2 Wisdom
Unlock Learning Across Subjects
Semester 1
Wisdom
2
Semester 1
English Mathematics
Environmental Science
General Knowledge
Acknowledgements
Academic Authors: Melanie Grobler, Chandani Goyal, Neena Aul, Animesh Mittal, Muskan Panjwani, Sneha Sharma, Anuj Gupta
Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish
Book Production: Sanjay Kumar Goel, Tauheed Danish, Amisha Gupta
Project Lead: Chandani Goyal
VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar
All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
© Uolo EdTech Private Limited
First impression 2025
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.
Book Title: Wisdom 2 Semester 1
ISBN: 978-81-980824-1-1
Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited
Corporate Office Address: 85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003
CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986
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All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.
Preface
In this 21st–century world, just “knowing” is not enough. Our dynamic and ever-changing world demands “thinking” skills. Learners need to be able to not just consume knowledge but also acquire higher-order thinking skills in various domains—be it in language, mathematics or general awareness—to apply that knowledge. This is the spirit and the recommendation of the NEP (National Education Policy) 2020.
It is in this context that UOLO has designed WISDOM, a 21st–century product for primary grade learners (grades 1 to 5) that includes all curricular areas—English, Mathematics, Environmental Science and General Knowledge. WISDOM strongly aligns with NEP 2020 in terms of its design principles and fulfils all recommendations of the NCF (National Curriculum Framework) 2022–23.
English: This section not only focuses in listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar and vocabulary, but also hones the ability to interpret, analyse and communicate confidently. The task-based approach and frequent opportunities for collaborative learning provided in this section encourage learners to express ethical views, interact constructively, solve problems creatively, apply their knowledge in new situations, and take responsibility for their own learning.
Mathematics: This section introduces mathematical concepts through real-life situations and storytelling, connecting them to children’s experiences and transitioning smoothly from the abstract to the concrete. Clear explanations and simple steps are provided for problem-solving. This section supports learners at all learning levels. It includes extensive practice aligned to the levels in Bloom’s Taxonomy—from basic practice questions to thought-provoking and higher order thinking questions.
Environmental Science: This section focuses on conceptual understanding, critical thinking, application, and problem-solving skills, making learning about environmental science highly relevant in the context of the 21st century. Each chapter is filled with vibrant illustrations, relatable examples, interactive activities, hands-on experiments and stimulating exercises. All of these not only promote awareness around environmental sustainability and the SDGs, but also make learning about the world around us a joyous experience.
General Knowledge: This section focuses on enabling the learners to be well-informed individuals so as to navigate through the complexities of the modern existence, make informed decisions, think critically and appreciate the world’s diversity. This section is crafted in keeping with the principles of NEP 2020, emphasizing the need to develop in learners the respect towards fundamental duties and constitutional values, generating awareness on one’s roles and responsibilities in a dynamic world, and fostering a sense of national pride and global citizenship. It offers an informative and enjoyable learning experience, incorporating clear explanations, captivating visuals and abundant questions for interactive classroom engagement.
Key NEP Recommendations
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduced by the Government of India, represents a transformative shift in the country’s education system. It aims to create a more holistic, dynamic and multidisciplinary approach to education. NEP 2020 focuses on fostering conceptual understanding, skills, values, and competencies that align with the demands of the 21st–century, while also preserving India’s rich cultural heritage. UOLO is fully committed to actualising the vision of NEP 2020 by meticulously adhering to its outlined recommendations.
1. Focus on conceptual understanding
2. 21st-century skills values, and dispositions
3. Critical thinking and problem-solving
4. Application in real life
5. Holistic and integrated learning
6. Experiential learning
7. Enjoyable and engaging
8. Inquiry- and discovery-based approach
9. Technology-based solutions
10. Knowledge of India
Competency-based Education
NEP Pages 12, 17, and 22
Teaching and Learning Pedagogy
NEP Pages 3, 11, 12, and 27
National Pride
NEP Pages 15, 16, and 43
11. Assessment of core concepts and application skills Assessments
NEP Pages 12, 18, and 22
Our Key Features: Aligning with NEP 2020
Focus on HOTS and Critical Thinking
Intellectually stimulating questions designed to encourage deep, analytical, critical and evaluative thought processes
1 2 3 11
Digital Aids
Talking books with animations, interactive quizzes for additional practice, and curated learning videos to make learning fun and engaging
1 2 3 7 9 11
Experiential and Applicative Learning
Projects and activities are set in real-life context, like lab activities and community projects, to enable the development and practice of life skills 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11
Rootedness to India
Examples from India’s unique culture and history have been linked to each topic to inculcate a sense of pride and love for the nation
5 7 10
Model Assessments
Test papers designed to evaluate the understanding of core concepts and application of skills in learners
1 2 3 11
The NEP Tags
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 outlines essential skills, values, dispositions and learning approaches necessary for learners to thrive in the 21st century. Wisdom incorporates these elements throughout its content, tasks and projects. Referred to as ‘NEP Tags,’ they are defined as follows:
Art Integration & Creativity
Bringing creativity and fun into learning by combining music, drama and art with other subjects
Sports Integration
Using physical activities, sports and games to make learning active and fun
INTEGRATED
Cross-curricular
Cross-curricular linkages to make the learning experience more holistic, joyful and meaningful
Indianness
Texts and tasks are rooted in the Indian context and culture to develop a sense of national pride
Communication & Teamwork
TEAMWORK
Embracing the spirit of mutual collaboration, communication and cooperation while working together or engaging in a guided conversation
SDG
Sustainable Development Goals
Unwavering commitment to generating awareness of a green, peaceful, prosperous, equitable and inclusive world
GAMES
BHARAT
SEL
Socio-Emotional Learning
Developing the skills to understand and manage emotions, build positive relationships and make responsible choices
Experiential Learning
HANDS-ON
Engaging actively in hands-on tasks to acquire knowledge and skills
Higher-Order Thinking
HOTS
Encouraging higher-order skill such as analyzing, evaluating, problem-solving and fostering deep understanding
Green Living
Generating awareness of a green, peaceful and prosperous world
21st-Century Skills
21st SKILLS
Fostering skills and knowledge—such as critical thinking, communication, and digital literacy—that are essential for success in today’s rapidly changing world
Health and Wellness
Promoting practices that support physical, mental, and emotional well-being for a balanced and healthy lifestyle
Value Development
Building a strong character, guiding towards ethical decision making, and developing respect, kindness, and a sense of responsibility
Chapter at a Glance
of our body through the blood. The lungs expand during inhalation.
Take a deep breath in and count to five. Now, breathe out slowly. Did you feel your lungs filling up with air?
A Walkthrough of Key Elements
Exhalation: When we breathe out, our lungs remove carbon dioxide from our body. Removing carbon dioxide is essential for our body to function properly. The lungs contract during exhalation.
Breathe out slowly and feel the air leaving your body. Can you feel it? Our six Did
important because they provide oxygen to our body and remove carbon dioxide. They help in the exchange of gases.
out the names of six body parts from the given word search.
Heart
Warm Up: A short and fun activity to assess the learners’ pre-knowledge and get them excited about the new topic
Inhalation and Exhalation
Inhalation: When we breathe in, our lungs take in air containing oxygen. This oxygen is then transported to the different parts of our body through the blood. The lungs expand during inhalation.
Take a deep breath in and count to five. Now, breathe out slowly. Did you feel your lungs filling up with air?
Exhalation: When we breathe out, our lungs remove carbon dioxide from our body. Removing carbon dioxide is essential for our body to function properly. The lungs contract during exhalation.
Have you ever thought about what would happen if our hearts a bit scary to think about because we need our hearts to stay heart by eating healthy food, exercising and feeling happy helps you think feeling good and taking care of our body helps us
The heart is reddish brown in colour. Its size is the same as that slightly towards the left side of our chest. If you put your hand feel your heart beating.
You Know?
Our body is like a big machine with many parts, each playing its own special role. In this chapter, let’s learn about different parts of our body and how they work.
Breathe out slowly and feel the air leaving your body. Can you feel it?
Internal and External Organs
Elements: Interesting elements like Did You Know, Error Alert, Remember, and Think and Tell to keep the learners hooked
Heart
The heart pumps blood to all body parts. This blood supplies to other body parts. It also collects carbon dioxide and other different body parts.
Organs are different parts of the body that work together to help us stay healthy and perform all the activities we need to do. Organs are mainly classified into external and internal organs.
Have you ever thought about what would happen if our hearts stopped beating? It’s a bit scary to think about because we need our hearts to stay alive. Taking care of our heart by eating healthy food, exercising and feeling happy helps keep it strong. How do you think feeling good and taking care of our body helps us stay healthy?
Vocabulary: Meanings of difficult words
The heart is reddish brown in colour. Its size is the same as that of a fist. The heart is slightly towards the left side of our chest. If you put your hand on your chest, you can feel your heart beating.
Chapter 1 • Parts of Our Body transport: to carry from one place to another (here, oxygen) expand: increase in size contract: decrease in size fist: tightly-closed hand with fingers pointing inwards
The heart pumps blood to all body parts. This blood supplies oxygen and nutrients to other body parts. It also collects carbon dioxide and other waste materials from different body parts.
Check for Understanding: Short exercises between the chapter to pause and assess comprehension
6. Long-answer questions.
A.
Explain the journey of food from farms to our tables. List all the steps and the people involved.
How do protein-rich foods help our bodies? Give two examples of
Visual Prompts: Special questions featuring visual stimuli to foster comprehension, interpretation and critical thinking
7. Picture-based questions. Identify
foods. 7. Picture-based questions. Identify the main nutrient that these foods provide.
HOTS: Intellectually stimulating questions designed for higher order thinking and analysis
21st–century Focus: Simple activities and tips to develop a diverse set of essential skills for living well in the 21st century
Life Skills
You’ve
UEV25CB0401.indd 15
Wonders of Bharat
Do and Learn
Collect pictures of different internal organs like the
and heart. Paste them in your scrapbook. Write about the
In Ayurveda, a traditional Indian system of health, the heart is thought to hold our emotions. Breathing exercises like Pranayama and simple meditation, both from India, are suggested to keep the heart healthy and lower stress. These practices also help with blood circulation and overall well-being. A girl practising
and functions of each organ below the respective images. Make your scrapbook look
Show it to your friends.
Word Splash
With the help of your teacher, find out about the a list of these clubs. Join any one club of your choice.
organs: different parts of the body that work together skull: the part of the head that protects our brain atria: the chambers located at the upper side of the heart
National Pride: Fascinating insights into India’s rich culture and history
Wonders of Bharat In Ayurveda, a traditional Indian system of health, the heart is thought to hold our emotions. Breathing exercises like Pranayama and simple meditation, both from India, are suggested to keep the heart healthy and lower stress. These practices also help with blood circulation and overall
ventricles: the chambers located at the lower side of the heart blood vessels: fine tubes that help in circulation of blood arteries: red-coloured blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to all body parts veins: blue-coloured blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from all body parts
oesophagus: the pipe through which food passes from mouth to stomach
Word Splash
Resident Welfare Association
Explore More!
organs: different parts of the body that work together the part of the head that protects our
Know more about internal organs.
the chambers located at the upper side of the
ventricles: the chambers located at the lower
Technology Integration: Short exploratory videos to find out more about the topic
of the
blood vessels: fine tubes that help in circulation of blood arteries: red-coloured blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to all body parts veins: blue-coloured blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from all body parts
oesophagus: the pipe through which food passes from mouth to stomach
Explore More!
Know more about internal organs.
7 6
Resident Welfare Association (RWA) is a committee building. The members of the RWA are elected by the welfare of the people of their colony or building. as the President of the RWA.
Points to Remember: Summary of the chapter
Points to Remember
Points to Remember
We can see and touch external organs from the outside, but we can’t see or touch internal organs because they’re inside our body.
• The brain helps us think, learn and feel emotions.
• We can see and touch external organs from the outside, but we can’t see or touch internal organs because they’re inside our body.
• The lungs help us breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
• The heart pumps blood to all parts of our body.
• The brain helps us think, learn and feel emotions.
• The stomach helps digest the food we eat.
Functions of RWA
• The lungs help us breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
• The heart pumps blood to all parts of our body.
• The liver cleans our blood and helps us digest fats.
• The stomach helps digest the food we eat.
• The kidneys filter waste from our blood and produce urine.
• The liver cleans our blood and helps us digest fats.
Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy
• The kidneys filter waste from our blood and produce urine.
Chapter Checkup
The RWA performs many functions. Some of them
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct answer.
A. What protects the brain? Skull Heart Liver
1. Tick ( ) the correct answer.
A. What protects the brain? Skull Heart Liver
B. Which organ pumps blood throughout our body? Lungs Heart Kidneys
Making sure that necessities like roads, drainage, working
B. Which organ pumps blood throughout our body? Lungs Heart Kidneys
C. Which organ helps us to breathe? Lungs Stomach Brain
C. Which organ helps us to breathe? Stomach Brain
D. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood to different body parts? Ventricles Arteries Veins
2. Fill in the blanks.
D. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood to different body parts? Arteries Veins
2. Keeping the colony clean and ensuring the 3. Making proper safety arrangements for the 4. Organising events to celebrate festivals
liver atrium ventricles kidneys
A. The upper chambers of the heart are called
2. Fill in the blanks. liver atrium ventricles kidneys
B. The lower chambers of the heart are called
Experiential Learning: Multidisciplinary, holistic, and fun activities / projects to understand the concept better
A. The upper chambers of the heart are called
C. helps us in the digestion of fats.
D. filter our blood to remove waste and extra water.
B. The lower chambers of the heart are called C. helps us in the digestion of fats.
3. Write True or False.
D. filter our blood to remove waste and extra water.
A. Brain and lungs are external organs.
3. Write True or False.
B. The heart has only two chambers.
A. Brain and lungs are external organs.
B. The heart has only two chambers.
NEP Tags: To show alignment with NEP skills and
Functions of RWA
The RWA performs many functions. Some of them are as
2. Keeping the colony clean and ensuring the disposal of garbage properly.
3. Making proper safety arrangements for the residents.
4. Organising events to celebrate festivals together.
5. Spreading awareness about common issues like cleanliness, health, safety, etc.
6. Solving small disputes
7. Protecting the rights of all residents and treating them equally.
committee:
committee: a group of people who have been chosen to do elected: chosen through vote dispute: fight
Grammar Worksheets
Detailed Framework
Complete the paragraph
Listen and circle My hobby
Common names Special names Countable and Uncountable naming words
Relationship words Sound words
Factual questions Visualization Making predictions Making connection double oo sound
1. Self and Family Don’t Wake the Baby Huynh Thi Kim Lien Story
Comparing two things My best friend
Listen and choose
Describing words(colour, shape, size, number)
One or more than one
Words with long E soundleap
Factual questions
Ordering Visualization Making predictions
2. Friendship Goodnight, Tinku Preethi Nambiar Story
Show and tell Complete a thank- you note
Listen and write true or false
Words in the place of naming words Can and cannot
Sound words Apostrophe (‘s)
Words with ch/sh/ph sound –ch in, sh ip, ph one
Factual questions Identifying characters Identifying problems and solutions Making connections
Rhyming words Adding ‘un’ or ‘dis’ to make opposites
Acrostic poem
Acting out action words and framing sentences
Listen and circle
Doing words Using describing words to compare
Word formation- small words from a big word
Words with bl/fl/pl sound –pl ane, fl ag, bl ock
Words related to season
Project 1: A Map of My Heart
3. Kindness The Boy and the Drum Umesh P N Story
Factual questions Identifying character’s actions Making connections Poetry appreciation– completing poem
4. Kindness Kind Kinnu Poem
Factual questions Ordering Making predictions Making connections
Story
5. Nature A Suitable Shell Radha Rangarajan
Factual questions Making predictions
5. Nature The Golden Sun Lenore Hetrick Poem
Project 2: Making a Thank-You Card
Self and Family
1 . Don’t Wake the Baby!
—Huynh Thi Kim Lien
Look at the pictures. Write I for the games you can play INSIDE the house. Write O for the games you must play OUTSIDE. Get Set
Jia and Jai are brother and sister. There is someone new at home. They will have to play quietly now and make less noise. Who is this person? Let us read the story to find out.
Let’s Read
Ma has come back home with a baby. Jia and Jai are not happy! They cannot make a noise when the baby is sleeping. But the baby is ALWAYS sleeping!
Talking Book
They cannot run in the house. They cannot talk at snack-time. They cannot even laugh loudly!
But one day, Jia and Jai read a funny story—a very funny story! They start to laugh. They laugh loudly!
Oh, no! The baby wakes up! The baby begins to cry.
snack-time: time between lunch and dinner when one eats light food begins: starts
Think and Tell
How do Jia and Jai feel when the baby wakes up? How do you feel when you wake someone up from a deep sleep?
Ma is angry! ‘Go and play outside!’ she says.
Think and Tell
Why is Ma angry with Jia and Jai?
So Jia and Jai take their ball and go outside. They throw the ball. They catch the ball. They kick the ball.
CRASH! The ball breaks a window!
Oh, no! The baby wakes up. And then… the baby cries!
Think and Tell
What do you think Jia and Jai will do now?
THE BABY WAILS! The baby wails so loudly that the milk bottle breaks. The pot breaks! Another window breaks!
Jia rocks the baby, but the baby keeps crying. Jai sings to the baby, but the baby cries louder.
Now, Jia and Jai start crying too.
crash: a loud sound of something breaking
wails: cries very loudly
rocks: (here) moves softly from side to side
Think and Tell
Do you think a baby’s crying can break a bottle, a pot and a window?
Ma comes in. She picks up the baby. She cuddles the baby and sings to the baby. Finally, the baby stops crying. Now, Jia and Jai understand. ‘We will be quiet,’ they promise.
cuddles: holds someone close to show love promise: say you will do something
Think and Tell
How does the baby feel when Ma sings to her?
Listen to all the keywords here.
Read and Respond
1. Circle the correct answers.
a Who is new in the house?
i The pet ii The toy iii The baby
b Why should Jia and Jai be quiet?
i Because the baby will wake up and cry.
ii Because Ma is reading a book.
iii Because it is night time.
c What do Jia and Jai do after reading a funny story?
i They go outside.
ii They start to laugh loudly.
iii They make the baby laugh.
d What happens when the baby cries loudly?
i The pot falls on the floor. A milk bottle breaks.
Jia and Jai break the bottle.
Match the people and the actions from the story.
Action
Tells the children to play outside
Laugh loudly at a funny story
Rocks the baby
Cries loudly
3. Answer the questions in one to two sentences.
a What are the things that Jia and Jai cannot do inside the house?
b Why does Ma tell Jia and Jai to play outside?
c Why does the baby cry again?
d What do Jia and Jai do to try and make the baby stop crying?
Think and Answer
1. We see and hear a story in our minds when we read it. Read these lines from the story. Tick () what you see in your mind and what you hear.
So Jia and Jai take their ball and go outside.
They throw the ball. They catch the ball. They kick the ball. CRASH! The ball breaks a window!
I see: I hear:
a Ma laughing. a rumble
b the baby giggling. b crash
c the window breaking. c swoosh
Ma comes in. She picks up the baby.
I see: I hear:
a Jai smiling. a munching
b Ma cuddling the baby. b humming
c Jia crying. c wailing
2. Read the sentences. What will happen next? Colour in the pictures to show what the baby will do next.
Actions
Ma cuddles the baby.
Jia makes funny faces.
Big Idea
What will happen?
The baby will sleep.
The baby will laugh. The baby will cry. The baby will cry.
1. There is a small baby in your house. The baby is crying. Name two things you will do to stop the baby from crying.
2. The baby stops crying and smiles. How will you feel?
Pronounce Well Listen to the words here.
Read the words aloud. soon pool boot hoop moon cool hoot coop noon fool loot loop spoon tool root stoop
Look at each picture. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. Then, read the sentences aloud.
a Jai is wearing new .
b The birdhouse has a .
c Tina is hungry. She wants .
d The children swim in the .
Vocabulary
CRASH! The ball breaks the window. Different things make different sounds.
SMASH: A loud sound of something breaking.
THUD: A sound of heavy footsteps.
CLANG: A sharp, metal ringing sound.
RATTLE: The shaking sound made by loose objects.
1. Match the sentences and the correct sound words.
Hint Box: boots food pool roof
Ma drops a metal pot. SMASH
Jai breaks a flower pot. THUD
Pa walks down the stairs. CLANG
The baby shakes a noisy toy. RATTLE boots
2. Complete the sentences with the correct relationship words.
Hint Box: father brother sister mother grandmother
a She is my . She tells me stories.
grandmother
b She is my younger . She plays cricket with me.
c He is my . He cooks yummy food for me.
d He is my younger . He paints with me.
e She is my . She takes me to the park.
Go Grammar
Naming Words
Naming words are words used for people, places, animals, and things.
For example:
People: Ma, Jai, Jia, baby
Places: home, school, park
Animals: eagle, frog, elephant Things ball, window, pot
1. Sort the naming words into the correct columns.
Hint Box:
Jia home horse milk bottle park kitten baby pot
People Animals Things Places home
Common and Special Naming Words
Common Naming Words
Special Naming Words
These are any person, place, animal or thing. These are specific people, places, animals or things.
For example: baby, man, river For example: Zam, Mr Sharma, Nile River
Common names start with small letters. Special names start with capital letters.
2. Underline the common naming words and circle the special naming words.
a Ron plays with the ball.
b Zam is sleeping in the cot.
c Mt Everest is a very big mountain.
d The Magic Tree is my favourite book.
Did You Know?
Mount Everest is located on the border between two countries: Nepal and China!
Countable and Uncountable Naming Words.
Countable naming words name things that can be counted. For example:
Uncountable naming words name things that cannot be counted. For example:
We do not say three milk, four water or five sands. We say I have some milk or some flour. three bottles four pots five windows milk water sand
3. Dad is in the kitchen. Help him put things in the correct bag.
Listen Well
Listen to the text here.
Listen carefully to the text. Circle the things the family members get at the fair as you hear them.
During the first reading, listen to the text.
During the second reading, circle the things that you hear.
Speak Well
Practise speaking here.
Sit in pairs and talk to your friend about your hobby. Tell them about your hobby in two to three sentences.
Hi! I like singing. I sing songs with my grandmother. What do you like doing?
Hello! I love reading books. I have lots of books at home. My father reads to me every night.
Take turns to talk about your hobbies. Use complete sentences.
Write Well
Look at the picture of a family. Fill in the blanks.
Hint Box: grandpa smile laughs family sofa popcorn
The sits together in the living room. tells a story, and everyone listens to him. The little boy sits on the . He is thinking about something. Mom sits next to him, and she covers her face to hide her . The girl at grandpa’s story. The family is eating together. family
Friendship
2 . Goodnight, Tinku
—Preethi Nambiar
Look at the pictures. Circle the pictures of the animals that are awake at night! Get Set
Tinku could not sleep. He decided to go for a walk. What happened next? Let us read the story to find out.
bat
owl
eagle
horse
sheep
firefly
Let’s Read
Talking Book
It was night. The moon was bright in the sky. All the animals on the farm were asleep… except Tinku!
He turned left. He turned right. He lay on his tummy. He rolled over, but he could not sleep!
So, Tinku went for a walk. He looked up. He looked down. ‘Is anyone else awake?’ he asked.
lay: to lie down
Think and Tell
What kind of animal is Tinku?
