BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES PREK TAKONG 1, CHERNG EK GROUP 3, CHERNG EK GROUP 4, PHNOM PENH, CAMBODIA
PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
1
RAPID URBAN GROWTH ABOUT
1,952,239
3.16% ANNUALLY
POPULATION GROWTH
PHNOM PENH POPULATION
PHNOM PENH ADMINISTRATIVE SECTIONS
ABOUT
12 KHANS 96 SANGKATS 909 VILLAGES
ABOUT
23.4%
URBANIZATION NATIONAL LEVEL
UN World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision Annual Percentage Of Population In Urban Areas 1979
6%
1999
18.5%
2018
2035
2050
23.4% 31.8% 41.2%
SOURCES: 1. WORLD POPULATION REVIEW. 2. URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN PHNOM PENH, THE WORLD BANK GROUP 2017. 3. WORLD URBANIZATION PROSPECTS, THE 2018 REVISION. BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
2
PHNOM PENH EXPANSION
SOURCES: URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN PHNOM PENH, THE WORLD BANK GROUP 2017 BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
3
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
4
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS BARRIER - Low quality housing materials - Limited access to water and sanitation - Limited access to public services - Limited access to infrastructure such as road access, drainage and sewage systems - Hazard and disaster challenges - No land tittle and other legal documents.
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
5
URBAN POOR SETTLEMENT IN PHNOM PENH YEAR
NUMBER OF SETTLEMENT
8 KHANS SURVEYED
1997
379 settlements
2003
569 settlements
2009
410 settlements
2013
340 settlements
12 KHANS SURVEYED
2017
277settlements 18% decresed
Reason of settlement decreased: 1. Settlement getting smaller ( less than 10 houses ) 2. Better living condition 3. Settlements vanished due to development by Government or Private sector 4. Considered as part of larger settlement.
SOURCES: THE PHNOM PENH SURVEY, A STUDY ON URBAN POOR SETTLEMENT IN PHNOM PENH, STT, JULY 2018. BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
6
DOES DECREASE NUMBER MEANS NO MORE INFORMAL SETTLEMENT ?
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
7
URBAN POOR SETTLEMENT IN PHNOM PENH
5 NEW settlements WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? - 2 settlements from relocation sites ( settlement evicted from past location ). - 2 newly formed settlements. - 1 settlement from 4 adjacent established settlements had grown in size. WHERE IS THE INFORMAL SETTLEMENT LOCATED? - 47% Community living close to the body of water ( river, canal, lake and pond - natural or artifical ). - 17% Next to railway. - Vcant land - Old building structure - Official dumping site and so on. SOURCES: THE PHNOM PENH SURVEY, A STUDY ON URBAN POOR SETTLEMENT IN PHNOM PENH, STT, JULY 2018. BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
8
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS? - Urban Sprawl - Improper city planning - Complex settlement issues after khmer rouge regime. - Poverty - Rural migration for jobs in the city - No legal documents - Eviction and so on. YEAR OF SETTLEMENTS - Majority of settlements were established between 1979 - 2001. - Small proportion of the outer Khans settlements were established after 2002. - Inner Khans settlement increased its size due to high density.
SOURCES: THE PHNOM PENH SURVEY, A STUDY ON URBAN POOR SETTLEMENT IN PHNOM PENH, STT, JULY 2018. BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
9
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
10
HOUSING DEMAND 9.8 million Cambodians lack to decent housing. 1 million more homes by 2030.
