2. THE SPANISH MONARCHY OF FELIPE II -
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FELIPE II Felipe II, king of Spain was the ruler of the largest empire in the world. Madrid and El Escorialwere new centres of power in, relying on the Crown of Castilla. This empire is called the Spanish monarchy. Felipe developed a complex bureaucracy and system of advisors. He gave more power to the viceroys and governors who ruled outise Castilla and the corregidores in the provinces and municipalities.
2. THE SPANISH MONARCHY OF FELIPE II THE INHERITANCE OF FELIPE II - He inherited the territories of the House of Burgundy and the Crowns of Aragรณn and Castilla and their territories in Europe and America. - Later, the kingdom of Portugal was added with its territories around the world.
2. THE SPANISH MONARCHY OF FELIPE II OPPOSITION TO FELIPE II - Felipe II ‘s rule in Spain was authoritarian and provoke resistance:
1. Revolt of the Moriscos: - Felipe II was a greater defender of Catholicism and resisted the spread of Protestants. - The role of Inquisition became more powerful. - The Moriscos were Muslims who had converted to Christianity. - The revolt broke out in the Alpujarras (Granada) after Felipe II had forbidden the practise of certain Muslim customs. - This revolt was defeated by Juan de Austria and Moriscos were forced to move away from Granada and live in other regions.
2. THE SPANISH MONARCHY OF FELIPE II 2. Unrest in Aragón:
-Antonio Pérez , secretary to the king, was accused of muerder. -He fled to Aragón and was protected by the Justicia mayor who defended the Aragonese fueros. - Felipe II insisted that he should be sent back to Castilla, but the Aragonese refused. - A revolt broke out, which Felipe defeated and used as an excuse to reduce Aragonese autonomy.
2. THE SPANISH MONARCHY OF FELIPE II 3. In the Netherlands: - The calvinists opposed the king who refused to accept the Protestants. - Northern provinces declared independence under the name of the United Provinces. - Felipe II disagreed an tries to reconquer them in a long war.
2. THE SPANISH MONARCHY OF FELIPE II FOREIGN POLICIES - Felipe II ‘s international policies aimed to strengthen his territories and defend Catholicism. 1. France: - He defeated the French at the Battle of Saint Quentin which was followed by the Peace of Cateau-CambrĂŠsis. 2. The Holy League: - He created the Holy League formed by the Papacy, Venice and other Italian states to confront and defeat the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto. - This ended Turkish control of the eastern Mediterranean. 3. Portugal: - He claimed the Portuguese throne through his mother, Isabel of Portugal. - His troops froced the Parliament of Tomar to accept him as the king - His rule over Portuguese territories overseas made his empire more vast. 4. England: - He wanted to bring England back to Catholicism and stop English attacks on Spanish ships. - - He planned to invade England. - His fleet, The Invincible Armada was defeated in 1588.