In a tree far away, there were some tiny lights.
One tiny light flew down!
‘I am a firefly,’ said the tiny light. ‘I glow in the dark!’
‘Will you be my friend?’ asked Tinku.
‘Yes, I will!’ said the firefly.
Something black flew over Tinku’s head. It hung upside-down from a tree.
‘I am a bat,’ it said. ‘I can fly, but I am not a bird!’
‘Will you be my friend?’ asked Tinku.
‘Yes, I will!’ said the bat.
A few leaves moved in the bushes. Someone was hiding! Tinku was terrified at the noise. Out came a fox.
‘I am a fox,’ said the animal. ‘I have big ears, and I can hear soft sounds from far, far away!’
glow: shine
hung: held onto something so as to not touch the ground terrified: very scared
Fireflies light up to talk to each other. They use their glow to send messages. Did You Know?
Think and Tell
How did Tinku feel when he heard noises coming from behind the bush?
‘Will you be my friend?’ asked Tinku.
‘Yes, I will!’ said the fox.
Two big eyes looked at him from another tree.
‘I am an owl,’ said the bird. ‘I have special wings, so I can fly without making a sound!’
‘Will you be my friend?’ asked Tinku.
‘Yes, I will!’ said the owl.
So the new friends jumped and rolled and played together. But soon, Tinku began to yawn.
‘I am sleepy. I have to go home now,’ said Tinku. ‘Goodnight, friends!’
‘Goodnight, Tinku!’ they said.
yawn: to open your mouth wide to take a deep breath, when sleepy or bored
Did You Know?
At night, when we sleep, some animals stay awake and go out to play and find food. They have special eyes to see in the dark! Fireflies, bats, foxes, owls, cats and flying squirrels are all night animals.
Listen to all the keywords here.
Read
and
Respond
1. Fill in the blanks with words in the box.
Hint Box: firefly walk night bat
a Tinku cannot sleep, so he goes for a .
b The story takes place at .
c Tinku’s new friend that glows in the dark is a .
d Tinku meets a that hangs upside-down from a tree.
2. Write the numbers 1–4 to show the order in which Tinku meets his new friends. walk
Tinku meets a bat hanging upside down. Tinku meets a firefly glowing brightly.
Tinku meets an owl in a tree. Tinku meets a fox behind a bush.
3. Answer the questions in one to two sentences.
a What did Tinku do when he could not sleep?
b Which new friend had big eyes and wings?
c How many new friends did Tinku make that night?
d Why did Tinku leave his new friends at the end of the story?
Think and Answer
1. When we read a story we make a picture in our mind. Read the questions below, imagine and tick () the correct options.
a Where was Tinku when he was trying to sleep?
b What did Tinku see when he looked at the firefly?
c What did Tinku hear when he met the fox?
d How did Tinku feel after making many friends?
2. Tinku and his animal friends will meet again. What game do you think they will play? Why do you think it is a good game for them all to play?
Hint Box: hide-and-seek follow the leader races
I think Tinku should play with his friends. I say so because .
Big Idea
Tinku cannot sleep. Write two ideas that you would give Tinku that will help him sleep. 1. 2. Pronounce Well
Read the words that make long E sounds.
Listen to the words here.
leap heal reach heat heap seal teach seat cheap meal peach eat
Underline the words that make the long E sound.
a A few leaves moved in the bushes.
b There is a seal on the beach.
c They will eat cookies and drink tea.
d The frogs can leap over the pond.
GAMES
Vocabulary
One or More than One
When we want to talk about more than one of something, we add the letter -s or -es at the end of the word.
For example: dog dogs
Words that end in -ch, -s, -sh, -ss, -o, or -x, take -es to form more than one. brush brushes bus buses bench benches glass glasses tomato tomatoes
1. Match the pictures for ONE and the words for MORE THAN ONE.
One More than one potatoes owls trees bushes birds
fox foxes
2. Change the words to more than one. Then, complete the crossword.
Across
1. dress
2. class
3. mango Down
1. doll
2. dish
3. match
Grammar
Describing Words
Describing words tell us more about naming words. We can use them to talk about the colour, shape, size and number of something.
Remember!
Naming words are words used for a person, thing, animal, or place.
Describing words for colours tell us what colour something is.
The bat is black. That is a red fox.
Describing words for shapes tell us the shape of something.
Its eyes are round.
There is a square table.
Describing words for size tell us how big or small something is.
Elephants have big ears.
Look at that tall tree.
Describing words for numbers tell us how many there are.
Two eyes looked at him from a tree.
She has three cats.
1. Underline the describing words in the sentences. Write them in the correct columns.
a A tiny light flew down! b I have a brown dog.
c Look at the round moon. d There are five grasshoppers.
Shape Colour Size Number tiny
2. Complete the sentences with the correct describing words.
Hint Box: five tall
a I saw trees. b My birthday cake is .
c I like to colour in with my crayon.
d The teacher gave me stars.
3. Ron visits a garden. Help him describe what he sees.
Hint Box: seven big red
I see a ladybug sitting on a leaf. I count butterflies fluttering around the flowers. I like to run around in the garden. tall red
Listen Well
Listen to the text here.
Listen carefully to the text. Tick () the correct answers.
a Where did Ruby and Tim live?
i A garden ii A house iii A forest
b Who are the best friends in the story?
i Ruby and ii Ruby and iii Tim and Tim Sam Jack
c What did Ruby find?
i Apples ii Carrots iii Berries
d What did Tim find?
i A flower ii A tree iii A pond
e Why were Ruby and Tim happy?
i They always shared things.
ii They always ran races.
iii They loved the forest.
Speak Well
Practise speaking here.
Look at the pictures and spot the similarities and differences between them. Talk about one similarity and two differences that you see.
For example:
Write Well
Write about your best friend.
In the first picture, the eyes of both the unicorns are open.
My best friend’s name is .
He/She is years old.
He/She is .
His/Her hair is .
Paste a picture of your best friend
His/Her eyes are . We together.
(age) (tall/short) (long/short/black/brown/straight/curly) (big/small/round/oval/brown/black) (two things you do together)
Project 1
A Map of My Heart
Let us make a beautiful map of our heart. We can show the people we love and admire, and the things we like to do.
What you need for this project:
A sheet of white chart paper
Pictures of friends, family and yourself
Colour pencils, crayons, or markers
A pair of safety scissors
A glue stick
Stickers (smiley faces, hearts, stars, etc.)
Steps
Divide Your Heart:
By:
• Draw a big heart in the middle of your chart paper.
• Draw sections in your heart as shown in the image.
• In each section you can write about your favourite friends, hobbies, food, teachers, sports and places. You can write about your family and what you like to do with them.
• Paste or draw pictures of your family and friends.
• Use colour pencils, doodles and stickers to make your heart look colourful.
• Finally, talk about the map of your heart in class. Use the words given below to express your feelings when you talk about it.
You may show your heart in class when you talk about it. You may ask someone in your family to help you.
1 Kindness
3 . The Boy and the Drum
Get Set
Look at these pictures. How will you help these people? Tell your teacher about it.
An old man carrying heavy bags
A girl caught in the rain A crying baby A sad dog
Young Gopi lives in a small village. His biggest wish is to have a drum. Gopi is a kind boy who always helps those in need. Let us read to see how he is blessed.
Let’s Read
Gopi’s mother is going to the market to sell grain. She asks Gopi, ‘What can I get for you?’
‘I want a drum, please Amma,’ replies Gopi.
Amma sells the grain and buys some flour for her house. She has no money left. She feels sad that she cannot get anything for her son.
Talking Book
On the way home, she finds a hollow piece of wood and gives it to Gopi. Gopi thanks her and runs out to play. He sees an old man trying to light his stove. There is smoke all around him, but no fire.
Think and Tell
What will you do if your mother doesn’t buy what you want?
hollow: with an empty space inside
He goes to the old man and says, ‘Here, Grandpa, your wood is wet. Use this dry wood to light the fire.’
The old man is happy and gives Gopi some bread.
Suddenly, Gopi hears the potter’s baby crying loudly. Feeling sad, he offers the baby the bread, and she stops crying. The potter’s wife is grateful and gives Gopi a pot.
Gopi goes to the river to fetch water. There, he sees an upset washerman.
‘What is the matter?’ Gopi asks.
The washerman replies, ‘I broke my pot and I need to wash these clothes.’
Gopi looks at the pot in his hand and, with a gentle smile, gives it to the washerman.
The washerman gives Gopi a smart, green coat. Gopi wears the oversized coat. He walks along, happily swinging the long arms of the coat.
He sees a singer sitting outside his house, looking sad. ‘What happened, sir?’ Gopi asks.
Think and Tell
‘I have to perform at a wedding but I don’t have nice clothes,’ the singer replies.
potter: someone who makes pots grateful: thankful fetch: get smart: good-looking or grand
What do you think Gopi will do?
oversized: big in size
singer: one who plays music well perform: to present a song or a dance in front of people
Gopi looks at his smart, green coat and gives it to the man. The singer gives Gopi a drum. ‘Thank you! You are a kind boy. Take this drum and keep on sharing your kindness with others.’
Gopi’s eyes gleam with joy. He runs home, singing and playing the drum.
gleam: shine brightly
Listen to all the keywords here.
Read and Respond
1. Fill in the blanks.
Hint Box:
a Gopi asks his mother to get him a .
b Gopi gives the old man a piece of dry .
c The baby stops crying when Gopi gives her some .
d The washerman gives Gopi a .
2. Read the clues and complete the crossword with the names of people from the story.
Across
1. He is upset about his broken pot.
2. His baby is crying.
Down
1. She brings Gopi a piece of wood.
2. He has to perform at a wedding.
3. Answer the questions in one to two sentences.
a What does Gopi’s mother sell at the market?
b Who does Gopi meet first? What is the person doing?
c Why is the singer sad?
d Why does Gopi run to his house at the end of the story?
Think and Answer
1. What lesson can we learn from Gopi?
2. The people in the story have problems. Gopi tries to solve their problems. Complete the table by writing the problems or the solutions that the people have in the story.
People Problem Solution
gives him a hollow piece of wood
Mother She could not buy a drum for Gopi. She .
The old man He could not . Gopi gives him his dry wood.
Potter’s baby The baby was hungry. Gopi . Washerman He . Gopi gives him his pot.
Big Idea
Gopi is a kind boy. He helps people who are in need. Think about a time you helped someone.
Who did you help?
What did you do to help?
How did the person feel?
Pronounce Well
Read the words aloud.
shop
sheep fish wash
Listen to the words here.
chair chain lunch teach phone photo elephant graph
Look at pictures and say the words aloud. Circle the correct spelling of the words.
sheep / ship
cheese / chest
fone / phone
Vocabulary
chart / chalk
1. We hear many sounds around us. Underline the sound words in the sentences.
a The bee buzzes as it flies past.
b The clock goes tick-tock on the wall.
c The bird chirped tweet-tweet in the morning.
d The leaves rustled in the wind.
Apostrophe (‘s)
An apostrophe is used to show that something belongs to someone. You add an apostrophe + -s (‘s) to the end of a naming word.
The bread belongs to Gopi. Gopi’s bread.
The pot belongs to the washerman.The washerman’s pot.
The drum belongs to the singer.The singer’s drum.
2. Fill in the blank with a naming word + ’s to show who it belongs to.
a The cat belongs to Sarah. It is cat.
b The toy belongs to Adi. It is toy.
c The book belongs to Ved. It is book.
d The pencil belongs to Meena. It is pencil.
Go Grammar
Words in the Place of Naming Words
Gopi wants a drum. Gopi helps the old man. Gopi wants a drum. He helps the old man.
Mother goes to the market. Mother sells grain.
Mother goes to the market. She sells grain.
The coat is big. The coat is green. The coat is big. It is green.
Gopi and the old man are talking.
Gopi and the old man are happy.
Gopi and the old man are talking. They are happy.
Words that are used in place of naming words that are doing the actions are I, he, she, you, it, we and they.
Words that are used in place of naming words that are receiving the actions are me, him, her, you, them, us and it.
Doing the ActionDoing WordsReceiving the Action
Rohan (He) hugs Vivaan. (him)
I saw Kavya. (her)
Kiran (She) missesRohan and Anuj. (them)
1. Tick () the correct word and fill in the blanks.
a went for a walk.
i He ii Him
b The baby bird followed to the park. i us ii they
c looked sad and tired.
i They ii Me
d gave Rohan a bottle of water.
i I ii me
2. Circle the correct words that can be used in place of the naming words.
a The tree is very tall. (They / It )
b The baby birds are sleeping in the nest. (They / Them)
c Nisha wants to play with Anaya. (her / she)
d Adi takes the cat to the vet. (it / we) He
Can and Cannot
Can tells us about what someone or something is able to do.
For example: Alia can climb a tree.
Cannot tells us about what someone or something is not able to do.
For example:
The baby bird cannot fly high.
3. Write YES if the sentence is correct and NO if the sentence is incorrect.
a A fish can swim.
b The tree can grow without sunlight.
c Rabbits cannot hop.
d A cat cannot bark.
4. Fill in the blanks with can or cannot.
a Rohan fly like a bird.
b Nisha is good at Maths. She help us.
c Anuj is scared of water. He swim.
d Ostriches fly.
Listen Well
Listen to the text here.
Listen carefully to the text and write T for True and F for False.
a Nita found a hurt bird.
b Nita left the bird and walked away.
c The bird had magical powers.
d The bird gave Nita a silver feather.
e The feather brought Nita's family good luck and happiness. Yes cannot
Speak Well
Practise speaking here.
Choose your favourite thing in the classroom. Hold it in your hands. Talk about it in class. Use three to four sentences.
This is my box of colour pencils. It is very pretty. I use these pencils to draw and colour. I always keep the box in my school bag.
Write Well
A thank-you note is a short message or letter to thank someone for their help, kindness or a gift.
In a thank-you note, we write:
1. Who you are thanking
2. Why you are saying thank you
3. Something nice at the end
4. Sign your name
Think about a gift that you got from someone. Write a thank-you note to the person who gave you the gift.
Dear ,
Thank you for . I love it because . You are the best ever! Love, (name of the person)
(name of the gift)
(why you like it) (relationship) (your name)
1 Kindness
4 . Kind Kinnu
Get Set
When we are helpful and nice to others, it is called being kind. Circle the pictures that show kindness.
Kinnu is a kind and helpful young boy. Let us read the poem to get to know him.
The sun shines bright, the day begins, Kinnu is up with happy grins!
He brushes his teeth, he makes his bed, Then helps Papa butter the bread.
He spills the milk, but that’s okay, He laughs, learns and wipes it away.
He teaches Ru to lace his shoe, Hugs Mumma tight, says, ‘I love you!’
‘Hello, uncle! How do you do?’
He greets his friends, both old and new!
He listens to his teachers oh so well, He tidies up when he hears the bell!
Think and Tell
Talking Book
up: (here) awake
grins: a big happy smile spills: (here) messes some milk by mistake
What does Kinnu do after he makes a mistake?
wipes: cleans something by using a piece of cloth
greets: says hello in a friendly way tidies up: cleans up a place to make it neat
Knocks over blocks while having fun, Says, ‘Sorry!’ and builds another one.
Lunchtime comes, he finishes his food, He says, ‘Thank you!’—He is never rude.
He plays with friends, with a smile so wide, Sees a hurt bird, and stays by its side.
Evening is here, the sky turns pink, He feeds his pet, gives it water to drink.
Then off to bed, he says, ‘Goodnight!’ Kinnu’s kindness shines so bright.
Think and Tell
How do you think Kinnu takes care of the bird?
knocks over: makes something fall by mistake feeds: gives someone food to eat
Listen to all the keywords here.
Read and Respond
1. Match the people in the poem and what Kinnu does for them.
People Actions gives water to drink Papa
Ru butters the bread
Pet greets him
Uncle helps tie shoelaces
2. Answer the questions in one to two sentences.
a What does Kinnu do when he spills the milk?
b What does Kinnu do at school?
c How does he show Mumma he loves her?
d Why is Kinnu called ‘kind’?
Big Idea
Kinnu helps his family, friends and animals. Talk to your friend about how you can help these people.
father grandparents teachers friend
Vocabulary
1. Circle the word that rhymes with the word in blue. bright nose place brick light spill still high lamp stamp block pick look tall clock bread cot head pole mat
Adding ‘un’ or ‘dis’ to Make Opposites
Sometimes we can add letters to the beginning of words to make opposites.
un- means ‘not’.
It is unkind to laugh at others. (Here unkind means not kind.)
dis- means ‘not’.
I dislike people who are unkind to animals. (Here dislike means to not like.)
2. Fill in the blanks with opposite of the underlined words.
a The rules of the game are clear to Rohan. They are to Nishita. unclear
b It is fair to share toys with all friends. It is to share toys with only some friends.
c Telling the truth is honest. Telling a lie is .
d Rohan talks about what he likes and .
Poetry Appreciation
Rhyming pairs are two words that end with the same sound.
Complete the poem ‘Kindness’ with rhyming pairs.
Hint Box: hand–land way–day right–bright
There once was a little bear named Lou, With a heart so kind and true.
Lou loved to help in every ,
Spreading kindness every .
When Lou saw a friend who fell, He would ask if they were well.
With a warm hug and a gentle ,
Lou spread joy across the .
Kind words were Lou’s special spell, Making everyone feel well.
Helping others felt so , It made Lou’s heart feel .
Nature
5 . A Suitable Shell
Get Set
A beach is a place near the sea. It has lots of sand! We should keep beaches clean. Draw a line to show things that you should throw into the dustbin.
Let us read a story about Mili, a hermit crab. Most crabs have their own hard shells that protect them, but hermit crabs do not have their own shells. So, they have to look for empty shells left by snails and use them as their homes.
Let us read how Mili finds a shell for herself.
—Radha Rangarajan
Mili woke up and fell straight into the sand.
She looked up. The sun was shining, like it did every day. But today, Mili felt hotter and lighter. She wondered why.
Think and Tell
Talking Book
How did Mili feel when she lost her shell?
Oh, no! Mili had lost her orange shell that fit her so well!
Mili had no time to lose. She had to find a new shell before it became too hot or a bird gobbled her up!
Mili found a black shell and tried to snuggle into it.
‘Go away!’ an angry voice said. ‘I’m in here, and I need to sleep.’
She left the snail alone and moved along the beach. Let’s Read
shell: a hard cover that animals like crabs use as their home
protect: to keep someone safe from something that can hurt them
wondered: thought about something and wanted to know more about it
gobbled up: ate up very fast
snuggle: to fit comfortably into something
Mili saw a blue shell and ran that way. But it was not a shell. It was a plastic cap, with its bottle hidden in the sand.
‘That won’t fit me!’ Mili mumbled.
Think and Tell
What did Mili find?
Mili saw a yellow shell and ran that way. But it was not a shell. A dry lemon lay there, all the juice gone.
‘How can I live inside a lemon?’ Mili moaned.
Mili saw a white shell and ran back. But it was not a shell. It was an egg with the yellow yolk eaten.
‘This shell will just crumble!’ Mili complained.
Mili saw a purple shell and ran ahead. But it was not a shell. The chocolate had been eaten, the cover thrown away.
‘I thought it was a shiny shell.’ Mili said sadly.
mumbled: spoke very softly and not clearly moaned: made a long, low, sad sound yolk: the yellow part inside an egg crumble: to break into small pieces easily complained: said unhappily
Mili saw a pink shell and stopped. But, it was not a shell. A toe moved, followed by a foot. It was the giant leg of a man asleep on the beach!
‘I think I tickled him!’ Mili laughed.
Mili saw a brown shell and ran up to it. But it was not a shell. The groundnuts had been eaten, and the empty shells thrown around.
‘It will fly away with the wind!’ Mili grumbled.
Mili sees a broken bulb, a wafer packet, and an old button.
But they were not shells.
‘Why are there no shells for me on this beach?’ Mili cried.
Mili saw her friend Toya sliding into a new shell.
‘This new shell fits me better!’ Toya said, leaving behind her old one.
Mili tried the old green shell. It fit her just fine. A happy Mili walked away, hugging her new shell hard!
Think and Tell
Where should you put empty food packets and bottles if you are at a beach? Why?
Did You Know?
Plastic and other waste, in rivers and seas, can make fish and other water animals very sick. Water animals accidentally eat the plastic we throw in the water and this harms them.
grumbled: talked about something in a soft, unhappy voice
Hermit crabs like to live in groups, to feel safe and find food together. Did You Know?
Think and Tell
What do you think Mili should use as her new shell?
Listen to all the keywords here.
Read and Respond
1. Write T for True and F for False.
a Mili felt hotter and lighter because she lost her shell. T
b The blue shell Mili found fitted her.
c Mili found a yellow shell that was a dry lemon.
d Mili saw a pink shell of a giant turtle.
2. Answer the questions in one to two sentences.
a Why was Mili looking for a new shell?
b What did Mili find instead of a purple shell?
c Why didn’t Mili use the brown shell?
d What did Toya say when she found a new shell?
Think and Answer
1. Look at the pictures and write what Mili finds. Then, number the pictures, 1–6, to show the order in which she finds them.
pink toe
2. Mili finds a chocolate paper, a plastic cap, and a dried lemon on the beach. What will happen if we throw trash on the beach?
Big Idea
Colour in the pictures that show how we can keep our beaches clean.
Use the recycling bin.
Take our trash home. Throw peels on the beach.
Throw plastic in the sea. Do a beach clean-up. Leave our trash behind.
Pronounce Well
Listen to the words here.
Read the words aloud. flag block plug flip blanket place float blood plane flower black plant
Read the words and write them. Then, colour the matching picture.
Vocabulary
Circle all the words you can make using the letters in the big word.
GRASSHOPPER
Then, match the words and the pictures.
Go Grammar
1. Complete the sentences with the correct doing words in the box.
Hint Box: smiles hugs swim plays
a Mili at Toya every morning.
b Mili her new shell.
c Mili with other animals.
d Mili and her friends in the sea. smiles
Remember!
Doing words tell us what someone or something is doing.
Using Describing Words to Compare
Remember!
Describing words tell us more about naming words. They describe the shape, size, or colour of the naming word.
We can use describing words to compare. Look at how we add -er to the end of a describing word to compare Mili and Toya.
For example:
• Mili is smart. Toya is smarter than Mili.
• Toya is fast. Mili is faster than Toya.
Sometimes we repeat the last letter before adding -er.
For example:
• The beach is big. The sea is bigger than the beach.
• Mili is hot in her new shell. She was even hotter when she had no shell.
2. Match the words that compare Mili’s old shell and her new shell. Her old shell is… Her new shell is… hard lighter long brighter light harder bright longer
3. Fill in the blanks with -er form of words.
b A snake is (shorter/longer) than a worm. faster
a A cheetah is (faster/slower) than an elephant.
c A tortoise is (faster/slower) than a cat.
d An elephant is (taller/shorter) than a cheetah.
Listen Well
Listen to the text here.
Listen carefully to the text. Circle the correct doing words to complete the sentences.
The horse is running walking going
The cow is grazing lying standing
The ducks are quacking floating swimming
The cat is crawling sleeping lying
The dog is licking holding eating
Speak Well
Practise speaking here.
Choose four action words. Make sentences with the words. Now, act out your sentences as you share them with the class.
Actions words:
• jumping
• swimming
• sleeping
• singing
• drawing
I am jumping. I am dancing.
