AWARE
Navigate the Rapidly Changing World
AWARE
Navigate the Rapidly Changing World
Acknowledgements
Academic Authors: Kashika Parnami, Arpit Agarwal, Urmi Maitra, Anuj Gupta
Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish
Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh, Sanjay Kumar Goel
Project Lead: Chandani Goyal
VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar
All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
© Uolo EdTech Private Limited
First impression 2024
Second impression 2025
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.
Book Title: Aware General Knowledge 3
ISBN: 978-81-980193-0-1
Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited
Corporate Office Address:
85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003
CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986
Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com
All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.
To Parents and Teachers
In the dynamic and ever-changing world of the 21st century, knowledge is a beacon that guides us through the myriad challenges and opportunities that come our way. In this age of information, possessing a keen sense of general knowledge and awareness has become more critical than ever before. This awareness becomes a compass that helps us navigate through the complexities of our modern existence, allowing us to make informed decisions, think critically, and appreciate the world’s diversity.
The NEP (National Education Policy) 2020 emphasises the need to develop in learners the respect towards fundamental duties and constitutional values, generate awareness on one’s roles and responsibilities in a dynamic world, foster a sense of national pride and global citizenship.
On that note, we are delighted to present this comprehensive and engaging General Knowledge and Current Affairs book, designed specifically for learners in grades 1 to 8. This book, which spans nine thoughtfully curated themes, will serve as a constant companion in the quest for knowledge and awareness.
The world is evolving at an unprecedented pace, and it’s crucial that young minds are well-informed about the happenings around them. Topics in The Year Gone By theme offer insights into the significant events and milestones of the previous year.
In Science and Technology, learners explore groundbreaking innovations and discoveries that are actively defining and shaping our future.
In Earth and Environment, learners explore topics related to sustainability and environmental conservation. Recognising the delicate balance in our planet’s ecosystem and the paramount importance of preserving it are vital 21st-century skills.
In International Affairs, learners explore landmark global events of the past and the present, and developments across the world.
The theme Incredible India will help learners to explore the rich tapestry of our nation’s history, culture and heritage.
In Sports, learners explore the world of games, athletes, and the importance of teamwork and physical fitness.
The theme, Art and Culture enables the learners to appreciate human creativity, celebrate diverse traditions and discover the rich heritage of human expression across the world.
Life Skills and Financial Literacy provide learners with valuable practical skills essential for navigating their lives with confidence and competence.
This book is crafted to offer informative and enjoyable learning experiences, incorporating clear explanations, captivating visuals and abundant questions for interactive classroom engagement.
This book is supplemented by a digital and interactive learning platform. QR codes in each topic facilitate compatibility with smart classrooms and enable at-home access. The digital resources include topic-specific videos and learning experiences on current affairs and developments around the world.
Welcome to the world of General Knowledge and Current Affairs! We wish the best to all the teachers and learners!
Elements of a Topic — a Quick Glance
The helps us type letters and numbers.
Label the parts of a computer.
It is like the brain of the computer.
We use a mouse to click on and select things.
We use the keyboard to type letters and numbers.
Themes
The Year Gone By
Earth and Environment
Art and
Creativity
The NEP Tags
The National Education Policy (NEP) outlines essential skills, values, dispositions and learning approaches necessary for learners to thrive in the 21st century. Aware incorporates these elements throughout its content, tasks, and projects. Referred to as ‘NEP Tags,’ they are defined as follows:
21st SKILLS
Bringing creativity and fun into learning by combining music, drama and art
Higher-Order
Thinking
Encouraging higher-order skills such as analyzing, evaluating, problem-solving and fostering deep understanding
Green Living
Unwavering commitment to generating awareness of a green, peaceful and prosperous world
21st–Century Skills
Fostering skills and knowledge—such as critical thinking, communication, and digital literacy—that are essential for success in today’s rapidly changing world
Health and Wellness
Promoting practices that support physical, mental, and emotional well-being for a balanced and healthy lifestyle
Moral and
Values
Building strong character, guiding towards ethical decision making, and developing respect, kindness, and a sense of responsibility
Leaders of India in 2024
Leaders of a country are chosen by the people of the country. They make important decisions that help to run the government smoothly. Let us read about some of the leaders of India in 2024.
Droupadi Murmu
She became the 15th and the youngest president of India in 2022. She is the second female president and the first president from a tribal community.
Narendra Damodardas Modi
He has been the prime minister of India since 2014. In 2024, he was re-elected as the prime minister for the third time.
Dharmendra Pradhan
He has been the education minister of India since 2021. He also served as the minister of petroleum and natural gas.
Jagdeep Dhankar
He became the 14th vice-president of India in 2022. Before this, he was a lawyer.
Amit Shah
He has been the home minister of India since 2019. In 2021, he was elected as the first minister of cooperation of India.
Nitin Jairam Gadkari
He has been the minister of road transport and highways since 2014. He has held this role for more than ten years.
Leaders always put the needs of the people first. A leader should be honest and kind. Use the internet and ask your parents to help you find the names of the finance minister and defense minister of India.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the leaders and their positions.
a President of India
b Prime Minister of India
c Home Minister of India
d Education Minister of India
e Vice-president of India
2 Fill in the blanks.
a Narendra Modi was re-elected as the prime minister of India for the time in 2024.
b became India’s first president from a tribal community.
c In 2024, was re-elected as the minister of road transport and highways of India.
d The first minister of cooperation of India was .
e Jagdeep Dhankar was a before he became the vice-president of India.
Unique Trees
There are many unique trees found around the world. Let us learn about some of them.
The Ancient Bristlecone Pines in the White Mountains of California are over 4,800 years old. They are one of the oldest living trees on Earth.
General Sherman Tree is a giant sequoia tree located in the Sequoia National Park in California, USA. It is the largest tree in the world by volume. It is around 2,200 years old.
The Hyperion located in the Redwood National Park of California, is the world’s tallest tree. It is more than 115 metres tall. It is over 600 years old.
The Tree of Tule located in Santa María del Tule, Mexico. This tree has the thickest trunk in the world. It is estimated to be over 2,000 years old.
The Baobab trees are known for their enormous, thick trunks and thin branches. They are found in Africa and Australia. They are often referred to as the ‘Tree of Life’ because it provides humans with water and food. Some baobab trees are thought to be thousands of years old.
All these trees are very old and important. They should be protected.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the places where these trees are found.
a The Hyperion tree
b Baobab trees
c The Tree of Tule
2 Fill in the blanks with the correct names of the trees.
a The has the thickest trunk in the world.
b The is the tallest living tree in the world.
c The is often called the ‘Tree of Life’.
d The are the oldest trees in the world.
e The is the largest tree in the world by volume.
3 Read the hints and solve the crossword puzzle.
ACROSS
1. The General Sherman Tree is located in .
2. The Baobab trees are known for their enormous
DOWN
1. The tree is more than 115 metres tall.
2. The Tree of is located in Santa María del Tule.
The Internet
The internet was one of the greatest inventions of the 1900s. Let us learn more about it.
The internet is a network that connects computers all over the world. We use the internet on our phones, computers and tablets.
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn are the founders of the internet.
Some Basic Terms Related to the Internet
Web Page: It is like a single page in a book with information and content.
Website
Web Page
Web Browser: It is used to view the information on websites. Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox
Website: It is a collection of web pages.
Search Engine
Search Engine: It is a computer program that helps us find information online. Google Bing
The Use of the Internet in Everyday Life
• It is used to find information on any topic.
• It helps us communicate with people all over the world.
• It is used for entertainment.
• We often use it to shop online.
HEALTH
The internet is fun and helps us learn new things, but it is also important to spend time playing outside and exercising. This helps us stay healthy and strong.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write ‘S’ for search engines and ‘W’ for web browsers.
2 Tick () the activities that we can do using the internet.
a Play cricket in the park
b Watch films
c Search for information
d Shop online
e Travel to our friend’s house
f Talk to our friends
3 Fill in the blanks.
a The internet is a that connects computers all over the world.
b and are the founders of the internet.
c A is a collection of web pages.
d helps us to find information online.
e is used to view the information on websites.
National Days and Celebrations
Many important days are celebrated in our country. Let us learn more about them.
Republic Day—26 January
On this day, the Constitution of India came into effect in 1950. A parade is held every year at the Kartavya Path in New Delhi. During the parade, people from many states present performances known as Jhanki. The officers from the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force also march with their bands.
Independence Day—15 August
On this day, India gained independence from British rule in 1947. Every year, the prime minister of India hoists the flag at the Red Fort in New Delhi. He also gives a speech.
