Gürcüce Fiiller Geniş Kapsamlı (Georgian Verbs Comprehensive) by Hüseyin Özer

First Edition

"#$%&'( )*+# ,$&'( Georgian Verbs Comprehensive

Written by Liam Campbell Edited by Revaz Shavladze !

f!t 1!

,#$-./( Table of Contents How to Use

The Georgian Alphabet

The Transliterated Alphabet

The Basics

Overview of Verb Types

Overview of Series and Screeves

Overview of Conjugations

Type One Conjugation Instructions

Type Two Conjugation Instructions

Type Three Conjugation Instructions

Type Four Conjugation Instructions

List of Verbs

Index of Verbs: Georgian

225

Index of Verbs: English

239

Appendix: Case Declensions, Postpositions

270

Objects Diagrams

274

How to Use In this book, each entry in the List of Verbs is in alphabetical order by English infinitive, written in block capitals. Where synonyms are applicable, these are listed next to the English infinitive but not in block capitals. A full index of synonyms is at the back of this book in the Index of Verbs: English section. Following that is the Index of Verbs: Georgian section, showing Georgian masdars / infinitives in alphabetical order. While this book assumes that the reader already has some understanding of Georgian, an overview of the Georgian verb types, screeves and conjugations will be discussed. It is recommended that this book be used in conjunction with the partnering manual, Georgian Language Comprehensive. There you will find more detailed explanations on Georgian verbs as well as other grammar topics and vocabulary lists. Prior to the List of Verbs are explanatory sections for: Understanding Georgian Verb Types, i.e. Type 1, 2, 3, or 4; for Understanding Georgian Verb Screeves, i.e. what each Georgian verb screeve conveys; and for Understanding Georgian Verb Conjugations, i.e. how to form each screeve. At the end of the book, there is an Appendix, where you will find a chart of case declensions, common postpositions, etc.

In the List of Verbs, only the full versions of the Present screeve (on the left) and Aorist screeve (on the right) are shown for each entry. Because the other screeves can be derived predictably from these two forms, only the affixes used are for other screeves are provided. These affixes are listed in the normal subject pronoun order (I, You, He/She/It, We, You, They). If the other screeve forms are irregular, however, then the full versions are provided. Next to the Georgian masdar / nominal form (similar to the idea of an infinitive), in parentheses, is the verb type (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4). Note that often a verb can be altered to conjugate in the style of another verb type; however generally the type of the most typical usage for the verb is given here. The preverb is indicated in the row marked ‘Fut’ (because the Future is formed generally by the prefixing of this preverb). Where a verb can use multiple preverbs or there is a Thematic Suffix (PFSF) alteration required, this will be indicated. More information on conjugating verbs is provided in the following sections. Before we begin, the next pages give the Georgian alphabet and corresponding transliteration (based on the 1981 “Romanization System” from the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN).

!"#$%& '()*+, -./012 3456789 :;<=>?@ !

a b g d e v t’ i k l m n o p zh r s t u p’ k’ gh q sh ch’ ts’ dz ts ch kh j h !

The Basics For those who wish to skip straight on to the List of Verbs, here are the basics… As mentioned, the full forms of the Present screeve are provided on the left; the Aorist (Past Simple) screeve forms are on the right. To form the Future Simple screeve, add the ‘Fut’ affix to the beginning of the Present forms. To form the Imperfect, add the appropriate affix from the row marked ‘Imp+Cond’ to the end of the Present form. To form the Optative, replace the Aorist endings (usually % / % / ! / %' / %' / %1) with the forms from the row marked ‘Opt’. To form the Conditional, add the ‘Fut’ affix to the beginning of the Present form plus add the ‘Imp+Cond’ affix to the end. To form the Present Subjunctive, add an affix from the row marked ‘Subj’ to the Present form. To form the Future Subjunctive, add the ‘Fut’ affix to the beginning of the Present form plus add the ‘Subj’ affix to the end. Note that In some cases the Thematic Suffix (aka PFSF – Past Future Stem Formant) will be different in the Future Tense. The most common Thematic Suffixes are ‘-+’, ‘%"’, and ‘!&’. When the Future requires a Thematic Suffix alteration, this will be indicated. Furthermore, sometimes the verb root is different in the Present and Future screeves. When this happens (you will know because the full Future forms will be shown), use the Future forms as the

basis for forming the Conditional and the Present as the basis for forming the Imperect. Also shown for most entries in the List of Verbs is the past participle (indicated as ‘P.P.’). This is the adjectival form of the verb. While it may be possible to derive a past participle from any verb, obscure or otherwise unusual-sounding examples are not provided here - and just because a past participle may sound fine in English, its Georgian counterpart may not. Finally, when using the personal pronouns (e.g. me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them) as objects, the general procedure is to place an affix between any Person Marker (and/or preverb) and the verb root. A few verbs in this book are shown with a full complement of Object Markers under the heading ‘Objects Diagram’. The usual Direct Object Markers are as follows:

Direct Object Markers Singular

Plural

1st Pers (me)

1st Pers (us)

0/-

2nd Pers (you)

3rd Pers (him /

3rd Pers (them)

her / it)

The usual Indirect Object Markers are as follows: Indirect Object Markers Singular 1st Pers (to

Plural

*(-

1st Pers (to us)

0/(-

0(-

2nd Pers (to

me) 2nd Pers (to you) 3rd Pers (to him / to her / to

you) &-

3rd Pers (to them)

it)

Overview of Verb Types In Georgian as in English, verbs are required to be conjugated in order to convey different times (e.g. past, present, future) or different subjects (e.g. I, you, he, we, they). The process of conjugation involves changing the spelling of the verb variously. In English for example one would conjugate the verb ‘to speak’ in the Present as “I speak”, “you speak”, “he speaks”, etc. – here the ‘s’ on the latter form is added to convey that the subject is third person singular. To use another English example… “I speak”, “I spoke” – here the spelling is changed in the latter to indicate that the action occurred in the past. If you are familiar with French, you will be aware that there are three main types of verbs, i.e. ‘ER’, ‘IR’ and ‘RE’ verbs, plus irregulars. These types are based on how they are conjugated. In Georgian there are four verb types (irregular verbs are scattered within any of the four types). These types are differentiatable by how they are conjugated but the primary division between types is based on their function. 1. Type One verbs are transitive. They have a direct object, i.e. someone or something that receives the action.

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2. Type Two verbs are intransitive. There is no direct object. They are often passive (e.g. “the game has started”, “the house was built”). Many other Type Two verbs are verbs of motion, e.g. ‘to go’ and ‘to run’ belong to this type.

3. Type Three verbs are medial. Many verbs that describe weather, light, sound, work and play belong to this group. Although mostly intransitive, a few do take a direct object.

4. Type Four verbs are indirect. Their most striking feature is that they take the Dative/Accusative case for the subject and the Nominative for the object. This is a reversal of the normal subject-object case relationship used with the other three verb types. In addition, word order when using a Type Four verb is generally SVO (Subject -> Verb -> Object). Verbs such as ‘to love’, ‘to like’, ‘to want’, and ‘to prefer’ belong to this type. Note that often a verb can be changed from one type to another by altering its conjugation pattern, thereby changing its function. This is most common when changing transitive (Type One) verbs to the passive voice (using Type Two).

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Overview of Series and Screeves In English grammar we use the word tense to describe the time (e.g. past, present, future) of a verb. In Georgian we refer to these as screeves, based on the Georgian term ‘+<)0(&(’. The term ‘tense’ is not used for Georgian since each conjugation pattern affects not only time but also mood and aspect.In Georgian there are eleven screeves, but some are archaic or very infrequently used. Only contemporary screeves are shown in this book (although arguably the subjunctive, which is included here, is not so commonly used). Each screeve belongs to a series. There are three series of Georgian Verbs. Each designates a particular type-case-screeve paradigm, meaning that the cases used for the subject and object nouns will vary depending on the series and the verb type. For example, in the Present series for Type One verbs, the subject goes into the Nominative case and the direct object goes into the Dat/Acc case. In the Aorist series for Type One verbs, the subject goes into the Ergative case and the direct object goes into the Nominative case. Screeves of the third series are effectively archaic so you need not worry about them here, although some mention of the Pluperfect screeve will be provided because it is used today with the verb ‘to be’ (‘7-4,!’).

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Georgian Verb Paradigm Series

Subseries

Screeve

Present

Present Imperfect (Past Continuous) Present Subjunctive (Conjunctive)

Future

Future Simple Conditional Future Subjunctive

Aorist

Aorist (Past Simple) Optative

Perfect

Present Perfect (First Evidential) Pluperfect (Second Evidential) Perfect Subjunctive (Third Evidential)

Verb Type-Case-Screeve Paradigm

Present Series

Aorist Series

Type One

Type Two

Type Three

Type Four

Subject

Nom

Dat/Acc

Object

Dat/Acc

Nom

Subject

Erg

Nom

Erg

Dat/Acc

Object

Nom

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THE PRESENT SERIES 1. The Present Screeve The Present screeve encompasses what in English are separately the Present Simple and Present Continuous tenses. Thus ‘+% /*&1#23’ means ‘I work’ (simple) or ‘I am working’ (continuous). 2. The Imperfect Screeve The Imperfect, also known in some languages as the Past Continous, is designated for past actions that were ongoing, continuous, habitual or not completed. Thus ‘+% /*&1#234(’ means ‘I was working’ or ‘I used to work’ or even ‘I worked’ (if the sentence contains information showing it as habitual, e.g. ‘I worked every day during the summer’). 3. The Future Simple Screeve The Future Simple screeve (known forthwith as the Future screeve) is used for actions that will occur in the future. Thus ‘+% /(*&1#/.3’ means ‘I will work’. 4. The Conditional Screeve The Conditional is used for potential or possible actions that are contingent upon some other event. In English they are proceeded

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by the word ‘would’. Thus ‘+% /(*&1#/.34(’ means ‘I would work’. 5. The Present Subjunctive Screeve The Present Subjunctive does not relate so much to tense / time but to mood. It refers to actions that are uncertain or hypothetical and are often used in a clause preceeding another clause that contains a verb in the Conditional screeve. Additionally, they are typically preceded by the word ‘0-+’, in this case meaning ‘if’. Thus ‘+% 0-+ 1!6!+-1 &*&1#234., >&!* 8%, (+38!&%"$(?’ means ‘If I were to work tonight, would you work tomorrow?’ In contemporary usage, the Aorist or Optative is typically used instead of the Present Subjunctive. 6. The Future Subjunctive Screeve The Future Subjunctive is the same as the Present Subjunctive except that it refers to potential / hypothetical actions in the more distant future. When the Future Subjunctive is used, the verb in the second clause will generally be in the Future rather than Conditional screeve. Thus ‘+%0-+ 1!6!+-1 /(*&1#/2, >&!* 8%, (+38!&%"?’ means ‘If I will work tonight, will you work tomorrow?’ Note that, as shown in the example, the Future Subjunctive and Present Subjunctive are often translated in the same way in English. Furthermore, it would be much more

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common to use the Present Subjunctive instead of the Future Subjuctive, with roughly the same meaning conveyed. As mentioned regarding the Present Subjunctive, however, neither screeve is much used in everyday Georgian.

THE AORIST SERIES 7. The Aorist Screeve The Aorist is known in English as the Past Simple tense, in French as the Passé Composé, in Spanish as the Preterite. It refers to completed actions in the past. Thus ‘+% /(*&1#/.’ means ‘I worked’. 8. The Optative Screeve The Optative has no direct equivalent in English nor in most other Western languages. The Optative screeve is used to convey some sense of modality such a desire, obligation, or possibility. If a verb in the Optative is placed after a verb in the Present or Future screeve, it will correspond roughly to the English infinitive (indeed often the nominal form of a Georgian verb can be used in place of the Optative). Thus ‘>&!* +% 3,$! /(*&1#/2’ means ‘I need to work tomorrow’.

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Used alone (not directly following another verb) it can be found in subordinate clauses introduced by the word ‘0-+’, which conveys the modalities prescribed above. Thus ‘1!=(0-!, $2* *. "%?('!$ /(*&1#/2’ means ‘It is necessary that I work dilligently’. The Optative is also used directly following the word ‘0-+’ to mean ‘in order to’. Thus ‘+% .!0(A8(+(&$( &!0, $2* /(,5#/'2’ means ‘I am going to Paris in order to work’. Finally, the Optative is used in questions to convey the idea “supposed to”. Thus ‘$6%1 +% /(*&1#/2?’ means ‘Am I supposed to work today?’

THE PERFECT SERIES 9. The Present Perfect Screeve The Present Perfect is not commonly used contemporarily. Instead most prefer to use other “simpler” screeves to convey the same idea. In English, it refers to past actions that are still ongoing, e.g. “I have been working here for five years”, ‘I have been waiting here for five hours’. Just use the Aorist and achieve the nuanced meaning via context.

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10. The Pluperfect Screeve The Pluperfect screeve is used to express completed past actions that occurred before another stated past action. In English it is formed using the Past Simple conjugation of ‘to have’ plus a verb in the past participle, e.g. “I had worked”, “I had seen”, etc. For example, an English sentence using the Pluperfect (with the Pluperfect underlined) would be “I had seen the film already when she invited me to the cinema”. In contemporary Georgian it usually suffices to use the Aorist or Imperfect screeves for this purpose, with the temporal condition expressed using adverbs such as ‘already’ (‘3)&%’), ‘before’ (‘!$0%’), etc. Sometimes the Pluperfect can be used in place of the Subjunctive screeves or Optative screeve when it is necessary to highlight those verbs in the past. However, the Pluperfect is used in contemporary Georgian with the verb ‘to be’ (‘7-4,!’). 11. The Perfect Subjunctive Screeve The Perfect Subjunctive is also not used in contemporary Georgian. It refers to unlikely or hypothetical actions in the past that have ongoing present consequences.

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Note that for brevity none of the forms of the Perfect Series screeves will be provided in this book (apart from â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;7-4,!â&#x20AC;&#x2122; in the Pluperfect). Due to their lack of contemporaneous usage, this should hopefully be no great loss for readers.

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Overview of Conjugations Conjugating verbs in Georgian involves adding markers. These are letters or groups of letters that are prefixed (placed at the beginning), suffixed (placed at the end), infixed (inserted within a word) or circumfixed (some letters are placed at the beginning and some at the end) to the verb root. The first type of marker is a Person Marker, which indicates who is performing the verb, i.e. first person, second person or third person. Next is a Time & Number Marker (TN Marker). This indicates the time of a verb, e.g. present, past, future, etc. and also the number of the subject performing the verb, i.e. singular or plural. In general the Person Markers do not change across screeves, but the TN Markers do. Most markers may have some variance however depending on verb type as well, with Type 4 verbs being most unlike the others. In English and in many Western languages, the most basic form of the verb is the infinitive. This is the form that you find in a dictionary before any conjugations are made. In English, ‘to speak’ is the infinitive; in French this is ‘parler’. ‘He spoke’ is a conjugated form derived from the infinitive. In Georgian there is no infinitive as such. Instead the form most akin is called the masdar. It is also

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referred to as the nominal form because in essence this is a form of a verb that can be used as a noun, kind of like a gerund. Unfortunately, there is no way to predictably know how to conjugate a verb based on the form of the masdar. Therefore, for each verb it is necessary to learn the second person singular Present screeve form, known henceforth as the neutral form. Because this form bears no Person or TN Markers, the conjugations for other persons and screeves can be derived more or less systematically by adding markers. For Type Four verbs, the second person is not strictly neutral (because it does bear markers). For Type Four verbs, the third person singular Present screeve form is the key form to remember, although it is not strictly neutral either. Note also that there the second person singular Present screeve form of Type Two verbs is also not strictly neutral because there is a TN Marker present. Therefore, in order to derive a “true” neutral form, it is best to remove the final ‘(’ from the 2nd person singular Present screeve form and then adapt the Markers for other screeves and persons. In addition, Type Two verbs are also known for having an infix ‘-(-’ or ‘-$-’ (or occasionally neither). When the infix ‘-$-’ is prescribed, it is placed immediately before the Thematic Suffix (usually ‘-%"’ for Type Two verbs). When the infix

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â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;-(-â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; is prescribed, it is placed immediately before the verb root (and after any Preverb or Person Marker). In the below charts showing the Person and Time Markers, use the neutral form as your starting point and then add the marker affixes to form the other conjugations.

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Person Markers The Person Markers are constant across screeves but vary somewhat between verb types. Generally, the Person Markers for Type 1, 2, and 3 verbs are the same and only exist for the first person, for which they take the form of the prefix â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;&-â&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Note that although the â&#x20AC;&#x201C;' suffix in the first and second person plural forms are often considered by linguists to be part of the Person Marker, I find it more helpful for consistency or conjugation pattern to consider them as part of TN Markers.

Person Markers: Type 1, 2, 3 Singular

Plural

1st Pers (+%)

1st Pers (9&%,)

2nd Pers (8%,)

N/A

2nd Pers ('5&%,)

N/A

3rd Pers ((1)

N/A

3rd Pers ((1(,()

N/A

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Person Markers: Type 4 Singular st

1 Pers (+%)

Plural st

1 Pers

0/-

(9&%,) 2nd Pers (8%,)

2nd Pers

('5&%,) 3rd Pers (+!1)

N/A*

3rd Pers

N/A*

(+!')

* Note that for Type Four verbs there is sometimes no third person Person Marker, but sometimes there is. When a Person Marker exists, it is the same for singular and plural. Usually it will be ‘1-’ or ‘@-’. In the latter case, in modern spoken Georgian, the ‘@-’ is almost always dropped (meaning there is essentially no Person Marker), and sometimes it is also dropped in writing.

TN Markers The TN Markers (Time and Number Markers) vary both across screeves and verb types. In addition, there are sometimes irregularities within some mostly-regular verbs. Any irregularities are shown for each entry in the List of Verbs.

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1. The Present Screeve To form the Present screeve, use the neutral form, add the Person Markers and then add the following Present Time Markers. If the Thematic Suffix for Type One verbs is -(, then the 3rd person plural time marker will be -(!,.

1st Pers S 2nd Pers S 3rd Pers S 1st Pers P 2nd Pers P 3rd Pers P

Present Screeve Time Markers Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 -( -! -( -! -1 -! -1 -! -' -(' -' -! -' -(' -' -!' -%, -(!, -%, -!'

2. The Imperfect Screeve To form the Imperfect screeve, use the neutral form (second person singular Present screeve), add the Person Markers and then suffix the following Imperfect Time Markers.

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1st Pers S 2nd Pers S 3rd Pers S 1st Pers P 2nd Pers P 3rd Pers P

Imperfect Screeve Time Markers Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 -$( --$( -$( --$! -$( --$( -$( --$! -$! --$! -$! --$! -$(' --$(' -$(' --$! -$(' --$(' -$(' --$!' -$,%, --$,%, -$,%, --$!'

3. The Future Simple Screeve To form the Future, use the neutral form, prefix it with a preverb (shown in the charts as ‘Pv-'), follow that directly with a Person Marker, and then add the Future suffix to the end. For Type 1, 2, and 4 verbs, the preverb is derived from the first few letters of the masdar before the root begins. Sometimes other preverbs can be used to convey altered meanings. Common preverbs are $!-, #!-, !-. 9!-, #!+--, +--, +(-, <!-, etc. For Type 3 verbs, the “preverb” (although not technically a preverb) is usually always the letter ‘(’ but occasionally is ‘3’. Another anomaly of Type 3 verbs is that conjugation to the Future screeve also requires a change to the Thematic Suffix. For Type 3 verbs in the Future screeve, the

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Thematic Suffix (usually --") must be dropped and then replaced with -%".

Future Simple Screeve Time Markers Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1st Pers S PvPv-( (-!" Pv- -%"! 2nd Pers S PvPv-( (-!" Pv- -%"! rd 3 Pers S Pv-1 Pv-! (-!"# Pv- -%"! st 1 Pers P Pv-' Pv- -(' (- -!"$ Pv- -%"! 2nd Pers P Pv-' Pv- -(' (- -!"$ Pv- -%"!' rd 3 Pers P Pv-%, Pv- -(!, (- -!"!% Pv- -%"!'

4. The Conditional Screeve The form of the Conditional is basically a combination of the Imperfect and Future markers. Essentially, a preverb is used as the prefix and the Imperfect Time Markers are used as the suffix. For Type Three verbs, the ‘--"’ PFSF will drop and you will add ‘-%"’. The Person Markers are the same.

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1st Pers S 2nd Pers S 3rd Pers S 1st Pers P 2nd Pers P 3rd Pers P 1st Pers S 2nd Pers S 3rd Pers S 1st Pers P 2nd Pers P 3rd Pers P

Conditional Screeve Time Markers Type 1 Type 2 Pv-$( PvPv-$( PvPv-$! PvPv-$(' PvPv-$(' PvPv-$,%, PvType 3 Type 4 Pv-%"$( PvPv-%"$( PvPv-%"$! PvPv-%"$(' PvPv-%"$(' PvPv-%"$,%, Pv-

--$( --$( --$! --$(' --$(' --$,%, --$! --$! --$! --$! --$!' --$!'

5. The Present Subjunctive Screeve The Present Subjunctive is formed like the Imperfect, except that the Time Markers are different.

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Present Subjunctive Screeve Time Markers Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1st Pers S -$% -$% -$% -$%1 nd 2 Pers S -$% -$% -$% -$%1 rd 3 Pers S -$%1 -$%1 -$%1 -$%1 st 1 Pers P -$%' -$%' -$%' -$%1 2nd Pers P -$%' -$%' -$%' -$%' 3rd Pers P -$,%, -$,%, -$,%, -$%'

6. The Future Subjunctive Screeve The Future Subjunctive is formed like the Present Subjunctive, except that a Preverb is also added. As per usual with Type Three verbs, ‘--"’ will be removed and ‘%"’ will be added.

Future Subjunctive Screeve Time Markers Type 1 Type 2 1st Pers S Pv-$% Pv2nd Pers S Pv-$% Pvrd 3 Pers S Pv-$%1 Pvst 1 Pers P Pv-$%' Pv2nd Pers P Pv-$%' Pvrd 3 Pers P Pv-$,%, Pv-

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-$% -$% -$%1 -$%' -$%' -$,%,

Future Subjunctive Type 3 1st Pers S Pv2nd Pers S Pvrd 3 Pers S Pvst 1 Pers P Pv2nd Pers P Pvrd 3 Pers P Pv-

Screeve Time Markers Type 4 -%"$% Pv-$%1 -%"$% Pv-$%1 -%"$! Pv-$%1 -%"$(' Pv-$%1 -%"$(' Pv-$%' -%"$,%, Pv-$%'

7. The Aorist Screeve The Aorist Screeve is formed first by adding a preverb, then any applicable Person Marker, then the Thematic Suffix is removed entirely, and then the Aorist Time Markers are suffixed. Note that Type 4 verbs are often irregular in the Aorist screeve. Often in fact the Imperfect forms are used when no separate Aorist forms exist, or vice versa.

1st Pers S 2nd Pers S 3rd Pers S 1st Pers P 2nd Pers P 3rd Pers P !

Aorist Screeve Time Type 1 Type 2 Pv-% Pv-( Pv-% Pv-( Pv-! Pv-! Pv- -%' Pv- -(' Pv- -%' Pv- -(' Pv-%1 Pv- -,%, 30!

Markers Type 3 Type 4 Pv-% Pv-! Pv-% Pv-! Pv-! Pv-! Pv- -%' Pv-! Pv- -%' Pv- -!' Pv-%1 Pv- -!'

8. The Optative Screeve The Optative Screeve is formed like the Aorist but with different Time Markers.

1st Pers S 2nd Pers S 3rd Pers S 1st Pers P 2nd Pers P 3rd Pers P

Optative Screeve Time Markers Type 1 Type 2* Type 3 Type 4 Pv-- Pv-% Pv-- Pv-%1 Pv-- Pv-% Pv-- Pv-%1 Pv- --1 Pv-%1 Pv- --1 Pv-%1 Pv- --' Pv- -%' Pv- --' Pv-%1 Pv- --' Pv- -%' Pv- --' Pv- -%' Pv- --, Pv- -,%, Pv- --, Pv- -%'

* Note that sometimes the Aorist Time Markers for Type Two verbs are -% / -% / -! / -%' / -%' / -,%,. When this is the case, the Optative Markers will be -- / -- / --1 / --' / --' / --,.

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Type ONE Verb Conjugation Instructions Here is the type one verb ‘#!)%'%"!’ taken from the List of Verbs section. The full forms of the Present screeve are shown on the left and the full forms of the Aorist screeve are shown on the right.

to DO / to make / to fix / to prepare 0#6.%.3# (1) &!)%'%" !)%'%" !)%'%"1 &!)%'%"' !)%'%"' !)%'%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!)%'% #!!)%'% #!!)%'! #!&!)%'%' #!!)%'%' #!!)%'%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!)%'%"3*(

To form the Future screeve, add ‘#!’ to the beginning of the Present forms. To form the Imperfect, remove the final one or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) of the Present forms and add the endings ‘$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%,’ to the ends of the Present forms. To form the Conditional, add ‘#!’ to the beginning AND

remove the final one or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) of the Present forms and add the endings ‘$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%,’ to the ends of the Present forms. To form the Optative screeve,

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remove the final one or two letters from the Aorist forms and replace with ‘- / - / -1 / -' / -' / -,’. To form the Present Subjunctive screeve, remove the final one or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) from the

Present forms and add ‘$% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,’ to the Present forms. This is how conjugation for Type One verbs works throughout this book. Where there are irregularities, they are indicated.

