5. ANCIENT EGYPT: CULTURE AND ART CULTURE - They invented writing at the same time as the Mesopotamians. - They used hieroglyphs, which were symbols and pictures that represented objects and ideas. - They used astronomy to study the flooding of the Nile. They invented the solar calendar. - They used mathematics to calculate the level of water in the Nile.
- In medicine, they learned a lot of the human body and practised surgery.
5. ANCIENT EGYPT: CULTURE AND ART -
RELIGION They were polytheists, who believed in many gods. Each city had its own divinity. They also worshipped the pharaoh and the Nile. Some of their gods and goddesses were part human and part animal. Examples of Gods and Goddesses: -
Ra (God of the Sun) Osiris (God of the dead) Isis (Goddess of fertility) Horus (God of the sky and war) Amun (God of the wind) Anubis (Guardian of the dead)
- They believed in life after death - The dead were mummified so that hey would have a body in the afterlife.
5. ANCIENT EGYPT: CULTURE AND ART ART - SCULPTURE: - The main subjects were pharaohs and gods. - The sculptures were rigid and expressionless.
- PAINTINGS: - They represented pharaohs and gods - Sometimes the paintings included details of everyday life.
5. ANCIENT EGYPT: CULTURE AND ART ARCHITECTURE -
They built huge temples and tombs. They used big stones, columns and walls They didn’t have arches or domes.
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TEMPLES:
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They were stone buildings with an impressive entrance, courtyards and rooms that led to the god’s sanctuary.
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There were great temples at Karnak and Luxor.
TOMBS: -
There were three types: 1.
MASTABAS: were low pyramids with a flat roof.
2.
PYRAMIDS: were tombs for pharaohs that were built with huge stones. The funeral chamber was hidden inside.
3.
HYPOGEA: were ombs carved in rock.