Gandhi Jayanti—2 October
This day celebrates the birth of Mahatma Gandhi. He played an important role in helping India gain its freedom from British rule. This day is observed as a national holiday.
Van Mahotsav—1 to 7 July
Van Mahotsav is a tree-planting festival. It is celebrated every year in the first week of July. It teaches people about the importance of trees. During this event, people across India plant trees.
International Day of Yoga—21 June
People celebrate this day by practising yoga. This day teaches the importance of having a healthy body and mind. It was first celebrated in 2015.
Do research on any one of the national days of India. Make a poster with a message to show why the day is important.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Which day is celebrated on the following dates?
a 2 October
b 26 January
c 21 June
d 15 August
2 Read the hints. Rearrange the letters and write the names of the days.
a ANV HOMASTAV (This is a tree-planting festival.)
b BURPELCI ADY (A parade is held at Kartavya Path on this day.)
c DENEPEIDNCNE DAY (India gained freedom from the British.)
d AHGNDI ATAYNJI (This is celebrated on 2 October.)
3 Fill in the blanks.
a On Republic Day, the officers of the Indian , Navy and Air Force march with their bands.
b The first International Day of Yoga was celebrated in the year .
c The Republic Day parade is held in , the capital of India.
d India gained independence from the British on .
e Van Mahotsav is celebrated every year in the month of .
Know About Some Countries
There are many countries across the world. Each country has unique features and attractions. Let us learn about some countries.
China
China is a country in Asia. As of 2024, it has the secondlargest population in the world. Mandarin and Cantonese are languages commonly used in China. The Great Wall of China is a world-famous monument in the country.
The United States of America (USA)
The USA is a country in North America. It has 50 states. English and Spanish are the most widely used languages in the USA. Some famous places in the USA are the Statue of Liberty and the Grand Canyon.
France
France is a country in Europe. It shares its land borders with eight different countries. French is the language spoken there. The Eiffel Tower and the Louvre Museum are famous places in France.
Egypt
Egypt is a country in Africa. It has the river Nile, which is the longest river in the world. Arabic is the language spoken there. It has wonders like the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Sphinx, which were built more than 5,000 years ago.
Australia
Australia is the only country in the world which is also a continent. English is spoken there. It has a natural wonder called the Uluru Rock. It is sacred to the native people of Australia, called the Aborigines.
Use the internet to find some more interesting places to visit in all these countries.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Read the clues and solve the crossword.
ACROSS
1. I am the only country which is also a continent.
2. I am the country with the secondlargest population in the world.
DOWN
1. I share land borders with eight other countries.
2. I am the country where you can see the Grand Canyon.
2 In which country will you find these?
a The Statue of Liberty
b The Pyramid of Giza
c The Uluru Rock
d The Eiffel Tower
3 Name a language spoken in these countries.
a France
b The USA
c Egypt
d Australia
e China
Cricket 6
Cricket is a popular game played by many people around the world. We use a bat and a ball to play it. Let us learn more about this sport.
How to Play Cricket
There are two teams, each with 11 players. After winning a coin toss, a team can choose to either bat or bowl. The team which bats first sets the score or runs. The other team has to score more runs to win.
Players need some basic equipment to play cricket.
A Cricket Ground
Cricket is played on an oval ground with a rectangular pitch in the centre.
As of 2024, there are over 200 cricket stadiums in the world. India alone has 53 cricket stadiums. The Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad is the largest cricket stadium in the world.
Formats of Cricket Matches
There are 3 formats of cricket matches based on the number of overs played. Each over consists of 6 balls.
• A Test match has no limit on the number of overs. It may last for up to five days.
• In a One Day International (ODI) match, each team faces 50 overs.
• A Twenty20 International (T20I) match has a limit of 20 overs per team. It is the fastest format in cricket.
Cricket is a team game where players work together to win. It teaches us the importance of teamwork and communication in order to succeed.
Helmet Batting Gloves
Batting Pads
Wickets
Bat and Ball
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Tick () the equipment one needs to play cricket.
2 Which format of cricket is it?
a It has 20 overs.
b It has 50 overs.
c It has no limit on the number of overs.
3 Fill in the blanks.
a Cricket is a team sport with players on each side.
b An over consists of balls.
c Cricket grounds are in shape.
d A cricket pitch is in shape.
e In a game of cricket, one side chooses to while the other team has to and field.
First-aid Kit
First aid is the immediate help given to someone who is sick or hurt. First aid is used to treat minor wounds or illnesses or to help a person until medical help arrives.
A First-aid Kit
To give first aid, we need a first-aid kit. It is a box or bag that has things like medicines, bandage and other tools.
in a First-aid Kit or Box
• We should wear gloves before providing first aid.
• We use antiseptic solutions and cotton to clean a wound.
• We can apply band-aid strips and antiseptic creams on small cuts.
• We use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the patient.
• We use ice packs if there is a swelling due to an injury.
• Only give medicines for fever and pain after talking to a doctor.
We should keep a first-aid kit in homes, schools and offices. A smaller first-aid kit, called a first-aid box, should be kept in cars and buses.
Practice Time
1 Name these items from a first-aid kit.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
b c
2 Write True or False.
a We should only keep a first-aid kit at home.
b First aid helps to reduce pain due to injuries.
c Only a doctor or a nurse should have a first-aid kit.
d We can use antiseptic solutions to clean a wound.
e We should not keep scissors in a first-aid kit.
3 Read the clues. Rearrange the letters to name the item in the first-aid kit.
a It helps to measure the temperature of a person. (MERTHOETERM)
b It is used to clean a wound or a cut. (TNOTOC)
c It can be applied on small cuts. (NADB-IAD)
d It helps to reduce pain and fever. (CINIMEDE)
Disasters of 2024
Natural disasters are sudden natural events. They cause a lot of damage to plants, animals, buildings and people. Many natural disasters occurred in 2024.
Earthquakes
During an earthquake, the ground shakes suddenly, causing trees and buildings to fall.
Noto Peninsula Earthquake
On 1 January 2024, an earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula, a place in Japan. It caused a lot of damage and loss of lives.
Storms
During a storm, winds blow at high speed and there is heavy rainfall. It can make trees fall and cause floods, which happen when water rises above the level of the ground.
Hurricane Beryl
On 1 July 2024, a very strong cyclone named Hurricane Beryl hit Grenada. It damaged several buildings and roadways. Over the next few days, it also affected other countries like Venezuela and Mexico.
Landslides
When a large mass of earth and rocks slides down a mountain or a slope, it is called a landslide. It causes a lot of destruction.
Wayanad Landslides
In August 2024, many landslides occurred in the Wayanad district of Kerala. It was a terrible disaster that nearly wiped out two villages, and many people lost their lives.
We can reduce the impact of natural disasters by planting trees and preserving forests.
Use the internet to find the steps one should follow to stay safe during a natural disaster.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write when these disasters occurred.
a Noto Peninsula Earthquake
b Hurricane Beryl
c Wayanad Landslides
2 Match the following.
a Earthquake A mass of earth and rocks that slide down
b Storm Shaking of the earth
c Landslide High speed winds and heavy rainfall
3 Tick () the things that happen during a disaster.
a Water becomes pure.
b There is a loss of lives
c A large mass of rocks moves up a slope.
d The sky becomes orange and bright.
e Buildings are destroyed.
f The supply of electricity may stop.
Animals with Super Senses
Some animals have developed their senses in such amazing ways that it seems as if they have superpowers. It helps them stay safe or find food. Let us learn about a few such super senses.
Snakes use their tongues to smell. When they stick out their tongues, they can smell things in the air. This helps them hunt even in darkness.
Dogs can not only smell things that are very far away, but they can also pick up scents too faint for humans to smell. They also have excellent hearing and can hear sounds that we cannot.
Elephants have long noses called trunks. They use their trunks to smell things from very far away. Their large ears help them hear very low sounds, which keeps them safe from danger.
Eagles have super sharp eyesight. It is so good that if we had their eyesight, we could spot an ant on the ground from a tenth-floor window. This helps eagles hunt from very high above.
Bees have an excellent sense of smell and a very good sense of taste. They can pick up the taste of a flower’s nectar even before they touch it with their tongues.
Use the internet to find any three other animals that have super senses.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Read the names of the animals and write the super senses they have.
a Dog:
b Elephant:
c Snake:
d Bee:
e Eagle:
2 Solve this crossword puzzle using the hints given.
ACROSS
1. I use my tongue to smell.
2. I can hear sounds that humans cannot hear.
3. I use my trunk to smell things that are very far away.
DOWN
1. I have very good eyesight which helps me hunt.
2. We can feel the taste of nectar without touching it with our tongues.
Social Media
Today, social media websites are the most used websites in the world. Let us learn more about them.
