2015 03 01 review by Gloria Loughry

MARCH 2015 • VOL 13, ISSUE 3 THANKS TO OUR ADVERTISERS, IT’S STILL…

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e’re all familiar with Rosie the Riveter—a nickname for the many women who entered the work force during World War II, donning overalls and heavy gloves in formerly male-dominated industrial and construction jobs. But the Rosies of yesteryear were not the only women who contributed to the war effort. Rosies just got better press. During WWII, the U.S. government well knew that foreign bombers could reach our soil without detection. Radar technology had not yet advanced to the point where all areas of North America were covered. So the military asked the public for help in covering any blind spots caused by mountainous terrainand in spotting planes flying under the radar. Under the auspices of the U.S. Air Force, a Ground Observer Corps was created to augment the radar stations and warn of any unidentified aircraft. The GOC was supervised by military personnel, but the bulk of its work was MAIN PHOTO:

performed by volunteers—mostly women volunteers—who kept their eyes on the skies. As a government manual put it, “There are bound to be many gaps in our radar networks through which whole flights of enemy aircraft could enter undetected and strike unexpectedly. To stand constant guard at these cracks in our armor, we must have alert, conscientious, and capable lookouts. This is where you come in.” And come in they did. The GOC set up a series of observation posts around the country, mostly in coastal areas which would be first in line to spot any incoming foreign aircraft. Crews of volunteers staffed the posts around the clock. Observers were trained to identify aircraft by sight, using finding aids showing specific features of aircraft types, silhouettes of same, WATCH—cont’d on page 2

This aircraft identification manual and colorful arm band were issued to volunteers who served with the Aircraft Warning Service in the 1950s. Courtesy of the Veterans Memorial Museum, Chehalis. MERIT BADGE: GOC and Skywatch observers who served for the long haul were awarded merit badges. Extra bars signifying hours of service (100 hours, 200, etc.) were added to the badge as they were earned.

WATCH—cont’d from page 1

light configurations and so on. Some avid observers even learned to identify planes by the sounds of their engines. Observation post locales varied. In cities and towns, posts were established on the rooftops of tall buildings—in Castle Rock, for example, the GOC post was on the roof of City Hall. In the country, posts were located on high barren hillsides, or even in forest lookout towers. In short, anywhere that offered an unobstructed view of the sky was a good spot for a GOC post. When volunteers spotted an airplane, they determined the type of craft (single-engine, multi-engine, etc.), its function (fighter, bomber, cargo, and so forth), and its altitude, distance, and heading. Identifications were entered in a post log and called in to a regional filter center which screened the ID’s and followed specific aircraft’s movementsthrough the

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region as different posts reported in. When in any doubt as to an airplane’s type, the observers reported it as an “unknown.” The filter centers then determined if the aircraft was a known domestic flight (civilian or military), or a truly unknown enemy aircraft. Volunteers could be any age, but had to meet certain requirements: normal hearing (hearing aids were acceptable); normal eyesight (glasses were acceptable); ability to speak clearly and distinctly when relaying messages; ability to exercise good judgment and make proper decisions; and loyalty to the U.S. In 1942, Olive Scott and her new husband Robert hiked twelve miles to a forest lookout tower, where they spent the summer, and their honeymoon, watching simultaneously for forest fires and aircraft. Agnes Ewan worked in the Aircraft Warning Service in Portland, logging almost 1,400 hours before the service was discontinued. Other women like Effie Baker, Mildred Davenport and Nadine Killits WATCH—cont’d on page 8 TOP CENTER:

These nifty pins were given by the Air Force to GOC observers. TOP RIGHT: This 1953 poster appealed to all those who loved children, urging parents and grandparents to join the civilian forces watching the skies. LEFT: Bright stamps helped popularize the GOC, and were distributed and used much like Easter Seals.

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Occasionally, I have to travel to other countries for work. Before I go, I make sure that I email a scan of my passport to myself. I also take a picture with my phone. That way, if I lose it (or it’s stolen), I have all the information needed for a replacement. It’s also handy if I’ve put the passport in the hotel safe but need some of the details while out and about. All I need to do is look at the picture in my phone. —Robert

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IN THIS ISSUE

WHAT’S HAPPENING

The Review — March 2015, Vol. 13, Issue 3

Old-Fashioned Hymn Sing! Sunday, March 22, 2015— 4:00 p.m., Woodland Presbyterian Church, 756 Park Street, Woodland. All are welcome to come enjoy an afternoon of good, old-fashioned hymn singing—the oldies but goodies! Refreshments will be served.

Cover: SW Washington 6 The Birds of New History: Watching the Skies By Karen Johnson

3 What’s Happening

Around Town Over the Garden Gate By Cheryl Spaulding

4 Stepping Stones By Pat Stepp

Zealand, Part II

By Norma Brunson & Doug Schurman

10 Religion: Puttin’ on My Big Girl Boots By Lori Anderson

12 Restaurant Review:

Chuck’s Produce— Delicatessen

By Diva Gastronomique

5 Insects: Support Your Local Pollinators! By Nora Garofoli

WHAT’S HAPPENING GOLD FEVER! Largest NW Gathering of Gold Bugs! The GPAA (Gold Prospector’s Association of America) “Gold & Treasure” Show takes place March 28th and 29th, 2015 at the Portland Expo Center! This is the largest gathering of gold prospectors and gold lovers in the Pacific Northwest. Not only can you learn everything you want to know about gold, but special guest stars, prospectors and TV stars Melody Tallis & Jerry Rhodes of the Beets Dredge Crew, Shawn & Steve Pomrenke of The Christine Rose, “Bering Sea” Joe Dehring and Hank Schimschat of The AU Grabber, and Tori Lynn Bartholomae Hartling of The Gold Digger Girls will all be at the event to answer your questions, meet up, and just generally add to the fun! Pre-purchase your tickets for $5 or pay $10 at the door. Bring a food bank donation (non-perishable foods or pet food items) or two or more items and get a free entry into a raffle drawing (might be some actual gold!). Learn to pan for gold! Enter a daily drawing for a free trip to Alaska! • Portland Expo Center • March 28th & 29th, 2015 • Tickets $5 (pre-pay) or $10 at the door • Bring two non-perishable food and/or pet food items and get a ticket for a FREE raffle. • Find more information at www.swwgoldprospectors. org or at their Facebook page under “SouthWest Washington Gold Prospectors”. Library Book Sale Coming Up! Friends of the Library Kalama are having their monthly book sale on March 20th from 9-4:30 at the city hall council chambers at 320 N 1st street in Kalama. Paperbacks for 50 cents, hardbacks $1 plus children books and other special items. Story time at the Kalama library every Wednesday at 11 am. Come and enjoy reading, crafts, friends and fun!