For example, here are the derived forms for the first person singular using this verb:

Present:

+% &!)%'%"

I make / I am making

Future:

+% #!&!)%'%"

I will make

Imperfect:

+% &!)%'%"$(

I was making

Conditional:

+% #!&!)%'%"$(

I would make

Aorist:

+% #!&!)%'%

I made

Optative:

+% #!&!)%'-

(e.g.) I am supposed to make

Subjunctive:

+% &!)%'%"$%

If I were to make

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Type TWO Verb Conjugation Instructions Here is the type two verb ‘#!"0!A%"!’ taken from the List of Verbs section.

to get ANGRY 0#3$#).3# (2) &"0!A$%"( "0!A$%"( "0!A$%"! &"0!A$%"(' "0!A$%"(' "0!A$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&"0!A$( #!"0!A$( #!"0!A$! #!&"0!A$(' #!"0!A$(' #!"0!A$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, #!"0!A%"3*(

To form the Future screeve, add ‘#!’ to the beginning of the Present forms. To form the Imperfect, remove the final one or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) from the Present forms and replace with the endings ‘-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%,’. To form the Conditional, add ‘#!’ to the beginning AND

remove the final one or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) from the Present forms and replace with the endings ‘-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%,’. To form the Optative screeve, remove the final one or two letters from the Aorist forms and replace with ‘% / % / %1 /

34!

%' / %' / ,%,’. To form the Present Subjunctive screeve, remove the

final one or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) from the Present forms and replace with the endings ‘-$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%,’.

For example, here are the derived forms for the first person singular using this verb:

Present:

+% &"0!A$%"(

I get angry / I am getting angry

Future:

+% #!&"0!A$%"(

I will get angry

Imperfect:

+% &"0!A$%"-$(

I was getting angry

Conditional:

+% #!&"0!A$%"-$( I would get angry

Aorist:

+% #!&"0!A$(

I got angry

Optative:

+% #!&"0!A$%

I am supposed to get angry

Subjunctive:

+% &"0!A$%"-$%

If I were to get angry

35!

Type THREE Verb Conjugation Instructions Here is the type three verb ‘%=&(’ taken from the List of Verbs section.

to DOUBT .7/( (3) &%=&-" %=&-" %=&-"1 &%=&-"' %=&-"' %=&-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(%=&% (%=&% (%=&! &(%=&%' (%=&%' (%=&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!%=&%"3*(

To form the Future screeve, insert ‘(’ between the Person Marker and the verb root of the Present forms AND change the Thematic Suffix ‘-"’ to ‘%"’. To form the Imperfect, remove the final one or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) from the Present forms and replace with the endings ‘$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%,’. To form the Conditional, insert ‘(’ between the Person Marker and the

verb root of the Present forms AND change the Thematic Suffix ‘-"’ to ‘%"’ AND remove the final one or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) and replace with the endings ‘$( / $( / $! / $('

36!

/ $(' / $,%,’. To form the Optative screeve, remove the final one or two letters from the Aorist forms and replace with ‘- / - / -1 / -' / -' / -,’. To form the Present Subjunctive screeve, remove the final one

or two letters (after the Thematic Suffix) from the Present forms and replace with the endings ‘$% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,’.

For example, here are the derived forms for the first person singular using this verb:

Present:

+% &%=&-"

I doubt / I am doubting

Future:

+% &(%=&%"

I will doubt

Imperfect:

+% &%=&-"$(

I was doubting

Conditional:

+% &(%=&%"$(

I would doubt

Aorist:

+% &(%=&%

I doubted

Optative:

+% &(%=&-

(e.g.) I am supposed to doubt

Subjunctive:

+% &%=&-"$%

If I were to doubt

37!

Type FOUR Verb Conjugation Instructions Many Type Four verbs are somewhat irregular, so the full forms will be shown in this book. A more regular verb, outlined here, is the verb ‘1(:>%’ taken from the List of Verbs section.

to be HOT ,(!8. (4) +:>%*! #:>%*! 1:>%*! #&:>%*! #:>%*!' 1:>%*!'

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!+:>! $!#:>! $!1:>! $!#&:>! $!#:>!' $!1:>!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%'

To form the Future screeve, add the preverb ‘$!’ to the beginning of the Present forms AND change the endings from ‘%*! / %*! / %*! / %*!' / %*!'’ to ‘%"! / %"! / %"! / %"! / %"!' / %"!'’. To form the Imperfect, remove the final one or two letters from the Present forms and add ‘-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%,’. To form the Conditional, add the preverb ‘$!’ to the

beginning of the Present forms AND change the endings from ‘%*! / %*! / %*! / %*!' / %*!'’ to ‘%"-$( / %"-$( / %"-$! /

38!

%"-$(' / %"-$(' / %"-$,%,’. To form the Optative screeve, remove the final one or two letters from the Aorist forms and replace with ‘%1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %'’. To form the Present Subjunctive screeve,

remove the final one or two letters from the Present forms and replace with the endings ‘-$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%'’. Note that often it makes more sense to use the Aorist instead of the Imperfect with Type Four verbs.

For example, here are the derived forms for the first person singular using this verb:

Present:

+% +:>%*!

I am hot

Future:

+% $!+:>%"!

I will be hot

Imperfect:

+% +:>%*-$(

I was hot

Conditional:

+% $!+:>%*%"-$(

I would doubt

Aorist:

+% $!+:>!

I was hot

Optative:

+% $!+:>%1

(e.g.) I am supposed to be hot

Subjunctive:

+% +:>%*-$%1

If I were to be hot

39!

)*+.3(, ,(# List of Verbs

40!

to be ABLE / “can” 1.(9'.3# (4)

Future

8%+(;*(! 8%#(;*(! 8%3;*(! 8%#&(;*(! 8%#(;*(!' 8%3;*(!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+%;*%"! 8%#%;*%"! 8%%;*%"! 8%#&%;*%"! 8%#%;*%"!' 8%%;*%"!'

Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+%;*8%#%;*8%%;*8%#&%;*8%#%;*-' 8%%;*-'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&;*%"$( / 8%;*%"$( / 8%;*%"$! / 8%&;*%"$(' / 8%;*%"$(' / 8%;*%"$,%, -1 / -1 / -1 / -1 / -' / -' 8%&;*%"$%1 / 8%;*%"$%1 / 8%;*%"$%1 / 8%&;*%"$%1 / 8%;*%"$%' / 8%;*%"$%' It is very common to use the ‘infinitive’ form instead of conjugated forms, e.g. “8%(;*%"! &('!+!8-” (“Is it possible that I play?”) instead of “8%+(;*(! &('!+!8-” (“Can I play?”). While both are correct, and the latter sounds more typical in English, the former is more typical in Georgian

41!

to ABOLISH / to do away with / to eliminate / to eradicate 0#&"*.3# (1) &!35+%" !35+%" !35+%"1 &!35+%"' !35+%"' !35+%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!35+% #!!35+% #!!35+! #!&!35+%' #!!35+%' #!!35+%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!35+%"3*(

to get ACCUSTOMED to / to get used to 1.-/./# (1) &%9&%&( %9&%&( %9&%&! &%9&%&(' %9&%&(' %9&%&(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, (, 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%&%9&(% 8%%9&(% 8%%9&(! 8%&%9&(%' 8%%9&(%' 8%%9&(%,

8%- / +(-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%9&%3*( It is also common to use +(- instead of 8%- as a preverb which conveys a sense of having learned or made some amount of effort in order to get used to something

42!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to ADD 4#*#:.3# (1) &!+!2%" !+!2%" !+!2%"1 &!+!2%"' !+!2%"' !+!2%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!+!2% $!!+!2% $!!+!2! $!&!+!2%' $!!+!2%' $!!+!2%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+!2%"3*(

to be AFRAID / to fear 1(1( (4) +% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+%8(,$! 8%#%8(,$! 8%%8(,$! 8%#&%8(,$! 8%#%8(,$!' 8%%8(,$!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+%8(,$%"! 8%#%8(,$%"! 8%%8(,$%"! 8%#&%8(,$%"! 8%#%8(,$%"!' 8%%8(,$%"!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+%8(,$%1 8%#%8(,$%1 8%%8(,$%1 8%#&%8(,$%1 8%#%8(,$%' 8%%8(,$%'

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

Use Aorist forms. $! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' -1 / -1 / -1 / -1 / -' / -' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%'

43!

Optative

Future

+%8(,(! #%8(,(! %8(,(! #&%8(,(! #%8(,(!' %8(,(!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to make AFRAID / to scare 1(1( (1) &!8(,%" !8(,%" !8(,%"1 &!8(,%"' !8(,%"' !8(,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!8(,% $!!8(,% $!!8(,! $!&!8(,%' $!!8(,%' $!!8(,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to AGREE %#+8*23# (1) &%'!,>+%"( %'!,>+%"( %'!,>+%"! &%'!,>+%"(' %'!,>+%"(' %'!,>+%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&%'!,>+% $!%'!,>+% $!%'!,>+! $!&%'!,>+%' $!%'!,>+%' $!%'!,>+,%,

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%'!,>+%"3*(

44!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to ALLOT / to partition / to apportion out / to divvy up / to divide out 0#;2<# (1) &7-4 7-4 7-41 &7-4' 7-4' 7-4%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&7!&( #!7!&( #!7#!&7!&(' #!7!&(' #!7&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 /-' / -' / -' $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, Try not to confuse with the similar verb ‘$!7-4!’ (‘to separate’ / ‘to divide’). Present forms for both are the same however.

to get ANGRY 0#3$#).3# (2) &"0!A$%"( "0!A$%"( "0!A$%"! &"0!A$%"(' "0!A$%"(' "0!A$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&"0!A$( #!"0!A$( #!"0!A$! #!&"0!A$(' #!"0!A$(' #!"0!A$,%,

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, #!"0!A%"3*(

45!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to ANNIHILATE / to slaughter / to exterminate 0#='.:# (1) &/*%2 /*%2 /*%21 &/*%2' /*%2' /*%2%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&/*(2% #!/*(2% #!/*(2! #!&/*(2%' #!/*(2%' #!/*(2%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!/*%2(*(

to ANSWER / to reply / to respond >#,&8( (3) &.!13>-" .!13>-" .!13>-"1 &.!13>-"' .!13>-"' .!13>-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&3.!13>% 3.!13>% 3.!13>! &3.!13>%' 3.!13>%' 3.!13>%1

3-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, .!13>#!:%+3*(

46!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to APPEAR / to show up / to turn up 0#*2-.+# (2) &9,$%"( 9,$%"( 9,$%"! &9,$%"(' 9,$%"(' 9,$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!+-&9,$( #!+-9,$( #!+-9,$! #!+-&9,$(' #!+-9,$(' #!+-9,$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!+--$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%,

to APPLAUD / to clap :#1(, 4#6/$# (1) 2!81 &3)0!& 2!81 3)0!& 2!81 3)0!&1 2!81 &3)0!&' 2!81 3)0!&' 2!81 3)0!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

2!8( $!&3)!0( 2!8( $!3)!0( 2!8( $!3)0! 2!8( $!&3)!0(' 2!8( $!3)!0(' 2!8( $!3)0%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

47!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to APPOINT / to grant / to nominate 4#+(1/+# (1) &,(8,!& ,(8,!& ,(8,!&1 &,(8,!&' ,(8,!&' ,(8,!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&,(8,% $!,(8,% $!,(8,! $!&,(8,%' $!,(8,%' $!,(8,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!,(8,3*(

to APPRECIATE / to value / to give a price to 4#<#,.3# (1) &!4!1%" !4!1%" !4!1%"1 &!4!1%"' !4!1%"' !4!1%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!4!1% $!!4!1% $!!4!1! $!&!4!1%' $!!4!1%' $!!4!1%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 4!1%3*( (valued)

48!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to APPROACH / to come close to / to get near to *(#8'2.3# (2) &3!>*-&$%"( 3!>*-&$%"( 3!>*-&$%"! &3!>*-&$%"(' 3!>*-&$%"(' 3!>*-&$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+(&3!>*-&$( +(3!>*-&$( +(3!>*-&$! +(&3!>*-&$(' +(3!>*-&$(' +(3!>*-&$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+(-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, This verb is for physical location only. See also ‘$!!>*-%"!’ (‘to become close’)

to ARGUE / to debate 6#*#%( (3) &)!+!'-" )!+!'-" )!+!'-"1 &)!+!'-"' )!+!'-"' )!+!'-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&()!+!'% ()!+!'% ()!+!'! &()!+!'%' ()!+!'%' ()!+!'%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

49!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to ASK / to query / to question 6(%8/# (1) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&()('>% ()('>% ()('>! &()('>%' ()('>%' ()('>%1

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&()('>!& ()('>!& ()('>!&1 &()('>!&' ()('>!&' ()('>!&%,

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&()('>()('>()('>-1 &()('>-' ()('>-' ()('>-,

Imp+Cond** Subj:

Optative

Future

&)('>3*-" )('>3*-" )('>3*-"1 &)('>3*-"' )('>3*-"' )('>3*-"%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to ATTACH / to affix / to fasten / to secure 4#*#0$.3# / *(*#0$.3# (1) &!+!#0%" !+!#0%" !+!#0%"1 &!+!#0%"' !+!#0%"' !+!#0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!+!#0% $!!+!#0% $!!+!#0! $!&!+!#0%' $!!+!#0%' $!!+!#0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+(- / $!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+!#0%"(*( Use of the preverb -$! implies that what you are attaching is at waist-level or below; using +(- implies that you need to reach up to attach the item

50!

to BAKE 0#*2!823# (1) &!:>-" !:>-" !:>-"1 &!:>-"' !:>-"' !:>-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+-&!:>% #!+-!:>% #!+-!:>#!+-&!:>%' #!+-!:>%' #!+-!:>%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!+-:>&!0(

to BARK ;.<# (3) &7%4 7%4 7%41 &7%4' 7%4' 7%4%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(7%4% (7%4% (7%4! &(7%4%' (7%4%' (7%4%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

51!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to take a BATH / to bathe (oneself) 3#+#23# (3) &"!,!-" "!,!-" "!,!-"1 &"!,!-"' "!,!-"' "!,!-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&("!,!&% ("!,!&% ("!,!&! &("!,!&%' ("!,!&%' ("!,!&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to BATHE (someone) / to give a bath to / to wash 4#3#+/# (1) &!"!,!&%" / &"!, !"!,!&%" / "!, !"!,!&%"1 / "!,1 &!"!,!&%"' / &"!,' !"!,!&%"' / "!,' !"!,!&%"%, / "!,%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&!"!,!&% / $!&"!,% !"!,!&% / $!"!,% !"!,!&! / $!"!,! &!"!,!&%' / $!&"!,%' !"!,!&%' / $!"!,%' !"!,!&%1 / $!"!,%1

!- / $!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, The first versions shown are more comprehensive. The second versions are used for the washing of specific parts, e.g. to wash hands, feet, etc.

52!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BE ;2<+# (2)

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(5,%"( (5,%"( (5,%"! &(5,%"(' (5,%"(' (5,%"(!,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(7(7(7-1 &(7-' (7-' (7&,%,

Conditional

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(5,%"-$( (5,%"-$( &(5,%"-$! &(5,%"-$(' (5,%"-$(' (5,%"-$,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(5,%"-$% (5,%"-$% (5,%"-$%1 &(5,%"-$%' (5,%"-$%' (5,%"-$,%,

Pluperfect

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&7-4(*&!0 7-4(*>!0 7-4(*! &7-4(*&!0' 7-4(*>!0' 7-4(*!,

Future

Imp:

Use Aorist forms

53!

Subjunctive

&(7!&( (7!&( (7&(7!&(' (7!&(' (7&,%,

Optative

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Aorist

&!0 >!0 !0(1 &!0' >!0' !0(!,

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BEAR / to give birth to 4#3#4.3# (1) &"!$%" "!$%" "!$%"1 &"!$%"' "!$%"' "!$%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&"!$% $!"!$% $!"!$! $!&"!$%' $!"!$%' $!"!$%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!"!$%"3*(

to BECOME / to convert / to transform 0#842*# / 0#84.3# (2) &>$%"( >$%"( >$%"! &>$%"(' >$%"(' >$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&>$( #!>$( #!>$! #!&>$(' #!>$(' #!>$,%,

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, The masdar ‘#!>$%"!’ is used only for ‘to become’

54!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BEGIN / to start 4#5;.3# (1) &(<7%" (<7%" (<7%"1 &(<7%"' (<7%"' (<7%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&(<7% $!(<7% $!(<7$!&(<7%' $!(<7%' $!(<7%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!<7%"3*(

to BEHAVE like / to act like / to imitate *2"!./# (2) &(5:%&( (5:%&( (5:%&! &(5:%&(' (5:%&(' (5:%&(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&(5%:( +-(5%:( +-(5:! +-&(5%:(' +-(5%:(' +-(5:,%,

+--$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, In the Present, the forms are the same as ‘to fall’. The ‘object’, i.e. what one is behaving like should be in the instr. case.

55!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BELIEVE 4#?.$.3# (4/3)

Future

+?%0! #?%0! 1?%0! #&?%0! #?%0!' 1?%0!'

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&(?%0%" $!(?%0%" $!(?%0%"1 $!&(?%0%"' $!(?%0%"' $!(?%0%"%,

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+?%0-$! #?%0-$! 1?%0-$! #&?%0-$! #?%0-$!' ,?%0-$!'

Use Aorist forms $! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

56!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to BELIEVE in / to have faith in $5*.+# (4/3)

Future

+<!+1 #<!+1 1<!+1 #&<!+1 #<!+' 1<!+'

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(<!+%" (<!+%" (<!+%"1 &(<!+%"' (<!+%"' (<!+%"%,

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+<!+$! #<!+$! 1<!+$! #&<!+$! #<!+$!' 1<!+$!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

Use Aorist forms $! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to BLESS / to give oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s blessing to 4#'2!/# (1) &*-:!& *-:!& *-:!&1 &*-:!&' *-:!&' *-:!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&*-:% $!*-:% $!*-:! $!&*-:%' $!*-:%' $!*-:%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!*-:&(*(

57!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BLUSH / to become blushed 0#5(%'.3# (2) &<('*$%"( <('*$%"( <('*$%"! &<('*$%"(' <('*$%"(' <('*$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&<('*$( #!<('*$( #!<('*$! #!&<('*$(' #!<('*$(' #!<('*$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%,

to BOIL 4&@('( (1) &!$36%" !$36%" !$36%"1 &!$36%"' !$36%"' !$36%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&!$36% !!$36% !!$36! !&!$36%' !!$36%' !!$36%1

!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !$36%"3*(

58!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be BORN 4#3#4.3# (2) &("!$%"( ("!$%"( ("!$%"! &("!$%"(' ("!$%"(' ("!$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&("!$% $!("!$% $!("!$! $!&("!$%' $!("!$%' $!("!$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, It is also common to use the Type 2 verb ‘#!9%,!’ (‘to be created’) to mean ‘to be born’. See that separate entry

to BORROW ,.,8.3# (3) &1%1>3*-" 1%1>3*-" 1%1>3*-"1 &1%1>3*-"' 1%1>3*-"' 1%1>3*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(1%1>% (1%1>% (1%1>! &(1%1>%' (1%1>%' (1%1>%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

59!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BOTHER / to annoy / to disturb 1.5&8.3# (1) &!<3>%" !<3>%" !<3>%"1 &!<3>%"' !<3>%"' !<3>%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&!<3>% 8%!<3>% 8%!<3>! 8%&!<3>%' 8%!<3>%' 8%!<3>%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to BREAK 0#:.8/# (1) &2%>!& 2%>!& 2%>!&1 &2%>!&' 2%>!&' 2%>!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&2%>% #!2%>% #!2%>! #!&2%>%' #!2%>%' #!2%>%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!2%>(*(

60!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BRING (someone) / to take (someone) *(;/#+# (4) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(+(7&!,% +(#(7&!,% +((7&!,! +(#&(7&!,% +(#(7&!,%' +((7&!,%1

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(+(7&!, +(#(7&!, +((7&!, +(#&(7&!, +(#(7&!,' +((7&!,%,

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(+7!&$! +(#7!&$! +(@7!&$! +(#&7!&$! +(#7!&$!' +(@7!&$!'

Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

$! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' -1 / -1 / -1 / -1 / -' / -' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%' Use of the preverb <!- will convey ‘to withdraw / to take someone away from’; the preverb +-- will convey ‘to bring someone to’ / ‘to take someone to’

61!

Imperfect

Future

+(+7!&1 +(#7!&1 +(@7!&1 +(#&7!&1 +(#7!&' +(@7!&'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to BRING (something) / to take (something) *2:#+# (4) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&(2!,% +-(2!,% +-(2!,! +-&(2!,%' +-(2!,%' +-(2!,%1

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&(2!, +-(2!, +-(2!,1 +-&(2!,' +-(2!,' +-(2!,%,

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-+5-,$! +-#5-,$! +-@5-,$! +-#&5-,$! +-#5-,$!' +-@5-,$!'

Cond: Opt: Subj:

Imperfect

Future

+-+!5&1 +-#!5&1 +-!5&1 +-#&!5&1 +-#!5&' +-!5&'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' -1 / -1 / -1 / -1 / -' / -' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%'

to BROWSE / to look around / to take a look 4#%/#'(.$.3# (1) &!'&!*(%0%" !'&!*(%0%" !'&!*(%0%"1 &!'&!*(%0%"' !'&!*(%0%"' !'&!*(%0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!'&!*(%0% $!!'&!*(%0% $!!'&!*(%0! $!&!'&!*(%0%' $!!'&!*(%0%' $!!'&!*(%0%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

62!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BUILD / to construct #1.+.3# (1) &!8%,%" !8%,%" !8%,%"1 &!8%,%"' !8%,%"' !8%,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&!8%,% !!8%,% !!8%,! !&!8%,%' !!8%,%' !!8%,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !8%,%"3*( / 9!8%,%"3*( (built-in / integrated)

to be BUILT / to be constructed (passive voice) #1.+.3# (2) N/A N/A 8%,$%"! N/A N/A 8%,$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!-$! / -$,%, -1 / -, -$%1 / -$,%,

63!

N/A N/A !8%,$! N/A N/A !8%,$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BURN 5/# (1) &<&!& <&!& <&!&1 &<&!&' <&!&' <&!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&<&( $!<&( $!<&! $!&<&(' $!<&(' $!<&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+<&!0(

to BURY (something) / to put something into the ground -#<'23# (1) &4*!& 4*!& 4*!&1 &4*!&' 4*!&' 4*!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

9!&4!*( 9!4!*( 9!4*! 9!&4!*(' 9!4!*(' 9!4*%1

9!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 9!4*3*(

64!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to BUY / to purchase ;(4/# (1)

Future

&7($3*-" 7($3*-" 7($3*-"1 &7($3*-"' 7($3*-"' 7($3*-"%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(7($( (7($( (7($(1 &(7($(' (7($(' (7($(!,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(7($% (7($% (7($! &(7($%' (7($%' (7($%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to CALL / to ring / to telephone $.6/# (1) &0%)!& 0%)!& 0%)!&1 &0%)!&' 0%)!&' 0%)!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&0%)% $!0%)% $!0%)! $!&0%)%' $!0%)%' $!0%)%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

65!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CALM down / to become calm 4#*1/(4.3# (2) &+8&($$%"( +8&($$%"( +8&($$%"! &+8&($$%"(' +8&($$%"(' +8&($$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&+8&($$( $!+8&($$( $!+8&($$! $!&+8&($$(' $!+8&($$(' $!+8&($$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, $!+8&($%"3*(

to CARE for / to take care of / to look after / to nurse to health / to tend (to) *2/'# (1) &3&*( 3&*( 3&*(1 &3&*(' 3&*(' 3&*(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&3!0% +-3!0% +-3!0! +-&3!0%' +-3!0%' +-3!0%1

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-&*(*(

66!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CARRY / to take away 5#@.3# (1/4) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

<!&(6% <!(6% <!(6<!&(6%' <!(6%' <!(6%1

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!&(6%" <!(6%" <!(6%"1 <!&(6%"' <!(6%"' <!(6%"%,

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(+5-,$! +(#5-,$! +(@5-,$! +(#&5-,$! +(#5-,$!' +(@5-,$!'

Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

Imperfect

+(+!5&1 +(#!5&1 +(!5&1 +(#&!5&1 +(#!5&' +(!5&'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, <!6%"3*(

to CATCH / to capture / to arrest 4#7.$# (1) &(=%0 (=%0 (=%01 &(=%0' (=%0' (=%0%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&(=(0% $!(=(0% $!(=(0! $!&(=(0%' $!(=(0%' $!(=(0%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!=%0(*(

67!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CAUSE / to provoke / to bring about / to give rise to 0#*25/./# (1) &(<&%& (<&%& (<&%&1 &(<&%&' (<&%&' (<&%&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+-&(<&(% #!+-(<&(% #!+-(<&(! #!+-&(<&(%' #!+-(<&(%' #!+-(<&(%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!+-<&%3*(

to CELEBRATE / to rejoice / to triumph ).(*23# (3) &A%(+-" A%(+-" A%(+-"1 &A%(+-"' A%(+-"' A%(+-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(A%(+% (A%(+% (A%(+! &(A%(+%' (A%(+%' (A%(+%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!A%(+%"(

68!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CHANGE / to alter 1.!/'# (1) &:&*( :&*( :&*(1 &:&*(' :&*(' :&*(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&:&!*% 8%:&!*% 8%:&!*! 8%&:&!*%' 8%:&!*%' 8%:&!*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%:&*(*(

to CHOOSE / to elect / to decide #$-./# (1) &(09%& (09%& (09%&1 &(09%&' (09%&' (09%&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&(09(% !(09(% !(09(! !&(09(%' !(09(%' !(09(%1

!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !09%3*(

69!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CLOSE / to shut 4#8&$/# (1) &>30!& >30!& >30!&1 &>30!&' >30!&' >30!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&>30% $!>30% $!>30! $!&>30%' $!>30%' $!>30%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!>303*(

to get (become) CLOSE / to become intimate / to become friends 4##8'2.3# (2) &3!>*-&$%"( 3!>*-&$%"( 3!>*-&$%"! &3!>*-&$%"(' 3!>*-&$%"(' 3!>*-&$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&3!>*-&$( $!3!>*-&$( $!3!>*-&$! $!&3!>*-&$(' $!3!>*-&$(' $!3!>*-&$,%,

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, $!!>*-%"3*( This verb is for emotional situations only. See also ‘+(!>*-%"!’ (‘to approach’)

70!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be (feel) COLD 1.!(/.3# (4) +% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+:(&$! 8%#:(&$! 8%1:(&$! 8%#&:(&$! 8%#:(&$!' 8%1:(&$!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+:(&$%"! 8%#:(&$%"! 8%1:(&$%"! 8%#&:(&$%"! 8%#:(&$%"!' 8%1:(&$%"!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+:(-$! #:(-$! 1:(-$! #&:(-$! #:(-$!' 1:(-$!'

Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

$! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' #!:(%"3*( / 8%:(%"3*(

71!

Imperfect

Future

+:(&! #:(&! 1:(&! #&:(&! #:(&!' 1:(&!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to COME *2,/'# (2) +% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&%$( +->&%$( +-&($! +-&%$(' +->&%$(' +-&($,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&!* +->&!* +-&! +-&!*' +->&!*' +-&*%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&$(-$( +-$(-$( +-$(-$! +-&$(-$(' +-$(-$(' +-$(-$,%,

Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

Imperfect

Future

+-&$(&!0 +-$(>!0 +-$(1 +-&$(&!0' +-$(>!0' +-$(!,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&($-$( / +->&($-$( / +-&($-$! / +-&($-$(' / +->&($-$(' / +-&($-$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, +-13*( Additional preverbs include: !+-- (to come up), 9!- (to come down) 9!+-(to arrive / to come down), 8%+-- (to come in), #!+-(to come out), #!$+-- (to come across) Imperatives for this verb are irregular: +-$( / +-$(' / +-&($%'

72!

to COMMAND / to order 3$9#+.3# (1) &"0;!,%" "0;!,%" "0;!,%"1 &"0;!,%"' "0;!,%"' "0;!,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&"0;!,% "0;!,% "0;!,! &"0;!,%' "0;!,%' "0;!,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!"0;!,%"(

to COMPARE 1.4#$.3# (1) &!$!0%" !$!0%" !$!0%"1 &!$!0%"' !$!0%"' !$!0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&!$!0% 8%!$!0% 8%!$!0! 8%&!$!0%' 8%!$!0%' 8%!$!0%1

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%$!0%"3*(

73!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to COMPLAIN -(/('( (3) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(9(&*% (9(&*% (9(&*! &(9(&*%' (9(&*%' (9(&*%1

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(9(&*%" (9(&*%" (9(&*%"1 &(9(&*%"' (9(&*%"' (9(&*%"%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&9(-$( 9(-$( 9(-$! &9(-$(' 9(-$(' 9(-$,%,

Cond: Opt: Subj:

Imperfect

Future

&9(&( 9(&( 9(&(1 &9(&(' 9(&(' 9(&(!,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to CONFESS / to admit / to give testimony of / to acknowledge / to recognise #@(#$.3# (1) &!6(!0%" !6(!0%" !6(!0%"1 &!6(!0%"' !6(!0%"' !6(!0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&!6(!0% !6(!0% !6(!0! &!6(!0%' !6(!0%' !6(!0%1

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !6(!0%"3*(

74!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CONGRATULATE / to wish (s.o.) *('2!/# (1) &3*-:!: 3*-:!& 3*-:!&1 &3*-:!&' 3*-:!&' 3*-:!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(&3*-:% +(3*-:% +(3*-:! +(&3*-:%' +(3*-:%' +(3*-:%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+($( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to CONNECT / to tie (together) / to bind / to sew / to button up 1.6/$# (1) &()0!& ()0!& ()0!&1 &()0!&' ()0!&' ()0!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&()!0( 8%()!0( 8%()0! 8%&()!0(' 8%()!0(' 8%()!0%1

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%)03*(

75!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CONSIDER / to pass an examination -#%/'# (1) &'&*( '&*( '&*(1 &'&*(' '&*(' '&*(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

9!&'&!*% 9!'&!*% 9!'&!*! 9!&'&!*%' 9!'&!*%' 9!'&!*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

9!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 9!'&*(*( Use adv. case for “to consider as”

to CONTINUE (doing something) 0#0$9.'.3# (1) &!#0;%*%" !#0;%*%" !#0;%*%"1 &!#0;%*%"' !#0;%*%"' !#0;%*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!#0;%*% #!!#0;%*% #!!#0;%*! #!&!#0;%*%' #!!#0;%*%' #!!#0;%*%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!#0;%*%"3*(

76!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to COPY / to photocopy / to survey 0#4#@.3# (1) &(6%" (6%" (6%"1 &(6%"' (6%"' (6%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!$!&(6% #!$!(6% #!$!(6#!$!&(6%' #!$!(6%' #!$!(6%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!$!6%"3*( The present forms can be confused with the verbs ‘<!6%"!’ (‘to carry’), ‘!6%"!’ (‘to take / to accept’), ‘+(6%"!’ (‘to get / to receive’), etc.

to CORRECT / to amend / to rectify / to put right / to mend / to straighten 0#,52$.3# (1) &!1<-0%" !1<-0%" !1<-0%"1 &!1<-0%"' !1<-0%"' !1<-0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!1<-0% #!!1<-0% #!!1<-0! #!&!1<-0%' #!!1<-0%' #!!1<-0%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!1<-0%"3*( Use the preverb 8%- to convey ‘to touch up’ / ‘to trim’

77!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to COST @($.3&'.3# (2) &6(0&!0 6(0>!0 6(01 &6(0&!0' 6(0>!0' 6(0!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&6(0$( 6(0$( 6(0$! &6(0$(' 6(0$(' 6(0$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, % / % / % / %' / %' / $,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%,

to COUGH 8/.'.3# (1) &!>&%*%" !>&%*%" !>&%*%"1 &!>&%*%"' !>&%*%"' !>&%*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!>&%*% $!!>&%*% $!!>&%*! $!&!>&%*%' $!!>&%*%' $!!>&%*%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, Use the preverb !+-- to mean ‘to cough up’

78!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to COVER 4#<#$.3# (1) &!4!0%" !4!0%" !4!0%"1 &!4!0%"' !4!0%"' !4!0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!4!0% $!!4!0% $!!4!0! $!&!4!0%' $!!4!0%' $!!4!0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!4!0%"3*(

to go CRAZY / to go mad 0#0(=.3# (2)

Fut: Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

&#(/$%"( #(/$%"( #(/$%"! &#(/$%"(' #(/$%"(' #(/$%"(!,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&#(/$( #!#(/$( #!#(/$! #!&#(/$(' #!#(/$(' #!#(/$,%,

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, #!#(/%"3*(

79!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be CREATED / to be made / to be born 0#-.+# (2) &9,$%"( 9,$%"( 9,$%"! &9,$%"(' 9,$%"(' 9,$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&9,$( #!9,$( #!9,$! #!&9,$(' #!9,$(' #!9,$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, #!9%,(*( See also the verb ‘$!"!$%"!’ (‘to be born’)

to CROWD / to jam / to get stuck 0#7.4/# (2)

Fut: Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

&(=%$%"( (=%$%"( (=%$%"! &(=%$%"(' (=%$%"(' (=%$%"(!,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&(=%$% #!(=%$% #!(=%$! #!&(=%$%' #!(=%$%' #!(=%$,%,

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, #!=%$(*(

80!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CRY / to weep :($('( (3) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(2(0% (2(0% (2(0! &(2(0%' (2(0%' (2(0%1

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(2(0%" (2(0%" (2(0%"1 &(2(0%"' (2(0%"' (2(0%"%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&2(0-$( 2(0-$( 2(0-$! &2(0-$(' 2(0-$(' 2(0-$,%,

Cond: Opt: Subj:

Imperfect

Future

&2(0( 2(0( 2(0(1 &2(0(' 2(0(' 2(0(!,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$( / $( / $( / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to CUT / to section / to slit 0#7$# (1) &(=0( (=0( (=0(1 &(=0(' (=0(' (=0(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(=%0( #!(=%0( #!(=0! #!&(=%0(' #!(=%0(' #!(=0%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!=0(*( Use the preverb 8%- to convey ‘to get cut’ / to ‘to get a haircut’

81!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to CUT down / to chop off / to cut off / to snip off *27$# (1) &=0( =0( =0(1 &=0(' =0(' =0(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&=%0( +-=%0( +-=0! +-&=%0(' +-=%0(' +-=0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-=0(*(

to DAMAGE / to harm 4#)(#+.3# (1) &!A(!,%" !A(!,%" !A(!,%"1 &!A(!,%"' !A(!,%"' !A(!,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!A(!,% $!!A(!,% $!!A(!,! $!&!A(!,%' $!!A(!,%' $!!A(!,%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!A(!,%"3*(

82!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to DANCE !.6/# (3) &:%)&!& :%)&!& :%)&!&1 &:%)&!&' :%)&!&' :%)&!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(:%)&% (:%)&% (:%)&! &(:%)&%' (:%)&%' (:%)&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to get DARK / to turn to night 4#@#*.3# (2) N/A N/A 6!+$%"! N/A N/A 6!+$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$! / -$,%, -1 / -, -$%1 / -$,%, $!6!+%"3*(

83!

N/A N/A $!6!+$! N/A N/A $!6!+$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to DESCRIBE / to depict / to portray #@5.$# (1) !6&<%0 !6<%0 !6<%01 !6&<%0' !6<%0' !6<%0%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!6&<%0% !6<%0% !6<%0! !6&<%0%' !6<%0%' !6<%0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !6<%0(*(

to DESTROY / to lay waste / to ravage / to destruct #28$.3# (1) &!->0%" !->0%" !->0%"1 &!->0%"' !->0%"' !->0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&!->0% !!->0% !!->0! !&!->0%' !!->0%' !!->0%1

!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !->0%"3*(

84!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to DIE ,(6/4('( (2) &)&$%"( )&$%"( )&$%"! &)&$%"(' )&$%"(' )&$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&)&$( +-)&$( +-)&$! +-&)&$(' +-)&$(' +-)&$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+--$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, +0&$!0( (dead)

to get (become) DIFFICULT 0#9+.'.3# (2) N/A N/A ;,%*$%"! N/A N/A ;,%*$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!-$! / -$,%, -1 / -, $%1 / $,%, ;,%*( (difficult)

85!

N/A N/A #!;,%*$! N/A N/A #!;,%*$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to have DINNER / to dine ,#4('23# (3) &1!$(*-" 1!$(*-" 1!$(*-"1 &1!$(*-"' 1!$(*-"' 1!$(*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(1!$(*% (1!$(*% (1!$(*! &(1!$(*%' (1!$(*%' (1!$(*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to DISAPPEAR / to vanish 0#&-(+#$.3# (2) &39(,!0$%"( 39(,!0$%"( 39(,!0$%"! &39(,!0$%"(' 39(,!0$%"(' 39(,!0$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&39(,!0$( #!39(,!0$( #!39(,!0$! #!&39(,!0$(' #!39(,!0$(' #!39(,!0$,%,

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, 39(,!0( (invisible)

86!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to DISCUSS / to examine / to put under scrutiny / to deliberate over 0#+8('/# (1) &(>(*!& (>(*!& (>(*!&1 &(>(*&' (>(*!&' (>(*!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!,&(>(*% #!,(>(*% #!,(>(*! #!,&(>(*%' #!,(>(*%' #!,(>(*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!,$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!,>(*3*(

to DIVE / to plunge into ;/(+%/# (1) &7&(,'!& 7&(,'!& 7&(,'!&1 &7&(,'!&' 7&(,'!&' 7&(,'!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

9!&7&(,'% 9!7&(,'% 9!7&(,'! 9!&7&(,'%' 9!7&(,'%' 9!7&(,'%1

9!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

87!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to DO / to make / to prepare / to cook 0#6.%.3# (1) &!)%'%" !)%'%" !)%'%"1 &!)%'%"' !)%'%"' !)%'%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!)%'% #!!)%'% #!!)%'! #!&!)%'%' #!!)%'%' #!!)%'%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!)%'%"3*(

to DOUBT .7/( (3) &%=&-" %=&-" %=&-"1 &%=&-"' %=&-"' %=&-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(%=&% (%=&% (%=&! &(%=&%' (%=&%' (%=&%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!%=&%"3*(

88!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to DOWNLOAD -#*2:/($%/# (1) &2&(0'!& 2&(0'!& 2&(0'!&1 &2&(0'!&' 2&(0'!&' 2&(0'!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

9!+-&2&(0'% 9!+-2&(0'% 9!+-2&(0'! 9!+-&2&(0'%' 9!+-2&(0'%' 9!+-2&(0'%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

9!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 9!+-2&(0'3*(

to DRAW / to paint 8#:/# (1) &>!2!& >!2!& >!2!&1 &>!2!&' >!2!&' >!2!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&>!2% $!>!2% $!>!2! $!&>!2%' $!>!2%' $!>!2%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

89!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to DREAM ,()*#$(, +#8/# (1)

Future

1(A+!01 &>%$!& 1(A+!01 >%$!& 1(A+!01 >%$!&1 1(A+!01 &>%$!&' 1(A+!01 >%$!&' 1(A+!01 >%$!&%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

1(A+!01 &,!>!& 1(A+!01 ,!>!& 1(A+!01 ,!>!&1 1(A+!01 &,!>!&' 1(A+!01 ,!>!&' 1(A+!01 ,!>!&%,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

1(A+!0( &,!>% 1(A+!0( ,!>% 1(A+!0( ,!>! 1(A+!0( &,!>%' 1(A+!0( ,!>%' 1(A+!0( ,!>%1

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, This verb should not be condused with ‘-:,%"!’ (‘to fantasise’ / ‘to daydream’)

90!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to DRINK 4#'./# (1) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&*(% $!*(% $!*(! $!&*(%' $!*(%' $!*(%1

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&*%& $!*%& $!*%&1 $!&*%&' $!*%&' $!*%&%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&1&!+$( 1&!+$( 1&!+$! &1&!+$(' 1&!+$(' 1&!+$,%,

Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

Imperfect

Future

&1&!+ 1&!+ 1&!+1 &1&!+' 1&!+' 1&!+%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$( / $( / $( / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!*%3*(

to DRIVE / to ride *#+"#+(, :#$.3# (1) +!,5!,!1 &!2!0%" +!,5!,!1 !2!0%" +!,5!,!1 !2!0%"1 +!,5!,!1 &!2!0%"' +!,5!,!1 !2!0%"' +!,5!,!1 !2!0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+!,5!,! #!&!2!0% +!,5!,! #!!2!0% +!,5!,! #!!2!0! +!,5!,! #!&!2!0%' +!,5!,! #!!2!0%' +!,5!,! #!!2!0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, This verb can be used with vehicles besides cars – but change the word ‘+!,5!,(1’ to the other vehicle name.

91!

to DYE / to colour 1.@.3/# (1) &(6%"!& (6%"!& (6%"!&1 &(6%"!&' (6%"!&' (6%"!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&(6%"% 8%(6%"% 8%(6%"! 8%&(6%"%' 8%(6%"%' 8%(6%"%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%6%"(*( Remove the ‘(’ from the verb root to speak of dyeing / colouring in general; not for doing this to a person or object

to EAT 7#*# (1) &=!+ =!+ =!+1 &=!+' =!+' =!+%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&=!+% 8%=!+% 8%=!+! 8%&=!+%' 8%=!+%' 8%=!+%1

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%=+3*(

92!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to EMERGE / to surface / to dive ‘out’ of #*2;/(+%/# (1) !+-&7&(,'!& !+-7&(,'!& !+-7&(,'!&1 !+-&7&(,'!&' !+-7&(,'!&' !+-7&(,'!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!+-&7&(,'% !+-7&(,'% !+-7&(,'! !+-&7&(,'%' !+-7&(,'%' !+-7&(,'%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to EMPTY / to discharge / to exile / to unload / to let off / to evacuate / to offload 4#!'# (1) &:*( :*( :*(1 &:*(' :*(' :*(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&:!*% $!:!*% $!:#*! $!&:!*%' $!:!*%' $!:!*%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!:*(*(

93!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to ENCOURAGE / to reassure / to cheer up 0#*8+./.3# (1) &!+>,%&%" !+>,%&%" !+>,%&%"1 &!+>,%&%"' !+>,%&%"' !+>,%&%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!+>,%&% #!!+>,%&% #!!+>,%&! #!&!+>,%&%' #!!+>,%&%' #!!+>,%&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!+>,%&%"3*(

to END / to finish / to complete / to terminate / to graduate 4#*%#/$.3# (1) &!+'!&0%" !+'!&0%" !+'!&0%"1 &!+'!&0%"' !+'!&0%"' !+'!&0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!+'!&0% $!!+'!&0% $!!+'!&0! $!&!+'!&0%' $!!+'!&0%' $!!+'!&0%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+'!&0%"3*(

94!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be ENDED / to be finished / to be done / to be completed / to be terminated / to be over / to stay* *2$-.3# (2) &09%"( 09%"( 09%"! &09%"(' 09%"(' 09%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&09( +-09( +-09! +-&09(' +-09(' +-09,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+--$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, $!+'!&0%"3*( This verb can mean â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;to stayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; only in the Present screeve.

to ENJOY / to take pleasure in 4#:6323# (2) &2)"%"( 2)"%"( 2)"%"! &2)"%"(' 2)"%"(' 2)"%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&2)"( $!2)"( $!2)"! $!&2)"(' $!2)"(' $!2)"$,%,

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, $!+2)"!0( The object of this verb should be in the instr. case.

95!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to ERASE / to delete / to rub out / to cross out / to strike out 5#1'# (1) &8*( 8*( 8*(1 &8*(' 8*(' 8*(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

<!&!8*% <!8!*% <!8!*! <!&8!*%' <!8!*%' <!8!*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, <!8*(*(

to EXCLAIM / to cry out / to ejaculate 5#*29#8.3# (1) <!+-&(;!>%" <!+-(;!>%" <!+-(;!>%"1 <!+-&(;!>%"' <!+-(;!>%"' <!+-(;!>%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

<!+-&(;!>% <!+-(;!>% <!+-(;!>! <!+-&(;!>%' <!+-(;!>%' <!+-(;!>%1

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, <!+-;!>%"3*(

96!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to EXECUTE / to put to death ,(6/4('(% 4#,?# (1) 1()&$(*(' &1?( 1()&$(*(' 1?( 1()&$(*(' 1?(1 1()&$(*(' &1?(' 1()&$(*(' 1?(' 1()&$(*(' 1?(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

1()&$(*(' $!&1#?% 1()&$(*(' $!1#?% 1()&$(*(' $!1#?! 1()&$(*(' $!&1#?%' 1()&$(*(' $!1#?%' 1()&$(*(' $!1#?%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 1()&$(*(' $!1?(*(

to FALL / to fall down 5#"!./# (2) &(5:%&( (5:%&( (5:%&! &(5:%&(' (5:%&(' (5:%&(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!&(5%:( <!(5%:( <!(5:! <!&(5%:(' <!(5%:(' <!(5:,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % /% / %1 / %' / %' / %, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, <!5:%3*( In the Present, the forms are the same as ‘to behave like’

97!

to FANTASISE / to daydream 2!+.3# (3) &-:,%"-" -:,%"-" -:,%"-"1 &-:,%"-"' -:,%"-"' -:,%"-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(-:,%"% (-:,%"% (-:,%"! &(-:,%"%' (-:,%"%' (-:,%"%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to FEEL / to sense 0$9+23# (3) &#0;,-" #0;,-" #0;,-"1 &#0;,-"' #0;,-"' #0;,-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(#0;,% (#0;,% (#0;,&(#0;,%' (#0;,%' (#0;,%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

98!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to FIGHT / to quarrel -8&3( (3) &9>3"-" 9>3"-" 9>3"-"1 &9>3"-"' 9>3"-"' 9>3"-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(9>3"% (9>3"% (9>3"! &(9>3"%' (9>3"%' (9>3"%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to FIND / to disover >2/+# (3) &.-3*-" .-3*-" .-3*-"1 &.-3*-"' .-3*-"' .-3*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(.-&,% (.-&,% (.-&,! &(.-&,%' (.-&,%' (.-&,%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!.-&,(

99!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to FISH / to go fishing %./)#23# (3) &'%&A!-" '%&A!-" '%&A!-"1 &'%&A!-"' '%&A!-"' '%&A!-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&('%&A!&% ('%&A!&% ('%&A!&! &('%&A!&%' ('%&A!&%' ('%&A!&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to FLIRT 6.6'&!23# (3) &)%)*3:-" )%)*3:-" )%)*3:-"1 &)%)*3:-"' )%)*3:-"' )%)*3:-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&()%)*3:% ()%)*3:% ()%)*3:! &()%)*3:%' ()%)*3:%' ()%)*3:%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

100!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to FLY (something [as a pilot]) 0#<$.+# (1) &!40%, / &40(,!& !40%, / 40(,!& !40%,1 / 40(,!&1 &!40%,' / &40(,!&' !40%,' / 40(,!&' !40%,%, / 40(,!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&40(,$( #!40(,$( #!40(,$! #!&40(,$(' #!40(,$(' #!40(,$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!40%,(*( The preverb +-- can convey ‘to fly to’ (i.e. outbound). The preverb +(- can convey ‘to fly back to’ (i.e. inbound).

to FLY [as a passenger] 0#<$.+# (2) &40(,$%"( 40(,$%"( 40(,$%"! &40(,$%"(' 40(,$%"(' 40(,$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&40(,$( #!40(,$( #!40(,$! #!&40(,$(' #!40(,$(' #!40(,$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, The preverb +-- can convey ‘to fly to’ (i.e. outbound). The preverb +(- can convey ‘to fly back to’ (i.e. inbound).

101!

to FOLLOW / to go after *(;2'# (2) +(&7&%"( +(7&%"( +(7&%"! +(&7&%"(' +(7&%"(' +(7&%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+(&7%&( +(7%&( +(7&! +(&7%&(' +(7%&(' +(7&,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+(-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, -$% / -$% / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' / -$,%, +-7-*(*(

to FORBID / to prohibit / to interdict / to bar / to ban #6$9#'/# (1) &)0;!*!& )0;!*!& )0;!*!&1 &)0;!*!&' )0;!*!&' )0;!*!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&)0;!*% !)0;!*% !)0;!*! !&)0;!*%' !)0;!*%' !)0;!*%1

!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !)0;!*3*(

102!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to FORGET 4#/(5;.3# (1) &(&(<7%" (&(<7%" (&(<7%"1 &(&(<7%"' (&(<7%"' (&(<7%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&(&(<7% $!(&(<7% $!(&(<7! $!&(&(<7%' $!(&(<7%' $!(&(<7%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!&(<7%"3*(

103!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to FORGIVE / to pardon 1.+423# (1) 8%&3,$-" 8%3,$-" 8%3,$-"1 8%&3,$-"' 8%3,$-"' 8%3,$-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&3,$% 8%3,$% 8%3,$8%&3,$%' 8%3,$%' 8%3,$%1

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%,$-"(*(

104!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to FREEZE ;(+/# (1) &7(,!& 7(,!& 7(,!&1 &7(,!&' 7(,!&' 7(,!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&7(,% #!7(,% #!7(,! #!&7(,%' #!7(,%' #!7(,%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!7(,3*(

105!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to FRY / to roast 1.5/# (1) &<&!& <&!& <&!&1 &<&!&' <&!&' <&!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&<&( 8%<&( 8%<&! 8%&<&(' 8%<&(' 8%<&%1

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%<&!0( The Present forms can be confused with ‘to burn’ (‘<&!’) so you may wish to use the Future for clarity.

