.

The weight of Riya’s box was 10 blocks. It was light.

The weight of Rinku’s box was 20 blocks. It was a heavier box than Riya’s box.

The weight of Tinku’s box was 30 blocks. It was the heaviest box.

Ball A

Ball B

So, we can ﬁnd the weight of things, using blocks. They are also called unit cubes.

Think and Tell

Are bigger objects always heavier than smaller ones?

Example 3: What is the weight of the book and the water bottle in blocks?

The weight of the book is 4 blocks. The weight of the water bottle is 7 blocks. rite the weight o the things in bloc s. hich is the hea iest

The weight of the ball is 2 marbles. The weight of the cup is 6 marbles. Draw marbles and ﬁll in the blanks.

The is heavier than the .

What is the weight of these things in blocks? Write down which is the heaviest. 3

Given are the weights of three things:

Spoon = 4 blocks

Glass = 15 blocks

Cup = 12 blocks

Write the names of these three things from the heaviest to the lightest.

Challenge

Critical Thinking

1 1 brick = 5 blocks. How many blocks do we need to weigh 4 bricks?

Comparing Capacity

Raj was ﬁlling a jug and a bottle with water using a mug.

1 jug = 5 mugs

What do you notice? Let us learn about it. 1 bottle = 3 mugs

How Much Does It Hold

Since the mug is smaller than the jug and the bottle, the mug has less capacity.

The capacity of the jug = 5 mugs. The capacity of the bottle = 3 mugs. Capacity tells us how much water a container can hold. Some containers hold more. Some containers hold less.

Example 4: Which bottle holds more hich holds less

Bottle B holds more. Bottle A holds less.

Example 5: hat is the ca acity of the jug?

Capacity of the jug = 4 glasses

the bottle = glasses Capacity of the bucket = ____ jugs

Find the capacity. 2 Do It Yourself 8D

) the container that holds more.

Capacity of the mug = glasses

Find the capacity of the given containers.

Capacity of the bucket = glasses

b A kettle can hold 8 cups of tea. Capacity of the kettle = cups 3

a A pot can hold 4 cups of tea. Capacity of the pot = cups

Rao used a bucket of water to wash his bicycle. Raj opened a tap and used a pipe to wash his bicycle. Who is helping to save water? How?

Challenge

Critical Thinking

1 A glass can hold 2 cups of water. A jug can hold 4 cups of water. A bucket can hold 8 cups of water. How many times will you need to ﬁll the glass and pour the water into the bucket, to ﬁll the bucket completely?

Comparing Capacity

Rahul ﬁlls the bucket with 8 mugs of water. Shreya ﬁlls the bowl with 4 mugs of water.

Which has more capacity the bucket or the bowl?

Capacity of bucket = 8 mugs

Capacity of pot = 4 mugs

A bigger container will hold more water than a smaller container. Let us compare the capacity of 3 containers.

Buttermilk is made from curd. Tisya and her grandmother make buttermilk in three pots. Arrange them from the least to the most capacity.

1 Which container should we use to ﬁll a bucket faster—a cup or a jug? Why?

Points to Remember

•Length helps us know which objects are longer or shorter.

•Weight helps us know which object is heavy or light.

•Capacity is the amount a container can hold.

Measure Your Friend

Material required: Pencil

Setting: In pairs

Procedure: Ask your partner to stand against a wall.

1 Mark the wall with the pencil, where the head meets the wall.

2 Measure the height of your friend with your handspan.

3 Ask your partner to measure your height as well with his/her handspan.

Use your body parts to measure. Fill in the blanks.

a My pencil is ﬁngers long. b My lunch box is handspans long. 2 How long are these objects?

Choose the correct option and ﬁll in the blanks.

b A rat is than a giraﬀe. (heavier/lighter) 5 A watermelon has the same weight as 4 apples. Draw the apples and the watermelon on the pans of the simple balance.

a A boy is ________________________ than an apple. (heavier/lighter)

Write the capacity of the given containers.

Colour the blocks to show how tall each object is. Count how many blocks tall each object is.

Challenge

Sara’s table is 6 handspans long. Her father says that the table is 5 handspans long. Why is there a diﬀerence in the lengths?

Real-Life Maths

Lets Find the Weight!

Cross Curricular

Read the table with animals and their weights in blocks. Answer the questions. Animals

1 Fill in the blank.

a The weight of the mouse is blocks.

b The weight of the squirrel is blocks.

2 Write True or False.

a The kitten is heavier than the squirrel.

b The squirrel is heavier than the mouse.

c The mouse is the heaviest animal among the three.

3 Choose the correct option that has the animal names from LEAST to MOST weight.

a Mouse Kitten Squirrel b Kitten Mouse Squirrel

c Squirrel Mouse Kitten

d Mouse Squirrel Kitten

9 Numbers up to 100

Let’s Recall

Numbers from 50 to 100

Coco’s mother makes jewellery with beads. Coco is making a necklace too.

Look, Mom! I made a necklace. It has 50 beads.

Coco’s bead box

Wow, Coco! That’s nice! I made 6 bracelets. I used 60 beads.

60 beads! Coco does not know how to count 60 and more! We must help her.

Let us use beads from Coco’s bead box. We string 10 beads to make 1 bracelet.

10 beads

So, 1 bracelet = 10 = 1 tens.

Making Tens up to 100

Example 1: Count and write the tens. Write the number of colours.

1 box = 1 tens. So, 6 boxes = 6 tens. 6 tens = 60. So, there are 60 colours.

Here is 1 bundle of 10 ice-cream sticks. So, 1 bundle = 1 tens. Count and write the tens and the number of sticks they make.

1 box has 10 colours. 1 box = 1 tens. How many tens do these boxes make?

It Yourself 9A 1 bundle of sticks = 1 tens. Fill in the blanks with the tens and the number of sticks.

1 tray of eggs = 1 tens. 1 tens = 10. Count and write the number of eggs.

1 Sana’s father bought 8 boxes of sweets. There are 10 sweets in each box. If Sana’s father buys 2 more boxes, how many sweets will be there altogether?

Writing Numbers

Coco: Yay! I can count more than 50!

Mom: That is great! Now, let us read and write numbers more than 50.

Example 2: Count forward and backwards to write the numbers. 1 Counting forward.

Fill in the missing numbers. You may use the number chart to help you.

1 Priya and Rakhi visit a mango orchard. Priya counts the mangoes as 82, 83, 84, 86, 87. Rakhi said she missed a number. Which number did Priya miss?

Tens and Ones

Coco: Wow! There are so many numbers from 51 to 100.

Mom: Can you show them with bracelets and beads?

Coco: Yes, I can. I need my bead box.

One bead

Did You Know?

When a player makes 100 runs in a cricket match, it is called a century.

Remember, 10 beads 1 bracelet = 1 tens.

Let us show some numbers using bracelets and beads.

Count and write the

Do It Yourself 9C

1 tray of eggs = 1 tens = 10 eggs. Count the ones and tens. Write True or False.

a There are 6 tens.

c There are 35 eggs altogether.

b There are 3 ones.

d There are 53 eggs altogether.

7 tens 6 ones b 8 tens 5 ones c 6 tens 2 ones Match the sticks with the tens and ones.

Write the tens and ones. Write the total number of pencils. 3 tens ____ ones. pencils

Write the tens and ones for the given numbers. Show the tens and ones using any object.

a 65 = tens _____ ones

b 91 = tens _____ ones

1 1 basket has 10 apples. Look at the picture. Answer the questions.

a How many apples does Ranu have altogether?

b How many tens and ones are there? If Ranu has 1 less basket, how many apples does she have altogether?

Number Names

Coco: I can make any number from 51 to 100.

Mom: Let us learn their names now.

diﬀerence

‘teen’ and ‘ty ’:

Circle the correct name of the number 69.

sixty-six sixty-ﬁve sixty-seven sixty-nine

Tick () if the number name is correct. Put a cross () if it is wrong.

a 54: forty-ﬁve b 68: sixty-eight

c 99: nine-ninety d 100: hundred and zero

Match the numbers with their names.

a 53 eighty-ﬁve

b 63 seventy-four

c 74 ﬁfty-three

d 85 sixty-three

Bus numbers are given according to the route they take. Varsha is waiting with her mother for their bus. While waiting she sees many buses with number names. Help her write the numbers for the respective number names.

a seventy b eighty-one c ﬁfty-nine d sixty-two

Write a number between 20 and 30. Show the tens and ones in the number in any way you like.