Library District Launches 2015 Summer Reading Bookmark Contest Fort Vancouver Regional Library District will launch its 2015 Summer Reading Bookmark Contest Tuesday, Feb. 17. The popular annual contest is open to children and teens in kindergarten through twelfth grade. Entry forms for the contest are available in English, Spanish and Russian at any FVRL library or bookmobile, or in the Kids or Teens sections of the district’s website, www. fvrl.org. Printed forms also are being distributed to school districts. The deadline to turn in completed entries to any FVRL library or bookmobile is Tuesday, March 31. Entrants will each receive a free Spaghetti Factory coupon good for either a kid’s meal (up to 12 years) or a milk shake. Contest categories are: 1) kindergarten and first grade; 2) second and third grades; 3) fourth and fifth grades; 4) sixth, seventh and eighth grades; and 5) ninth through twelfth grades. Finalists for each grade grouping will be chosen at individual libraries. One district-wide, grand-prize winner will be selected from among local finalists for each grade grouping. Grand-prize winning bookmark designs will be printed and distributed in conjunction with the district’s Summer Reading program, which runs June 1 through Aug. 31. Grand-prize winners also will receive gift certificates from Medallion Art and framed copies of their bookmarks, and will be honored at local celebration events. Themes for the 2015 Summer Reading program are “Every Hero Has a Story” for children in kindergarten through fifth grade; and “Unmask!” for teens in grades six through 12. Questions about the contest may be directed to your local library, to (360) 906-5000 or toll-free 888-546-2707 from area code 509, or via the email form at contact.fvrl.org. Sponsors for the contest are iQ Credit Union, Kumon, Medallion Art School, Pacific Office Automation, RE/MAX Teresa Everist, The Old Spaghetti Factory, Wendel Family Dental Center, and Fort Vancouver Regional Library Foundation. Ceremonial Groundbreaking For Battle Ground Veterans Memorial March 11th A ceremonial groundbreaking for the Battle Ground Veterans Memorial will be held on Wednesday, March 11th at 11:00 am. The memorial will be located on the grounds of Kiwanis Park near the intersection of SW 3rd Ave. and SW 4th St. The public is invited to attend this historic event. The groundbreaking comes six years after the Battle Ground City Council directed staff to work with the city’s Park Advisory Board and community stakeholders in the

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Please call if you have questions: Phone: (360) 225-1273; web: www.reviewmediagroup.com; e-mail: info@ reviewmediagroup.com Physical address: 131 Davidson Ave., Suite AA; Mailing address: PO Box 244, Woodland, WA 98674 Deadlines: Please see our deadlines on our website at www.reviewmediagroup.com. Circulation approx. 15,000 throughout Woodland, Kalama, Ridgefield, La Center, Cougar, Amboy, Yale, Fargher Lake, Battle Ground, Vancouver, and Kelso/Longview). Published monthly on the first of the month with Special Editions each year. Owner, Publisher, Editor: Gloria Loughry; Advertising Sales: Gloria Loughry, Cheryl Spaulding; Columnists/Guest Writers/Invaluable Helpers: Lori Anderson, Norma Brunson, Nora Garofoli, Tony & Cheryl Spaulding, Pat Stepp, Matt Coffey, Karen Johnson, and Guest Contributors; Printed by: The Gresham Outlook

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design, development and construction of a memorial to honor local veterans who died in service to their country. To date, thirty local veterans from World War II, the Korean Conflict, the Vietnam Conflict, the Persian Gulf Conflict, and Terrorism Threat (Operation Enduring Freedom) have been identified through military records as having lost their lives in service. The memorial was conceived to honor those local men and women who made the ultimate sacrifice in service to their country. The memorial will also have a place to recognize any veteran, living or deceased, who served their country in protecting our freedom. Families and loved ones may purchase a brick to be placed at the memorial, engraved with the veteran’s name, branch of service and dates served. Funding for the Veterans Memorial project is solely dependent on public donations and contributions. Monetary donations from individuals, businesses and organizations have exceeded $26,000. In-kind donations have supported fundraising events and local contractors have stepped up to provide many of the services and materials to construct the memorial. Fundraising efforts continue in order to complete all phases of the memorial. You are invited to visit www.cityofbg.org/veteransmemorial to view a list of the thirty honored veterans; to nominate a veteran for the memorial; to purchase a brick in honor of a veteran, to view the memorial concept plan; and for fundraising event and donation information. You may also contact Battle Ground Parks & Recreation Director Debbi Hanson at 360-342-5385 for more information. Vancouver Launches New Cemetery Search Technology For Discovering The Past Much of Vancouver’s history rests within its cemeteries. In a project that sheds light on that history, the City of Vancouver is launching a new online searchable database that will make it easier for genealogists, history buffs, family members and others to access burial records and locations of those interred at City cemeteries. The new search tool is available through the City’s webpage at www.cityofvancouver.us/cemeteries. The City of Vancouver owns and manages three cemeteries: Park Hill Cemetery, Old City Cemetery and Fisher Cemetery. • Park Hill Cemetery, at 5915 E. Mill Plain Blvd., covers 54 acres and is the final resting place of more than 25,000 people. Park Hill, which is open to new interments, also includes some early 1800s graves moved to this cemetery years ago. • Old City Cemetery, at East Mill Plain and Grand boulevards, is one of Vancouver’s oldest established cemeteries. Surrounded by a tall iron and concrete fence, it is the final resting place of Esther Short, Charles Wilbur Slocum, Sarah Jane Anderson and many other well-known figures of our local history. • Fisher Cemetery, at 16509 Evergreen Highway, dates back to 1852 and is thought to be the oldest pioneer cemetery in Clark County. Information in the City’s database for cemeteries comes from original plot records, as well as information WHAT’S HAPPENING—cont’d on page 8

