Bachelor of Urban and Regional Planning
Historical Axes Regeneration A comprehensive plan and research aim to develop new design principles and criteria to regenerate the historic quarter of Jeddah “Al-Balad" and activate the role of the public realm to boost economic and social mobility toward enhancing the tourism experience and the historic urban landscape. Faculty of planning and architecture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA.
One of the Best Urban Planning and Design Undergraduate Projects, King Abdulaziz University Class of 2019
Thamer Abdulaziz Alsaedi
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Undergraduate Research Bachelor of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Architecture and Planning King Abdulaziz University
2018 - 2019
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CONTENTS
1. IDENTIFICATION OF STUDY
2. STUDY ACTION AREA
3. DESIGN PRINCIPALS
Problem statement
Overview of the study area
1st Principal: Visual quality and richness
Objectives
Bu er zones regulation
2nd Principal: Safe and secure access
Methodology
Pedestrian accessibility map
3rd Principal: Legibility & accessibility 4th Principal: New functions & activates
Study time-frame Relevant stakeholders Users and activities mapping
4. PRESENT SITUATION
4. ALTERNATIVE PROPOSAL
Land use plan
Scope of interventions
Building typologies distribution plan
Alternative plan of Qabil axis
Urban landscape evaluation
Alternative plan of Alnada axis
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Overview Around the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the historical and traditional cities have embraced the approaches of mixed-use and socially inclusive communities, where the residents can work, live, and enjoy their life without any physical or environmental restrictions. Also, these cities & communities were designed by locals who unitized their local and sustainable resources under consideration of responsible consumption and production. The traditional markets are the backbone of the historic quarters that generate social and economic mobility. Jeddah city has one of the most famous traditional markets located in the heart of the city center, that named Souq Alnada, and Qabil street. A long time ago, These two axes de ned Albalad "Historical Jeddah" as a trading & recreational center for the locals and visitors since the city was the gate of Makkah and the Muslim pilgrims are coming around the world.
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Objectives
Improving the holistic urban landscape is giving the visitors a good perception as IMPROVING HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE
ACTIVATING ROLE OF LOCAL PRODUCT
REVITALIZATION OF AL BALAD IDENTITY
well as strong mental image and this is a
rst and last
impression between these two is an experience of liveENHANCING TOURISM EXPERIENCE
ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF LIFE
RENEWING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
in-culture based on local community, cultural product and events.
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Methodology
when
problem statement
(urban regeneration & preservation) historic axes, jeddah
what
why
formulating aims and objectives
demographics
primary social where
secondary
types of users
primary
regulations
secondary
visual quality
data collections
who
physical
urban form, fabric
spatial & normative analysis
perception behaviour
cognitive analysis
attractions & purposes
design stage
data analysis
design strategies & areas of interventions
how
Through ve primary stages, beginning with a problem statement, then objectives setting, collecting and analyzing data then the design alternative stage, and throughout these stages, we will translate results as answers for six questions. which is ( what, why, where, when, who, how .. ? )
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01/08
01/10
01/17
01/22
02/08
03/04
04/11
04/15
phase 1
problem statment aims & odjectives research methodology theoretical framework
phase 2
primary database secondary database
phase 3
data analysis
design stage nal report
nal report 1/18/2019 Completion of the rst stage and formulation of ideas for the project. 1/8/2019 The start of the project
3/4/2019 Completion of the second stage, the stage of collecting secondary and primary information, reviewing it, assessing the current situation and analyzing data.
5/3/2019 The nal stage for developing design alternatives and achieving goals through the proposed alternative according to the data 11/4/2019 The end of the graduation project and the preparation of the nal report
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Timetable
CULTURAL HERITAGE GLOBAL & NATIONAL LEVEL
SDG11. sustainable cities and communities Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage the
sustainable development goals
indicator is Total expenditure per capita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural heritage.
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3
international level
SDG12 responsible consumption and production Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
national level
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Quality of Life Program (1) Historical Jeddah is one of the most significant components of tourism infrastructure in the Makkah region (2) Several heritage initiatives provide to the quality of life of the population in Saudi cities, including the development of 14 heritage sites and the provision of heritage events.