Challenge

1 Write 6 number names we can make using ONLY these words. three ﬁfty ninety eighty six eight

Critical Thinking

Comparing Numbers

Coco now knows big numbers. Her mom got her number cards.

Mom: Let us place the numbers one after the other.

Smaller and Bigger Numbers

We count forward for bigger numbers. We count backwards for smaller numbers.

Numbers that come before are smaller.

Numbers that come after are bigger.

Let us see some more numbers.

Example 3: Check the numbers from 71 to 80 given above. 1 Which number comes BEFORE 76? 2 Which number comes AFTER 76?

2 Circle the numbers bigger than 75. Cross out the numbers smaller than 75.

Ordering Numbers

Let us arrange the numbers 82, 98 and 87 from smallest to biggest and from biggest to smallest.

Smallest to biggest: 82, 87,98.

Biggest to smallest: 98, 87, 82.

Example 4: Arrange the numbers 89, 71, 78, 88, 96 from biggest to smallest.

71 is the smallest number. 96 is the biggest number.

Numbers from biggest to smallest: 96, 89, 88, 78, 71.

Arrange from smallest to biggest: 100, 77, 83, 92. (Use the above grid)

77 is the smallest number. is the biggest number.

Smallest to biggest:

Circle the numbers bigger than 78.

India has been protecting tigers for a long time. The number of tigers in Ranthambore National Park is 80. Circle the number smaller than 80.

Read the numbers. Write them from smallest to biggest and biggest to smallest.

1 Tinu and Kiya noted how tall they are. These are the numbers they marked—89 and 78. Whose height is 89—Tinu’s or Kiya’s?

Points to Remember

•10 ones = 1 tens.

• We can show any number with bundles of tens and ones. For example, 52 is 5 tens and 2 ones.

•Every number has a name. For example, 67 is sixty-seven and 90 is ninety.

•Numbers will be smaller if we move backwards from a number.

•Numbers will be bigger if we move forward from a number.

Lab

Collaboration & Experiential Learning Chapter Checkup

Setting: In groups of 5

Ropes

and Ladders

Materials: Chalk, sticks, ropes/string, task cards (e.g. skip one number to your left, jump to 6 ones and 3 tens)

What to do?

1 Form groups for the game. Each group will have one member who starts playing.

2 Draw a game board on the ground using chalk. Draw squares for the board. Use sticks as ladders and ropes or string as snakes.

3 Each group is to form 4 task cards. Place the cards at the end of some slides formed by the sticks, on the board.

4 Play the game as we play Snakes and Ladders. Every time you land on a task card, perform the task written on the card.

5 The child who reaches the number 100 ﬁrst wins the game.

1 bundle of matchsticks = 1 tens. Fill in the blanks with the tens and the number of matchsticks.

tens = tens =

Write the number for the given number name. a ninety-nine = b sixty-ﬁve = c eighty =

5 The lifespan of a coconut tree is 80 years. The lifespan of a guava tree is 30 years. The lifespan of a mango tree is 50 years. Arrange them from the smallest to the biggest and then from the biggest to the smallest. 6 Cross Curricular

Fill in the blanks with ‘bigger than’, ‘smaller than’ or ‘equal to’. 7

a 6 tens and 2 ones

2 tens and 6 ones.

b 10 tens 5 tens and 5 ones.

c 3 tens and 6 ones

d 2 tens and 5 ones

3 tens and 6 ones.

5 tens and 7 ones.

Trees are numbered in India to protect them and check their growth. Nita looks at trees with the numbers 69, 72, 79, 66, 78, 65. Help Nita order the numbers from biggest to smallest, and then from smallest to biggest.

I am a number between 50 and 60. My tens and ones are the same. Who am I?

1 Look at Raja’s number cards. Which cards have incorrect number-name pairs? 2

Real-Life Maths

Warli Painting

Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1 How many trees do you see in the picture? a 2 b 3 c 1 d 4

2 How many people do you see in the picture? How many legs do they have altogether?

3 How many leaves are there on each branch? How many tens do the leaves make on one branch?

4 What type of painting is this? In which region of India do you ﬁnd it?

5 Draw your own Warli painting.

Cross Curricular & Creativity

310 A ition and Subtraction up to 100

Let’s Recall

We know addition and subtraction.

We add when we put things together.

We subtract when we take things out from a group.

Let’s Warm-up

Solve and ﬁll in the blanks.

I scored out of 5.

Ajju made many laddoos today!

Oh no, he forgot to count.

Adding with 2-digit Numbers

There are 20 laddoos in 2 boxes and 1 is in my hand. How many are these?

To ﬁnd out how many laddoos Ajju has, we need to add them all.

2 boxes with 10 laddoos in each box

20 + 1 = 21

Adding a 2-digit and a 1-digit Number

We add by counting forward. Let us add some numbers in this way.

1 in his hand

34 + 4 = 38 31323334353637383940 1234

We can also add numbers by adding the tens and ones.

1 box = 1 tens. Follow the steps to add 20 + 1:

Step 1

Add the ones: 0 ones + 1 ones = 1 ones

Step 2

Write the tens: 2 tens TO 20 +1 21

Both ways—counting forward and adding by the tens and ones—will give us the same answer.

Example 1: Add 61 and 3 in both ways—counting forward and adding the tens and ones.

Add by counting forward:

Add by tens and ones: 1 bundle = 10 sticks.

Add 76 and 3 in both ways—counting forward and adding the tens and ones.

Adding Two 2-digit Numbers

Let us add a 2-digit number with another 2-digit number: 25 + 42. We add by ones and tens. 1 box = 1 tens.

Add the ones: 5 ones + 2 ones = 7 ones

Add the tens: 2 tens + 4 tens = 6 tens

Did You Know?

Numbers from 0 to 9 are 1-digit numbers. Numbers from 10 to 99 are 2-digit numbers.

1 How many ones do we need to add to get the total?

Addition in Real Life

Jaya picked 12 tomatoes. Kabir picked 6 carrots.

Let us ﬁnd the number of vegetables picked by Jaya and Kabir.

What do we know?

Tomatoes Jaya has: 12

Carrots Kabir has: 6

What do we need to know?

Vegetables Jaya and Kabir have together

Solve to ﬁnd the answer.

In total, Jaya and Kabir picked 18 vegetables.

Did You Know?

We can add numbers in any order and the answer will still be the same.

John decorated the Christmas tree with his father. They used 15 balls and 14 stars. How many balls and stars have they used?

What do we know?

Balls:

Stars: What do we need to know?

The total number of balls and stars

Solve to ﬁnd the answer.

They have used balls and stars altogether. TO 15 +14

32 Candies12 Candies a + 32 Tulips 11 Lilies

+ Anu and Abir are helping their grandfather pick apples. Find the total number of apples on the tree and in the basket.

18 apples on the tree

Coconut water is good for health. Dia drank the water of 14 coconuts in a month. Rhea drank the water of 11 coconuts in the same month. How many coconuts did they use in total?

Aman has 2 boxes of colours. The ﬁrst box has 12 colours. The second box has 25 colours. How many colours does Aman have altogether?

1 The table shows the butterﬂy stickers that Ritu has. She wants to put them in groups of 10.

a How many packs of 10 stickers can she make?

b How many stickers would be left after making groups of 10?

2 Create your own word problem to add 12 and 14.

Remember Ajju, who made many laddoos! Today, he made 99 laddoos.

He ate 1 while packing the box. How many laddoos are left? Let us ﬁnd out!

Subtracting with 2-digit Numbers

To know how many laddoos are left, we subtract. 99 – 1 = 98 laddoos are left.

Subtracting a 1-digit Number from a 2-digit Number We subtract by counting backwards. 1

We can also subtract by ones and tens. 1 box = 1 tens. Follow

Step 1

Subtract the ones: 9 ones – 1 ones = 8 ones

Step 2

Write the tens: 9 tens

Example 3: 1 bundle = 1 tens. Subtract 4 from 44 by ones and tens.

Did You Know?

Subtraction is the opposite of addition.

Subtract 6 from 69 in both ways—counting backwards and subtracting tens and ones.

69 – 6 = 61626364656667686970

Subtracting a 2-digit Number from a 2-digit Number

Let us subtract a 2-digit number from another 2-digit number: 98 – 48.

