Logistics in Workforce Planning in Bhutan V. Thanikachalam, B.E., M.Tech. Ph.D., M.S., FIE., FIGS., FFIUCEE
Demography • Population of Bhutan: 774870 in 2016 • Poverty Reduction: 36.3 % to 12 % in 2012 • Overall Unemployment Rate: 2.5 % • Schools in 1961: 11 • Number of Students: 400 • Schools in 2015: 815 • Students: 192,707 • Youth (15-24 y): 20.0 % of the Population • Unemployment Rate: 10.7%
Problems • Tertiary/ higher education is very costly in Bhutan • 74 % of the Graduates prefer Government/ Private/ Corporate jobs • Expect higher salaries and job security • Self-employment is the last preference • Lack of industry relevant skills • Less proficiency in English • Miss match between available jobs and job seekers • Need to improve current education quality • 4000 jobs were planned in 2016 but only 2500 jobs had been created • 1500 have to take up self- employment
Higher Education in Bhutan • • • • • • • • •
Universities: 2 Royal University of Bhutan Government Colleges: 8 Royal Thimphu College: 1 (Private College) Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences Medical Institutions: 2 Autonomous Management Institutions: 2 Students: 11085 Unemployment grows
Entrepreneurship Development in Bhutan • Entrepreneurship Promotion Center (EPC) was established in 1990 • Offers Basic Entrepreneur skills • Helps in developing Business Plan • Provides Credit Guarantee Scheme for Nu. 500,000 • Additional loan: Nu. 2500,000 • Age of students: 18-35 y • Minimum qualification: 12 Standard • Training : 40 working days • Loden Foundation was established in 2008 • Offers interest free loan from Nu. 150,000 to 1,500,000/• Program : Loden SEED (Student Empowerment through Entrepreneurship Development Program).
Challenges to Entrepreneurship in Bhutan • Non-availability of raw materials • Personality Factors • Lack of Confidence in Business • Lack of Knowledge • Lack of Finance
Major Industries in Bhutan • MINING : Calcium Carbide Plant , Cement Manufacturing • Penden Cement Authority Ltd in collaboration with World Bank, Norway, and Kuwait • Lhaki Cement , Gomtu • Jigme Mining, Pugli • Druk Cement, Pasakha • Bhutan Ferro Alloys Ltd • Ugyen Ferro Alloys Ltd • Bhutan Carbid & Chemical Ltd • Druk Iron & Steel Company • Bhutan Rolling Mill Ltd • Bhutan Concast • Dedu Wood Manufacturing Corporation and Production • Wood Based Products: Wood Veneers, Paper, Pulp, • Resin, Turpentine • Bhutan Polymers , Gomtu • Bhutan Board Products Ltd
Bhutan Board Particle Board
Mining in Bhutan • • • • • • • •
Produce 1.5 % of GDP Lime stone (High Quality) Clay , Marble, Dolomite Graphite, Slate (Best Quality) Gypsum, Pyrites ,Talk Mica , Talk, Zinc Coal ( Poor Quality) Tungsten, Beryl , Tufa
• • • •
Mining Based Industries in Bhutan Ferro- Silicon Industry Calcium Carbide Bhutan Carbide and Chemicals Mining and Cement
Tourism based Companies in Bhutan • Bhutan Beverages, Pasakha • Drangchu Beverages, Phuensholing • Food Corporation of Bhutan, Phuensholing • Druk Hotel • Hotel Sinchula • Central Hotel
Engineering Companies in Bhutan • • • • • • • • • •
Zimdra Automobiles Rabten Engineering Workshop Tashi Engineering Workshop Bhutan Hyundai, Phuensholing Choden Engineering Workshop Tala Hydro Power Corporation, Chukha Hydro Power Corporation Singye Agencies Department of Road Army Welfare Project, Samtse Damchen Enterprise
Commerce in Bhutan • • • • • • • • •
Provided 7.4 % of GDP in 1991 Tourist oriented Hotels & Restaurants Consumer Goods: Whole Sale and Retail Soap Confectionaries Furniture Salt Iodization Plant Labor Saving Industry Employs 60 to 70 workers
Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (1980) • First meeting in 1984 • Reorganized in 1987 • Can perform better
i BEST Training Organization • -
Courses Conducted: Leadership Development Entrepreneurship Development Management Finance Pre-employment Training Technical Training Animation Research Methodology Coaching Accounting
Basic Skill Development Project (BSDP) [ADB Funded] • Strengthening the Institutional Capacity for Policy Making , Planning and Coordination within the TVET System • Delivering Basic Skills, Training Relevant to Market Demand and Commensurate with the Capacity of Beneficiaries • Increase Access to Basic Skills Training by Strengthening Links with Private Sector • Promote the Use of Basic Skills by Providing Employment Placement Services
Key Concerns • Rising Unemployment among Educated Youth • Mismatch between Labor Supply and Demand • Training of Women in Construction and Engineering • No Discrimination of Women in TVET Programs • Rural Skill Training • Gender -equitable Participation in Skill Training • Starting Training Programs in more Convenient Locations
Helvetas (Swiss based Inter Cooperation)Completed Projects • Use of Local Resources • Focus on Environmental Issues • Development of Teaching –Learning Resources • Improving Boarding Facilities • Retention of Girls at Higher Education • Increasing Community Participation • Waste Management
Governance and Peace • Strengthening Local Governments • Increasing their Roles and Responsibilities • Development of Civil Society Organizations(CSOs)
Rural Economy • Focused on improving opportunities for rural livelihood through supporting sustainable management of natural resources, facilitating access to services and markets and capacity development
Skills Development and Education • Focused on Vocational Skills Development with Specific Attention to the Youth Employment • Occupational Skill Development for Construction Sector - Contributed towards Equitable Development and Improved Livelihoods through the Promotion of Effective Governance, Active Citizens, and Sustainable Economic Opportunities.