SOURCES: HOUSING DESIGN CHALLENGE 2018 BY UNDP, PPSEZ AND BUILDING TRUST INTERNATIONAL BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
11
ADEQUATE DECENT HOUSING IN NEED
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
12
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
13
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
14
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
15
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES PREK TAKONG 1, CHERNG EK GROUP 3, CHERNG EK GROUP 4, PHNOM PENH, CAMBODIA
PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
16
LOCATION OF COMMUNITIES
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
17
PREK TAKONG 1 COMMUNITY - PROFILE Prek Takong 1 is the biggest out of the three target groups. It is not clear, when the community has settled by Boeung Tumpun lake, but according to the villagers, it was before 1960s. Due to a development of the construction of Hun Sen Boulevard and the largest development project of ING city, this community has been living under threat of eviction, and these threats have so much influence on the settlement dwellers life (this information has been communicated among their neighbors /villagers through rumor/ hearsay since 2009). Since infilling with the sand into to the lake, flooding in the community has intensified year by year, and residents in the communities suffered from water pollution and the crop yield decrease (water morning glory, water mimosa).​ *STT documents BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
18
PREK TAKONG 1 COMMUNITY - PROFILE Community area:
16 hectars Population:​
2628 people 1287 women 532 Families
7 community
groups
70% state water 30% private water 90% has toilet 10% no toilet 90% state electricity 10% private electricity * Based on STT community profiles BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
19
CHERNG EK GROUP 3 COMMUNITY - PROFILE This community is located on the public pond which was established during the early 1980s.The village head suggested that during the early 1980s, the village authority decided to dig a pond, with the size of about 1 hectare of land, for villagers to raise cattle. By the late 1980s, some villagers got married and formed new families. These new families decided to live on the public pond because the rest of the land had already been possessed. The village head suggested that most outsiders moved into Cheung Ek 3 community in earlier 2000s. Some bought the land from the earlier settlers and some claimed the land themselves. *STT documents
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
20
CHERNG EK GROUP 3 COMMUNITY - PROFILE Community area:
5.2 hectars Population:​
236 people 156 women 155 Families NO clean water 30% drink dwell water 10% drink boiled water 60% drink 20 litre bottle water type 40% has toilet 60% no toilet 50% state electricity 40% private electricity 10% candle light * Based on STT community profiles BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
21
CHERNG EK GROUP 4 COMMUNITY - PROFILE There are 45 families in the community. Main occupation of people in community are vendor, factory worker, motor-taxi driver etc.The community has a number of key challenges such as bad condition homes, toilet and sanitation, domestic violence, drug and land tenure. According to the village head, the land has been sub-divided over time due to the increase of the family members of the land owners and in-migrants. Some families have strong document (SlabMean) to prove their possession of land prior to 2001. Some families are still unclear about the legal rights to housing in the area. The community may also be vulnerable to satellite city development. *STT documents
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
22
CHERNG EK GROUP 4 COMMUNITY - PROFILE Community area:
2.5 hectars Population:​
157 people 95 women 45 Families NO clean water 50% drink unboiled water 40% drink boiled water dwell water 10% drink clean water 30 families has toilet 10 families has no toilet 40% state electricity 50% private electricity 10% candle light * Based on STT community profiles BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
23
PHNOM PENH LAND USE MASTER PLAN 2035 PRESERVATION ZONES, NATURE AND AGRICULTURE LOW DENSITY ZONE PARK AND ENTERTAINMENT prek takong
cherng ek group 4
1
cherng ek group 3
BUILDING AREAS
HIGH DENSITY HIGH DENSITY, ALONG THE ROAD AVERAGE DENSITY LOW DENSITY
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
LARGE SCALE PUBLIC BUILDING PAGODA PRESERVED LAKE
PRESERVATION ZONES, NATURE AND AGRICULTURE
LOW DENSITY ZONE PARK AND ENTERTAINMENT
FUNCTIONS
CULTURAL ENTERTAINMENT TREE PLANTATION AND CONSERVATION ព្រំប្រទល់បឹងទំពុន
ផ្លូវអភិវឌ្ឍប៉ះពាល់ដល់សហគម
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
BOENG TOMPUN LAKE BOUNDARY - STATE PUBLIC LAND ROAD DEVELOPMENT AFFECTING COMMUNITIES
24
SATELITE CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
prek takong