We subtract by ones and tens. 1 box = 1 tens.

Follow the steps to subtract 48 from 98:

Step 1

Subtract the ones: 8 ones – 8 ones = 0 ones

Step 2

Subtract the tens: 9 tens – 4 tens = 5 tens

Example 4: 1 bundle = 10 matchsticks. Subtract 50 from 90.

Subtract 42 from 65 by crossing out the sticks.

Do It Yourself 10C

Show jumps on the number line to subtract. Write the answer.

a 151617181920 = 20 – 5 = b 555657585960 = 59 – 3 =

1 bundle = 10 sticks = 1 tens. Subtract and ﬁll in the number of sticks left.

Subtract by ones and tens.

1 How many sticks do we subtract from 87 to get 55? Strike out the bundles of tens and the sticks of ones to show the answer.

Subtraction in Real Life

Aunty Mia baked 99 cookies. 10 cookies were burnt. How many cookies does she have now?

What do we know?

Cookies in total: 99

Burnt cookies: 10

What do we need to know?

Number of cookies left unburnt.

Solve to ﬁnd the answer.

TO 99 –10

89 Aunty Mia has 89 cookies left.

79 ﬂowers bloom on a tree. 10 ﬂowers fall. How many are left on the tree?

What do we know?

Total flowers on the tree: Fallen ﬂowers:

Solve to ﬁnd the answer.

TO 79 –10

What do we need to know?

Flowers left on the tree.

The tree has flowers left.

Do It Yourself 10D

sells balloons of many colours. Write True or False.

a Red balloons = 26; Sold = 11; Left = 14

b Green balloons = 35; Sold = 13; Left = 22

Plants keep our surrounding fresh. Aunty Ruby has 28 flowering plants. She has watered 15 plants so far. How many are left? 2

Binu ate 25 chocolates out of 58 chocolates. How many are left? 3

Masks are used to prevent the spread of infection. They are used by doctors. Sheena’s grandmother makes 49 masks in a day. Sheena packs 8 masks in a packet. How many are left unpacked? 4

Match the number of ﬂowers left on the cart. 5

69 Tulips

29 Lilies 34 Pansies a 37 Tulips

b 15 Lilies

c 22 Pansies 14 32 12 Sold Flowers Flowers Left

Challenge

1 Read the table and ﬁnd out how many are left if:

a 15 bees ﬂy away.

b 14 butterﬂies ﬂy away.

Butterﬂies & bees

How many?2618 Critical Thinking & Creativity

2 Create a word problem to subtract 32 from 66.

Points to Remember

•We can add by counting forward.

• We can subtract by counting backwards.

•We can add or subtract by ones and tens.

Setting: Group of 4

Materials: 20 sticks and a dice

What to do?

Round 1: Place all the sticks in the middle of the group. Take turns to roll a dice. Pick up as many sticks as the number you get. Keep rolling the dice and adding sticks until all the sticks have been picked up.

Round 2: Take turns to roll a dice. Put as many sticks back as the number you get. Keep rolling the dice and subtracting the sticks until you have none. The last student who is left with any sticks in the group will be the winner of the game.

Rehaan puts 23 red apples and 14 green apples in a box. How many apples are there in the box?

A truck helps in transporting goods from one place to another. A truck carries 58 bags of wheat while a cart carries 27 bags of wheat. Which vehicle carries more bags of wheat and how many more?

Read the table. Add or subtract.

a How many toﬀees are there in total?

b 12 toﬀees are eaten. How many are left?

Toﬀees How many? 5443

Solve to ﬁnd the colours in the umbrella. Then colour it as per the answer.

a 31 + 51

d 88 – 64 = 82 = 66 = 35 = 24

b 22 + 13 c 99 – 33

Challenge

1 Fill in the blank with the correct sign ‘+’ or ‘–’.

a 34 4 = 38 b 27 2 = 25

c 69 9 = 60

d 75 5 = 80

2 Look at the subtraction and choose all the options that are correct.

a The answer should be 36.

b The digit in the ones place of the answer should be 1.

c The digit in the tens place of the answer should be 6.

d The answer is incorrect.

Real-Life Maths

Reading is Fun

Zoe and Krish are reading a book. It has 45 pages. They read it all in 3 days:

Day 1Day 2Day 3

20 pages15 pages10 pages

1 How many pages have they read in total on Day 1 and Day 2?

a 20 pages b 15 pages

c 5 pages d 35 pages

2 On Day 2 and Day 3, they read a total of pages.

a 5 b 10

c 15 d 25

3 How many more pages did they read on Day 2 than Day 3?

a 15 pages b 10 pages

c 25 pages d 5 pages

4 Do you like reading books? Which is your favourite book? What did you learn from the book?

11 Grouping and Sharing

Let’s Recall

We add to count the total number of things.

There are 2 ducks in the pond.

There are 4 ducks outside the pond.

There are 6 ducks in all.

Let us count the total number of ﬁsh.

Equal Grouping

Rahul went to his uncle’s fruit garden. His uncle was putting the same number of mangoes in the baskets.

There are 5 baskets. He puts 2 mangoes in each basket.

Basket 1Basket 2Basket 3Basket 4Basket 5

Help Rahul ﬁnd the total number of mangoes.

Repeated Addition

There are 2 mangoes in each basket.

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 mangoes in all.

2 is added again and again 5 times.

Adding the same number again and again is called repeated addition.

Think and Tell How many mangoes will be in 6 baskets with 3 in each basket?

Example 1: Look at the picture. How many candies are there in all?

There are 6 + 6 = 12 candies.

Complete the repeated addition sentence.

Remember!

While making groups, we are putting the same number of things in each group.

Making Equal Groups

There were 5 baskets of mangoes. Each basket had 2 mangoes. Let us call each basket a group of mangoes.

Group 1Group 2Group 3Group 4

So, there are 5 groups of mangoes.

Group 5

There are 2 mangoes in each group. So, we can call this 5 groups of 2 mangoes.

5 groups of 2 mangoes is 10 mangoes.

Example 2: How many groups of stars are there? How many stars are there in each group?

Group 1

Group 2

There are groups of stars. There are stars in each group.

2 4

So, there are 2 groups of 4.

How many groups of books are there? How many books are there in each group?

There are groups of books. There are books in each group. groups of .

Skip Counting

When we are jumping the same number many times, we are skip counting.

Let us skip count the number 2 four times. We will jump on 2, 4, 6 and 8.

4 groups of 2 or 4 jumps of 2 is 8.

Let us skip count the number 3 three times.

We will jump on 3, 6, 9 and so on.

Meena took 3 jumps of 3 steps each.

We can also call this 3 groups of 3.

Remember!

In skip counting, we jump the same number of steps.

3 jumps of 3 = 3 groups of 3 = 9

Think and Tell On which number will she be in her 4th jump? how um s o . Then fill in the blan s. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 jumps of 3.

The numbers are 3, , 9, and .

Writing Multiplication Sentences

Rahul took his friends Meena and Raj to his uncle’s fruit garden to share fruit with them.

They took 3 baskets and put 4 apples in each basket.

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3 4+4 +4= 12

There are 3 groups of 4.

This can also be written as: 12 4 3

Number of groups Number in each group

Total number of apples ×= 3 groups of 4 = 12 Multiplication Sentence

Example 3: Look at the picture. Fill in the blanks.

Remember!

Multiplication helps to ﬁnd the total number of objects in groups.

6 + 6 + 6 = 18

3 groups of 6 = 18

3 × 6 = 18

Write the multiplication sentence for the picture.

2+2+2= 6

There are groups of 2. × =

The ﬁrst number shows the number of groups. 3 groups of 4: 4 × 3 3 × 4 Error Alert!

Fill in the blanks to ﬁnd the total number of things.

Fill in the blanks.

groups of . b groups of .

Draw these things and ﬁnd the total number of things. Then, write the total.

It Yourself 11A b 2 groups of 6 balloons a 4 groups of 3 apples

Look at the number strip and ﬁll in the blanks.

jumps of steps each. jumps of steps each.

Write the multiplication sentence for the pictures.

Tom is at the number 0. He jumps 2 numbers each time. Draw lines to show the jumps. How many jumps did Tom make to reach 14? Write the multiplication sentence to show the total number of jumps.