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oses have long been considered a very special plant in the garden. They have been cultivated for centuries, possibly as early as 500 BC in some Mediterranean countries as well as Persia and China. Roses have been symbols of love, beauty, war and politics. The rose is, according to fossil evidence, 35 million years old. During the Roman period roses were grown extensively in the Middle East and By Cheryl Spaulding in the 19th century Empress Josephine of France patronized the development of rose breeding in her gardens at Malmaison. The rose is by far one of the most popular flowers in the world today and they come in a vast array of sizes, shapes and colors. There is a rose for every circumstance, from climbers to adorn a trellis or wall, miniatures for borders and containers, and long-stemmed tea roses for bouquets. Today these ancient flowers can be found private rural gardens, growing in containers on city patios and balconies and for industrial landscaping. If you are looking for a familiar rose bush like the ones your grandmother grew consider hybrid teas, floribundas, climbers or shrub roses. Hybrid teas are tall, long-stemmed roses ideal for cutting, floribundas are shorter and have a freer form, setting clusters of flowers rather than a single rose on each stem. Both of these kinds require regular maintenance. Shrub roses (sometimes called landscape roses), on the other hand, require somewhat less attention, adapt more easily to a wider range of conditions, and offer more disease resistance. Bare root roses are usually the least expensive means of purchasing roses. On planting day, refresh your bare root rose in a bucket of water while you prepare the hole for planting. An hour-long soak plumps up the shriveled roots. I know it’s hard to believe one of the world’s most beautiful flowers will sprout from those ugly shriveled roots. But trust me (and the plant company), it will happen with just a little effort and planning from you. For bare root roses dig a hole 12 to 18 inches deep and wide. The hole should be large enough so that all the roots can be spread out without touching the sides of the hole. (Take the time to lightly trim the roots, if needed). Mound a cone of soil in the center of the hole. Spread the roots and place over the mound of soil neatly. Fill the hole half full with soil and water well to settle the soil and to remove any air pockets. (It’s important to leave the bud union above the soil level.) Let the water drain and fill the hole with the remaining soil and water again thoroughly. Timing is crucial for bare-root planting. Bare root roses should be planted in early spring before the leaves begin to unfurl. If you can’t plant your bare root rose right away, at least keep the roost moist and cool. The alternative to a bare root rose is a containergrown or a ‘potted rose’ which can be planted when available or needed. Roses should be planted in either fall or early spring. Space plants 2 to 3 feet apart, depending on the variety and size at maturity. Prepare your rose bed by using a garden fork or tiller to loosen the soil to a depth of 12 to 15 inches, then mix in a 2- to 4-inch layer of compost or manure. For container grown plants, dig the hole twice the size of the diameter of the pot. Carefully remove the plant from its container and place the plant in the hole. Fill soil in around the root ball and firm the soil gently, water deeply and do not let the soil dry out until the plant becomes completely established (which means fall, if you planted in spring). Finally spread 2 inches of compost around the base of your new rose. Again, don’t cover the bud union. For existing roses, after your annual pruning is finished, add and 1 to 2 inches of compost around the base to control weeds and retain moisture. Water established roses deeply at least once a week. Speaking of pruning, in the

I am still lost in the early ’40s of World War II after a visit to that past time in my ‘adult’ body, since I was about three at the time. As I left the Friends of Fort BY PAT STEPP © Copyright 2015 Vancouver National Historic Site after attending the ‘Sweetheart Hanger Dance’, a man with his sweetheart spoke to me. “I love to see ‘adults’ having fun,” said he, grinning. “I do admit to being an ‘adult’,” said I. “Not me, not yet,” said he, laughing. And so I walked out into the night, walking around the same route I had earlier. I felt like time had been suspended somehow when I had walked in, that evening, into the hangar. Was it an experience similar to an old Twilight Zone episode on television? They often took the people depicted either forward or backward in time. I had arrived a few hours earlier dressed in my 1940s costume that had been carefully chosen and altered to fit me by the ladies in the costume department. My navy and white polka-dot dress with stripes at the collar and sleeves had a white ribbon belt. A period purse, red jewelry, and a navy wool hat completed my ensemble. The hat reminded me of one Lauren Bacall had made for a movie she made with Bogey. I was trying to remember what I could of that war as I walked thorugh the cold and dark along the street. I thought about my Aunt Gayle taking my little brother and I to the movies where we watched the Pathe News showing footage of the war effort. We were told to look for Uncle Clyde in the one from Italy. My Uncle Willy was also at war in the Merchant Marines. Our family had just moved to Lind, Washington, after our return from Arizona where my father had taught pilot training classes to the Army Air Corps. The lights of Pearson Air Museum welcomed me as I heard the music of the Beacock Swing Band. Everyone I saw was dressed in a period costume. The music was familiar. I remembered hearing it on a jukebox at the soda fountain where my Aunt took me in my WAC outfit. Later in the evening, Superintendent Tracy Fortmann of the National Park Service honored Fred Bridges for his service. Fred is a 90-year-old veteran of two theaters of World War II, serving in both the Army and the Navy. His latest service has been as a volunteer at Fort Vancouver for 20 years. I was asked to dance to the swing beat by a friend. I got lost in the music and was twirled until I felt dizzy. (I believe that dance was witnessed by the young man who liked to see ‘adults’ having fun.) Living through World War II was easier for children, but I knew it was serious stuff. I remember my mother asking me to tell a neighbor that the war was over. My mother was smiling through her tears. I had never seen her smile like that. Twirling back to an earlier time was a blessing. Back home I reluctantly changed clothes and looked at the 2015 me in the mirror. “I have lived through history,” I told the ‘adult’ me looking back at me.

Roses: Not Garden Gate Just Another Pretty Face

Pacific Northwest, established roses are usually pruned in March, depending on the weather, of course. This year the winter has been so warm roses are already beginning to break dormancy. Using sharp, disinfected pruning shears, remove all dead, diseased and weak wood. On the remaining canes, select an outward-facing bud and make your cuts (at a 45 degree angle, please) continuing around the plant, lowering the height to about 18 inches. I usually keep 5 or 7 strong healthy canes (depending on the size of the plant). Roses used as hedges or screens can be lightly pruned in a tall, upright form and ground cover roses are pruned over all to control size and height. Garden Hint: Anytime you find Black Spot on your rose foliage pick the infected leaves and stems off and place in a separate bag for disposal. Be sure to pick up any infected leaves from the ground and place them in the bag as well. Burn these leaves or place them in the garbage. NEVER add these to your Your ONLY Woodland-Area Feed Store! compost or use them as mulch. That will perpetuate the disease. Why drive 1/2 hour or more? Shop local and save!