WHY CULTURAL H E R I T A G E ..?
vision of 2030
National Transformation Progra (1) The eighth dimension of the program is to promote the Kingdom as a global cultural destination. (2) Developing the tourist sector, reviving and rehabilitating national heritage sites and reviving (one of the vision themes) traditions. vibrant society with strong roots
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SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES THE INFORMED PARTICIPATION OF ALL RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS,
UNWTO
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Relevant stakeholders
2. Ministry of culture
3. Jeddah municipality
-
Preservation and protection of urban heritage . Rehabilitation and development of urban heritage sites . Investment and nance in urban heritage . Developing the role of local communities and council. Activating and developing the role of partners from public and private sectors . Raising awareness on the urban heritage .
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The proposal development plan for the historic The application of local and international standards in processes. Formulation of new regulations to maintain the outstanding value . Improve living conditions suitable for residents. Support and approval of all governmental authorities.
- Encourage government to the convention to nominate sites within their national Territory for inclusion on the World Heritage List.
3. UNESCO
- Establish management plans and set up reporting systems of Heritage sites state. - Participation of the local population in the preservation of heritage. - Providing technical assistance and professional training;
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The Social Fabric
Who is the user
- The social fabric of any historical context is more complicated and diverse than any other settlement and community; the social accumulation over time caused "unplanned development" that the emergence of new behaviors by the individuals
- The economy boomed during the 1970s and '80s; unlike most developing countries, Saudi Arabia had an abundance of capital; this boomed impacted on the rhythm of development, and pushed to uncontrolled development due to the rapid growth and the migration to the cities
Local Residens
Local Community
Artist & Specialist
- The local community is a critical factor in "representative the culture" where are the residents are a part of the overall system within other physical and cultural factors; the locals' satisfaction level is an essential indicator to enhancing the site's comprehensively.
Quality of life, Daily needs, Jobs opportunities
Tourist
Raise awareness, Positive social change, Heritage preservation and protection
Unique experience over the activity and local culture
Vistors
Jeddah Residents
Sense of belong, Leisure and traditional shopping experience, Jobs opportunities
.
.
?
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Users and activities mapping
Jameel House of Traditional Arts
Al Maymaar Mosque
cultural
coffee culture
islamic
souq Al-Alawi social
souq Al-Alawi
tourism
social
souq al-Nada
trading activity
souq Al-Alawi souq al-Nada
outdoor sitting area
outdoor sitting area
bin laden mosque
Al-Hijaz house
souq al-Nada node
Nassif house museum
cultural
tourism
0
50
cultural
100
200
Matbouli house museum
cultural
400m
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Case studies highlight
NP
Historical city, Malacca, Malaysia
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Kemeralti Market, Izmir, Turkey
(objective)
Revitalization of public spaces with t h e participation of store owners. To r e n e w a l traditional market and create a_
Malacca
Izmir
(objective) Shift the economy and trade centre of the historical district centre to the modern centres, which may pose_
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El-Darb El-Ahmar, Cairo, Egypt
Cairo
(objective) managing and preparing planning tools to social and economic rehabilitation and rise the environmental conditions
cultural shopping experience, that revitalizes the historical commercial axis overall.
economic risks to the sustainability of the heritage site.
(suitability analysis)
1- building conditions 2- paving conditions 3- accessibility & way- nding 4- legibility 5- street furniture & lighting 6- up-keeping street 7- vitality.
(level of interventions)
(development principles)
- the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture.
spatial suitability Analysis, according to the high permeability of the site, in addition to the economic and cultural value in determining the priority of development and de ning the tourist route and the main artery in the historic site.
(development principles) -quality of heritage landscape -urban public spaces -regenerate of outdoor activity
(evaluating list of streetscape)
-quality of streetscape -An exceptional experience -variety of activities, passive and active activities
as world heritage site as well as reactivating urban fabric and jobs opportunities.
1- conservations 2- restoration 3- social and economic rehabilitation 4- new development ( Al-Azhar Park ) (Financing policy) -public-private partnerships - Empowering society and individuals to rehabilitate their properties through the credit policy.