• running
• eating
• dancing
• laughing
• writing
You may also use other action words.
Write Well
Read this poem. Crab on the beach, Red shells shining bright, Always moving sideways, Bubbles on their claws, Searching for food at night.
This is a poem about crabs, and each line starts with a letter from the word ‘CRABS!’
Write a similar poem on NATURE. Start each sentence with the given letter.
6 . The Golden Sun
Tick () the correct pictures.
1. What do flowers do when the sun shines?
Open their petals
Sleep Wake up Get Set
2. What do owls do when the sun shines?
Fly and hunt
3. What do we do when the sun shines?
Sleep Close their petals
It is true that we see the sun every day. But do we need the sun? Let us read the poem to find out!
— Lenore Hetrick
Let’s Read
Great, glorious, golden sun, Shine down on me today, You are the life of all this earth, You and your magic ray. You are the life of bird and plant, All must depend on you.
Shine down, great sun, the whole day long!
Shine from the sky’s blue.
Talking Book
glorious: (here) bright and beautiful depend: (here) to wait for the sun’s help
Did You Know?
Rainbows are formed by the sunlight shining on water droplets after it rains.
Think and Tell
How does the sun make you feel when it shines on you?
And I will welcome your golden rays, For you mean life to me, And you mean happiness and health, Strength and energy. Shine down, great sun, on flower and field, And never say goodbye. Forever and ever give us your light, From the wide blue sky.
Think and Tell
Why do you think the sun is important for plants, animals and people?
forever: always
Listen to all the keywords here.
Read and Respond
1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
Hint Box: Earth sky flowers happiness sun health
a The poem is about the great, glorious, golden .
b Everything on depends on the sun.
c The poet asks the sun to shine from the blue all day long.
d The sun gives us , , and strength.
e The poet wants the sun to shine on the and fields.
2. Answer the questions in one to two sentences.
a What is the colour of the sun in the poem?
b What does the poet ask the sun to do at the start of the poem?
c Why does the poet welcome the sun’s rays?
d Why does the poet think the sun is so important?
Big
Idea
Imagine that the sun does not come out tomorrow!
Write three sentences about how our days would look different. Then, share your sentences with your friend. sun
For example: The owls will not sleep. Everything will be dark.
Vocabulary
1. Look at the pictures for clues. Circle the words in the puzzle that tell us something about a season.
2. We hear different sounds in nature. Match the words and the sounds.
Poetry Appreciation
The poet uses words like ‘great’, ‘golden’ and ‘glorious’ to describe the sun. Look at the picture and write five describing words for the sun.
Remember!
Describing words are words that tell us more about naming words.
Hint Box: You can talk about the shape, colour and size of the sun.
Project 2
Making a Thank-You Card
Let us make a special thank-you card. A thank-you card is a way to show someone you appreciate them.
What you need for this project:
One A4-size sheet of paper
A pencil
Crayons or markers
Glitter/stickers
Step 1: Take your A4 paper and fold it in half to make a card. Now you have a front side and an inside.
Step 2: Decorate the Front:
• Think what you would like to thank Mother Nature for.
• On the front of the card, draw a picture related to nature like trees, flowers, birds or the sun.
• Write “Thank You” in big, bold letters on the front.
• Use colours to make your card look pretty.
Step 3: Write Your Thank-You Note Inside:
• Open the card and write a short thank you note inside.
Example of Thank-You Note Create your own lines!
Mother Nature “Thank you, Mother Nature, for the beautiful trees and flowers. I love playing outside!”
“Thank you, Mother Nature, for and . You make the world .”
Step 4: After you finish, you can show your card in class.
You may decorate the inside of the card with drawings, stickers, or any little details you like. Make it special!
Grammar Worksheet 1
Naming Words
1. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.
Hint Box: mother river garden trees flowers
a Our new house is near a .
b There are many green, tall around our house.
c There is a big with many pretty .
d My enjoys fishing in the river.
2. Circle the common naming words and underline the special naming words Tim is my cat.
a This country is India.
c Lily has three children.
d
b Mr Das is a soldier.
3. Underline the countable naming words and circle the uncountable naming words.
a The family eats sandwiches at the beach.
b The children look happy.
c They are putting some sand in buckets.
d They have five buckets.
e There is a lot of water.
4. Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks.
The family is at a restaurant.
a There are five (chairs/airs).
b I want one (mango/rice) please.
c Please eat some (milk/pudding).
d Look at the two (lamps/water).
e Let us go outside for some (chairs/air).
Grammar Worksheet 2
Describing Words
1. Circle the describing words using crayons. Use the colour code: SHAPE SIZE COLOUR NUMBER
a There are red foxes.
b That leopard is big.
c She saw four eyes in the dark.
d The white cat is mine.
e Ram is holding a square box.
2. Tick () the describing word for each picture.
small three tall
a d b e c
three round square small green tall
three round tall three round rectangular
3. Fill in the blanks with describing words.
a The giraffes are .
b There are squirrels.
c Look at those bamboos.
d The lake is beautiful.
e The pizza is . (colour) (number) (size) (colour) (shape)
Grammar Worksheet 3
Words in the Place of Naming Words
1. Circle the words that replace the naming words.
a Mia is walking. She is going to the park.
b The class is in the bus. We are going to the zoo.
c Rohan has a dog. He likes to play with it.
d I have a new book. Neena gave it to me.
2. Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets.
a Adi and his father give food to the poor. (they)
b Adi and I fed a stray dog and cat. (we)
c The dog plays fetch with Adi. (him)
d The father finds a vet for the dog. (it)
Can and Cannot
3. Look at the table to see what Adi, Pia and Sonu can or cannot do. Then, fill in the blanks with can or cannot. paint swim jump
a Adi jump.
b Pia paint.
c Sonu swim.
d Adi paint but Sonu .
e Pia swim but Adi .
Grammar Worksheet 4
Doing Words
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct doing words in the box.
Hint Box: flow soar stop plant hunt
a People should cutting down trees.
b We should more and more trees.
c People should not animals.
d The birds high in the sky.
e The rivers through many places.
Using Describing Words to Compare
2. Fill in the blanks with the -er form of describing words.
a dense denser
b dark
c sweet
d big
e thick
3. Use the word in brackets to make sentences.
The boy is younger than the man.
4. Complete the sentences by adding -er to the describing words.
a This river is (clean) than that one.
b A plastic bag is (thin) than a cloth bag.
c A crab is (quick) than a snail.
d The bench is nearer (near) than the dustbin. (small) (sharp)
Practice Time-1
Name of the Student:
Class: 2 Section:
Roll Number:
Date:
Section – A (Reading and Vocabulary)
1. Read the story and answer the questions.
A little girl named Priya saw Uncle John with a cane. He was carrying a heavy bag. She was holding a small, colourful kite in her hand. She quickly put the kite down on a nearby bench and ran to him. She said, ‘Let me help you!’
Priya smiled as she carried Uncle John’s bag to his house.
Uncle John thanked Priya and gave her a sweet, ‘You are very kind.’ Priya felt happy, knowing she had made Uncle John’s day better with a simple act of kindness. She returned to take her kite and enjoyed her sweet with a big smile.
a Answer the questions.
i Who did Priya see?
Priya saw .
ii What was Priya holding in her hand?
Priya was holding .
iii What did Priya say to Uncle John?
Priya said to Uncle John .
iv What did Priya do to help Uncle John?
Priya helped Uncle John by .
v How did Priya feel after helping Uncle John?
Priya felt .
b Write True or False.
i Priya didn’t help Uncle John when she saw him carrying the bag.
ii Priya carried Uncle John’s bag to his car.
iii Uncle John thanked Priya for her kindness.
iv Priya felt sad after helping Uncle John.
v Priya helped Uncle John by giving him money.
c Fill in the correct name with ‘s to show who it belongs to.
i The bag belongs to Uncle John. It is bag.
ii The kite belongs to Priya. It is kite.
iii The house belongs to Uncle John. It is house.
iv The sweet belongs to Priya. It is sweet.
v The cane belongs to Uncle John. It is cane.
Section – B (Grammar)
2. Complete the sentences with the words that are used in the place of naming words.
a Priya saw Uncle John, and helped him with his bag. (she/her)
b Uncle John thanked Priya for kindness. (his/her)
c Uncle John said, ‘Thank you, Priya. are very kind!’ (You/Your)
d Priya teaches to be kind. (we/us)
3. Fill in the blanks with two describing words for the naming words.
Hint Box: kind three blue big
Pankaj visits a park where he sees a woman giving a child a gift. He notices children helping to clean the playground by picking up the garbage. They put the plastic waste in the bin. When he looks around, he sees everyone smiling because of the good work.
Section – C (Writing)
4. Write four sentences about your father. a .
5. Complete the poem on ‘Kindness’. Use the rhyming pairs in the box.
Hint Box: shared-cared glad–sad fun–sun need–seed hand–land
There was a little girl named May, Who spread kindness every day. She always had a smile she , And showed her friends how much she . When someone felt a little blue, May knew just what to do. She’d brighten up their day with , And play with them under the .
May’s kindness was like a sunny ray, Making everyone’s troubles go away.
So, when you see a friend in , Remember to plant the kindness .
She’d help her friends when they were , And turn their days from bad to . With her kind words and helping , She makes this world a kinder .
1 Numbers up to 200
Understanding Numbers up to 200
Soham’s father bought 10 boxes of sweets for a festival. There are 10 sweets in each box. He asked Soham to count all the sweets.
In the evening, some more boxes with 10 sweets in each were added. Soham could easily count up to 100. This was more than 100!
Introducing 3-digit Numbers
Let us help Soham count numbers greater than 100.
10 boxes with 10 sweets in each.
Think and Tell
There are 20 boxes with 10 sweets in each. How many tens and hundreds does it have?
Building Numbers
The table shows numbers 101 to 200.
We can also write numbers by counting forward and backwards.
Counting Forward: 113, 114, 115, 116, 117
Counting Backwards: 140, 139, 138, 137, 136
Let us build some of these numbers with place value blocks.
Remember!
2-digit numbers end with 99. 3-digit numbers start from 100.
Place Value and Expanded Form
Let us learn to read the place value of the digits in a 3-digit number.
1 is at the Hundreds place. The place value of 1 is 100.
Proper way of writing number names:
167: one six seven
167: one hundred sixty-seven
3 is at the Ones place. The place value of 3 is 3. 2 is at the Tens place. The place value of 2 is 20.
123 = 1 hundreds + 2 tens + 3 ones = 100 + 20 + 3.
This is known as the expanded form of the number. 123 =
Example 1: Write the place value of the digits in 154. Also, write its expanded form.
1 Fill in the missing numbers. a 111, 112, , , b 155, , , 158, c 189, , 191, , Error Alert!
It Yourself 1A
2 Look at the blocks. Write the numbers shown by the blocks.
a b c
3 Write the numbers for the number names and represent the numbers using blocks. a one hundred forty-three b one hundred sixty-one c one hundred eleven
4 Write down the place value of the red digits in the numbers.
a 132 b 114 c 123 d 156 e 155 f 198
5 The expanded form of the numbers are given. Write the numbers.
a 100 + 30 + 8 b 100 + 00 + 4 c 100 + 90 + 2
6 There are 206 bones in the human body. Write the number as a number name.
Comparing and Ordering Numbers
Let us compare 80 and 100 to find which is greater. 3-digit numbers are always more than 2-digit numbers. So, 100 is greater than 80: 100 > 80. We can also say that 80 is less than 100: 80 < 100.
Remember!
We use the signs '<' and '>' to show less than and more than. The alligator always opens its mouth towards the greater number.
Let us compare more numbers. Which number is greater—183 or 187?
1. Compare the hundreds. Both numbers have 1 hundreds each. Since the hundreds are the same, compare the tens.
2. Compare the tens.
Both numbers have 8 tens each.
Since the tens are the same, compare the ones.
3. Compare the ones. In 183, there are 3 ones. In 187, there are 7 ones.
So, 187 is more than or greater than 183. We can write this as 187 > 183.
Number Window
Look at the number chart. Let us place a number window on the number 155.
1 step left or backwards from 155 is 154.
1 row up from 155 is 145.
Increasing and Decreasing Order
1 step right or forward from 155 is 156.
1 row down from 155 is 165.
In increasing order, we write the numbers starting with the smaller number.
In decreasing order, we write the numbers starting with the greater number.
Example 2: Look at the window placed on 178. Write the correct numbers.
Number that is 1 less than 178: 177
Number that is 1 more than 178: 179
Number that is 10 less than 178: 168
Number that is 10 more than 178: 188
Do It Yourself 1B
Circle the box with the greater number.
a 122 100 b 66 166 c 43 102
2 Which number is greater? Which one is smaller? Are they equal? Use <, > or = signs to show.
a 123 143 b 133 193
3 Which number comes before the given number? a 123 b 134
4 Which number comes after the given number?
a 112 b 100 c 179
5 Arrange these numbers in increasing and decreasing order.
a 123, 114, 109, 154, 134 b 112, 110, 119, 117, 118
c 73, 100, 99, 101, 111 d 100, 187, 119, 111, 99
6 The tiger is the national animal of India. In India, the Nagarhole tiger reserve has 141 tigers, Corbett tiger reserve has 160 tigers, Bandipur tiger reserve has 150 and Dudhwa tiger reserve has 135 tigers. Arrange the tiger reserves in ascending order on the basis of the number of tigers.
More Types of Numbers
Four friends are participating in a sack race. Tina is watching them. She is confused. Who is winning this race?
Ordinal Numbers
Let�s help Tina. We need to mark the position of each friend in the race.
first (1st) second (2nd) third (3rd) fourth (4th)
The numbers first, second, third and fourth tell us the position of each friend. These numbers are known as ordinal numbers.
Example 3: Three students are in a lunch line. Circle the first and the third student.
first (1st) third (3rd)
Did You Know?
The numbers used for counting—1, 2, 3, and so on are called cardinal numbers.
The ordinal numbers up to 10 are: first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th olour the sixth pot. The first pot is marked for you.
a The grapes are in the position.
b The is in the 5th position.
c The apple is in the position.
d The sunflower is in the position.
Read the text. Colour the boxes accordingly. The first box is coloured red.
a Colour the 2nd and the 4th box red.
b Colour the 3rd and the 10th box yellow.
c Colour the 6th and the 8th box green.
d Colour the 7th and the 9th box pink.
Odd and Even Numbers
Today, Tina and her friends are practising for the pair race.
Everyone has a partner. They are even in number. Tina also wants to join, but she does not have a partner. She is the odd one out. Let us learn what odd and even numbers are. 6 is an even number.
Example 4: There are 5 candies. Are they odd or even in number?
One candy is not in a pair. 5 is an odd number. So, these candies are odd in number.
Think and Tell If we add two odd numbers. Do we get an odd number or an even number?
2
Circle the objects in pairs. Write if they are odd or even.
a b Do It Yourself 1D
Circle the box with an even number of objects.
Write True or False.
a Riya has 3 mugs. She has an odd number of mugs.
b Jiya has 8 pens. She has an even number of pens.
c Mohan has 5 apples. He can form 4 pairs.
Draw circles to show an even number. Draw triangles to show an odd number.
What’s My Position?
Collaboration & Experiential Learning
Setting: Group of 10
Things Needed: Slips with the name of each player
What to do?
1 In your group, pick two slips to choose the caller and the player.
2 The other students will stand in a line. The caller will stand first and say, “I am first.”
3 The caller will ask the player, “Who is second in the line?”; “Who is fourth in the line?”; “Who is sixth in the line?” and so on.
4 Each time, the player needs to touch the student in the named position and call out his/her name. The team will check and decide if the player is right.
5 If the player is right, he/she can switch positions with the student in line. And the game will continue with the next player.
Write the number for the given place
Soma, Daman, Rajiv and Suhani were planting saplings. Soma planted 159 saplings, Daman planted 148 saplings, Rajiv planted 198 saplings and Suhani planted 184 saplings. Who planted the maximum number of saplings? Do you also plant seeds?
1 There are 1 hundreds, 7 tens and 9 ones blocks.
a What number do they make?
b If 2 tens blocks are taken away, what is the remaining number?
2 A building has five floors. Rohan lives on the 5th floor. Juhi lives on the floor above Riya. Riya lives on the 2nd floor. On which floor does Juhi live?
Rohan lives in the 1st (purple) house on the street. His friend Raman lives in the 5th house.
1 What is the colour of Raman’s house?
a Blue b Orange c Green d Purple
2 What is the position of the yellow house?
a 2nd b 4th c 5th d 7th
3 Choose the correct option. Fill in the blank.
a The 3rd house is . (blue/orange).
b The only green house is on the street. (7th/9th)
4 Write True or False.
a The orange houses are in the 3rd and 6th position on the street.
b The purple house, other than Raman’s house, is 4th on the street.
5 How will you help an elderly person find their home if they are lost?
2 Addition of 2-digit Numbers
Adding 2−digit Numbers
Seema: Hi Meena, I have 15 coloured pencils in my colour box.
Meena: I have 13 crayons in my colour box.
Seema: Let us find out how many things we have in total.
Addition without Regrouping
Let us help Meena and Seema count the things. Show the things using place value blocks. 1 tens 5 ones
Now, let us add 15 and 13 using the place value blocks.
15 coloured pencils with Seema 13 crayons with Meena 2 8
Add the ones. 5 ones and 3 ones = 8 ones Add the tens. 1 tens and 1 tens = 2 tens
2 tens 8 ones = 28 +
Vertical Method
We can add numbers by writing them one below the other. Adding 23 and 32. Add the ones.
Remember!
When we add numbers, the result is always known as the sum of the numbers. Example: 12 +12 = 24 The sum of 12 and 12 is 24.
The sum of 34 and 25 is 59.
Horizontal Method
Let us add 2 numbers by writing them side by side. Add 24 and 35. Add the tens.
Write the answer. 23 + 32 = 55
Step 1: Add the ones. 24 + 35
Step 2: Add the tens.
+ 35
So, 24 + 35 = 59.
Example 2: Add 42 and 32 by writing the numbers side by side.
+ 32 = 74
Mental Addition
Sometimes we need to add numbers quickly. Let us learn how to add 47 and 22 mentally. We know 22 has 2 tens and 2 ones, so we can write it as: 47 + 22 = 47 + 20 + 2 = 67 + 2 (jump by 2 tens or 20) = 69 (then add 2 ones)
Remember!
Example 3: Add mentally: 53 and 34. We can write it as, 53 + 34 = 53 + 30 + 4 = 83 + 4 = 87
When we add 0 to any number, the sum is the same as the number itself. Example: 12 + 0 = 12.
What needs to be added to 20 to get 39? Draw.
Add mentally and circle the sums with the correct answer.
Addition with Regrouping Seema has 15 coloured pencils.
1 tens 5 ones = +
15 coloured pencils
Her friend gave her 5 more.
5 coloured pencils 5 ones
How many coloured pencils does Seema have now?
Let us add and find out.
Step 1
Draw the place value blocks.
5 Tens Ones Here, we get 5 + 5 = 10 ones. 10 ones make 1 tens. So, we change the 10 ones to 1 tens.
Step 2
We first add the ones. Tens Ones
Step 3
Move the 1 tens to the tens place.
Step 4 Now add the tens.
There are 0 ones. So we write 0 in the ones place. We get 2 tens and 0 ones. 2 tens = 20 The sum of 15 and 5 is 20.
So, 15 + 5 = 20.
Addition with Regrouping to 10
Let us understand how to add two 2-digit numbers by regrouping.
Adding 25 and 15
Step 1: Add the ones.
5 ones + 5 ones = 10 ones 10 ones = 1 tens + 0 ones
Step 2: Write 0 in the ones place. Move 1 tens to the tens place.
Step 3: Add the tens. 2 tens + 1 tens + 1 carry over tens = 4 tens. Write 4 in the tens place.
So, the sum of 25 and 15 is 40.
Regrouping When the Sum is More Than 10
Here, we are going to look at sums where we always get more than 10 by adding the digits in the ones place.
Let us add 15 and 26.
Step 1: Add the ones. 5 ones + 6 ones = 11 ones 10 ones = 1 tens + 1 ones
Step 2: Write 1 in the ones place. Move 1 tens to the tens place.
So, the sum of 15 and 26 is 41.
Step 3: Add the tens. 1 tens + 2 tens + 1 carry over tens = 4 tens. Write 4 in the tens place.
In regrouping we always shift the 10 ones from the ones place to the tens place as 1 tens.
a 25 + 45 =
b 23 + 19 =
c 35 + 15 =
d 34 + 27 =
Draw the tables and add the numbers by writing them one below the other.
a 21 + 9 b 59 + 19 c 25 + 15
d 21 + 19 e 58 + 17 f 35 + 48
Adding More Than 2 Numbers
Let us now learn how to add three numbers: 8, 4 and 6.
Step 1
Write the numbers one below the other.
Step 2
Add any two numbers first.
Step 3
Then, add the third number to the sum of the first two numbers.
Let us now find the sum of 8, 4 and 6 using the number line.
1. Start from the first number, 8. Jump forward by 4, to reach 12.
2. Start from 12 and jump forward by the third number, 6. We will reach 18.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 16 18 19 20 8 + 4 12 + 6
So, 8 + 4 + 6 = 18.
Let us add 12, 15 and 25 using the vertical method.
Did You Know?
Shakuntala Devi was an Indian Mathematician, and known as a human computer, because she could do long calculations quickly in her head.
Step 1
Write the numbers one below the other.
Step 2
Add the ones. Regroup if the sum is equal to or more than 10.
We get 12 in the ones place. 12 = 1 tens and 2 ones We write only 2 in the ones place. 1 tens is moved to the tens place.
Think and Tell
Step 3
Add the tens.
So, 12 + 15 + 25 = 52.
Example 4: Find the sum.
What comes in the ones place if we add 34 and 16?
Remember!
The answer can be checked by changing the order of the numbers and adding them again. 15 + 12 + 12 = 39; 12 + 12 + 15 = 39; 12 + 15 + 12 = 39
In all the cases the sum is equal to 39.
Do It Yourself 2C
Add the numbers using the number line. Draw jumps to show addition.
Fill in the blanks.
Chapter • 2 Addition of 2-digit Numbers
Story Sums
We can use the CUBES method to solve story sums. In the CUBES method, we follow the 5 given steps .
C Circle the Numbers U Underline the Question B Box the Key Words E Evaluate/Draw S Solve and Check!
Circle the numbers
Rina and Geeta went to buy apples. Rina bought 18 apples. Geeta bought 15 apples. How many apples did they buy in total?
Box the keywords
Underline the question
Apples Rina bought = 18
Apples Geeta bought = 15
Total number of apples = 18 + 15
Solve and check!
Rina and Geeta have 33 apples in total.
C: Circle the numbers.
U: Underline the question.
B: Box the key words.
E: Evaluate/draw.
S: Solve and check!
Riya bought 24 candies, and her friend Aryan gave her 37 more candies. How many candies does Riya have now?
Arun makes murukkus (a deep-fried snack). He makes 42 murukkus, and his friend makes 26 murukkus. How many murukkus do they make in total?
In a garden, there are 48 red roses, 32 yellow roses and 17 white roses. How many roses are there in the garden?
A balloon seller has 56 red balloons, 21 blue balloons and 12 green balloons. How many balloons are there in total?
Lab Race to 100!