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know I have said it is good get out and die there instead. If chemicals or pesticides to leave some areas messy in are the route decided upon be sure to read all the safety the garden as havens for precautions and really consider other options so that the insect helpers, but I draw the other helpful insects won’t be harmed. The local Extension line at leaving unprotected office will have more information to consider as well. standing water around too Another thing to remember is how much of a role spilong. Quiet, standing water ders and other animals, like our birdbath users, help with is just what pesky, well-fed control of these pesky biting insects. Bats are important o vLI female mosquitoes are looking along with dragon and damselflies and many types of birds. ST K o OR n FO ow andGL YA for. That kind of water almost has a By encouraging these fellows in your yard they can help RO ND A PHOTO S BY NORA sign above it saying, “Here’s your nurscontrol these pests along with your program. I hope you plan ery girls.”. The little bunches of eggs are laid on the water to have them as a part of your program. and soon hatch out into little wriggling larva. A short time Water likes to hang out in unsuspecting places, such as later a new bunch of biters are flying around looking for a partially blocked gutters, ruffled tarps, forgotten buckets or meal. As these creatures are affected by temperature their watering cans, upside hatching time can be quite quick or maybe a few days longer down garbage can lids, old so that is why water catch-alls spots need frequent checking. tires and so on. That’s The newly hatched where a stroll around the females are the ones who yard is good to do once in will be hunting down a awhile just to check for likely meal candidate as these inappropriate water soon as their tiny wings hideouts. It doesn’t take have filled and set. The much water for these little many varieties of mosquimosquitoes to hatch out in, toes we have here hunt a it just has to be there long wide variety of animals enough. They don’t even besides us. Many of these mind if it is a little dirty insects also carry diseases just as long as it is still. that affect us or other aniI hope this a helpful mals, but not them. The reminder and provides mosquitoes just happen to some information as to be carriers of some nasty why protecting and or diseases. The females need INSECTS—cont’d on page 9 their blood meal for the protein it provides for egg ABOVE: This orb weaver spider in a prime example of one of the many helpers in the fight against mosquitoes. She is almost ready to lay an egg sac of next year’s helpers. Like many female production. insects she also needs the proteins from her many bug meals for her egg production. Once these female mosLEFT: Here is one of my water barrels. I cover it with window screening tied down with heavy twine, quitoes are ready to lay then I put an old refrigerator shelf of top of that to prevent various animals from falling in and their eggs even the bird drowning. When it is full, I still keep the screening on and cover it with its lid until I need the water. bath isn’t safe from use by these pests. The best way to help prevent the bird bath take over by baby mosquito larva is to put the bird bath on a regular schedule of dumping, cleaning and refilling. That way we also help out our bug eating bird friends and eliminate a possible mosquito nursery. Using a three day schedule especially in summer ought to take care of any chances of the bird bath being used by mosquitoes. If rain barrels are used in the watering program of the yard and garden just be sure they are covered with screening and check them frequently for holes in the screens or other signs of invasion by the tricky and somewhat desperate female mosquitoes. If the barrel does get little larva • Cage-free Kennels in it the easiest and probably best thing to do is to • Dog-Park atmosphere • A/C in Summer empty it either by using it • Heated in Winter • Most breeds accepted all up or just dumping it • Licensed and very affordable! out. The little larva will • Pick up and drop off service available then dry out and die. Barring that I suppose one Come let your dog run with the pack! could trap them in the bar4821 Green Mtn. Rd. • Kalama rel by covering it with a tight fitting lid and some 360 www.paradisedogranch.com plastic sheeting or screenfacebook.com/theparadisedogranch ing so the little biters can’t

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MARCH 2015 • THE REVIEW • 5

The

Bir

N Zeal PART

ast month I highlighted Albatrosses and the Yellow-eyed Penguins that we saw on our trip to New Zealand. This month I have a few more to share. While in New Zealand we saw a second species of penguin, the Little Blue Penguin. They are the smallest of the 17 Penguin species in the world standing about 12 to 13 inches tall. They nest on New Zealand and some parts of Australia in little burrows. Because they are so small they have developed a safety strategy of coming back to land only well after dark. This makes them hard to see during the day. We were lucky enough to see one in the waters next to the Wellington Ferry while waiting for the boat. There are a few places in New Zealand that have created viewing areas where the Little Blue Penguins come ashore at night. We visited a viewing area at the Royal Albatross Center in Dunedin. They have elevated platforms for people to stand on that have low powered LED lights pointing down to the beach. The lights don’t seem to bother the penguins and it also helps keep them from seeing the people behind them. Each night at the Royal Albatross Center 200 to 300 return to shore. Typically this is about 60 to 90 minutes after sunset. They return from a day of fishing in good sized groups called rafts. We saw two rafts of about 40-50 return during the time we watched. We could actually see the disturbance they create on the surface. It looks like a huge school of fish jumping at times. As they reach shore they waddle out of the water on the sand and up the grass covered hillside. Because their legs are so short they need to hop a fair bit to go up certain areas that are steeper. Because it was dark and the LED light did not provide much illumination it was tricky to get photos but I did manage a few that came out.

ABOVE, RIGHT, BELOW:

The rare Little Blue Penguin is the smallest of the seventeen Penguin species in the world, standing 12 to 13 inches tall.

Welcome Spring!

6 • THE REVIEW • MARCH 2015

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rds of

The most famous bird from New Zealand is the Kiwi. There are five separate species of Kiwi birds. These birds are flightless and mainly nocturnal. Before the first human came to New Zealand in about the 13th century there were no land mammals with the exception of bats. Since the introduction of rodents and other mammals Kiwis have been decimated. There are very few left and intense conservation programs are in place. Most of the birds are located on islands around New Zealand where there are no mammals or they are in reserves that have strict control over predators. We did get to see a couple in captivity but not any wild ones. You may be familiar with other uses of the word Kiwi. New Zealand and other countries grow a fruit called kiwifruit. Did you know it’s not originally from New Zealand? It’s from China. However, New Zealand now grows a lot of kiwifruit for export. New Zealand changed the name to kiwi so it would be more desirable as a product name to the United States. Another unique bird in New Zealand is the Kea. It is an olive-green colored parrot. The unique thing about this bird is that it is the only parrot species in the world that

New land TWO

lives in the alpine zone. It is a fairly large bird about 19 inches long. They get their name from their call. Their call can sound like “kee-ee-aa-aa”. Kea are omnivores that eat a wide variety of plant and animal matter. The will forage in trees and shrubs for shoots, fruits, leaves, nectar and seeds, using their large bill to dig in soil for insects and to excavate rotten logs for grubs. Occasionally they will prey on high elevation nesting birds or scavenge carrion. They are also very intelligent and curious. They will investigate many things and because of that can be seen as pests to some people. We did observe a pair of Kea on the deck of a restaurant where people were eating outside. They were brave enough to perch within a couple feet of people having lunch. They also seem to be attracted to rubber. It is not uncommon for them to rip the rubber off car windshield wipers. We had one Kea land on our car when we were away but luckily our windshield wipers were left intact. LEFT:

This study in greens is a bird called a Kea, the name coming from the cry it gives: “kee-ee-aa-aa”. A very intelligent and curious bird, they’re known for their love of rubber! Check your windshield wipers if these fellows are around!