What Is Social Media?
Social media are websites or applications where people can connect, share information and interact with each other. We use these social media websites and applications on our mobile phones, computers and tablets.
Uses of Social Media
We can chat with friends and family all over the world and make new friends.
We can share our pictures and videos. We can also share our creative skills or talents with others.
We can join different groups to learn and discuss topics that interest us.
Popular Social Media Platforms
It was created in 2004. The founder of Facebook is Mark Zuckerberg.
It was created in 2010. The founders of Instagram are Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger.
X
It was created in 2006 and is currently owned by Elon Musk. Before 2023, it was known as Twitter.
We should use social media websites responsibly and safely under our parent’s guidance.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Mention the year in which these social media platforms were created.
a Twitter :
b Facebook :
c Instagram :
2 Name the founders/owners of these social media platforms.
a Facebook:
b Instagram:
c X:
3 Tick () the activities that we can do using social media.
a Talk to friends and family
b Share our pictures and videos
c Travel to our friend’s house
d Learn new things
e Read our textbooks
f Share our creative skills
g Water the plants
h Join different groups to learn new things
4 Draw and colour the logo of Facebook.
Waterfalls in India
India is home to many waterfalls, each with its own special features. Let us learn about some beautiful waterfalls in our country.
The Dudhsagar Waterfalls are located on the Mandovi River in Goa. The waterfall is called Dudhsagar because it looks as if giant rivers of milk are flowing down.
The Chitrakote Waterfalls are located on the Indravati River in Bastar, Chhattisgarh. It is the widest waterfall in India. It is also called the Niagara Falls of India, due to their similar shape.
The Kunchikal Falls are on the Varahi River in Karnataka. It is the highest waterfall in India, with a height of 455 metres.
The Bhambavli Vajrai Waterfalls are located on the Urmodi River in Satara, Maharashtra. It is the highest waterfall in Maharashtra with a height of about 560 metres.
The Dhuandhar Falls are formed by the Narmada River. It is located in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. It is so named because of its white, smoky look.
The Nohkalikai Waterfalls are located in Sohra, Meghalaya. These falls are mainly fed by rainwater, making them strongest during the monsoon season.
It is important to protect the environment around waterfalls to maintain the balance of the ecosystems and ensure that future generations can enjoy their beauty.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the location of the waterfalls.
a The Bhambavli Vajrai Waterfalls
b The Chitrakote Waterfalls
c The Nohkalikai Waterfalls
d The Kunchikal Falls
e The Dudhsagar Waterfalls
f The Dhuandhar Falls
2 Read the clues and name the waterfalls.
a It is the highest waterfall in India.
b It is the widest waterfall in India.
c It is the highest waterfall in Maharashtra.
d Its name means, a sea of milk, in Hindi.
e It is so named because of its white, smoky look.
3 Fill in the table.
Waterfalls Rivers
a The Kunchikal Falls
b The Bhambavli Vajrai Waterfalls
c The Chitrakote Waterfalls
d The Dhuandhar Falls
e The Dudhsagar Waterfalls
Our Role Models
Mother Teresa (1910–1997)
She devoted her life to helping the poor. She founded the Missionaries of Charity in the year 1950. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.
Nelson Mandela (1918–2013)
He was the first black president of South Africa. As a freedom fighter for South Africa, he was put in prison for 27 years. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)
His full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. His birthday on 2 October, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti. He believed in Ahimsa, or non-violence.
Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931–2015)
He was a popular space scientist. He helped to develop India’s missiles named the Prithvi and the Agni missiles. That is why he is popularly known as the Missile Man of India. He served as the 11th president of India.
Albert Einstein (1879–1955)
He was a German scientist. His studies have helped us to better understand how the universe works. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
Kalpana Chawla (1962–2003)
She was an Indian-born American astronaut. She was the first woman of Indian origin to go to outer space. She travelled to space for the first time in 1997, on the Space Shuttle, Columbia. She went on her second space mission in 2003.
These people achieved their success through determination and hard work. They inspire us to keep trying, even when faced with challenges or setbacks.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Who am I?
a I am the Missile Man of India. (JAP DUBLA MAKLA)
b I was put in prison for 27 years. (SELONN DAENMLA)
c I believed in non-violence. (ATHAMAM NIGHDA)
d I won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. (TERBAL NESTINEI)
e I founded the Missionaries of Charity. (RETHOM ERETSA)
f I was the first Indian-born woman who went to outer space. (PAKLAAN HWALAC)
2 Fill in the blanks.
a Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was the 11th president of .
b Nelson Mandela was the first black president of .
c Every year, Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated on .
d Kalpana Chawla went on her first space mission in the year .
e Mother Teresa received the for her work in the year 1979.
Taste of India 13
India has a lot of different food items from many places. Each has a special flavour. Let us read about some of these delicious dishes.
Dosa is a famous thin and crispy dish from South India. It is made from a batter of rice and lentils (dals). It is usually served with sambhar and coconut chutney.
Dal Bati Churma is a popular Rajasthani dish. Bati is a baked wheat ball. Churma is a sweet powder made of wheat, ghee and sugar.
Vada Pav is a popular street food from Maharashtra.
Vada is a round and spicy potato patty. It is served in a small bun or pav, with chutney and chillies.
Hyderabadi biryani is a famous biryani of India. It is a mix of rice, spices, meat and vegetables. It is often cooked in big pots and served with raita or salad.
Dhokla is a popular Gujarati snack. It is soft and spongy and is usually made of besan. It is served with chilies and coriander chutney.
Chole Bhature is a popular dish from North India. The chole is a spicy curry, and the bhature are puffy, round, deep-fried breads. It is mostly served with onions and lassi.
India’s diverse food teaches us to respect different cultures and celebrate unity in diversity.
Discuss with your partner the Indian dishes that you have tried. Share which are your favourites and why.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the name of any one famous dish from these places.
a Rajasthan
b North India
c Gujarat
d South India
e Maharashtra
2 Which dish is it?
a This dish consists of a spicy curry and puffy, round breads.
b This is a thin, crispy dish, usually made from a batter of rice and lentils.
c This dish contains layers of rice, meat, spices and vegetables.
d This is a sponge-like snack made primarily from besan.
e This is a flavourful potato patty in the middle of a bun.
3 Write two famous dishes from your state.
Know Your Kitchen 14
The kitchen is an important part of our home. It has different items that help us cook and eat delicious food. Let us learn about the kitchen.
Utensils
We use kitchen utensils in many ways. We prepare ingredients, cook, serve and eat food using different utensils.
Tools
These items are used for various purposes— from food preparation to cooking. They help us cut, chop, grind, mix and pick up food.
Appliances
Kitchen appliances are electronic devices that save time and make cooking easy. There are many kitchen appliances such as toasters and microwaves.
Cookware
These are the kitchen items used to cook on the stove for example, pots, frying pans and pressure cookers.
Bakeware
These are the kitchen items used to bake food in the oven for example, baking sheets, bowls and baking pans.
Refrigerator
A refrigerator (or fridge) is an important kitchen appliance. It keeps food items cold and fresh for a longer period.
It is important to keep kitchen utensils, tools and appliances clean to avoid germs and keep our food safe.
Ask your parents to help you find out what tools you have in your home kitchen.
Practice Time
1 Name any two utensils used to cook food.
2 Name any two kitchen appliances.
3 Match the following.
a Tools b Cookware c Appliances d Utensils
4 Write down which tools or appliances can be used in the following situations. Oven Refrigerator Knife Pan
a Pranav bought apples and wants to store them.
b Aarya wants to chop some vegetables.
c Aisha wants to cook food on the stove.
d Karuna wants to bake a cake.
Money 15
Money is a medium of exchange. It is used to pay for goods and services. Let us learn more about money.
Money is something people use to buy things they need or want. It can be in the form of coins and paper notes.
Money is created and issued by the government of a country. The form of money used in a country is called its currency. The Indian rupee (INR) is the currency of India.
By law, everyone must accept the money that is issued by the government.
In earlier times, people did not use notes and coins. Instead, they used items such as sea shells, salt, animals like cattle and precious metals like gold and silver.
Lending and Borrowing Money
We can also borrow and lend money.
Borrowing money means taking money from someone and agreeing to return it after some time. For example, if you borrow 5 rupees from a friend, you will have to return the rupees later. We can also borrow money from banks.
Lending money means giving someone money that they agree to return later. Banks also lend money to people.
If we borrow money from someone, we should always return it as soon as possible. We should not keep it with us for very long.
Indian rupee coins
Indian rupee notes
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Tick () the items that were used as money in earlier times.
