06.03.63

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- - " A -Creal PontiftCltteflasEnded

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"There are so many things to do. But my spiritual disposition is such that if the Lord wishes to call me today, even this very evening, I am ready." Pope John XXIII spoke these words a few months after his election-on October 28, 1958-as Vicar or: Christ and 261st successor of St.. Peter as Bishop of Rome. The words have now become a reality. At 7:49 P.M., Monday, Rome time, (Monday 'afternoon at 2 :49, our time) Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, his robust body and strong will finally overwhelmed by the repeated assaults -

brought about by stom­ ach cancer, yielded his soul to God. He was in

The

-ANCHOR

Fall River, Mass., Monday, June 3, 1963

Vol. 7, No. 23 ©

1963 The Anchor

PRICE lOe $4.00 per Year

Bishop Connol,ly Says Pope

Succeeded in Promise

To Be A Pastor

the fifth year of his ponti­ ficate, the 39th year of his episcopate consecration, the 59th year of his priesthood, and the 82nd year of his life.

Thus died the farmer's son who became Pope.

The Pope died in the small bedroom of the Apostolic Palace high above St. Peter's Square.

He died in the plain bed that had belonged to Pius XII. On the walls were a crucifix, pic­ tures of the Blessed Mother and of his family.

Pope John had spoken often of death during the past year.

Last Fall, at the time of the Vatican Council, he showed signs of illness. During, the past several days he had been subjected to hemorrhages but -surprisingly-seemed some­ what better on Thursday. Then at midnight Thursday,' Rome time, he took a turn for the worse and after being' present at Mass and receiving Holy Com­ munion Friday morning asked for Extreme Unction.

He was lucid and calm throughout. His condition began to deteriorate rapidly Friday af­ ternoon and he lost conscious­ ness Friday evening. Since that time he has alternated between coma and consciousness, ,with only his amazing vitality bring­ HIS HOLINESS POPE JOHN XXIII

ing him out of the coma from time to time to speak to mem­ bers of the Curia and his staff, and to the members of his fam­ ily who had kept watch by his bed.

At tlie time of being anointed the Pope offered his life for the Church, the Council, and peace among men. He addressed spec~ ial greetings 'to the Council A great pontificate has ended. and expressed the hope Pope John XXIII is dead in the 82nd year of his life Fathers that the work he' had begun and the fifth year of his reign. Never was a pontiff more would be brought to a happy widely mourned. Almost 77 years old at the time of his conclusion by another Pope. He election, this 261st successor successor who would have a expressed special affection, for his family, his Diocese of Rome, to 'St. Peter, it was freely longer. life expectancy. . and his native town of Sotto il 'd ld b " k" As it turned out, thl~ ponbft­ sal, wou e a careta er cate of John XXIII WillS one of Monte.

All who saw the Pontiff were pontiff. That is, he' would the most eventful in the nearly deeply moved by his acceptance, inn~vate ,little disturb little 2,000 years of the Church'. his­ .' ' , tory. He 'Jpset precedents, made' of God's Will through his suf­ feri,ng and dying which he him­ ehlefly ~eep the status quo for a Turn to Page 13, col. 1 self said he had watched step by, step. , Time and time again since ' Friday evening the Pope had amazingly pulled back from the depths of a coma. Many times he had astonished Turn to Page 5, CoL 2

Our Holy Father, Pope John XXIII has gone to his , eternal reward. May God be good to him. May the angels and the saints 'receive hil1l at his coming. May he find joy in the company of the elect, and of the Blessed Mother, towards whom he 'had such childlike devotion. May he be completely lifted up to behold and savor for all eternity the wonderful vision of the all-Holy, all-Loving God the Father, the Son, our Savior, and God the Holy Spirit, our Sanctifier.

For months, almost years, Pope John lived with the thought of his own dissolution constantly in mind. In simple faith he professed that he was ready whenever the Lord would call him. Somewhat in the spirit of St. Francis of' Assisi he thought with' affection of "Sister Death." With characteristic humor, he said but a day or two ago that his bags were packed and he was ready for the journey. How really magnanimous a mind, and how honest an attitude in one who lived 80 long, so simply, so loyally and so lovingly in whatever concerned his relations with God and his fellow­ man.

Seldom, if ever, has the world known such an outpour­ ing of anxious concern as we have had these past few days.

Certainly it is doubtful that ever "before in the history of humankind has there been such unity in prayer, such an outpouring of concern for the well-being of one who five brief years ago was comparatively unknown.

Pope John was said to be an "interim" Pope. He was expected to spell out a few years until a younger spiritual father came. He professed no great knowledge of science or diplomacy. His linguistic ability was limited, although he What happens after a pope dies!

did speak fluently the common speech of Charity. Seldom, How is his successor chosen?

if at all, and certainly not in our day, have men been so Who directs the Church between his death and

influenced by warmth, and personal charm, as they have of his successor?

Custom, ancient ritual and renaming been by him. Never, perhaps, lfas St. Peter's in Rome seen There is a sure, and de- cent laws-some of them written such reverent recourse to a Holy Father as there has

by Pope John himself--have es­ been to him. One feels tempted to say that the Love of tailed series of steps spelled tablished the procedur4~8 to be our for Vatican officials to followed. ­ TUl'1l to Page 8, Column 1

Made Innovations, Upset Precedents

Follow Complicated Steps­ In' ,Election .of 'New Pope

follow after the Pope'. death.

Chancery Office Issues Instructions For Diocesan Clergy and Laity Immediately following the, death of the Supreme Pontiff, the Chancery Office issued the following directives to priests of the Fall River Diocese: Every priest is urged to celebrate three Masses for the repose of the soul of the Holy Father. occasion. This should be a ReA High or Solemn Mass q~iem Mass if the rubrics pe~­ is to be offered in every mit. The. Mas~ ma.y sung In . '. . the evemng, If thIS wIll assure punsh at the earhest pOSSible Tum to Page 17, col. 1

m:

Turn to Page 6, col. 3

Successor Can Reconvene Council What is the fate of the Second'Va'tican Council after the Pope's death?

Canon ~aw provides that the council is ended.

Normally, although there is no legal coercion, the Pope's successor would be ex,pected to reconvene it if ,the assembly had not finished its work.

U reconvened, the council almost certainly will have the same name. It will be considered the' same council. The Council of Trent, for example, had three popes presiding over it, being reconvened two times. .

Head 'of Diocese Sends Cablegram To Holy Father A telegram from Bishop Connolly was among the thousands that poured into the Vatican during the past few days.

The Ordinary of the Fall River Diocese sent a cablegram to Amleto Cardinal Cicognani, Vatican Secretary of State, ad­ vising him of the prayers of the faithful for Pope John.

The cablegram read: "Fall River Diocese united in prayer for beloved Holy Father."

Bishop Connolly

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'Pontiff Seldom Uses Power of '.nfallibility

. THE ANCHOR-

Pope John XXIII Ardent Student Of ., Langua'ges

Like all 'his predecessors, the successor to Pope Joh. will share in the attribute of papal infallibility. This does

Pope John XXIII the ecu­ menical-minded pope, often greeted his visitors in their own language. He used 11 languages. A master of his native Italian and Latin, he was fluent in varying degrees in .French, Spapish, Bulgarian, Romanian, Turkish and modern Greek. He also studied German and Rus­ sian, understood them, but did not have any fluency in speaking_ them. , Immediately after he was en­

throned as pope in November,

1958, Pope John set out to mas­

ter English. He was tutored by

the senior English-speaking

member of the Vatican Secreta­

riat of State· staff, Msgr. Thomas

Ryan, of Tipperary, Ireland.

Pope John received his first

lessons in English more than 20

years ago when he was Apostolic

Delegate tr Turkey. His teacher

was the same Msgr. Ryan, then

(in 1941) a secretary on the del.

egation staff in Istanbul. This

gave rise to the observation that

the Pope would speak English

with an Irish brogue. But actu.

ally he spoke it with an Italian

accent.

'Poor PupiP According to Pope John he received his tutoring in English from "a good teacher, but an un­ happy one," because "I was a poor pupil, with little time for study."

Msgr. Ryan said that the Pope had no trouble reading and un­ derstanding English, but encoun­ tered difficulty with pronuncia­ tion. Consequently he hesitated to speak in English, unless he had ample time to prepare what he wanted to say. Some weeks his work schedule was too. crowded for lessons. He made his best progress during the comparatively . quiet Summer months at Castelgandolfo.

In mid-December, 1958, during the first general audience of his pontificate, Pope John spoke briefly in English for the first time. He told a gr.oup of English­ speaking visitors that he was stlJdying their Ja~' ",~ :'"' '1 hoped to speak it well enough . ~oon to greet Engli~:1-J"'"1kii1g 'people in their own tongue..

Greeting in English On Dec. 6, 1959, in the small throne room of the Vatican Pal­ 'ace, Pope John received Presi­ dent Dwight D. Eisenhower and members of his staff, warmly 'greeting them in formal English.