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MARCH 2015 • THE REVIEW • 7

WATCH—cont’d from page 2

WHAT’S HAPPENING—cont’d from page 3

also put in their observation duties in the southwest Washington and Portland areas. After the war was over, the GOC was disbanded, but soon sprang back to life under its old name plus a new one, Operation Skywatch. Those two monikers, plus the Aircraft Warning Service, became almost interchangeable, as many of the same volunteers worked under two or all three variations. Some historians say that the post-WWII GOC/Skywatch programs were never as successful or far-reaching as the Air Force had hoped. After the patriotic fervor of WWII had waned, most citizens were uninterested in yet more volunteerism and hardships. Improvements in radar technology and U.S. fighter planes, and the Air Force’s own hyping of those improvements, “led many to conclude that ground observers were unnecessary,” according to one analysis. So the hoped-for numbers of civilian volunteers were never fully realized. The skywatchers were finally allowed to stand down in 1958 and 1959. Jane Machin, GOC post supervisor in Castle Rock, “locked up the observation tower … after the air force transferred the GOC to ready reserve status.” Machin had started her volunteer service in 1942, and acted as post supervisor from 1955 to the program’s end, accumulating over 3,000 hours of service. Regardless of the programs’ performance, the women and men who staffed the observer posts did so with enthusiasm, loyalty and integrity. As the Cowlitz County Advocate summed up, “These GOC members have received little reward for their service over the years except the knowledge that they were providing a vital function in protecting the nation from a surprise attack.”

TOP:

This undated GOC poster shows a volunteer gazing upward at a squadron of planes. LEFT: A sample page from a GOC handbook helped volunteers distinguish different types of aircraft, based on plane features and silhouettes. Experienced skywatchers often learned to identify planes by engine sounds and running lights.

gleaned from cemetery markers and monuments. In addition, a key part of this project was mapping the City’s three cemeteries on satellite maps using GPS coordinates. Using the City’s web-based search tool to access key data and a map of the interment location requires entering at least the surname, or last name, of the deceased. Users are reminded that old records, in particular, may be incomplete or contain spelling inaccuracies. In addition to linking family members to past generations, the project will also help the City streamline operations. Cemetery staff will use the system to search for burial records and access records from the field. And for the first time, after decades of working with files and files of paper records, City staff will have the ability to digitally generate Rights of Burial at customers’ requests, run electronic reports and view digital maps. “There are two major benefits of initiating this project,” Brian Potter, Operations Superintendent, said. “First, it allows cemetery staff to more efficiently enter data, check records and manage deeds. Second, it provides the public with an interesting and effective experience of searching for deceased loved ones, as well as historically significant individuals, through the ease of their home computers. It truly modernizes the City’s cemetery operations.” The City of Vancouver’s project to computerize cemetery records and provide a search tool for the public is powered by webCemeteries.com, a technology company in Pennsylvania working with hundreds of cemeteries across the United States. This project was further aided by Vancouver’s Cemetery Manager Bob McKechnie, who has documented the history of the cemeteries through years of research. Data and assistance was also provided by the Clark County Genealogical Society, including member Richard Engstrom, an active volunteer instrumental in the mapping of Vancouver’s Old City Cemetery. “We’re excited that the City has developed this resource,” Engstrom said. “We see this as a positive step for people searching genealogy and interested in the history of our area.” Cowlitz County Reserve Deputy Applications Being Accepted The Cowlitz County Sheriff’s Office is currently accepting applications to join the Cowlitz County Sheriff’s Reserve Unit. In order to apply to become a Reserve Deputy Sheriff, you must be at least 21 years old, have a valid driver’s license, high school diploma or G.E.D., and pass a basic physical and written test as well as an in-depth background investigation and oral interview process. Applications must be completed and submitted by Oct 1, 2015. Before an application will be provided an automatic disqualifier questionnaire is required to be completed which asks questions about the applicants driving record, drug use, criminal activity, employment and certain financial obligations. Applications can be picked up in person at the Cowlitz County Sheriff’s Office. For additional information, contact Deputy Jordan Spencer at spencerj@co.cowlitz.wa.us WHAT’S HAPPENING—cont’d on page 9

BOOTS—cont’d from page 10

the will of God.” (Parenthetical clarifications are MINE!) What shall we say then? What shall we do? How can we live the old way knowing what God has done for us,

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what Jesus has given, what the Holy Spirit provides us with? Who can condemn us? Who can bring a charge against us? Who can separate us from the love of God? Will “tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?” Nothing can. Nothing should. No one should, not even ourselves. If we choose to live in the spirit, if we choose to regularly put on the whole armor of God and put our big girl boots on then, “…in all these things we overwhelmingly conquer through Him who loved us. For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.” Romans 8:37–39 NASB New American Standard Bible (NASB)Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by TheLockman Foundation

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WHAT’S HAPPENING—cont’d from page 8