2 Write True or False.
a The currency of India is the Indian Dollar.
b When we borrow money, we do not have to return it.
c Banks also lend money to people.
d Money is issued by local banks.
e A shop can refuse to accept money that is issued by the government.
3 Fill in the blanks.
a Money is used to pay for and .
b money means giving money to someone that they agree to return later.
c Money is created and issued by the .
d Money is commonly used in the form of and .
Gold
Sea shells
Cotton
Salt
Wood
Potatoes
Discoveries, 2024 16
India is home to a wide variety of flora (plants) and fauna (animals). Every year, new animals and plants are discovered in India. Let us learn about some of the discoveries in 2024.
Coral Snake
The new species of coral snake is named Sinomicrurus gorei. It has been discovered in Mizoram. Coral snakes are known for their bright colours and are very poisonous.
Shield-tail Snake
The new species of shield-tail snake is named Uropeltis caudomaculata. It has been discovered in Tamil Nadu. This snake has shield-shaped scales on its tail and is non-poisonous.
Indian Kangaroo Lizard
The new species of Indian Kangaroo lizard is named Agasthyagama edge. It has been discovered in Kerala. These lizards move around by running on their hind legs (back legs) just like kangaroos do. They also have a very long tail.
Ginger Plant
The new species of ginger is named Globba janakiae. It has been found in Meghalaya. The flowers of this species have a unique shape and are very delicate. Alongside two other species of ginger, they are also known as ‘Dancing Girls’.
We should spread awareness among our friends and family about protecting Indian flora and fauna.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the species and the states they were discovered in.
a Tamil Nadu
b Meghalaya
c Mizoram
d Kerala
2 Fill in the blanks.
a Coral snakes are very .
b snakes are known for their bright colours.
c Shield-tail snakes have on their tails.
d The Indian Kangaroo lizard moves around by running on its .
e Alongside two other species of ginger, the Globba janakiae plant is also known as .
3 Sort the following as flora or fauna.
Indian Kangaroo lizard Ginger Plant Coral Snake
Flora Fauna
Oceans and Continents
Our Earth is divided into oceans and continents. Let us learn about them.
A very large mass of land is called a continent. Continents are separated from each other by water. There are seven continents in the world.
North America
It has 23 countries. The five Great Lakes, which form the largest fresh water system, are located here.
Europe
It has 44 countries. The smallest country in the world, Vatican City, is located here.
South America
It has 12 countries. The world’s biggest rainforest, the Amazon rainforest, is located here.
Africa
It has 54 countries. The world’s longest river, the Nile, flows through Africa.
Asia
It is the largest continent. It has 48 countries. It is home to the the world’s tallest mountain range, the Himalayas.
Australia
It is the smallest continent. It is home to unique animals like koalas and kangaroos.
Antarctica
It is almost completely covered in ice and snow. It is home to animals like penguins and seals.
Oceans are huge bodies of water. There are five oceans in the world:
• The Pacific Ocean: It is the largest and the deepest ocean on Earth.
• The Atlantic Ocean: It separates Europe and Africa from the Americas.
• The Indian Ocean: It is surrounded by Asia, Africa and Australia.
• The Southern Ocean: It is also called the Antarctic Ocean. It surrounds Antarctica.
• The Arctic Ocean: It is the smallest ocean in the world. It surrounds the North Pole.
Use the internet to find the names of any two countries that are located on each of these continents.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the following.
a The Himalayas Antarctica
b Koalas and kangaroos Africa
c Penguins and seals Asia
d Nile Australia
2 Fill in the blanks.
a is almost completely covered in ice and snow.
b The Ocean surrounds the North Pole.
c in Europe is the smallest country in the world.
d is the largest continent.
e The Ocean is the deepest ocean on Earth.
f The Amazon rainforest is located in .
g The Ocean surrounds Antarctica.
3 Identify the continents on the map.
Firsts in Space 18
Every year, many spacecraft are launched that take astronauts, satellites and equipment to outer space. But do you know who or what was the first to go to space? Let us find out.
A dog named Laika was the first animal to go to outer space on 3 November 1957. It went in the spacecraft Sputnik-2, which was launched by the Soviet Union (Russia).
Armstrong from the United States became the first man to walk on the Moon. He and his fellow astronaut, Buzz Aldrin hoisted the first flag on the Moon.
Yuri Gagarin was the first human to go to outer space on 12 April 1961. He was an astronaut from the Soviet Union.
Salyut-1 was the first space station launched in space on 19 April 1971 by the Soviet Union.
Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to go to space on 16 June 1963. She spent almost three days in space.
On 3 April 1984, Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian astronaut to go to outer space.
On 19 November 1997, Kalpana Chawla, an Indian-born American astronaut, became the first woman of Indian origin to go to outer space.
Use the internet to find the name of India’s first spacecraft and when it was launched.
Practice Time
1 Name these firsts in the space.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a The first human who walked on the Moon.
b The first Indian-born woman in space.
c The first space station.
d The first human in space.
e The first woman in space.
f The first Indian man in space.
2 Fill in the blanks.
a Laika went to space on the spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union.
b Valentina Tereshkova was in space for almost days.
c Yuri Gagarin was an astronaut from the .
d Kalpana Chawla became the first woman of Indian origin to go to .
e Neil Armstrong and hoisted the US flag on the Moon.
3 Help the astronaut reach his spacecraft safely.
Kho Kho
Kho Kho is a very popular game played in India. It is one of the oldest forms of outdoor sport. Let us learn more about it.
Kho Kho was first played in Maharashtra. The word ‘Kho’ in Marathi means ‘go and chase.’ It is a team game, and both men and women play it.
How to Play Kho Kho?
Number of teams: 2 teams (Chasing and Defending)
Number of players in a team: 9 players
Field: It is played on a rectangular field with a centre line and posts at each end of the line.
Chasing Team (Red): Eight players from the team sit on the central line, while one player from the same team tries to chase the runners, called the chaser. The chaser can transfer their role to other players by tapping their back and saying ‘Kho’.
Defending Team (Blue): Three players from the defending team run between the players sitting on the ground. They are called runners. They try to avoid being touched by the chasers.
Points: The chasers score points by touching the runners. And the runners score points by avoiding being touched. There are two halves in the game. The teams change roles at the end of the first half. The team with the most points wins the match.
We need strength and stamina to play Kho Kho. It helps us to stay fit and healthy.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Fill in the blanks.
a The team has eight players sitting on the field.
b The team has three players on the field.
c There are players in each Kho Kho team.
d There are posts on the Kho Kho field.
e The score points by chasing the runners.
2 Write True or False.
a Kho Kho is played on a circular field.
b Both men and women play Kho Kho.
c The word ‘Kho’ in Marathi means to go and chase.
d Kho Kho is only played in the first half.
e Kho Kho was first played in Maharashtra.
3 Label the Chaser, the Runner and the Post.
Voices of India
Music is an important part of the entertainment industry in India. Here are some of the famous singers of the Indian music industry.
Lata Mangeshkar (1929–2022) was a playback singer. She was given titles such as the ‘Nightingale of India’ and the ‘Queen of Melody’. In 1991, the Guinness World Records listed her as the most recorded artist in the world with more than 30,000 songs.
Hariharan is a playback singer and music composer. He has recorded over 15,000 songs in more than ten languages, including Kannada and Marathi.
Shreya Ghoshal is a playback singer. She won the children’s music competition Sa Re Ga Ma Pa at the age of 12. She has recorded over 3000 songs in more than twenty languages.
Diljit Dosanjh is a singer, actor, songwriter and film producer. He is one of the leading artists of the Punjabi music and film industry. He has recorded more than 400 songs in many languages.
Arijit Singh is a playback singer. He started his music career by taking part in the music reality show called Fame Gurukul in 2005. He has recorded more than 400 songs in many languages.
Sunidhi Chauhan is a playback singer. She is best known for her Hindi film songs. She has recorded over 2500 songs in more than ten languages.
Music is an art that uses sound to express feelings. Listening to music can change our mood. It can make us happy, sad or excited. Artists and singers practise for years to achieve their goals. It takes hard work, sincerity and dedication.
1 Identify the singer.
2 Name the singers.
a She was known as the ‘Nightingale of India’.
b He is a leading artist in the Punjabi music and film industry.
c He has recorded over 15,000 songs in more than ten languages.
d He started his career with a reality show named Fame Gurukul.
e She became famous after taking part in the music show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa.
f She was listed in the 1991 Guinness World Records as the most recorded artist in the world.
Island Countries
Islands are pieces of land that are surrounded by water on all sides. There are some countries in the world that are made up of one or more islands. Let us learn about some of them.
Japan is an island country in East Asia. It is made up of four main islands. The largest island, Honshu, is the 7th largest island in the world.