Rural Development Training Project • Provided a decentralized and flexible training avenues for formers and youth • Offered courses in livestock, vegetables and horticulture production and small scale farm business management for self-employment and income generation • Targeted growing numbers of farmers’ groups and cooperatives in Bhutan • Introduced community leadership topics for individuals holding decision making functions in farmers’ groups, co-operatives and elected local leaders • Attracted out-of-school youth to the training programs through an apprenticeship program under the guidance and mentorship of master farmers. • Offered short awareness programs and field visits for in-school youth during school breaks
Rural Livelihood Project • Seeks to consolidate and sustain earlier areas of support • Capitalizes on experiences from engagement in rural livelihood • Consolidates rural development initiatives • Facilitates market chain through market chain platforms • Capitalizes on lessons and experiences as inputs into pro-poor
Participatory Forest Management Project (PFMP) • Community based Forest Management • Project is mandate from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and Jointly Implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests • Focused on enhancing the Roles and Governance of Community Forest Management Groups as Community based Organizations and increased the Economic Benefits that can be derived from Sustainable Role of Forest Resources, especially for Poor Households.
Occupational Skill Development for the Construction Sector in Bhutan • 56% of the population below the age of 25 years • More graduates from schools and colleges • Limited employment prospects in the civil services and a small private sector • Youth unemployment is a national concern • Construction sector is the largest generating sector in Bhutan • 50000 expatriate workers were employed • Suffers from a lack of skilled human resources • High potential for providing more employment opportunities in the construction sector • Need for developing practical and market –oriented occupational skills for youth • Should focus on skill development of School leavers, young women and men
Jigme Namgyel Engineering College • • • •
•
• • •
Established at Dewathang, Samdrup Jingkhar Affiliated to Royal University of Bhutan Website : http://www.jnec.edu.bt Vision: A premier Institute of Applied Engineering , Management and Technology towards developing highly competent and innovative technical personnel infused with the values of Gross National Happiness (GNH). Mission: To provide quality education, driven by GNH values, in the field of Applied Engineering, Management and Technology that are current and beneficial to individuals, employers and the nation; To conduct research and innovation in relevant areas; To provide resourceful services through professional development, consultancy and expert services, and To develop active linkages with organizations and academic institutions both within and outside Bhutan.
