estuary recovery/botanical gardens manhattan bridge intermodal freight hub
orchard
estuary recovery/botanical gardens
A
victory garden municipal botanical gardens
new neighborhood scale commercial buildings trolley stop b neighborhood water purification ponds b
new neighborhood scale housing
waterfront markets and recreation areas
new neighborhood scale commercial buildings brooklyn bridge community and commercial plaza pace university expansion neighborhood water collection ponds
brooklyn bridge redesigned for pedestrians and cyclists c
waterfront brt stop
c
A
fulton st. transit corridor brt stop
KEY Surface Treatment Shared Street
ferry stop 0
100m
n
Pedestrian Vehicular BRT lanes
LOWER terreformInc
© ® 2010
MANHATTAN
How can the organization of movement systems help conduce urban democracy and the right to the city? How can they help to make city’s spaces become less proprietary, more shared? And how can movement help solve other crucial problems faced by cities around the world: global warming, pollution and waste, neighborhood isolation, mono-functional use, implacable
REMIX
increased. Second, we seek to strengthen the connections within the study area, especially between historically isolated Chinatown and the rest of Lower Manhattan. Third, we seek to radically remix and rebalance the mix and nature of pedestrian, bicycle, vehicular, and freight movement. Fourth, we wish to facilitate inter-modal green the site with a wide variety of living biological systems.
This project is predicated on an idea about urban circulation that grows from a vision not of speed and isolation but of slow motion and mix. Our idea foregrounds the social logic of movement, not merely the physics of bodies in space. These ideas have been greatly inspired by experiences in cities in India and the “developing” the fantasy of lamination – every mode isolated vertically in its own space – but by utter mix. This picture of a roiling sea of pedestrians, scooters, bullock carts, cars, busses, trucks, elephants, bikes, and, of course, those enabling cows may not be precisely the model for New York but it suggests characteristics that seem extremely relevant. energetic means. Second, the teeming mass of differently powered and functioning means (two legs, four wheels, four legs and two wheels, etc.) demands a style of negotiation that makes movement at once dialogic and democratic. There’s a ritual of interrogation and deference that is enormously urban and, at its best, tremendously civil. And, the serial encounters that setting out in such a system
Lower Manhattan is uniquely primed for such a transformation. Few other locations in the U.S. are as well-equipped with basic technical and morphological infrastructure to support a pedestrian and public transit-based movement culture. Saturated with subway lines, terminus of the PATH, dotted with ferry stops, two major transit stations currently under construction, and ready to receive additional rail, water, and BRT systems, Lower Manhattan is already the most intensively public-transit served area model for the world. The historic development of the lower Manhattan from the original Dutch settlement has left it singularly susceptible to radical pedestrianisation and urban re-imagination. The central core of streets is medieval in its irregularity and most are narrow in width. Blocks are short. And, the narrowing dimensions of the island as it nears its southern tip help establish a cross-island sense, placing virtually every site within an easy walk of the water. Moreover, the quality of the architecture, built over three centuries, is remarkable, ranging from the intimate scales of the eighteenth and by the Dutch.
face to face. Cities are juxtaposition engines, great structures for organizing both accidental
delight of bumping into an old friend in the street can’t be overstated, not every such accident is a happy one - best not to run into your ex- every time you set out. But the production of these meetings in both their reliability and their unpredictably is what the production of the city and its infrastructure is about. Our proposal for Lower Manhattan begins with a number of key propositions. The hierarchy, with bikes close behind. This means both that all other modes must defer to pedestrians and that the space of pedestrian movement is to be dramatically
This proposal suggests establishing a heavily pedestrianised and zero-emissions zone in the area south of Canal Street and the addition of a variety of new infrastructures – large and small – to support this new character and to connect districts downtown – Chinatown, the Civic Center, the Financial District, Tribeca, and Battery Park City – that are currently over-isolated, in large measure due to divisive physical and cultural boundaries. Many of these barriers, including the Brooklyn Bridge approaches, the FDR, the Battery Tunnel entry, and the overly-wide reconstruction of West Street, are installations designed to facilitate the hegemony of cars. By remaking the texture of movement, we anticipate that the texture of use can also be dramatically rebalanced in favor of greater mix and a great shift of street space to a richer set of uses.