Madagascar is an island country located near Africa in the Indian Ocean. It is the second-largest island country in the world. It is famous for its unique plants and animals.
New Zealand is an island country located near Australia in the South Pacific Ocean. It has two main islands—North Island and South Island. There are many smaller islands in the country.
Indonesia is an island country located in Southeast Asia between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the largest island country in the world. It has five main islands.
It is important to take care of the oceans surrounding the islands and the animals living there. If we keep the water clean, people and animals will stay healthy.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the island countries and their locations.
a Japan Indian Ocean
b New Zealand East Asia
c Madagascar South Pacific Ocean
2 Fill in the blanks.
a are pieces of land that are surrounded by water on all sides.
b Japan is made up of main islands.
c is the second-largest island country in the world.
d is an island country located near Australia.
e is an island country located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
3 Circle five differences between the two images.
Eat Healthy, Stay Fit
Eating healthy is eating food that is good for our bodies. It helps us grow strong and stay fit. Let us learn about some healthy food choices and habits.
Whole Grains
We should eat grains as they provide us with energy. Broken wheat (dalia), oats, brown rice and pearl millet (bajra) are some examples of whole grains that we can include in our meals.
Fruit and Vegetables
Fruit and vegetables provide our bodies with vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. They help protect us from diseases. Some vegetables can also be eaten raw in the form of salads.
Nuts and Seeds
Nuts are rich in protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. We can eat nuts like peanuts, almonds, walnuts and cashews as healthy snacks. We can also eat seeds like sesame, sunflower and pumpkin seeds.
Dairy Products
Milk, curd, cheese and paneer are some examples of dairy products. They provide us with calcium that helps to make our bones and teeth strong. Dairy products also have other important vitamins and minerals.
Drinking Enough Water
Drink at least four to five glasses of water a day. It is important to drink water instead of sugary drinks like soda and bottled juices.
Avoiding Junk Food and Sweets
We must avoid eating fast food like pizzas, burgers and French fries. They are unhealthy and can cause many diseases. We should also eat fewer sweets. Eating too much sugary food not only harms our health, but can also spoil our teeth.
There are many people in the world who do not get enough food to eat. We should never waste food.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Tick () the habits that we should follow.
2 Write any two examples of the following healthy foods.
a Dry nuts: and
b Whole grains: and
c Dairy products: and
3 Write any two examples of the following types of food.
a Healthy food items that we should regularly include in our meals.
b Unhealthy food items that we should avoid.
c Food items that we get from plants and trees.
Sports Stars, 2024 23
In 2024, many athletes and sportspersons have made their countries proud by being the best in their sport. Let us learn about a few of them.
Tennis
Rohan Bopanna of India became the oldest man ever to win a Grand Slam tournament. He also became the oldest player to reach the world no. 1 ranking in doubles tennis.
Swimming
Katie Ledecky of the USA won gold medals in the 800m and 1500m freestyle events at the Paris Olympics. This was her fourth back-to-back gold medal in the 800m event at the Olympics. Overall, she has won 9 Olympic gold medals.
Pole Vault
Armand Duplantis of Sweden won a gold medal in the men’s pole vault at the Paris Olympics. He broke the world record three times in 2024.
Shooting
Manu Bhaker of India won two bronze medals at the Paris Olympics—in the 10m air pistol women’s event and the mixed team event. She became the first Indian to win two medals in a single edition of the Olympics.
Para Archery
Harvinder Singh of India won a gold medal in the men’s individual recurve event at the Paris Olympics. This was India’s first ever gold medal in para archery.
Playing sport keeps us fit and healthy. We should take some time out each week to play a sport.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the sportspersons and the sports.
a Katie Ledecky Shooting
b Harvinder Singh Swimming
c Armand Duplantis Para Archery
d Rohan Bopanna Pole Vault
e Manu Bhaker Tennis
2 Unjumble the names of the countries these sportspersons belong to.
a Rohan Bopanna (DNIAI)
b Armand Duplantis (EDWESN)
c Katie Ledecky (SAU)
3 Fill in the blanks.
nine gold Manu Bhaker Rohan Bopanna thrice
a became the oldest man to win a Grand Slam.
b Katie Ledecky has won Olympic gold medals in total.
c became the first Indian to win two medals at a single edition of the Olympics.
d Harvinder Singh won a medal in the men’s individual recurve archery event.
e After the Olympics, Armand Duplantis broke his own world record in 2024.
Composting at Home 24
Composting is a way to turn waste food scraps and other natural things like leaves into rich soil. Compost is put into the soil to grow healthy plants. Composting can easily be done at home. Let us learn how.
STEP 1: Get a Bin
Get a composting bin or a bucket. It must have a lid to keep away the smell and insects.
STEP 2: Collect the Waste
To make a good compost mix, you must have greens—food waste and grass, and browns—garden waste and newspaper.
STEP 3: Layer the Greens and the Browns
First, place the brown waste into your bin. Then place the green waste on top. Lightly pour water on the top layer.
Composting Life Cycle
STEP 4: Keep Mixing
Turn or mix the things in your bin every time you add more waste. It helps to let air inside.
STEP 5: The Compost Is Ready
You can tell that the compost is ready once the material in the bin turns into a dark brown colour, and smells more like soil than rotten food. This takes about two to three months.
Composting helps to reduce waste. It makes the soil healthier and makes plants grow better. We should practise composting.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Tick () the waste that can be used for composting.
a Dry grass
c Plastic bags
b Orange peels
d Cardboard
e Leaves f Broken pieces of glass
2 Name any four kinds of green and four kinds of brown waste.
Waste
Waste
3 Sequence the steps (1-5) of composting in the correct order. Turn the compost mixture.
Get a bucket or bin.
Collect green and brown waste.
The ready compost can be used for plants.
Layer the green and brown waste.
All About Flights
Seeing aircraft like aeroplanes and helicopters flying in the sky always amazes us. Let us find out some interesting facts about aircraft.
The First Flights
• In the 1890s, Otto Lilienthal of Germany was the first to successfully design a glider that could fly a person over long distances. It did not have an engine.
• On 17 December 1903, the Wright brothers—Orville and Wilbur Wright, flew the first successful flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA. This plane was made of wood and had a small engine. It flew for only 12 seconds.
• On 1 January 1914, the first scheduled passenger flight took off. It flew from St. Petersburg to Tampa, Florida. The pilot was Tony Jannus.
Unique Flights
The world’s longest active passenger flight is by Singapore Airlines. The route is from Singapore to New York, USA, on an Airbus A350-900ULR. It takes about 19 hours to complete.
The world’s shortest active passenger flight is by Loganair. The route is between two islands in Scotland. It takes less than 2 minutes.
The Airbus A380-800 is the largest and heaviest passenger aircraft in the world. It has a seating capacity of up to 853 passengers.
Use the internet to find out about the first flight of India.
1 Fill in the table.
When was it launched? Who flew it?
a The first successful glider to fly a person over long distances
b The first successful flight
c The first scheduled passenger flight
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The first successful flight was launched from .
b The first scheduled passenger flight flew from to Tampa, Florida.
c The first successful flight stayed in the air only for seconds.
d The world’s largest passenger aircraft can accommodate up to passengers.
e The world’s longest passenger flight takes about hours to reach its destination.
3 Name the following.
a The operator of the world’s longest flight.
b The operator of the world’s shortest flight.
c The heaviest and largest passenger aircraft.
The Constitution of India
What Is a Constitution?
It is a set of rules and laws according to which a country is governed. The document or book in which this set of rules is written is called a constitution.
The Father of the Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution was created by the Constituent Assembly of India.
Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was the chairman of the committee that was formed to write the constitution of India.
Dr BR Ambedkar is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. He was born on 14 April 1891. Every year this day is celebrated as Ambedkar Jayanti in India.
The Constitution of India
• It was originally written in two languages—Hindi and English.
• It is the longest constitution in the world.
• It was passed on 26 November 1949, which is celebrated as National Constitution Day every year.
• The constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950, this is the day that we celebrate as Republic Day.
The constitution of India protects our rights and keeps India a peaceful country.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz. Practice Time
1 Write the correct date of these events.
a The Indian Constitution was passed:
b The Indian Constitution came into effect:
c Dr BR Ambedkar was born on:
2 Fill in the blanks.
a A is a set of rules according to which a country is governed.
b The is the longest constitution in the world.
c was the chairman of the committee who wrote the Indian constitution.
d The was the government body that created the Indian Constitution.
e The Indian Constitution was originally written in and .