Draw the jumps on the number strip.

a 2 jumps of 4 steps

b 2 jumps of 3 steps

1 Skip count to ﬁll the boxes.

Equal Sharing

Rahul brought 12 guavas from his uncle’s fruit garden. He wants to give 2 guavas to each of his friends. How many friends will get guavas?

How Many Groups?

Rahul starts putting the 12 guavas in baskets. He puts 2 guavas in each basket till all the guavas have been put in the baskets.

Total number of guavas

Guavas to each friend Number of friends

Did You Know?

Johann Rahn introduced the symbol of division.

So, we can say that 12 guavas will be shared equally among 6 friends. Equal sharing is also known as division. It is shown by the symbol ÷.

Example 4: There are 15 oranges. Draw circles to share them in such a way that each circle has 3 oranges. How many groups did you make?

Total number of oranges = 15

Oranges in each group = 3

Number of groups = 5

15 grouped by 3s = 5

hare toffees so that each erson has toffees. ow many eo le get the toffees

Total number of toﬀees =

Toﬀees in each group =

Number of groups =

10 grouped by 2s =

How Many in Each Group?

Rahul has collected 12 coloured stones from the orchard. Rahul wants to share these 12 coloured stones among his 4 friends. How many stones will each one of his friends get? Is sharing good? Why?

Let us share the 12 stones equally among the 4 friends, one by one, till all the stones are distributed.

Each friend gets 3 coloured stones. So, 12 shared equally between 4 gives 3.

Example 5: Share 9 donuts equally among 3 children. How many donuts does each child get?

Distribute 1 donut to each child till all the donuts have been given out. Child 1

Did You Know?

The division sentence for sharing is Total number ÷ Number of groups = Number in each group.

Each child gets 3 donuts.

Share 8 erasers among 4 groups. How many erasers does each group get?

There are erasers for each group.

How many things are there in each group?

2 things things a b

Circle to make the groups. Find out how many things are in each group. 3

a 2 groups

b 5 groups

Anna has 10 sweets. She want to share these equally between her 2 friends. Draw a picture to show the sharing. How many sweets are there in each group?

Challenge

Critical Thinking

1 Raha baked 1 cake. She cut the cake into 8 slices. How many people get to eat the cake if each person gets 2 slices?

Points to Remember

• When we add things again and again, it is repeated addition. There are the same number of objects in each group in multiplication.

•In skip counting, we skip the same number every time.

•We use the × sign for multiplication.

•We divide things when we share them.

Setting: In pairs

Materials: Dice, tokens for the players and printed copies of the game board

What to do?

1 Choose a game token and place it on START.

2 Each player will roll the dice and move forward as per the number shown on the dice.

3 Solve the multiplication problems. If the player solves them correctly, they get to stay on that space; if not, they move back one space.

4 The ﬁrst player to reach the ﬁnish space is the winner.

Look at the jumps. Fill in the blanks.

Circle and group the 15 bananas such that each group has 3 bananas. How many groups are formed?

Art Integration

Show 4 jumps of 2 steps each.

Show 2 jumps of 3 steps. Write the multiplication sentence. 6 Art Integration

Tick the multiplication sentence that shows the correct answer. 5 × 3 = 15 4 × 5 = 12

Write the multiplication sentences.

1 Arpit has 15 oranges. Each basket contains 5 oranges. Write the number of baskets that he has.

Real-life Maths

2 There are 6 ﬂowers and 3 vases. How many ﬂowers can be put in each vase to divide them equally? Draw and show. Value Development & Art Integration

Amusement Park

Rita and her friends are visiting an amusement park today. Look at the picture and answer the questions.

1 How many merry-go-rounds are there? What should you keep in mind while riding the merry-go-round?

2 If 3 people can sit in one hot air balloon, how many can sit in 4? Use skip counting to ﬁnd your answer.

a 2 b 4 c 8 d 12

3 If each child eats 1 ice cream, how many ice creams are there in all? Use repeated addition to ﬁnd the answer.

4 Have you ever visited an amusement park? What all did you see there? Draw a picture.

Let’s Recall

Time and Money

We know how to read and write numbers. On the clock, we see numbers from 1 to 12.

Number

We know the number names. On the coins and notes, we see numbers and the number names.

We use numbers to count coins and notes. 5 coins 2 notes

Let’s Warm-up

Circle the numbers we see on a coin. Tick the numbers we see on a clock.

It is Friday 7 o’ clock. Nitu’s dad is dropping her to school.

Will you come to pick me up today?

Will you come to drop me tomorrow too?

Yes. I will come in the afternoon, by 1 o' clock. It is Saturday. It is a holiday!

Look at the coloured words. These words tell us about time. Let us learn more about them.

Parts of the Day

Nitu does many things in a day. Let us see the things that Nitu does.

Nitu wakes up.

She gets ready for school.

Nitu spends time in school. She eats lunch.

Nitu goes to a dance class. She plays with her friends.

Nitu brushes her teeth. She goes to sleep.

Times of the Day

Morning, noon, evening and night are times of the day. Morning comes earlier than noon. Night comes later than evening.

The sun rises in the morning. We wake up!

The sun is high in the sky by noon. The sun sets in the evening. The moon comes out at night. We go to sleep!

Example 1: We usually have three meals in a day—breakfast, lunch and dinner.

1 Write the time of the day for each meal. Breakfast Lunch Dinner In the morning In the afternoonAt night

2 Which meal is the ﬁrst meal of the day? Why?

Breakfast is the ﬁrst meal of the day because morning comes earlier than afternoon and night.

1 hattimeo thedaydoeseach ictureshow morning e ening noonornight

2 riteearlierorlater orthegi enacti ities.

a Bedtime/Sleep Brush your teeth

b Cook breakfast Eat breakfast

How Much Time?

Let us now look at the time taken by diﬀerent activities.

LESS TIME MORE TIME

LONG DURATION SHORT DURATION

Throwing and catching a ball.

Patting a dog.

Example 2: oo atthe icture. nswerthe uestions. swinging sliding jumping drawing watching a bug reading a story riding a bike

1 Which activities will take more time than sliding down?

Riding a bike

Making a sand castle.

Painting a picture.

Reading a story Drawing

2 Which activities take less time than reading a story?

Swinging

Watching a bug Jumping

Example 3: ritei theholidays are o shortorlongduration.

a Winter Holidays

b Summer Vacations ________________

short duration long duration

1 Write 2 activities that will take:

a less time than drinking a glass of water ________________, ______________

blinking eyes

b more time than drinking a glass of water , _____________

Which of these activities do we usually do in the morning? Tick them.

Fill in the blanks with the correct time of the day.

a We brush our teeth early in the (morning/evening).

b We usually have a bath in the (morning/evening).

c We come back from school in the (morning/afternoon).

d We watch the moon and the stars at (night/noon).

The sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening. Write earlier or later for the following activities.

a Watching the sunset Having dinner

b Watching the sunrise Having breakfast

Which activities usually take less time (shorter duration) than bathing?

a Sharpening a pencil b A football match

c Drinking a glass of juice

Did You Know?

This is a digital clock. It does not have any hands to tell the time.

1 o’ clock or 1:00

6 o’ clock or 6:00

The hour hand tells us the hour. It is on 1. So, the time is 1 o’ clock.

Example 4: hichcloc shows o’ cloc ritethetimeintheotherway.

Clock 2 shows 5 o’ clock. The other way of writing the time is 5:00

rawthehourhandtoshowthetime. ritethetimeintheotherway. Do It Together

Label the minute hand and the hour hand. Do It Yourself 12B

Match the times written in diﬀerent ways.

a 2 o’ clock 12:00

b 11 o’ clock 1:00

c 1 o’ clock 2:00

d 12 o’ clock 11:00

Choose the correct time for each clock.

2 o’ clock 11 o’ clock 8:00 10:00

A clock tower is a tall building with a clock at the top. Baani visits the clock tower and draws the time shown on the clock. Write each time in two ways. 4

Challenge

Critical Thinking

1 The minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 6. Rina says it is 6 o’ clock. Bina says it is 12 o’ clock. Who is correct and why?

Days and Months

Nitu gets ready for school.

Then, she recalls: ‘It is Saturday. It is a holiday.’

Days of the Week

There are 7 days in a week.

1 illintheblan s.

a ______ comes after Sunday.

b Thursday comes before .

c Wednesday is between Monday

Months in a Year

There are 12 months in a year.

Think and Tell In which month is your birthday?