The president congratulated the P<1pe on his English pronuncia­ tion. Pope John reported that he had mastered his speech "only by dogged repetition."

In May, 1961, when he re­ ceived England's Queen Mother Elizabeth and Princess Margaret, Pope John, addressing them in­ formally in French, apologized .for not speaking in English, . but promised them "it will be the next language r learn." .In 1959 when he received President Celal Bayar of Turkey and King Paul and Queen Fred­ , ,erika of Greece he greeted them in their own languages~ In July, 1962, at a state audience in the Vatican for President Diosdato Macapagal of the Philippines, Pope John spoke in both Spanish and English.

Orphanage and Jail Visited on Christmas On Christmas Day, Pope John visited the infants and children in Gesu Bambino Hospital. He was quite at home with these . innocents. On the n~xt day, he visited the non-innocents-the criminals in Regina Coeli jail, breaking all precedents.

He was not too much at home with them, but he did offer good comfort and inspiration to them, even quipping that since they could not visit him, he had come to visit them.

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ENTERS 1958 CONCLAVE A CARDINAL -

LEAVES AS POPE

Pove~ty Modest - Families of." Faith

Grew Up in [)ignified, Happy Ronca IIi Folks The followinl: if; a transla­ tion of a bio:rapby of Pope John printed in L'Osservatore Romano, the Vatican City newspaper, in its edition of Oct. 31, 1958, three days after he was elected Pope.

ANGELO GIUSEPPE RON­ CALLI, son of Giovanni Battista Roncalli and Maria Anna Maz­ zola, was the eldest of 10 chil­ dren.

Next to him comes Saverio, married but without children; Alfredo, a bachelor; Giuseppe, widower with five sons and five daughters; Ass u n Ca Roncalli Marchesi, now a widow with four children. Thl~ youngest brother, Giovanni died in 1957 leaving eight children.

The RoncaIli family is ancient and has a number of branches.

From the Valle 1m-agna, des­ cribed by Antonio Stopp~ni, the naturalist, as the "most beauti­ ful of the Lombard :valleys," the .f amily moved ,to. sOttO ilMonte in 1429, the year of ,J~an ,of Arc. Until recently, first as priest and then as Cardinal, Angelo Guseppe Ronalli spent his Summers for over 30 years in the home of· his ancestors, now the property of the Baron Scotti, at Sotto il Monte (Bergamo). A charming village spread oveI"tne hillside; surrounded by vine­ yards and wheat fi.elds, where he and all his family had been born. His brothers lived apart in two farm, houses on their own land.

Large Famillies The branch of 'the' Ronclllli family from' SottO' il', Monte is called dei M'aitini' - from '''Mar­ .tinus· Roncalli, cqlled Maitnus," the head of 'their line.

In the various family branches of Bergamo and' other places are a nuinber of priests and nuns, painters, doctors, and persons of other occllpations. For example, the painter Pomal'3ncio who left so many fine examples of his exceptional artistic ability in Rome and in St. Peter's, was Cristoforo Roncalli, surnamed according to the custom of the time with the name of the Tus­ can village where he was born.

The Roncalli families related to ·the Holy F<ather, that is to say the children of his brothers, and of two sisters whose married names were Ghisleni and Mar­ chesi, have multiplied in recent years. Among them there is a young priest of 30 years, Don Battista Roncalli, chaplain at Fusignano in the diocese' of Faenza.

A niece, sister of :Don Battista, is a nun of the order of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Issoudun, h.ere in Rome.

Another daughter of the youngest brothel', Sister Anna Maria, hall been a nUll of 11be

j~re

Pious Mothers of Nigeria of· Verona for the past 10 years and at present lives in Asmara in the house of this missionary congregation.

Clerical Habit at 14 . These Ron c a'll i folks are modest people, and families of faith whose traditional simpli­ city will not be upset by this great honor that has descended on them. The older people were respected and harmony reigned bE~tween the parents. The broth­ er's and sisters were devoted.

From the time Angelo put on the clerical habit at the age of 14:, his parents and brothers treated and spoke to him with greater respect.

In recent years on the 15th of each August, a Cardinal·of the Holy Roman Church in full dress could be seen following the pro­ CE!ssion of his little native vil­ lage.' This was his offering to' h:'s fellow citizens on the d:ay of the Assumption:" ' .

One of his pleasures ,was 110 teach the oatechism, to part ,. in townfolk~s troubles an'd in their happinesses and to ron­ 'v:ince them that he was 'still their "Don Angelo" of his yllunger days. .

Loved Land During his short visits to his , n,ative home, he said Mass every d;ay in the little family chapel. \Vhen Mass was over he ques­ tioned the children on,. the cate­ chism and asked them whether ·they knew who was' the Saint oJ tbat day. Then' he would tell them stories about hiinor her.

He loved this' land 'that' lay between the rivers Adda and BreDlbo. .

He could see bey~nd th'enver to those places where as a 'child he used to go with his' parents.

He looked toWard' Soniasca, .

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take

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sacred to memories of St. Jerome Miani, of whom he was a great admirer. And :6arther on to the sanctuary of the Madonna of the Woods, which he had crowned on September 30, 1954. · On the other side of the mountains there was the Abbey of Pontida, another memory of his childhood. And all the other Marian sanctuaries of the Ber;. gamasco, such as the Madonn6 dei Campi, the Madonna of the Cornabusa and the Madonna of the Roses, closely related to the period when be was secretary to his bishop, Msgr. R,adini­ Tedeschini. .

Simple Meals Close by his father's house stood the Franciscan convent of Baccanello. When the nwnks rang the midday bell, his mother would say, "Put the pot on the fire, it is time for dinner."

There was hardly ev~r, meat, or wine, or sweets' at the family . . board. In the morning came' the typical Bergamasco dish 'corn meal mush; at, noon a' iIoup of c ·greens, a little cheeSe or sausage. and the Same' in the evening. ' 'Poor But Happy, "',, "We were very poor. but happy," he sometimes recalls.

"We didn't realize that we lacked anything, and in truth we didn:t. Ours was a dignified and happy poverty."

After the missions in Bulgaria and Turkey and the Nunciilture · in France, he entered. Venice on ,March 15, 1953, at the age of 71.

His first speech, from the pul­ pit of St. Mark's was loving and simple. He spoke of his past, hill gratitude to the Pope for having entrusted to him the Venetian '. people, which brought him back to the pastoral life which: had been the desire of all of, his life.

Turn to Page 3, col. ~'

not mean that the Pope cannot make a mistake or comRlit a sin.

Nor does it mean that he Call teach on any subject whateva. or that he is divinely inspired.

Papal infallibility means that under certain definite conditio~ the pope is preserved from error.

There are four of these. condi­ tions aoc" they must all be pres­ ent in an infallible pronounce­ ment. .

First, the Pope must be speak­ ing "ex cathedra" as supreme shepherd, teacher of all Chris­ tians and successor of Peter.

Second, he must be defining a doctrine, that is, making. it clear that the doctrine must be be­ lieved wit h a firm interior assent of faith.

Third, the doctrine defined must concern faith or mora1JJ,' that is, it must belong' to the doctrinal teachings or moral principles of the Catholic reli­ gion as found in scripture 01' tradition. ' .

Fourth, ,the Pope -must be speaking to the whole Church, intending to bind all its me....

BerS throughout the world.

The most recent example of an infallible pronouncement by the Pope came in 1950 whell Pius XII proclaimed the dogma of the Assumption of the BlesMtl Virgin Mary.

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IN MEMORIAM

'or

POPE JOHN XXIII

•

J. M. MOSHER

& SON

Architects and

Engineers

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PROVIDENCE

RHODE ISLAND

..

POPE JOHN XXIII OF BLESSED MEMORY

ASHLEY FORD SALES, INC.

NEW BEDFORD

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PRIVATB AUDIENCE":" MSGR. MEDEIROS, POPE,

Pope John Chose Father's Name

ANCHOR-Di4:H*e of" Fan ·River·

nSHOP CONNOLLY, REV. JOSEPH P. DELANEY ,.- .

Grateful for Assignment to· Venice· First Sermon at \St. Mark's Lovi.ng, Simple ,

The name "John- chosen. by Contiriued From Page I wanted the Panegyri of St. tal; or other charitable institu­ .rdinal Roncalli when he be­ Every step in his existence Mark's to be given every year by tions. He alwaY:J wore black eame pope was also the name of ... father, his native parish liad been made for obedience. • Venetian bishop. Cardinale 'without any insignia of his rank.

His working day began, and stin from other areas .were often When he was obliged to wear tlwrch and his cathedml. full dress it was 3, distinct sacri~ does, at four o'clock. Prayer and present.

N The name "John haa beell In the five years 'he wes in lice: . breviary, spiritual reading: at eIlosen by popes more than any Oardinal Roncatli was kind T A.M. Holy Mass; at 8 a C!1P . Venice 'he visited aU of his ether name has, but it had not . parishes and was .untiring in his and gentle with others. This was of. .milk and some fruit. been selected for 600 years prior tAle even in time of personal Then he attends to his mail care of his flock. .. Pope John XXIII's use of it.