Setting: In groups of 4
Things Needed:
Collaboration & Communication
• Printed copies of number grid 1–100 (1 per group)
• Small tokens, coins or stones (1 per player)
• Deck of number cards of 1–10 (1 deck per group)
Let’s play:
1 Each group gets a game board, game markers and a deck of cards.
2 Players take turns to draw two cards from the deck.
3 Add the two numbers together to find the sum.
4 Move your token forward by that many spaces on the game board.
5 If you get the sum wrong, stay in your current position.
6 The first player to reach 100 wins!
Chapter Checkup
1 Using a number line, add the given numbers. a 8 + 2 b 7 + 5 + 2
2 Add the numbers by drawing place value blocks. a 13 + 21 b 18 + 2
3 Solve using the vertical method.
7 + 3 + 2
18 + 0 + 27
4 Add the numbers horizontally. a 26 + 13 b 48 + 22
57 + 38
5 Find the correct answer. a 23 + 42 b 32 + 45 c 62 + 14
6 Meals are served on banana leaves, mostly in the South Indian states. Rohan brought 23 banana leaves, and Soham brought 46 leaves. What is the total number of leaves?
7 A fruit vendor has 28 apples, 41 oranges and 29 bananas. How many fruits does the vendor have in total?
8 Mohan likes to share things with his brother. Mohan bought 15 comic books, 12 colouring books and 10 notepads and shared them with his brother. How many books did he buy in total? Do you also share things with others?
What number will you get if you add the smallest 2-digit number to a dozen?
The sum of three odd 2-digit numbers is an even number. Write true or false. Explain your answer with an example. 2
Bird Feeders
Bird feeders are containers placed outside to give food and water for birds. Raha and her friends make bird feeders with coconut shells to be kept at various locations in their society. On Day 1, Raha collected 8 shells and her friends collected 31 shells. On Day 2, they got 5 more shells. Read the questions and answer them.
1 Draw place value blocks to show the total number of shells collected by Raha’s friends on Day 1?
2 How many bird feeders did Raha and her friends make on Day 1?
8
39
5
29
3 What is the total number of bird feeders that they made?
4 Name 2 reusable waste materials that can be used to make bird feeders.
3 Subtraction of 2-digit Numbers
Subtracting 2-digit Numbers
Sara loves to read books.
Sara is reading a book on planets.
There are 56 pages in the book.
Sara has finished reading 12 pages. How many pages are left?
Subtraction without Regrouping
Let us help Sara find out how many pages are left. Here we see the pages are decreasing in number. So, we have to subtract.
Vertical Method
Let us subtract 12 pages from 56 pages.
1 page = 1 ones = 10 pages = 1 tens =
Write down the numbers 56 and 12 according to their place value.
Write the bigger number on top and the smaller number below during subtraction.
We are left with 4 ones in the ones place.
Start with the ones place. We have 6 ones in the ones place. We take away 2 ones.
Subtract the tens place. We have 5 tens in the tens place. We take away 1 tens.
We are left with 4 tens in the tens place.
Example 1: 1 Subtract 10 from 30. 2 Subtract 5 from 17.
Mental Subtraction
Sometimes we need to subtract numbers quickly. Let us learn how to subtract 12 from 56.
Mark 56 on a number strip. We know 12 = 10 + 2. Move backwards by 10 steps directly, and then go 2 steps back to reach 44.
Count backwards by 2 ones
Jump backwards by 1 tens
Therefore, 44 pages are left for Sara to read. We can use this strategy to solve it mentally.
Let us subtract: 44 – 23.
1. Keep the bigger number 44 in mind.
2. Count backwards by 2 tens as 34, 24 to reach 24.
3 • Subtraction of 2-digit Numbers
3. Count backwards by 3 ones as 23, 22, 21 to reach 21.
4. So, 44 – 23 = 21.
Count backwards by 3 ones Jump backwards by 2 tens
Example 2: Find 78 – 34.
Go back by 3 tens from 78 to reach 48.
Then move back by 4 ones to reach 44.
So, 78 – 34 = 44.
Did You Know?
Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division were first devised by the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta.
Do It Yourself 3A Solve mentally.
Draw jumps on the number grid to solve. Integration
– 12
Draw the place value blocks to show the subtraction. Write the answer.
Subtraction with Regrouping
Sara had 44 pages left to read. She read 3 more pages. She had 44 – 3 = 41 pages left.
The next day, Sara read 13 pages. How many pages are left now?
Subtracting by Regrouping 1s
We have to subtract 13 from 41.
Write the numbers according to the place value. Show the bigger number using blocks.
Subtract the ones place. We cannot take away 3 from 1.
We shift 1 tens from the tens place to the ones place as 10 ones.
We are not left with 3 tens..
1 tens = 10 ones We get 11 ones in the ones place. Take away 3 ones from 11 ones.
We get 8 ones in the ones place. Take away 1 tens from 3 tens.
get 2 tens in the tens place.
41 – 13 = 28. So, 28 pages are left.
Example 3: Subtract 8 from 20.
So, 20 – 8 = 12.
Example 4: Solve 71 – 28.
Finding the Missing Number
Sara was solving a puzzle in her book. She had to find the missing number. We can find the missing numbers in subtraction by using addition.
Let us now learn how to find the missing numbers in a subtraction problem.
Smaller
10 is the answer.
Steps
Check the ones place.
Check the tens place.
Explanation
We add the digit of the smaller number and the answer in the ones place to find the missing digit of the bigger number. 4 + 0 = 4
We subtract the digit of the answer in the tens place from the digit of the bigger number in the tens place.
2 – 1 = 1
Checking Subtraction Using Addition
If we subtract 8 from 19 we will get 11.
When we add the answer of subtraction to the smaller number, we get the bigger number as the answer.
Checking the answer using addition:
Bigger number Smaller number Answer
Addition and Subtraction Facts
Let us understand how addition and subtraction are related.
There are 8 apples and 5 mangoes.
So, using 3 different numbers 8, 5 and 13 we can write the addition and subtraction facts as given below:
Example 5: Write down the subtraction and addition facts of 9, 8 and 17. There are 9 fish and 8 turtles:
The addition and subtraction facts are:
+ 8 = 17
+ 9 = 17
Example 6: Find the missing number.
Check the ones place. Then check the tens place.
Do It Yourself 3B
Look at the blocks. Cross out the blocks to show the subtraction. Write the answer.
Write down the addition and subtraction facts for the following numbers.
9, 6 and 15 There are 9 shells and 6 stones.
b Write down the addition and subtraction facts for 3, 8 and 11. Draw the place value blocks and subtract with regrouping.
Draw things to show the addition and subtraction facts of 13.
Story Sums
C Circle the Numbers
nderline the Question
Solve and Check!
Satish has 18 storybooks. He gives 10 storybooks to Manish. How many books does Satish have left? Circle the numbers Underline the question Box
We can use the CUBES method to solve story sums. In the CUBES method, we follow the 5 given steps.
ox the Key Words E Evaluate/Draw
C: Circle the numbers.
U: Underline the question.
B: Box the key words.
E: Evaluate/draw.
S: Solve and check!
Number of storybooks Satish has = 18
Number of storybooks Satish gives to Manish = 10
Number of storybooks left with Satish = 18 – 10
Solve and Check!
Satish has 8 storybooks left. To check, we add 10 to 8 to get 18. So, our answer is correct.
Remember!
When we add the small number and the answer, we get the big number. Then our answer is correct.
Jiya had 51 flowers. Raju had 31 flowers. How many more flowers than Raju does Jiya have?
Mohan has 45 fruits with him. Minal has 21 fruits with her. How many fewer fruits than Mohan does Minal have?
A thatched house has a roof that is made from straws or reeds. In an Indian village there are 27 houses. Out of these 15 houses are thatched and the remaining are concrete. How many houses are concrete?
Create a word problem to subtract 11 from 28.
Setting: In pairs
• One child from each pair will use any four numbers, such as 5, 3, 6 or 8 to make an addition pyramid.
Addition pyramid; Start from the bottom and add the 2 numbers next to each other and write the answer on top.
Subtraction Pyramid: Start from the top and subtract the one number given below. Write the answer next to it.
• The pair which makes the correct pyramid will win.
Solve mentally and match with the correct answers.
Solve the subtraction.
Solve the subtraction and check the answer.
Write down the addition and subtraction facts for the following numbers. a 9, 8 and 17 b 4, 3 and 7 c 5, 9 and 14
Plants need me! Who am I?
Ghungaroos are anklets that are worn by classical dancers in India. There are 46 bells in Sunita's ghungaroos, and 35 bells in Sarika's ghungaroos. Who has more bells in ghungaroos and how many more?
A 7-year-old child has 22 teeth, whereas an adult usually has 32 teeth. How many more teeth does an adult have than a child?
Meena buys a pencil for �8. She gives the shopkeeper a �50 note. How many notes of �20 and coins of �2 are returned to her?
Challenge
1
2
Robin takes away 13 from 54 and then again takes away 10. How many ones are there in the answer?
I am a 2-digit number. I am 10 more than the number that is 40 less than 80. What number am I?
Real-Life Maths
Father's Birthday
Jay is planning a small party for his father�s birthday. He bought some decorations and snacks. He had �99. The cost of ribbons is �43. Snacks are for �50.
1 How much money did he spend?
2 How much money is left with him after buying ribbons?
3 How much money is left with him after buying both the things?
4 Can Jay buy wrapping paper of �13 with the money left?
5 Do you celebrate birthdays of your family members? If yes, write 5 lines on it.
4 Multiplication
Understanding Multiplication
Raghu bought 5 bunches of balloons. Each bunch has 3 balloons in it. How many balloons are there altogether?
3 balloons 3 balloons 3 balloons 3 balloons 3 balloons
Using Repeated Addition
To find out how many balloons Raghu had in all, we will add 3 balloons 5 times.
When we add the same number over and over again, it is called repeated addition.
5 bunches of 3 balloons
Group 1
3 balloons + 3 balloons + 3 balloons + 3 balloons + 3 balloons = 15 balloons
Raghu bought 15 balloons in total.
Example 1: There are 3 plates with 2 biscuits on each. How many biscuits are there in total?
There are 6 biscuits in all.
Do It Yourself 4A
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 How many leaves are there in total?
There are leaves in total.
2 How many cookies are there in all?
There are cookies in all.
3 Fill in the blanks.
4 A cow has 4 legs. How many legs do 2 cows have? Draw a picture to show repeated addition.
Making Equal Groups
Do you remember Raghu, who had 5 bunches of balloons? We can also say he has 5 groups of 3 balloons each. Let us help him find the total number of balloons.
Think and Tell
Group 1 Group 2
Group 3 Group 4
Group 5
3 balloons 3 balloons 3 balloons 3 balloons 3 balloons groups of balloons = balloons
Example 2: There are 3 groups of mangoes. Each group has 2 mangoes. How many mangoes are there in total?
Adding 2 mangoes 3 times
Group 1 2 mangoes
Group 2 2 mangoes
Group 3 2 mangoes groups of mangoes = mangoes 3 2 6
Will it be easy to find the total if there are unequal groups of things? 5 3 15 Circle the following in groups of 3. Write the total.
There are bicycles. Each bicycle has wheels. There are wheels in all.
b There are baskets. Each basket has fruits. There are fruits in all.
Draw pictures to show the given groups and repeated addition sentence.
There are 3 groups. 8 + 8 + 8 = 24 grapes
Match the following. One has been done for you.
b 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3
c 5 + 5 + 5
groups of 5
groups of 7 d 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
Writing Multiplication Sentences
Hi, Riya. I got 5 bunches of 3 balloons yesterday.
groups of 3
Yes. How did you calculate so fast? Wow! You got 15 balloons? I used multiplication. Raghu Riya
Multiplication is a fast way of adding repeatedly. We use the ‘×’ sign for multiplication.
Here are the 5 bunches of balloons which Raghu bought.
5 groups of 3 balloons + + + +
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Group 4 Group 5
5 groups of balloons × 3 balloons in each group = 15 balloons
This can also be written as:
3 3 3 3 3 + + + + = 15 5 × = 3 15
Number of groups
Number of things in each group
This can be read as any one of the following:
5 groups of 3 are 15.
5 times 3 is 15.
Number of things in total
5 threes are 15.
Example 3: There are 3 ladybugs. Each ladybug has 4 spots on it. How many spots are there in total?
Did You Know?
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
5 groups of 4
5 × 4 = 20
There are 20 spots in total.
Error Alert!
Never put a different number of things in groups during multiplication.
Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician was the first to talk about multiplication.
Think and Tell
If there are 6 groups and each group has 5 stars, how many stars are there in total?
Do It Yourself 4C
Read the problem to fill in the blanks.
a There are 7 vases. Each vase has 3 roses. How many roses are there in total?
groups of = times × =
There are roses in total.
b There are 4 cakes. Each cake has 4 candles on it. How many candles are there in total?
groups of = times + + + _______
There are candles in total.
Match the following. 2
a 2 times 4
b 5 times 2
c 4 times 2
d 3 times 3
Math Lab
Flower Jewellery!
Creativity & Value Development
Setting: Group of 10
Things Needed: Paper flowers, string
Method:
1 Make 2 earrings using paper flowers, with 6 flowers in each. Make 5 armlets, with 8 flowers in each. Make 2 necklaces with 10 flowers in each.
2 Write a multiplication sentence for each piece of paper jewellery given above.
3 After writing the multiplication sentence, show the jewellery set to your teacher and discuss the answers.
4 You may also gift this beautiful jewellery set to a family member.
Chapter Checkup
Find the number of things in total.
+ + + = There are mangoes in all.
b + = There are books in all.
Identify the number of groups and things in each group in the pictures.
a groups of pieces of chalk in each group.
b groups of marbles in each group.
Count the groups. Count the number of things in each group. Circle the correct option.
a a 6 groups of 3
b 2 groups of 3
c 3 groups of 6 b a 2 groups of 4
b 3 groups of 2
c 4 groups of 2
Complete the table.
Write True or False.
a 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 × 2
b 4 groups of 10 is 14
c 7 times 5 is 35
d 10 + 10 = 10 × 2
Tuk-tuk is another name for autorickshaws, which are common vehicles in India. A tuk-tuk has 3 wheels. How many wheels will 4 tuk-tuks have?
Kabaddi is a popular traditional sport in India. Each team has 7 players. How many players are playing in two teams?
Critical Thinking
1 Sana adds 6 to itself 6 times and gets 35. Rohan makes 6 groups of 6 and gets 36. Who is correct? Explain your answer.
2 On Diwali, we light lamps in the house. Rina placed 3 lamps near every pillar in the house. Shina placed 2 lamps near every corner. There are 5 pillars and 6 corners in the house. Who placed more lamps?
Environment Day
It�s World Environment Day! Jiya and her family are planting trees in the nearby park. Look at the picture to answer the questions.
1 Jiya plants 2 saplings of the neem tree in each row. If there are 5 rows, which of the following does not represent the number of saplings planted by Jiya?
a 5 × 2
c 5 groups of 2
b 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
d 10
2 Rahul has planted 2 rows of mango tree saplings. If each row has 4 saplings each, how many saplings did he plant?
a 4 + 4
c 14
3 Fill in the blanks.
b 4 × 3
d 20
a 4 saplings each in 2 rows = groups of
b 10 saplings each in 3 rows = groups of
4 Write 2 things that you want to do on World Environment Day.
5 Multiplication Tables 2, 5 and 10
Multiplication Tables
Meena and Tina go to an apple farm. The farmer puts apples in baskets. The farmer tells them that all baskets have an equal number of apples. Let us help them count the total number of apples.
Multiplication by 2
We learnt that repeated addition is called multiplication. When items are grouped and each group has the same number of items, multiplication can be used to find the total number of items.
For example, if the farmer has 2 baskets, with 1 apple each, we get:
Number of groups
Total number of items
sign of multiplication Number of items in each group
Each basket is a group, and the number of apples is the number of items in each group.
What if each group had 2 apples?
We would get 2 × 2 = 4.
This way of multiplying by 2 gives us the “Multiplication Table of 2”.
Let us read the multiplication table of 2 together: 2 × 1 = 2 2 ones are 2 2 × 2 = 4 2 twos are 4
2 × 3 = 6 2 threes are 6
2 × 4 = 8 2 fours are 8
2 × 5 = 10 2 fives are 10
2 × 6 = 12 2 sixes are 12
2 × 7 = 14 2 sevens are 14
2 × 8 = 16 2 eights are 16
2 × 9 = 18 2 nines are 18
2 × 10 = 20 2 tens are 20
Let us learn multiplication by counting steps.
Imagine you are playing a game where the steps are numbered. The rule is to jump two steps at a time.
Start at step 0. Each jump that you make is of 2 steps. So, you reach 2 on the first jump, then on the second jump you reach 4, on the third you reach 6 and so on. 2
This process of counting in 2s is multiplication by 2.
Chapter 5 • Multiplication Tables 2, 5 and 10
Example 1: How many groups of 2 cars are there?
Group 1
Group 2
There are 3 groups of 2 cars.
Do It Yourself 5A
Fill in the blanks.
Write the multiplication fact for the given pictures
Anju loves spending time with her grandparents. She is helping her grandmother serve idlis to the guests. She is counting idlis with the help of the number line. Fill in the blanks.
Draw a picture representing 2 groups with 5 apples in each group. What is the total number of apples in the picture?
Multiplication by 5
The next day, Tina went to the apple farm alone. She collected 5 apples. Can you help her count the number of apples? Here, we have 5 groups of 1 apple each.
5 × 1 = 5 apples
What if Tina had 5 baskets of 2 apples? She would have 5 × 2 = 10 apples. This is called multiplication by 5.
Let us learn how to read the multiplication table of 5.
5 × 1 = 5 5 ones are 5
5 × 2 = 10 5 twos are 10 5 × 3 = 15 5 threes are 15
5 × 4 = 20 5 fours are 20 5 × 5 = 25 5 fives are 25 5 × 6 = 30 5 sixes are 30
5 × 7 = 35 5 sevens are 35
5 × 8 = 40 5 eights are 40 5 × 9 = 45 5 nines are 45 5 × 10 = 50 5 tens are 50
Let us play the game of steps again. Now, the rule is that you jump five steps.
Start at step 0. Each jump that you make is of 5 steps. So, you reach 5 on the first jump, then on the second jump you reach 10, on the third you reach 15 and so on.
Example 2: Tom, the rabbit wants to reach the hole. How many times will he jump to reach the hole?
Tom will jump 6 times to reach the hole.
2
Do It Yourself 5B
Number of fingers 5
Write the multiplication fact.
Write the number of fingers for the given hands. Number of hands
Hole
Ahana is playing a game of skip counting with her friend. She jumps in steps of 5. Draw her jumps.
Draw a picture to show 5 groups with 6 grapes in each group. Write down the total number of grapes in the picture.
Multiplication by 10
Tina saw that the farmer had 10 small baskets. There was 1 apple in each basket.
Here, we have 10 baskets of 1 apple.
10 × 1 = 10 apples.
What if the farmer had 10 baskets with 2 apples in each?
He would have 10 × 2 = 20 apples.
This is called multiplication by 10.
Let us read the multiplication table of 10.
Remember!
A number, when multiplied by 10 always has a “0” at the end.
Let us play the game of steps once again. Now, the rule is that you jump ten steps.
You start at 0. Each jump that you make is of 10 steps. So, you reach 10 on the first jump, then on the second jump you reach 20, on the third you reach 30, and so on.
Example 3: There are 10 pencil boxes with 3 pencils in each pencil box. How many groups of pencils are there? Also, what is the total number of pencils.
10 groups of 6 crayons equal 60.
10 × 6 = 60
Write the multiplication fact.
jumps of 10 each means ×
Draw any object to show 10 groups of 3.
Rohan goes to kirtans with his grandparents. He plays the jhika (an Indian musical instrument) with jingles. If one jhika has 10 jingles, how many jingles will 10 jhikas have?
Multiplication Rules
Meena and Tina went to the farm one evening. They collected apples. Let us use multiplication to count them.
Multiplication by 1
They have 2 baskets, with 1 apple in each, so we get:
2 × 1 = 2
When a number is multiplied by 1, the answer is the number itself.
Each basket is a group, and the number of apples is the number of items in each group.
Multiplication by Zero
Meena and Tina also saw two empty baskets on the farm. It had no apples in it.
There are 2 groups of 0 apples.
2 × 0 = 0
When you multiply 0 by any number, the answer is always 0.
Doubles
Add the number twice or multiply by 2 to get the double of any number. Double means two times of a number.
What is the double of 5?
5 + 5 = 10 2 × 5 = 10
Order in Multiplication
Two numbers can be multiplied in any order. The product remains the same. 5 groups of 4 is the same as 4 groups of 5. Both will give the same answer.
5 × 4 = 4 × 5 = 20
Example 4: Fill in the blanks.
3 × 1 = 3
4 × 0 = 4 c 3 × 4 = 4 × 3 = 12
Double of 8 = 16
Triple means adding the number three times.
LED lamps save electricity. There are 10 lamp posts on a road. Each lamp post has 1 LED lamp. Total number of lamps = .
Diya wants to buy a chocolate for her house helper�s daughter. She saves 2 rupees every day for 10 days. How much money does Diya save in total?
Story Sums on Multiplication
Tina sees a big basket that can hold 8 apples. The farmer tells Tina that he has 10 such baskets. How many apples can 10 baskets hold?
What do we know?
The number of baskets the farmer has = 10.
The number of apples each basket can hold = 8.
What do we want to know?
How many apples can 10 baskets hold?
How do we find the answer?
The total number of apples that 10 baskets can hold = The number of baskets × The number of apples that each basket holds
Solve to find the answer.
10 × 8 = 80 apples
So, 10 baskets can hold 80 apples.
A bookstore has 10 shelves, and each shelf can hold 6 books. How many books are there in the bookstore?
Mishti Doi is a sweet from West Bengal. It is a yoghurt made from milk and jaggery. If Manan has 9 boxes of Mishti Doi, and each box contains 10 packets of Mishti Doi. How many Mishti Doi packets are there in all?
There are 6 oranges in a fruit basket. If there are 10 such fruit baskets, how many oranges are there in total?
Tom made 4 batches of cupcakes, and each batch had 10 cupcakes. How many cupcakes did Tom make in total?
2 × 10.
Setting: In groups of 4
Multiplication Bingo
Things Needed: Bingo cards on a 5 × 5 grid, with ‘BINGO’ written across the top and answers written to the caller�s problems in the remaining squares with some filler answers, caller list showing a list of multiplication problems, pencils.
Method:
1 A caller reads a multiplication problem aloud from the caller list.
2 Other students will solve the problem and cut the answer from the bingo cards.
3 Students who solve the problem and cut the whole line of their bingo card either horizontally, vertically or diagonally are the winners.
Chapter Checkup
Write True or False.
Show multiplication on a number line.
Fill in the blanks with the correct number. Each blank has the same number.
Fill in the boxes.
a Double of 8
b 5 times 8
c 10 times 1
0 times 8
Complete the multiplication grid. One has been done for you.
Say the multiplication table of 2 and colour each number in it red. Say the multiplication table of 5 and colour each number in it green.
Dosa is a thin, crispy pancake made with urad dal and rice batter. If 7 dosas can be cooked on a single tawa, then how many can be cooked on 10 such tawas?
Rahul and his 4 friends are going on a trip. Below is the list of items he has decided to take on the trip. Calculate the total number of items he will be taking with him.