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Case studies highlight
Izmir
Malacca
Cairo
Al-Nada & Qabil axes
Engagement
Public participation
Public participation
Public- private participation
The engagement of the private sector is the policy of the Saudi government and the consequences of developing and managing " the high sensitive site" are guaranteed by the private sector more than engaging public.
scope of Intervention
Multi-Intervene
Revitalization Conservation
Restoration Conservation Rehabilitation
Regeneration Conservation Restoration
Approach
Integrated
Integrated
Buffer zone
As a commercial area, integration with the city's system and fabric is more bene cial than considering it an isolated site.
Purpose
Shophouses revitalization
Axis regeneration
Quality of life in historic district
axis regeneration includes revitalization and alteration of land uses, improvement of space and urban landscape
HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE
- UNESCO’s approach to managing historic urban landscape is holistic; it integrates the NEW LIFE FOR HISTORIC CITIES
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goal of urban heritage conservation and those of social and economic development. this method sees urban heritage as a social, cultural and economic asset for the development of cities. As an approach, it considers cultural diversity and creativity as key assets for human, social and economic development. It is an alternative method to cutting the city up through ‘zoning’ into separate conservation areas.
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Study area and buffer zones regulations
NP
Nominated Property
the oldest urban area of Jeddah city, which is contain group of urban, archaeological and architectural value and importance, and de ned by the limits of the historic wall of Jeddah, with total area 18 hectares.
Bu er Zone (1)
BZ1
The area surrounding the nominated property zone, it is containing the mutual part of the historical region and part of the original urban fabric, but did not conform to the standards of the UNESCO.
NP
guidelines & controls
Heritage buildings have the policy of urban preservation, evaluation, and restoration through the building regulations guide of the historic zone, or rehabilitation through building Code for historical Jeddah. This also includes buildings that were established in the 1950s.
BZ1,2
guidelines & controls
- It is reserved for commercial use and traditional markets, and new uses can be introduced from the master plan after approval of the developer.
- Finishing materials must be used in harmony with the government, especially the buildings on Al-Dhahab Street Bu er Zone (2)
BZ2
overlooking the historic area.
- the plot of 5000 square meters or more are unique It was inside the historic wall but was affected by the rapid development that occurred in the Kingdom after the 1950s. One of the reasons for the apparent change is the development of Al-Dahab Street , which led to the fragmentation of the historical region.
development projects that must be presented and review with the municipality, these plots areas are subject to the regulation of detailed planning .
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BZ1
Al-Dahab Street
NP historical gates
Al-Khasakiah traditional market Al-Falah School
heritage houses souq al-anda Al-Shafei Mosque
souq Al-Nada Al-Shafei Mosque BZ2 BZ3
Qabil street
Al Maymaar Mosque
BZ4
Ju ali mosque
SA monetary agency
Bab Sharif
Al Mahmal Commercial Center
bab makkah
Al-Khasakiah
Ahli Bank building
0
100
200
400
700 m
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PRESENT INTERVENTIONS & UPDATES souq Al-Nada Shading removed
some heritage building it was blocked because the shading strategy without exception
Restoration part of Qabil Street hard intervention (Demolition) souq Al-Alawi
souq Al-Nada
restoration of heritage buildings
Contributed to improving the quality of the scene as a part of the nominated property opportunity to develop the area with new project that really support tourism and heritage overall (public interest)
Al-Thahab street
Opening of Al-Thahab Street and closing the intersection underground tunnel to souq Al-Alawi
0
100
enhancing the visual quality and pedestrian experience through continuity of the view, as well as improve the .environmental condition
200
400
700 m
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P Airport 28 km
Railway station 11 km hR
ys rna l ku
oad
d
Ol
A
d
a Ro ah
k ak
M
hah
Al-T ab
King A
stre et
bdula
treet
hin S
Bais
eet ziz Str
TRANSPROTIN NETWORK & ROADS
Paid parking
Tra c ow
Makkah 88 km
Tra c ow
1800 vehicles / hour
1000 vehicles / hour parking Lot Paid parking
SAPTCO Jeddah Station
uass
sasa
h Str eet
P
the a ordable paid parking system is the most common method for parking for one hour or three hours as a maximum, distributed throughout the historic zone Including Al-Thahab street and King Abdulaziz Street.