Oregon State Police Now Hiring Troopers! Ever thought you would make a good cop? Ever thought you had what it takes to be one of the best cops? If the answer is yes—you’re an OSP Trooper. A career as an Oregon State Police (OSP) Trooper is challenging and rewarding. OSP Troopers provide Premier Public Safety Services to the citizenry of Oregon and we hire the best people to do it. If you’ve ever thought about being a Trooper now is the time to apply. OSP is preparing to hire recruit troopers in 2015 using the E-Recruit electronic application system. Lateral and Entry level recruit trooper applications will be accepted at 12:01 p.m., Friday, February 13, 2015, and will be open until 11:59 p.m. Friday, March 6, 2015. For more information click here: http://bit. ly/1DOt1mL Persons interested in applying should start the process now by going to the Oregon State Police recruiting website at www.osptrooper.com. The website helps interested applicants: • Learn the application process and what it takes to successfully apply • Clearly understand our qualifications • Find out what it will take to get a jump on the required Entry Level Testing To better serve qualified applicants, OSP is scheduling two separate Entry Level Testing sessions: • Session #1 - Saturday, March 14, 2015 • Session #2 - Monday, March 16, 2015 Both sessions will be held at the Oregon Public Safety Academy, 4190 Aumsville Hwy SE, in Salem. Applicants should prepare beforehand for Entry Level Testing. Candidates can create an account now by building a profile following the instructions detailed on the www. osptrooper.com website. The complete application for employment is comprised of the E-Recruit profile, the supplemental questionnaire, and any required attachments. The Oregon State Police is an equal opportunity employer and strongly encourages women and minorities to apply. Information about our agency, the different opportunities that are available, how our hiring process works, and updates to our hiring process can be found at www.osptrooper.com. Questions about the application process can be directed to the OSP Recruitment Unit at (503) 378-4175. If you are ready to go we have a place for you in the Oregon State Police. U.S. Forest Service to Hold Listening Sessions Public conversation to begin regarding revision of land management plans for the Northwest Forest Plan Amendment Area The Pacific Northwest (OR, WA) and Pacific Southwest (CA) Regions of the U.S. Forest Service are beginning a public conversation on the process for revising forest land management plans in the Northwest Forest Plan amendment area. “The Forest Service is committed to the original tenets and principles of the Northwest Forest Plan,” said Jim Peña, Pacific Northwest Regional Forester. “We want to share what we’ve learned and are thinking, and listen to other’s ideas and concerns.”

The land management plans within the Northwest Forest Plan area guide how resources will be managed for 15 to 20 years. These plans are due for revision. “Since the Northwest Forest Plan was adopted 20 years ago, there have been many advances in natural resource research and monitoring,” said Randy Moore, Pacific Southwest Regional Forester. “We are committed to using the best available science in revising these land management plans.” The plan revisions will be completed under the 2012 planning rule, which places a strong emphasis on public engagement and collaboration throughout the process. To gather ideas on the revision process, the Forest Service is holding a series of public listening sessions March 17, 2015 in Portland, OR; March 18, 2015 in Seattle, WA; and March 25, 2015 in Redding, CA. The Forest Service will announce session times and location details as they become available. In order to set these listening sessions and the revision process up to be successful, a neutral, third-party consultant, Triangle Associates, Inc., is currently conducting preliminary outreach to a few dozen individuals representing a wide array of perspectives. This will help the Forest Service consider the types of issues that should be addressed through the revision process. The Northwest Forest Plan was created in 1994 with the intent of protecting the critical habitat of the northern spotted owl while maintaining a viable forest products industry in the Pacific Northwest. The Plan amended 26 land use plans, spanning 24 million acres of Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service-managed lands in Northern California and Western Washington. In California, the Plan amended land and resource management plans for the Klamath, Lassen, Mendocino, Modoc, Shasta-Trinity, and Six Rivers National Forests. More information about this process, times and location details of the listening sessions will be posted soon on the Forest Service Regional web pages: Region 6 (Oregon and Washington) http://www.fs.usda.gov/r6/ Region 5 (California) http://www.fs.usda.gov/r5/ Host an Exchange Student? ASSE International Student Exchange Programs (ASSE) is seeking local host families for international high school boys and girls. These students are 15 to 18 years of age, and are coming to this area for the upcoming high school year or semester. These personable and academically selected exchange students are conversant in English, bright, curious and anxious to learn about this country through living as part of a family, attending high school and sharing their own culture and language with their newly adopted host family. Those persons interested in obtaining more information about becoming a host family should call toll free: 1-800733-2773 or go to host.asse.com. There are many students to choose from, so call or go online—and begin the process of selecting your new host son or daughter today! Call for Artists Area artists are invited to participate in the Columbian Artists 39th Annual juried Spring Art Show to be held March 21st through April 12th at the Thee Rivers Mall, 3513 Three Rivers Drive, Kelso, WA (Space D-1168, just down from Macy’s).

INSECTS—cont’d from page 5

removing any standing water is important. Of late there have been some nasty diseases imported from other countries by way of old tires with standing water in them. These diseases came by way of larva of new types of mosquitoes who were able to adapt and live here now. Not only are these new diseases encouraging me to check around my yard, but I can’t handle the bites and resulting itching. Good Luck in your mosquito prevention program.

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The Show is open to artists 18 years old and older from Cowlitz, Clark, Wahkiakum Lewis and Pacific Counties in Washington, and Clatsop and Columbia Counties in Oregon. Entries must be original, two dimensional work, completed in the past two years. Work will be judged and awards given. Entries will be received on Monday, March 16th, from 10am to 5pm, at the Thee Rivers Mall. A prospectus with details regarding rules, categories, sizes, etc., and an entry form are available on our website www. columbianartists.org. They are also available at the Broadway Gallery in Longview and the Tsuga Gallery in Cathlamet, or by calling 360-425-0142 (Carol), or 360-274-2882 (Alan). AGLOW Group Meets Meeting location: Shiloh Fellowship Church, 10709 SE 10th St., Vancouver. Time: 7:00 p.m., with fellowship and food at 6:00 p.m. For information: (360) 694-6914. TOPS #1129 Meets in Woodland The TOPS #1129 Group meets at 9:00 a.m. on Tuesdays for their weigh-in and meeting at the Woodland Community Center located at 782 Park Street. For more information contact Delores at 360-606-6434. TOPS #1056 Meets in Vancouver TOPS WA 1056 Vancouver, meets every Wednesday at the Shiloh Fellowship Church located at 10709 SE 10th Street Vancouver, WA 98684. Weigh in begins at 8:15. The meetings are 9:30 to 10:30. Any questions, please contact Barbara Smith at 360-901-4634 or at Barbarassouthernbreeze@gmail.com. TOPS #1489 Meets in Kalama The Kalama Tops (Take Off Pounds Sensibly) group meets every Tuesday at 9 am for their weigh in and meeting at the Kalama Methodist Church at 111 N 2nd Street. It is a low cost, educational support Group. Any questions call Debbie at 360-673-5183 SW Washington Gold Prospectors Meet! The SW Washington Gold Prospectors club meets every 2nd Sunday every month at 1:00 p.m. at the Minnehaha Grange Hall at 4905 NE St. Johns Road in Vancouver, WA. For more information contact Steve at 971-212-5996 or go to www.swwgoldprospectors.org or see their Facebook page at www.facebook.com/pages/Swwgp. Volunteers Needed Woodland Mobile Meals is in need of volunteer drivers. Meals are picked up at the America’s Family Diner on Lewis River Drive at 10:45 along with recipients names and addresses. Delivery usually takes a little over an hour. If you are interested in assisting with this outreach to seniors program please call Moze Meeker at 225-6501 or June Jones at Woodland Real Estate 225-8278. Deliveries are in the Woodland, WA, metro area. Mall Adoption Events for the Humane Society of Cowlitz County. We are at the Three Rivers Mall in the former Fibre Credit Union space on Friday and Saturday, the 3rd weekend of every month. We will have cats and dogs for adoption. All are microchipped and current on shots; all cats, and many of our dogs are already spayed/neutered. For a complete list of all adoptable animals at the Humane Society please direct individuals to www.cowlitzhumane.com or www.petfinder.com. WHAT’S HAPPENING—cont’d on page 12