Critical Thinking
Solve the maze from left to right and from top to bottom to help the astronaut reach a space station.
I have made a tower of blocks. My tower is of 5 floors. Each floor has 4 blocks. I think I have used 20 blocks in all to make the tower. Am I right or wrong?
Birthday Celebration
Raina and Reyansh are twins. They plan to celebrate their birthday with kids in an orphanage. They made a goody bag to be shared with all. They included 2 lollipops, 1 book, 5 cookies, 1 toy and 4 pencils. There were 10 kids in the orphanage. Read the questions and answer them.
1 What things are included in the goody bag? Tick all the correct options.
a toffees
b lollipops
c pencils
d toy
2 How many lollipops do they need in total?
3 How many toys do they need in total?
4 If 5 × 10 = 50 then what is 10 × 5?
5 Have you ever celebrated your birthday differently? Share your ideas.
Numbers up to 999 6
Understanding Numbers up to 999
Pooja and Rohit went to buy candies with their father.
Pooja: Father, let us buy candies for my birthday.
Father: Okay, 200 candies for your school friends and 25 candies for your park friends.
Pooja: Wow! 225 candies!
Rohit: How did you count that? Please teach me to count beyond 200.
Writing Numbers up to 999
Let us help Rohit count numbers more than 200.
We know how to count and write numbers from 0 to 100.
We can write numbers more than 200 the same way as we write numbers from 1 to 100.
Counting Forward and Backwards
Read the numbers on the grid again. Read them this way:
Counting FORWARD
Counting BACKWARDS
Hundreds, Tens and Ones
We know that a 3-digit number has hundreds, tens and ones. We can show a 3-digit number using place value blocks.
We also know that 10 ones = 1 tens, and 10 tens = 1 hundreds.
Let us now see how the 225 candies are shown using place value blocks.
So, 225 candies are shown as 2 hundreds blocks, 2 tens blocks and 5 ones blocks.
Think and Tell
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest building in the world. It has 163 floors. Write the number as a number name.
Write the number that has:
a 4 hundreds, 6 tens and 5 ones
c 6 hundreds and 3 ones
b 7 hundreds, 7 tens and 7ones
d 5 hundreds and 5 ones
Show the given numbers using place value blocks. Use for hundreds, for tens and for ones.
Place Value and Expanded Form
We saw that Rohit and Pooja�s father bought 225 candies.
Now, let us write the number using a place value and an expanded form.
Place Value and Face Value
Place value is the value of a digit based on its position in a number. Each digit has a place value, such as ones, tens, hundreds and so on. The face value of a digit is the value of the digit itself.
For example, in 225, there are 2 hundreds, 2 tens and 5 ones. We can write 225 as:
Did You Know?
Aryabhata, an Indian mathematician worked on the place value system.
So, the place value of the hundreds place is 200. The place value of the digit at tens place is 20. The place value of the digit at ones place is 5.
Remember!
The place value of 0 is always 0 no matter what its position in the number is.
Example 2: Write the place value and face value of the coloured digits.
234 4 ones; 4 953 9 hundreds; 9 806 0; 0 662 6 tens; 6
Expanded Form and Number Names
Let us understand the expanded form of numbers up to 999.
Expanded form refers to writing a number as the sum of its place values. We can write the number name of a given number using its expanded form.
Expanded form of 983:
Standard Form – 983
Expanded Form – 900 + 80 + 3
Number Name – nine hundred eighty-three
Do It Yourself 6B
Write the place value of all the digits in the given numbers. Then, write the numbers in their expanded form.
398
170
Write the number. Write its number name.
Tick () the numbers in which the place value of:
Some temples in India have steps. The Rameshwaram temple has 127 steps. Write the number name and expanded form for the given number.
Comparing and Forming Numbers
Pankaj and Ria like to play with marbles.
Pankaj had 120 marbles and Ria had 69 marbles.
Pankaj: I have more marbles than you.
Ria: No, I think I have more.
Comparing Numbers
Who has more marbles?
Ria has 69 marbles.
Pankaj has 120 marbles.
It is a 2-digit number.
Remember!
It is a 3-digit number.
A number that has more digits is always greater!
So, Pankaj has more marbles than Ria as 120 > 69 (120 is more than 69).
A 3-digit number is always more than a 2-digit number.
Compare 547 and 328
Both are 3-digit numbers. We first compare the digits in the hundreds place of both the numbers.
5 is greater than 3
So, 547 > 328 (547 is greater than 328).
Now, when the number of digits is the same and the digits in the hundreds place are also the same, then, we compare the digits in the tens place to see which is greater or smaller.
For example, compare 437 and 453.
Chapter 6 • Numbers up to 999
Same digit in the hundreds place.
4 is equal to 4, 4 = 4
Since the digits in the hundreds place are the same, we compare the digits in the tens place.
3 is less than 5. So, 437 < 453.
Now, when the number of digits is the same and the digits in the hundreds and tens places are also the same, then, we compare the digits in the ones place to see which is greater or smaller.
For example, compare 847 and 849.
Same digits in the hundreds and tens places. Compare the digits in the ones place.
When both the numbers are equal, we use the equal to sign � = � . 344 = 344
7 is less than 9. So, 847 < 849.
Remember!
Compare the digits in the tens and ones places ONLY if the digits in the hundreds place of the two numbers are the same!
Example 3: Compare 689 and 681.
Same digits in the hundreds and tens places. Compare the digits in the ones place.
9 is greater than 1. So, 689 > 681.
Ordering Numbers
We learnt how to compare two numbers. Let us now compare more than 2 numbers.
Let us compare 34, 871 and 679.
We know that 2-digit numbers are always smaller than 3-digit numbers. So, 34 is less than both 871 and 679. Now, let us compare 871 and 679.
8 is greater than 6
So, 871 is greater than 679, or we can also say 679 is less than 871. Numbers, when written from the smallest to the largest, are arranged in increasing or ascending order.
The three numbers in this order would be: 34, 679, 871 or 34 < 679 < 871. Numbers, when written from the largest to the smallest, are arranged in decreasing or descending order.
The three numbers in this order would be: 871, 679, 34 or 871 > 679 > 34.
Forming Numbers
We can form numbers by arranging the digits in ascending or descending order. To form the greatest number, arrange the given digits in descending order. To form the smallest number, arrange the given digits in ascending order. We can form 3-digit numbers by arranging any 3 given digits.
Let us form numbers using the digits 2, 8 and 4.
Digits
Digits arranged in ascending order
Example 4: Form the greatest and smallest number using 3, 9 and 5.
Greatest number: Arrange the given digits in descending order to get 953.
Smallest number: Arrange the given digits in ascending order to get 359.
Circle the bigger number.
Colour the box with the greatest number red and the smallest number yellow in each of the following groups.
Arrange the numbers in increasing and decreasing order. 3
Form the greatest and the smallest 3-digit number using 2, 5 and 7.
Houses are built using bricks. Bricks are used to make walls along with cement. Toni built a wall using 790 bricks. His neighbour, Ramu, also built a wall but he used 689 bricks. Who used more bricks?
Setting: In groups
Things Needed: 1 abacus, 1 pencil
Method:
1 Students are to understand how to show numbers on an abacus. Then, each group should think of two 3-digit numbers.
2 The groups take turns to show one number at a time on the abacus to the other groups, who then write the number and its number name in their notebooks.
Numbers on the Abacus!
Math Lab
3 The group that writes the number and number name correctly, gets a point.
4 The next group then shows their 3-digit number on the abacus and the game continues.
Chapter Checkup
Write the missing numbers.
5 The group that gets the maximum points, wins the game. Write the number.
Write the place value of each digit in the given numbers. Write the numbers in their expanded form. Draw place value blocks for each. Use for hundreds, for tens and for ones. a 567 b 202 c 986 2 Art Integration
Compare the numbers using the symbols <, > or =.
Write the numbers in decreasing order.
a 559, 678, 345 b 109, 289, 678 c 345, 696, 873
a 540, 330, 257 b 678, 447, 567 c 600, 120, 499
A colony has many different houses arranged in rows on different streets. The houses in a row are usually numbered. There are four houses on a street with numbers in the order 223, 224, 225 and 226. What will be the number of the next house? 7 Cross Curricular
Choose the numbers from the balloons and fill in the boxes.
Form the greatest and smallest 3-digit number using the digits 6, 1 and 4.
Critical Thinking & Art Integration
Colour the boxes by following these instructions.
Colour the box green if the digit in the ones place is greater than 5.
Colour the box yellow if the digit in the tens place is greater than 5.
Colour the box pink if the digit in the hundreds place is greater than 5.
Metro Ride
A metro train is a train that runs just in a city and connects one area to another. Jenny is visiting her cousin�s house during summer break in Delhi. She sees the Metro train for the first time. She sees the pillars and tries to read the number on each pillar. Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1 How many metro pillars are shown in the picture?
2 If the metro is moving towards the right, the pillar numbers are (increasing/decreasing)
3 Write the number name of the smallest pillar number shown in the picture.
4 Use the digits of the greatest pillar number in the picture to form the smallest number.
7 Addition and Subtraction of 3-digit Numbers
Operations on 3-digit Numbers
Rakesh is a fruit seller.
He bought 115 mangoes on Monday.
He bought 123 apples on Tuesday.
To find the total number of fruits, we need to add the number of fruits bought on Monday and Tuesday.
Addition of 3-digit Numbers
Addition without Regrouping
How many fruits are there with Rakesh? There are 115 mangoes and 123 apples.
We know that
Let us add the 2 numbers using place value blocks. = 1 hundreds (H), = 1 tens (T) and = 1 ones (O).
Thus, the sum of 115 and 123 is 238.
Now let us see if we get the same answer by adding vertically.
Step 1
Step 2
Write the numbers vertically. Add the digits in the ones place. 5 + 3 = 8 ones
Step 3
Add the digits in the tens place. 1 + 2 = 3 tens
Step 4
Add the digits in the hundreds place. 1 + 1 = 2 hundreds
We get 2 hundreds, 3 tens and 8 ones.
115 + 123 = 238 fruits
Example 1: Add 143 and 206 by using the place value blocks and writing the numbers vertically.
Use for 1 hundreds (H), for 1 tens (T) and for 1 ones (O).
Place Value Blocks
Addition with Regrouping
The total number of fruits Rakesh has is 238.
Now, Rakesh has bought 177 bananas.
Let us see how many fruits are there now.
Let us add the 2 numbers using place value blocks.
Chapter 7 • Addition and Subtraction of 3-digit Numbers
Remember!
When we add, the number of things becomes greater.
1 hundreds
Now let us see if we get the same answer by adding vertically.
2
Add the ones.
8 ones + 7 ones = 15 ones
10 ones = 1 tens
Write 5 and move 1 tens to the tens place.
Add the tens.
3 tens + 7 tens + 1 tens = 11 tens
10 tens = 1 hundreds
Write 1 and move 1 hundreds to the hundreds place.
3
Add the hundreds.
2 hundreds + 1 hundreds + 1 hundreds = 4 hundreds
Write 4 in the hundreds place.
So, we see that we get the same answer on adding 238 and 177 using place value blocks and vertical addition.
Example 2: Add 289 and 32.
Error Alert!
Write the numbers according to their place value.
Add 256 and 34.
Do It Yourself 7A
Add the 3-digit numbers without regrouping.
Add the 3-digit numbers without regrouping. 2 a 347 + 2
664 + 35
Draw the place value blocks to add.
783 + 214
Use for 1 hundreds (H), for 1 tens (T) and for 1 ones (O).
123 + 543
801 + 111
Add the given 3-digit numbers vertically.
707 + 128
349 + 521
209 + 340
527 + 412
Subtraction of 3-digit Numbers
Raghu had 475 fruits on Wednesday. He sold 322 fruits. How many fruits are left with him now?
453 + 212
656 + 322
549 + 144
• Addition and Subtraction of 3-digit Numbers
To find the number of fruits left, we need to subtract 322 from 475.
Subtraction Using Place Value Blocks
Let us see how we can subtract 2 numbers using place value blocks.
Step 1
Show the bigger number using place value blocks.
475
Step 2
Remember!
Subtraction means taking something away from a group. We take away the smaller number from the bigger number. The number of things becomes less in subtraction.
Cross out or take away as many blocks as in the smaller number.
475 – 322
Step 3
Count the number of hundreds, tens and ones left. That will give us the answer.
475 – 322 = 153
Vertical Subtraction
Let us see how we can subtract 2 numbers by writing them vertically.
Step 1
Write the numbers vertically as per their place values.
Subtract the ones. 5 ones – 2 ones = 3 ones Write 3 in the ones place.
Step 2
Subtract the tens.
7 tens – 2 tens = 5 tens Write 5 in the tens place.
Step 3
Subtract the hundreds. 4 hundreds – 3 hundreds = 1 hundreds
Write 1 in the hundreds place.
Here, we can see that we get the same answer on subtracting 322 from 475 using place value blocks and vertical subtraction.
There are 153 fruits left with Raghu.
We subtract the smaller number from the bigger number. Write the smaller number under the bigger number.
Remember!
When we subtract the same number from itself, we get 0. 9 – 9 = 0
Example 3: Subtract 23 from 138 by writing the numbers vertically and using the place value blocks and vertical subtraction.
1
(H),
place value block and subtract. Use for 1 hundreds (H), for 1 tens (T) and for 1 ones (O).
Subtract the numbers vertically.
Solving Word Problems on Addition and Subtraction
Shreya and her friends went to a library.
Teacher: Could you please help me arrange the books?
Shreya: Yes, ma’am.
There were 135 books on the table. The teacher gave 125 more books. Shreya and her friends arranged 100 books. How many books are left to be arranged?
Identifying the Right Operation
First, there were 135 books. Then, 125 more books were added. So, Shreya needs to add 135 and 125 to find the total number of books.
Remember!
When we have to find the total number, or how many in all, we add.
There are 260 books in all. Shreya and her friends arranged 100 books. So how many are remaining?
We have to subtract 100 from 260.
Remember!
When we have to find how many are left or remaining, we subtract.
So, we get 160 when we subtract 100 from 260. Thus, 160 books are left to arrange.
Example 3: Situation Add or Subtract?
There were 235 apples in a basket. 125 apples were sold. How many apples are left?
Subtraction
We have to find out how many are left. So, we subtract.
Word Problems on Addition and Subtraction
The Food Corporation of India stores wheat in bags in large godowns. Wheat is stored to protect it from insects. 350 bags were sold to the shopkeepers directly. 573 bags were transported to other places. What is the total number of wheat bags?
What do we know?
Wheat bags sold to shopkeepers = 350
Wheat bags transported to other places = 573
What do we find?
Total number of wheat bags. How do we find?
The keyword ‘total’ tells us that we need to add. 350 + 573
Solve to find the answer.
So, the total number of wheat bags is 923.
2
4
Do It Yourself 7C
Identify the correct operation and solve.
a There are 456 books on a table. The teacher keeps 198 more books on the table. How many books are there on the table?
b There were 568 toys in a toy store. 232 were sold. How many toys are left?
A farm is a place where animals are kept. Read the table, find the correct operation and solve the problems.
a What is the total number of sheep and goats on the farm?
b How many more dogs are there than sheep?
Pappad is a thin wafer or flat bread. It is made up of dried lentils. A shopkeeper had 583 packets of pappad. He sold 272 packets. How many packets are left with the shopkeeper?
Tigers are kept safely in the tiger reserves. Corbett has 260 tigers, and Kanha has 105 tigers. How many tigers are there in total at the Corbett and Kanha Tiger reserves?
Setting: In groups of 4
Collaboration & Experiential Learning
Materials Required: Number chits, pencil, operation chits, place value blocks
Method:
Make chits for numbers 0 to 9. Make 2 operation chits by writing the addition ‘+’ and subtraction ‘ –’ symbols on them.
Math Lab
Player 1 will pick 3 chits and form a 3-digit number.
Player 2 will again pick 3 chits and form a 3-digit number.
Player 3 will choose the operation chit: addition or subtraction.
Player 4 will solve it using place value blocks.
Repeat the cycle until everyone gets their turn to solve.
Chapter Checkup
Draw place value blocks to solve.
Fill in the blanks. 456 + 456 = 9 hundreds + tens + 2 ones 763 + 234 = hundreds + 9 tens + 7 ones 435 + 546 = 9 hundreds + 8 tens + ones
a Rahul bought 345 books and arranged 115 books on the shelf. How many books are left to be arranged on the shelf?
b Mona had 123 marbles. Her friend Tina had 167 marbles. How many marbles are there in all?
A book fair is a place where many different types of books are sold. There are 568 English books and 345 Hindi books in a book fair. Which books are fewer, and by how much?
6 Cross Curricular Phool jhadu is made up of broom grass. The flower of this plant is used for cleaning. Heera makes 145 jhadus in one month and 206 jhadus in another month. How many jhadus did she make it in all?
7 Cross Curricular Rohit baked a batch of 340 biscuits for an event. He baked 105 more biscuits for the same event. He sold 130 biscuits at the event. How many biscuits does he have now?
8 Given below are place value blocks to show a number.
a What is the number shown by the place value blocks?
b What will the new number be, if Anaisha adds 145 to this number?
Challenge
1
2
Column 1
Critical Thinking & Creativity
A milkman delivers milk to different houses. Solve the riddles in Column 2 and match them to the correct house numbers in Column 1. Add or subtract to find the answers.
Column 2
a Mr Parikh�s house no. is 299. My number is 100 more than 216.
b Mr Ahmad�s house no. is 300. My number is 25 less than 267.
c Ms Shah�s house no. is 316. My number is the number before 300.
d Mrs Paul�s house no. is 242. My number is 10 less than 310.
Create a word problem on subtracting 456 from 124 and solve it.
Real-Life Maths
Cross Curricular & Value Development
Soap Making
Ria makes organic soap using plants, olive oil, coconut oil and water. Ria and her friends plan to put a stall in the school fair and then donate money earned for books for orphanages. They make 237 bars of soap and sell 168. Later, they made 134 more bars.
1 How many bars of soap did they make first?
a 237 b 134
c 168 d 234
2 How many soap bars were left after selling the bars the first time?
3 What is the total number of soap bars they have in the end?
4 Have you ever helped anyone in need? How?
Model Test Paper - 1
Name of the Student: Time: 1 Hour
1 Colour the boxes with odd numbers in blue and those with even numbers in red. One has been done for you. 11 4 3 8 12 5
2 Look at the children. Fill in the blanks. First Rohan Sumit Rahul Aarav Sara
A is standing fourth in the line. B Aarav is standing in the line.
3 Count the tens and ones. Add to find the answer. Tens Ones +
4 There are 3 jars with 9 oranges in each jar. Fill in the blanks. 9 + 9 + 9 = 3 groups of = × =
5 Multiply and solve the puzzle.
6 Write the number for the given expanded form.
A 100 + 20 + 6
B 100 + 7
7 Form the greatest 3-digit number using any 3 digits from 5, 6, 2, 0, 9.
8 Draw beads to show 4 × 6.
9 Read the rate list given below. Answer the questions.
A What is the total cost of the kitchen set and the teddy bear?
B How much more does the toy car cost than the ball?
Answers
Chapter 1
Do It Yourself 1A
1. a. 113, 114, 115 b. 156, 157, 159 c. 190, 192, 193
2. a. 111 b. 133 c. 150
3. a. 143 b. 161 c. 111
4. a. 30 b. 4 c. 100 d. 6 e. 50 f. 100
5. a. 138 b. 104 c. 192 6. two hundred six
Do It Yourself 1B
1. a. 122 b. 166. c. 102
2. a. 123 < 143 b. 133 < 193 c. 129 = 129
3. a. 122 b. 133 c. 198 4. a. 113 b. 101 c. 180
5. a. 109, 114, 123, 134, 154 b. 110, 112, 117, 118, 119 154, 134, 123, 114, 109 119, 118, 117, 112, 110 c. 73, 99, 100, 101, 111 d. 99, 100, 111, 119, 187 111, 101, 100, 99, 73 187, 119, 111, 100, 99
6. Dudhwa tiger reserve, Nagarhole tiger reserve, Bandipur tiger reserve, Corbett tiger reserve
Do It Yourself 1C
1. 2.
3. a. third b. mango c. second d. fourth
4.
Do It Yourself 1D
1. a. Odd b. Even
2.
3. a. True b. True c. False
4. Drawing may vary. Sample drawings.
Even Odd
Chapter Checkup
1. a. 102, 104, 106, 107 b. 163, 164, 167, 168
2. a. 136 b. 161 3. a. 124 b. 197, 199 c. 136
4. a. 142 b. 195 c. 198 d. 176
5. a. 100 + 20 + 2 b. 100 + 30 + 4 c. 100 + 60 + 7 d. 100 + 70 + 6
6. a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd d. 4th e. 5th
7. Even- penguins, apples Odd- balloons, sunflowers
8. Rajiv
Challenge 1. a. 179 b. 159 2. 3rd floor
Real Life Maths
1. d. Purple 2. b. 4th
3. a. orange b. 7th
4. a. True b. False
5. Answers may vary
Chapter 2
Do It Yourself 2A
1. a. 7 tens 6 ones = 76 b. 10 tens 1 one = 101
2. a. 33 b. 45 c. 39 d. 74 e. 93 f. 77
3. 4. a, d, f
Do It Yourself 2B
1. a. 40 b. 60 c. 70 2. a. 32 b. 66 c. 54
3. a. 70 b. 42 c. 50 d. 61 4. a. 30 b. 78
c. 40 d. 40 e. 75 f. 83
Do It Yourself 2C
1. a. 9 b. 12 c. 8 2. a. 6 b. 1 c. 54
3. a. 45 b. 58 c. 99 4. a. 79 b. 63 c. 73
Do It Yourself 2D
1. 61 candies 2. 68 murukkus
3. 97 roses 4. 89 balloons
5. Answers may vary. Sample answer
In a grocery store, there are 42 mangoes on one shelf and 39 mangoes on another shelf. How many mangoes are there in total?
Chapter Checkup
1. a. 10 b. 14 c. 12 2. a. 34 b. 20 c. 45
3. a. 29 b. 65 c. 60 4. a. 39 b. 70 c. 95
5. a. 65 b. 77 c. 76 6. 69 leaves
7. 98 fruits 8. 37 books
Challenge 1. 22
2. False. For example: 15 + 11 + 17 = 43
Real-Life Maths
1. 2. c. 39 3. 44
4. Answers may vary. Sample answers. egg cartons and cardboard
Chapter 3
Do It Yourself 3A
1. a. 42 b. 46 c. 48 d. 54
2. a. 11 b. 24 c. 61 d. 56
3. a. 23 b. 31
4. a. 41 b. 31 c. 11 d. 81
5. a. 4 b. 2
Do It Yourself 3B
1. a. 19 b. 29
2. a. 9 + 6 = 15 b. 3 + 8 = 11
6 + 9 = 15 8 + 3 = 11
15 – 6 = 9 11 – 3 = 8
15 – 9 = 6 11 – 8 = 3
3. a. 18 b. 36 c. 26 4. a. 6, 3 b. 2, 8 c. 8, 2 d. 5, 3
5. Answers may vary.
Do It Yourself 3C
1. 20 flowers 2. 24 fruits 3. 12 concrete houses
4. Answers may vary.
Chapter Checkup
1. a. 22 b. 19 c. 30 d. 16 2. a. 32 b. 17 c. 10
3. a. 33, 33 + 12 = 45 b. 40, 40 + 30 = 70
4. a. 9 + 8 = 17, 8 + 9 = 17, 17 – 8 = 9, 17 – 9 = 8
b. 4 + 3 = 7, 3 + 4 = 7, 7 – 4 = 4, 7 – 3 = 4
c. 5 + 9 = 14, 9 + 5 = 14, 14 – 5 = 9, 14 – 9 = 5
5. SUNLIGHT 6. a. 5, 3 b. 9, 5 c. 8, 0 d. 7, 2
7. Sunita, 11 ghungaroos 8. 10 teeth
9. Answers may vary. Sample answer Two 20 rupee notes and one 2-rupee coin
Challenge 1. 1 ones 2. 50
Real-Life Maths
1. d 2. �56 3. �6 4. No 5. Answer may vary.