Ba
na
ja
h
st
re e
t
Public transportation
parking strategy
Al M
Arterial Road Collector Road Local Road
treet
d Din s
Salah A
0
100
200
400
700 m
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fl
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FUTURE PROPOSAL JEDDAH PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM Old Ma h kka ad
Ro
hah
Al-T ab
King A
stre et
bdula eet ziz Str uass
sasa
na
ja
h
st
re e
t
h Str eet
Ba
eet in Str
Baish
Al M
Red line Green line tramway Salah Ad Din street
0
100
200
400
700 m
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PEDESTRIAN ACCESSIBILITY
HIGH ACCESSIBILITY
LOW ACCESSIBILITY
0
100
200
400
700 m
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LAND USE PLAN
islamic 3.2% cultural 1.1% Residential 23.4%
Commercial 42.6%
3%
1%
ISLAMIC
CULTURAL
BY AREA
Residential commercial 29.8% 42%
PRESENT SITUATION
The traditional market of Al-Nada used to be commercial and trading axes that embraced the local products and presented the local culture and community of the historical quarter in speci c and Jeddah city in general. Today to boost a holistic and successful tourism experience, 43% of commercial uses and 30% of the commercial-residential area, the quality of the products needs to be controlled and validated. Obviously, the cultural heritage uses alongside the hospitality services, such as the museum, and cultural hotels are needs to be increased to re ect the site's spirit, in addition to enhance the economic mobility.
COMMERCIAL
23% RESIDENTIAL
29% RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL
1% CULTURAL
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RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
13% clothing stores 11% the fabric & tailor shop jewellery restaurant herbs & spices stores 13% other
42%
5% 17%
17%
20%
20%
13%
13%
16%
consumers product the fabric & tailor shop jewellery hardware shop herbs & spices stores other
commercial commercial & residential residential cultural islamic governmental
0
50
100
200
400m
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Building Typologies Distribution Plan
PRESENT SITUATION
During the site, there are di erent building typologies that might be described into two main categories: (1) the cultural monuments and (2) the modern-built buildings, both of these categories have di erent conditions that
A
B
C
B
D
E
might need a di erent scope of interventions and restoration techniques. The heterogeneity of building typologies and heights provides an indistinct image and unclear place perception, which is re ected in the destination's holistic image, which directly a ects the tourism journey and experience.
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211.6628
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(A)
landmark heritage
(B)
heritage building
(C)
modern / economic building
(D)
modern building
(E)
poor building
0
50
100
200
400m
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Urban Landscape Evaluation The historic quarter is the spot where the past meets the present, and the heritage meets the modernist. Sometimes, the combination of these two contrast elements works well in a nice tune when modernity serves the heritage; when the urban landscape prioritizes the heritage scene
The Holisti Perception
over the modernity. Otherwise, the perception of the place will be poor and unclear to the visitors. toward achieving a good perception of the site, must the site apply a different strategy to restore the heritage buildings, improve the modern scenes, and remove visual distortions as well as inappropriate architectural elements such as the building's facades.
solid and void
33%
40%
VOID
SOLID
VOID
60%
SOLID
67% Al-Nada & Qabil
Al-Alawi
Qabil
Al-Nada SOUTH
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disconnected scene
63.8804 454.8920
NORTH
211.6628
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URBAN LANDSCAPE EVALUATION
VISUAL QUALITIES PERCEPTION MULTIPLE SCENES
RICH SCENES
HERITAGE
MODERN
POOR
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FOUR
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
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DEVELOPING A HIGH-VALUE DESTINATION,
VISUAL QUALITY & RICHNESS
NEW FUNCTIONS & ACTIVITIES
SAFE & SECURE ACCESS
LEGIBILITY & ACCESSIBILITY
A high quality cultural & modern destination that … + Creates opportunities + Enhances living situations + Activates the public realm + Boosts economic & social mobility 29
VISUAL QUALITY & RICHNESS DESIGN PRINCIPLE
Examples for building condition
The term of “ serial vision “ means how far the continuation of quality of views without any distraction, which helps to clarify the place image and activate the identity, and one of the critical factors to generating a great tourism experience This principle depends on improving the rich heritage scenes and identifying and emphasizing them. If we want a strong visual experience, we must focus on the holistic view, which means the point of view inside and outside the axis/site, attracting more visitors who want to explore
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Examples for building typology
building condition
9
Excellent
1 6
8
Good
5
A
1 4 7 1 1
3 2
B
C
D
E
OUTSIDE VIEW
1
Fair
3
14
1 1
Poor E
D
C
B building typology
.