parking – into more public categories of use. We do not regard this transformation as a zero-sum operation and do not seek to make alternative provisions for the connections between the Drive and the Brooklyn Bridge, along West Street, and from the Holland Tunnel over Canal Street to the Manhattan Bridge and the BQE beyond. Instead, we imagine a scheme that is based on the exclusion of cross-site Manhattan dramatically calmed and intricately connected, with an absolute privilege at grade to people on foot. Below grade, we support the maximum enhancement of rail movement and are heartened by the upgrading represented by the Fulton Transit Hub and the Calatrava Station at Ground Zero. We believe, as well, in the completion of the Second Avenue Subway and the construction of a one-seat rail link from Lower Manhattan to JFK. In addition, we think that this mass of rail lines can serve not simply for passenger movement but for that of freight as well. Although not detailed in this proposal, we do think that the subway might be used during late hours for freight movment to the area. This would require appropriate sidings, lifts, and transfer zones at grade and We have paid special attention to freight movement because it is a problem with system for goods coming into the city as well as the use of city streets by trucks that are simply passing though, a problem of particular severity on and around Canal Street where freight transits from New Jersey to Long Island. We fully support the proposed cross-harbor rail tunnel to Brooklyn but also believe that this solution will not simply take many years to complete but that other measures must be taken on both the demand and supply sides of the equation. This means both a ban on for moving freight into the city. We have outlined a system of barge transfer, smaller scale zero-emissions delivery vehicles, and rigid scheduling of deliveries to introduce such a new relationship in Lower Manhattan. Finally, the proposal looks well beyond transportation in the issues it addresses. The city’s circulatory armature is not a closed loop but a medium for helping to create the kind of city we wish to have. Transport cannot be isolated from its impacts, whether in valorizing location, in reducing energy demand, in mitigating pollution, in humanizing the experience of circulation, in shaping the fundamental morphology EXISITING SITE
MOVEMENT AT GRADE
MOVEMENT BELOW GRADE
LEGEND Additional Housing
1
2
BROOKLYN BRIDGE AND WATERFRONT MOVEMENT AT GRADE An increase in connectivity among the constituent neighborhoods of the study, including Chinatown, the Civic Center, the Financial District, and Battery Park City. This is to be achieved by additional pedestrian ways, by making the Brooklyn Bridge structure far more permeable at grade, and by including a trolley along Mulberry and Nassau Streets to ferry residents and tourists back and forth.
Dramatic pedestrianisation of the area below Chambers Street and the addition of many new pedestrian links within this district and those that of the existing area of streets dedicated to vehicular use. Rationalize movement surfaces in the study Slo-Mo (all approved zero-emissions vehicles), and current allowable mix.
Removal of the modern connective A zero-emissions policy for the area below infrastructure between the Brooklyn Bridge and the FDR Drive to liberate the areas along and Chambers Street, including taxicabs. We have included a series of transfer points for movement under the bridge.
for one vehicle type to another as well as storage facilities for zero-emissions vehicles owned by
New cultural, community, educational and commercial uses in and around the all existing commuter parking facilities, liberating a bridge. Reconstruction of East River piers for huge volume for more useful purposes. recreational and aqua-cultural uses, to provide uninterrupted access to the water’s edge, and Provision of maximally bicycle-friendly to protect against the risk of sea-level rise. This infrastructure. reconstruction is to include a large cove, oyster A coast to coast trolley along Fulton Street to beds, and wetlands. Construction of new housing, commercial, and education
link Hudson and East River ferries, the Calatrava and Fulton Street Stations, the Chinatown trolley, BRT lines, and other subways.
and to more tightly connect them to the waterfront and surrounding neighborhoods.
A glazed arcade along the central portion of Fulton Street - from Nassau to Water - to enliven its character and protect mode to mode movement from the elements.
Provision of extensive docking infrastructure Removal of the elevated FDR Drive and for Manhattan, inter-borough, and interstate replacement with a four lane, two-way boulevard, a dedicated transit lane, and a generous bike path. ferries as well as water taxis.. Re-contouring of the northern end of the dead zone cause by its ill-conceived geometry.
Completion of BRT lines running north-south along both coasts and along the proposed Water Street/Allen Street/1st Avenue line. the “reduced volume” strategy of this initiative. Brooklyn Bridge to bicycle lanes. Creation of transit-linked storage facilities for tour busses and private zero-emissions vehicles for area residents. Creation of a community eco-car share system.
ARIAL VIEW FROM NORTH
4
3 MOVEMENT BELOW GRADE
Construction of a dedicated tube parallel to the Holland Tunnel to continue the New Jersey shoreline light rail across Canal Street and the Manhattan Bridge to the Brooklyn Civic Center. Completion of the Second Avenue Subway. Construction of the JFK rail link.
Additional Housing Green Space Car Share Parking
GREEN NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSING, CULTURAL AMENITIES, AND INFRASTRUCTURE ADDITIONS
Mixed-use build-out of existing soft, vacant, and parking sites with special attention to the “projects’ in Chinatown and the Lower East Side. Construction of legal and physical infrastructure to allow all freight deliveries south of Chambers Street to be conducted in smallscale, zero-emissions vehicles. The system would involve ganging and containerized freight at Red Hook and the Port of Newark and its barging to distribution sites at Pier 40 and immediately north of the Manhattan Bridge as well as the construction of two access and distribution points for a subway freight system. Dramatic improvement in the technological recycling and re-use, carbon sequestration, building, and other systems to further sustainable movement initiatives at the core of this proposal. Street rebuilding to include run-off capture and re-use systems. Creation of a Botanical Garden within the area of the housing projects and the Chinatown co-ops.