Choose days of the week from the box. Draw lines to move them to the

We go to school to learn new things. Today is Monday. Did Diya go to school yesterday? Will she go to school tomorrow.

Answer the questions.

a If Monday is Day 1, what is Day 3?

b If Sunday is Day 1, what is Day 7?

Name the months that start with the:

a letter A b letter J c letter M

Write T for True and F for False.

a January comes before February.

b March comes before April.

c September is two months before November.

1 It is July. Anu’s summer break of 2 months has ended. When did the summer break start? Challenge

Money

Nitu is at a shop. Her mom is paying the shopkeeper. Shopkeeper: Twenty rupees, please!

Mom: Here are two 10-rupee notes. When we buy things, we pay money. Notes and coins are the money that we use.

The number on the note or coin shows the amount. The rupee symbol tells us that the amount is a rupee amount.

Did You Know? Indian kings used metal coins to buy goods from and sell goods to other kingdoms.

A potter makes pots from mud, clay and water. Arnav buys a pot and pays with a coin that has the same amount as this note to pay the potter. Tick the coin:

1 Rama pays for ice cream with . Raju pays for it with . Whose ice cream is more expensive?

Counting Money

The shopkeeper asked for twenty rupees for fruits. Nitu’s mom paid with two 10-rupee notes. How does it make twenty rupees?

We count all the notes and coins to get the total amount. Let us look at some of the ways in which we can make 20 rupees. = 20 rupees

20 rupees

We can make any amount with coins and notes.

3 rupees

The correct way of writing money is: Error Alert! 20 rupees ` 20 ` 20

rupees

Did You Know?

Earlier paisa coins were also used which are even less than a ₹1 coin.

Do It Yourself 12E

Match the number of `1 coins with the total.

How many coins of ₹5 do you need to pay each amount?

a 10 rupees b 15 rupees c 20 rupees

Riya likes to collect coins as her hobby. She shows some of her collected coins to her friends. Can you write the amount of each of the coins shown?

1 Tina uses 1 coin of ₹10 and two notes of ₹20 to buy an ice cream that costs ₹50. Draw notes and coins to show another way to pay for the ice cream.

Points to Remember

•Morning, noon, evening and night are parts of a day.

•A clock tells us the time.

•There are 7 days in a week. There are 12 months in a year.

•We use notes and coins of diﬀerent amounts as money.

Let's Make a Money Bank! Math Lab Collaboration & Value Development

Setting: In pairs

Materials Required: Empty box (shoe box, cereal box), decorative paper, buttons, ribbons, stickers, tape

Method:

Use the shoe box or any waste box to make a money bank.

Close the box from all sides using tape. Make a slit on the top to put notes and coins in.

Collect money from family members and neighbours for charity.

Discuss with your classmates where the collected money can be used.

Chapter Checkup

Write short/long duration for the given events.

a Clap hands once Cleaning a cupboard

b Putting waste in a dustbin

Watering the plants

c Putting plates on the table Cooking food

Raha is watching the clock tick. She says that the minute hand moves faster than the hour hand. Is she correct? Why?

2 a 5 o’ clock b 12 o’ clock c 2 o’ clock

Vibhu is up early to see the sunrise. Choose the time of the day that it would be.

Real-Life Maths

Cross Curricular & Value Development

Meal-Plan

Suveera has not been keeping well for some time. She is suﬀering from typhoid. The doctor has given her a diet chart that she has to follow.

A cup of milk with 5 almonds

IdliA glass of juice 1 roti, dal, green vegetables, curd Tea with biscuits Rice, dal, curd

1 Read the table and ﬁll in the blanks.

a Suveera has her lunch at .

b She eats dinner at ___ ___ .

c She drinks ______ in the evening.

2 Match the following food with the time of the day.

a Milk Morning

b Roti Afternoon

c Biscuits Night

d Rice Evening

3 How do you help others when they are sick? Write 2 lines about it.

Let’s Recall

Data Handling

We have many diﬀerent things around us.

Some things look the same, like the and the .

Some things are of the same colour, like theand the . and a

Some things are round in shape, like a .

Some things look diﬀerent, like a . and a

Let’s Warm-up

Match the kettle with the cup of the same colour.

Understanding Data

Tina wants to arrange her toys. Tina’s brother Jay helps her keep the toys nicely. Look how he did it.

Vehicles

Sorting Things

Soft toys

When we group the same kinds of things together from a group of diﬀerent things, it is called sorting. We can sort things by colour.

We can sort by size.

We can sort in many other ways! Sorting things helps us to keep our room and home clean. It also helps us to ﬁnd things easily.

Example 1: Help Tina and Jay sort these blocks into number and letter blocks. Letter blocks Number blocks

Green Blue Red

Jay has cookies of many shapes. Draw lines to help him sort them onto plates of the same shape.

Do

It Yourself 13A Which rack shows neat sorting? Circle it.

Draw lines to sort the dirty and clean clothes.

The sun, the moon, stars and rainbows are the things that we can see in the sky. Sort them into two groups.

a Things we see during the day

b Things we see at night

1 a Sort the shapes correctly. Challenge Critical Thinking

b What can be another way to sort the above shapes?

Making a Table

Jay counts the number of toys of each kind. He writes the numbers in a table.

Example 2: Rima saw many things on the beach. Count them and fill in the table for each.

Rima’s grandfather has a box of buttons of many shapes. Count them and fill in the table.

Playing in the park is a good physical activity. Count the number of girls and boys playing in the park. Fill in the table.

Look at the diﬀerent objects. How many of each are there? Fill in the table.

Challenge

Critical Thinking

1 a How many buttons of the same shape do you see? Fill in the table.

Buttons How many?

b Sort the buttons in any other way. Make a table and ﬁll in how many of each kind are there.

Reading a Table

Jay needs to buy a toy for Rima’s birthday.

Should I buy a vehicle or a soft toy? Which toy does she have less of?

VehiclesSoft toys

6 9 How many vehicles does she have? How many soft toys does she have?

When we write the number of things in a table, it helps us know which of those things is more or which of those is less. We can also tell what is the total number of those things.

Kite Pinwheel Lamp Clock Cup Air balloon

Example 3: The table shows different animal cards. Read the table. Answer the questions.

Animal cards

How many? 3354

a How many cards are there? b Which cards are the same in number? The and the cards. There are 4 cards.

Tina has decorated a Christmas tree. The table shows the items she used. Read the table. Answer the questions.

a How many has she used?

b Which item has she used the most?

c Which item has she used the least?

Do It Yourself 13C

A plant nursery is a place where diﬀerent types of plants are grown for sale. Read the table. Answer the questions.

a Which is more: cactus or sunﬂower?

b Which is less: tulip or cactus?

c How many plants are there in all?

Read the table. Write T for True and F for False.

a There are 6 snails.

b There are more bees than snails.

c The number of ladybugs is less than bees.

many?

1 Cross Curricular Plants Cactus Tulip Sunﬂower

How many? 3105 Insects in a garden

Ladybug Snail Bee

Read the table. Answer the questions.

a Which leaf has the most number?

b Which leaf has the least number?

c Which is more: or ? By how many?

Leaves Yellow Green Brown How many? 10812

Raman bought some fruits. He made a table to show the number of each fruit. Answer the questions. 4

a Which fruit has the most number?

b Which two fruits have the same number?

C How many oranges did Raman buy?

Challenge

Read the table. Draw the same number of sad, happy and shy faces on the given circles.

Points to Remember

•We can sort things by their colour, shape or size.

•Making a table helps us in sorting.

•We read a table to check the number of things we have in each group.

Setting: In pairs

Sort Things in Your Pencil Box

Things Needed: Pencil boxes of both the partners, with all the things in them What to do?

1 Collect things you and your partner have in your pencil boxes. Check for common things—pencils, colours, erasers, rulers and sharpeners.

2 Sort these things into groups by their colour, shape, size or use. You may try sorting them one by one in diﬀerent ways.

3 Make a table in your notebooks to show sorting by each way.

Draw lines to put the things into the trays of the same shape.

Draw lines to sort the things into the boxes of the same colour.

How many paintboxes, brushes and colour palettes are there? Fill in the table.

Painting items

How many?

How many ﬂowers of each kind are there? Fill in the table.

Kinds of ﬂowers

How many?

Kitchen items are used for cooking and eating food. The table shows the number of kitchen items found in a house. Read the table and write T for True and F for False.

a There are more pans than spoons.

b There are fewer cups than pans.

c The number of forks and spoons is the same.