.
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1
OUTSIDE VIEW
4
2
3 4 OUTSIDE VIEW
7 5
14
5 10
OUTSIDE VIEW
6
7
13
OUTSIDE VIEW
12 12
10
9 8
11
9
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SAFE & SECURE ACCESS DESIGN PRINCIPLE
PREFERRED ACCESS
NOT PREFERRED CORRIDORS
-
- Components of the corridor are clear and
Day / night dark corridors Poor pavement condition
safe
Unsuitable commercial uses such as butcher’s shops
design
- Use the corridors as a parking of private
- Use of signboards and good naming of the
vehicles
- The direct access are better than indirect - Shading all day time and good conditioning - It Must has a good nishing, lighting and interior design
- Must be integrated with the heritage site
paths
- Infrastructure issues, dangers of electrical
- The most preferred type of the access and corridor
- Well-known destinations - Quality of infrastructure and pavement
Unknown destination
INTERNAL ACCESS
- Use unique lighting in the sheltered corridor
appliances and cables
to encourage pedestrians to go through it
5
4
3
2
1
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Not preferred
Not preferred INTERNAL ACCESS EXTERNAL ACCESS NOT PREFERRED
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LEGIBILITY & ACCESSIBILITY DESIGN PRINCIPLE The urban system in a simpli ed form consists of points and centers of attraction and arteries connected to these points; if the system is consistently connected from one point (square, landmark, and house) to another point, this will contribute to the clarity of the mental image of the place as well as the landmark and heritage monuments, which makes the site intellectually memorable and visually distinctive. The development of a tour map with naming the squares and landmarks shall encourage tourists to explore more.
LAND_ MARK AS A REFE_ RENCE POINT
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1
AL-HANAFI MOSQUE
2
3 HERITAGE MONUMENTS
4
ALMAGHRIBIA MOSQUE 12
MATBOULI HOUSE
8 AL-MIMAR MOSQUE
HISTORIC GATE
5
11
HOUSE OF TRADITIONAL ART
6
NURWALI HOUSE
7
MUNICIPALITY
9
10
NASSIF HOUSE
MONUMENTS SPACE
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NEW FUNCTIONS & ACTIVITIES DESIGN PRINCIPLE CASE (A)
CASE (B)
CASE (C)
CASE (D)
MARIAHILFER ST, VIENNA, AUSTRIA
MONTMARTRE, PARIS, FRANCE
CATHEDRAL, MALAGA, SPAIN
THE ART DISTRICT، MALAGA, SPAIN
- REDEVELOPMENT OF THE BOULEVARD DESIGN
- Last century the elegant boulevard was transformed into a pulsating arterial road,
- The design proposed a uniform ground level. Orientation is provided by two lines of kerbstones forming a red thread through the design.
- A SPACE FOR ARTISTIC EVENTS AND OPEN EXHIBIT
- Originally built to act as a marketplace, the museum acts as an exhibition centre and a venue for cultural events.
- PLAZA / PUBPLIC SPACES
- ACTIVE FACADES
- This small square next to the
- An initiative born of the citizens
cathedral main entrance is also the
themselves to rehabilitate the
location of the Bishop's Palace.
area.
- Quite busy with tourists and locals
- Because with the passage of time
alike in the Co ee culture and
has been presenting disturbing
restaurants.
signs of urban and commercial degradation.