106!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to GATHER / to collect / to pick (e.g. fruits) / to pick up 1.0$2/.3# (1) &!#0-&%" !#0-&%" !#0-&%"1 &!#0-&%"' !#0-&%"' !#0-&%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&!#0-&% 8%!#0-&% 8%!#0-&! 8%&!#0-&%' 8%!#0-&%' 8%!#0-&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%#0-&%"3*(

to GET / to receive / to reach (e.g. a decision) *(@.3# (1) &(6%" (6%" (6%"1 &(6%"' (6%"' (6%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(&(6% +((6% +((6+(&(6%' +((6%' +((6%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+($( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +(6%"3*( The present forms can be confused with the verbs ‘<!6%"!’ (‘to carry’), ‘!6%"!’ (‘to take / to accept’) / ‘!+-6%"!’ (‘to remove from / to withdraw / to take out of’)

107!

to GIVE *(!.*# (1) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(&%:( +(%:( +(1:! +(&%:(' +(%:(' +(1:%1

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+(&:%+ +(1:%+ +(1:%+1 +(&:%+' +(1:%+' +(1:%+%,

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(&:% +(1:% +(1:%1 +(&:%' +(1:%' +(1:%,

Cond: Subj: Notes:

Optative

Future

&!;*%& !;*%& !;*%&1 &!;*%&' !;*%&' !;*%&%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, st nd +-- (used with 1 or 2 person indirect objects; +(- used rd with 3 person objects)

108!

to GIVE a gift -&".3# (1) &935,( 935,( 935,(1 &935,(' 935,(' 935,(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&!935% !935% !935! &!935%' !935%' !935%1

!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!935!0(

109!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be GLAD 0#8#$.3# (4) +% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+(>!0$! #!#(>!0$! #!3>!0$! #!#&(>!0$! #!#(>!0$!' #!3>!0$!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+(>!0$%"! #!#(>!0$%"! #!3>!0$%"! #!#&(>!0$%"! #!#(>!0$%"!' #!3>!0$%"!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(>!0-$! #(>!0-$! 3>!0-$! #&(>!0-$! #(>!0-$!' 3>!0-$!'

Cond: Subj: P.P.:

-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' #!>!0%"3*(

110!

Imperfect

Future

+(>!0(! #(>!0(! 3>!0(! #&(>!0(! #(>!0(!' 3>!0(!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to GO 5#,/'# (2) <!&%$( <!>&%$( <!&($! <!&%$(' <!>&%$(' <!&($,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!&!* <!>&!* <!&! <!&!*' <!>&!*' <!&*%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+(&$(-$( +($(-$( +($(-$! +(&$(-$(' +($(-$(' +($(-$,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!&($-$( <!>&($-$( <!&($-$! <!&($-$(' <!>&($-$(' <!&!-($-$,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!&($% <!>&($% <!&($%1 <!&($%' <!>&($%' <!&($,%,

Subjunctive

Conditional

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Imperfect

Future

+(&$(&!0 +($(>!0 +($(1 +(&$(&!0' +($(>!0' +($(!,

Opt: P.P.: Notes:

%1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' <!13*( Additional preverbs include: !+-- (to come up), 9!+-(to arrive / to come down), 8%+-- (to come in), #!+-(to come out), #!$+-- (to come across) Imperatives for this verb are irregular: <!$( / <!$(' / <!&($%'

111!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to GOSSIP 7#$#23# (3) &=-0!-" =-0!-" =-0!-"1 &=-0!-"' =-0!-"' =-0!-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(=-0!&% (=-0!&% (=-0!&! &(=-0!&%' (=-0!&%' (=-0!&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-&%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to GRATE (e.g. cheese) / to wipe (dry) 0#8.8/# (1) &>%>!& >%>!& >%>!&1 &>%>!&' >%>!&' >%>!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&>%>% #!>%>% #!>%>! #!&>%>%' #!>%>%' #!>%>%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!>%>(*(

112!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to GREASE / to oil / to lubricate / to spread on / to apply 5#,*# (1) &(1&!+ (1&!+ (1&!+1 &(1&!+' (1&!+' (1&!+%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

<!&(1&( <!(1&( <!(1&! <!&(1&(' <!(1&(' <!(1&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, <!1+3*(

to GROW / to rise / to develop / to increase 0#)$4# (2) &(A0$%"( (A0$%"( (A0$%"! &(A0$%"(' (A0$%"(' (A0$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&(A!0$% #!(A!0$% #!(A!0$! #!&(A!0$%' #!(A!0$%(' #!(A!0$,%,

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!A0$(*(

113!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to GROW (something) / to develop (something) / to cultivate )$4# (1) &A0$( A0$( A0$(1 &A0$(' A0$(' A0$(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&A!0$% #!A!0$% #!A!0$! #!&A!0$%' #!A!0$%' #!A!0$%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!A0$(*(

to HANG / to put up / to hang up / to suspend -#*26(4.3# (1) &)($%" )($%" )($%"1 &)($%"' )($%"' )($%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

9!+-&)($% 9!+-)($% 9!+-)($! 9!+-&)($%' 9!+-)($%' 9!+-)($%1

9!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 9!+-)($%"3*(

114!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to HAPPEN / to take place / to occur -#:#$.3# (2) N/A N/A 2!0$%"! N/A N/A 2!0$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

N/A N/A 9!2!0$! N/A N/A 9!2!0$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

9!-$! / -$,%, -1 / ,%, $%1 / $,%, 9!2!0%"3*(

to HATE / to destest / to despise / to abhor / to loathe ,(9&'/('( (4/1)

Future

+;3*1 #;3*1 1;3*1 #&;3*1 #;3*' 1;3*'

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%&(;3*%" 8%(;3*%" 8%(;3*%"1 8%&(;3*%"' 8%(;3*%"' 8%(;3*%"%,

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+;3*$! #;3*$! 1;3*$! #&;3*$! #;3*$!' 1;3*$!'

Use Aorist forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, % / % / % / % / %' / %' $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%;3*%"3*(

115!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to HAVE (someone [animate]) ;2'# (4)

Future

+7!&1 #7!&1 @7!&1 #&7!&1 #7!&' @7!&'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%7-*%"! #%7-*%"! %7-*%"! #&%7-*%"! #%7-*%"!' %7-*%"!'

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+7!&$! #7!&$! @7!&$! #&7!&$! #7!&$!' @7!&$!'

Use Aorist forms -$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%'

116!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to HAVE (something [inanimate]) "2+# (4)

Future

+!5&1 #!5&1 !5&1 #&!5&1 #!5&' !5&'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%5,%"! #%5,%"! %5,%"! #&%5,%"! #%5,%"!' %5,%"!'

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+5-,$! #5-,$! @5-,$! #&5-,$! #5-,$!' @5-,$!'

Use Aorist forms -$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%'

117!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to HEAR *2,*.+# (4) +%1+(1 #%1+(1 %1+(1 #&%1+(1 #%1+(' %1+('

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-+%1+! +-#%1+! +-%1+! +-#&%1+! +-#%1+!' +-%1+!'

+-$( /$( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%' +-1+%,(*(

118!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to HELP / to assist / to aid 4#8*#$.3# (1) &%>+!0%"( %>+!0%"( %>+!0%"! &%>+!0%"(' %>+!0%"(' %>+!0%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&%>+!0% $!%>+!0% $!%>+!0! $!&%>+!0%' $!%>+!0%' $!%>+!0,%,

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

119!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to HIDE (oneself) / to be hidden / to be hiding 4#*#'/# (2) &(+!*%"( (+!*%"( (+!*%"! &(+!*%"(' (+!*%"(' (+!*%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&(+!*% $!(+!*% $!(+!*! $!&(+!*%' $!(+!*%' $!(+!*,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+!*3*(

to HIDE (something) 4#*#'/# (1) &+!*!& +!*!& +!*!&1 &+!*!&' +!*!&' +!*!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&+!*% $!+!*% $!+!*! $!&+!*%' $!+!*%' $!+!*%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+!*3*(

120!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be HOT ,(!8. (4) +:>%*! #:>%*! 1:>%*! #&:>%*! #:>%*!' 1:>%*!'

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!+:>! $!#:>! $!1:>! $!#&:>! $!#:>!' $!1:>!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%'

to HUG / to embrace -#8&:.3# (1) &(>32%" (>32%" (>32%"1 &(>32%"' (>32%"' (>32%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

9!&(>32% 9!(>32% 9!(>32! 9!&(>32%' 9!(>32%' 9!(>32%1

9!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 9!>32%"3*(

121!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be HUNGRY 1(*1('( (4) +8(! #8(! 8(! #&8(! #8(!' 8(!'

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+8(-$! #8(-$! 8(-$! #&8(-$! #8(-$!' 8(-$!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present forms Use Aorist forms %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' +8(%0(

to HUNT +#4($23# (3) &,!$(0-" ,!$(0-" ,!$(0-"1 &,!$(0-"' ,!$(0-"' ,!$(0-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(,!$(0% (,!$(0% (,!$(0! &(,!$(0%' (,!$(0%' (,!$(0%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

122!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to HURRY (someone) along #-"#$.3# (3) &95!0-" 95!0-" 95!0-"1 &95!0-"' 95!0-"' 95!0-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(95!0% (95!0% (95!0! &(95!0%' (95!0%' (95!0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to HURRY / to hurry up / to be in a hurry / to rush #-"#$.3# (4) +%95!0%"! #%95!0%"! %95!0%"! #&%95!0%"! #%95!0%"!' %95!0%"!'

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%95!0%"-$! #%95!0%"-$! %95!0%"-$! #&%95!0%"-$! #%95!0%"-$!' %95!0%"-$!'

Use Present forms Use Aorist forms %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' !95!0%"3*(

123!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to HURT / to have pain / to ache :6(/('( (4)

Future

+2)(&! #2)(&! 12)(&! #&2)(&! #2)(&!' 12)(&!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!+2)(&$%"! !#2)(&$%"! !12)(&$%"! !#&2)(&$%"! !#2)(&$%"!' !12)(&$%"!'

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!+2)(&$! !#2)(&$! !12)(&$! !#&2)(&$! !#2)(&$!' !12)(&$!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

Use Aorist forms -$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' !2)(&%"3*(

to IMPROVE / to make better / to ameliorate 0#&*?23.,.3# (1) &!3+?-"%1%" !3+?-"%1%" !3+?-"%1%"1 &!3+?-"%1%"' !3+?-"%1%"' !3+?-"%1%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!3+?-"%1% #!!3+?-"%1% #!!3+?-"%1! #!&!3+?-"%1%' #!!3+?-"%1%' #!!3+?-"%1%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!3+?-"%1%"3*(

124!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to INDICATE / to point out / to designate / to mark out #@+(1/+# (1) !6&,(8,!& !6,(8,!& !6,(8,!&1 !6&,(8,!&' !6,(8,!&' !6,(8,!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!6&,(8,% !6,(8,% !6,(8,! !6&,(8,%' !6,(8,%' !6,(8,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to INFORM / to let know / to report / to communicate / to impart 1.:;23(+.3# (1) &!27-"(,%" !27-"(,%" !27-"(,%"1 &!27-"(,%"' !27-"(,%"' !27-"(,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&!27-"(,% 8%!27-"(,% 8%!27-"(,! 8%&!27-"(,%' 8%!27-"(,%' 8%!27-"(,%1

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

125!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to INTEND to / to plan / to promise / “going to” 4#>($.3# (1) &!.(0%" !.(0%" !.(0%"1 &!.(0%"' !.(0%"' !.(0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P. Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!.(0% $!!.(0% $!!.(0! $!&!.(0%' $!!.(0%' $!!.(0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!.(0%"3*( When followed by another verb, ‘$!.(0%"!’ can approximate the ‘Simple Future’ tense, e.g. “I am going to study”. The second verb should be either in the Optative or should be the Dat/Acc declension of the masdar.

to be INTERESTED in 4#(+:.$.,.3# (4) +!(,2%0%1%"1 #!(,2%0%1%"1 !(,2%0%1%"1 #&!(,2%0%1%"1 #!(,2%0%1%"' !(,2%0%1%"'

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!+!(,2%0%1! $!#!(,2%0%1! $!!(,2%0%1! $!#&!(,2%0%1! $!#!(,2%0%1!' $!!(,2%0%1!'

$!$! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%' $!(,2%0%1%"3*( / 1!(,2%0%1- (interesting)

126!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to INTERRUPT 1.5;/.:(+.3# (1) &!<7&%2(,%" !<7&%2(,%" !<7&%2(,%"1 &!<7&%2(,%"' !<7&%2(,%"' !<7&%2(,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&!<7&%2(,% 8%!<7&%2(,% 8%!<7&%2(,! 8%&!<7&%2(,%' 8%!<7&%2(,%' 8%!<7&%2(,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to INTRODUCE / to acquaint with / to familiarise with 0#!+23# (1) &!:,-" !:,-" !:,-"1 &!:,-"' !:,-"' !:,-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!:,% #!!:,% #!!:,#!&!:,%' #!!:,%' #!!:,%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!:,-"(*(

127!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to INVESTIGATE / to analyse / to research 0#*26/'./# (1) &()&*%& ()&*%& ()&*%&1 &()&*%&' ()&*%&' ()&*%&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+-&()&*(% #!+-()&*(% #!+-()&*(! #!+-&()&*(%' #!+-()&*(%' #!+-()&*(%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!+-)&*%3*(

to INVITE 4#>#:(=.3# (1) &.!2(/%" .!2(/%" .!2(/%"1 &.!2(/%"' .!2(/%"' .!2(/%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&.!2(/% $!.!2(/% $!.!2(/! $!&.!2(/%' $!.!2(/%' $!.!2(/%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!.!2(/%"3*(

128!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to IRON 4#&%2.3# (1) &!3'-%" !3'-%" !3'-%"1 &!3'-%"' !3'-%"' !3'-%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!3'-&% $!!3'-&% $!!3'-&! $!&!3'-&%' $!!3'-&%' $!!3'-&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!3'-%"3*(

to be JEALOUS .7/(#+23# (3) &%=&(!,-" %=&(!,-" %=&(!,-"1 &%=&(!,-"' %=&(!,-"' %=&(!,-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(%=&(!,% (%=&(!,% (%=&(!,! &(%=&(!,%' (%=&(!,%' (%=&(!,%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, %=&,%3*( / %=&(!,(

129!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to JOKE / to kid 8&*$23# (3) &>3+0-" >3+0-" >3+0-"1 &>3+0-"' >3+0-"' >3+0-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(>3+0% (>3+0% (>3+0! &(>3+0%' (>3+0%' (>3+0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to JUMP / to leap / to spring 8:2*# (2) &>2%"( >2%"( >2%"! &>2%"(' >2%"(' >2%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$!&>2( #!$!>2( #!$!>2! #!$!&>2(' #!$!>2(' #!$!>2,%,

#!$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!$!+>2!0(

130!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to KEEP / to preserve / to save 1.+#8/# (1) &(,!>!& (,!>!& (,!>!&1 &(,!>!&' (,!>!&' (,!>!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&(,!>% 8%(,!>% 8%(,!>! 8%&(,!>%' 8%(,!>%' 8%(,!>%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%,!>3*(

to KILL *26/'# (1) &)*!& )*!& )*!&1 &)*!&' )*!&' )*!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&)!*( +-)!*( +-)*! +-&)!*(' +-)!*(' +-)*%1

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-)*3*(

131!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to KISS 62!+# (1) &)-:,( )-:,( )-:,(1 &)-:,(' )-:,(' )-:,(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&!)-:% !)-:% !)-:! &!)-:%' !)-:%' !)-:%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!($( / ($( / ($! / ($(' / ($(' / ($,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, Use of the preverb +-- adds emphasis, i.e. ‘to cover with kisses’

to KNOCK / to tap 4#6#6&+.3# (1) &!)!)3,%" !)!)3,%" !)!)3,%"1 &!)!)3,%"' !)!)3,%"' !)!)3,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!)!)3,% $!!)!)3,% $!!)!)3,! $!&!)!)3,%' $!!)!)3,%' $!!)!)3,%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!)!)3,%"3*(

132!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to KNOW (someone) 0#!+23# (1) &(:,-" (:,-" (:,-"1 &(:,-"' (:,-"' (:,-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(:!,( #!(:!,( #!(:,#!&(:!,(' #!(:!,(' #!(:,%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!:,-"(*(

133!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to KNOW (something / a fact) !24+# (1)

Future

&(:( (:( (:(1 &(:(' (:(' (:(!,

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+%:-$(,%"! #%:-$(,%"! %:-$(,%"! #&%:-$(,%"! #%:-$(,%"!' %:-$(,%"!'

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P. Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(:-$( (:-$( (:-$! &(:-$(' (:-$(' (:-$,%,

Use Aorist forms -$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!:,-"( In the future, a type 4 version of the verb must be used, e.g. literally â&#x20AC;&#x153;(something) will be known to meâ&#x20AC;?.

134!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be LATE 4#0/(#+.3# (1) &!#&(!,%" !#&(!,%" !#&(!,%"1 &!#&(!,%"' !#&(!,%"' !#&(!,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!#&(!,% $!!#&(!,% $!!#&(!,! $!&!#&(!,%' $!!#&(!,%' $!!#&(!,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!#&(!,%"3*( / #&(!,(

to LAUGH 0#!(+.3# (3)

Future

&(:(,( (:(,( (:(,(1 &(:(,(' (:(,(' (:(,(!,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(:(,%" (:(,%" (:(,%"1 &(:(,%"' (:(,%"' (:(,%"%,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(:(,% (:(,% (:(,! &(:(,%' (:(,%' (:(,%1

-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

135!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to LAY DOWN (active) / to lie down 4#52'# (2) +% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&<%5( $!<%5( $!<&! $!&<%5(' $!<%5(' $!<&,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&<&%"( $!<&%"( $!<&%"! $!&<&%"(' $!<&%"(' $!<&%"(!,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&<&% $!<&% $!<&%1 $!&<&%' $!<&%' $!<&,%,

Imp+Cond: Subj: P.P.:

Optative

Future

&<%&!0 <%&>!0 <%&1 &<%&!0' <%&>!0' <&!,!,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!<-*(*(

to LEAVE / to abandon 4#:2/.3# (1) &2-&%" 2-&%" 2-&%"1 &2-&%"' 2-&%"' 2-&%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&2-&% $!2-&% $!2-&! $!&2-&%' $!2-&%' $!2-&%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!2-&%"3*(

136!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to LET GO / to release / to set free 0#1/.3# (1) &38&%" 38&%" 38&%"1 &38&%"' 38&%"' 38&%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&38&( #!38&( #!38&! #!&38&(' #!38&(' #!38&%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!8&%"3*(

137!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to LIE / to tell a lie *2:;&.3# (2) &(273%"( (273%"( (273%"! &(273%"(' (273%"(' (273%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&(273% +-(273% +-(273! +-&(273%' +-(273%' +-(273%1

+--$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-273%"3*(

138!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to LIFT / to raise / to turn up (e.g. one’s nose) #5./# (1) &<%& <%& <%&1 &<%&' <%&' <%&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P. Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&<(% !<(% !<(! !&<(%' !<(%' !<(%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !<%3*( :>&(0(1 !<%&! (to turn up one’s nose); >+(1 !<%&! (to raise one’s voice)

to LIKE *252+.3# (4) +% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-+%<-,! +-#%<-,! +-%<-,! +-#&%<-,! +-#%<-,!' +-%<-,!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-+%<-,%"! +-#%<-,%"! +-%<-,%"! +-#&%<-,%"! +-#%<-,%"!' +-%<-,%"!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-+<-,$! +-#<-,$! +-1<-,$! +-#&<-,$! +-#<-,$!' +-1<-,$!'

Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

-$! / -$! / -$! / -$! / -$!' / -$!' -1 / -1 / -1 / -1 / -' / -' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%' +-<-,%"3*(

139!

Imperfect

Future

+-+<-,1 +-#<-,1 +-1<-,1 +-#&<-,1 +-#<-,' +-1<-,'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to LISTEN to *2,*.+# (1) &31+%, 31+%, 31+%,1 &31+%,' 31+%,' 31+%,%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&31+(,% +-31+(,% +-31+(,! +-&31+(,%' +-31+(,%' +-31+(,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-1+%,(*(

to LIVE / to be alive / to exist ,(!2!8'. (3) &:-:>*-" :-:>*-" :-:>*-"1 &:-:>*-"' :-:>*-"' :-:>*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(:-:>*% (:-:>*% (:-:>*! &(:-:>*%' (:-:>*%' (:-:>*%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

140!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to LIVE in (a place) !82/$.3# (3) &:>-&0-" :>-&0-" :>-&0-"1 &:>-"0-"' :>-&0-"' :>-&0-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(:>-&0% (:>-&0% (:>-&0! &(:>-&0%' (:>-&0%' (:>-&0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, Although this verb is used with places only, the place still needs to go with a postposition, e.g. -8(

to LOCK 4#6.:/# (1) &)%2!& )%2!& )%2!&1 &)%2!&' )%2!&' )%2!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&)%2% $!)%2% $!)%2! $!&)%2%' $!)%2%' $!)%2%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!)%2(*(

141!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to LOOK FOR / to search for 9.3+# (1)

Future

&%;%" %;%" %;%"1 &%;%"' %;%"' %;%"%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&;%",( +-;%",( +-;%",(1 +-&;%",(' +-;%",(' +-;%",(!,

Imp: Imp: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&;%",% +-;%",% +-;%",! +-&;%",%' +-;%",%' +-;%",%1

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, -$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

142!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to LOOK LIKE / to resemble *,0#/,.3# (4)

Future

+#!&1 ##!&1 @#!&1 #&#!&1 +#!&' @#!&'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!+%+#!&,%"! $!#%+#!&,%"! $!%+#!&,%"! $!#&%+#!&,%"! $!#%+#!&,%"!' $!%+#!&,%"!'

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+#!&$! ##!&$! @#!&$! #&#!&$! ##!&$!' @#!&$!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Aorist forms -$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, -1 / -1 / -1 / -1 / -' / -' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%'

to LOSE 4#6#$0/# (1) &)!0#!& )!0#!& )!0#!&1 &)!0#!&' )!0#!&' )!0#!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&)!0#% $!)!0#% $!)!0#! $!&)!0#%' $!)!0#%' $!)!0#%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!)!0#3*(

143!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to LOVE ,(;/#$&'( (4) +% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+(7&!0$! 8%#(7&!0$! 8%37&!0$! 8%#&(7&!0$! 8%#(7&!0$!' 8%37&!0$!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%+(7&!0$%"! 8%#(7&!0$%"! 8%37&!0$%"! 8%#&(7&!0$%"! 8%#(7&!0$%"!' 8%37&!0$%"!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(7&!0$! #(7&!0$! 37&!0$! #&(7&!0$! #(7&!0$!' 37&!0$!'

Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

Imperfect

Future

+(7&!01 #(7&!01 37&!01 #&(7&!01 #(7&!0' 37&!0'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

-$! / -$! / -$! / -$! / -$!' / -$!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%' 8%7&!0%"3*(

to get LUCKY 0#&*#$%'# (4) +(+!0'*%"1 #(+!0'*%"1 3+!0'*%"1 #&(+!0'*%&1 #(+!0'*%"' 3+!0'*%"'

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+(+!0'*% #!#(+!0'*% #!3+!0'*% #!#&(+!0'*% #!#(+!0'*%' #!3+!0'*%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%' (6"*(!,(

144!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to MANAGE / to govern / to rule *#$%/# (1) &+!0'!& +!0'!& +!0'!&1 &+!0'!&' +!0'!&' +!0'!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&+!0'% +!0'% +!0'! &&+!0'%' +!0'%' +!0'%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +!0'3*(

to MANAGE (to do something) / to be skilled at (doing something) / to be dexterous at (doing something) *28.$8.3# (1) &!>%0>%" !>%0>%" !>%0>%"1 &!>%0>%"' !>%0>%"' !>%0>%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% +-&!>%0>% 8%, +-!>%0>% +!, +-!>%0>! 9&%, +-&!>%0>%' '5&%, +-!>%0>%' +!' +-!>%0>%1

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +->%0>%"3*(

145!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to MEAN / to signify +(1/+# (1) N/A N/A ,(8,!&1 N/A N/A N/A

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

N/A N/A ,(8,!&$! N/A N/A N/A

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present forms Use Aorist forms - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to MEASURE 0#)2*/# (1) &A-+!& A-+!& A-+!&1 &A-+!&' A-+!&' A-+!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% #!&A-+% 8%, #!A-+% +!, #!A-+! 9&%, #!&A-+%' '5&%, #!A-+%' +!' #!A-+%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

146!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to MEET / to meet up with 1.8/.4$# (2) &>&$%"( >&$%"( >&$%"! &>&$%"(' >&$%"(' >&$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%&>&$( 8%>&$( 8%>&$! 8%&>&$(' 8%>&$(' 8%>&$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to MELT / to fuse 4+23# (1) &!$,-" !$,-" !$,-"1 &!$,-"' !$,-"' !$,-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!$,% $!!$,% $!!$,$!&!$,%' $!!$,%' $!!$,%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+$,!0(

147!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to MISS (emotion) / to long for / to want for / to thirst for *2+#:$.3# (4)

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-+%,!20! +-#%,!20! +-%,!20! +-#&%,!20! +-#%,!20!' +-%,!20!'