Catholic Actio sorrow caused by the death of and looks over the newspapers.

He built the minor seminary some me.mber of his family to Pope John XXIII said: "There Although at times it is a rapid bave been 22 legitimate popes glance, he usually doesn't miss and about 30 new parishes. He which he was so deeply at­ called the SODS of St. Jerome tached. oalled John. Nearly all of them things of importance. He re­ had short pontificates. We have ceives callers between 10 and Mianito Mestre and put in their 'God, Our Peace" care the sanctuary of the Im­ decided to seek refuge from our 11 o'clock. ''The will of God, our Peace," own insignificance under the After lunoh a visit to the Holy maculate Heart of st. Mark. He was the motto that came to his protection of this great line of Sacrament; a half an hours'. placed the remains of his prede.,. lips and restored his serenity.

Roman pOpeS.N It can be called a design of rest and once more to work. In cessors in the crypt under St. theaflernoon . he may preside Mark's. He bought the historical . his life, like the other one that St. Giorgio in Alga. He gave the i.e on his cast of erms: "Obedi­ . over the committee of the dio­ cese or attend to business of the patriarchial al'Chives a new site. ence and Peace." Like a good curia or the diocese. At 7:45 P.M. He dedicate4 a greM deal to historian, he took this from a the rosary in the chapel with the Catholic Action, in accordance passage out of the Life of Car­ members of his household. At 8 with the requirements of the dinal Baronio. This Cardinal when he went to pray in St. After Peter died in gloriou. o'(llock in 'his study and at 10 ~ modern Church. lie rarely went out for walks. Peter's, as he di<l nearly every martyrdom on Vatican Hill June bed.

However, when necessary he day, would lean his head on the This was his norma! schedule.

19th, 67, the bishops, priests, dea­ wasoapable of going lopg dis­ feet of the statue of the Prince It however was often broken be­ ClOns and chief laymen, compris­ Tum to Page 4, col. I ing three orders: the episcopacy, cause he often spent the hours ,tances to reach a parish, hospi­ the presbytery, and the laity of . between 9 P.M. and 4· A.M. in the Church of Rome, met to his study preparing sermons, or eX!amining and studying some IN .MEMORIAM - POPE JOHN choose the successor. book. At these times he only They chose Linus, wherefore slept from 4to 7:30 in the mor­ Linus represented the choice of ning. At other times he retired the whole Church and the will at 9 o'clock and got up at 1 of God through the human action o'clock to pray, or to read or of the particular group qualified study. at the time to name the suc­ He never failed to be present cessor of St. Peter. at the· spiritual exercises every year with the entire Venetian episcopate, a tradition that was started by Cardinal La Fontaine.

Favorite Reading He also took part in the monthly retreats of his clergy.

Pope John XXIII has on more His favorite reading is the than one occasion shown his love Hoi y ScI' i pt u res, the Holy for missionaries and the mis­ Fathers of the Church, the great sions.

French speakers, the Spanish On Holy Thursday 1959, he mystics, the history· of the· OF emulated the example of Christ Church, the lives of the saints, with His apostles by kneeling and liturgical books. and washing the feet of 13 mis­ He particularly liked to have sionary priests. In May 1960, he the priests within the patri­ NEW BEDFORD eonsecrated 14 missionary bish­ archate celebrate the holy func­ ops in St. Peter's basilica. tions on solemn occasions. He

First Papal Election.

Held in- Year 67

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Ca II of Council Surprise Move On January 25, 1959, the feMI of .the Conversion of St. Paul, and the last day of the Unity Octave, Pope John XXIII· ~ nounced, during a visit to tbe Basilica of St. Paul, that an Ec"'" menical Council would be held.

This tremendous news immedi­ ately. attracted the keen inte~ of the Christian world.

The purpose of the Council would be the grand one of v,.. ing to unify Christendom. .Thus, within short months of his election, he had put in" motion .a mighty movement ill­ tended· to ·marshall the streng. of Christianity against its com­ mon foe, Communism.

Consistory The world was taken by SUIJ­ prise on Nov. 17, 1958 when Pope John announced that he woulcl hold a consistory on Dec 15 for the creat~on of 23 new cardinals, which would increase the num. ber beyond the traditional nUIIII­ ber of 70 to 74.

XXIII

Holy Father Close To Mission Work

THE FATHERS AND BROTHERS

OUR. LAD.Y'S CHAPEL

4,.

Pontiff Assumes Duties of Ruler Upon Election

THE ANCHI)t!-

Inspired CI,urch Efforts To Curb Anti-Semiti!m

As soon as the successor to Pope John has been named by the College of Cardinals, he is Pope. He needs no'

Both before and during his pontificate, Pope John XXIII played an inspiring role in the Church's efforts to curb anti-Semitism. He was praised

by Jewish leaders on many occa­ sions for his efforts in their be-­ half.

D'.Iring the tragic days of World War II, for example, Archbishop An gel 0 Roncalli, while serv:n~ as A""::><;;')E~ De:e­ gate to Greece and Turkey, acted to preven. the sacrifice of inno­ cent victims of war and persecu­ tion. From hi. post in Istanbul he intervened to divert a ship­ load of Jewish children from what would have been a tragic destination.

Immediately following his election as Pope, Cardinal Ron­ calli received congratulations fr'1m Chief Rabbi Isaac Herzog of Israel who remembered the diplomat's assistance to Jewish rescue missions. To Archbishop Roncalli; thousands of Jews owed their opportunity to escape per­ secution and to find refuge in Palestine and elsewhere.

It is related that he was in­ strumental in saving many Jews who were persecuted by Slovak, Bulgarian and Hun<:(arian nazis.

'Joseph, Your Brother' These incidents were recalled in October, 1960, when Pope John received a delegation of­ 130 U. S. members of the 'United Jewish Appeal and the Jewish study mission, led by Rabbi Her­ bert Friedman.

"I am Joseph, your brother," he greeted them. The quotation, given in the context of the Old Testament story of Joseph of Egypt, 'had a double meaning.

The Pope, baptized Angelo Giu­ seppe, counts St. Joseph as his patron.

It was 'no surprise when Is­ rael's Ambassador in Rome, Eliahu Sassoon, attended funel'al rites for Pope Pius XII and the coronation ceremonies of Pope John XXIII. President Yitzhak.

Ben-Zvi, of Israel was among the heads of state to 'whom papal letters of accession were dis­ patched" by the new pontiff. It is said to be the first time in mod­ ern history that the Vicar of Christ wrote to a successor o£ King David. Written in Latin, the letter was answered in Bib­ lical Hebrew.

Letters of Praise During his pontificate Pope John displayed "a sympathetic attitude towards' Israel and all that is bein'g done there," re­ ported Melkite-Rite B ish 0 p G1:!orge Hakim of Acre, spiritual head of the 20.000 Eastern-Rite Catholics there.

When P.:Jpe Tohn in 1959. or­ dered the words "unbelieving" and "perfidious" in reference to Jews and Moslems deleted from the liturgy of Good Friday, he­ received letters of praise from such Jewish organizations as The American Jewish ~ommittee, the Jewish War Veterans of the U. S., and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. It was hailed as "another signiIicant step toward improving interre­ ligious understanding."

Obedience'ond Peace , Motto of John- XXIII Pope John's motto was "Obed­ ientia et Pax" (Obedience and Peace). It is painted over the door of the farm house where he was b:Jrn on :hv. 2'_ ] ..:.: 1.€ village of Sotto il Monte in the Bergamo province in northern Italy.

People's Potri""ch In his first sermon from the pulpit of ,St. Mark's on the oc­ casion of his installation as Patriarch of Venice, Cardinal Roncalli assured his people: "Do not look upon your patriarch as a politician or as a diplomat.

You will find him only a priest."

He became the People's Patri­ arch

consecration or other ceremony to elevate him to the supreme of£ice.

It is customary, however, to crown the Pope within a few days after his election at a Mass o£ Coronation. His insignia in­ clude the pallium, the keys and the tiara.

The pallium is a band of white wool marked with black crosses and worn over the chasuble. The Pope wears it and palliums are sent to other ecclasiastics as a symbol of their power.

The keys symbolize the au­ thority of the Pope and recall Our Lord's entrusting of the keys of heaven to St. Peter.

The tiara' or triple crown of the Pope is worn upon solemn occasions. It has several symbol­ isms. One- is the triple office o£ the Pope as teacher, lawgiver and judge; another is his three­ fold authority over the Church _in spiritual things, over the Church c(,!lsidered as a human society and 'over the- temporal realm of the Vatican.

First Son in Line Of 13 Children Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, Pope John XXIII, was the eldest boy and the third child of 13 children born to Giovanni Bat­ tista R"1.p-.,1li and Maria Anna, • Mazzola. Three of his brothers and one sister were still living when he became Pope. His fath­ er died at age 96 and his mother at age 94.