cherng ek group 4
1
cherng ek group 3
ING Holding Co., Ltd. was granted the major satellite city development project which is part of Phnom Penh municipal 2035 development plans. The master plan concerns Boeung Tumpun lake and the area south and east of it. Prek Takong1 and Cheung Ek group 3 communities are located within the plan’s boundary. Cheung Ek group 4 is not included in the zoning plan, however new planned road developments will definitely affect this community as well. ING Holding master plan development boundary road developments affecting Communities communities
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
25
LAND CATEGORY AND DEVELOPMENT IMPACT BOUNDARIES community boundary according to STT documentation ING Holding Co. satellite city development plan boundary Beung Cheung Ek classified state-public land boundary New road development AREAS - ASSUMPTIONS OF 2035 MASTER PLAN 30m wide road development area of public park LAND STATUS state-public land LAND CATEGORIES A-D - 121 households located on state-private land E - 3 households located on state-public land boundary F - 191 households located on state-public land BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
26
LAND CATEGORY AND DEVELOPMENT IMPACT BOUNDARIES community boundary according to STT documentation Beung Cheung Ek classified state-public land boundary New road development LAND STATUS state-private land occupied by non-community state-private land occupied by community ASSUMPTIONS OF MASTER PLAN FOR PHNOM PENH CITY 2035 30m wide road development area of public park LAND CATEGORIES B-D - 26 households located on state-private land F - 74 households located on statepublic land BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
27
LAND CATEGORY AND DEVELOPMENT IMPACT
BOUNDARIES community boundary according to STT documentation New road development LAND STATUS private land non-community ASSUMPTIONS OF MASTER PLAN FOR PHNOM PENH CITY 2035 30m wide road development LAND CATEGORIES A-D - 25 households, Community private land C-D - 13 households, Community private land
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
28
FIRST CONSULTATION
PREK TAKONG 1 GROUPS 5-7 CHOOSING THEIR PREFERENCES
PREK TAKONG 1 GROUPS 5-7 BUILDING A DREAM HOUSE
PREK TAKONG 1 GROUPS 5-7 VOTING FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT
LITTLE DESIGNERS
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
PREK TAKONG 1 GROUPS 1-4 DURING THE AFTERNOON SET
29
FIRST CONSULTATION
PREK TAKONG 1 GROUPS 5-7 - SECOND HOUSE MODEL
PREK TAKONG 1 GROUPS 5-7 - FIRST HOUSE MODEL
PREK TAKONG 1 GROUPS 1-4 - FIRST HOUSE MODEL
CHERNG EK GROUP 4 - SECOND HOUSE MODEL
PREK TAKONG 1 GROUPS 1-4 - SECOND HOUSE MODEL
CHERNG EK GROUP 4 - FIRST HOUSE MODEL
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
30
SECOND CONSULTATION
PREK TAKONG ANALYSING THE OPTIONS
PREK TAKONG VOTING FOR ITS PREFERENCES
CHERNG EK GROUP 4 ANALYZING THE STRATEGIES
CHERNG EK GROUP 3 DISCUSSING THE PROJECT
PREK TAKONG COMMENTING THE CHOICES
CHERNG EK GROUP 3 WRITING​THE FEEDBACK
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
31
THIRD CONSULTATION
THREE COMMUNITIES IN THIRD CONSULTATION
PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS
សហគមន៌ទាង ំ បីនៅក្នុងការពិភាក្សាល�ើកទីបី
ការធ្វើបទបង្ហាញអំពីយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រគម្រោងនិង ជម្រើសអភិវឌ្ឍន៌
PREK TAKONG AT THE PRESENTATION
COMMUNITIES LISTENING TO THE PRESENTATION
FINANCIAL DISCUSSION
សហគមព្រែកតាគង់នៅពេលធ្វប ើ ទបង្ហាញ
សហគមនៅពេលធ្វប ើ ទបង្ហាញ
ការពភា ិ ក្សាអំពីហរិ ញ្ញវត្ថុ
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
32
THIRD CONSULTATION
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
33
1 BOENG TOMPUN - FULL OF .
ATTRACTIONS, GREEN PUBLIC AREA IN THE CITY
2 CONNECTING .
COMMUNITITES
MAIN PROJECT ASSUMPTIONS 3. COMMON BUSINESS PLAN
$ 4
AFFORDABLE, VERSATILE, ADAPTED TO LOCAL CLIMATE HOUSING MODEL .
5 FINANCING FROM VARIETY 6 ARCHITECTURE AS A KEY .
.
FOR A SOCIAL CHANGE
OF SOURCES COMMUNITY COOPERATIVES
PRIVATE BUDGETS
DONATIONS
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
EDUCATION
PRIVATE SECTOR
$
LOANS
COMMUNITY BUSINESSES
MEDICAL CARE COMMUNITY GATHERINGS
SPORTS
WORKSHOP AREAS
PLAYGROUNDS COMMUNAL GARDENS
34
1. GREEN PUBLIC AREA IN THE CITY BOENG TOMPUN - FULL OF ATTRACTIONS, GREEN PUBLIC AREA IN THE CITY TOURISTS អ្នកទេសចរណ៌
PHNOM PENH AIRPORT អាកាសយាន្តដ្ឋាន
CITY CENTER HIGH INCOME
BOENG TOMPUN IN THE CENTRE OF ATTENTION, NEW FUNCTIONS FOR WIDE RANGE OF RECIPIENTS
កណ្ ដា លទីក្រុង
ប្រាក់ចំណូលខ្ពស់
LOW INCOME ប្រាក់ចំណូលទាប
CAMBODIANS ប្រជាជនកម្ពុជា NEW BUSINESS CENTER តំបន់អាជីវកម្មថ្មី
CITIZENS
The project faces current Phnom Penh’s problems as lack of public spaces and green areas. General concept is to preserve the natural character of the lake and create a multifuncional space open to public use. The project aims to attract people of diverse backgrounds, incomes and nations. It suggests new places to do sports outdoor and relax.