Aorist

Present

+% +%,!20%"! 8%, #%,!20%"! +!1 %,!20%"! 9&%, #&%,!20%"! '5&%, #%,!20%"!' +!' %,!20%"!'

+--$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' +-,!20%"3*(

to MOAN / to groan 6/+.,# (3) &)&,%1( )&,%1( )&,%1(1 &)&,%1(' )&,%1(' )&,%1(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&()&,%1% ()&,%1% ()&,%1! &()&,%1%' ()&,%1%' ()&,%1%1

(-…-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, Can be use figuratively to mean ‘to suffer’

148!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be NAMED / to be called 4#$"*./# (4)

Future

+5&(! #5&(! @5&(! #&5&(! #5&(!' @5&(!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%05+%&! #%05+%&! %05+%&! #&%05+%&! #%05+%&!' %05+%&!'

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%05&! #%05&! %05&! #&%05&! #%05&!' %05&!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

-$! / -$! / -$! / -$! / -$!' / -$!' !1 / !1 / !1 / !1 / !' / !' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' $!05+%3*(

to NARROW / to become narrow 1./(5$2.3# (2) N/A N/A (<0-&$%"! N/A N/A (<0-&$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%-$! / -$,%, -1 / -, $%1 / $,%, 8%&(<0-%"3*(

149!

N/A N/A 8%(<0-&$! N/A N/A 8%(<0-&$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to NEED ,#7($2.3# (4)

Fut: Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+=(0$%"-$! #=(0$%"-$! =(0$%"-$! #&=(0$%"-$! #=(0$%"-$!' =(0$%"-$!!'

Aorist

Present

+% +=(0$%"! 8%, #=(0$%"! +!1 =(0$%"! 9&%, #&=(0$%"! '5&%,#=(0$%"!' +!' =(0$%"!'

Use Present forms Use Aorist forms -$! / -$! / -$! / -$! / -$!' / -$!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%'

to be NERVOUS +.$/(&'23# (3) &,%0&(3*-" ,%0&(3*-" ,%0&(3*-"1 &,%0&(3*-"' ,%0&(3*-"' ,%0&(3*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(,%0&(3*% (,%0&(3*% (,%0&(3*! &(,%0&(3*%' (,%0&(3*%' (,%0&(3*%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

150!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to NOD (oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s head) %#/(, 4#"+./# (1) '!&1 &!5,%& '!&1 !5,%& '!&1 !5,%&1 '!&1 &!5,%&' '!&1 !5,%&' '!&1 !5,%&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

'!&( $!&(5,(% '!&( $!(5,(% '!&( $!(5,(! '!&( $!&(5,(%' '!&( $!(5,(%' '!&( $!(5,(%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to OPEN 0#@.3# (1) &!6%" !6%" !6%"1 &!6%"' !6%"' !6%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% #!&!6% 8%, #!!6% +!, #!!69&%, #!&!6%' '5&%, #!!6%' +!' #!!6%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 6(!

151!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to ORDER (something, e.g. from a shop) 1.6/.%# (1) &3)&%'!& 3)&%'!& 3)&%'!&1 &3)&%'!&' 3)&%'!&' 3)&%'!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&3)&%'% 8%3)&%'% 8%3)&%'! 8%3)&%'%' 8%3)&%'%' 8%3)&%'%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%)&%'(*(

to ORGANISE / to arrange / to set up 0#$(0.3# (1) &!0(#%" !0(#%" !0(#%"1 &!0(#%"' !0(#%"' !0(#%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!0(#% #!!0(#% #!!0(#! #!&!0(#%' #!!0(#%' #!!0(#%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!0(#%"3*(

152!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PAY 0#4#84# (1) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!$!&(>$% #!$!(>$% #!$!(>$! #!$!&(>$%' #!$!(>$%' #!$!(>$%1

Imperfect

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(>$($( (>$($( (>$($! &(>$($(' (>$($(' (>$($,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$!&(>$($( #!$!(>$($( #!$!(>$($! #!$!&(>$($(' #!$!(>$($(' #!$!(>$($,%,

Fut: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

Conditional

&(>$( (>$( (>$(1 &(>$(' (>$(' (>$(!,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$!- / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!$!>$(*(

to PERFORM / to present 5#$*240.+# (1) <!0+-&!$#%, <!0+-!$#%, <!0+-!$#%,1 <!0+-&!$#%,' <!0+-!$#%,' <!0+-!$#,%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

<!0+-&!$#(,% <!0+-$#(,% <!0+-$#(,! <!0+-&!$#(,%' <!0+-$#(,%' <!0+-$#(,%1

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, <!0,-$#%,(*(

153!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PERSUADE / to convince / to coax 4#$5*&+.3# (1) &!0<+3,%" !0<+3,%" !0<+3,%"1 &!0<+3,%"' !0<+3,%"' !0<+3,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&% +!'

$!&!0<+3,% $!!0<+3,% $!!0<+3,! $!&!0<+3,%' ,$!!0<+3,%' $!!0<+3,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!0<+3,%"3*(

to PHOTO / to take a photo / to take a picture ,&$#%(, 0#4#@.3# (1) 130!'(1 &(6%" 130!'(1 (6%" 130!'(1 (6%"1 130!'(1 &(6%"' 130!'(1 (6%"' 130!'(1 (6%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

130!'(1 !+-&(6% 130!'(1 !+-(6% 130!'(1 !+-(6! 130!'(1 !+-&(6%' 130!'(1 !+-(6%' 130!'(1 !+-(6%1

#!$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, The present forms can be confused with the verbs ‘<!6%"!’ (‘to carry’), ‘!6%"!’ (‘to take / to accept’), ‘+(6%"!’ (‘to get / to receive’), etc.

154!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PLAN / to lay out 0#0.0*/# (1) &#%#+!& #%#+!& #%#+!&1 &#%#+!&' #%#+!&' #%#+!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&#%#+% $!#%#+% $!#%#+! $!&#%#+%' $!#%#+%' $!#%#+%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!#%#+(*(

to PLAY (a game) %#*#1( (3) &'!+!8-" '!+!8-" '!+!8-"1 &'!+!8-"' '!+!8-"' '!+!8-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&('!+!8% ('!+!8% ('!+!8! &('!+!8%' ('!+!8%' ('!+!8%1

(-â&#x20AC;Ś-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

155!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PLAY (a musical instrument) / to strike / to hit 4#6/$# (1) &3)0!& 3)0!& 3)0!&1 &3)0!&' 3)0!&' 3)0!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&3)!0( $!3)!0( $!3)0! $!&3)!0(' $!3)!0(' $!3)0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to become POOR 0#@#$(3.3# (2) &6!0("$%"( 6!0("$%"( 6!0("$%"! &6!0("$%"(' 6!0("$%"(' 6!0("$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&6!0("$( #!6!0("$( #!6!0("$! #!&6!0("$(' #!6!0("$(' #!6!0("$,%,

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!6!0("%"3*( (impoverished)

156!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to POUR (out) / to fill with 4#,8*# (1) &!1>!+ !1>!+ !1>!+1 &!1>!+' !1>!+' !1>!+%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!1>( $!!1>( $!!1>! $!&!1>(' $!!1>(' $!!1>%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!1>+3*(

to PRAY '2!/# (3) &*-:3*-" *-:3*-" *-:3*-"1 &*-:3*-"' *-:3*-"' *-:3*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(*-:% (*-:% (*-:! &(*-:%' (*-:%' (*-:%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

157!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PREFER #$-./# / &>($#:.,23(, *(+(7.3# (4) +(09%&,(! #(09%&,(! 309%&,(! #&(09%&,(! #(09%&,(!' 309%&,(!'

Fut: Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%09(&,! #+%09(&,! %09(&,! #&%09(&,! #%09(&,!' %09(&,!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

Use Present forms Use Aorist forms -$! / -$! / -$! / -$! / -$!' / -$!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%'

to PRESS / to push in (e.g. a button) %(%(, 4#7.$# (1) '('1 &!=%0 '('1 !=%0 '('1 !=%01 '('1 &!=%0' '('1 !=%0' '('1 !=%0%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

'('( $!&!=(0% '('( $!!=(0% '('( $!!=(0! '('( $!&!=(0%' '('( $!!=(0%' '('( $!!=(0%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

158!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PRINT (something) 4#3.74/# (1) &"%=$!& "%=$!& "%=$!&1 &"%=$!&' "%=$!&' "%=$!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&"%=$% $!"%=$% $!"%=$! $!&"%=$%' $!"%=$%' $!"%=$%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!"%=$(*(

to be PRINTING 4#3.74/# (1) N/A N/A ("%=$%"! N/A N/A ("%=$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!-$! / -$!' -' / ,%, $%1 / $,%, $!"%=$(*(

159!

N/A N/A $!("%=$! N/A N/A $!("%=$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PROCEED with / to continue / to go on 0#0$9.'.3# (2) &!#0;%*%" !#0;%*%" !#0;%*%"1 &!#0;%*%"' !#0;%*%"' !#0;%*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!#0;%*% #!!#0;%*% #!!#0;%*! #!&!#0;%*%' #!!#0;%*%' #!!#0;%*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!#0;%*%"3*(

to PROVE / to affirm / to assert / to maintain 4#*:6(!.3# (1) &!+2)(:%" !+2)(:%" !+2)(:%"1 &!+2)(:%"' !+2)(:%"' !+2)(:%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!+2)(:% $!!+2)(:% $!!+2)(:! $!&!+2)(:%' $!!+2)(:%' $!!+2)(:%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+2)(:%"3*(

160!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PUBLISH / to promulgate / to make public 0#*2"/.;+.3# (1) &!5&%7,%" !5&%7,%" !5&%7,%"1 &!5&%7,%"' !5&%7,%"' !5&%7,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% #!+-&5&%7,% 8%, #!+-5&%7,% +!, #!+-5&%7,! 9&%, #!+-&5&%7,%' '5&%, #!+-5&%7,%' +!' #!+-5&%7,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!+-5&%7,%"3*(

to PULL *2"#-/# (1) &5!9!& 5!9!& 5!9!&1 &5!9!&' 5!9!&' 5!9!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&5!9% +-5!9% +-5!9! +-&5!9%' +-5!9%' +-5!9%1

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

161!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PUNISH 4#,?# (1) &1?( 1?( 1?(1 &1?(' 1?(' 1?(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&1!?% $!1!?% $!1!?! $!&1!?%' $!1!?%' $!1!?%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!1?(*(

to PUSH / to put pressure on *(52'# (1) &!<&%"( !<&%"( !<&%"! &!<&%"(' !<&%"(' !<&%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+(&!<%5( +(!<%5( +(!<&! +(&!<%5(' +(!<%5(' +(!<&,%,

+($( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

162!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PUT / to place 4#40*# (1) &$#!+ $#!+ $#!+1 &$#!+' $#!+' $#!+%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&$#( $!$#( $!$#! $!&$#(' $!$#(' $!$#%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to PUT down / to lay 4#4.3# (1) &$%" $%" $%"1 &$#!+' &$%"' $%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&$% $!$% $!$$!&$%' $!$%' $!$%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!$%"3*(

163!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to PUT on / to dress -#!*# (1) &(:&!+ (:&!+ (:&!+1 &(:&!+' (:&!+' (:&!+%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

9!&(:&( 9!(:&( 9!(:&! 9!&(:&(' 9!(:&(' 9!(:&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

9!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 9!:+3*(

to RAIN 5/(*# (2) N/A N/A <&(+1 N/A N/A N/A

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!' !<&(+$%"! <&(+$! <&(+$! <&(+$%1

164!

N/A N/A <&(+$! N/A N/A N/A

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to READ 5#6(%8/# (1) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

<!&()('>% <!()('>% <!()('>! <!&()('>%' <!()('>%' <!()('>%1

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

<!&()('>!& <!()('>!& <!()('>!&1 <!&()('>!&' <!()('>!&' <!()('>!&%,

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

<!&()('><!()('><!()('>-1 <!&()('>-' <!()('>-' <!()('>-,

Imp+Cond**: Subj: P.P.:

Optative

Future

&)('>3*-" )('>3*-" )('>3*-"1 &)('>3*-"' )('>3*-"' )('>3*-"%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, <!)('>3*(

to make READY / to prepare for / to train for *2*)#4.3# (1) &!+A!$%" !+A!$%" !+A!$%"1 &!+A!$%"' !+A!$%"' !+A!$%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&!+A!$% +-!+A!$% +-!+A!$! +-&!+A!$%' +-!+A!$%' +-!+A!$%1

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-+A!$%"3*(

165!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to REALISE / to become aware / to be conscious of !+23(.$.3# (1) &!:,-"(%0%" !:,-"(%0%" !:,-"(%0%"1 &!:,-"(%0%"' !:,-"(%0%"' !:,("3%0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P. Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!:,-"(%0% #!!:,-"(%0% #!!:,-"(%0! #!&!:,-"(%0%' #!!:,-"(%0%' #!!:,-"(%0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!:,-"(%0%"3*( It is also common to use the verb ‘+-1+%,!’ + the adverb ‘)!0#!$’ to convey ‘to realise’

166!

to RECOMMEND $-./# (1) &309%& 309%& 309%&1 &309%&' 309%&' 309%&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&309%&$( 309%&$( 309%&$! &309%&$(' 309%&$(' 309%&$,%,

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

167!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to REDUCE / to lessen / to diminish / to abate 4#6'.3# (1) &!)*%" !)*%" !)*%"1 &!)*%"' !)*%"' !)*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!)%*( $!!)%*( $!!)*$!&!)%*(' $!!)%*(' $!!)*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!)*%"3*(

to REFRESH (e.g. an internet page) 0#+#8'.3# (1) &!,!>*%" !,!>*%" !,!>*%"1 &!,!>*%"' !,!>*%"' !,!>*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!,&!!>*% #!,!!>*% #!,!!>*! #!,&!!>*%' #!,!!>*%' #!,!!>*%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!,!>*%"3*(

168!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to REFUSE &#$(, %"*# (2) 3!01 &%3",%"( 3!01 %3",%"( 3!01 %3",%"! 3!01 &%3",%"(' 3!01 %3",%"(' 3!01 %3",%"(!,

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

3!01 &%27&( 3!01 %27&( 3!01 %27&(1 3!01 &%27&(' 3!01 %27&(' 3!01 %27&(!,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

3!0( &3'>!0( 3!0( 3'>!0( 3!0( 3'>0! 3!0( &3'>!0(' 3!0( 3'>!0(' 3!0( 3'>0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to REGRET ,(+#+&'( (3) &,!,-" ,!,-" ,!,-"1 &,!,-"' ,!,-"' ,!,-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(,!,% (,!,% (,!,! &(,!,%' (,!,%' (,!,%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

169!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to REIMBURSE / to compensate #+#)@#&$.3# (1) &!,!A6!30%" !,!A6!30%" !,!A6!30%"1 &!,!A6!30%"' !,!A6!30%"' !,!A6!30%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&!,!A6!30% !!,!A6!30% !!,!A6!30! !&!,!A6!30%' !!,!A6!30%' !!,!A6!30%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !,!A6!30%"3*(

to REMEMBER 8,2/+# (4) +!>1-&1 #!>1-&1 !>1-&1 #&!>1-&1 #!>1-&' !>1-&'

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%>1-+%"! #%>1-+%"! %>1-+%"! #&%>1-+%"! #%>1-+%"!' %>1-+%"!'

Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+!>1-&$! #!>1-&$! !>1-&$! #&!>1-&$! #!>1-&$!' !>1-&$!'

Use Aorist forms -$! / -$! / -$! / -$! / -$!' / -$!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%'

170!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to REMOVE from / to withdraw / to take out of #*2@.3# (1) &(6%" (6%" (6%"1 &(6%"' (6%"' (6%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!+-&(6% !+-(6% !+-(6!+-&(6%' !+-(6%' !+-(6%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !+-6%"3*( The present forms can be confused with the verbs ‘<!6%"!’ (‘to carry’), ‘!6%"!’ (‘to take / to accept’) / ‘+(6%"!’ (‘to get / to receive’)

to RENT (for oneself, as a tenant) 4#"($./.3# (3) &5(0!-" 5(0!-" 5(0!-"1 &5(0!-"' 5(0!-"' 5(0!-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(5(0!&% (5(0!&% (5(0!&! &(5(0!&%' (5(0!&%' (5(0!&%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!5(0!&%"3*(

171!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to RENT out / to let (as an owner) 0#"($#/.3# (1) &!5(0!&%" !5(0!&%" !5(0!&%"1 &!5(0!&%"' !5(0!&%"' !5(0!&%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!5(0!&% #!!5(0!&% #!!5(0!&! #!&!5(0!&% #!!5(0!&%' #!!5(0!&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!5(0!&%"3*(

to REPEAT 0#*.2$.3# (1) &(+%-0%" (+%-0%" (+%-0%"1 &(+%-0%"' (+%-0%"' (+%-0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(+%-0% #!(+%-0% #!(+%-0! #!&(+%-0%' #!(+%-0%' #!(+%-0%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

172!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to REQUEST / to ask for %82/+# (1) &'>-& '>-& '>-&1 &'>-&' '>-&' '>-&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&'>-&% '>-&% '>-&! &'>-&%' '>-&%' '>-&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to RESERVE / to book / to have set aside 4#?#/1+# (1) &?!&8,( ?!&8,( ?!&8,(1 &?!&8,(' ?!&8,(' ?!&8,(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&?!&8,% $!?!&8,% $!?!&8,! $!&?!&8,%' $!?!&8,%' $!?!&8,%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!?!&8,(*(

173!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to REST / to take a break 4#,/.+.3# (1) &(1&%,%" (1&%,%" (1&%,%"1 &(1&%,%"' (1&%,%"' (1&%,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&(1&%,% $!(1&%,% $!(1&%,! $!&(1&%,%' $!(1&%,%' $!(1&%,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!1&%,%"3*(

to RETURN to 4#3$&+.3# (2) &"03,$%"( "03,$%"( "03,$%"! &"03,$%"(' "03,$%"(' "03,$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&"03,$( $!"03,$( $!"03,$! $!&"03,$(' $!"03,(%' $!"03,$,%,

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!"03,%"3*(

174!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to become RICH / to get rich 0#*4(4$.3# (2) &+$($0$%"( +$($0$%"( +$($0$%"! &+$($0$%"(' +$($0$%"(' +$($0$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&+$($0$( #!+$($0$( #!+$($0$! #!&+$($0$(' #!+$($0$(' $!+$($0$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +$($!0(

to RUN ,($3('( (2) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(0"(,% (0"(,% (0"(,! &(0"(,%' (0"(,%' (0"(,%1

Imperfect

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&0"-$( $!0"-$( $!0"-$! $!&0"-$(' $!0"-$(' $!0"-$,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(0"%,$( (0"%,$( (0"%,$! &(0"%,$(' (0"%,$(' (0"%,$,%,

Fut: Opt: Subj: Notes:

Use Present forms - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, The usual motion preverbs can be used here, e.g. +-(to run out to), +(- (to run in to), etc.

175!

Conditional

$!&0"(&!0 $!0"(>!0 $!0"(1 $!&0"(&!0' $!0"(>!0' $!0"(!,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SATISFY / to satiate / to make content 4#6*#;2<('.3# (1) &!)+!7-4(*%" !)+!7-4(*%" !)+!7-4(*%"1 &!)+!7-4(*%"' !)+!7-4(*%"' !)+!7-4(*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!)+!7-4(*% $!!)+!7-4(*% $!!)+!7-4(*! $!&!)+!7-4(*%' $!!)+!7-4(*%' $!!)+!7-4(*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!)+!7-4(*%"3*(

to SAVE (the life of) / to rescue 0#4#$-.+# (1) &!09%, !09%, !09%,1 &!09%,' !09%,' !09%,%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!$!&!09(,% #!$!!09(,% #!$!!09(,! #!$!&!09(,%' #!$!!09(,%' #!$!!09(,%1

#!$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!$!09%,(*(

176!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SAW / to saw off *28.$8/# (1) &>%0>!& >%0>!& >%0>!&1 &>%0>!&' >%0>!&' >%0>!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&!>%0>% +-!>%0>% +-!>%0>! +-&!>%0>%' +-!>%0>%' +-!>%0>%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +->%0>(*(

to SAY %"*# (1) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&'5&( '5&( '5&! &'5&(' '5&(' '5&%1

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(27&( (27&( (27&(1 &(27&(' (27&(' (27&(!,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(27-$( (27-$( (27-$! &(27-$(' (27-$(' (27-$,%,

Imp: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!'5&!+(

177!

Conditional

Future

&!+"-" !+"-" !+"-"1 &!+"-"' !+"-"' !+"-"%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SCRUB / to brush 0#8.8/# (1) &(>%>!& (>%>!& (>%>!&1 &(>%>!&' (>%>!&' (>%>!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(>%>% #!(>%>% #!(>%>! #!&(>%>%' #!(>%>%' #!(>%>%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!>%>(*(

to SEE +#8/# (1)

Future

&>%$!& >%$!& >%$!&1 &>%$!&' >%$!&' >%$!&%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&,!>!& ,!>!& ,!>!&1 &,!>!&' ,!>!&' ,!>!&%,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&,!>% ,!>% ,!>! &,!>%' ,!>%' ,!>%1

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, Use of the preverb ‘$!&(’ adds a sense of intensity / or extra distance.

178!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SEEM that / to think that / to have the impression that 02+.3# (4) +% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%#-,! #%#-,! %#-,! #&%#-,! #%#-,!' %#-,!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+%#-,%"! #%#-,%"! %#-,%"! #&%#-,%"! #%#-,%"!' %#-,%"!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+%#-,! #%#-,! %#-,! #&%#-,! #%#-,!' %#-,!'

Cond: Opt: Subj:

Imperfect

Future

+#-,(! ##-,(! @#-,(! #&#-,(! ##-,(!' @#-,(!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, -1 / -1 / -1 / -1 / -' / -' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%'

to SELL 0#;(4/# (1) &7($( 7($( 7($(1 &7($(' 7($(' 7($(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&7($% #!7($% #!7($! #!&7($%' #!7($%' #!7($%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!7($3*(

179!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SEND / to post / to mail 0#0)#/+# (1) &#A!&,( #A!&,( #A!&,(1 &#A!&,(' #A!&,(' #A!&,(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&#A!&,% #!#A!&,% #!#A!&,! #!&#A!&,%2 #!#A!&,%' #!#A!&,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!#A!&,(*(

to SEPARATE / to divide / to break up / to split 4#;2<# (1) &7-4 7-4 7-41 &7-4' 7-4' 7-4%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&7!&( $!7!&( $!7$!&7!&(' $!7!&(' $!7&%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, ! / ! / !1 / !' / !' / !, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!7-4(*( Try not to confuse with the similar verb ‘#!7-4!’ (‘to allot’ / ‘to partition’ / ‘to divide up’). Present forms for both are the same however.