Cross Curricular

items Spoon Fork Cup Pan

Zoo is a place where all kind of animals are kept. Read the table. Fill in the blanks.

Animals in a zoo

a There are foxes in the zoo.

b There are turtles in the zoo.

c There are 2 more in the zoo than giraﬀes.

d There are 2 less in the zoo than foxes.

8 Ritu sees many butterﬂies and bees in the garden. She notes them in a table.

Insects Ritu saw How many?

a How many bees did Ritu see?

b Which colour butterﬂy did she see more of pink or purple?

c How many butterﬂies did she see in all?

The table shows socks sorted in pairs. 1 pair = 2 socks. Find the number of socks.

Socks

a How many orange socks are there?

b How many purple socks are there?

Riya's Shopping List

Riya buys some things from the market.

1 Sort them into groups in the given table and write the total. Bananas Soap BarShampoo Toothpaste Sugar Rice Washing Powder

Washing Powder

Things to Eat Things for Cleaning

2 There are things that Riya can eat raw.

3 There are things that Riya can use while bathing.

4 Name any 2 things that Riya can use to feed hungry people around her home.

Answers

Chapter 1

Let’s Warm-up

1. 2. 3. 4.

Do It Yourself 1A

1. a. b. c. d.

2. a. outside, inside b. left, right c. high, low d. top, bottom 3.a. b.

4. Figures may vary. Sample ﬁgure: up left right down

Challenge 1. a. Blue circle b. 2 steps up, 2 steps left

Do It Yourself 1B 1. a. b. c. d.

2. a. b. c. d.

Chapter Checkup

1.a. Outside b. Inside c. In front of d. Behind 2.a. b.

3. Answers may vary. Sample answer.

Challenge 1. Mohit’s tower Do It Yourself 1C

1. a. b.

2. a. b.

3. Boy 4. Daniel

Challenge 1. a.

3. a. False b. True c. True d. False

4.a. before b. between c. after

5. 6.

Challenge 1. high, low

Real-life Maths

1. 4 2. Ronit 3. Jia 4. Answers may vary.

Chapter 2

Let’s Warm-up 1. 3 boxes 2. 4 apples 3. 2 crayons

4. 5 teddy bears 5. 1 balloon

Do It Yourself 2A

1. a.

2. a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 9 3. a. six b. eight c. nine d. seven

4. a. 4 b. 8

Challenge 1. a. E, G, H, T b. H, R

Do It Yourself 2B

1. a, c 2.a. 6, 5, 0 b. 6, 4, 0 3. ten

4. a. Draw 5 beads b. Draw 2 beads c. Draw 6 beads

Challenge 1. 2 buttons are to be removed.

Do It Yourself 2C

1. a. 1 tens 4 ones b. 1 tens 5 ones

2.a. fourteen b. eleven c. twelve d. ﬁfteen

3.a. Colour 10 ice creams b. Colour 10 cup cakes

4. a. 20 b. 13 c. 16 d. 18

Challenge 1.

Do It Yourself 2D

1. a. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 b. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

2. a. 5 b. 15 c. 15 d. 6

3.a. 19 b. 8 c. 13 4. Crab 5.a. 19 b. 13

Challenge 1. 17

Do It Yourself 2E

1. a. b.

2.a. 14 b. 18 c. 12 d. 9

3.a. 4, 3, 2, 1 b. 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 c. 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 d. 18, 17, 16, 15, 14

4. 10, 13, 16 5. Kavya, Nandini, Vishakha Challenge 1. Answers may vary. Sample answer:

Chapter Checkup 1.

2. a. b. c. d.

3.a. 4 b. 3 c. 8 d. 5

4. a. 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 b. 12, 13, 16, 18, 19

5. a.

6. a. 12-Twelve b. 15-Fifteen

7.a. 1217 b. 108 c. 96 d. 1412 e. 37

8. a. 19 b. 13

9. a. 10, 15, 16 and 16, 15, 10 b. 11, 13, 15 and 15, 13, 11

Challenge 1. Sneha is incorrect. The smallest number is 6. 2. 17

Real-Life Maths

1. c 2. 20 3. 14 4. 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11

5. Answer may vary. Sample answer: Yes, we should not push or ﬁght with our friends while playing.

Chapter 3

Let’s Warm-up

1. 5 2. 4 3. 3 4. 5

Do It Yourself 3B

1.a. True b. True 2. 5, 5, 5, 5

3. a. 5 + 3 = 3 + 5 = 8 8 b. 4 + 2 = 2 + 4 = 6 6

c. 2 + 6 = 6 + 2 = 8 8

4. Answers may vary. Sample answer: 4 + 2 = 6 3 + 3 = 6 2 + 4 = 6 + + +

2. Picture may vary. Sample picture. 2 2 3 3 1 1

Do It Yourself 3A

1. a. 6 b. 5 2. a. 6 b. 10 c. 3 d. 5 3.a. 7 b. 8

4.a. 6, 3 + 3 = 6 b. 10, 5 + 5 = 10

Challenge 1. 7 + 2 = 9

Challenge 1. Fill 3 in blue and 7 in pink

Do It Yourself 3C

1. a. 8 b. 6 2. a. 8 b. 9 3. 8 birds 4. 9 chickens

Challenge 1. roll number 7

Chapter Checkup

1. a. 9 b. 8 c. 7 d. 6 2.a. 4 b. 8 c. 9

3.a. True b. False c. True d. False

4. a. 8 b. 6 c. 9 5. 6 + 0 = 64 + 3 = 74 + 4 = 86 + 1 = 7 1 + 5 = 64 + 2 = 63 + 3 = 61 + 6 = 7 6. a. 10 b. 10 c. 9

7. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Meena has 3 books in her bag. Seema has 1 book in her bag. How many books are there in all?

8. 9 kanche 9. 8 pens

Challenge 1. 2782210 667640 134376 865321 091528

Real-Life Maths

1. a 2. 1 dog 3. 2 girls and 3 boys

4. Answer may vary. 5. Answer may vary.

Chapter 4

Let’s Warm-up

Do It Yourself 4A 1. b 2.a. 6 b. 1 3.a. 5 b. 3 4.a. 4 b. 3

Challenge 1. 2 sweets

Do It Yourself 4B

1. 1 butterﬂy

3.a. 7 – 1 = 6, 7 – 6 = 1, 7 – 0 = 7 b. 8 – 1 = 7, 8 – 2 = 6, 8 – 8 = 0

4. 1 tree sapling was left. Answer may vary

Challenge 1. Picture may vary. Sample picture.

Do It Yourself 4C

1.a. 4 b. 4 2.a. 2 b. 4 c. 9 3. 3 cups 4. 4 kites

5. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Ritu has 8 mangoes. She eats 1 mango. How many mangoes are left with Ritu?

Challenge 1. The spider has 2 more legs.

Chapter Checkup

1. 6 2.a. 6 – 3 = 3 b. 8 − 5 = 3 c. 7 – 5 = 2

3. b and c 4.a. 4 b. 3

5.a. 1

b. 4

6.a. 4 b. 1 7.a. 4 b. 6 8. 5 children 9. 3 green chilly 10. Roy washed one more plate than Jia. Yes, answer may vary.

Challenge 1. 9 – 3 – 1 = 5 2. 10 biscuits

Real-Life Maths

1. a 2. a 3.a. 1 b. 2

4. Answer may vary. 5. Pictures may vary.

Chapter 5

Let’s Warm-up

 2.  3.

Do It Yourself 5A 1.a.

2. a. Triangle b. Circle c. Rectangle

 b. 

Challenge 1. a. 2 triangles and 1 rectangle b. Triangle c. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Circle.

Do It Yourself 5B 1. 2. 3. a. S, sleeping line b. C c. S, slanting line d. C

Challenge 1. a. True b. False c. True d. False

Do It Yourself 5C

1. a. Sphere b. Cube c. Cuboid d. Cylinder

e. Cone 2. a. Cuboid b. Cylinder c. Cone d. Sphere 3. Apple, Pencil, Ball

Challenge 1. a. Roll b. Yes. The matchbox slides.

Do It Yourself 5D

1 Picture 2 2. a. snap, clap b. tap, blink

3. a. b. c.

4. a.