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PUBPLIC SPACES
C
D
-ACTIVE FACADES
- ACTIVE FACADES / HERITAGE SITE
D
D
D
C
PUBPLIC SPACES
- ACTIVE FACADES / HERITAGE SITE PUBPLIC SPACES C
A
BOULEVARD
B
SPACE OF ART / OPEN GALLERY
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SCOPE OF INTERVENTION
SOFT INTERVENTION BUILDING FACADE ENHANCEMENT RESTORATION PRINCIPLES & GUIDELINES
P CONSERVATIVE INTERVENTION HERITAGE RESTORATION RESTORATION PRINCIPLES & GUIDELINES
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INFILL DEVELOPMENT HOSPITALITY & CULTURAL FACILITIES ARCHITECTURAL RECOMMENDATIONS & RULES
SOFT INTERVENTION BUILDING FACADE ENHANCEMENT RESTORATION PRINCIPLES & GUIDELINES
HARD INTERVENTION
NEW PLAZA DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURAL RECOMMENDATIONS & RULES
P CONSERVATIVE INTERVENTION HERITAGE REBUILD RESTORATION PRINCIPLES & GUIDELINES
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URBAN DESIGN OF QABIL STREET THE LINK BETWEEN PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE ACTIVITY
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VISUAL QUALITY & RICHNESS
Pedestrian pavement design to ensure continuity of the scene. LEGIBILITY & ACCESSIBILITY
Street furnitures and landscaping elements designed to guide the visitor to the two heritage monuments, which mean two reference points (the historical gate and Souq Alawai), NEW FUNCTION & ACTIVITIES
The axis is good for leisure and passive activity because this site extension is almost shaded all daytime, creating an excellent opportunity to boost economic activity with small cultural businesses such as cafes and Saudi cuisine.
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URBAN DESIGN OF AL-NADA AXIS
55.0302
13.6540
§
6.2000
6.8000
7.0000
7.0000
8.0000
7.0000
7.0000
6.0000
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SAFE AND SECURE ACCESS
The public space not only constitutes good access to the historic zone and the nominated property but also helps to keep the connection of Al-Anada axis with the core of the historic zone and strengthens bonds between the two sides of the site.
VISUAL QUALITY & RICHNESS
Car parking is one of the signi cant challenges and most destructions scenes in the historical zone. Reducing its appearance in the public realm is essential for achieving visual richness.
LEGIBILITY & ACCESSIBILITY
In this part of the market, several historical monuments are highlighted in squares that support accessibility and exploration of these monuments, which might helps explorers (visitors) spend more time at the site.
NEW FUNCTION & ACTIVITIES
The more public spaces we have, the more activities we can do, whether it is simple casual daily activities or temporary events and festivals. Public life is an essential factor in improving the cultural identity of the site to get a unique and attractive destination.
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URBAN DESIGN OF AL-NADA AXIS
55m 40m
25m 20m
in ll development
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LEGIBILITY & ACCESSIBILITY The movement from a square or public space to another regularly makes the axis or site more legible. The squares are social spaces and gathering points, so developing a network of public spaces is vital to the success of the site development process.
NEW FUNCTION & ACTIVITIES
The large area in the center of the historical zone will be speci c to developing a new hospitality facility and cultural activities center to create another modern cultural attraction point.
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— HISTORIC
JEDDAH —
Generations ... Remember the Past, Create the Present, Inspire the Future.
A Spacial Thank You for My Academic Advisor Dr. Ibrahim Zakaria The Great Photographer Abdulaziz Alahmadi (Instagram @Az.Alahmadi) For You Dear Listener!
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References ( BOOK ) Matthew carmon, Tim heath, Taner Oc, Steve Ties dell, public places urban spaces, urban design dimensions, architectural press publication, Gillingham, Kent, UK, 2003. ( PAPER ) ShahrulYani Said, Zalina Samadi, The Evolution of Historic Street Scape in Adapting Modern Demand in Achieving The Quality of Life, Social and Behavioural Sciences, 234 (2016) 488-497. Noorfadhilah Mohd Barodin, Shamzani Affendy, Documentation and Conservation Guidelines of Maelaka Heritage Shophouses, Social and Behavioural Sciences, 50 (2012) 192 - 203. Ass. Prof. Dr. Yakup Egercioglu, Res. Asst. Tugce Ertan, Public praticpated urban conservation project in historical city centers: izmar kemeralti, Recent Advances in Environment, Ecosystems and Development. UNESCO, New Life for Historic Cities, The Historic Urban Landscape Approach Explained,Paris, France, 2013. UNESCO, Management of World Heritage Sites in Egypt, Urban Regeneration Project for Historic Cario, Frist Report of Activities july 2010- june 2012. Saudi Commission for Tourism & Antiquites, Historic Jaddah Management plan, in View of The Nomination as a World Heritage Site, October 2008. Jeddah Municipality, Historic Jaddah Building Regulations & By-Laws, saudi arabia, Jaddah, May 2014.
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