180!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SERVE / to attend to / to be of service to *2*,#8&$.3# (2) &%+1!>30%"( %+1!>30%"( %+1!>30%"! &%+1!>30%"(' %+1!>30%"(' %+1!>30%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-&%+1!>30% +-%+1!>30% +-%+1!>30! +-&%+1!>30%' +-%+1!>30%' +-%+1!>30,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+--$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to SET a table 0#5;23# (1) &!<7-" !<7-" !<7-"1 &!<7-"' !<7-"' !<7-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!<7% #!!<7% #!!<7#!&!<7%' #!!<7%' #!!<7%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

181!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SHAKE oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s head %#/(, 0#"+./# (1) '!&1 &(5,%& '!&1 (5,%& '!&1 (5,%&1 '!&1 &(5,%&' '!&1 (5,%&' '!&1 (5,%&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

'!&( #!&(5,(% '!&( #!(5,(% '!&( #!(5,(! '!&( #!&(5,(%' '!&( #!(5,(%' '!&( #!(5,(%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to SHARE 0#)(#$.3# (1) &(A(!0%" (A(!0%" (A(!0%"1 &(A(!0%"' (A(!0%"' (A(!0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(A(!0% #!(A(!0% #!(A(!0! #!&(A(!0%' #!(A(!0%' #!(A(!0%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!A(!0%"3*(

182!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SHAVE 0#>#$,/# (1) &(.!01!& (.!01!& (.!01!&1 &(.!01!&' (.!01!&' (.!01!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(.!01% #!(.!01% #!(.!01! #!&(.!01%' #!(.!01%' #!(.!01%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!.!013*(

to SHOOT / to cast / to throw ,$2'# (1) &(1&0( (1&0( (1&0! &(1&0(' (1&0(' (1&0(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(10-*% (10-*% (10-*! &(10-*%' (10-*%' (10-*%1

Use Present forms ($( / ($( / ($! / ($(' / ($(' / ($,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!10-*(

183!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SHOOT at / to throw to (someone) ,$2'# (1) &%1&0( %1&0( %1&0(1 &%1&0(' %1&0(' %1&0(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&%10-*% %10-*% %10-*! &%10-*%' %10-*%' %10-*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present forms ($( / ($( / ($! / ($(' / ($(' / ($,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to SHORTEN / to abbreviate 1.*26'.3# (1) &(+-)*%" (+-)*%" (+-)*%"1 &(+-)*%"' (+-)*%"' (+-)*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

8%&(+-)*% 8%(+-)*% 8%(+-)*! 8%&(+-)*%' 8%(+-)*%' 8%(+-)*%1

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 8%+-)*%"3*(

184!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SHOUT / to scream / to yell ;/($('( (3)

Future

&7&(0( 7&(0( 7&(0(1 &7&(0(' 7&(0(' 7&(0(!,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&(7&(0%" (7&(0%" (7&(0%"1 &(7&(0%"' (7&(0%"' (7&(0%"%,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(7(0% (7&(0% (7&(0! &(7&(0%' (7&(0%' (7&(0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to SHOW / to testify / to give evidence -/.+.3# (1) &!9&%,%" !9&%,%" !9&%,%"1 &!9&%,%"' !9&%,%"' !9&%,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&!9&%,% !9&%,% !9&%,! &!9&%,%' !9&%,%' !9&%,%1

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!9&%,%"(

185!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SIGN / to provide a signature *25.$# (1) &!<%0 >%*1 !<%0 >%*1 !<%01 >%*1 &!<%0' >%*1 !<%0' >%*1 !<%0%, >%*1

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&!<%0% >%*( +-!<%0% >%*( +-!<%0! >%*( +-&!<%0%' >%*( +-!<%0%' >%*( +-!<%0%1 >%*(

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, >%*+-<%0(*(

to SING ,(*@.$# (3) &+6%0( +6%0( +6%0(1 &+6%0(' +6%0(' +6%0(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(+6%0% (+6%0% (+6%0! &(+6%0%' (+6%0%' (+6%0%1

(-...-%" -$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

186!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SIT / to sit down (active) 4#?42*# (2) &?$%"( ?$%"( ?$%"! &?$%"(' ?$%"(' ?$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&?%5( $!?%5( $!?$! $!&?%5(' $!?%5(' $!?$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, The Imperative forms are irregular: $!?%)((')

to SLEEP 9('( (3) +;(,!&1 #;(,!&1 1;(,!&1 #&;(,!&1 #;(,!&' 1;(,!&'

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(;(,% (;(,% (;(,! &(;(,%' (;(,%' (;(,%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

187!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to send to SLEEP / to lull to sleep / to hypnotise / to be sleepy 4#9(+.3# (1) &(;(,%" (;(,%" (;(,%"1 &(;(,%"' (;(,%"' (;(,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&(;(,% $!(;(,% $!(;(,! $!&(;(,%' $!(;(,%' $!(;(,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to SMILE 0#@(*.3# (1/3) &(6(+( (6(+( (6(+(1 &(6(+(' (6(+(' (6(+(!,

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&(6(+%" #!(6(+%" #!(6(+%"1 #!&(6(+%"' #!(6(+%"' #!(6(+%"%,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(6(+% #!(6(+% #!(6(+! #!&(6(+%' #!(6(+%' #!(6(+%1

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!6(+%"3*(

188!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SMOKE *25./# (1) Aorist

Present

+% &%<%&( +% +-&<(% 8%, %<%&( 8%, +-<(% (1 %<%&! +!, +-<(! 9&%, &%<%&(' 9&%, +-&<(%' '5&%, %<%&(' '5&%, +-<(%' (1(,( %<%&(!, +!' +-<(%1 Fut: +-Imp+Cond: $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, Opt: - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, Subj: $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to SNEEZE 4#!.*(+.3# (1) &!:%+(,%" !:%+(,%" !:%+(,%"1 &!:%+(,%"' !:%+(,%"' !:%+(,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!:%+(,% $!!:%+(,% $!!:%+(,! $!&!:%+(,%' $!!:%+(,%' $!!:%+(,%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

189!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SPEAK '#>#$#6( (3) &*!.!0!)-" *!.!0!)-" *!.!0!)-"1 &*!.!0!)-"' *!.!0!)-"' *!.!0!)-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(*!.!0!)% (*!.!0!)% (*!.!0!)! &(*!.!0!)%' (*!.!0!)%' (*!.!0!)%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to SPEAK (in gen.) / to be speaking / to be talking '#>#$#6( (2) &%*!.!0!)%"( %*!.!0!)%"( %*!.!0!)%"! &%*!.!0!)%"(' %*!.!0!)%"(' %*!.!0!)%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&%*!.!0!)% %*!.!0!)% %*!.!0!)! &%*!.!0!)%' %*!.!0!)%' %*!.!0!),%,

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

190!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SPELL / to divide into syllables 4#*#$!/'# (1) &+!0:&*!& +!0:&*!& +!0:&*!&1 &+!0:&*!&' +!0:&*!&' +!0:&*!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&+!0:&*% $!+!0:&*% $!+!0:&*! $!&+!0:&*%' $!+!0:&*%' $!+!0:&*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!+!0:&*3*(

to SPEND (money) 4#8#$?/# (1) &>!0?!& >!0?!& >!0?!&1 &>!0?!&' >!0?!&' >!0?!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&>!0?% $!>!0?% $!>!0?! $!&>!0?%' $!>!0?%' $!>!0?%1

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!>!0?3*(

191!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SPEND (time) / to pass time 4$2, 0#:#$.3# (1) &!2!0%" !2!0%" !2!0%"1 &!2!0%"' !2!0%"' !2!0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!2!0% #!!2!0% #!!2!0! #!&!2!0%' #!!2!0%' #!!2!0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!2!0%"3*(

to be SPOILED / to be ruined / to be out of order / to be out of service / to be corrupted / to be broken (down) 0#<&7.3# (2) &43=$%"( 43=$%"( 43=$%"! &43=$%"(' 43=$%"(' 43=$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&43=$( #!43=$( #!43=$! #!&43=$(' #!43=$(' #!43=$,%,

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!43=%"3*(

192!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to STAND (active) / to stand up / to get up / to rise #402*# (2) &$#%"( $#%"( $#%"! &$#%"(' $#%"(' $#%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!&$%5( !$%5( !$#! !&$%5(' !&$%5(' !$#,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to STAND (static) / to be STANDING 402*# (2) +% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&($%5( ($%5( ($#! &($%5(' ($%5(' ($#,%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&($#%"( ($#%"( ($#%"! &($#%"(' ($#%"(' ($#%"(!,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&($#%"-$( ($#%"-$( ($#%"-$! &($#%"-$(' ($#%"-$(' ($#%"-$,%,

Imp: Opt: Subj:

Use Aorist forms % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

193!

Conditional

Future

&$#!&!0 $#!>!0 $#!1 &$#!&!0' $#!>!0' $#!,!,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to STEAL / to pilfer / to rob *2>#$/# (1) &(.!0!& (.!0!& (.!0!&1 &(.!0!&' (.!0!&' (.!0!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&(.!0% +-(.!0% +-(.!0! +-&(.!0%' +-(.!0%' +-(.!0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-.!03*(

to STOP / to halt / to bring to a stop 0#-.$.3# (1) &!9%0%" !9%0%" !9%0%"1 &!9%0%"' !9%0%"' !9%0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!9%0% #!!9%0% #!!9%0! #!&!9%0%' #!!9%0%' #!!9%0%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!9%0%"3*(

194!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to STUDY / to learn (3) &1<!&*-" 1<!&*-" 1<!&*-"1 &1<!&*-"' 1<!&*-"' 1<!&*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(1<!&*% (1<!&*% (1<!&*! &(1<!&*%' (1<!&*%' (1<!&*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to STYLE / to dress up / do (s.o.’s) hair 4#/#$!8+# (1) &(&!0:>,( (&!0:>,( (&!0:>,(1 &(&!0:>,(' (&!0:>,(' (&!0:>,(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&(&!0:>,% $!(&!0:>,% $!(&!0:>,! $!&(&!0:>,%' $!(&!0:>,%' $!(&!0:>,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!&!0:>,(*( Add the word ‘?!#0(1('’ to mean ‘to brush s.o.’s hair’. Add ‘1!&!0:>*('’ to mean ‘to comb s.o.’s hair’.

195!

to SUBSCRIBE 0#*25.$# (1) &(<%0 (<%0 (<%01 &(<%0' (<%0' (<%0%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+-&(<%0% #!+-(<%0% #!+-<%0! #!+-&(<%0%' #!+-<%0%' #!+-(<%0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!+-<%0(*(

to SUCK 52/# (1) &<-& <-& <-&1 &<-&' <-&' <-&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&<-&% +-<-&% +-<-&! +-&<-&%' +-<-&%' +-<-&%1

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

196!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SUFFER 5/#'.3# (3) &<&!*-" <&!*-" <&!*-"1 &<&!*-"' <&!*-"' <&!*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(<&!*% (<&!*% (<&!*! &(<&!*%' (<&!*%' (<&!*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to SUPPOSE / to assume / to presume /#$#&4( (3) &&!0!3$-" &!0!3$-" &!0!3$-"1 &&!0!3$-"' &!0!3$-"' &!0!3$-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(&!0!3$% (&!0!3$% (&!0!3$! &(&!0!3$%' (&!0!3$%' (&!0!3$%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, &!0!3$(' (supposedly / presumably / assumedly)

197!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be SURPRISED / to be amazed / to be astonished / to be in wonder 0#6/($/.3# (4) +()&(01 #()&(01 3)&(01 #&()&(01 #()&(0' 3)&(0'

Fut: Imp: Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+()&(0$! #!#()&(0$! #!3)&(0$! #!#&()&(0$! #!#()&(0$!' #!3)&(0$!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!Use Aorist forms $! / $! / $! / $! / $!' / $!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%1 / $%' / $%' #!)&(0&%"3*(

to SWALLOW ;'#>/# (1) &7*!.!& 7*!.!& 7*!.!&1 &7*!.!&' 7*!.!&' 7*!.!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!$!&7*!.% #!$!7*!.% #!$!7*!.! #!$!&7*!.%' #!$!7*!.%' #!$!7*!.%1

#!$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

198!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to SWAY / to shake +9$./# (1) &!,;0%& !,;0%& !,;0%&1 &!,;0%&' !,;0%&' !,;0%&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!,;0(% $!!,;0(% $!!,;0(! $!&!,;0(%' $!!,;0(%' $!!,;0(%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, Be cautious as this verb is also used to mean â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;to masturbateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

to SWIM !&$/# (3) &:30!& :30!& :30!&1 &:30!&' :30!&' :30!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(:30!&% (:30!&% (:30!&! &(:30!&%' (:30!&%' (:30!&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, The Aorist variants &(:30% / (:30% / (:30! are occasionally seen but the longer forms are more widely used.

199!

to TAKE / to accept #@.3# (1) &(6%" (6%" (6%"1 &(6%"' (6%"' (6%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&(6% !(6% !(6!&(6%' !(6%' !(6%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, The present forms can be confused with the verbs ‘<!6%"!’ (‘to carry’), ‘+(6%"!’ (‘to get / to receive’) / ‘!+-6%"!’ (‘to remove from / to withdraw / to take out of’)

to TAKE off / to undress 0#84# (1) &(>$( (>$( (>$(1 &(>$(' (>$(' (>$(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(>$% #!(>$% #!(>!$! #!&(>$%' #!(>$%' #!(>!$%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!>$(*(

200!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to TALK / to chat / to converse ,#&3#$( (3) &1!3"0-" 1!3"0-" 1!3"0-"1 &1!3"0-"' 1!3"0-"' 1!3"0-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(1!3"0% (1!3"0% (1!3"0! &(1!3"0%' (1!3"0%' (1!3"0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to TASTE / to try (e.g. food, drink) 0#,(+?/# (1) &1(,?!& 1(,?!& 1(,?!&1 &1(,?!&' 1(,?!&' 1(,?!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&1(,?% #!1(,?% #!1(,?! #!&1(,?%' #!1(,?%' #!1(,?%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!1(,?3*(

201!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to TEACH / to train / to instruct ,5#/'.3# (1) &!1<!&*( !1<!&*( !1<!&*(1 &!1<!&*(' !1<!&*(' !1<!&*(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&!1<!&*% !1<!&*% !1<!&*! &!1<!&*%' !1<!&*%' !1<!&*%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use Present Forms ($( / ($( / ($! / ($(' / ($(' / ($,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to TELL %"*# (1) +% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&%27&( %27&( %27&(1 &%27&(' %27(' %27&(!,

+% &%27-$( 8%, %27-$( +!, %27-$! 9&%, &%27-$(' '5&%, %27-$(' (1(,( %27-$,%,

Imp: Opt: Subj:

&3'>!0( 3'>!0( 3'>0! &3'>!0(' 3'>!0(' 3'>0%1

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

202!

Aorist

Future

&%3",%"( %3",%"( %3",%"! &%3",%"(' %3",%"(' %3",%"(!,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to TEMPT !4&+.3# (1)

Future

&!:$3,%" !:$3,%" !:$3,%"1 &!:$3,%"' !:$3,%"' !:$3,%"%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

8%&!:$%, 8%!:$%, 8%!:$%,1 8%&!:$%,' 8%!:$%,' 8%!:$%,%,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&!:$3,% !:$3,% !:$3,! &!:$3,%' !:$3,%' !:$3,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to THINK <("$( (3) &4(50-" 4(50-" 4(50-"1 &4(50-"' 4(50-"' 4(50-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(4(50% (4(50% (4(50! &(4(50%' (4(50%' (4(50%1

(-â&#x20AC;Ś-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

203!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to THREATEN / to menace / to imtimidate / to bully 4#*&"$.3# (1) &%+350%"( %+350%"( %+350%"! &%+350%"(' %+350%"(' %+350%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&%+350% $!%+350% $!%+350! $!&%+350%' $!%+350%' $!%+350,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to THROW away / to discard / to drop / to get rid of 0#4#04.3# (1) &!#$%" !#$%" !#$%"1 &!#$%"' !#$%"' !#$%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!$!&!#$% #!$!!#$% #!$!!#$#!$!&!#$%' #!$!!#$%' #!$!!#$%1

#!$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!$!#$%"3*(

204!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to TIDY / to put in order / to clean up 4#'#0.3# (1) &!*!#%" !*!#%" !*!#%"1 &!*!#%"' !*!#%"' !*!#%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&!*!#% $!!*!#% $!!*!#! $!&!*!#%' $!!*!#%' $!!*!#%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!*!#%"3*(

to TIGHTEN / to screw in *27.$# (1) &3=%0 3=%0 3=%01 &3=%0' 3=%0' 3=%0%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&3=(0% +-3=(0% +-3=(0! +-&3=(0%' +-3=(0%' +-3=(0%1

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-=%0(*(

205!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be TIRED / to get tired 4#@'# (2) &(6*%"( (6*%"( (6*%"! &(6*%"(' (6*%"(' (6*%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&(6!*% $!(6!*% $!(6!*! $!&(6!*%' $!(6!*%' $!(6!*,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

Use P.P. + Fut forms of 7-4,! Use P.P. + Imp/Cond forms of 7-4,! Use P.P. + Opt forms of 7-4,! Use P.P. + Subj forms of 7-4,! $!6*(*(

to (make a) TOAST 4@.0$9.'23# (1) &!$6%#0;%*%" !$6%#0;%*%" !$6%#0;%*%"1 &!$6%#0;%*%"' !$6%#0;%*%"' !$6%#;%*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&!$6%#0;%*% !$6%#0;%*% !$6%#0;%*! &!$6%#0;%*%' !$6%#0;%*%' !$6%#0;%*%1

Use Present Forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

206!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to TOUCH 1.8.3# (1)

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%&%>% 8%, 8%%>% (1 8%%>9&%, 8%&%>%' '5&%,8%%>%' (1(,( 8%%>%,

8%$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

207!

Aorist

Present

+% &%>%"( 8%, %>%"( (1 %>%"! 9&%, &%>%"(' '5&%, %>%"(' (1(,( %>%"(!,

to TRANSLATE 0#4#%#$0*+# (1) &'!0#+,( '!0#+,( '!0#+,(1 &'!0#+,(' '!0#+,(' '!0#+,(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!$!&'!0#+,% #!$!'!0#+,% #!$!'!0#+,! #!$!&'!0#+,%' #!$!'!0#+,%' #!$!'!0#+,%1

#!$!($( / ($( / ($! / ($(' / ($(' / ($,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!$!'!0#+,(*(

208!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to TRAVEL / to take a trip / to (take a) journey *0)#/$23# (1) &+#A!&0-" +#A!&0-" +#A!&0-"1 &+#A!&0-"' +#A!&0-"' +#A!&0-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(+#A!&0% (+#A!&0% (+#A!&0! &(+#A!&0%' (+#A!&0%' (+#A!&0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to TREAT (medical) / to cure *6&$+#'23# (1) &)30,!& )30,!& )30,!&1 &)30,!&' )30,!&' )30,!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!,&)30,% #!,)30,% #!,)30,! #!,&)30,%' #!,)30,%' #!,)30,%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!,)30,%"3*(

209!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be undergoing TREATMENT / to be being treated *6&$+#'23# (3) &+)30,!*-" +)30,!*-" +)30,!*-"1 &+)30,!*-"' +)30,!*-"' +)30,!*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% &(+)30,!*% 8%, (+)30,!*% +!, (+)30,!*! 9&%, &(+)30,!*%' '5&%, (+)30,!*%' +!' (+)30,!*%1

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

210!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to TRUST +423# (1) &%,$-"( %,$-"( %,$-"! &%,$-"(' %,$-"(' %,$-"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&%,$% %,$% %,$&%,$%' %,$%' %,$,%,

Use Present forms -$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

211!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to TRY / to test / to trial / to attempt / to experiment !4# (3) &:$(*-" :$(*-" :$(*-"1 &:$(*-"' :$(*-"' :$(*-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&:!$% 1:!$% 1:!$! &:!$%' 1:!$%' 1:!$%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!:!$(

to TRY on (e.g. clothing, shoes *2)2*/# (1) &(A-+!& (A-+!& (A-+!&1 &(A-+!&' (A-+!&' (A-+!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&(A-+% +-(A-+% +-(A-+! +-&(A-+%' +-(A-+%' +-(A-+%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-A-+(*( In the Present, the meaning is more ‘to measure’, so it is best to use the preverb to convey ‘to try on’ for both the Present and Future screeves

212!

to TURN OFF 0#*2$%/# (1) &0'!& 0'!& 0'!&1 &0'!&' 0'!&' 0'!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!+-&0'% #!+-0'% #!+-0'#!+-&0'%' #!+-0'%' #!+-0'%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!+-0'3*( The present forms are indeed the same as the verb ‘to turn on’ so it is best to use the preverb for Present and Future screeves.

to TURN ON -#$%/# (1) &0'!& 0'!& 0'!&1 &0'!&' 0'!&' 0'!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

9!&0'% 9!0'% 9!0'9!&0'%' 9!0'%' 9!0'%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

9!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, 9!0'3*( The present forms are indeed the same as the verb ‘to turn off’ so it is best to use the preverb for Present and Future screeves.

213!

to TWIST / to spin / to roll 0$.8# / 4#0$.8# (1) &#0%> #0%> #0%>1 &#0%>' #0%>' #0%>%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&#0(>% $!#0(>% $!#0(>! $!&#0(>%' $!#0(>%' $!#0(>%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!#0%>(*(

to UNDERSTAND / to comprehend 0#0.3# (1) &(#%" (#%" (#%"1 &(#%"' (#%"' (#%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&(#% #!(#% #!(##!&(#%' #!(#%' #!(#%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!#%"3*(

214!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to be UNENTHUSIASTIC about / to be disinterested in / “can’t be bothered to” / to be apathetic toward 4#*.)#$.3# (4) +%A!0%"! #%A!0%"! %A!0%"! #&%A!0%"! #%A!0%"!' %A!0%"!'

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: Notes:

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!+%A!0! $!#%A!0! $!%A!0! $!#&%A!0! $!#%A!0!' $!%A!0!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%' e.g. “+% +%A!0%"! !5 <!1&*!“ (“I can’t be bothered to go there”)

to UNITE / to join / to combine / to consolidate 0#.$%(#+.3# (1) &!%0'(!,%" !%0'(!,%" !%0'(!,%"1 &!%0'(!,%"' !%0'(!,%"' !%0'(!,%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&!%0'(!,% #!!%0'(!,% #!!%0'(!,! #!&!%0'(!,%' #!!%0'(!,%' #!!%0'(!,%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!%0'(!,%"3*(

215!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to USE 8*#$.3# (3) &>+!0-" >+!0-" >+!0-"1 &>+!0-"' >+!0-"' >+!0-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(>+!0% (>+!0% (>+!0! &(>+!0%' (>+!0%' (>+!0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, ,!>+!0(

to WAIT !4# (1) &(:$( (:$( (:$(1 &(:$(' (:$(' (:($!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&(:!$% +-(:!$% +-(:!$! +-&(:!$%' +-(:!$%' +-(:!$%1

+-($( / ($( / ($! / ($(' / ($(' / ($,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

216!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to WAIT for '24(+( (2) &%*-$%"( %*-$%"( %*-$%"! &%*-$%"(' %*-$%"(' %*-$%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!&%*-$% $!%*-$% $!%*-$! $!&%*-$%' $!%*-$%' $!%*-$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to WAKE up / to arouse / to stimulate / to awaken 0#@/(9.3# (1)

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% #!&(6&(;% 8%, #!(6&(;% +!, #!(6&(;! 9&%, #!&(6&(;%' '5&%,#!(6&(;%' +!' #!(6&(;%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!6&(;%"3*(

217!

Aorist

Present

+% &(6&(;%" 8%, (6&(;%" (1 (6&(;%"1 9&%, &(6&(;%"' '5&%,(6&(;%"' (1(,( (6&(;%"%,

to take a WALK / to promenade / to stroll ,.($+23# (3) &1%(0,-" 1%(0,-" 1%(0,-"1 &1%(0,-"' 1%(0,-"' 1%(0,-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(1%(0,% (1%(0,% (1%(0,! &(1%(0,%' (1%(0,%' (1%(0,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to WANT / to desire / to wish for +42*# (4) +% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-+(,$! +-#(,$! +-3,$! +-#&(,$! +-#(,$!' +-3,$!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-+(,$%"! +-#(,$%"! +-3,$%"! +-#&(,$%"! +-#(,$%"!' +-3,$%"!'

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+(,$-$! #(,$-$! 3,$-$! #&(,$-$! #(,$-$!' 3,$-$!'

Cond: Opt: Subj:

-$! / -$! / -$! / -$! / -$!' / -$!' %1 / %1 / %1 / %1 / %' / %' -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%1 / -$%' / -$%'

218!

Imperfect

Future

+(,$! #(,$! 3,$! #&(,$! #(,$!' 3,$!'