Challenge 1. Answers may vary. Sample answer:

Do It Yourself 5E

1. b and c 2.a. 3 b. 10 c. 12 3.a. 5, 6 b. 5, 6 c. 13, 15 d. 20, 24 4. 28 spots, 35 spots

Challenge 1. Answers may vary. Sample answer:

a. 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3 b. 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3

Chapter Checkup

1.a. b.

2.a. Squares—2 b. Triangles—5 c. Circles—2 d. Rectangles—1

5. a. Cylinder b. Cuboid c. Cube d. Cone 6. 2

7. We drew curved lines.

8.a. False b. True

9.a. 2, 3, 4 b. 20, 25, 30 c. 19, 18, 17 d. 14, 17, 20 10. Figures may vary. Sample ﬁgure:

Challenge 1. Cuboid

Real-life Maths

1. Cylinder 2. Circle 3. 10

4. Answers may vary. 5. Figures may vary.

Chapter 6

Let’s Warm-up

1. 3 +2 = 5 2. 3 – 2 = 1 3. 5 – 1 = 4

4. 1 + 1 = 2 5. 6 – 3 = 3

Do It Yourself 6A

1.a. 8 + 3 = 11 b. 7 + 6 = 13 2.a. 12 b. 14

3. a. 10 + 2 = 12 b. 10 + 1 = 11

4.a. 5 + 8 = 13 b. 9 + 8 = 17

Challenge 1.

+ = 8311

Do It Yourself 6B

1.a. 10 + 6 = 16 b. 11 + 2 = 13

2.a. 16 b. 18 3.a. 16 b. 19 c. 17 4.a. 18 b. 19

c. 19 5. 20 pages

Challenge 1. 6 + 5 = 11

Do It Yourself 6C

1.a. 6 b. 4 2.a. 9 b. 12 3.a. 12 b. 11

4. 13 seed papers

Challenge 1. 16 – 8 = 8; 8 jumps

Chapter Checkup

1.a. 14 b. 15 2. 19 3.a. 17 b. 19 c. 18

4. 12 5. 10 6.a. 11 b. 15 7. 12 saplings

8. 12 pattals

Challenge 1. a. 20 b. 16

Real-Life Maths

1. c 2. d 3. d 4. 10 candies

Chapter 7

Let’s Warm-up

1. six 2. eight 3. ten 4. sixteen 5. eighteen

Do It Yourself 7A

1. a. 4 tens b. 2 tens c. 5 tens d. 3 tens 2. a. 5 tens

b. 3 tens c. 4 tens 3. 3 tens, 30 sweets

4.a. 3 tens b. 5 tens

Challenge 1. 20 sticks

Do It Yourself 7B

1. a and c 2.a. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 b. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36

3.a. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 b. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34

4. 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49

Challenge 1. Missing Numbers

4448424946 Color the box

Do It Yourself 7C

1.a. 43 b. 50 c. 36 2. 4 tens 9 ones

3.a. 3 tens 7 ones b. 4 tens 5 ones

4.a. 29 b. 42

Challenge 1. 15

Do It Yourself 7D

1. Twenty-six 2. aand d part -  b and c part - �

3.a. twenty-three b. thirty-ﬁve c. forty-six d. sixty

4. 3 barns, three

Challenge 1. Answers may vary. Sample answer. twenty, forty, twenty-two, forty-two, twenty-six

Do It Yourself 7E

1. 40, 41, 42 43, 44, 45 46, 47, 48 2.a. 7 b. 32 c. 50 d. 46 3.a. 29 b. 45 4. 30, 32, 34, 39, 40

Challenge 1. Mom’s

Chapter Checkup

1. a. 3 tens b. 4 tens 2.a. 40 b. 50 c. 20

3.a. 24, 23, 21, 20 b. 42, 43, 44 4.a. 1, 4 b. 2, 7

5.a. Twenty b. Seven 6.a. 20, 22 b. 43, 45 c. 35, 37 7. 26, 33, 34, 45, 47 8. 49 candles

Challenge 1. a. Amit b. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. The next number will be 21. 2.

Real-Life Maths

1. a 2. c 3. 1 tens 4. 2

5. Answer and picture will vary.

Chapter 8

Let’s Warm-up

1. thin, thick 2. short, long

Do It Yourself 8A

1. a. b.

2. a. Cross the ﬁrst log b. Cross the second rope. 3. Banana leaf

b. S L

Challenge 1. The length of line drawn may vary.

Do It Yourself 8B

1. a. b. c.

2. a. b. 3. a. T b. T c. F

4. Ball B since the pan with ball B is down.

Challenge 1. Answers may vary. Sample answers:

a. Book b. Fan c. Apple d. Brick

Do It Yourself 8C

1. a. A watch weighs as much as 5 blocks.

b. An orange weighs as much as 4 blocks.

The cup is heavier than the ball.

3. a. 20 blocks b. 40 blocks c. 10 blocks

The fruit basket is the heaviest.

4. glass, cup, spoon

Challenge 1. 20 blocks

Do It Yourself 8D

1. a. b.

4. Rao is helping to save water. He uses a bucket, which means he only uses a little bit of water. Raj uses a pipe, and water keeps coming out, so he uses more water.

Challenge 1. 4 times

Do It Yourself 8E

1. Answer may vary. Sample answer. A drum and bucket can hold more water than a cup.

2. A bucket 3. Pot B, Pot A, Pot C 4.

Challenge 1. We should use a jug because it has more capacity than a cup.

Chapter Checkup

1. a. b.

2. Answers may vary. Sample answers: a. 2 b. 3

3. a. 3 b. 4

4.a. b.

5. a. heavier b. lighter 6.

7. a. 6 b. 5 8. The tank has more capacity.

9. a. 5 blocks b. 4 blocks c. 2 blocks d. 3 blocks

Challenge 1. Sara’s handspan is smaller than her father’s handspan. So, there is a diﬀerence in the lengths even though the length of the table is the same.

Real-Life Maths

1. a. 20 b. 45 2. a. True b. True c. False

3. d. Mouse  Squirrel  Kitten

Chapter 9

Let’s Warm-up

1. nine 2. seventeen 3. twenty-ﬁve

4. thirty-two 5. forty-eight

Do It Yourself 9A

1. 5 tens 2.a. 6, 60 b. 9, 90 3.a. 30 b. 60 4. 100

Challenge 1. 100

Do It Yourself 9B

2. a. 62, 63, 64, 65 b. 72, 73, 74, 75

3.a. 86, 87, 88, 89 b. 96, 97, 98, 99

737271706968

80 7372656667

797879746364

7877767562 61

Challenge 1. Priya missed the number 85.

Do It Yourself 9C

1. a. False b. True c. False d. True 2.a. 6 tens 2 ones b. 7 tens 6 ones c. 8 tens 5 ones 3.a. 6, 4, 64 b. 8, 3, 83

4.a. 6, 5 b. 9, 1

Challenge 1.a. 54 b. 5 tens 4 ones; 44

Do It Yourself 9D

1. Sixty-nine 2.a. � b. ✓ c. � d. � 3.a. ﬁfty-three b. sixty-three c. seventy-four d. eighty-ﬁve

4. a. 70 b. 81 c. 59 d. 62

5. Answers may vary. Sample answer: 28

Challenge 1. Answers may vary. Sample answers: eighty-six, ﬁfty-six, ninety-six, eighty-three, eighty-eight, ﬁfty-three

Do It Yourself 9E

1.a. 58, 60 b. 83 2. 100, 93 3. 55, 69

4. Smallest to biggest: 56, 86, 95; Biggest to smallest: 95, 86, 56

Challenge 1. Kiya‘s

Chapter Checkup

1.a. 64 b. 84 c. 79

81 76 75 82

80 79 78 77

3.a. 64 b. 52 c. 71 4.a. 8, 80 b. 7, 70

5.a. 99 b. 65 c. 80

6. Smallest to biggest: 30, 50, 80, biggest to smallest: 80, 50, 30

7.a. bigger than b. bigger than c. equal to d. smaller than 8. Biggest to smallest: 79, 78, 72, 69, 66, 65. Smallest to biggest: 65, 66, 69, 72, 78, 79

Challenge 1. 55 2. 77, 81

Real-Life Maths

1. c 2. 6, 12 3. 10; 1 tens 4. Warli painting. It is a tribal art form of Maharashtra. 5. Figures may vary