3 Match the following.
a National Constitution Day 14 April
b India’s First Republic Day 26 November
c Ambedkar Jayanti 26 January 1950
Passport
A passport is a document issued by a government that confirms a person’s identity and nationality (status of belonging to a nation). It is an official travel document. Let us learn more about passports.
Date of Expiry
Uses
of Passports
• A passport verifies a person’s identity and nationality.
• It enables a person to travel to foreign countries.
Passport Number
Date of Issue
How to Get a Passport in India?
• The Ministry of External Affairs of India is responsible for issuing passports.
• We can apply for passport by filling in a form. We can do this online on the Passport Seva Online Portal. We can also get this form from the District Passport Cell which is a government office.
• After filling in the form, we need to visit the nearest Passport Office and submit all the required documents.
• In India, a passport is valid for a period of 5 years for children below the age of 18. For those above the age of 18, it is valid for a period of 10 years. When our passport expires, we have to apply for a new one.
Sit in groups with your classmates and talk about the different countries you would like to visit.
Photo
Practice Time
1 Name the following.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a The government body that is responsible for issuing passports
b The website on which we can fill in the form for a passport
c The place from where we can get the application form for a passport
d The place where we need to submit the required documents for a passport
2 Tick () the things that a passport can be used for.
a Travelling to foreign countries
b Withdrawing money from the bank
c Buying goods
d As a proof of identity
3 Write True or False.
a An Indian passport is valid for 10 years for children below the age of 18.
b A passport is issued by a bank.
c The passport form can be filled in online on Passport Seva Online Portal.
d A passport is required to travel to a foreign country.
e After our passport expires, we cannot get a new passport.
The World of Pixar
Pixar is an American film studio. It is famous for making computer animation films of a very high quality.
Toy Story is about friendship and love. The film is about toys that come to life and have their own adventures when humans are not around. A few characters from this film are:
Finding Nemo is about the love between parents and children. It shows Marlin, a clownfish, searching for his lost son, Nemo. The names of some of the characters in this film are:
Cars is a funny and exciting story about friendship. It is about cars that talk with each other just as people would. The names of some of the characters are:
Elemental is a story about understanding and respecting each other. The characters in the story are special because they represent the elements of the Earth like fire and water. The names of some of the characters are:
Pixar films teach us about very important things, like the value of friendship and family, and how we should respect each other. We can learn a lot from them.
Woody Buzz Hamm
Nemo Marlin Dory
Ember Gale Wade
MC Queen Mater Sally
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Read the character’s name and write the film’s name.
a Gale
b Sally
c d Buzz
2 Use the hints to solve this crossword.
ACROSS
1. In this film, a clownfish searches for his lost son.
2. In this film, toys come to life and have adventures.
DOWN
1. In this film, the characters represent the elements of the Earth.
2. In this film, cars talk to each other.
Safety Rules
Safety rules warn us about dangers and tell us how to stay safe. That is why it is important to follow them. Let us learn about some basic safety rules that should be followed at home and on the roads.
Safety Rules at Home
Do not play with matchsticks, lighters or lighted candles.
Avoid touching or using any bottle that contains cleaning liquids. The chemicals may be harmful.
Do not take medicines on your own. When in the kitchen, do not touch anything on the stove. It might be hot.
Beware of sharp objects such as scissors and knives. They are meant to be used by adults.
Safety Rules Outdoors
Do not touch switchboards or electrical plugs. They are dangerous.
Do not play in or near the road. Play in a park or on an open ground.
Always use the footpaths for walking. If there are no footpaths, walk on the right side of the road.
Always look both ways before crossing the road. Use a zebra crossing to cross the road.
Always wear a helmet when riding a bike or a scooter.
Always wear your seatbelt in a car.
Follow road signs such as traffic lights, stop signs and parking signs.
It is very important to follow safety rules. It will help you avoid accidents and injuries.
Practice Time
1 Fill in the blanks.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a Safety rules warn us about possible .
b We must follow safety rules to keep ourselves .
c You should always walk on the and not on the roads.
d You must look ways before crossing the road.
e Always use a when crossing a road.
f When on a motorbike, we must wear a .
2 Write True or False.
a It is safe to play with a matchstick.
b You can play freely on roads and streets.
c We should be careful while using sharp objects like knives and scissors.
d We should walk on the footpaths.
e It is safe to take medicines on our own.
3 Write ‘S’ for safe activities and ‘D’ for dangerous activities.
India at the Olympics, 2024
The Olympics are a multi-sport tournament that is held every four years. The 2024 Olympics were held in Paris, France. Let us learn about India’s performance at the 2024 Olympics.
117 athletes represented India at this event in 16 different sports. India won six medals—three in shooting and one each in athletics, hockey and wrestling.
Shooting
Manu Bhaker won a bronze medal in the women’s 10m air pistol event. She became the first Indian woman to win a medal in shooting at the Olympics.
Swapnil Kusale won a bronze medal in the men’s 50m rifle 3 positions event. He became the first Indian to win a medal in this event.
Manu Bhaker and Sarabjot Singh won a bronze medal in the 10m air pistol mixed team event. This was India’s first-ever shooting medal in a team event.
Athletics
Neeraj Chopra won a silver medal in the javelin throw. This was his second medal at the Olympics.
Hockey
The Indian hockey team won a bronze medal. This is the 13th medal won by the Indian hockey team at the Olympics.
Wrestling
Aman Sehrawat won a bronze medal in the men’s 57kg freestyle event. He became the youngest Indian to win an individual Olympic medal.
Athletes and sportspersons stay strong with exercise and a healthy diet.
To be like them, we need to stay active, eat well and stay positive.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the athletes and the events in which they won the medals.
a Aman Sehrawat
b Neeraj Chopra
c Swapnil Kusale
Men’s 50m rifle 3 positions
Men’s 57 kg freestyle
Women’s 10m air pistol
d Manu Bhaker Javelin throw
2 Fill in the blanks.
a The 2024 Olympics were held in .
b athletes represented India in different sports at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
c and won a bronze medal in the 10m air pistol mixed team event.
d The Indian hockey team won a medal at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
e The Indian hockey team has won medals at the Olympics.
3 Name the Indian Athletes.
a She won two medals at the 2024 Olympics.
b He is the first Indian to win a medal in the men’s 50m rifle 3 positions shooting event.
c He became the youngest Indian to win an individual medal at the Olympics.
d They became the first Indians to win a medal in a team shooting event.
e He won a silver medal at the 2024 Olympics.
Places with Extreme Climate
Some places on Earth have a very extreme climate where the weather is either very hot or freezing cold; very wet or very dry. Let us learn about these places on Earth.
The Coldest Place on Earth
Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. Almost the entire continent is covered with ice and snow. Penguins, seals and humpback whales are some of the animals that live here.
The Hottest Place on Earth
The Death Valley, located in California, USA, is the hottest place on Earth. The temperature here rises to more than 56 degrees Celsius. Some animals, such as desert tortoises, bighorn sheep and various insects, are found here.
The Wettest Place on Earth
Mawsynram, located in Meghalaya, India, is the wettest place on Earth. This village experiences an average annual rainfall of over 11,000mm. With a huge amount of rainfall throughout the year, this place has many waterfalls.
The Driest Place on Earth
The Atacama Desert, located in the northern part of Chile, is one of the driest places on Earth. It receives less than 1mm of rainfall each year. Animals like the Andean flamingo and the Atacama toad can be found here.
Use the internet or ask your parents to help you find the hottest and coldest places in India.
Practice Time
1 Name the places.
a The coldest continent in the world.
b The wettest place in the world.
c The hottest place on Earth.
d The driest place on Earth.
2 Name any two animals that live there.
a Antarctica: ;
b The Atacama Desert: ;
c The Death Valley: ;
3 Which place am I?
a Almost the entire continent is covered with ice and snow.
b The wettest place on Earth is located in this state of India.
c The temperature here rises to more than 56 degrees Celsius.
d The driest place on Earth is located in this country.
Diseases and the Ways to Stop Them
Diseases can make people unwell and affect how they function. They are mainly caused by tiny organisms called germs. Germs can enter our bodies in many ways. Here are some common ways that germs spread.
Water-borne diseases are caused when the water we drink becomes dirty. Sometimes, they are also caused by the water we use for other purposes. Example: Typhoid and cholera.
Food-borne diseases are caused by eating food that contains germs. These germs can be found in undercooked food or food that has not been cleaned properly. Examples: Dysentery and diarrhoea.
Air-borne diseases pass from one person to another when a sick person coughs or sneezes without covering their mouth. The germs travel through the air and get into our bodies. Examples: Common cold and the flu.
How to Prevent Diseases
Wash your hands very well with soap and water.
Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.
Drink filtered or boiled water. Carry water in clean water bottles when outside.
Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
Get timely vaccinations to stay healthy and avoid diseases.
When we are unwell, we should take care of our health and the health of others by staying indoors.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box.
dirty Food-borne Germs Air-borne
a are small organisms that cause diseases.
b diseases can pass from one person to another when a sick person coughs or sneezes without covering their mouth.
c Water-borne diseases are caused by drinking water.
d diseases can be caused by eating food that’s not clean or is undercooked.
2 Write any two examples of the following types of diseases.
a Air-borne diseases ,
b Water-borne diseases ,
c Food-borne diseases ,
3 Tick () the ways to prevent the spreading of diseases.
a Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.
b Eat fruits without washing them.
c Avoid close contact with a sick person.
d Wash your hands with soap and water.
e Drink tap water.
f Get timely vaccinations.
Firsts in Indian Films 33
India has a very large film industry. Thousands of films are produced in India every year. Let us learn about some of the firsts in Indian films.
The first Indian film was ‘Raja Harishchandra.’ It was a black and white film. It was directed by Dadasaheb Phalke and released in 1913.
The first Indian coloured film was ‘Kisan Kanya.’ It was released in 1937 and was directed by Moti B. Gidwani.
The first Indian film with sound was ‘Alam Ara.’ It was directed by Ardeshir Irani and was released in 1931.
The first Indian film to be nominated for an Oscar was ‘Mother India.’ It was directed by Mehboob Khan and was released in 1957.
The first Indian 3-D film was ‘My Dear Kuttichathan.’ It was directed by Jijo Punnoose.
Teamwork is important to achieve big goals like making films. Everyone’s effort helps make something special together.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Write the year in which these films were released.
a Raja Harishchandra
b Alam Ara
c Kisan Kanya
d Mother India
2 Match the following films and their directors.
a Alam Ara Jijo Punnoose
b My Dear Kuttichathan Mehboob Khan
c Kisan Kanya Ardeshir Irani
d Raja Harishchandra Moti B. Gidwani
e Mother India Dadasaheb Phalke
3 Name the following.
a First Indian film to be nominated for an Oscar
b First Indian coloured film
c First Indian film
d First Indian film with sound
e First Indian 3-D film
Countries and Their Capitals
The capital of a country is usually the city that has the greatest political, cultural and historical importance. Let us learn about the capitals of some countries.
Country: Bhutan Capital: Thimphu
Thimpu is the political and cultural centre of Bhutan. It houses the most important government institutions. It is also home to the Lingkana Palace, where the King of Bhutan lives.
Country: Nepal Capital: Kathmandu
Kathmandu has historical and cultural importance. It is home to a number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites such as the Durbar Square and the Pashupatinath temple.
Country: Bangladesh Capital: Dhaka
Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh, both in terms of population and area. It has many important landmarks, like the National Parliament House and the historic Lalbagh Fort.
Country: China Capital: Beijing
With a vast area and large population, Beijing is a centre for government institutions and international organisations. Landmarks, such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall of China, attract millions of tourists every year.
Countries with Multiple Capitals
Some countries have more than one capital.
CountryCapitals
Sri Lanka Colombo and Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Netherlands Amsterdam and The Hague
BoliviaLa Paz and Sucre
South Africa is the only nation that has 3 capitals—Pretoria, Bloemfontein and Cape Town.
Countries without a Capital
Nauru is the only country in the world without an official capital. It is also the third smallest country in the world.
Why do you think some countries have more than one capital city?
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Name the capital cities of the following countries.
a Nepal:
b Bhutan:
c China:
d Bangladesh:
2 Match the places and the countries.
a Durbar Square Beijing
b Lalbagh Fort Thimphu
c Forbidden City Dhaka
d Lingkana Palace Kathmandu
3 Write the two capitals of each of the following countries.
a Sri Lanka: and
b Bolivia: and
c Netherlands: and
4 Name the country.
a It is the only country in the world with three capitals.
b It is the only nation without an official capital.
Festivals Around the World
Festivals are special occasions that bring people together to celebrate their traditions, food and families.
Diwali
Diwali is celebrated around October or November each year. It is also known as the Festival of Lights as people light oil lamps called diyas. Families clean and decorate their homes, exchange gifts and enjoy eating sweets.
Christmas
Christmas is celebrated on 25 December. It celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. People decorate Christmas trees with lights and stars. They exchange gifts and spend time with their families.
Eid-ul-Fitr
Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated on the last day of Ramadan, after a month of fasting. People wear new clothes, go to the mosque for special prayers, and meet with family and friends.
The Chinese New Year
The Chinese New Year, is known as the Spring Festival. It falls between 21 January and 20 February. People celebrate with colourful parades, dragon dances and fireworks. Children receive red envelopes with money as a symbol of good luck.
Gurpurab
Gurpurab generally falls in November each year. It is a celebration of the birth of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. People light candles in their homes and in gurudwaras. Langars are served on this day.
Use the internet to find three festivals that are celebrated all over the world.
Practice Time
1 Fill in the blanks.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a Christmas is a festival celebrated on .
b is celebrated every year in October or November.
c Eid-ul-Fitr comes after , a month of fasting.
d The Chinese New Year falls between and .
e The Chinese New Year is celebrated with festivities such as colourful parades, dances and fireworks.
f is a festival to celebrate the birth of Guru Nanak.
2 Answer the following.
a In which month is Gurpurab celebrated?
b What is the another name for the Chinese New Year?
c Where do people go for special prayers during Eid-ul-Fitr?
d What is Diwali also known as?
3 Read about the celebrations. Unjumble the name of the festivals.
a Oil lamps, called diyas, are lit to remove darkness. (IWDAIL)
b People decorate trees with lights and stars. (HSTMICRSA)
c People eat langars. (PRBGUURA)
d This holiday marks the end of a month of fasting. (IED-LU-TRIF)
Profit and Loss
When we buy and sell items, we can make a profit or a loss. Profit is when a shopkeeper gets more money when selling an item. Loss is when a shopkeeper gets less money when selling an item than what they bought it for. Let us learn more about profit and loss.
Cost Price
The price at which someone buys an item is called its cost price. For example: If one buys a book for ₹250, the cost price of the book is ₹250.
Selling Price
The price at which a person sells an item is called the selling price. For example: If one sells a book for ₹350, the selling price of the book is ₹350.
Market Price
The price that is marked on an item is called its market price.
Profit
When someone sells an item for a higher price than its cost price, they make a profit.
For example: If you buy a book for ₹250 and sell it for ₹350, you make a profit of 100 rupees.
Loss
When someone sells an item for a lower price than its cost price, they make a loss.
For example: If you buy a book for ₹250 and sell it for ₹200, you make a loss of ₹50.
Ask your parents how they have made a profit or loss while buying and selling objects in daily life.
Practice Time
1 Write True or False.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a The price at which an item is sold is called the cost price.
b The price marked on an item in a shop is called the market price.
c We make a profit if the selling price is higher than the cost price.
d The price at which an item is bought is called the selling price.
e We make a loss if the cost price and the selling price are the same.
2 Fill in the blanks.
a Gurpreet bought a movie ticket for ₹350. This is the ticket’s price.
b Salina sold a pair of trousers for ₹600. This is the trousers’ price.
c Aanchal sold a table for ₹800. This is the table’s price.
d The tag on a watch in a shop says ₹550. This is the watch’s price.
e Rohit bought some apples for ₹90. This is the apples’ price.
3 Write down whether the items are sold at a profit or a loss.
a Neha bought a chair for ₹600 and sold it for ₹450.
b Aditya bought a hat for ₹150 and sold it for ₹300.
c Mukul bought a toy car for ₹300 and sold it for ₹350.
d Leena bought a box of paints for ₹200 and sold it for ₹75.