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, +!1 9&%, '5&%, +!'

to WARM / to heat 0#%323# (2) &'"%"( '"%"( '"%"! &'"%"(' '"%"(' '"%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!&'"( #!'"( #!'"! #!&'"(' #!'"(' #!'",%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / ,%, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!+'"!0(

to WARN / to notify / to alert / to caution 0#<$%8('.3# (1) &!40'>(*%" !40'>(*%" !40'>(*%"1 &!40'>(*%"' !40'>(*%"' !40'>(*%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% #!&!40'>(*% 8%, #!!40'>(*% +!, #!!40'>(*! 9&%, #!&!40'>(*%' '5&%, #!!40'>(*%' +!' #!!40'>(*%1

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!40'>(*%"3*(

219!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to WASH (clothes) / to launder 0#$.!8/# (1) &0%:>!& 0%:>!& 0%:>!&1 &0%:>!&' 0%:>!&' 0%:>!&%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

#!&0%:>% #!0%:>% #!0%:>! #!&0%:>%' #!0%:>%' #!0%:>%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, #!0%:>(*(

to WATCH / to look at / to contemplate ;&$.3# (1) &3730%" 3730%" 3730%"1 &3730%"' 3730%"' 3730%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&3730% 3730% 3730! &3730%' 3730%' 3730%1

Use Present forms $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

220!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to WEAR / to be dressed in :#$.3# (1) &!2!0%" !2!0%" !2!0%"1 &!2!0%"' !2!0%"' !2!0%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

&!2!0%"$( !2!0%"$( !2!0%"$! &!2!0%"$(' !2!0%"$(' !2!0%"$,%,

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

#!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to WEIGH (someone / something) (active) #52+# (1) &<-,( <-,( <-,(1 &<-,(' <-,(' <-,(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&<-,% !<-,% !<-,! !&<-,%' !<-,%' !<-,%1

!($( / ($( / ($! / ($(' / ($(' / ($,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !<-,(*(

221!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to WEIGH (indicating oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s weight) (static) #52+# (2) &(<-,%"( (<-,%"( (<-,%"! &(<-,%"(' (<-,%"(' (<-,%"(!,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

!&(<-,% !(<-,% !(<-,! !&(<-,%' !(<-,%' !(<-,%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!-$( / -$( / -$! / -$(' / -$(' / -$,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to WIN / to gain *20.3# (1) &(#%" (#%" (#%"1 &(#%"' (#%"' (#%"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

+-&(#% +-(#% +-(#+-&(#%' +-(#%' +-(#%1

+-$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, +-#%"3*(

222!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to WORK *&1#23# (3) &+38!-" +38!-" +38!-"1 &+38!-"' +38!-"' +38!-"%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

&(+38!&% (+38!&% (+38!&! &(+38!&%' (+38!&%' (+38!&%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

(-...-&%" $( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%,

to WORRY / to be concerned #@.'/.3# (1)

Future

&6%*!& 6%*!& 6%*!&1 &6%*!&' 6%*!&' 6%*!&%,

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!&6%*$%"( !6%*$%"( !6%*$%"! !&6%*$%"(' !6%*$%"(' !6%*$%"(!,

Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.:

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

!&6%*$( !6%*$( !6%*$! !&6%*$(' !6%*$(' !6%*$,%,

$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, % / % / %1 / %' / %' / %, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, !6%*&%"3*(

223!

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

to WRITE 4#5.$# (1) &<%0 <%0 <%01 &<%0' <%0' <%0%,

Fut: Imp+Cond: Opt: Subj: P.P.: Notes:

+% 8%, +!, 9&%, '5&%, +!'

$!&<%0% $!<%0% $!<%0! $!&<%0%' $!<%0%' $!<%0%1

Aorist

Present

+% 8%, (1 9&%, '5&%, (1(,(

$!$( / $( / $! / $(' / $(' / $,%, - / - / -1 / -' / -' / -, $% / $% / $%1 / $%' / $%' / $,%, $!<%0(*( Use the preverb #!$!- to convey ‘to re-write’ / ‘to copy’ Use the preverb 9!- to convey ‘to jot down’ / ‘to note’

224!

(+4.",( Index Index of Verbs: Georgian !$#-+!

193

!)0;!*&!

103

!+-6%"!

171

!+-7&(,'&!

!,!A6!30%"!

170

!->0%"!

!09%&!

!6%"!

200

!6%*&%"!

223

!6(!0%"!

!6,(8&,!

125

!6<%0!

!8%,%"!

!95!0%"!

123

!<%&!

139

225!

!<-,!

222

"!,!-"!

"0;!,%"!

#!"0!A%"!

#!#%"!

214

#!#%#+&!

155

#!#A!&,!

180

#!#(/%"!

#!#0;%*%"!

77; 160

#!$!#$%"!

204

#!$!'!0#+,!

207-08

#!$!09%,!

176

#!$!6%"!

#!$!>$!

153

#!%0'(!,%"!

215

#!A(!0%"!

182

#!A-+&!

146

#!A0$!

113

#!'"-"!

219

#!)%'%"!

#!)&(0&%"!

198

#!+$($0%"!

175

#!+%-0%"!

172

#!+-)&*%&!

128

226!

#!+-0'&!

213

#!+-5&%7,%"!

161

#!+-9%,!

#!+-:>-"!

#!+-<%0!

196

#!+-<&%&!

#!+>,%&%"!

#!,!>*%"!

168

#!,>(*&!

87-88

#!.!01&!

183

#!/*%2!

#!0%:>&!

220

#!0(#%"!

152

#!1(,?&!

201

#!1<-0%"!

#!2%>&!

#!3+!0'*!

144

#!3+?-"%1%"!

124

#!35+%"!

#!39(,!0%"!

#!40%,!

102

#!40'>(*%"!

219

#!43=%"!

192

#!5(0!&%"!

172

227!

#!6!0("%"!

156

#!6%"!

151

#!6&(;%"!

217

#!6(+%"!

188

#!7($&!

179

#!7-4!

#!8&%"!

137

#!9%,!

#!9%0%"!

194

#!:(,%"!

135

#!:,-"!

127; 132

#!;,%*%"!

#!<('*%"!

#!<7-"!

181

#!=%$&!

#!=0!

#!>!0%"!

110

#!>$!

200

#!>$-+!

#!>%>&!

112; 178

#-,%"!

179

#0;,-"!

$!!>*-%"!

$!"!$%"!

55; 60

228!

$!"!,&!

$!"%=$&!

159

$!"03,%"!

174

$!#&(!,%"!

134

$!#0%>!

214

$!$%"!

163

$!&(<7%"!

104

$!A(!,%"!

$!'&!*(%0%"!

$!(,2%0%1%"!

126

$!)!)3,%"!

131

$!)!0#&!

143

$!)%2&!

141

$!)&0!

156

$!)*%"!

168

$!)+!7-4(*%"!

176

$!*!#%"!

205

$!*%&!

$!*-:&!

$!+!#0%"!

$!+!*&!

120

$!+!0:&*!

191

$!+!2%"!

$!+%A!0%"!

215

229!

$!+'!&0%"!

$!+2)(:%"!

160

$!+350%"!

204

$!+8&($%"!

$!,(8&,!

$!.!2(/%"!

128

$!.(0%"!

126

$!05+%&!

149

$!0<+3,%"!

154

$!1&%,%"!

174

$!1>+!

157

$!1?!

162

$!2)"-"!

$!2-&%"!

136

$!3'-%"!

129

$!4!0%"!

$!4!1%"!

$!5(0%&%"!

171

$!6!+%"!

$!6*!

206

$!7-4!

180

$!:%+(,%"!

189

$!:*!

$!;(,%"!

188

230!

$!<%0!

224

$!<-*!

136

$!<7%"!

$!=%0!

$!>!0?&!

191

$!>+!0%"!

118-19

$!>30&!

$!?!&8,!

173

$!?$-+!

187

$!?%0%"!

$#-+!

193

$,-"!

147

$0-1 #!2!0%"!

192

$36(*(

$6%#0;%*-"!

206

%=&(

%=&(!,-"!

129

&!0!3$(

197

A%(+-"!

A0$!

114

'!&(1 #!5,%&!

182

'!&(1 $!5,%&!

151

'!+!8(

155

'!,>+-"!

231!

'%&A!-"!

101

'('(1 $!=%0!

158

'5+!

177

'>-&,!

173

)!+!'(

)%)*3:-"!

101

)&,%1!

148

)('>&!

)-:,!

131

*!.!0!)(

190

*-$(,(

217

*-:&!

157

+!,5!,(1 2!0%"!

+!0'&!

145

+#A!&0-"!

209

+(!>*-%"!

+(*-:&!

+(6%"!

107

+(7&!,!

+(7-*!

103

+(:%+!

108

+(<-*!

162

+)30,!*-"!

209

+-#%"!

222

232!

+-&*!

+-A-+&!

212

+-)&*!

131

+-+A!$%"!

165

+-+1!>30%"!

181

+-,!20%"!

148

+-.!0&!

194

+-09%"!

+-1&*!

+-1+%,!

118

+-2!,!

+-273%"!

137-38

+-5!9&!

161

+-5:%&!

+-<%&!

189

+-<%0!

186

+-<-,%"!

139

+-=%0!

205

+-=0!

+->%0>%"!

145

+->%0>&!

177

+1#!&1%"!

143

+38!-"!

223

,!$(0-"!

122

233!

,!>&!

178

,$-+!

218

,%0&(3*-"!

150

,(8&,!

146

,;0%&!

199

-:,%"!

.!13>(

.-&,!

100

0%)&!

09%&!

167

0<+%,!

1!$(*-"!

1!3"!0(

201

1!=(0-%"!

150

1%(0,-"!

218

1%1>%"!

1(A+!0(1 ,!>&!

1()&$(*(

1()&$(*(' $!1?!

1(+6%0!

186

1(,!,3*(

169

1(0"(*(

175

1(7&!03*(

144

1(:-:>*%

140

234!

1(:>%

121

1(;3*&(*(

115

10-*!

183-84

130!'(1 #!$!6%"!

154

1<!&*!

195

1<!&*%"!

202

2!0%"!

221

2!8(1 $!)&0!

2(0(*(

2)(&(*(

124

3!0(1 '5+!

169

4(50(

203

5-,!

117

6(0%"3*%"!

7%4!

7&(,'&!

7&(0(*(

185

7($&!

7(,&!

106

7*!.&!

198

7-*!

116

7-4,!

730%"!

220

8%#0-&%"!

107

235!

8%$!0%"!

8%&(<0-%"!

149

8%(;*%"!

8%)&%'!

152

8%)&0!

8%+-)*%"!

184

8%,!>&!

131

8%,$-"!

104

8%27-"(,%"!

125

8%6%"&!

8%9&%&!

8%:&*!

8%:(&%"!

8%<&!

106

8%<3>%"!

8%<7&%2(,%"!

127

8%>%"!

207

8%>&%$0!

147

8(+8(*(

122

8(8(

9!'&*!

9!+-)($%"!

114

9!+-2&(0'&!

9!0'&!

213

236!

9!2!0%"!

115

9!4*-"!

9!:+!

164

9!<%0!

224

9!>32%"!

121

9&%,%"!

185

9(&(*(

935%"!

108

9>3"(

100

:$!

212

:$3,%"!

203

:%)&!

:,-"(%0%"!

166

:-$,!

133

:30&!

199

:>&(0(1 !<%&!

139

:>-&0%"!

141

;%",!

142

;(*(

187

<!)('>&!

165

<!+-;!>%"!

<!0+-$#%,!

153

<!1&*!

111

<!1+!

113

237!

<!5:%&!

<!6%"!

<!8*!

<&!

<&!*%"!

197

<&(+!

164

<-&!

196

=!+!

=!0!-"!

112

>!2&!

>&%*%"!

>+!0%"!

216

>+(1 !<%&!

139

>1-&,!

170

>2-+!

130

>3+0-"!

130

238!

Index of Verbs: English •

• • • •

Asterisks (*) indicate that more than one masdar is used, particularly when more than one preverb is possible. See the full entry for alternate masdars. (s.o.s.t) refers to ‘someone’ or ‘something’, i.e. the verb is transitive; (o.s.) refers to ‘oneself’, i.e. the verb is intransitive (s.o.) refers to ‘someone’, i.e. the verb is transitive and used for animate nouns only (s.t) refers to ‘something’, i.e. the verb is transitive and used for inanimate nouns only

ABANDON, to

$!2-&%"!

136

ABATE, to

$!)*%"!

168

ABBREVIATE, to

8%+-)*%"!

184

ABHOR, to

1(;3*&(*(

115

ABLE, to be

8%(;*%"!

ABOLISH, to

#!35+%"!

ACHE, to

2)(&(*(

124

ACCEPT, to

!6%"!

200

ACCUSTOMED to, to get

8%9&%&!

ACKNOWLEDGE, to

!6(!0%"!

ACQUAINT with, to

#!:,-"!

127

ACT like, to

+-5:%&!

ADD, to

$!+!2%"!

239!

ADMIT, to

!6(!0%"!

ADVISE, to

09%&!

280

AFFIX, to

$!+!#0%"!*

AFRAID, to be

8(8(

AFRAID, to make

8(8(

AFFIRM, to

$!+2)(:%"!

160

AGREE, to

'!,>+-"!

AGREE with, to

'!,>+-"!

275

AID, to

$!>+!0%"!

119

AID (s.o.), to

$!>+!0%"!

278

ALERT, to

#!40'>(*%"!

219

ALIVE, to be

1(:-:>*%

140

ALLOT, to

#!7-4!

ALTER, to

8%:&*!

AMAZED, to be

#!)&(0&%"!

198

AMELIORATE, to

#!3+?-"%1%"!

124

AMEND, to

#!1<-0%"!

ANALYSE, to

#!+-)&*%&!

128

ANGRY, to get

#!"0!A%"!

ANNIHILATE, to

#!/*%2!

ANNOY, to

8%<3>%"!

ANSWER, to

.!13>(

APATHETIC toward, to be

$!+%A!0%"!

215

APPEAR, to

#!+-9%,!

240!

APPLAUD, to

2!8(1 $!)&0!

APPLY (on), to

<!1+!

113

APPOINT, to

$!,(8&,!

APPORTION, to

#!7-4!

APPRECIATE, to

$!4!1%"!

APPROACH, to

+(!>*-%"!

ARGUE, to

)!+!'(

AROUSE, to

#!6&(;%"!

217

ARRANGE, to

#!0(#%"!

152

ARREST, to

$!=%0!

ASK, to

)('>&!

ASK for, to

'>-&,!

173

ASSERT, to

$!+2)(:%"!

160

ASSIST, to

$!>+!0%"!

119

ASSIST (s.o.), to

$!>+!0%"!

278

ASSUME, to

&!0!3$(

197

ASTONISHED, to be

#!)&(0&%"!

198

ATTACH, to

$!+!#0%"!*

ATTEMPT, to

:$!

212

ATTEND to, to

+-+1!>30%"!

181

AWAKEN, to

#!6&(;%"!

217

AWARE, to make

:,-"(%0%"!

166

BAKE, to

#!+-:>-"!

BAN, to

!)0;!*&!

103

241!

BAR, to

!)0;!*&!

103

BARK, to

7%4!

BATH, to take a

"!,!-"!

BATHE (o.s.), to

"!,!-"!

BATHE (s.o.s.t.), to

$!"!,&!

BE, to

7-4,!

BEAR, to

$!"!$%"!

BECOME, to

#!>$%"!

BEGIN, to

$!<7%"!

BEHAVE like, to

+-5:%&!

BELIEVE, to

$!?%0%"!

BELIEVE in, to

0<+%,!

BETTER, to make

#!3+?-"%1%"!

124

BIND, to

8%)&0!

BIRTH, to give

$!"!$%"!

BLESS, to

$!*-:&!

BLUSH, to

#!<('*%"!

BOIL, to

$36(*(

BOOK, to

$!?!&8,!

173

BORN, to be

$!"!$%"!

BORROW, to

1%1>%"!

BOTHER, to

8%<3>%"!

BREAK, to

#!2%>&!

BREAK, to take a

$!1&%,%"!

174

242!

BREAK apart, to

$!7-4!

180

BRING (s.o.), to

+(7&!,!

BRING (s.t.), to

+-2!,!

BRING about, to

#!+-<&%&!

BROKEN (down), to be

#!43=%"!

192

BROWSE, to

$!'&!*(%0%"!

BRUSH, to

#!>%>&!

178

BUILD, to

!8%,%"!

BUILT, to be

!8%,%"!

BULLY, to

$!+350%"!

204

BURN, to

<&!

BURY (s.t.), to

9!4*-"!

BUTTON up, to

8%)&0!

BUY, to

7($&!

CALL, to

0%)&!

CALLED, to be

$!05+%&!

149

CALM down, to

$!+8&($%"!

“CAN”

8%(;*%"!

CAPTURE, to

$!=%0!

CARE for, to

+-&*!

CARRY, to

<!6%"!

CAST, to

10-*!

183

CATCH, to

$!=%0!

CAUSE, to

#!+-<&%&!

243!

CAUTION, to

#!40'>(*%"!

219

CELEBRATE, to

A%(+-"!

CHANGE, to

8%:&*!

CHAT, to

1!3"!0(

201

CHEER up, to

#!+>,%&%"!

CHOOSE, to

!09%&!

CHOP off, to

+-=0!

CLAP, to

2!8(1 $!)&0!

CLEAN up, to

$!*!#%"!

205

CLOSE, to

$!>30&!

CLOSE, to come

+(!>*-%"!

CLOSE, to get (become)

$!!>*-%"!

COAX, to

$!0<+3,%"!

154

COLD, to be (feel)

8%:(&%"!

COLLECT, to

8%#0-&%"!

107

COLOUR, to

8%6%"&!

COMBINE, to

#!%0'(!,%"!

215

COME, to

+-1&*!

COMMAND, to

"0;!,%"!

COMMUNICATE, to

8%27-"(,%"!

125

COMPARE (to / with), to

8%$!0%"!

COMPENSATE, to

!,!A6!30%"!

170

COMPLAIN, to

9(&(*(

COMPLETE, to

$!+'!&0%"!

244!

COMPLETED, to be

+-09%"!

COMPREHEND, to

#!#%"!

214

CONCERNED, to be

!6%*&%"!

223

CONFESS, to

!6(!0%"!

CONGRATULATE, to

+(*-:&!

CONNECT, to

8%)&0!

CONSCIOUS of, to be

:,-"(%0%"!

166

CONSIDER, to

9!'&*!

CONSOLIDATE, to

#!%0'(!,%"!

215

CONSTRUCT, to

!8%,%"!

CONSTRUCTED, to be

!8%,%"!

CONTEMPLATE, to

730%"!

220

CONTENT, to make

$!)+!7-4(*%"!

176

CONTINUE, to

#!#0;%*%"!

CONTINUE (with), to

#!#0;%*%"!

160

CONVERSE, to

1!3"!0(

201

CONVERT, to

#!>$-+!

CONVINCE, to

$!0<+3,%"!

154

COOK, to

#!)%'%"!

COPY, to

#!$!6%"!

CORRECT, to

#!1<-0%"!

COST, to

6(0%"3*%"!

COUGH, to

>&%*%"!

COVER, to

$!4!0%"!

245!

CRAZY, to go

#!#(/%"!

CREATED, to be

#!9%,!

CROSS out, to

<!8*!

CROWD, to

#!=%$&!

CRY, to

2(0(*(

CRY OUT, to

<!+-;!>%"!

CULTIVATE, to

A0$!

114

CURE, to

+)30,!*-"!

209

CUT, to

#!=0!

CUT down / off, to

+-=0!

DAMAGE, to

$!A(!,%"!

DANCE, to

:%)&!

DARK, to get (become)

$!6!+%"!

DAYDREAM, to

-:,%"!

DEBATE

)!+!'(

DECIDE, to

!09%&!

DECREASE, to

$!)*%"!

168

DELETE, to

<!8*!

DELIBERATE (over), to

#!,>(*&!

DEPICT, to

!6<%0!

DESCRIBE, to

!6<%0!

DESIGNATE, to

!6,(8&,!

125

DESIRE, to

,$-+!

218

DESPISE, to

1(;3*&(*(

115

246!

DESTROY, to

!->0%"!

DESTRUCT, to

!->0%"!

DETEST, to

1(;3*&(*(

115

DEVELOP, to

#!A0$!

113

DEVELOP (s.t.), to

A0$!

114

DIE, to

1()&$(*(

DIFFICULT, to get (become) #!;,%*%"!

DIMINISH, to

$!)*%"!

168

DINE, to

1!$(*-"!

DINNER, to have

1!$(*-"!

DISAPPEAR, to

#!39(,!0%"!

DISCARD, to

#!$!#$%"!

204

DISCHARGE, to

$!:*!

DISCOVER, to

.-&,!

100

DISCUSS, to

#!,>(*&!

DISTURB, to

8%<3>%"!

DIVE (into), to

7&(,'&!

DIVE (out of), to

!+-7&(,'&!

DIVIDE, to

$!7-4!

180

DIVIDE up, to

#!7-4!

DIVVY up, to

#!7-4!

DO, to

#!)%'%"!

DO AWAY WITH, to

#!35+%"!

DONE, to be

+-09%"!

247!

DOUBT, to

%=&(

DOWNLOAD, to

9!+-2&(0'&!

DRAW, to

>!2&!

DREAM, to

1(A+!0(1 ,!>&!

DRESS, to

9!:+!

164

DRINK, to

$!*%&!

DRIVE, to

+!,5!,(1 2!0%"!

DROP, to

#!$!#$%"!

204

DYE, to

8%6%"&!

EAT, to

=!+!

EJACULATE, to

<!+-;!>%"!

ELECT, to

!09%&!

ELIMINATE, to

#!35+%"!

EMBRACE, to

9!>32%"!

121

EMERGE, to

!+-7&(,'&!

EMPTY, to

$!:*!

ENCOURAGE, to

#!+>,%&%"!

END, to

$!+'!&0%"!

ENDED, to be

+-09%"!

ENJOY, to

$!2)"-"!

ERADICATE, to

#!35+%"!

ERASE, to

<!8*!

EVACUATE, to

$!:*!

EVIDENCE of, to give

9&%,%"!

185

248!

EXAMINE, to

#!,>(*&!

EXCLAIM, to

<!+-;!>%"!

EXECUTE, to

1()&$(*(' $!1?!

EXILE, to

$!:*!

EXIST, to

1(:-:>*%

140

EXPERIMENT, to

:$!

212

EXTERMINATE, to

#!/*%2!

FAITH in, to have

0<+%,!

FAITH in (s.o.), to have

0<+%,!

282

FALL (down), to

<!5:%&!

FAMILIARISE with, to

#!:,-"!

127

FANTASISE, to

-:,%"!

FASTEN, to

$!+!#0%"!*

FEAR, to

8(8(

FEEL, to

#0;,-"!

FIGHT, to

9>3"(

100

FILL (with), to

$!1>+!

157

FIND, to

.-&,!

100

FINISH, to

$!+'!&0%"!

FINISHED, to be

+-09%"!

FISH, to

'%&A!-"!

101

FLIRT, to

)%)*3:-"!

101

FLY (as a passenger), to

#!40%,!

102

FLY (s.t.), to

#!40%,!

102

249!

FOLLOW, to

+(7-*!

103

FORBID, to

!)0;!*&!

103

FORGET, to

$!&(<7%"!

104

FORGIVE, to

8%,$-"!

104

FORGIVE (s.o.), to

8%,$-"!

276

FREEZE, to

7(,&!

105

FRIENDS, to become

$!!>*-%"!

FRY, to

8%<&!

106

FUSE, to

$,-"!

147

GAIN, to

+-#%"!

222

GATHER, to

8%#0-&%"!

107

GET, to

+(6%"!

107

GET up, to

!$#-+!

193

GIVE, to

+(:%+!

108

GIVE a gift, to

935%"!

109

GIVE a gift (to s.o.), to

935%"!

277

GLAD, to be

#!>!0%"!

110

GO, to

<!1&*!

111

GO on, to

#!#0;%*%"!

160

“GOING TO”

$!.(0%"!

126

GOSSIP, to

=!0!-"!

112

GOVERN, to

+!0'&!

145

GRADUATE, to

$!+'!&0%"!

GRANT, to

$!,(8&,!

250!

GRATE, to

#!>%>&!

112

GREASE, to

<!1+!

113

GROAN, to

)&,%1!

148

GROW, to

#!A0$!

113

GROW (s.t.), to

A0$!

114

HAIR, to do s.o.’s

$!&!0:>,!

195

HALT, to

#!9%0%"!

194

HANG, to

9!+-)($%"!

114

HAPPEN, to

9!2!0%"!

115

HARM, to

$!A(!,%"!

HATE, to

1(;3*&(*(

115

HAVE (s.o.), to

7-*!

116

HAVE (s.t.), to

5-,!

117

HEAR, to

+-1+%,!

118

HEAT, to

#!'"-"!

219

HELP, to

$!>+!0%"!

119

HELP (s.o.), to

$!>+!0%"!

278

HIDDEN, to be

$!+!*&!

120

HIDE (o.s.), to

$!+!*&!

120

HIDE (s.o.s.t.), to

$!+!*&!

120

HIDING, to be

$!+!*&!

120

HIT, to

$!)&0!

156

HOT, to be

1(:>%

121

HUG, to

9!>32%"!

121

251!

HUNGRY, to be

8(+8(*(

122

HUNT, to

,!$(0-"!

122

HURRY (s.o.s.t.) (along), to !95!0%"!

123

HURRY, to be in a

!95!0%"!

123

HURT, to

2)(&(*(

124

HYPNOTISE, to

$!;(,%"!

188

IMITATE, to

+-5:%&!

IMPART, to

8%27-"(,%"!

125

IMPROVE, to

#!3+?-"%1%"!

124

INCREASE, to

#!A0$!

113

INDICATE, to

!6,(8&,!

125

INFORM, to

8%27-"(,%"!

125

INSTRUCT, to

1<!&*%"!

202

INTEND, to

$!.(0%"!

126

INTERDICT, to

!)0;!*&!

103

INTERESTED in, to be

$!(,2%0%1%"!

126

INTERRUPT, to

8%<7&%2(,%"!

127

INTIMATE, to get

$!!>*-%"!

INTIMIDATE, to

$!+350%"!

204

INTRODUCE, to

#!:,-"!

127

INVESTIGATE, to

#!+-)&*%&!

128

INVITE, to

$!.!2(/%"!