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“Finally, be strong in the Lord and in the strength of His might. Put on the full armor of God…” —Ephesians 6:10 NASB

puttin’ on my

for God. We cry out and God the Father/God the Son/God the Holy Spirit gives us strength and wisdom and guidance and comfort and everything we need to overcome this world through His Word. ou would think at my age I would know better! You The Word of God tells us that the fear and sufferings of would think. this present time “are not worthy to be compared with the Truth is, I do know better, I just don’t always DO better. glory that is to be revealed to us” and the time when creation I’m a baby. Things get to me still. Things bother me. Yeah, itself will also be set free from its slavery to corruption. I do maybe I don’t fuss and throw tantrums like I used to when I was not understand how words on pages help so much but they do! two, but inside, I fuss and throw tantrums. Maybe not as often but When I am away from my Bible reading, the darkness creeps back still, I throw fits like a child. I know I should put my big girl boots in. The lies that are whispered by Satan, the world, and my own BY LORI ANDERSON on but I don’t. I choose to throw tantrums instead at what this world deceitful heart start to sound true. I regress in every way. I become throws my way. weak and vulnerable and childish. The only remedy for me is the word of God! It I throw tantrums about the way I am sometimes treated. I beat myself up about the boggles my mind but it is confirmed in my life. The Bible is the inspired Word of God, way I sometimes treat others. I throw fits about being neglected. I throw fits about powerful and moving. It cuts to my very soul. It shines healing and sanitizing light on being neglectful. Sometimes I have suffered at the hands of others but many more my filthy, diseased, dark places. It gives me hope where I never had hope before. It times I have suffered at my own hands. My response either way? I feel sorry for myself restores hope whenever I lose hope or walk away from hope. and pitch a fit… outside, on occasion, and inside, way too often. Do you know that, Hope is important. We need to have hope. We need to “hope for what we do not see” even though I know Romans 8:28 by heart (“And we know that all things work togethand with perseverance wait eagerly for it. We need to put our big girl boots, the big girl er for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose”) boots (and big boy boots) God gives us, and do all that we can do to walk in the spirit. I still often act like a baby about the way things turn out? I act like a baby because And we don’t stop there. We need to put on the rest of the equipment God has given us. things don’t always turn out the way I think they should or the way I want them to. And How you ask? Our Heavenly Father tells us how in Ephesians 6. it gets worse! True to my nature, I blame. I blame others. I blame myself. Truth be told,

Big Girl Boots

sometimes I even blame God. Blame and condemnation. That’s two of my defaults from the time before I was a believer in Christ. That’s the bad news. The good news? As a believer I have a source to go to for help. As a Believer I have the Word of God. As a Believer, I started reading the Bible. Through the Bible, I started learning a new way to live. Through the Bible, I am constantly reminded, “There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death”(Romans 8:1–2 KJV). Free from sin and death! You know what that means, don’t you. When I am blaming and condemning, I am choosing to live the way I used to, back in bondage to sin. I am choosing to live according to my dying flesh. Romans 8 goes on to say that what we cannot do in our weak flesh (stop the condemnation, stop the sin, stop the death), God DID when He sent His own Son to rescue us from condemnation, sin, and death. By taking our place condemnation, sin, and death has no more power over us. So, if we accept God’s gift and Jesus’s sacrifice, we are no longer at the mercy of this sin-cursed world! Now, we have the spirit of Christ that lives within us and if we dwell on the things of the Spirit, things of eternal value instead of dwelling on things of the flesh, things of temporary value, things of THIS world, the Bible says we will have life and peace and we will be pleasing to God. Ah! But here’s the rub! It’s a choice. We need to constantly choose to stop living in the flesh to stop AT living our old way. Easier said than done in our own power, BUT the Bible tells us that if we have received Sunday, April 5th, 2015�Reserve Now! the Holy Spirit, the Spirit Open at 9:00 a.m. — Last Seating at 2:30 p.m. of adoption into the family Call (only) for reservations, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. of God, we now have a very powerful ally! We can Assorted Fruits, Salads, and Ambrosias • Fresh-baked rolls now cry out to God our and pastries • Baked Ham with Raisin Sauce • omelettes Father and ask Him to “put • Strawberry Blintz• Rennaissance Potatoes • Beef Stroganoff to death” the things of the • Seafood Medley… And many additional entrees! body. What is impossible with us is never impossible