Cost Kept Relotives From Ordination Only a few relatives and friends witnessed the ordination of Angelo Roncalli-Iater Pope .Tohn XXIII-on Aug. 10, 1904 in the Church of Santa Maria in Monte Santo, Italy. The journey from northern Italy was too ex­ pensive -for his brothers and sisters.

P",,,.A=q's Church POPE WALKING STREETS OF DIOCESE _

·Final Peace in Obeying God's Will Courteous Treatment Brings Souls to God Continued From Page 3 of the Apostles and kissinj them, would repeat, "Peace and Obe­ dience."

Pleasant

Talk4~

This explains th~ devout visit

Cardinal Roncalli made t-o St. Mary in Vallicella to pray at the tomb of the greatest histo­ rian of the Church before ,en­ teririg inte the recent -conclave.

He did not like formal -audi­ ences, for he preferred to give his visitor all the time he needed to explain whatever was close to his heart, while he listened to him patiently. Even- when his answer was "no," it was given with kindness and in such a way that the visitor left with a feeling of peace and uplift. He was well known as a pleasant talker. He seldom had an un­ kind word for anybody. He rather inclined to take men for what they were, and liked to discover their best side.

He repeatedly reminded peo­ ple that in order to ~vern a flock 'Omnia viqere, multa dis­ simulare, pauca corrigere" was necessary, according to the "multa leges pessima res pub­ lica." He would say "on~ must· only order that which one has good reason to hope will be exe­ cuted." When receiving people he always arose to his feet and would accompany them to the door when they left. He often enjoyed showing visitors him­ self through the rooms of St.

PiU-ll X and telling -all about the life of that Pontiff as he remem­ -berE~d it from his seminary days.

He thought that all good con­

versatioriand courteous treat­

ment are usetul in bringing a

soul to God. Many times he has been told that his greeting alone had Peen enough to bring back faith.

Any bishop or priest going through Venice was welcome in the Patriarchal. house.

Dislikes Applause He disliked applause. He made this known from the pulpit of St. :Mark's on the day of his en­ trance in Venice, recalling the sorrow of St, Pius X when on the day of his coronation in St. Peter's he (Pius X) heard the bumt of applause that he had previously said he did not want.

Cardinal Ronc'alli respected his collaborators, trusting them and encouraging them in their word. He listened carefully to their proposals but wanted to weigh them.

Whoever has lived with him knows the great wealth of his taith and the perfection of his attachment to the gospel. No artifice, no half measure, but "what is is, what is not is not.

However, he was able to recon­ cile this attitude with the gospel of _mercy, of pardon; with abso­ lutely no interest in honors; with love for the simple people; with a generous charity - not only with money but also givini

of himself to anyone who de­ served it, ,be he great or small.

Pope Sylvester I (314-335) started the building of some gi-eat churches: St. Peter's on Vatican Hill, St. Paul outSide the walls, and his own Cathedral, St. John Lateran, which he en­ titled: "Omnium Urbis et Orbis Ecc1esiarum Mater et Caput, the Mothe ~ - I Head of all the Church of Rome and of t:he World."

• • • To Dis Eternal Reward

POPE JOlIN The end the Holy with the so iustly

is but truly Father has everlasting and richly

xxm

the beginning ••• and entered into eternal life glories and rewards he earned.

IN MEMORIAM The

OLD RED BANK Fall

Ri,,~r

S.rin9s Bank

FALL RIVER

'Sergt. Roncalli' Saw War Evils As Chaplain

THE ANCHOR-Diocese of Fall River

A man of peace, Pope John XXIII knew the horrors of war at first hand. On two occasions he served hiscoun­ try. At the age of 20 he inter-. rupted his studies to volunteer' as an ordinary soldier for one year. Later, during World War I, he was recalled for military service from 1915 to 1919, first as a medical sergeant and later as a chaplain. '" Angelo Roncalli's first tenn of military service was with the 73rd Infantry Regiment of the Italian Army. On ~~" .. , .901, a few days after his 20th birth­ day, he interrupted his seminary studies to volunteer for one year. Six months later he was promoted to corporal and was discharged at the end of a year with the rank of sergeant. It is said that at the end of its train­ ing his platoon was rated as one of the best.

When Italy ent€ . red World

War I, he was recalled to duty,

May 24, 1915. At that time

Father Roncal1i and all other

priests who were drafted were

enrolled as medical orderli~s.

The future Pope John trained in

II military hospital and soon

wore the uniform of a sergeant.

He was sent off to the Austrian

front where he saw the horrors

of war at first hand.

In March, 1916, when the gov­ ernment agreed that priests should be enlisted l'." T'" "'Oary chaplains, with the rank of lieu­ tenant, Father Roncalli served in that capacity in various mili­ tary hospitals near Bergamo and in Turin, Italy, It was during this period of his career tha~ he grew a mustache, probably to offset his youthful looks. At the end of four years' lIervice, he collected his accumu­ lated back pay, stating that he planned to use it for the student house which he intended to POPE RECEIVING BISHOP CONNOLLY IN PRIVATE AUDIENCE found upon his return to Ber­ gamo.

Moving Experiences In a letter to the president of the Association of Italian Chap­ mins, in 1956, the then Arch­ bishop Roncalli, Patriarch of and benign. He was a man to Roncillli's father was a share­ trained theologian, he thought Continued From' Page 1 .

Venice, recalled his war experi­ whom people warmed instantly. cropper in Sotto il Monte, not in. concepts but in terms of ences. stating: "1 am grateful for his physicians by regaining con­ In the Papacy, he asked to be nestled in the greeri foothills of fundamental humanerperiences. everything to the Lord" * * but 1 sciousness for several hours be­ known not as a diplomatic, poli­ the Alps in the ~art of the pro­ The central and presiding fact especially thank Him for the fact fore lapsing ag,ain into a coma. tical or learned Pope, but as the vince of Bergamo. In his heart, that when 1 was 20 years old He During that time he spoke lucid­ about him was that he liked Good Shepherd, defending good­ p(}pe John never left Sotto il people. The Ecumenical Council willed that 1 should do my mil­ 'ly, speaking to his three brothers, ness and truth.

Monte. itary service, and then, during sister, and three nephews in the was a reflection of his intense Dynamism As for any suffering caused by desire to bring the Catholic the First World War serve again Bet'gamese diaIect. He thanked He turned his back on the past. his illness, the Pontiff remarked Church into contact with the as II sergeant and chaplain. What his physicians, at one point re­ Inside the Church, he encour­ that a lifetime of rich memories outside world, to make it mQr~ • knowledge of the human soul marking. "Well, we're still here." one gains that way!

He invoked often the name of aged an invigor·ating flood of was a potent enemy of pain. He responsive to the needs of "What experience and what Jesus, saying, "With death we ideas. To the world outside the said he had so many satisfactions human beings everywhere.

Church, he offered friendship in his life upon which to dwell Historic ~lission grace were given to me to dedi':' begin life with Christ." and conciliation. that it was difficult to think His historic mission was to Sense of Unity elite myself, to understand life about personal distress.

His dynamism seemed to be a endow the Christian faith witb and the priestly apostolate."

Pope John was a humble Ber­ heritage of his robust peasant Neither an intellectual in the a new spirit and in this, he SI!C­ Again, in one of the first audi­ gamo peasant who will be re­ . Turn to Page 6, col. 1 ences of his pontificate, on Nov. membered by the ages, giving background. Angelo Giuseppe mode of Pius XII nor a highly !6, 1958, Pope John told mem­ the world at large what neither bers of the British Common­ science nor diplomacy could wealth War Graves Commission: provide: a sense of its unity as "'Your presence first of all a human family. evokes in our mind memories He will be remembered as the which are distant, but still re~ Ecumenical Pope, setting· in main among the most moving motion ideas and forces that will experiences of an already long affect not only all Christians life. but the whole world's population "The high plateaus of Asiago long after the secular concerns and those lands washed by the of this tense, yet hope-filled Piave River, endeared to you by time, have dimmed. graves of so many of your In world affairs, Pope John countrymen, were familiar to Us did not believe his role was to during World War I years when denounce or assail, but to uti­ We functioned- there as military lize the full moral power of the ehaplain. We brouiht aid to so Papacy for the objective of a just many (~ the wounded. To many peace under law.

A great and humble mon who labored fruit­ 01. the dying We brought comfort His encyclical, Pacem in Ter;., and the peace of final absolution. ris (Peace on Earth), was hailed How many fell on the field of as the most powerful healing fully in the vineYOf'ds of. The lord-with dignity, bonor!" word from any source in the Cold War. It was an importa.pt, love, courage and able I~adership. historic document, an eloquent advocacy of natural rights. .It was added evidence of a Pope John had a distinguished creative pontifierate a Ire a d y career as a diplomat as well as marked by the formidable en­ • pastor of souls. For eight years, cyclical, Mater et Magistra and 1945-1953, he was dean of the the convening of the Second Vatioan Council. diplomatic corps in Paris. Dur­ New Personality Ing that time he was active in war relief work and collaborated John proved himself an extra­ with the Vatican Information ordinary Pontiff. Elected near Bureau on Prisoners of War and 'the end of his life (he was 77), DOWNTOWN FALL RIVER Refugees. On January 15, 1953, and under shadow of a great lie received the red biretta of predecessor, he came before the the cardinalate from Vincent world as a new and appealing Auriol, then President of France. personality - informal, friendly

Influence of Remarkable Pontificate to Last Gave 'World Sense of Unity as· Human Family

• IN MEMORIAM •

Pope 10110 XXIII

Brilliance Marked Diplomatic Career

itizens

SAVINGS BANK4

,"

6

, ,THE ANCHOR-Diocese of Fall River-, "

Influence on World Christianity With New Spirit Continued From Page 5 eeeded. He was' intuitive, pierc­ ing the heart of a matter, with­ out taking the circuitous route of deeper 'and more discursive minds.