128

IRON, to

$!3'-%"!

129

JAM, to

#!=%$&!

252!

JEALOUS, to be

%=&(!,-"!

129

JOIN, to

#!%0'(!,%"!

215

JOKE, to

>3+0-"!

130

JOURNEY, to (take a)

+#A!&0-"!

209

JOT (down), to

9!<%0!

224

JUMP, to

>2-+!

130

KEEP, to

8%,!>&!

131

KID, to

>3+0-"!

130

KILL, to

+-)&*!

131

KISS, to

)-:,!

131

KNOCK, to

$!)!)3,%"!

131

KNOW (s.o.), to

#!:,-"!

132

KNOW (s.t. / a fact), to

:-$,!

133

LATE, to be

$!#&(!,%"!

134

LAUGH, to

#!:(,%"!

135

LAUNDER, to

#!0%:>&!

220

LAY, to

$!$%"!

163

LAY down, to

$!<-*!

136

LAY out, to

#!#%#+&!

155

LEAP, to

>2-+!

130

LEARN, to

1<!&*!

195

LEAVE, to

$!2-&%"!

136

LESSEN, to

$!)*%"!

168

LET (a property), to

#!5(0!&%"!

172

253!

LET go of, to

#!8&%"!

137

LET know, to

8%27-"(,%"!

125

LET off, to

$!:*!

LIE, to (tell a)

+-273%"!

138

LIE to (s.o.), to

+-273%"!

279

LIE down, to

$!<-*!

136

LIFT, to

!<%&!

139

LIKE, to

+-<-,%"!

139

LISTEN to, to

+-1+%,!

140

LIVE, to

1(:-:>*%

140

LIVE in (a place), to

:>-&0%"!

141

LOATHE, to

1(;3*&(*(

115

LOCK, to

$!)%2&!

141

LONG for, to

+-,!20%"!

148

LOOK after, to

+-&*!

LOOK around, to

$!'&!*(%0%"!

LOOK at, to

730%"!

220

LOOK for, to

;%",!

142

LOOK like, to

+1#!&1%"!

143

LOOK, to take a

$!'&!*(%0%"!

LOSE, to

$!)!0#&!

143

LOVE, to

1(7&!03*(

144

LUBRICATE, to

<!1+!

113

LUCKY, to get

#!3+!0'*!

144

254!

LULL to sleep, to

$!;(,%"!

188

MAD, to go

#!#(/%"!

MADE, to be

#!9%,!

MAIL, to

#!#A!&,!

180

MAKE, to

#!)%'%"!

MANAGE, to

+!0'&!

145

MANAGE (to do s.t), to

+->%0>%"!

145

MARK out, to

!6,(8&,!

125

MEAN, to

,(8&,!

146

MEASURE, to

#!A-+&!

146

MEET, to

8%>&%$0!

147

MEET up with, to

8%>&%$0!

147

MELT, to

$,-"!

147

MENACE, to

$!+350%"!

204

MEND, to

#!1<-0%"!

MISS (emotion), to

+-,!20%"!

148

MOAN, to

)&,%1!

148

NAMED, to be

$!05+%&!

149

NARROW, to (become)

8%&(<0-%"!

149

NEAR, to get

+(!>*-%"!

NEED, to

1!=(0-%"!

150

NERVOUS, to be

,%0&(3*-"!

150

NOD (one’s head), to

'!&(1 $!5,%&!

151

NOMINATE, to

$!,(8&,!

255!

NOTE (down), to

9!<%0!

224

NOTIFY, to

#!40'>(*%"!

219

NURSE to health, to

+-&*!

OCCUR, to

9!2!0%"!

115

OFFLOAD, to

$!:*!

OIL, to

<!1+!

113

OPEN, to

#!6%"!

151

ORDER (s.t.), to

8%)&%'!

152

ORDER, to (place an)

"0;!,%"!

ORDER, to put in

$!*!#%"!

205

ORGANISE, to

#!0(#%"!

152

OUT (of service), to be

#!43=%"!

192

OVER, to be

+-09%"!

PAIN, to have (to be in)

2)(&(*(

124

PAINT, to

>!2&!

PARDON, to

8%,$-"!

104

PARDON (s.o.), to

8%,$-"!

276

PARTITION, to

#!7-4!

PASS (an examination), to

9!'&*!

PASS (time), to

$0-1 #!2!0%"!

192

PAY, to

#!$!>$!

153

PERFORM, to

<!0+-$#%,!

153

PERSUADE, to

$!0<+3,%"!

154

PHONE, to

0%)&!

256!

PHOTO, to take a

130!'(1 #!$!6%"!

154

PHOTOCOPY, to

#!$!6%"!

PHOTOGRAPH, to

130!'(1 #!$!6%"!

154

PICK, to

8%#0-&%"!

107

PICK up, to

8%#0-&%"!

107

PICTURE, to take a

130!'(1 #!$!6%"!

154

PILFER, to

+-.!0&!

194

PLACE, to

$!$#+!

163

PLAN (to do s.t.), to

$!.(0%"!

126

PLAN (s.t.), to

#!#%#+&!

155

PLAY (a game), to

'!+!8(

155

PLAY (an instrument), to

$!)&0!

156

PLAY (a part / role), to

<!0+-$#%,!

153

PLEASURE in, to take

$!2)"-"!

PLUNGE into, to

7&(,'&!

POINT out, to

!6,(8&,!

125

POOR, to become

#!6!0("%"!

156

PORTRAY, to

!6<%0!

POST, to

#!#A!&,!

180

POUR (out), to

$!1>+!

157

PRAY, to

*-:&!

157

PREFER, to

!09%&!

158

PREPARE, to

#!)%'%"!

PREPARE for, to

+-+A!$%"!

165

257!

PRESENT, to

<!0+-$#%,!

153

PRESERVE, to

8%,!>&!

131

PRESS, to

'('(1 $!=%0!

158

PRESUME, to

&!0!3$(

197

PRESSURE on, to put

+(<-*!

162

PRICE, to give a

$!4!1%"!

PRINT, to

$!"%=$&!

159

PRINTING, to be

$!"%=$&!

159

PROCEED (with), to

#!#0;%*%"!

160

PROHIBIT, to

!)0;!*&!

103

PROMENADE, to

1%(0,-"!

218

PROMISE, to

$!.(0%"!

126

PROMULGATE, to

#!+-5&%7,%"!

161

PROVE, to

$!+2)(:%"!

160

PROVOKE, to

#!+-<&%&!

PUBLIC, to make

#!+-5&%7,%"!

161

PUBLISH, to

#!+-5&%7,%"!

161

PULL, to

+-5!9&!

161

PUNISH, to

$!1?!

162

PURCHASE, to

7($&!

PUSH, to

+(<-*!

162

PUSH (in), to

'('(1 $!=%0!

158

PUT, to

$!$#+!

163

PUT down, to

$!$%"!

163

258!

PUT on, to

9!:+!

164

PUT up, to

9!+-)($%"!

114

QUARREL, to

9>3"(

100

QUERY, to

)('>&!

QUESTION, to

)('>&!

RAIN, to

<&(+!

164

RAISE, to

!<%&!

139

RAISE one’s voice, to

>+(1 !<%&!

139

RAVAGE, to

!->0%"!

READ, to

<!)('>&!

165

READY, to make

+-+A!$%"!

165

REALISE, to

:,-"(%0%"!

166

REASSURE, to

#!+>,%&%"!

RECEIVE, to

+(6%"!

107

RECOGNISE, to

!6(!0%"!

RECOMMEND, to

09%&!

167

RECOMMEND to, to

09%&!

280

RECTIFY, to

#!1<-0%"!

REDUCE, to

$!)*%"!

168

REFRESH (e.g. an app), to

#!,!>*%"!

168

REFUSE, to

3!0(1 '5+!

169

REGRET, to

1(,!,3*(

169

REIMBURSE, to

!,!A6!30%"!

170

REJOICE, to

A%(+-"!

259!

RELEASE, to

#!8&%"!

137

REMEMBER, to

>1-&,!

170

REMOVE, to

!+-6%"!

171

RENT (s.t.), to

$!5(0%&%"!

171

RENT out, to

#!5(0!&%"!

172

REPEAT, to

#!+%-0%"!

172

REPLY, to

.!13>(

REPORT, to

8%27-"(,%"!

125

REQUEST, to

'>-&,!

173

RESCUE, to

#!$!09%,!

176

RESEARCH, to

#!+-)&*%&!

128

RESEMBLE, to

+1#!&1%"!

143

RESERVE, to

$!?!&8,!

173

RESPOND, to

.!13>(

REST, to

$!1&%,%"!

174

RETURN to, to

$!"03,%"!

174

RICH, to get

#!+$($0%"!

175

RID of, to get

#!$!#$%"!

204

RIDE, to

+!,5!,(1 2!0%"!

RING, to

0%)&!

RISE, to

#!A0$!

113

ROAST, to

8%<&!

106

ROB, to

+-.!0&!

194

ROLL, to

$!#0%>!*

214

260!

RUINED, to be

#!43=%"!

192

RULE, to

+!0'&!

145

RUN, to

1(0"(*(

175

RUSH, to

!95!0%"!

123

SATIATE, to

$!)+!7-4(*%"!

176

SATISFY, to

$!)+!7-4(*%"!

176

SAVE, to

8%,!>&!

131

SAVE (the life of), to

#!$!09%,!

176

SAW, to

+->%0>&!

177

SAY, to

'5+!

177

SCARE, to

8(8(

SCREW in, to

+-=%0!

205

SCRUB, to

#!>%>&!

178

SCRUTINISE, to

#!,>(*&!

SEARCH for, to

;%",!

142

SCREAM, to

7&(0(*(

185

SECTION, to

#!=0!

SECURE, to

$!+!#0%"!*

SEE, to

,!>&!

178

SEEM that, to

#-,%"!

179

SELL, to

#!7($&!

179

SEND, to

#!#A!&,!

180

SENSE, to

#0;,-"!

SEPARATE, to

$!7-4!

180

261!

SERVE, to

+-+1!>30%"!

181

SERVICE to, to be of

+-+1!>30%"!

181

SET (a table), to

#!<7-"!

181

SET free, to

#!8&%"!

137

SET up, to

#!0(#%"!

152

SEW, to

8%)&0!

SHAKE, to

,;0%&!

199

SHAKE (one’s head), to

'!&(1 #!5,%&!

182

SHARE, to

#!A(!0%"!

182

SHAVE, to

#!.!01&!

183

SHOOT, to

10-*!

183

SHOOT at, to

10-*!

184

SHORTEN, to

8%+-)*%"!

184

SHOUT, to

7&(0(*(

185

SHOW, to

9&%,%"!

185

SHOW up, to

#!+-9%,!

SHUT, to

$!>30&!

SIGN, to

+-<%0!

186

SIGNIFY, to

,(8&,!

146

SING, to

1(+6%0!

186

SIT (down), to

$!?$-+!

187

SKILLED at (doing s.t), to be +->%0>%"!

145

SLAUGHTER, to

#!/*%2!

SLEEP, to

;(*(

187

262!

SLEEP, to send to

$!;(,%"!

188

SLIT, to

#!=0!

SMILE, to

#!6(+%"!

188

SMOKE, to

+-<%&!

189

SNEEZE, to

$!:%+(,%"!

189

SNIP off, to

+-=0!

SPEAK, to

*!.!0!)(

190

SPELL, to

$!+!0:&*!

191

SPEND (money), to

$!>!0?&!

191

SPEND (time), to

$0-1 #!2!0%"!

192

SPIN, to

$!#0%>!*

214

SPLIT, to

$!7-4!

180

SPOILED, to be

#!43=%"!

192

SPREAD on, to

<!1+!

113

SPRING, to

>2-+!

130

STAND up, to

!$#-+!

193

STANDING, to be

$#-+!

193

START, to

$!<7%"!

STAY, to

+-09%"!

STEAL, to

+-.!0&!

194

STIMULATE, to

#!6&(;%"!

217

STOP, to

#!9%0%"!

194

STRAIGHTEN, to

#!1<-0%"!

STRIKE, to

$!)&0!

156

263!

STRIKE out, to

<!8*!

STROLL, to

1%(0,-"!

218

STUCK, to get

#!=%$&!

STUDY, to

1<!&*!

195

STYLE, to

$!&!0:>,!

195

SUBSCRIBE, to

#!+-<%0!

196

SUCK, to

<-&!

196

SUFFER, to

<&!*%"!

197

SUPPOSE, to

&!0!3$(

197

SURFACE, to

!+-7&(,'&!

SURPRISED, to be

#!)&(0&%"!

198

SURVEY, to

#!$!6%"!

SUSPEND, to

9!+-)($%"!

114

SWALLOW, to

7*!.&!

198

SWAY, to

,;0%&!

199

SWIM, to

:30&!

199

TAKE, to

!6%"!

200

TAKE (s.o.), to

+(7&!,!

TAKE (s.t.), to

+-2!,!

TAKE away, to

<!6%"!

TAKE place, to

9!2!0%"!

115

TAKE off, to

#!>$!

200

TAKE out of, to

!+-6%"!

171

TALK, to

1!3"!0(

201

264!

TAP, to

$!)!)3,%"!

131

TASTE, to

#!1(,?&!

201

TEACH, to

1<!&*%"!

202

TELEPHONE, to

0%)&!

TELL, to

'5+!

202

TEMPT, to

:$3,%"!

203

TEND (to), to

+-&*!

TERMINATE, to

$!+'!&0%"!

TERMINATED, to be

+-09%"!

TEST (out), to

:$!

212

TESTIFY, to

9&%,%"!

185

TESTIMONY of, to give

!6(!0%"!

THINK, to

4(50(

203

THINK that, to

#-,%"!

179

THIRST for, to

+-,!20%"!

148

THREATEN, to

$!+350%"!

204

THROW, to

10-*!

183

THROW away, to

#!$!#$%"!

204

THROW to (s.o.), to

10-*!

184

TIDY, to

$!*!#%"!

205

TIE (together), to

8%)&0!

TIGHTEN, to

+-=%0!

205

TIRED, to be

$!6*!

206

TOAST, to (make a)

$6%#0;%*-"!

206

265!

TOUCH, to

8%>%"!

207

TRAIN, to

1<!&*%"!

202

TRAIN for, to

+-+A!$%"!

165

TRANSFORM, to

#!>$-+!

TRANSLATE, to

#!$!'!0#+,!

208

TRANSLATE for, to

#!$!'!0#+,!

279

TRAVEL, to

+#A!&0-"!

209

TREAT (medical), to

+)30,!*-"!

209

TREATMENT, to be in

+)30,!*-"!

210

TRIAL, to

:$!

212

TRIP, to take a

+#A!&0-"!

209

TRIUMPH, to

A%(+-"!

TRUST, to

,$-"!

211

TRUST (s.o.), to

,$-+!

282

TRY, to

:$!

212

TRY (food / drink), to

#!1(,?&!

201

TRY on, to

+-A-+&!

212

TURN off, to

#!+-0'&!

213

TURN on, to

9!0'&!

213

TURN up, to

#!+-9%,!

TURN up one’s nose, to

:>&(0(1 !<%&!

139

TWIST, to

$!#0%>!*

214

UNDERSTAND, to

#!#%"!

214

UNDRESS, to

#!>$!

200

266!

UNENTHUSIASTIC, to be

$!+%A!0%"!

215

UNITE, to

#!%0'(!,%"!

215

UNLOAD, to

$!:*!

USE, to

>+!0%"!

216

USED to, to get

8%9&%&!

VALUE, to

$!4!1%"!

VANISH, to

#!39(,!0%"!

WAIT, to

:$!

216

WAIT for, to

*-$(,(

217

WAKE (s.o.), to

#!6&(;%"!

217

WALK, to

1%(0,-"!

218

WANT, to

,$-+!

218

WANT for, to

+-,!20%"!

148

WARM, to

#!'"-"!

219

WARN, to

#!40'>(*%"!

219

WASH, to

$!"!,&!

WASH (clothes), to

#!0%:>&!

220

WATCH, to

730%"!

220

WEAR, to

2!0%"!

221

WEIGH, to

!<-,!

222

WEIGH (s.o.s.t.), to

!<-,!

221

WEEP, to

2(0(*(

WIN, to

+-#%"!

222

WIPE (dry), to

#!>%>&!

112

267!

WISH (s.o.), to

+(*-:&!

WISH for, to

,$-+!

218

WITHDRAW, to

!+-6%"!

171

WORK, to

+38!-"!

223

WORRY, to

!6%*&%"!

223

WRITE, to

$!<%0!

224

YELL, to

7&(0(*(

185

268!

,%.%/(0(0" Appendices Common Postpositions Meaning

Formation

Example

-!"# / -$%!"#

like / as

Nom, w/ ending

!"#$%&'(')

-&"

in / at / to

Dat/Acc, w/o ending

)*'&'+,'

-'(

on / to / about

Dat/Acc, w/o ending

-./'0.1%

&)*"$

between

Dat/Acc, w/ ending

$2 -0'3.2%+ ,$2'+

-#%- %12)$

near

Gen, w/o ending

+.0/!2).3 .#&$+

-#!"$

for / by (time)

Gen, w/ ending

*.(,('+)('+

-"%-"

“à la”

Gen, w/o ending

5.2.6'.3' 7!2'

-3(-

toward

Gen, w/ ending

-$%0.3'+5%3

-+%-

from (s.o) / made of

Gen, w/ ending

6.8.&0'+/.3

-,%-

from (s.w)

Gen, w/ ending (final -+ removed)

'3/&'+'0.3

&(.,(+

after / since

Gen, w/ ending

/.5(%)'&'+ ,%-0%/

4"-

ago / before

Gen, w/ ending

$2' 08'+ 4'3

+%.)

because of

Gen, w/ ending

.-'30'+ /.-$

%5(#

on this side of

Gen, w/ ending

-)'+ .6%)

"5(#

on that side of

Gen, w/ ending

-)'+ '6%)

63%-

behind

Gen, w/ ending

+.#&'+ !5.3

5!(!"# / 5!(&

under / below

Gen, w/ ending

-./'0'+ 6(%(')

'(.)#

over / above

Gen, w/ ending

+.#!2.('+ 1%-$)

+%*(&(

without

Gen, w/ ending

&%6+'5$3'+ /.2%,%

+%*(&(.)

around

Gen, w/ ending

9*'+ /.2%,%-$

270!

+%$4!*"!

along

Gen, w/ ending

6!:'+ /.+4(2'(

&)*"$

among

Gen, w/ ending

#.&#'+ ,$2'+

#5."# /

according to

Gen, w/ ending

0%7!9.9'+ )6-')

."61(,%!%,

despite

Gen, w/ ending

4('-'+ -'!#%0.(.0

+!(*,"#

next to / beside

Gen, w/ ending

+.#&'+ /(%20')

7"*,%7"*

opposite

Gen, w/ ending

%5&%+''+ 7'20.7'2

-.,(

up to / in front of /

Adv, w/ ending (final -0 removed)

+.18(2.-0%

Gen, w/ ending

-).(2$*'+ ,%+.#%*

."1(,!"#

until &($%1(0

about

* Note that the postposition is to be attached if there is a hyphen placed before it in the first column above.

271!

Standard Case Declensions -"

-6

Nominative

6.&'

;-.

-%<%

$62$

Ergative

6.&-.

;-.-

-%<%-

$62$-

5!-

Dative /

6.&+

;-.+

-%<%+

$62$+

5!+

Genetive

6.&'+

;-'+

-%<'+

$62$+

5!+

Instrumental

6.&')

;-')

-%<')

$62$)'

5!)'

Adverbial

6.&.0

;-.0

-%<.0

$62$0

5!0

Vocative

6.&$

;-.$

-%<%$

$62$(

5!(

Plural

6.&%*'

;-%*'

-%<%%*'

$62$%*'

5!%*'

Accusative

272!

Verb Type-Case-Screeve Paradigm

Present Series

Aorist Series

Type One

Type Two

Type Three

Type Four

Subject

Nom

Dat/Acc

Object

Dat/Acc

Nom

Subject

Erg

Nom

Erg

Dat/Acc

Object

Nom

273!

Objects Diagrams

The!following!pages!show!a!few!verbs!with!all!their!direct!or!indirect!object!affixes.

274!

to AGREE with #%-1.)0% (Objects Diagram)

.( &("$ 8!(#5!("$"-"

.( --%).3#-%*' -%).3#-%*. --%).3#-%*') -%).3#-%*'.3

&(/%).3#-%*' -/%).3#-%*. /%).3#-%*') -/%).3#-%*'.3

Present .%$ + .%# (%).3#-%*' %).3#-%*' %).3#-%*. (%).3#-%*') %).3#-%*') %).3#-%*'.3

8!(-/(%).3#-%*' /(%).3#-%*. -/(%).3#-%*') /(%).3#-%*'.3

#5!(/%).3#-%*') -/%).3#-%*.) /%).3#-%*') -/%).3#-%*'.3

.( &("$ 8!(#5!("$"-"

.( -0.-%).3#-% 0.-%).3#-. -0.-%).3#-%) 0.-%).3#-3%3

&(0./%).3#-% -0./%).3#-. 0./%).3#-%) -0./%).3#-3%3

Aorist .%$ + .%# 0.(%).3#-% 0.%).3#-% 0.%).3#-. 0.(%).3#-%) 0.%).3#-%) 0.%).3#-3%3

8!(-0./(%).3#-% 0./(%).3#-. -0./(%).3#-%) 0./(%).3#-3%3

#5!(0./%).3#-%) -0./%).3#-.) 0./%).3#-%) -0./%).3#-3%3

275!

to FORGIVE (someone) / to pardon (someone) &(-,)0% (Objects Diagram)

.( &("$ 8!(#5!("$"-"

.( -,%-'30$* ,%-'30$*+ -,%-'30$*) ,%-'30$*%3

.( &("$ / .%8!(#5!("$"-" / .%#

.( -,%-'30% ,%-'30$ -,%-'30%) ,%-'30%+

&(,%/'30$* -,%/'30$*+ ,%/'30$*) -,%/'30$*%3

Present .%$ + .%# ,%(!30$* ,%!30$* ,%!30$*+ ,%(!30$*) ,%!30$*) ,%!30$*%3

8!(,%/('30$* ,%/('30$* ,%/('30$*+ -,%/('30$*) ,%/('30$*%3

#5!(,%/'30$*) -,%/'30$*) ,%/'30$*) -,%/'30$*%3

&(,%/'30% -,%/'30$ ,%/'30%) -,%/'30%+

Aorist .%$ + .%# ,%(!30% ,%!30% ,%/'30$ ,%(!30%) ,%!30%) ,%!30%+

8!(-,%/('30% ,%/('30$ -,%/('30%) ,%/('30%+

#5!(,%/'30%) -,%/'30$) ,%/'30%) -,%/'30%+

276!

to GIVE a gift 865(0% (Objects Diagram)

.( &("$ 8!(#5!("$"-"

.( &("$ / .%8!(#5!("$"-" / .%#

.( --:!63' -:!63'+ --:!63') -:!63'.3

-% --.:!6% -.:!6. --.:!6%) -.:!6%+

&(/:!63' -/:!63'+ /:!63') -/:!63'.3

,%3 /.:!6% -/.:!6. ./:!6%) -/.:!6%+

Present .%$ + .%# (:!63' :!63' :!63'+ (:!63') :!63') :!63'.3 Aorist -.+ + -.) (.:!6% .:!6% .:!6. .(:!6%) .:!6%) .:!6%+

277!

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)6(%3 /.:!6%) -/.:!6.) ./:!6%) -/.:!6%+

to HELP (someone) / to assist (someone) / to aid (someone) ,%1.%*(0% (Objects Diagram)

.( &("$ 8!(#5!("$"-"

.( --%#-.2%*' -%#-.2%*. --%#-.2%*') -%#-.2%*'.3

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0./%#-.2%) -0./%#-.2%3

Present .%$ + .%# (%#-.2%*' %#-.2%*' %#-.2%*. (%#-.2%*') %#-.2%*') %#-.2%*'.3 Aorist .%$ + .%# 0.(%#-.2% 0.%#-.2% 0.%#-.2. 0.(%#-.2%) 0.%#-.2%) 0.%#-.2%3

278!

8!(-/(%#-.2%*' /(%#-.2%*. -/(%#-.2%*') /(%#-.2%*'.3

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8!(-0./(%#-.2% 0./(%#-.2.

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to LIE to / to tell a lie to .)/96(0% (Objects Diagram)

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.( --.9=!%* -.9=!%*+ --.9=!%*) -.9=!%*%3

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279!

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to RECOMMEND to / to advise *8(!% (Objects Diagram)

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280!

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to TRANSLATE for +%,%#%*+.-% (Objects Diagram)

.( --').2/-3' -').2/-3'+ --').2/-3') -').2/-3'.3

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&(/').2/-3' -/').2/-3'+ /').2/-3') -/').2/-3'.3

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281!

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to TRUST (someone) / to have confidence in / to have faith in -,)0% (Objects Diagram)

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282!

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