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“Finally, be strong in the Lord and in the strength of His might. Put on the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil. For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places. Therefore, take up the full armor of God, so that you will be able to resist in the evil day, and having done everything, to stand firm. Stand firm therefore, HAVING GIRDED YOUR LOINS WITH TRUTH, and HAVING PUT ON THE BREASTPLATE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS, and having shod YOUR FEET WITH THE PREPARATION OF THE GOSPEL OF PEACE; in addition to all, taking up the shield of faith with which you © will be able to extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. And take THE HELMET OF SALVATION, and 1 Thessalonians 5:16–18 the sword of the Spirit, n 1913 the US federal which is the word of government held a 50th God. With all prayer and petition pray… be anniversary reunion at on the alert with all Gettysburg. It lasted three days, with thousands of surperseverance…” vivors attending. Most of the men —Ephesians got along fairly well, with at least one 6:10–19 NASB exception. Over dinner at a restaurant Praying is intimidating one evening harsh words were passed but not to worry! We are between a Yankee and a Rebel. They went at told later in Romans 8 that each other with forks. One of them was nearly fatally the Holy Spirit “helps our wounded with tableware! In 1863 a great price was paid for peace to come to the weakness, for we do not know how to pray as we young United States. For our personal peace and even should, but the Spirit greater price was paid. Ephesians 2:14 says “for He Himself intercedes for us Himself is our peace.” “He” is Jesus Christ! In this passage Paul is specifically talking about the with groanings too deep for words, and He (God) peace that the death of Christ brought between Jews and who searches the hearts Gentiles as both became Christians in Ephesus. It also knows what the mind of refers to the peace that He brought to us within ourselves. In the long run we are not going to experience peace in the Spirit is, because He (the Holy Spirit) inter- this world. There are always going to be the bullies and cedes for the saints (us troublemakers around us. Dictators will continue to come Believers) according to and go, and greedy people will continue to try to get their own way. But we can have peace in the midst of the storm. BOOTS—cont’d on page 8 Jesus Christ is the personification of peace. Do you have a personal relationship with Him? If not, you can Northwood Park Funeral make your peace with God this very moment. He is Home & Cemetery always listening, always waiting for you to respond to Funeral Home • Mausoleum • Cemetery Him. Cremation & Memorial Services, Traditional Funerals ls The ONLY Glass Front Niches in Clark County! You’ve entered the home of the Circuit ‘Riter. Come on in and sit a spell, put 16407 NE 15th • Ridgefield, WA 360

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your feet up—make yourself at home. We’ve been waiting for you. Walk through a delightful series of homespun devotional messages with author, Michael Ullrich. Visit his site at http:// www.in-his-steps.com/

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D ining P leasure 5 FOR YOUR

o begin with “Chucks” to refers Chucks almost primeval. Some of us like our Produce and Street Market of Salmon ‘fries’ cut thin and fried very crisp but Creek and Mill Plain in Vancouver Washington. other ( like myself) like our ‘fries’ cut I could write reams of praise about this store thicker, crisp on the outside and soft and especially the produce department but that inside. Our ‘fries’ at Chucks were fresh wasn’t the purpose of our visit. from the fryer and delicious. We followed The delicatessen, located at the west end of this up with Gelato ,an Italian style ice the building, is a savior for the busy shopper, cream, a Cannoli and drinks, all extra. harried soccer moms, and busy executives on What we plan to try next time. The fresh the way home after a long day slaving over a fruit bar looked enticing as well as the soup computer. I had heard from friends in the bar, the made-to-order burger bar, the salBY THE DIVA GASTRONOMIQUE ads and main dishes in the deli cases, the Vancouver area that Chucks in Salmon Creek was the place to go for a quick meal or just a Hot Rock special of the day. I don’t know snack so we decided to give it a try. what I will try the next time I visit Chucks Market and Frankly at first I thought the task of eating there might a Delicatessen but on thing is for sure I will be back little bit daunting. Granted the delicatessen area is large howThere is a certain freedom to eating like this. There is no ever the day we visited it filled with people, some standing in rush and while it’s true there are no white linen tablecloths lines, others helping themselves at various food stations and and you have to wait on yourself, the food is well prepared, many seated at the tables.. But that gave my companions and I V A N C O U V E R , W A there is a tremendous variety to choose from and the prices a chance to walk around and see what all the fuss was about. are affordable. Hmm, a made-to-order burger bar, fresh made-to-order sandwiches, a fresh madeChucks Produce Market, 2302 N.E. 117Th ( and Hwy 99), Salmon Creek, 360 597to-order pizza bar, a Hot Rock Special of the Day, a Gelato bar (An Italian style ice 2160 and 13215 S.E. Mill Plain Blvd, Vancouver Washington, 360 597-2700. www. cream soother than the typical American ice cream), fresh Italian style pastries, salads, chucksproduce.com main dishes and desserts in deli cases, an olive bar, a fresh fruit bar, a cheese bar and a soup bar with six different hot soups to choose from plus an entire aisle of condiments and drinks to choose from. Wow, so much to see and try and so little time. You can buy a little bit or buy a lot, it s all there for the busy shopper to take home for dinner or take back to the office for lunch. Okay, enough said. What we tried: One of my companions decided to try the Hot Rock meal of the day which turned out to be a Teriyaki stir fry served over pasta with egg rolls, $9.95. My other dining companion decided on a fresh sandwich, smoked turkey with lettuce and tomatoes on Sourdough, $6.95. I chose a half sandwich of roast beef, Swiss cheese, lettuce and tomatoes, $3.95. The food was delicious. By the way, I am glad I chose a half sandwich instead of a whole, the servings are large.. Both sandwiches were served with very good French fries which I must take a minute to tell you about. There is just something about fried potatoes that is

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Federal funds to improve access to Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge Up to $3 million in federal funds will be used to improve pedestrian and cyclist access to the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge. Last summer, Clark County and the city of Ridgefield jointly applied for funding to improve Northwest Main Avenue. This

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month Western Federal Lands Highway Division, part of the U.S. Transportation Department, informed the county and city that funding has been approved for the project, which is expected to cost $3.7 million to design and build. Specifically, the project will: Build a 2,200-foot long paved path along or near Main Avenue, remove an undersized culvert for Gee Creek under Main Avenue and replace it with a 100-foot long bridge, and reconstruct the existing roadway near the new bridge. This section of Main Avenue is a rural road that lacks sidewalks, bicycle lanes or shoulders. The new path will be 6–10 feet wide to accommodate pedestrians and cyclists who currently share the narrow roadway with vehicles to reach the refuge. The undersized culvert periodically backs up during winter rains, which causes water to flow onto Main Avenue. This overflow creates a hazard for drivers, threatens the road’s structural integrity, and causes flooding on adjacent private property. Replacing the existing culvert also will remove a partial barrier for fish runs and dovetails with the refuge’s plan to restore fish rearing habitat by reconnecting Gee Creek to Carty Lake. The project will improve access to the refuge’s 710-acre Carty Unit, which includes the Cathlapotle Plankhouse and Oaks to Wetland Trail. A planned nature/visitor center would attract an additional 30–50 vehicles an hour to the Carty Unit during peak visitation. Clark County and Ridgefield will share costs not covered by the federal award. Design and permitting work is planned for the next two years, with construction in 2017 and 2018.