Chapter 10

Let’s Warm-up 1. 5 2. 6 3. 7 4. 3 5. 4

Do It Yourself 10A

1. a. 12 b. 15 2. a. 49 b. 70 3. a. 60 + 2 = 62 b. 90 + 5 = 95 c. 70 + 12 = 82 4. a. 39 b. 97 c. 99

Challenge 1. 3

Do It Yourself 10B

1. a. 44 candies b. 43 ﬂowers 2. 29 apples

3. 25 coconuts 4. 37 colours

Challenge 1. a. 3 packs of 10 stickers b. 7 stickers

2. Answers may vary. Sample answer: I have 12 candies. My mom gave me 14 more candies. How many do I have now?

Do It Yourself 10C

1. a. 15 b. 56 2. a. 20 b. 41 c. 21 d. 32

3. a. 61 b. 72 c. 23 d. 35

4. a. 10 b. 5 c. 2 d. 3

Challenge 1. 32 sticks

Do It Yourself 10D

1. a. False b. True 2. 13 plants 3. 33 chocolates

4. 41 masks 5. a. 32 b. 14 c. 12

Challenge 1. a. 3 bees b. 12 butterﬂies

2. Answers may vary. Sample answer: I had 66 crayons. I gave 32 to my little brother. How many are left with me now?

Chapter Checkup

1. a. 14 b. 14 2. a. 28 b. 38 c. 60 d. 79

3. a. 5 b. 26 c. 42 d. 81 4. a. 28 b. 47 c. 39 d. 55

5. a. 22 b. 32 c. 3 d. 21 6. 37 apples

7. Truck, 31 bags more 8. a. 97 toﬀees b. 85 toﬀees

9. a. 82; Blue b. 35; Green c. 66; Yellow d. 24; Black

Challenge 1. a. + b. – c. – d. + 2. c, d

Real-Life Maths

1. d 2. d 3. d

4. Answers will vary.

Chapter 11

Let’s Warm-up 1. 8 2. 6 3. 4 4. 5

Do It Yourself 11A

1. a. 3 + 3 = 6 b. 4 + 4 + 4 = 12

2. a. 2; 13 b. 3; 5

3. Answers may vary. Sample answers: a. 12 b. 12

4. a. 3; 2 b. 4; 2 5. a. 4 × 2 = 8 b. 2 × 4 = 8 6.

Tom took 7 jumps. 7 × 2 = 14

Challenge 1. 6; 8; 10; 12

Do It Yourself 11B

1. a. 2 groups b. 5 groups 2. a. 3 things b. 2 things

3. a. 4 things in each group

b. 2 things in each group

4. 5 sweets

Challenge 1. 4 people get 2 slices.

Chapter Checkup

1. a. 4 + 4 = 8 b. 3 + 3 + 3= 9

2. a. 4 groups of 4

b. 3 groups of 2

3. a. 2; 2 b. 2; 3 4. There are 5 groups of bananas with 3 bananas in each group.

5. 0 1 2 3 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9

6. 2 × 3 = 6 7. 5 × 3 = 15 8. a. 2 × 4 = 8 b. 3 × 5 = 15

Challenge 1. 3 baskets 2. There will be 2 ﬂowers in each vase.

1. 1; Answer may vary. 2. d 3. 5 4. Answers may vary.

Chapter 12

Let’s Warm-up Circle 1, 2, 10, 20. Tick 1, 2, 10, 11, 12

Do It Yourself 12A

1. a, c 2. a. morning b. morning c. afternoon d. night

3. a. earlier, later b. earlier, later 4. a, c

5. Answers may vary. Sample answers: a. Building a house

b. Travelling from Chennai to Delhi by train

c. A plant growing from a seed.

Challenge 1. night

Do It Yourself 12B

1. minute hand, hour hand 2. a. 2:00 b. 11:00

c. 1:00 d. 12:00 3. a. 8:00 b. 10:00 c. 11 o’ clock

d. 2 o’ clock 4. a. 3 o’ clock or 3:00 b. 6 o’ clock or 6:00

c. 9 o’ clock or 9:00 d. 8 o’ clock or 8:00

Challenge 1. Rina is correct because when the minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 6, it is 6 o’ clock.

Do It Yourself 12C

1. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday

2. No, Yes 3. a. Wednesday b. Saturday

4. a. April, August b. January, June, July

c. March, May 5. a. True b. True c. True

Challenge 1. May

Do It Yourself 12D

1. 20-rupee note, 50-rupee note 2. a. 2 rupees

b. 10 rupees c. 20 rupees d. 1 rupee

3. 100-rupee note 4. ₹20 coin

Challenge 1. Rama’s

Do It Yourself 12E

1. a. ₹2 b. ₹3 c. ₹4 2. a. Two b. Three c. Four

3. She has ₹2, ₹5, ₹1, ₹10, ₹20 coins. 4. ₹20

Challenge 1. Answers may vary. Sample answer. She can give 5 coins of ₹10 to buy the ice cream.

Chapter Checkup

1. a. Clap hands once short Cleaning a cupboard long

b. Putting waste in a dustbin short Watering the plants long

c. Putting plates on the table short Cooking food long

2. Answers may vary. Sample answers:

a. Have breakfast b. Have lunch c. Have dinner

3. a. 10 o’ clock or 10:00 b. 8 o’ clock or 8:00

c. 2 o’ clock or 2:00 4. a. Friday b. Monday

c. Saturday, Sunday d. Tuesday, Thursday

5. a. February b. September c. October

6. a. N b. C c. C d. C e. N f. N

7. a. ₹6 b. ₹20 8. ₹20

Challenge 1. Yes, Raha is correct because there are 60 minutes in an hour. 2. a

Real-Life Maths

1. a. 1:00 b. 8:00 c. tea

2. a. Morning b. Afternoon c. Evening d. Night

3. Answers will vary

Chapter 13

Let’s Warm-up 1 2. 3. 4. 5.

Do It Yourself 13A 1. 2. 3.

4. a. The sun and the rainbows b. The moon and the stars

Challenge 1. a.

b. Same colours

Do It Yourself 13B

1. 4, 3 2. 7, 8, 7 3. 6, 3, 5, 5 4. 2, 5, 4, 4, 5, 1

Challenge 1. a. 8, 9, 10

b. Sort by the same number of holes.

Number of Holes 2 holes4 holes

How many? 19 8

Do It Yourself 13C

1. a. Sunﬂowers b. Cactuses c. 18 plants

2. a. T b. T c. F 3. a. Brown leaves

b. Green leaves c. Brown leaves; 2 4. a. Apple

b. Watermelon and pineapple. c. 7

Challenge 1.

Chapter Checkup 1.

3. 6, 10, 5 4. 2, 5, 6, 4 5. 5, 2, 3, 2, 3

6.a. F b. F c. F 7.a. 5 b. 6 c. turtles d. lions

8. a. 5 b. Pink c. 14 butterﬂies

Challenge 1.a. 8 b. 12

Real-Life Maths

1. Things to Eat: Bananas; Sugar; Rice; 3 Things for Cleaning: Soap bar; Shampoo; Toothpaste; Washing Powder; 4

2. d 3. a

4. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Bananas and rice.

About the Book

Imagine Mathematics seamlessly bridges the gap between abstract mathematics and real-world relevance, oﬀering engaging narratives, examples and illustrations that inspire young minds to explore the beauty and power of mathematical thinking. Aligned with the NEP 2020, this book is tailored to make mathematics anxiety-free, encouraging learners to envision mathematical concepts rather than memorize them. The ultimate objective is to cultivate in learners a lifelong appreciation for this vital discipline.

Key Features

• Let’s Recall: Introductory page with a quick recall of concepts learnt in previous grades

• Real Life Connect: Introduction to a new concept related to real-life situations

• Examples: Solved problems showing the correct method and complete solution

• Do It Together: Guided practice for learners with clues and hints to help solve problems

• Think and Tell: Probing questions to stimulate Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

• Error Alert: A simple tip-off to help avoid misconceptions and common mistakes

• Remember: Key points for easy recollection

• Did You Know? Interesting facts related to the application of concept

• Math Lab: Fun cross-curricular activities

• Challenge: Critical thinking questions to enhance problem-solving and analytical thinking skills

• Real-Life Maths: Scenario-based questions to apply theory to real-life situations

• QR Codes: Digital integration through the app to promote self-learning and practice

About Uolo

Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.

ISBN 978-81-979482-5-1

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