Shortly after his election he set out from the Va,tican one morning on the fiFst of a series of visits to Italian prisons. Asked by his aides to explain his pur­ pose, he answered simply:"Iot is somewhat more difficult for the prisoners to come to see me."

On another occasion the Pope left his car and waS strolling back to his apartment in the Vatican when a distraught priest . came up to him and begged his prayers for the paralyzed wife of a friend. The Pope said he eould do better than that; he would go to the stricken woman at her home.

Fresh Air The third incident illustrates Pope John's central purposes. A Canadian dignitary asked him to e,rplain the main objectives of his Papacy in general and the .Ecumenical Council in particular. Pope John stood up, walked to the window, opened it, and said: "What do we intend to do?

We inte'nd to let in a little fresh air."

Pope John was fluent in Italian, Latin, Turkish, Greek, Bulgarian and French and ac­ quainMd with' Russian. He usually used Italian or French in conversation with visitors. He learned a few English phrases.

He was the first' cigarette 5moking Pope. He had two a day. Another Pope who smoked was Piux XI. But his taste was for the Toscano, the strong, twisted Italian cigar, rather than • cigarette.

Name "Jobn" The Pope said' there were many reasons why he had picked the name John: His father's name was John. He wanted to show his esteem for John the Baptist. His See as the Bishop of Rome was the Basilica of St. John Lateran, He had been baptized in a church of St. John.

He had been Patriarch of the Archdiocese of Venice, whose patron saint is St. John Mark.

He broke many precedents.

When a seven-year-old Ameri­ can girl suffering from leuke­ mia, went to Rome with the hope of seeing him, he broke with centuries of t I" a d i t ion and granted her an extraordinary private audience. Traditionally, 5uch audiences are restricted to diplomats and other high offi­ cials. He spent 40 minutes with the girl. Language was no barrier. He smiled at her and she smiled back. Translators did the rest.

Humanity One of the characteristics of Pope John, often commented on, was his humanity. The bald, benigh-looking, portly spiritual leader of the world's Roman Catholics was unfailingly af­ fable, with a quick smile and ready wit.

But he was, first of aB, a priest in the purest sense of the word.

He moved with an energy that belied his age. He was older at the time of his election as Pon- ' tiff than any Pope in 228 years.

Clement XII was 78 when be became Pope in 1730 and reigned for 10 years.

For a moment he was not Pope John but Sergeant Roncalli. That was the day when he received Xtalian prelates attending a meeting of the Italian episco­ pate. Among those present was Bishop Arrigo Pintonello, Chief chaplain of the Italian army, wearing the insignia, cif a gen­ ,eral.

Audiences Pope John walked among the Bishops, letting each 'one kiss his ring. When he came to Bishop Pintonello he suddenly lDapped to attention, saluted and smilingly said: "Sir, Sergeant Roncalli at your command." As a chaplain in the medical corps in World War I. he had a ser­ geant's rank.

He restored the system of calendar a u die nee s, regular meetings with the heads of the Church's Congregations. Pope Pius, in his last years, 'did away with the aUdiences, cailing in the Congregation h,~ads only, when he wanted to see them.

Pope John always had a'talent for study and thirst for know­ ledge. He gained an early know­ ledge of the administrative structure of the Oatholic Church as, personal secretary tf) Bishop Radini-Tedeschi of Bergamo. He also gained, experience as _a teacher, giving a course in ec­ clesiastic history at the Bergamo seminary. ' .

Vatican Assignments

Out of his research in the archives of the Milan curia and the· Ambrosiana library came' the first volume of a history, "La visita apostolica di San Carlo Borromeo nella Diocesi 'di Bergamo nel 1575. Later he was to write six more volumes, each about 600 pages long.

After World War I he began a series of Vatican assignments . which brought praise from three Popes.

Pope Benedict XV gave him the task of reorganizing the machinery of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, which directs the worldwide missionary activities of the Church. Pius XI sent him to foreign missionary centers.

Consecrated a Bishop in 1925, he was transferred to the Vati­ oan's di,plomatic service, in which he remained for 28 years.

His first post was as Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria. Then in 1934, he moved to Turkey as Apostolic Vicar and Delegate. . At the same time, he was made Delegate to Greece. He remained in the BalkaflS through the first years of World War II. Late in 1944, Pius XII sent him to liberated Paris as Papal Nuncio. ' He set out mending fences. He was a seasoned diplomat. He had the quality of joviality. The combination ins u red success.

Church-State difficulties were soon straightened out.

Patriarch Pope John bad many friends in France. When he was elected Pope, Frenchmen remembered him with affection and spoke as if a French prel,ate had been chosen for the Papacy. He 'was in France for eight years. He was made a Cardinal onJan. 12, 1953 and named Patriarch of Venice.

A procession of goodolas carried Cardinal Ronoolli through the Grand Canal when he took over his See. He loved Venice. He often walked around the city, brows­ sing in bookstores. In the sum­ mer, he returned to Sotto il Monte for a few weeks vacation.

At his coronation as Pope on Nov. 4, 1958, in a glittering medieval ceremony, Pope John seemed embarrassed at his new role. When the Cardinals first paid homage to him, he said to one: "Pardon me if I appear to be self-conscious. I must get used to this new state of things.

Yesterday I was a Cardinal. To­ day I am the Pope. Pardon me."

The night of his coronation Pope John received 15,000 Italians from his home province of Bergamo and from Venice.

His surviving b 1" 0 the 1" sand sisters were in the group.

He spoke to them .of the thoughts which ran through his mind as the three-tiered papal crown was placed on his head.

He wept.

"You will understand," he told them," the name of John - the gravity of the task, the respon­ sibility of a poor son of a humble

land laborer who must now sus­

tain the heavy burden of the Pontificate, but who does it with ancient faith in the ancient prin­ ciples which are the foundation of Christian life."

He set stern and sizable ob­ jectives for himself and the Church. He wanted t<l see, the world become a fur safer and nobler a'boq,e for man.

POPE WALKING TO STATION CHURCH IN LENT

Cardinal Chamberlain Guides Process Officio lIy Verifies Death of Pontiff Continued From Page 1 Although ibe Church Is plunged deep into sorrow over the pontiff's death a corps of Vatican officials begins imme­ diately on the work to name his suc<:essor, a process' climaxing in a secret' conclave of world's, cardinals.

the

'!line cardinal chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church guides this process. This chamberlain, or camerlengo, is Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi Masella.

The Cardinal chamberlain's job requires him 10 take imme­ diate possession of the Holy See's proper,ties and administer the temporal rights and goods of the Church.

~e report CUUlS.

of attending physi­

The cardinal chamberlain had • new duty added to his respon­ sibilities by an October, 1962, instruction of Pope John. ' This charged him with pre­ venting any person from taking photographs of the pontiff as be was dying or after he was dead.

Photos may be taken of a' de­ ceased pontiff for reasons, of proof or testimony, but only with the cardinal chamberlain's express permission and only if the pope is dressed in pontifical robes.

Vicar General This instruction was designed

to avoid repetition of a perform­ ance similar to that of Pope

Pius XII',s personal physician It is he who officially verifies . who photographed the Pontiff the death of a pope by visiting and turned, the pictures over to the death scen~ and receiving newspapers and magazines.

After verifying the death, . .

C'hamberlain officially notifie. the vicar general of Rome wile announces the demise to the peo­ ple of Rome. The vicar is C. mente Cardinal Micara.

The chamberlain then giv. orders for other necessary noti­ ,fications to be made., The diplo­ matic corps, for example, is otft-, cially informed by the papal secretary of state, an act whicJa is the secretary's last official job, because his office is not jur" dictional, but administratiw under the direction of a livinal pope. The secretary is Amle&e Cardinal Cicognaili, longtime Apostolic Delegate in the United States.

Word is then sent from lIIe' Vatican to all cardinals to come to Rom.e for the conclave .. elect a new Pope.

Turn to Page '7, col. 2

Requiescat in Pace

•ANGELO RONCALLI

PONTIFEX MAXIMU~' JOHN XXIII

qJ,lME.ReH.AN."TS

CJ'IatiotuLe BANK

NEW BEDFORD

.-~'

lItE ANCHOR-Diocese of Fan River-

I

•.

7.