Jigme Namgyel Polytechnic • Affiliated to The Royal University of Bhutan • Located at Dewathang, Samdrup Jongkhar District • Programs of Study: - Diploma in Civil Engineering - Diploma in Electrical Engineering - Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - Diploma in Computer Hardware and Networking Research Center: Center for Appropriate Technology (CAT)
Rangjung Technical Training Institute, Bhutan • • • •
• • -
Administered by the Ministry of Labor and Human Resources Established in August, 2003 Assisted by ADB Primary objective : to provide vocational training skills to school leavers and to meet the demands of skilled workers in Bhutan Programs : Electrical Computer Hardware and Networking Furniture making Automobile Short-term Courses: House Wring Motor Wring Furniture Making Computer Repair
The Royal Institute of Tourism and Hospitality, Thimpu, Bhutan • Collaboration with the Department of Occupational Standards , Ministry of Labor and Human Resources • Baking and Confectionary • Food Production (Cooking) • Food and Beverage Service • House Keeping • Cultural Tourist Guiding
Lessons to be Learned from the ADB Validation Report • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Provide adequate staff in Project Implementation Unit Avoid fragmented management design Match the project inputs like equipment with curriculum Provide supplies in time and complete inputs Implement competency- based training Focus on infrastructure, land acquisition, construction schedules, faculty recruitment, training, curriculum development Construct hostels for women students SYNCHRONIZE the institutional development activities with the ongoing projects Train the staff of National Technical Training Authority (NTTA) Ensure private industry linkages and activate Industry Liaison and Publicity Unit Ensure private sector cost- sharing policy Conduct training needs analyses based on the needs of the employers Ensure curriculum to incorporate technical skills, abilities and competencies to meet the needs of the industry Expand vocational training institutes
Efficiency of Resource Use in Achieving Outcomes • Use the project funds as per the project appraisal • Select the stable sites which can not be affected by floods • Implement fellowship programs as per the needs of the TVET goals • Ensure the use of project funds as per the ethics • Ensure effectiveness and efficiency in achieving the outcomes • Ensure the sustainability of the project outputs
Desired Outcomes • Strengthen institutional capacity to ensure the delivery of basic skills training relevant to market needs and commensurate with the capacity of beneficiaries • Increase access to basic skills training by expanding TVET and rehabilitating with private sector • Improve the quality of basic skills training by strengthening links with private sector • Promote the use of basic skills by developing employment guidance and job placement services
Energy Based Industry in Bhutan • Chhukha Hydro Electric Project (1986) • Cost Nu. 2.44 billion • Cost sharing between India and Bhutan: 60% and 40% • Capacity: 336 megawatt • Income: Nu. 380 million in 1989 • Micro hydro electric plants: 12 each produces 340 kilowatts • Gyetsha Mini Hydel Plant: 1.5 megawatts • Diesel power plants: 8 each generates 6k kilowatts • Eastern Bhutan: 60 megawatts plant
Goals of the Future Programs • Plan institutional capacity to ensure the delivery of industry relevant skills to the employees • Plan in-house training programs as follow up • Strengthen the linkage with the industry • Create avenues for industry participation • Plan internship and apprenticeship training programs in the industry • Plan new projects to meet the Occupational skills standards prescribed in the Bhutan Vocational Qualification Frameworks (BVQF) • Establish Quality Assurance System in TVET based on the international standards
Evaluate the unmet needs of the Bhutanese Industry • Conduct needs assessment of the existing companies in various fields • Review the performance assessments of various executives • Get the training needs of the employees from the line managers and employees • Plan in-house training centers in the industry • Develop in-service training programs in the Technical Institutes like Polytechnic, Engineering College and Management Institute in Bhutan • Plan management development training programs for the executives and civil service personnel • Plan HRD network of professionals in private, corporate, government, & NGOs
Identify the training needs of executives and middle level managers • Promising industries -
Automobile Manufacturing Mining Handicrafts Furniture making Costume design and manufacturing Tourism , trekking, forest and wild life, water sports and hotel Plantation Agriculture, Food Processing, Farm Animals Farm machinery maintenance Wood Technology, Paper and Pulp, Particle Board
New Diploma Programs needed in Bhutan • • • • • • • • • • • •
Automobile Engineering Beautician Costume Design and Dress Making Farm Machinery Food Technology Furniture Making Handicrafts Making Medical Lab Technician Mining Engineering Paper, Pulp, Board Plantation Technology Wood Technology
Sample Programs and Polytechnics in India • • • • • • • • • •
Government Polytechnic, Cannanur, Kerala, India – Wood Technology, Paper, Pulp, and Board Government Polytechnic For Women, Agartala, Tripura, India – Medical Technician Course Government Polytechnic, Telangana , India – Mining Engineering Government Polytechnic, Agartala, Tripura, India- Handicrafts Making and Furniture Design Government Polytechnic, Tura, Meghalaya, India- Food Technology Government Polytechnic, Tura, Meghalaya, India- Medical Lab Technician Government Polytechnic, Agartala, Tripura, India- Plantation Technology, Government Polytechnic for Women, Aizwal, India- Beautician Government Polytechnic, Jowai, Meghalaya, India- Automobile Engineering Rajiv Gandhi Government Polytechnic, Itanagar, Arunachala Pradesh, India- Herbal Plantation
Logistics in Workforce Planning Step- 1. Needs Assessment • -
Identification of needs of the organizations/ institutions/ companies Review of the performance appraisals Identification of gaps in performance Safety measures Planning new products Energy saving methods Introduction of advanced technology based planning, designing, production, testing, quality, manufacturing, marketing and maintenance methods Starting a new unit/ production center/ maintenance unit Meeting the new Rules/ Acts in environmental protection Cost reduction Meeting the client needs Meeting the market competitions Improving the market share
Step-2. Getting the Acceptance of the International Donor/ International Development Agency •
• • • • •
Send your requirements in developing the workforce to an International Development Agency like Asian Development Bank (ADB), UNDP, UNESCO, SIDA, USAID, World Bank (WB), Indian consulate office in Thimpu, Japanese Consulate Office etc. through your government . Many donor countries are willing to provide technical assistance based on the promising projects ADB and WB would provide soft loans Donor countries would provide technical support. Based on their acceptance , follow their methodology in preparing the letters of invitations If there is a need, appoint a consultant firm/ reputed specialist to assist your government.