Chapter 4
Do It Yourself 4A
1. 2, 2, 2, 2, 8, 8 2. 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 5
3. a. 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 b. 4 + 4 = 8
4. Cow 1 Cow 2 4 + 4 = 8 legs
Do It Yourself 4B
1. b 2. 3, 9 3. a. 3, 2, 6 b. 4, 3, 12
4.
5. a. 21, 3 groups of 7 b. 18, 6 groups of 3 c. 15, 3 groups of 5 d. 14, 7 groups of 2
Do It Yourself 4C
1. a. 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 21; 7, 3, 7, 3; 7, 3, 21; 21
b. 4, 4, 4, 4; 4, 4, 4, 4, 16; 4, 4, 16; 16
2. a. 8 bananas b. 10 flowers c. 8 balloons d. 9 candies
3. a. 8 b. 6 + 6 + 6, 3 groups of 6, 3 × 6 = 18
c. 3 + 3 = 6
Chapter Checkup
1. a. 8, 8, 8, 8, 32, 32 b. 5, 5, 10, 10
2. a. 4, 5 b. 3, 10 3. a. c b. c
4. Answers may vary. Sample answer:
a.
5. a. 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 4 times 3 4 × 3 = 12
b. 3 + 3 2 times 3 2 × 3 = 6
6. a. false b. false c. True d. True 7. 12 wheels
8. 14 players
Challenge 1. Rohan is correct because 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 36
2. Rina placed more lamps.
Real-life Maths
1. b 2. a. 4 + 4
3. a. 2 groups of 4 b. 3 groups of 10
4. Answers may vary. Sample answers: Plant trees, water the plants
Chapter 5
Do It Yourself 5A
1. a. 2 groups of 2, 2 × 2 = 4; b. 2 groups of 3; 2 × 3 = 6;
c. 2 groups of 5, 2 × 5 = 10 2. a. 2 × 4 = 8
b. 2 × 6 = 12 3. 6, 6 × 2 = 12
4. 10 apples
Do It Yourself 5B
1. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50
2. 5 × 3 = 15, 5 × 1 = 5, 5 × 2 = 10, 5 × 5 = 25
3.
4. 30 grapes
Do It Yourself 5C
1. a. 10 × 6 = 60 b. 10 × 4 = 40 c. 5 × 10 = 50
2. a. 5, 5 × 10 = 50 b. 7, 7 × 10 = 70
3. Students will draw any objects showing 10 groups with each group having 3 objects. So a total of 30 objects
4. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
Do It Yourself 5D
1. a. 0 b. 2 2. a. 20 b. 4; 36
3. a. 8 b. 44 c. 30 d. 40
4. 10 5. 20 rupees
Do It Yourself 5E
1. 60 books 2. 90 mishti dois
3. 60 oranges 4. 40 cupcakes
5. Answers may vary. Sample answer
Lisa collected 2 jars of marbles, and each jar contained 10 marbles. How many marbles did Lisa collect in total?
Chapter Checkup
1. a. True b. False c. False d. True
2. a. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
b. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3. a. 5 + 5 = 10 b. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 4. a. 2 × 8 = 16
b. 5 × 8 = 40 c. 10 × 1 = 10 d. 0 × 8 = 0
5. × 10 2 3 30 6 4 40 8
6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
7. 70 dosas 8. a. 10 hats b. 5 × 6 = 30, 30 T-shirts
c. 5 × 2 = 10, 10 pairs
Challenge 1.
2. Yes, you are right as 5 × 4 = 20
Real-Life Maths
1. b, c, d 2. 20 lollipops 3. 10 toys 4. 50
5. Answers may vary
Chapter 6
Do It Yourself 6A
1. a. 721, 723, 724, 726, 727, 729, 730
b. 810, 812, 814, 815,817, 819, 820
2. a. 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416
3. one hundred sixty-three 4. a. 465 b. 777 c. 603 d. 505
5. a.
b.
c.
d.
Do It Yourself 6B
1. a. 3 hundreds + 9 tens + 8 ones
398 = 300 + 90 + 8
b. 1 hundreds + 7 tens + 0 ones
170 = 100 + 70 + 0
c. 6 hundreds + 5 tens + 4 ones
654 = 600 + 50 + 4
2. a. 984, nine hundred eighty-four
b. 576, five hundred seventy-six
c. 702, seven hundred two
3. a. 701 b. 567 c. 345
4. Number name of 127 is One hundred twenty-seven expanded form: 100 + 20 + 7
Do It Yourself 6C
1. a. 879 b. 901 c. 204
2. a. Greatest = 709; Smallest = 97 b. Greatest = 783; Smallest = 446
c. Greatest = 865; Smallest = 175 d. Greatest = 538; Smallest = 159
3. Increasing order: 100, 345, 620, 789 decreasing order: 789, 620, 345, 100
4. Greatest number: 752 Smallest number: 257
5. Toni used more bricks.
Chapter Checkup
1. a. 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 310 b. 602, 603, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609
2. a.
3. Before: 78, 179, 966, Between: 246, 434, 255, After: 457, 516, 699,
4. a. 345 > 232 b. 999 > 678 c. 945 = 945 d. 34 < 344 e. 123 < 856 f. 899 < 999
5. a. 678, 559, 345 b. 678, 289, 109 c. 873, 696, 345 6. a. 257, 330, 540 b. 447, 567, 678 c. 120, 499, 600 7. The next house number is 227
8. Less than 500: 123, 459, 229, 289 More than 500: 985, 769, 590, 890
9. The greatest number is 641 the smallest number is 146
Challenge
1. H T O 4 5 1
T O 8 7 9
2. There are 6, 3-digit odd numbers between 101 and 115.
Hint: Do not count 101 and 115.
Real-Life Maths
1. b. 8 2. increasing 3. five hundred seventy-six 4. 358
Chapter 7
Do It Yourself 7A
1. a. 129 b. 661 c. 182 2. a. 349 b. 699 c. 997
3. a. 666 b. 912 c. 665 4. a. 835 b. 549 c. 978 d. 870 e. 939 f. 693
Do It Yourself 7B
1. a. 443 b. 131 c. 550
2. a. 524 b. 616 c. 820 3. a. 180 b. 000 c. 670 d. 780 e. 620 f. 234 4. 167
Do It Yourself 7C
1. a. addition, 654 b. subtraction, 336
2. a. 361 b. 55 3. 311 packets 4. 365 tigers
Chapter Checkup
1. a. 699 b. 615 c. 996 2. a. 123 b. 333 c. 423
3. a. 549 b. 1077 c. 704 d. 115 e. 350 f. 244
4. a. 1 b. 9 c. 1
5. a. Subtraction, 230 b. Addition, 290
6. Hindi, 223 7. 351 jhadus 8. 315 biscuits
9. a. 256 b. 401
Challenge 1. a. My number is before 300.
b. My number is 10 less than 310.
c. My number is 100 more than 216.
d. My number is 25 less than 267.
2. Answers may vary. Sample answer. There are 456 coconuts in a farm. 124 coconuts are sold. How many coconuts are left in the farm?
Real-Life Maths
1. a. 237 2. 69 3. 203 4. Answers may vary.
Our Body
Chapter Overview Our Body
Look at the picture. Name as many body parts as you can. Get Set
Outer Body Parts
The parts of our body that we can see and touch are called outer body parts. Some examples of outer body parts are our hands, legs and sense organs. Let us learn how these outer body parts help us.
Uses of Our Hands
Eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are the five sense organs.
We do many activities with our hands. For example, we can write, eat food and catch a ball.
We also use our hands to count, hold things and draw.
Uses of Our Legs
We do many activities with our legs. For example, we can jump, walk, kick a ball, and run.
Sense Organs
Let us learn about all the five sense organs.
Close your eyes. Be completely quiet for one minute. What sounds can you hear? Share with the class.
Our eyes help us see. Our nose helps us smell. Our ears help us hear.
Our tongue helps us taste. Our skin helps us feel.
Inner Body Parts
The parts of our body that are inside our body are called inner body parts. We cannot see them, but they work all the time to keep us alive. Brain, lungs, heart and stomach are some of our inner body parts.
Let us now read about how these body parts work and what special work they do to keep us healthy and strong.
Uses of Our Brain
Our brain is inside our head. It helps us to think and remember things. The brain controls all the body parts.
Do and Learn alive: something that lives, grows, moves and breathes
The brain inside the head.
Brain
It sends messages to different parts of the body to tell them what to do like moving your arms and legs, blinking your eyes, or even feel happy or sad.
Uses of Our Heart
The heart is present inside the chest. It pumps blood to all the parts of the body so that they can get the nutrients to work properly.
Uses of Our Lungs
We have two lungs inside our chest. They are like two balloons inside our bodies. They help us breathe.
Uses of Our Stomach
Do you know where our food goes from the mouth? It goes into our stomach. It is located in our belly. It helps us break down the food we eat.
Name the body parts. Pause and Answer
blinking: opening and closing your eyes quickly nutrients: things in our food that give us energy belly: the soft front part of our body below our chest
Healthy Body
Our body helps us do many activities every day. So, we must take good care of our body. In a healthy body, all the parts work properly. We must do the things shown below to stay healthy:
Bathe every day.
Cut our nails once a week.
Eat healthy food.
Pause and Answer
Wash our hands before and after a meal.
Exercise every day. Go to bed early at night and wake up early in the morning.
Put a cross () in the boxes for the unhealthy habits.
1. Eating an apple every day.
2. Playing in the park.
3. Bathing once a week.
4. Sleeping late at night.
Wonders of Bharat
Sudha Chandran is a famous dancer. When she was young, she lost one leg in an accident. But she still kept practising her dance and never gave up.
Word Splash
outer body parts: body parts that we can see inner body parts: body parts that we cannot see sense organs: body parts that help us make sense of the world around us lungs: the body parts inside our chest that help us breathe heart: the body part inside our chest that pumps blood brain: the body part inside our head that controls all other body parts stomach: the body part that helps break down the food we eat
Explore More!
Scan the QR code to learn more about inner body parts.
Points to Remember
• Eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are the five sense organs of the body.
• Our sense organs help us to see, hear, smell, taste and feel.
• Hands, legs and sense organs are the outer parts of our body.
• Our hands help us write, catch, eat, draw and hold things.
• Our legs help us to walk, stand, run, kick and jump.
• Brain, lungs, heart and stomach are the inner parts of our body.
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct picture.
A. They help us see.
B. They help us breathe.
C. It helps us break down the food we eat.
D. It helps us think.
2. Fill in the blanks.
nails hands skin nose
A. We write with our .
B. We smell with our .
C. We feel with our .
D. We should cut our once a week.
3. Write True or False.
A. Our eyes help us feel.
B. The tongue is an inner body part.
C. We can see and touch our lungs.
D. Our heart is in our chest.
4. Match the following.
A. Hand a. Pumping
B. Leg b. Breathing
C. Nose c. Holding
D. Lungs d. Kicking
E. Heart e. Smelling
5. Circle the odd one out.
A. Tongue Heart Nose Ears
B. Eyes Nose Hands Stomach
6. Answer the following questions.
A. What are outer body parts?
B. Name any three outer body parts.
C. Draw and colour any two sense organs.
D. Why is brain important?
E. Write one use of the following body parts:
a. Hands
b. Heart
c. Lungs
7. Picture-based questions.
A. What are the children doing?
B. Name any three body parts that they are using.
Challenge (HOTS)
1. Name an activity where you use your hands and legs.
2. Rita and her mother were sleeping. Suddenly, her mother said, “Someone is burning dry leaves outside”. Rita looked out and saw it was true. How did her mother know?
Life Skills
Help your parents make a healthy fruit salad.
• Take two apples and two bananas. Wash the fruits. You may add other fruits of your choice.
• Peel the apples and the bananas. Then cut them into bite-sized pieces with the help of your parents.
• Mix all the fruits in a large bowl.
• If you like, you may add some honey and lemon juice to the fruit salad.
• Gently toss the fruits together until they are well mixed.
• Serve the fruit salad in small bowls or cups to all your family members and enjoy!
2 My Family
Chapter Overview
My Family
Types of Families
Name and Surname
Helping Each Other
Look at the picture.
A. What do you see in the picture?
B. What are they doing? Get Set
We all live in families. We may live with our father, mother, brothers, sisters and grandparents. We all love our family.
A family is a group of people who live together. They are related to each other by birth or marriage. They love and care for each other.
grandparents: parents of our mother and father
In this chapter, let us learn more about family.
Types of Families
Families can be of different types. The members of a family share some relations. For example, our mother and father are our parents. Our brother and sister are our siblings.
Nuclear Family
In a nuclear family, only the parents and their children live together in one house.
Joint Family
A joint family has many family members. They live together in the same house. When grandparents, parents and children live together, it is a small joint family.
When many family members, such as grandparents, parents, aunts, uncles and cousins, all live together in the same house, it is a large joint family. The children of uncles and aunts are called cousins.
A nuclear family does not always have children. A family with just the husband and wife is also a nuclear family. Error Alert! Remember!
Uncle: brother of father or mother, or husband of your aunt
Aunt: sister of father or mother, or wife of your uncle
relations: connections between people
A nuclear family
A small joint family
A large joint family
Did You Know?
Our grandparents’ parents are known as our great-grandparents.
Single-parent Family
Sometimes, children live with only one parent, that is, the father or the mother. Such a family is called a single-parent family.
Think and Tell
What type of family do you have? What do you like the most about your family?
Do and Learn
Talk to your friend. Fill in the details about the family members in the house.
Name of friend:
Number of parents:
Number of grandparents:
Number of siblings:
Name and Surname
Number of uncles:
Number of aunts:
Number of cousins:
Total family members:
The name by which our family and friends call us is our first name. The first name is given to us at the time of our birth.
The family name is called the surname. Members of a family share a common surname. Sometimes, the husband and the wife can have different surnames. Our full names have both the first name and the surname.
Think and Tell What is your surname? A single-parent family
People with the same surname are NOT always from the same family. Error Alert!
Pause and Answer
Write True or False.
1. Our full name has a name and a surname.
2. In the name Ramesh Das, Das is the full name.
3. A joint family has only parents and children.
Helping Each Other
All the members of a family love each other. They help each other.
Our parents take care of us. They give us food and clothes. They send us to school. They look after us when we are sick.
Our parents go to work to earn money. They take care of the household work as well.
A mother takes care of her sick child.
Our siblings and cousins play with us. They also study with us.
Our grandparents tell us stories. They take us to the park or the market. They teach us good habits and manners.
We must obey and respect our family members. We should help our family members by doing small things. For example, we can:
• keep things in their proper place.
• help to keep the house neat and clean.
• put away our toys after playing with them.
household work: different kinds of work in the house like cooking, cleaning, washing, etc. obey: to do what you are told to do
A grandfather tells his grandson a story.
A boy is putting away his toys.
Wonders of Bharat
Indians believe in the Sanskrit proverb Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam. It means that the world is like one big family. So, we must always love and respect everyone.
Word Splash
family: a group of people who live together and are related by birth or marriage
nuclear family: parents and their children living together; sometimes only parents siblings: brothers and sisters
joint family: grandparents, parents and children living together; sometimes with uncles, aunts and cousins as well cousins: children of uncles and aunts
single-parent family: children living with only one parent surname: the family name
Explore More!
Scan the QR code to learn more about family.
Points to Remember
y Family members are related by birth or marriage.
y Families are of different types: nuclear family, joint family and single-parent family.
y Our full name has both first name and surname.
y All the members of a family love and care for each other.
Chapter Checkup
1. Look at the pictures. Tick ( ) the correct answer.
A. The type of family picture 1 shows. Joint Single-parent Nuclear
B. The type of family picture 2 shows. Joint Nuclear Single-parent
C. The type of family picture 3 shows. Single-parent Joint Nuclear
2. Write True or False.
A. Your brother is your sibling.
B. Grandparents live in a nuclear family.
C. Family members are related by birth or marriage.
D. Your mother’s mother is your aunt.
3. Fill in the blanks. grandfather aunt cousins uncle grandmother
A. Mother ’s father is .
B. Father ’s brother is .
C. Aunt’s children are .
D. Uncle’s wife is .
E. Grandfather’s wife is .
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
4. Complete the following.
Kamal Sharma has two children: Riya and Sahil.
A. Riya’s full name is .
B. Sahil is Riya’s .
5. Answer the following questions.
A. Write one difference between a joint family and a nuclear family.
B. What is a surname? Ask people in your neighbourhood and write three surnames.
C. How do you feel when someone in your family falls sick? What can you do to help them?
D. Write two ways by which you can help your family members.
6. Picture-based questions.
A. How many members are there in this family?
B. What type of family is it?
Challenge (HOTS)
Charu lives in a hostel where she stays with other children. Can we call them a family? Write down why or why not.
Life Skills
Let us thank our family members today. Make a small card to say ‘thank you’ to one of your family members. Dear , I want to thank you for . I . Yours lovingly,
Keeping Safe 3
Chapter Overview
Keeping Safe
Safety on the Road
Safety at Home
Safety at School
First Aid Good Touch and Bad Touch
Tick ( ) the thing you should wear when you ride a bicycle. Get Set
Accidents can happen anywhere. We should always be careful. We can keep ourselves safe by following some safety rules. In this chapter, we will learn about these safety rules.
accident: something bad that happens by chance
Safety on the Road
Some safety rules that we can follow on the road are:
y Do not play on or near the road.
y Always walk on the footpath.
y Follow traffic signs and signals.
y Use the zebra crossing when crossing a road.
Red: Stop
Yellow: Slow down
Green: Go Remember!
y Always wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or a scooter.
y While getting on or off the school bus, always wait for your turn.
y Wait in a queue at the bus stop.
Cross the road at a zebra crossing.
Safety at Home
Wear a helmet while riding a bicycle. Wait in a queue at the bus stop.
We must follow these safety rules at home:
y Do not play with matchsticks. You may burn yourself.
footpath: a path for people to walk on zebra crossing: a place on the road with black and white stripes where people can cross safely
y Do not touch electric wires or sockets with wet hands. You may get an electric shock.
y Do not jump on the furniture or run on the stairs. You may hurt yourself.
y Do not take any medicines without asking an elder.
y Do not keep your toys on the floor. Someone may trip on them and fall.
y Do not play with sharp things, such as blades, knives and scissors. You may cut yourself.
y Do not open the door to a stranger.
You can dial 112 in an emergency to call the police, the firefighters or the ambulance service. Did You Know?
Pause and Answer
Write Yes or No.
1. We should play with matchsticks.
2. We should play with sharp things.
An adult gives medicine to a child.
3. We should keep our toys in their proper place.
Safety at School
We must follow these safety rules to be safe at school:
y Do not jump on the desks and chairs in the classroom.
stranger: people whom we do not know
A girl keeping books on the shelf.
y Do not run in the corridors or on the stairs.
y Do not push or pull or fight with anyone.
y When going somewhere with your entire class, walk slowly and in a line.
y If you feel unwell or hurt, quickly ask a teacher for help.
Children standing in a line, without pushing anyone.
y Wait for your turn on the slide or the swing.
First Aid
Reena fell and hurt her knee. Her mother helped her with first aid. What is first aid?
First aid is the immediate help given to an injured or a sick person before a doctor arrives. We must keep a first-aid box at home and school. A first-aid box has some of the following things:
First-aid box
Common First-Aid
Here are some common first-aid actions in the following cases: Wound: Wash it with clean water. Apply antiseptic lotion over it.
Minor Burn: Hold the burnt part under cool, running water.
corridors: long pathways that connect different rooms or areas inside a school
immediate: done quickly antiseptic: a lotion for cleaning wounds
Cotton Scissor Band-aid Antiseptic lotion
Pause and Answer
Circle the items that we keep in a first-aid box.
Cotton Spoon Scissors Knife
Band-aid Antiseptic lotion Pencil Rubber
Good Touch and Bad Touch
Dheeraj loves his family. He hugs them or kisses them when he is happy. His parents and brother also hug and kiss him. Dheeraj feels happy, safe and comfortable when his friends hug him or shake hands with him. This is a good touch.
Do you also feel the same when your parents hug or kiss you? But all touches are not good. Sometimes, you may not like being touched. These touches could be bad. They make you feel bad, unhappy, scared or angry.
Examples of a bad touch are when:
y Someone touches your body parts and tells you not to tell anyone.
y Someone hits you.
y Someone pinches you. When someone gives you a bad touch, shout, “NO” or “STOP” and run away from there.
It is NOT only strangers that you should be safe from. Sometimes, people we know, like our neighbours or family friends, might do things that make us feel bad. Do not hide anything from your parents.
Always tell your parents if you feel a bad touch. You don’t need to hide it as you are not wrong.
Error Alert!
Dheeraj hugs his mother.
Wonders of Bharat
Kailash Satyarthi is known for helping children. He works very hard to make sure all children go to school and play, instead of working in factories or doing hard jobs.
Word Splash
safety rules: rules we follow to be protected from danger first aid: the immediate help given to an injured or a sick person before a doctor arrives
good touch: a touch that makes us feel happy, safe and comfortable bad touch: a touch that makes us feel bad, scared, unhappy or angry
Explore More!
Scan the QR code to learn more about your safety.
Points to Remember
y We should follow safety rules on the road, at home and at school to be safe.
y First aid is the immediate help given to an injured or a sick person before a doctor arrives.
y Some touches make us feel bad, unhappy, scared or angry. We should say ‘No’ in such cases and tell our parents about it.
Kailash Satyarthi
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct picture.
A. Which of these is dangerous?
B. Which of these is a safe action?
C. Which of the following is a part of a first-aid box?
2. Write True or False.
A. It is safe to get on a moving bus.
B. We may get hurt if we jump on the bed.
C. It is safe to play on the road.
D. Cotton is a part of a first-aid box.
3. Fill in the blanks. good stranger stairs
A. Do not go anywhere with a .
B. Do not run on the .
C. A touch makes you happy.
4. It is important to know the phone numbers of some people in case you need them. Find out and write the phone numbers of these people.
y Your father
y Your mother
y The police
5. Answer the following questions.
A. Write any one safety rule we must follow on the road.
B. Why should you not touch electric sockets?
C. Reena fell and cut her knee. What first aid will you give her?
D. What should you do when you do not like someone’s touch?
6. Picture-based questions.
A. What do you see in the picture?
B. Is it a safe or unsafe action? Why?
Challenge (HOTS)
What should you do if a stranger on the road offers you sweets?