Answers
1. Leaders of India in 2024
1. a. Prime Minister of India
b. Education Minister of India
c. President of India
d. Vice-president of India
e. Home Minister of India
2. a. third b. Droupadi Murmu
c. Nitin Jairam Gadkari d. Amit Shah e. lawyer
2. Unique Trees
1. a. Redwood National Park of California
b. Africa and Australia
c. Santa María del Tule, Mexico
2. a. Tree of Tule b. Hyperion
c. Baobab d. Ancient Bristlecone Pines
e. General Sherman Tree
3. Across 1. CALIFORNIA 2. TRUNKS
Down 1. HYPERION 2. TULE
3. The Internet
1. a. S b. W c. S d. W
2. b, c, d, f
3. a. network b. Vinton Cerf, Robert Kahn
c. website d. Search engine e. Web browser
4. National Days and Celebrations
1. a. Gandhi Jayanti b. Republic Day
c. International Day of Yoga d. Republic Day
2. a. VAN MAHOTSAV b. REPUBLIC DAY
c. INDEPENDENCE DAY d. GANDHI JAYANTI
3. a. Army b. 2015 c. New Delhi d. 15 August 1947 e. July
5. Know About Some Countries
1. Across 1. AUSTRALIA 2. CHINA Down 1. FRANCE 2. USA
2. a. USA b. Egypt c. Australia d. France
3. a. French b. English c. Arabic d. English e. Mandarin
6. Cricket
1. a, d, e
2. a. Twenty20 International b. One Day International c. Test match
3. a. 11 b. 6 c. oval d. rectangular e. bat, bowl
7. First-aid Kit
1. a. Band-aid b. Thermometer c. Bandage
2. a. False b. True c. False
d. True e. False
3. a. THERMOMETER b. COTTON
c. BAND-AID d. MEDICINE
8. Disasters of 2024
1. a. 1 January 2024 b. 1 July 2024 c. August 2024
2. a. Shaking of the earth
b. High speed winds and heavy rainfall
c. A mass of earth and rocks that slide down
3. b, c, e, f
9. Animals with Super Senses
1. a. smell, hear b. smell, hear c. smell
d. smell, taste e. eyesight
2. Across 1. SNAKE 2. DOG 3. ELEPHANT
Down 1. EAGLE 2. BEES
10. Social Media
1. a. 2006 b. 2004 c. 2010
2. a. Mark Zuckerberg
b. Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger
c. Elon Musk
3. a, b, d, f, h
11. Waterfalls in India
1. a. Satara, Maharashtra b. Bastar, Chhattisgarh
c. Sohra, Meghalaya d. Karnataka
e. Goa f. Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
2. a. Kunchikal Falls b. Chitrakote Falls
c. Bhambavli Vajrai Waterfalls
d. Dudhsagar Waterfalls e. Dhuandhar Falls
3. a. Varahi River b. Urmodi River
c. Indravati River d. Narmada River
e. Mandovi River
12. Our Role Models
1. a. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM b. NELSON MANDELA
c. MAHATMA GANDHI d. ALBERT EINSTEIN
e. MOTHER TERESA f. KALPANA CHAWLA
2. a. India b. South Africa c. 2nd October
d. 1997 e. Nobel Peace Prize
13. Taste of India
1. a. Dal Bati Churma b. Chole Bhature
c. Dhokla d. Dosa e. Vada Pav
2. a. Chole Bhature b. Dosa
c. Hyderabadi Biryani d. Dhokla e. Vada Pav
14. Know Your Kitchen
1. Frying pan, Pressure cooker
2. Toaster, Microwave
3. a. Cookware b. Appliances
c. Utensils d. Tools
4. a. Refrigerator b. Knife c. Pan d. Oven
15. Money
1. a. b. c. d. e. f.
2. a. False b. False c. True
d. False e. False
3. a. goods, services b. Lending
c. government d. notes, coins
16. Discoveries, 2024
1. a. Mizoram b. Kerala
c. Tamil Nadu d. Meghalaya
2. a. poisonous b. Coral c. scales
d. hind legs e. Dancing girls
3. Flora: Ginger Plant
Fauna: Indian Kangaroo lizard, Coral Snake
17. Oceans and Continents
1. a. Asia b. Australia c. Antarctica d. Africa
2. a. Antarctica b. Arctic c. Vatican City d. Asia e. Pacific f. South America
g. Southern
3. a. North America b. Asia c. Africa
18. Firsts in Space
1. a. Neil Armstrong b. Kalpana Chawla
c. Salyut-1 d. Yuri Gagarin
e. Valentina Tereshkova f. Rakesh Sharma
2. a. Sputnik-2 b. three c. Soviet Union
d. outer space e. Buzz Aldrin
19. Kho Kho
1. a. chasing b. defending c. nine
d. two e. chasers
2. a. False b. True c. True d. False e. True
3. a. Runner b. Post c. Chaser
20. Voices of India
1. b. Arijit Singh
2. b. Arijit Sing Lata Mangeshkar
21. Island Countries
1. a. East Asia b. South Pacific Ocean
2.
3.
22. Eat Healthy, Stay Fit
1. a, d
2. a. peanuts, almonds b. oats, brown rice c. milk, curd
3. a. Green vegetables, Milk b. Pizza, French Fries c. Banana, Carrot
23. Sports Stars, 2024
1. a. Swimming b. Para Archery c. Pole Vault d. Tennis e. Shooting
2. a. INDIA b. SWEDEN c. USA
3. a. Rohan Bopanna b. nine c. Manu Bhaker d. gold e. thrice
24. Composting At Home
1. a. b. c. d. e. f.
2. Green Waste: Vegetable scraps, Fruit scraps, Plant trimmings, Animal manure
Brown Waste: Leaves, Sawdust, Paper, Cardboard Pieces
3. 4,1,2,5,3
25. All About Flights
1. a. 1890s, Otto Lilienthal
b. 17 December 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright
c. 1 January 1914, Tony Jannus
2. a. Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA
b. St. Petersburg c. 12 d. 853 e. 19
3. a. Singapore Airlines b. Loganair
c. Airbus A380-800
26. The Constitution of India
1. a. 26 November 1949 b. 26 January 1950
c. 14 April 1891
2. a. constitution b. Constitution of India
c. Dr BR Ambedkar
d. Constituent Assembly of India e. Hindi, English
3. a. 26 November b. 26 January 1950 c. 14 April
27. Passport
1. a. The Ministry of External Affairs
b. Passport Seva Online Portal
c. District Passport Cell d. Passport Office
2. a, d
3. a. False b. False c. True d. True e. False
28. The World of Pixar
1. a. Elemental b. Cars
c. Finding Nemo d. Toy Story
2. ACROSS: 1. FINDING NEMO 2. TOY STORY DOWN: 1. ELEMENTAL 2. CARS
29. Safety Rules
1. a. dangers b. safe c. footpaths d. both
e. zebra crossing f. helmet
2. a. False b. False c. True d. True e. False
3. a. S b. D c. D d. S e. D f. S
30. India at the Olympics, 2024
1. a. Men’s 57 kg freestyle b. Javelin throw
c. Men’s 50m rifle 3 positions
d. Women’s 10m air pistol
2. a. Paris, France b. 117, 16
c. Manu Bhaker, Sarabjot Singh d. bronze e. 13
3. a. Manu Bhaker
b. Swapnil Kusale
c. Aman Sehrawat
d. Manu Bhaker and Sarabjot Singh
e. Neeraj Chopra
31. Places with Extreme Climate
1. a. Antarctica b. Mawsynram
c. The Death Valley d. The Atacama Desert
2. a. Penguins, seals
b. Andean flamingo, Atacama toad
c. Desert tortoise, bighorn sheep
3. a. ANTARCTICA b. MEGHALAYA
c. DEATH VALLEY d. CHILE
32. Diseases and the Ways to Stop Them
1. a. Germs b. Air-borne
c. dirty d. Food-borne
2. a. common cold, flu b. typhoid, cholera
c. dysentery, diarrhoea
3. a, c, d, f
33. Firsts in Indian Films
1. a. 1913 b. 1931 c. 1937 d. 1957
2. a. Ardeshir Irani b. Jijo Punnoose
c. Moti B. Gidwani d. Dadasaheb Phalke
e. Mehboob Khan
3. a. Mother India b. Kisan Kanya
c. Raja Harishchandra d. Alam Ara
e. My Dear Kuttichathan
34. Countries and Their Capitals
1. a. Kathmandu b. Thimphu
c. Beijing d. Dhaka
2. a. Kathmandu b. Dhaka
c. Beijing d. Thimphu
3. a. Colombo, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
b. La Paz, Sucre c. Amsterdam, The Hague
4. a. South Africa b. Nauru
35. Festivals Around the World
1. a. 25 December b. Diwali
c. Ramadan d. 21 January, 20 February
e. dragon f. Gurpurab
2. a. November b. Spring Festival
c. Mosque d. Festivals of Lights
3. a. DIWALI b. CHRISTMAS
c. GURPURAB d. EID-UL-FITR
36. Profit and Loss
1. a. False b. True c. True d. False e. False
2. a. cost b. selling c. selling
d. market e. cost
3. a. Loss b. Profit c. Profit d. Loss
About the Book
Introducing Aware, a comprehensive and engaging General Knowledge and Current Affairs book designed specifically for learners in grades 1 to 8. It empowers learners with general knowledge, awareness of global developments, functional competencies and the 21st-century skills essential for life today. This book spans nine thoughtfully curated themes.
About Uolo
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ISBN 978-81-980193-0-1