Step-3. Logistics –Identification of Consultants • • • • • • • • •
Advertisement in the news papers for selection of the consultants Posting in the website Sending letters of invitation (LOI) to the leading professional institutes/ universities/ educational institutes/ training organizations Checking the websites of the consultants Searching through webs and social media Visiting the selected professional institutions Getting the information through Consulates of foreign governments Getting the information through International Development Agencies like ADB, UNESCO, UNDP, USAID, & World Bank Consulting professional associations
Step- 4. Appointment of a Consultant • •
• • • • •
Select a professional consultant based the successful projects completed Prepare a contract for planning, developing, advertising, reviewing the technical and financial proposals, selecting a client, awarding the contract, monitoring the progress , making the payment and getting the completion certificate Discuss with the consultant about your development needs Prepare a detailed description of the project Prepare the Terms of References (TOR) Circulate the LOI to the well established training providers/ universities/ professional training institutes Post on the newspapers and websites
Workforce Planning
Step-5. Identification of Workforce Issues • -
Select the needs of the workforce at various levels of an industry Skilled worker, technician, engineer/ professional officer at planning, and manager What are the gaps in the present workforce? What is the basic educational need? List the jobs to be performed by the workforce Identify the tasks Identify the knowledge needs, skills, professional abilities and higher order competencies and attitudes Identify the numbers required over a period of five years For each cadre, write the performance abilities, minimum educational and professional qualifications Identify the training institutes like polytechnics, engineering colleges, universities, and professional training organizations
Step-5. Preparation of TOR and Layout of Bid Documents • -
Prepare the terms and conditions for bidding Report on the Past performance in similar projects Letters of appreciation Copies of the Project completion report Details of competencies, skills, accomplishments of the team members, their roles with respect to the project Key Resource Person’s accomplishment Technical Proposal Tax compliance Financial Proposal Bank guarantee
Step-6. Evaluation of the Bids received • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Analysis of Technical Proposal: Evaluation of the resumes and desired competencies Quality of the proposal Rank order the proposals Request for correction in the arithmetical errors, if any Final list based on the best bids Quality standards: Is the proposal meeting the project objectives? Does it meet the aspiration of the trainees? Is the training meeting the competencies prescribed? Are the resources meet the project needs? Are there qualified trainers as claimed by the client? Are there sufficient infrastructures as claimed by the client? Is the project administration friendly with the trainees? Does the duration of the training meet the growth needs of the trainees? Does the certificate meet the further education needs of the trainees?
Step. 6- Negotiation with the Clients and Contract Signing • • • • • •
Communicate the date, place for negotiation Request for desired materials, copies of the reports etc. Get the explanations for the questions raised Get the finer details on the implementation plan Award the project Get the bank guarantee if needed for the first installment
• Get the tax exemption certificate, if needed. • Release the first installment • Get the monthly/ quarterly reports
Step- 7. Project Implementation • • • •
Select your trainees based on the project needs Arrange to get visas, air tickets Prepare travel plan Brief them about the training, payment, boarding facilities, project based activities, commitments, safety, medical insurance, local travel plan, local tours, industrial visits, tests, assignments, reporting standards • Provide contact numbers, email IDs, addresses of the institute, coordinator and hostel/dormitory
Step-8. Monitoring the implementation • • • • • • • • • •
Receiving the trainees Boarding and lodging facilities Medical insurance Meeting the emergencies Watching the progress Periodical reports Feedback on the quality of training Assistance in the case of emergencies Project completion reports Release of the Bank Guarantee
Step-9.Follow up activities, if any • Check the documents, certificates, account statements, reports, project completion reports • If there is a need for the impact study, try to get it done. • Get the feedback on the performance of the trainees • Send an appreciation letter for the best performance.
Thank you, your questions please.