4 Food
Chapter Overview
Importance of Food Types of Food Balanced Meal Healthy Eating Habits
Tick ( ) the items that we can eat. Get Set
Payal is a happy girl who likes to play. Today, she feels weak and she tells her mom about it. Mom says, “Have something to eat, Payal. You will feel good.” Payal eats rice idlis. After eating, she feels much better.
Payal eating rice idlis.
Importance of Food
Food is very important. We eat food because:
y It helps us to grow.
y We get energy to run, play and learn.
y It keeps us healthy.
y It protects us from many diseases.
Types of Food
Kids playing football.
We eat different types of food. Each type of food helps our body differently. Let us read about these different types of foods.
Energy-giving Food
Our body needs energy to run, play and study. Some foods give us lots of energy. They are called energy-giving foods. Things made from wheat, like chapati, paratha and bread, are energy-giving foods. Rice, potato and sugar also give us energy.
Body-building Food
Some foods help us to grow big and strong. These foods are called body-building foods. Eggs, fish, milk, meat, pulses, nuts, cheese and paneer are body-building foods.
protects: to keep somebody/something safe
Chapati made from wheat.
Omlette made from eggs.
Protective Food
Some foods help us fight diseases. These are called protective foods. Fruits and vegetables are protective foods.
We should eat all types of food. They keep us healthy.
Pause and Answer
Fruits
Sort these food items under the correct headings.
rice meat bread eggs carrot chapati
banana rice dosa spinach cheese tomato paneer
Energy-giving Foods
Body-building Foods Protective Foods
Balanced Meal
Avinash: Baba, I am hungry.
Father: The dinner is ready! I have made spinach and onion pulao today.
Avinash: But I do not want to eat spinach, Baba!
Father: You should eat everything, Avinash.
Avinash: Okay, Baba.
Avinash eats the spinach and onion pulao. He likes it.
We should eat all types of food. We should eat a balanced meal. A balanced meal has all three types of foods and in the right amount. They help us grow, stay healthy and have lots of energy to play and have fun.
A balanced meal of daal, chapati, vegetables and curd.
Write down all the things you eat today for meals and snacks. Share your list with the class tomorrow. Do and Learn
Healthy Eating Habits
We should follow healthy eating habits to stay fit. Some of these habits are:
y Wash your hands before and after eating.
y Eat all kinds of food. Do not be fussy.
y Do not eat junk food a lot.
y Do not overeat.
y Drink plenty of water.
y Chew your food properly.
y Do not talk while eating food.
y Do not waste food.
y Eat your food and snacks on time.
Wonders of Bharat
Say ‘No’ to junk food.
Mr Kaleemullah Khan is called the Mango Man of India. He has grown more than 300 types of mangoes on a single tree.
junk: food that is unhealthy chew: to crush food into smaller, softer pieces with our teeth
energy-giving foods: foods that give us energy
body-building foods: foods that help us grow big and strong
protective foods: foods that protect us from diseases
balanced meal: a meal that has all three types of foods: energy-giving, body-building and protective
Explore More!
Scan the QR code to know more about food.
Points to Remember
y Food helps us grow, gives us energy and keeps us healthy.
y Food can be divided into three types: energy-giving, body-building and protective foods.
y We should always eat a balanced and healthy meal.
y We should wash our hands before eating food.
y We should chew our food properly.
y We should not waste food.
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct answer.
A. Which of these is a junk food?
B. Which of these is a body-building food?
C. Which of these is a protective food?
2. Write True or False.
A. Food helps us to grow.
B. Rice is an energy-giving food.
C. Cheese is a protective food.
D. Fruits and vegetables protect us from diseases.
3. Fill in the blanks.
A. is a body-building food.
B. Fruits and vegetables are foods.
C. We should eat a meal.
D. We should not eat food.
4. Answer the following questions.
A. What are the three main types of food? Give two examples of each.
B. What is a balanced meal?
C. Why is food important for us? Write two reasons.
D. Write a food item that makes you feel really happy.
5. Picture-based questions.
A. Which food items do the pictures show?
B. Which food item is healthy?
Picture 1
Picture 2
Challenge (HOTS)
Rishi falls sick very often. What should he increase in his meals? Why?
Life Skills
Let us make a “Healthy Vegetable Sandwich”. Ask an adult for help.
Things needed: 2 slices of bread, half cucumber, 1 thinly sliced carrot, half a cup grated beetroot, slices of onion, butter
Steps:
• Wash the vegetables.
• Spread a thin layer of butter on one side of each slice of bread.
• Add all the vegetables on top of a bread slice. Place the other slice of bread on top of that to make the sandwich.
• Enjoy with a homemade chutney or dip.
Houses We Live In
Chapter Overview
Houses We Live In
Need for a House Types of Houses A Good House Get Set
Hi friends! I am Anil!
This is my house. I live here with my family. There are many rooms in my house. It has a lovely garden. I love my house. What about you? What do you like about your house?
All of us need a house. In this chapter, let us learn more about houses.
Anil’s house
Need for a House
We live in a house with our family. We call it our home. We need a house because:
• A house keeps us safe from rain, heat, cold and wind.
• A house protects us from dangers such as animals and strangers.
• A house provides comfort.
• A house is a place where we keep our toys, clothes, food and other things. People live in different types of houses. Let us read about them in this chapter.
Types of Houses
Let us read about some of the temporary houses. Hut Kanchan lives in a village. She lives in a kutcha house. It is made from mud, straw, leaves, stones and bamboo. The walls are made of mud and straw. This keeps the house cool. The roof is made with dry leaves and straw. It is easy to build and does not cost much.
A house
Remember!
A house has different parts. It has a roof, walls, doors and windows.
A hut in a village
strangers: people you do not know straw: dried stems of plants like wheat or rice
Such houses are found in villages. They are called kutcha houses because they can get damaged in a storm or earthquake. Such houses are temporary houses.
Igloo
An igloo is a house made of blocks of snow. People in very cold places build igloos to stay warm and cosy inside when it is very cold outside.
Tent
Houseboat
Some houses are built on boats. These are called houseboats. You can find them floating on the beautiful lakes in Kashmir and Kerala.
People usually use a tent for camping. A tent is a house made of cloth. It can be set up anywhere. It can be packed easily and used by people who move from one place to another.
A caravan is a large vehicle that is used as a house. It is also called ‘a house on wheels’. We can drive it from one place to another.
earthquake: sudden shaking of the ground temporary: lasting for a short time floating: to stay on the surface of the water
Caravan
An igloo
A houseboat
A tent
A caravan
Let us read about the permanent houses.
Aryan lives in a city. He lives in a pucca house. It is made of iron, steel, bricks, cement, wood and stone. It is a strong house. A lot of money was used to build it. Pucca houses can be seen in cities, towns and villages. Pucca houses are of different types.
Bungalow
A bungalow is a big house. There are many rooms in it. Some bungalows have a garden. They can be single-storeyed or multi-storeyed.
Multi-storey apartments
Pause and Answer
Apartment
Apartments or flats are houses built one over the other. They take up less space. They are found in cities or towns. They are multi-storeyed buildings. They often have lifts to take people from one floor to the other.
Ravi wants to make a pucca house. Circle any three materials he will need to build it.
A Good House
We must keep our house clean. We can do the following to keep our house in good shape:
• Clean it everyday.
• Have green plants around the house.
• Keep the surroundings and neighbourhood clean.
multi-storeyed: a building with many floors
A bungalow
• Let in sunlight and fresh air.
• Cover the drains of the kitchen and bathroom so that insects do not enter.
• Use dustbins to throw the house waste.
Wonders of Bharat
The Rashtrapati Bhavan is the official residence (house) of the President of India. It has 340 rooms!
kutcha house: a house made from mud, straw, leaves and bamboo
pucca house: a house made of iron, steel, bricks, cement, wood and stone Word Splash
Explore More!
Scan the QR code to know more about the different types of houses.
Points to Remember
• A house keeps us safe and gives us comfort.
• Based on the materials used, houses are of two types—kutcha and pucca.
• Kutcha houses are made of mud, straw, bamboo and leaves.
• Pucca houses are made of iron, steel, bricks and cement.
• There are many types of houses—igloos, tents, huts, apartments, bungalows and houseboats.
• A good house must be clean and have proper sunlight and fresh air.
drain: a pipe or hole in the ground that dirty water goes down
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct picture.
A. Which of these is made of mud?
B. Which house is made of snow?
C. Which house is made of cloth?
D. Which house floats on water?
2. Fill in the blanks.
apartments caravan tent dangers
A. A house protects us from .
B. A house on wheels is called a .
C. are houses built over one another.
D. A is a house made of cloth.
3. Write True or False.
A. A house can be big or small.
B. A house has doors and windows.
C. A pucca house is not strong.
D. An igloo is found in lakes and rivers.
4. Match the following.
A. Tent
B. Houseboat
C. Hut
D. Caravan
a. Made of mud
b. House on wheels
c. Made of cloth
d. House on a boat
5. Unjumble the letters and write the names of the houses.
A. OHOUBSATE
B. IOGLO
6. Answer the following questions.
A. Name the type of house you live in.
B. Write one difference between a tent and a bungalow.
C. Draw a kutcha house and colour it.
D. Write one reason why we need a house.
E. How can we take care of our house? Write any two points.
7. Picture-based questions.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
A. Write one difference between the two rooms.
B. Which room do you like and why?
Picture 1
Picture 2
Challenge (HOTS)
Nitin’s family is going to the jungle on a holiday. They will stay there for two nights. Which type of house can they use to be safe? Give one reason for your answer.
Life Skills
We should keep our house neat and clean. If there is too much clutter in your house, you can donate some things. With the help of elders at home, pack five things you can donate, in a box. Give them to someone who needs them.
6 Clothes
Chapter Overview
Need for Clothes
Clothes
Types of Cloth Materials
Sources of Cloth Materials Care for Clothes
Get Set
Read the poem aloud.
Sliponyoursocks, Buttonyourshirt, Put on your pants, Tuckinyourshirt.
Jackets for cold, Hats for the sun, Dressedfortheday, Now let us have some fun!
Need for Clothes
Let us find out why are clothes important.
• Clothes cover our bodies and help us feel comfortable.
• Clothes protect us from different things such as the heat of the sun, the cold, the rain and insects.
• Clothes keep dust and dirt away from our skin.
Early humans used leaves and animal skins to cover their bodies. Did You Know?
• Clothes help us look smart. We should always wear neat and ironed clothes.
When it is hot, light cotton clothes like T-shirts, frocks and shorts help us stay cool.
Pause and Answer
When it is cold, woollen clothes like caps, scarves, jackets and thermals keep us warm.
We wear nice clothes on special occasions.
Write True or False.
1. Clothes help us look smart.
2. A cap protects us from the sun.
3. We should wear T-shirts and shorts in cold weather.
comfortable: that makes you feel relaxed thermals: clothes that give us extra warmth
Types of Cloth Materials
We wear different types of clothes in different seasons. Different kinds of clothes are made from different materials. Let us learn about these different materials.
Cotton
We wear cotton clothes on hot summer days. Cotton clothes are light and comfortable. They soak up sweat easily and help keep us cool.
Many clothes that we wear are made from cotton. Do you know where cotton comes from? We get cotton from plants. Let us understand the journey of cotton from the field to your house.
Step 1: Farmers pick and collect the cotton from the cotton plants. This cotton is cleaned to remove dirt and seeds.
Step 2: Clean cotton is then spun into long threads, called cotton yarn.
Journey of cotton from the field to us.
Step 5: Dyed fabric is cut and sewn into clothes like T-shirts, pants and dresses.
Step 3: The yarn is then woven together on a loom to make cloth.
Step 4: Once the cloth is ready, it can be dyed in different colours to make it look bright and beautiful.
sweat: salty drops of water that come out of the skin when we exercise or feel hot
Do and Learn
Cotton Plant Craft
Things needed: Cotton balls, green paper, brown paper, glue, scissors
Steps:
• Cut out the shape of a cotton plant from brown paper.
• Glue cotton balls onto the plant to show cotton bolls.
• Your cotton plant is ready!
Note: Ask an elder to cut out the shape for you.
Wool
You must have seen your mother or grandmother making a sweater. A sweater is made from wool. In winter, we wear woollen sweaters, scarves and caps. They keep us warm.
But where does this wool come from? We get wool from the hair of sheep. Let us see how this wool is transformed into woollen clothes.
Step 1: The farmer carefully uses shears to cut the wool off the sheep’s body.
Silk
Step 2: The wool we get from the sheep is spun into a yarn. The yarn is wound to a ball.
Step 3: The yarn is then knitted to make woollen clothes.
We like to wear silk clothes on special days like birthdays or festivals. We get silk from an insect called silkworm. Let us learn how we get silk from silkworms.
knitted: to make clothes with yarn with knitting needles
Step 1: It all starts with silkworms.
Step 4: The silk threads are woven together to make beautiful silk clothes, like sarees or shirts.
Sources of Cloth Materials
Step 2: Silkworms spin silk threads around themselves to make a cosy cocoon.
Step 3: People carefully collect these cocoons to take out the silk threads.
Fibres are tiny threads that we use to make cloth. The clothes we wear can be made from natural fibres or human-made fibres.
Natural Fibres
Natural Fibres are fibres we get from plants and animals. Some examples are cotton, wool and silk.
Human-made Fibres
Human-made fibres are made by people in factories. For example, nylon and polyester. These are made from a special type of plastic. They do not wrinkle easily and dry quickly after washing.
wrinkle: a small fold or crease that makes the fabric look uneven and rough
Think and Tell
Can you think of anything that is made from nylon or polyester?
Care for Clothes
We should take care of our clothes. We should wash them after wearing. Once they are dry, we should iron them. We should fold our clothes neatly and keep them in a clean, covered place.
A man ironing his shirt.
Wonders of Bharat
Think and Tell
When your parents wash clothes, how can you help them?
India was one of the earliest places where cotton was grown to make clothes.
Word Splash
materials: items used to make things fibres: tiny threads that we use to make cloth natural fibres: fibres we get from plants and animals human-made fibres: fibres made by people in factories
Points to Remember
• Clothes cover us and protect our bodies.
• Cotton, wool and silk are examples of different cloth materials.
• We get natural fibres like cotton from plants and silk or wool from animals.
• Some fibres are human-made. For example, nylon and polyester.
• We should take of our clothes.
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct answer.
A. We wear cotton clothes in this season. monsoon summer winter
B. We get silk from this animal. cockroach silkworm earthworm
C. We get wool from: deer plants sheep
D. It is a human-made fibre. cotton nylon wool
2. Fill in the blanks. hair cover fibres cotton
A. Clothes our bodies.
B. clothes keep us cool.
C. We get wool from the of sheep.
D. People make different clothes from different .
3. Write True or False.
A. We should wear the same clothes every day.
B. Woollen clothes keep us cool.
C. Some fibres are made by people.
D. Polyester is a natural fibre.
4. Match the following.
A. Cotton
B. Wool
C. Silk
D. Nylon
5. Answer the following questions.
A. Why do we wear clothes?
a. Plastic
b. Silkworm
c. Plant
d. Sheep
B. Ankita is going to Ooty. It is very cold there. What types of clothes she should pack?
C. Draw your favourite piece of cloth and colour it.
D. Write two things you can do to take care of your clothes.
6. Picture-based questions.
A. Which insect is shown in the picture?
B. What does it give us?
Challenge (HOTS)
In your opinion, which fibres are better—natural or human-made? Give one reason for your answer.
7 Games We Play
Chapter Overview
Games We Play
Need to Play Types of Games
Match the things given in the two rows. Get Set
We all love to play games. We play games to have fun and enjoy ourselves. Playing games is very important for our health too.
In this chapter, let us learn more about why games are so important.
Need to Play
Rohan is studying. His mom walks in and tells him, “Rohan, why don’t you take a break? Go outside and play for a bit.” Rohan happily goes out to play football with his friends.
Just like Rohan, we all need a break to have fun. Let us learn why we must play games every day.
• To be fit and healthy: Playing games helps our bodies stay strong and active.
• To refresh our minds: After a long day at school, games make us feel happy and energised.
• To make new friends: Playing games is a great way to meet friends and make new ones.
We should play games every day to have fun and stay healthy.
Pause and Answer
Tick ( ) the correct sentences.
1. Playing games makes us lazy.
Rohan plays football with his friends.
A few children playing a game of tag.
A few friends playing with a skip-rope.
2. Playing is a good way to make new friends.
3. We should play every day for some time.
4. We learn to fight while playing.
break: to stop working for a while refresh: to feel better and more energetic
Types of Games
Divya and her friends were playing football outside when it started to rain. They all quickly went inside. Divya said, “Let us wait for the rain to stop. In the meantime, let us play ludo.”
We play many types of games. We play some games inside our house and some outside in an open area. Let us read about different types of games.
Indoor Games
Indoor games are games that can be played inside. Some indoor games are Scrabble, Uno, darts, chess, ludo, snakes and ladders, carrom, cards and video games. Games like Scrabble can help us learn new words.
Outdoor Games
Did You Know?
Chess, ludo, snakes and ladders, and carrom are from India.
Outdoor games are the games we play outside in places like parks, playgrounds or open fields. These games are great when you want to run around and get some fresh air. Badminton, football, cricket, basketball, volleyball, kho-kho and hockey are some outdoor games. Outdoor games keep us healthy and fit.
Chess
Darts
Video game
Playing both indoor and outdoor games is important. It helps you stay healthy, learn new skills, meet friends and have fun.
Wonders of Bharat
Sachin Tendulkar is the only player to score more than 2,000 runs in the World Cup.
indoor games: games we play inside outdoor games: games we play in a park or a playground Word Splash
Explore More!
Scan the QR code to learn more about the games we play at home.
Badminton
Football
Cricket
Points to Remember
• Playing games keeps us fit and healthy.
• We should play both indoor and outdoor games.
• Chess, ludo and carrom are some examples of indoor games.
• Football, cricket and badminton are some examples of outdoor games.
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct picture.
A. This is an indoor game.
B. This is an outdoor game.
C. This game is called darts.
D. This picture shows a boy playing a video game.
2. Write True or False.
A. Playing games is good for our health.
B. We can play badminton in a park.
C. We should play cricket inside our house.
D. Hockey is an indoor game.
3. Fill in the blanks.
A. Playing games keeps us .
B. We make new while playing.
C. Scrabble is an game.
D. Volleyball is an game.
4. Match the following.
A. Chess
B. Football
C. Carrom
D. Cricket
5. Which Game Am I?
A. Roll the dice, move your piece, Get to the end, quickly please. Snakes make you slide, Ladders help you climb, What is the game, So much fun each time?
B. You need a racket And a net. Hit the shuttle, That’s the best bet. Over the net and back again, What do you think is this game?
6. Answer the following questions.
A. Why do we play games?
B. Write one difference between indoor and outdoor games.
C. Name two indoor games.
D. Name two games you can play outside with your friends.
E. How do you feel when you win a game? How about when you lose?
7. Picture-based questions.
A. Does the picture show an indoor game or outdoor game?
B. What are the children doing?
C. Have you ever played such a game?
Challenge (HOTS)
1. Write one new thing you learnt while playing your favourite game.
2. Tarun wants to be home all the time and just play video games. Should he do this? Give one reason for your answer.
Life Skills
Here is a fun and energising morning routine to help you feel great.
Let us start our day by waking up early. Stand up tall and stretch your arms as high as you can. Take a deep breath and let it out slowly. Next, jump and spread your arms and legs wide. Jump again and bring your arms and legs back together. Do this 10 times. After that, bend down and try to touch your toes. Do this 10 times. Finally, run in one spot for 30 counts. This will make you feel fresh and ready for the day.
8 Neighbourhood Services
Chapter Overview
Neighbourhood Services
Neighbours and Neighbourhoods
Keeping Our Neighbourhood Clean Important Neighbourhood Services
Get Set
Hi, I am Tanu!
I love playing with my friends. They live close to my house. Now, I am going to the park with them. Do you also have friends who live nearby? What about a park?
Neighbours and Neighbourhoods
Neighbours are the people who live near you. They can be your friends who you can play with. We should be good and kind to our neighbours.
The houses and places around us make our neighbourhood. A neighbourhood is a place where we can find many houses, people and other buildings. Many families live here. We find shops, parks, schools and even hospitals in a neighbourhood.
Discuss!
How can you be a good neighbour? Talk to your partner and discuss in class.
Important Neighbourhood Services
Our neighbourhood has many special places that are useful for us. Let us know about them.
Market
In every neighbourhood, there is a place with lots of shops. It is known as a market. These shops sell things we use daily such as milk, bread, eggs, clothes, medicines, vegetables, groceries and stationery. The person who sells us these things is called a shopkeeper.
School
Bus Stop
Many people take buses to travel around. But where do we catch a bus? We wait for and catch a bus at the bus stop.
Every neighbourhood has a school where children learn, study and play. Schools also have playgrounds.
groceries: food items stationery: things such as paper, pens, pencils
Bus stop
Market
School
Find out the names of 2 schools and 2 hospitals in your neighbourhood.
Hospital
A hospital is where people go when they are sick. Many neighbourhoods have one. We see many doctors and nurses at the hospital who look after us. We also see ambulances there. Outside the hospital, there is a pharmacy where people buy their medicines.
Post Office
Rahul’s grandparents live in a different city. He has written a letter to his grandmother to tell her about his new pet dog. He plans to go with his father to the post office to mail the letter.
Have you ever been to a post office? At the post office, we put our letters in a big red postbox. We can also send money and parcels to people who live far away. We can buy stamps, envelopes and postcards at the post office. The postal workers hand us our letters.
ambulances: special vehicles used to take sick or injured people to hospital pharmacy: a shop where medicines are sold parcel: a small, wrapped bundle postcard: a card that you write a message on and send to somebody postal: of or relating to the mail or the post office
Hospital
Post office
Visit a post office with an elder. Buy some stamps from there. Paste them in your notebook. Show them in the class.
Police Station
A police station is where police officers work. They help people in trouble, solve crimes, and catch criminals and thieves to keep everyone safe. They also help us find our stolen things.
Did You Know?
We can dial 100 from the phone to call the police for help.
Fire Station
Firefighters work at a fire station. They ride in big red fire trucks to put out fires. Firefighters use a long hose to spray water and stop the fire. They also use big ladders to spray water on tall buildings.
Did You Know?
If there is a fire, we can call 101 to ask for help from the firefighters.
Bank
A bank is a place where people can keep their money safe. We can put our money in the bank, and the bank will keep it safe for us. We can also take out our money whenever we need it.
Some people also keep valuable things, like jewellery and important papers, in a bank.
We can take out cash from a machine called the ATM, which can be found inside or outside the bank.
hose: a long plastic or rubber pipe valuable: very expensive or important
Fire station
Police station
Keeping Our Neighbourhood Clean
We can take care of our neighbourhood by keeping it clean. We can keep it clean by doing these things.
• Do not litter.
• Pick up any waste we see on the ground and put it in a dustbin.
• Join in neighbourhood clean-up events.
• Plant trees.
Wonders of Bharat
Children cleaning the park.
India has the largest postal network in the world.
Word Splash
neighbours: people who live near our house neighbourhood: a place where we can find many houses, people and other important buildings market: a place with many shops
bus stop: a place where people get in or out of a bus school: where children study, learn and play hospital: a place where people go when sick, for treatment post office: a place from where you can post letters and parcels police station: a special building where police officers work fire station: a place where firefighters work a place where people can keep their money safely
Explore More!