8th st.
T
T
astor pl.
houston
8 bleecker spring broadway/lafayette
ECOZONE SOUTH OF CANAL ST.
2nd ave. lower east side
prince
canal St. spring
7
bowery canal St. franklinv canal St.
essexdelancey
grand St.
6
T
chambers St. market St.
chambers St. city Hall
e. broadway
park place world trade center
chatham Square
brooklyn bridge
T
fulton Transit Center cortlandt St.
broadway/Nassau fulton St.
rector St. wall St
1
2
broad St. wall st. bowling green
Manhattan Bridge Brooklyn Bridge
water st.
3
hanover square
whitehall
T
4
south Ferry
5 T
water taxi
T
truck storage
1
intermodal freight hub
subway above ground stop dedicated lane
car share storage
trolley lane tour bus storage
vehicle lane
taxi intermode
ferry
SURFACE MOVEMENT MAP
TOTAL FREIGHT SYSTEM
1
arriving freight
freight transfer
freight delivery in ecozone
ARIAL VIEW FROM SOUTH
PIER INTERMODAL TRANSPORT HUB NYC Metropolitan area freight Manhattan freight
333,000,000
11,648,340
ocean freight
PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE ECOZONE
INDIVIDUAL/SMALL SCALE MODES
short tons of freight each year
short tons of freight each year (scaled to living and working population)
1
barge =
1,000
tons max x
11,648
barges/year x
31.91 barges/day x 4 barges/day each pier
rail freight 20 ft
8 ft
1
shipping container =
62,436 lbs
freight
5 ft
x 422,410
4 ft
BRT
x 552
streetcar
x 150
x 422,410
4-passenger car share
20 ft
8 ft
zipcar car share network
trolley
8 ft 8 ft
port of new jersey
1 eco Truck =
air freight (from newark airport)
20,000 lbs max x 1,164,834
trucks/year x
3,191
trucks/day x
265
trucks/hour x
33
trucks/hour/hub
4 ft
bike share
by subway
x 495
barge to manhattan
1
truck freight
subway to manhattan
2
(ecozone)
rail freight
segway delivery vehicle =
6,000
lbs max
INTERIOR INTERMODAL FREIGHT CONDITION
by ecotruck
neighborhood stations
ferry ecotruck smart car
x 500
x 422,410
taxi transfer
barge to manhattan
33
x 500
ped taxi
taxi network
at
at
3
bicycle taxi
neighborhood stations
segway
truck freight small freight segway
red hook
subway stations would be equipped with street to subway-level freight elevators
subways take loads of freight during off-hours
air freight (from jfk airport) ocean freight
4 barges 400 ecotrucks
8
2 barges 200 trucks
7
sunnyside yards rail freight truck and rail freight to red hook intermodal hub
2 barges 200 trucks
6
1
2
3 4
4 barges8 barges 400 ecotrucks
5
tunnel
800trucks
2 barges 200 trucks
4 barges 400 ecotrucks
newark international airport Freight to port of new jersey
maglev rail link water links
bridge maglev rail link
red hook shipping container center intermodal freight terminal
rail link
port of new jersey freight to regional to barge
proposed cross-harbor tunnel
jfk international airport freight to red hook intermodal hub
Bridge Steel Structure Pavement Gravel Concrete
Water Collection pipe to biofilter street runoff planter drain collection pipe
Planter Soil Concrete Brick Face Gravel
Water Collection Bioswale Tree Pit
MAPPED REGIONAL FREIGHT SYSTEM MAPPED REGIONAL FREIGHT SYSTEM MAPPED REGIONAL FREIGHT SYSTEM
Surfaces Stone Pavers Stone 1 Stone 2 Gravel Soil
Services Gas Line Electricity Cable & Phone
Water Pipe Sewage Pipe
FULTON STREET EXISITING VIEW
BROOKLYN BRIDGE PLAZA EXITING VIEW
FULTON STREET BRT STATION
BROOKLYN BRODGE PLAZA
FULTON STEET ARCADE EXISTING VIEW
MONROE STREET
MONROE STREET EXISTING VIEW
FULTON STEET ARCADE
municipal building
new neighborhood scale commercial buildings
estuary revival
estuary revival
trolley station
commercial and community spaces under brooklyn bridge
brt
waterfront community building
brt
estuary revival brooklyn bridge community and commercial plaza
manhattan bridge intermodal freight hub
brooklyn bridge redesigned for pedestrians and cyclists
local pier
Se
0
100m