HIS HOLINESS POPE JOHN XXIII AND PILGRIMS FROM FALL RIVER DIOCESE IN 1960 0

Significant Titles Dignify Office

Of Papacy

Like worldly rulers, the Pope has many titles and officialn a m e s. Although known 'affeCtionately to his millions of subjects simply as tneH6ly Father, his full appel­ lation, as given by the Catholic Directory, is His Holiness the Pope, Bisbop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor to St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Univer.

Illa1 Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Arch­ ,bishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign 'of Vatican City.

The, Pope received his last­ named title, Sovereign of Vat­ ican City, February 11, 1929 when' a' concordat witb Italy granted bim complete and inde­ pendent authority to rule in hi,s own possession. Within Vatican City tbe authority of the Pope is recognized as supreme. The city : has its own post office, stamps, ,police department and all other services necessary for its oper-,. : .UOD.

Cardinals Hold Preparatory Congregations Daily

Apostolic. Constitution Details Method of Procedure

Continued From Page 6 11. Read such documents as Faculties Continue The day after tbe pope's death, may have befm 'left by tbe dead The ordinary faculties of the those members of the College of pope for" the cardinals.

Roman congregations-that is, Cardinals who are in Rome ,be. ~2. Break the fisherman's ring those which they exercise with­ gin to hold daily meetings called and the die for the official seals out' having resource to a pope­ "preparatory congregations." used in the Apostolic Chancery. continue during the interregnum.

Funeral Arrangement.

If, . bowever, 'a case should 13. Draw lotS for cells during What the cardinals are to do in the conclave,- exceptions being arise tn wbicb it is necessary to ,these meetings is detailed for made for the 'advanced age or have recourse' to a pope and them in an aPostolic constitution infirmity of individual cardinals. which cannot be deferred, the written, by Pope Pius XII. It is 14. Fix the date for entrance 'Sacred College can declare the entitled "Vacantis Apostolicae into conclave. prefect of the congregation in­ Sedis" (Of the Vacant Apostolic volved, plus another cardinal, , Administration See.) competent to take joint action.

In the meantime, the govern­ Even sucb a move is provi.

Thl.s directive says the Car­ ment activities of ,the Holy See sional, however, for their deci. dinals must: 1. Read the complete text of continue, but only the absolutely . sion must be submitted to the the constitution, after which necessary business is dealt with. new pope after bis election.

This administration is con­ each cardinal takes an oath to Papal chamberlains-the very ducted by the cardinal chamber. reverend monsignors-lose their abide by it. ,2. Elect a chamberlain if that lain. He acts with the advice of rank with tbe pOPe's death. They a committee' of three cardinals, can regain it only by reconfirpost is, vacant. . 3. Make arrangements to be. the deanS of each order of the . mation by the ~ew pope, an act gin -the conclave a5 sooO: as pos- three in the Sacred Coliege­ usually performed. sible. . bishops, priests and deacons. In During the interregnum, the 4.' Fix the' day and manner for extraordinary matters, he can papal masters of ceremonies, taking the pope's body to St. consult with the entire college. whose office does not cease, but While some titles with which becomes in some respects more . Peter's basilica for the final re.

Cardinals are invested lapse important, performs the task spects of the faithful. witb the death of the pope; the papal chamberlains would . 5. Arrange for the nine fu­ neral Masses and determine the others do not to assure that normally hancUe. .time for the first six meetings Churcb business will be attended Conclave to. of tbe cardinals.

Cardinals must enter into con­ ,6. Designate Who will give For example, the cardinal pen. clave to elect a new pope' within the eulogy ;fo~ the dead pope and itentiary retains his post. He 15 to 18 days after the pontiff's the exhortation for ,the choosing continues to· decide on cases of death. This time'was established of a new pontiff. conscience, his main function. by Pius XI in ·a 1922 decree en­ 7. Designate the day for the He is the only cardinal who is titled "Cum Proxime." reception of the diplomatic corps .entitled during the secret con­ Previously, according to a 1904 and the Knights of the Holy cl-ave to receive letters which are ruling of Pope Sl Pius X, the Sepulcher. ;not first opened and examined conclave was to· start after the 8. Name committees of two by the secretary of the college nine days given over to the fu. or three cardinals each for ex­ and custodians of the conclave. neral honors for a dead. pope. amining the, needs of the con. clavists, for naming the persons to be admitted to the conclave, for constructing and sealing off the area of the Vatican Palace 'which will be usedfr the con­

clave and for assigning cells.

9. Examine and approve ap-­

propriations for the expenses of

the conclave.

10. Read letters from heads

of state, reports from apostolic

nunciOB and all that may be of

interest in any way to the Col­

lege of Cardinals.

Served as ,Seminary

History Prof~ssor

- Father Angelo' Roncalli (Pope'

John XXIII) served as secretary

to Bl.shop Giacomo Radini Te­

deschi of Bergamo for 10 years,

beginning his service at age 24.

During that time he was also

.,professor, of' ecclesiastical histoJ;'Y in the Bergamo seminary.

" BEAD: Benedet'to Cardinal .Aloisi Masella, Bishop of PalSummus Pontifex ,i_trina and member of the ,The Pope I.scalled the "Sum­ ': mus Pontifex," the SuprelTle : Vatican Curia, will, as Oam- Pontiff. It is commonly known . erlengo (Ohamberlain) of the that the office of Pontiff stems ,

Holy Roman Church, adminlater the affairs of the the vacancy · ,C h ureh durmg in the papacy.

from the days of. the .Roman Re. public. He was the civil engineer

who built, bridges. The word

ICpoos"'in Latin means a "bridge"

and. with "facere", "to make"

Uut el;ymolojf¥ clear.

As the number of cardinals bl parts of the world far distant from Rome increased, however, tbis meant that it was virtually impossible for tbem to get to Rome in time. Thus, Pius XI ex­ tended the time to 15 days and gave the cardinals authority to extend it to 18 days if necessar;r.

Before entering the conclave, the cardinals attend tbe Mass of the Holy Ghost, celebrated by the dean of the Sacred College, Eu­ gene Cardinal Tisserant. They hear a discourse on tbe election of a' new pope, usually given by the secretary of briefs to princes.

Each cardinal may take two persons with him into the con­ clave. They may be one clerical or lay assistant, and a personal attendant. If a cardinal decides to take only one person, it must be a layman acting as his per­ sonal attendant.

Conclave Affairs The affairs· of the conclave currently are governed by two documents. The first is the 1945 apostolic constitution of Pope Pius XII entitled "Vacantis Apostolicae Sedis." The other is an October, 1962, series of amendments and new instruc­ tions published by Pope John.

It is called "Summi Pontificis Electi."

Pope John's document has changed the system of voting.

Previously, the requirement WIUI a vote. of two thirds plus one.

The new rules require a Turn to Page 8, col. 2

THE,' ANCHOR- ' '.

'.

I

" Msgr~'A.:P.' Vieira

'.

Life Spans Reign' Of Seven Popes

Burning 'Fiber Warning Sign At Ceremony

Rt. Rev. Antonio P. Vieira, of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Church, New Bedford, and the oldest priest in the Fall

In 'the midst of the porn!) surrounding the coronation eeremonies of John XXIII's successor, the' Church will

River Diocese, has lived in the pontificates of seven popes.

Born in 1866 and ordained a priest in 1888, Monsignor Vieira is still active in' the admiI)istra­ tion of his parish, in instructioft work and in carrying out the full duties of the pastoral priest.­ hood.

Born during the pontificate of l'ope Pius IX, he has lived in the succeeding pontificates of Leo XIII, St. Pius X, Beendict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII' and John XXIII.

BOund a note of warning. A priest will halt the ceremonies, dis­ playing a piece of smoking 00-:­ kum, a fibre of humble origin obtained by ,untwisting old hempen ropes; Indicating the smoke the priest will cry in Latin, "Sic transit gloria mundi," "'rhus passeth the glory of the world." And so a warning against worldly vanity is thus given to the Pope at the crowning moment of his life, as it is to every, Christian during Ash Wednesday' c ere m 0 n i e s when the faithful are admon­ ished to remember that they came from and are returning to ,the dust.

Bishop Connolly, Statement

In Memoriam'

Continued from Page One God 'for man shone 'through I POPE MAKING ICOUNCIL PLANS WITH CARDINALS

Christ's Vicar, and that all men of good will re~dily recognized , it. ' On.e promise Pope John made HIS BOLINESS when' he 'succeeded to the Pap,. , ecy. 'He would be a pastor. And POPE JOHN XXIII , the 'sick,the iinpri$oned, the , poor,' whether old or 'young, , quickly found him true to his Continued Froni" Page "oj , tion, 'the canopies' over the seats He gathers up the wrltlngs

'promise. He led his mithful simple two-thirds'majoritY. How­ of all cardinals except the pope­ turned in by the cardinals in

, daily' in praYer. He set them an , ever, it is specified that if the elect are lowered by the master conclave, puts ,them in 'sealed 'example of simple devotion. He total number of cardinalspre8~ of ceremonies. parcels and takes them to the . opened many a door for sure and ent cannot be divided into three ~[1he new pope is escorted to Vatican archives where they will 1881-1963' .incere approach to the Throne - equal parts, one vote more than an adjacent room where he is be preserved. ' , of God. His preaching and his a simple two-thirds is demanded. clothed in papal garments, pre'; Then he must write a report Encyclicals were expressions of.