Scan the QR code to know more about neighbourhood services.
litter: throw waste in a place where it does not belong
Points to Remember
• The area around our house is our neighbourhood.
• People who live in our neighbourhood are called neighbours.
• Shops, hospitals, police stations, banks and schools are some places in our neighbourhood.
• We should take care of our neighbourhood and keep it clean.
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct picture.
A. This is where we go to study.
B. This is where we go when we are sick.
2. Write True or False.
A. We buy stamps from a hospital.
B. We wait for a bus at a bus stop.
C. Firefighters work in a police station.
D. We can keep our money in the bank.
3. Fill in the blanks.
postal playground pharmacy shopkeeper
A. The person who sells things in a shop is called a .
B. Schools also have a .
C. A is where people buy medicines.
D. The workers deliver our letters and parcels.
4. Help these people reach the correct places.
A. Reema is very sick. Where will she go for the treatment?
B. Mr Verma wants to buy a shirt. Where will he go?
C. Meera has to post a letter. Where will she go?
D. Pooja has to keep her gold jewellery safe. Where will she go?
5. Write the phone numbers of these places.
Police station:
Fire station:
6. Answer the following questions.
A. What is a neighbourhood?
B. Write the names of three places in your neighbourhood.
C. Write two uses of a bank.
D. Write one way in which police officers help us.
Picture 1 Picture 2
A. Name the places shown in picture 1 and picture 2.
Picture 1:
B. Name the vehicle shown in Picture 1.
C. Name the vehicle shown in Picture 2.
Challenge (HOTS)
2:
If you could add a new place to your neighbourhood, what would it be? Why?
Life Skills
What will you do if you get lost in a market or a shopping mall?
Step 1: Stay calm and do not walk around.
Step 2: Find a security guard, watchman or a police officer and let him know that you are lost.
Step 3: Share with them your name and your parent’s phone number.
Step 4: Stay with them till your parents come.
Remember not to leave the place with anyone. ONLY go with your parents.
9 Our Festivals
Chapter Overview
Our Festivals
National Festivals Harvest Festivals Religious Festivals
Get Set
Look at the pictures. Write the names of the festivals shown in the boxes.
India is a land of festivals. Festivals are special days to celebrate and have fun with family and friends. Festivals are about sharing our happiness with each other. We also give gifts to our friends and relatives. We have three types of festivals: national, religious and harvest. Let us read about them.
National Festivals
National festivals are special days celebrated by the whole country. Let us read about some national festivals of India.
Independence Day
On August 15, 1947, India got its freedom from the British rule. We celebrate it as our Independence Day. Our prime minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort in Delhi.
Republic Day
On January 26, 1950, India became a republic. Every year on Republic Day, a big ceremony happens on Kartavya Path in New Delhi. Soldiers march in a grand parade there, and the national flag is raised on all government buildings and schools.
The Red Fort on Independence Day.
A Republic day parade.
celebrate: to show that a day or an event is important by doing something special hoists: to raise or pull up
Gandhi Jayanti
We celebrate 2 October as Gandhi Jayanti. Mahatma Gandhi was born on this day. He is called the Father of the Nation. On this day, people offer prayers at his samadhi at Raj Ghat, Delhi.
Pause and Answer
When do we celebrate the following?
Independence Day: Republic Day: Gandhi Jayanti:
Religious Festivals
A festival mostly celebrated by people of a particular religion is known as a religious festival. Let us learn about some religious festivals of India.
Holi
Holi is the Festival of Colours. People throw colours or gulal at each other. They eat sweets, play with colours and have fun. We should be careful while playing with colours and not hurt anyone. If someone says ‘No’, we should not throw colours at them.
Dussehra
Dussehra is also known as Vijay Dashami. We celebrate the victory of good over evil. On this day, Lord Ram killed Ravan, the ten-headed king of Lanka. Ramleela is
Effigies
Ramleela: performance of the Ramayana during Dussehra
A statue of Mahatma Gandhi.
Holi celebrations
performed in different parts of the country. Effigies of Ravan, Kumbhkaran and Meghnad are burnt.
Diwali
Diwali is also known as the Festival of Lights. It marks Lord Ram’s return to Ayodhya after 14 years. On this day, people clean their homes and wear new clothes. They decorate their homes with diyas, candles, lights and rangolis. People make and eat different types of sweets. They worship Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha.
Eid
Eid is celebrated after a month long fasting called Ramzan. People wear new clothes. They pray at mosques. They hug and greet each other by saying “Eid Mubarak”. On this day, a special sweet dish called sewaiyan is prepared.
Christmas
Christmas celebrates the birthday of Lord Jesus Christ on 25 December. Some people decorate Christmas trees in their homes. Some people bake plum cakes and exchange gifts on this day. Special prayers are held in churches.
effigies: models of a person or character rangoli: a pattern made with colours or flowers
Diwali celebrations
Eid celebrations
Christmas celebrations
Gurupurab
People celebrate Gurupurab on Guru Nanak’s birthday. On this day, people go to the gurudwaras to pray. They listen to the holy Guru Granth Sahib. Langars are organised in all the gurudwaras. Sweets are distributed. Candles are lighted.
Gurupurab celebrations
All people do not get to enjoy sweets and tasty dishes during festivals. What can you do with the extra, or leftover, food after the festival celebrations are over? We can donate the extra food to the poor people or share it with neighbours to spread joy and reduce food wastage.
Make a nice greeting card on any festival you like. Give it to your friend. Do and Learn
Harvest Festivals
Think and Tell India has many religious festivals. Can you name a few more?
People celebrate harvest festivals when the crops are ready to be cut. They are celebrated by different names in different parts of the country. Let us learn about some harvest festivals.
Onam
This harvest festival is celebrated in Kerala. On this occasion, Kerala has the world-famous snake-boat races. A special dish called payasam is made on this day. People celebrate this festival for ten days.
langar: the food provided at gurudwaras as charity
Snake-boat race
Pongal
It is the harvest festival of Tamil Nadu. It is celebrated for four days. The rain god, the sun god and the cow are worshiped on this day. People draw kolams to decorate their homes. Pongal, a special dish made of rice, milk and jaggery, is prepared on this day.
Baisakhi
It is the harvest festival of Punjab. Baisakhi marks the beginning of the new year. Good food, music and dance (Bhangra and Gidda) are all part of Baisakhi celebrations.
celebrations
Festivals are a time to have fun. People forget their sorrows and differences. Festivals bring people together in a spirit of sharing and happiness.
Wonders of Bharat
celebrations
During Diwali, people in Bharat light numerous lamps. The homes and neighbourhoods look beautiful.
Word Splash
national festivals: celebrations that are observed and enjoyed by the whole country
religious festivals: celebrations mostly held by people of a particular religion
harvest festivals: celebrations when crops are ready to be cut
kolam: decorative designs drawn on the floor
Bhangra and Gidda: dance forms
Pongal
Baisakhi
Explore More!
Scan the QR code to learn more about festivals.
Points to Remember
• On festivals, people get together to celebrate important days.
• We have three national festivals: Independence Day, Republic Day and Gandhi Jayanti.
• Holi, Dussehra, Diwali, Eid, Christmas and Gurupurab are some of our religious festivals.
• Onam, Pongal and Baisakhi are some of our harvest festivals.
Chapter Checkup
1. Tick ( ) the correct answer.
A. He is called the Father of the Nation.
Sardar Patel Mahatma Gandhi
Lal Bahadur Shastri
B. This sweet is especially made on the harvest festival of Tamil Nadu.
Cake Burfi Pongal
C. This sweet is especially made on Eid.
Laddoo Sewaiyan Kheer
2. Write True or False.
A. On Independence Day, the prime minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort.
B. We celebrate the victory of good over evil on Dussehra.
C. People throw water and gulal at each other on Diwali.
3. Fill in the blanks.
Kerala Ramzan Holi Lights
A. Eid is celebrated after a month of fasting called .
B. Diwali is also known as the Festival of .
C. is also known as the Festival of Colours.
D. Onam is the harvest festival of .
4. Match the following.
A. Baisakhi
B. Holi
C. Eid
a. Dish made of rice, milk and jaggery
b. 25 December
c. Harvest festival of Punjab
D. Christmas d. Festival of Colours
E. Pongal
5. Answer the following questions.
e. People pray in mosques
A. Name the three national festivals of India.
B. Where does the Republic Day parade take place?
C. What do we do on Diwali?
D. What happens during Gurupurab?
E. Which harvest festival is celebrated in Kerala?
6. Picture-based questions.
A. Name the festival shown in the picture.
B. Write one special thing about this festival.
C. Write one thing that we should NOT do on this festival.
Challenge (HOTS)
Which festival do you think has the most fun activities? What do you do on that festival?
PROJECT 1
My Family Tree
Objective: To create a family tree
Things Needed: Chart paper, markers, glue or tape, scissors and pictures of your family members
(Tip: Use scissors only with the help of an adult.)
Step 1: Draw Your Tree
On the chart, draw a big tree with branches. This will be your family tree!
Step 2: Add Family Members
Find pictures of your family members. You can use photographs or draw pictures of them. Cut them out and paste them onto the branches of your tree using glue or tape.
Step 3: Label Each Person
Write your relationship with each family member next to their picture. (e.g. mother, father).
Step 4: Decorate
Use your markers and colours to decorate the tree with leaves, flowers or anything that makes it special.
Project Output: Now you have your own family tree! Present it to your class.
Final Outcome: This fun project will help you learn more about your family and relationships.
To be read aloud and explained in the mother tongue by the teacher, as needed.
Assessment 1
Read the story. Look at the picture. Answer the questions below.
Maya Aunty runs a small tailoring shop. She has a daughter, named Leena. Leena lives in a small house with her mother. Leena loves spending time at her mother’s shop after school. She helps her mother by keeping all the threads in their boxes and folding clothes. Together, they make beautiful silk dresses, woollen sweaters and cotton shirts.
1. Which of these shops does Maya Aunty have?
A. Bakery
B. Toys
C. Tailoring
2. Which type of family does Leena have?
A. Joint family
B. Nuclear family
C. Single parent family
3. How does Leena help her mother?
4. Leena is going for a picnic with her mother in summers. What kind of clothes should they wear?
To be read aloud and explained in the mother tongue by the teacher, as needed.
Model Test Paper - 1
Name of the Student: Time: 1 Hour
1 Tick () the correct picture.
A Which is an indoor game?
B Which house is made of snow?
C Which of the following is a part of a first-aid box?
2 Fill in the blanks.
balanced grandmother hands
A We write with our .
B We should eat a meal.
C Grandfather’s wife is .
3 Match the following.
A Heart i Festival
B Christmas ii Pumping
C Wool iii Sheep
4 Write True or False.
A We can keep our money in the bank.
B Football is an indoor game.
C It is safe to play on the road.
5 Answer the questions.
A Name any 2 festivals of India?
B Give 1 example of each.
Energy-giving food:
Body-building food: Protective food:
C What can we do to take care of our house? Write any 1 point.
6 Picture-based questions.
A How many members are there in this family?
B What type of family is it?
Computers 1
A computer is like a magic box that can do lots of things for us! Let us learn more about it.
Uses of a Computer
We can:
play games learn new things on the internet talk to family and friends watch videos and listen to music
Parts of a Computer
Types of Computers
Usually placed on a desk or a table
be folded and carried around
Almost the size of a notebook
Is also a type of computer
Use computers to learn new things. Do not sit in front of the screen for too long because that can damage your eyes.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the pictures and the parts of the computer they show.
2 Read the clues to solve the crossword.
ACROSS
1. I help you point and click.
2. I am where you see words and pictures.
DOWN
1. I am a computer that fits in your lap.
2. I am a part of a computer. You hear songs on me.
3. I am a computer. Use me, but do not swallow me!
National Symbols 2
Each country has some symbols to represent them. These are called national symbols. Let us learn about the national symbols of our country, India!
The National Flag of India (Tiranga) has three colours: saffron, white and green. It has a blue wheel (Ashoka Chakra) in the middle.
The State Emblem of India shows four lions standing back to back. It is a symbol of power, bravery and pride.
The National Bird of India is the Indian peacock. It is a bird with long and colourful feathers.
The National Flower of India is the lotus. It is a pink flower that grows in water.
The National Anthem of India is Jana-ganamana. It was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
The National Animal of India is the Royal Bengal Tiger. It has yellow fur with black stripes.
The National Song of India is Vande Mataram. It was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
We should respect our national symbols. We should not hunt or kill birds and animals.
Practice Time
1 Fill in the blanks.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
Vande Mataram anthem Royal Bengal Tiger saffron
a The colours of our national flag are , white and green.
b Rabindranath Tagore was the writer of the national .
c Bankim Chandra Chatterji wrote the song .
d The is the national animal of India.
2 Complete this crossword with the help of the hints given.
ACROSS
1. Another name for the Indian national flag.
2. I am the national flower of India.
DOWN
1. I am the national animal of India.
2. I am the national bird of India.
Water Sports
Water sports are fun activities. We can enjoy them in swimming pools, lakes, rivers or seas. Let us learn about some water sports.
Swimming is a way to move in water by using our arms and legs. We use a swimsuit, a cap and goggles when we swim.
Rafting is to row a flat boat, called a raft, in water that is not deep. It is mostly done in a river.
Surfing is to ride on a sea wave by standing on a surfboard.
Scuba diving is to dive deeper into the sea. A tank of air and a mask are used to breathe underwater.
Kayaking is to row a narrow boat called a kayak. We use a double-sided paddle.
Snorkelling is to swim underwater but not very deep. A tube called a snorkel, is used to breathe underwater.
We should only do water sports when an adult is nearby. We should not make the water dirty while doing water sports.
Practice Time
1 Match the pictures and their names.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a Surfing
Snorkelling c Rafting
2 Read the clues and complete the crossword.
ACROSS
1. We move in a raft in water that is not so deep.
2. We move in pool water using our arms and legs.
DOWN
1. We use a narrow boat called a kayak.
2. We ride on a wave in the sea.
Our Safety 4
Staying safe is important. We can keep a few things in mind to stay safe inside and outside our homes.
Safety at Home
Do not play with fire inside or outside.
Do not play with sharp objects like scissors and knives.
Do not play with electric plugs and switchboards.
Safety Outside Home
Do not play near or on the road.
Always use a zebra crossing to cross the road.
Look to your left and right before crossing the road.
Do not touch hot vessels. Be careful near a gas stove.
Cross the road when the signal is red for the vehicles.
Safety rules teach us how to avoid getting hurt.
Discuss the safety rules that we should follow in school.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Look at the pictures. Put a cross ( ) below the actions that are NOT safe.
2 Fill in the blanks using words from the box. sharp zebra crossing hot vessels left
a Be careful near .
b Cross the road only at a .
c Look and then right before crossing the road.
d Do not play with objects.
Unique Birds and Animals
All animals are different. Some animals have special features that make them different. Let us learn about them.
The cheetah is the fastest animal.
The giraffe is the tallest animal.
The African elephant is the largest animal that lives on land.
The ostrich is the largest bird. It cannot fly but it can run very fast.
The hummingbird is the smallest bird. It can fly backwards too!
The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth. It is even larger than an elephant!
We should always be kind to animals. Name two other animals or birds that have special features. You may ask for your parents to help you look on the internet.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Match the animals with their unique features.
a Giraffe largest land animal
b Cheetah smallest bird
c Hummingbird fastest animal
d African Elephant tallest animal
2 Fill in the blanks. blue whale ostrich backwards
a Hummingbird can fly .
b The is the largest animal on Earth.
c The is a bird that cannot fly.
3 Join the dots and colour the animal.
India at the Olympics, 2024
The Olympics are the biggest sports event. People from more than 200 countries participate in them. They are held after every four years. The 2024 Olympics were held in Paris. India won six medals—1 Silver and 5 Bronze.
Neeraj Chopra won a silver medal in javelin throw.
Manu Bhaker and Sarbjot Singh won a bronze medal in shooting.
Swapnil Kusale won a bronze medal in shooting.
The Indian Hockey Team won a bronze medal.
Manu Bhaker won a bronze medal in shooting.
Aman Sehrawat won a bronze medal in wrestling.
The Olympics teaches us the importance of working together and working hard, whether we win or lose.
Practice Time
1 Tick ( ) the correct options.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a Where were the 2024 Olympics held?
i Delhi ii Paris
b Every how many years is the Olympics held?
i 4 years ii 2 years
c How many medals did India win in the 2024 Olympics?
i 6 medals ii 5 medals
d Which medal did Neeraj Chopra win in the 2024 Olympics?
i bronze ii silver
e Which medal did the Indian hockey team win?
i bronze ii silver
2 Look at the pictures. Name the sport these players play. Shooting Javelin Throw Wrestling Shooting
Our solar system has the Sun in the centre. There are eight planets moving around the Sun.
Mercury is the smallest planet. It is closest to the Sun.
Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system.
Venus is the hottest planet.
Earth is the only planet with life on it. It is called the blue planet.
Saturn is a planet with wide rings.
Mars is called the red planet.
Uranus and Neptune are far from the Sun. They are made mostly of ice and gas.
The Earth has a moon. With the help of the internet, find out if other planets also have their own moons.
Practice Time
1 Match the columns.
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
a Mars hottest planet
b Earth red Planet
c Mercury blue planet
d Venus largest planet
e Jupiter smallest planet
2 Who am I? Rearrange my name.
a I am a planet made up of gas and ice. (ETUNPEN)
I am the closest planet to the Sun. (URMERCY)
c I am the only planet that has life on it. (HARET)
d I am the planet with wide rings. (RUSNAT)
e I am the hottest planet in the solar system. (UNEVS)
3 Colour in the planets.
Traditional Indian Wear
People from different states of India have different traditional clothes. They are mostly worn during festivals. Let us learn about some of them.
Punjab
• The men wear kurta and pyjamas.
• The women wear a salwar kameez.
Maharashtra
• Men wear a dhoti and kurta. They also wear a turban called pheta.
• Women wear a long saree known as nauvari.
Tamil Nadu
• Men wear lungis and shirts.
• Women wear sarees.
Gujarat
• The men wear a dhoti with kurta or kediyu.
• The women wear chaniya choli.
Assam
• Men wear a dhoti and kurta.
• Women wear mekhela chador.
What is the traditional dress of your state? Find out!
West Bengal
• Men wear a kurta called panjabi with a dhoti.
• Women wear sarees. They have a different way of wearing the saree.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Sort the traditional dresses worn by men and women.
Dhoti and Kediyu Lungi Mekhela Nauvari Chaniya Choli Panjabi
Men
Women
2 Match the traditional dresses and the states they are worn in.
a Nauvari Punjab
b Chaniya Choli Maharashtra
c Panjabi Gujarat
d Salwar kameez West Bengal
3 Solve the crossword.
ACROSS
1. A long saree worn by women in Maharashtra.
2. A turban worn by men in Maharashtra.
DOWN
1. This is worn with a shirt by men in Tamil Nadu.
2. This is the traditional dress of women in states like West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
Indian Currency 9
The Indian Rupee is the form of money used in India. Its symbol is ₹.
In our country, we have paper notes. They have different values, such as 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 rupees. They are of different colours and sizes.
SPECIMEN SPECIMEN
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) prints the money as directed by the government.
We also have coins of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 rupees.
Different countries have different currencies.
This note is an American Dollar. It has a $ symbol on it.
With the help of the internet, find out the currencies of India’s neighbouring countries, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Tick ( ) the correct name.
a It is different in every country.
Currency Colours
b It is the form of money used in India.
Dollar Rupee
c In India, these have different values and colours.
Paper notes Envelopes
d It prints the Indian currency.
USA RBI
2 Look at the symbols. Name the country that the notes belong to. Then, colour them in.
India and Its Neighbours
The house next to ours belongs to our neighbours. The countries right next to India are called our neighbouring countries. Let us learn more about these countries.
This country is Pakistan. Its capital is Islamabad.
This country is called Afghanistan. Its capital is Kabul.
This country is Nepal. Its capital is Kathmandu.
This country is Bhutan. Its capital is Thimphu.
This country is China. Its capital is Beijing.
This country is Myanmar. Its capital is Naypyidaw.
This country is the Maldives. Its capital is Male.
This country is Sri Lanka. Its capital is Colombo.
This country is Bangladesh. Its capital is Dhaka.
Each country has different traditions, languages and food. We should respect the diversity of all the countries.
Practice Time
Scan this QR code to see the quiz.
1 Solve this crossword puzzle using the hints given.
ACROSS
1. I am the capital of Nepal.
2. I am the capital of Sri Lanka.
DOWN
1. I am the capital of Afghanistan.
2. I am the capital of Bangladesh.
2 Label these three countries on the map.
1. Computers
1.
2. Across: 1. MOUSE 2. MONITOR
Down: 1. LAPTOP 2. SPEAKER 3. TABLET
2. National Symbols
1. a. saffron b. anthem c. Vande Mataram
d. Royal Bengal Tiger
2. Across: 1. TIRANGA 2. LOTUS
Down: 1. TIGER 2. PEACOCK
3. Water Sports
1. a. Snorkelling b. Rafting c. Surfing
2. Across: 1. RAFTING 2. SWIMMING
Down: 1. KAYAKING 2. SURFING
4. Our Safety
1. a.
2. a. hot vessels
b. zebra crossing
c. left
d. sharp
5. Unique Birds and Animals
1. a. tallest animal b. fastest animal
c. smallest bird d. largest land animal
2. a. backwards b. blue whale c. ostrich
6. India at the Olympics, 2024
1. a. (ii) Paris b. (i) 4 years c. (i) 6 medals
2.
d. (ii) silver e. (i) bronze
Shooting
Javelin Throw Shooting Wrestling
7. The Solar System
1. a. red planet b. blue planet
c. smallest planet d. hottest planet
e. largest planet
2. a. NEPTUNE b. MERCURY c. EARTH
d. SATURN e. VENUS
8. Traditional Indian Wear
1. Men Women
Dhoti and Kediyu Lungi
Panjabi Mekhela Nauvari Chaniya Choli
2. a. Maharashtra b. Gujarat c. West Bengal d. Punjab
3. Across 1. NAUVARI 2. PHETA
Down
1. LUNGI 2. SAREE
Indian Currency
1. a. Currency b. Rupee c. Paper notes
d. RBI
2. a. India b. The United States of America
10. India and its Neighbours
1. Across
KATHMANDU 2. COLOMBO Down
1. KABUL 2. DHAKA 2.
NEPAL
PAKISTAN MYANMAR
About the Book
Introducing WISDOM, a 21st-century product for the learners of grades 1 and 2. It includes all curricular areas—English, Mathematics, Environmental Science and General Knowledge. WISDOM is aligned with the NEP 2020 in terms of its design principles, and fulfils all recommendations of the NCF 2022.
Key Features
Product Package
• Semester Books
• Uolo App
• Teacher Guide
• Focus on HOTS and Critical Thinking: Intellectually stimulating questions designed to encourage deep, analytical, critical and evaluative thought processes
• Digital Aids: Animated talking books, interactive quizzes for additional practice and curated learning videos
• Experiential and Applicative Learning: Projects and activities designed for real-life settings, like lab activities and community projects, to enable the development and practice of life skills
• Rootedness to India: Examples from India’s unique culture and history, linked to each topic, to inculcate a sense of pride and love for the nation
• Model Assessments: Test papers designed to evaluate the understanding of core concepts and the application of skills
About Uolo
Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.
ISBN 978-81-980824-1-1