ប្រជាជន
OUTSKIRTS OF PHNOM PENH តំបន់ជាយភ្នំពេញ BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
FOREIGNERS ជនបរទេស
35
2. CONNECTING COMMUNITIES CONNECTING COMMUNITIES - ផ្សារភ្ជាប់សហគម MULTIFUNCIONAL PATH ABOVE THE LAKE The main attractive point of the lake development might be a multifuncional path connecting northern and southern lake shores. It provides transition for pedestrians only. While crossing the lake, the visitors will find variety of different activities on the way. Not only sports activities, but also many places to have rest and relax in natural, clean environment will be provided. The path is designed as a wooden pier on different levels in a shape inspired by scattered morning glory fields below. communities’ boundaries conceptual course of the path suggested platforms as lookingout points or activities areas
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
36
DO SPORTS - កីឡា
RELAX - លំហែ
DISCOVER - ស្វែងរក
WORK IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENT - ធ្វកា ើ រក្នុងបរស្ថា ិ នធម្មជាតិ
EXPERIENCE SOMETHING NEW - ទទួលបទពសោធ ថ្មី ិ
GET INSPIRED - ទទួលយកការបំផុសថ្មី
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
37
3. COMMUNITY BUSINESS PLAN COMMON BUSINESS PLAN COMMUNITIES AS MAIN POINT OF THE PROJECT prek takong groups
1-4
1
ព្រែកតាគង់ 1 ក្រុម 1-4
m M b A r a
prek takong groups
5-7
1
ព្រែកតាគង់ 1 ក្រុម 5-7
M A B
c m b c B br m m a r
cherng ek
cherng ek group
a
group
3
ជ�ើងឯកក្រុម 3
4
ជ�ើងឯកក្រុម 4
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
r
SUGGESTED DIVISION OF LAKE AREA morning glory cultivation no cultivation MORNING GLORY BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE morning glory center port A - Prek Takong 1 port B - Cherng Ek group 3 trip transfer cooking class local markets - morning glory distribution common areas for building boats and plastic bottle rafts canal system accomodation for rent restaurant
38
M
MORNING GLORY CENTER - មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលដាំត្រកួន កញ្ឆែ ត
learn in theory about morning glory - រ�ៀនអំពីការដាំដុះត្រកួន កញ្ឆែ ត
c
TRIPS WITH LOCAL GUIDES - ដំណ�ើរកំសាន្តជាមួយមគ្គុទ្ទេសក៍ feel as a morning glory cultivator - មានអារម្មណ៌ដូចជាអ្នកធ្វើចំការ
m
COOKING WORKSHOPS - ថ្នាក់បង្រៀនធ្វើម្ហូប
LOCAL MARKETS - ផ្សារ
morning glory distribution - បោះដុំត្រកួន
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
TRIPS ON PLASTIC BOTTLE RAFTS - ដំណ�ើរកំសាន្តជាមួយក្បូនធ្វពី ើ ផ្លាស្ទីក
eco alternative for traditional wooden boats - ជួយបរស្ថា ិ នអាចប្រើប្រាស់ជំនួសទូកឈ�បា ើ ន
r
RESTAURANTS - ភោជនីយដ្ឋាន
39
4. AFFORDABLE HOUSING MODEL
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
40
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
41
5. FINANCING FROM VARIETY OF SOURCE prek takong
prek takong
1
groups
1 groups 1-4
WHOLE AREA EARMARKED FOR REDEVELOPMENT 22 672.40m2 - 100% COMMUNITY REDEVELOPMENT 20 317.30m2 89,61% PRIVATE SECTOR 2 355.10 m2 - 10,39%
5-7
LOCATED ON STATE PUBLIC LAND - NO PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVED % cherng ek group
3
WHOLE AREA EARMARKED FOR REDEVELOPMENT 25329m2 - 100% COMMUNITY REDEVELOPMENT 12 258m2 - 62,69% PRIVATE SECTOR 7 295 m2 - 37,31%
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
cherng ek group
4
WHOLE AREA EARMARKED FOR REDEVELOPMENT 3 865 m2 - 100% COMMUNITY REDEVELOPMENT 2 477 m2 - 64,09% PRIVATE SECTOR 1 388.13 m2 35,91% 42
6. ARCHITECTURE , FACILITIES FOR SOCIAL CHANGE PROJECT ASSUMPTIONS - FUNCTIONS ADAPTED TO REAL NEEDS
prek takong groups
1-4
prek takong groups
5-7
1
1
1
FACILITIES FOR THE COMMUNITITES The fundamental thing in improving living standard is to satisfy basic human needs. Beside adequate housing conditions, these are undobtedly access to education and medical care. On the second place, these would be areas to excercise, which enables maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Basing on the collected data, in each location, the project suggests community centres with functions and size adapted to the proper needs. There are also communal gardens, playgrounds for children and sports courts provided in each community. It is undoubtedly the case, that common activities leads to integration which will afterwards empower communities’ position in the society.
2 3
cherng ek group
4
cherng ek group
3
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
43
6. ARCHITECTURE , FACILITIES FOR SOCIAL CHANGE
COMMUNITY CENTERS
COMMUNITY GARDENS
KIDS PLAYGROUND
DANCING PLAZA
SPORTS COURTS
SKATE PARK
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
44
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
45
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
46
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
47
THANK YOU!
BOENG TOMPUN COMMUNITIES - PARTICIPATORY INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING PROJECT
48