Voting takes place in the vie,usly prepared in a variety of , regarding the results of the votes ),his own solid piety, shrewd judg­ famed Sistine chapel. It is by siz.es. The 'cardinals then advance at each of the conclave sessions. , ments, and complete dedication secret ballot. Two ballots are to pay their first homage.

This report must be approved by ,to the cause of peace among taken each morning and evening Appoints Chamberlain the cardinal dean and, like the , men. How truly he sensed men's until' a new pope 'is chosen. No Next, the new pope confirms cardinal's writings, is to be pre­ , needs, and 'how, surely he spel­ cardinal can vote for bimself. or appo~ts the cardinal cham. served in' thE! archives as an his­ 'led. out real remedies can 'be Pope John repealed an earlier berlain, who puts on the pope's torical document. , noted in the reception given at requirement of excommunica­ finger the papal ''fisherman'.

Elected tor Lite OF every level to his two latest en­ tion for cardinals who, without ring." eyclicals: Mater et Magistra, and being prevented 'by reasons of ~l'his is followed by the dra­ None of these documents can , Pacem in Terris: AlmightY God health, do not meet to vote after matic appearance of the senior bas manifestly used good Pope the bell announcing a balloting cardinal deacon 'before people be consulted by anyone without the permission of the reigning John as a means to point the bas sounded for the third 'time. gathered in St. Peter's Square pontiff.

Pop'e John also ruled that the anli listening on radio and , way to Truth, Justice, Charity and Freedom to all who would conclave is ended by the elec­ watching on television to an.

A pope is elected for life, al­

, organize the individual,life and tion of a new pope. He knew that nounce the name' of the n'ew though he may resign if he

, society according to ,the pattern after his own election many per­ , pope. The senior cardinal deacon chooses. In theory, any, male

.- of the two commandments that sons entered the conclave area is Alfredo Cardinal Ottaviani.

Catholic can be elected pope.

East Freetown, Mass. to . extend congratulations and While the Catholic world re­ , sum up the Law and the Proph­ ShOUld a layman be chosen, ,he

technically incurred excommu­ joi,~es, the man who has guided ets. would have to be ordained and

the Church during the interreg­ It is a gad experience to look nication since the 'conclave was then consecrated as a bishop. In

not officially ended until' tile num, the cardinal chamberlain, practice, selection of a layman

110 someone for so much-as we following day. 'still faces more duties.' is unlikely.

~ have come to rely on Pope John , -and to lose him. Did we have Burun Ballots , it in our power, we would all Although Pope John demanded wish to prolong a life that that the cardinals in 'conclave , seemed so significant. But we 'must turn in all of their writ­ , should not fail our spiritual fa­ ings, such as a personal tally of ,ther. He was subject to God's the votes, the bailot!! still will , Will. He offered his life for the be burned, with the world IlUccess of the Ecumenical Coun­ watching the puffs of smoke cil, for the Church -and the cause from the conclave to see if a of peace. His vision was always pope has been chosen. much bigger than ours, Well When a vote fails to produce might we who feel his loss re­ a decision, the ballotS are fuse to yield to unavailing grief, burned in a stove with' damp but look up trustingly to a mer­ straw.' This is designed to pro­ ciful Father in heaven of whom duce a heavy black smoke and , we ask eternal rest for, our be­ let people in S1. Peter's Square loved Father in Christ, and the know that the voting continues. love and loyalty for each one of The ballots from the vote on ourselves to follow £aithfuHy which a 'pope' is' chosen are where he walked before us. burned without damp straw, pr9-.

And as we lament' our heavy ducing iight-colored smoke loss, let us not fail to seek from and the signal that a successor the Holy Spirit comfort, and has been chosen.

His prudent, able ste~ardship of The Lord's ' light and guidance .upon all those Chooses Name who will bear in ~he weej{s work is concluded, but the magnitude and ahead the awesome respotlsibil-' . To hasten selection of 'a pope; the ~ardinals are cut off from the ity of choosing one to raise up sagacity ~f the exemplary deeds of His Holiness and carryon the 'burden' where world. No one is allowed to en~ ter or leave: . .

Pope John has ll:lid'it down. . After three days, if 'UllSuccess­ will bear influEtnce for ages to come on the 'ful balloting continues, the .Pope Often 'Took­ amount , of . food supplied the minds of men.

Surprise Wa'lks~ -, : conclavists is, cut dOWn. At one , From time to time, Pope' John - tilne, ',the cardinals were forced to live on only bread, wine and , caused a certain amount of con­ ...\ . aternation to his aides when theY , water after, five days, but this ',' ...... was abolished long ago. ' : went ,to his study and found , 'that he, was not there, having When a candidate has received gone .:for a'll unexpected walk the required number of votes, he is asked by the; cardinal nean , around Vaticim City. , He was also used to going for whether he will accept election ' I'ides without notifying Italian and by what name he wishes to , officials so that his' car, would be known.

Since the time of JOM XII, receive an escort of honor F~ II.VEa :through Rome. One of his last who died in 964, each' Pope rides outside the Vatican was takes a new name in imitation to Rome's new airport to watch of St. Peter's change of name. the jets. ' If the candidate ac'cepts elee-

Hold S'eeret Vote' in Sistine Chapel Election of New Pope Ends Conclave

Our .Lady'

Good Counsel ,Retreat' League

"Requieseat In Pace'1

Pope John XXIII

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DURfEE, :TRUST , CO.

/,Many:;. Cq".lJtries Have Scint Sons To Noly See~'

,·9

Desire of Unity Deep • Seated

The successor of Pope J ohlt will be, according ~ most reckonings, the 264th occupant of the throne of Peter..

The interest of Pope. lohn ill Christian unity is deep-seated. !'rom the time of his first ser',mon in Bulgaria in 1925, as Archbishop Roncalli, he has been preaching and writing Oil Church unity. It is not surprising, therefore, that the former ApoStolic Delegate to Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece-in his first Christmas message as pope-included an eloquent plea for unity between the Christians of East and West.

fte teignin6 Pope is a cfttzen of . . countrj. He becomes the Ilead of the Vatican State.

Throughout . the centuries.

Mwever, JIllU1Y lands hue beeIl zepresentedin the papacy. ItaIT leads with 2iO Popes. Next is !'rance with 15•. Nine Popes line been Greek. seven ~, and five Asiatic:.

Africa has sent three SODlI to tile supreme Office. .. has Spain.

Two Popes have been DeJmatIons and one each Tbraclaa.

Dutclt, Portuguese and BngIish.

Some doubt exists abOut the _tionality 01. very Popes.

POPE

ear""

of

PEACE

Krushchev Sent 'Cable to Pope An historic event took place ,.rerday wIleD. it was revealed by'the Ruadan ~ews ~ 6at Premier Kblusbchev had ~t a message to the dyiDC Pope .John exp~ wishes for bU recovery.. .The Pope; in his monum.erital encyclical Peace OIl Earth, It.ad

til"

VICAR UNITING WITH CHRIST AT DAILY MASS

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POpe'S Constant and Ardent Prayer

World peace was 8 constant In the first encycUcal letter his encyclical of .sept. 26, 1958, ~ of Pope .John of his pon~ate,• POpe. ·.Jo~ Grata Recordatio (Grateful ~ for were aspirations coJn- XXIII. He made impassioned pleaded for CliristiaJ:!. unity and. " Memory), he .urged prayers that l mon tp(,aU.~~juat~ce, pleas for peace in an hie munded a warning of the uni. "the men reJlponsible for the tile world'. IOOCI, dlgnity-but . . . ., hopes that would be reali~, Chr~ messages to the~.ld. versal devastation that would destinies of nations. great and only in the teae:bings 01. .Je8U He rene"!_' this appeal with result ftom 'nuclear war.' "'the lIIIl8U • • • may a'ttenti've1y assess .;. 'deep fee1mg OD more tban 30 'letter, dated .June 8,1959, 'and 'the serious duty i)f the preSent ; Chr~ J'~" pontifkate seeRl- . other ~n.s: in audiences; on'ei1tiU~ Ad' Petri C8thedriu:n hour." '. ' .. ,'" , ell to indiea. a QeW approach' the radiO and ill solemn do<:u(At the <;:hair of Peter) declared A.eriea that the ......_'"' .... makin- to: MeRta. ' that "God ereatednien 'nOt ..

'-'UU&-.:u Eo, enemies but .. brothers. Be On Dec. I, 1950, Pope .John rethe commUDisl wwld. - in<li.fa Fin& A...... cave them the earth to be culti- ceived in audience President _tion streDgthened tII7' ~.. the .& early .. Oct. 21, 1951, one -ted b" toil -and ener.BisenhoWer, who was on an ak in' s --'.nft. of _ ..__....._....

•• , cu' .... , t P- . .'''''''''''JEUD-UlIUC.lJeV after his election as pope' in ..., tha."..;u t -_I. ' ,mig ' ht terna ....in-law III • vate~.. and every one . inional KOOdwill tour. Spe I ' . ~Ule firSt pubUe address of J1q take &oar it its fruits and what- mg . English, the Pope w d after the Pope had teceived tile pontificate, be called upon tile ever should be necessary for hie him he rejoiced to see the ADlerBaIzaD. Peate PriJIe reeeatly. world's rulen to hear and make IJUstenance and general needs is iean nation striving "toward the \ pOsitive reply to the appea1lt of life." lofty ideals of 810yal and effectheir people for peace tive concorcl between nations."

On that occasion he 'asked the "8eriou Da~' '"'.l'he Catholic Church, whose pa . ' rulers' of llll natioaa: "Why Peace and concord IUIlOIlg u- constant )'eatning is the eStab$GtJlttnot disc()I'ds and dilIBcree- ;t!onawUoaeOf fi,"'intentiolW lishment 01 true peace between : Whether 'W. eustoIIi.. or oo.s- ' ftlents be fina1ly.composed,equi-' • fw ,whl~ .PoPe.Joh,n ukecLthe . peoples, eannot but greet with tume, Pope .John' XXIII can't he '" '-bIT!· Why should the ~ , joy every sincere effort direCted. taeeed as h" v.atican colleaguee . 01. human genius aad the riebes faitbf....to recite the RiJAry tOward that end and wish it· the know all tOo, wen. .. ' i fJl the peoples turn more often 'dur-inC the month of oetober~ Ia . meat consoling S1icce9S"~ he aid.

worLt that

fibe7

UNITY

Deep.Emotion Marked Pleas for Peace

made references to Commun.i_ In. kigdly . . . . ~tJc;Unc and the '.hat

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1881-1963

Holy Cross Fathers RBTREAT HOUSE .NORTH EASTON

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iDlRrwnenta of death and de;. .aIting 8 peI'lIODlI1 'risit. to in- .*'action tbaD 10 iDereuinc . .tes of seftI'al of BaaM!'. kOI- . the welfare of III classes of ",tals and prisoas. eitizeDs, tlDd· .particularly_the And in Aqut 1959. he peorer

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JOHN- XXIU

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cJas8es,..

In ,-Memoriam

·=i:' :;. ~w=es: .. ~e first publk repiy from . . hat and. red Morocco 1_l1er chief of state- to lohn'.

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aoes.

The Pope ordered the leather shoes because his habit ef. talring frequent waIka made Ilia red velvet alippers impracti_1. As for the white bat, a book-

Pope" first appeal for peace came from U; S. President Dwight D. Eisen-

bower. In a letter sent through I taU his persona represen ves to the coronation ceremonies, Gen. Eisenhower declared: "I share with you the fervent desire for 'a peaceful solution of the momentous problems which beset

-let issued by the prefect of Apostolic Ceremonies does not Jnclude such a chapeau in ita Hat of apparel for a pope. In mankind." ftferring to his white bat, Pope Christmas Messa&"e lohnBaid, "'Now who knows, what the, will 87'" In his first Christmas message 'to.'the world, delivered over 'Vatican Radio on :Dec~ 23, 1958, Pope John pleaded for efforts toward peace ·by men of good will and called for Christian unity in the face of men of ill will.

Again early ii\ his pontificate, Pope John in his first Easter Message. (Mareb 28, 195t) reminded the world'. rulers &heir great responsibility to Work for peace. "Weoffei II .PTer that petICe, the daghter 'if aentleness and' good' will. , ...... .efiabJillh a lastinC rule ....... nationa, made ever BIlXleNs by the clouds whicll' repeatedly dar ken the hPriQR. " We )tI'q for the beau of . . . . jeiaed witIl U. III nt'OPiziDc -.at tIteir bitIl eaWDg . .bUsbes ..... Bet . . judCea, but -1Uides ef. ttae JHldoM...

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Title Pope Greeor7 the Great, (580IN) inaugurated a pbrue, thereafter emploT-eei by llll Popes, ..

• pity the true spirit fill the papal office: "SerYUs 8er'9'OrtIM. Dei, The ServaIlt of the ServaIlt8 of God."

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Church Permits , Election of Any

The CIOat-ol.-annS ..." Pope Ioha XXIII reflects his originS in Sotto n Monte and· his connectiona with. the. prlWince of Berpmo .... the clt7 of Venice. .

The tower is adapted from the lloncaDi crest painted GIl tile InDtiQ' home in Sotlu n KOBte. n.e fleurs--de-Ds are the emb1elR of the marbT Alexander. patr:ola III. 'the Bergemo dioceae. Veoke' . .. qmbolizecl by a winced Bon eanying aD open book: OIl tIae IM8es of whidl. are written tbeBe WOI'ds: "Pax Ubi,. Marce. ~

Male as Pope A married ManClMlld be' a Pope! Strictly speaking, 8D7 baptized male who has attai"edthe use of reaSon eoald fill the office of the Supreme Pontift.. 'ftds is beeaue the law ob1i.gmc celibacy lIpoD the clergy is not of divine iastttution, and cCOUldbe aftet'ed.

Should a 1apIan be dIo8eIl, he would have to be ordained aDd eoosecrated as the Pope ..

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(Peace . . ,.....

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Bishop of Rome.

It is not likelJ'. oo.ever, that the successor 10 PopeJ'9hD will . be dtoseo fzOm. aoyone but the · ~ of the CoD.i~ of Cu'dinaJs. I"or more Cbaa . . ,.ears Popes haft heea elected. from. that bod;y. . !for is it poea....e fora Pope tilt Dominate his SIlIlCCelJllOr, altIIough be 1D87 lIpGa whom he WOBld like abe eboice \Ie fall. But the seleetioD III • dead Pope bas DO bindinC force, since be DO 100ger posseolllell &11tIaority to JecUI*.

.. ·In Memoriam

mdica.e

Pope Johnlssuecl ·Eight Encyclical~ .During the.1our aDd '~De.-haIt )ears of hill pontif"teale, .Pope . .JObD. issued eight eoeydieals,

·among which Mother ;and Teacit'. • (Mater et JIagistra) aDdPatce _ Earth (Pacem ill TerTia) atand as amoag the most .cnifi- .. cant doemneDtii fter reieue4 bT any Pope.

POPE WORKING AT BBSI( IN PALACI: · .'DIe tint eaqdieal. .l'felll' . . ...... , Chair of Peter (.June . , 1. ._ '1fM' appeal ta ......,.

'Cluistians to reunite witll ~ C'h0reh, .

'I'be secood. I"nRn tile BeciIlIDe of Our PriesIbood (AC...

1Ii5t) commem..vated theceat.e.weIl- .WUle 01 tbeit Be ma.-.e ~ of the Cure of AIlt and 4ealt Ristoriaal.-aT reconl Pope J!lad7 Ie IdE rei,Ia Pope ... with pries87 aspirations. Ute· .I..... xxm .. the '?ope otUte .....Ieas. SIaOrtly after· Jais eIeo- ~ Iraa --.e of . - tnpriest's need 01. prQ'eI'. . . . . . . . Second VaticaD. Couneil," BIll tioa as pontiff be told thea: tIltiaas aDd CIIIIItOmlI IItDowecI ." t-al zeal. millions thropPout the warlll his ~ , neB to Ibe ..... PeIip.... Pelle pctint iJl ~ .. eat ....... '. The third, eatitled Grateful win remember hJm as the '"Pepe ''If..,. you.. have a Pope it 0f'tiI!li. lie youw' ........,. . . .

• ~ (Sept. . . 1") a*N el the eom-oa. People!· .~a~r'. . . ~· . . 'fMIt of hill office Ia the V atbIIl the hithfal to necite tile a-ay .'. .. ... ~... lett buail . . ... rilit. _ .aiIbiC prient ··w • · ~October ... ipedal ia'-Oh:lhn n, r ... ofpoair . . . . '''tioolJ. " . .'nae . . of poor p s . ' lie - ~ becaU8e of iUs.a.-· . talkwitlt.· e-a thea,'" The Prince G i ~ (..... ,was. bona . . . . fanft-~ IIin . bIe.GriCIL.·Y_ ofteIl OIl l'eaIiae Ilow deep .. ail 10_ _ "Hili _paiae . , 1959) stre.ed the need for fathel' worked. . . a sbareenlpper. ia . . dUn fill W81'k:-en _ . . ttanlu file of aa.e , tnininC· nattN priests The third iD a famil7 of 11 dillPft WOft7' . . ..mct... .. tile CIuIIdl." . . . . . . . for' tile dreD (u.ree of. wilma dielI ia nil! .

It in aid .... 011 11k fIr.nt . . . ..... _.... lllf.anc)-) AaceJo Gi1ueppe Boa-

V~TICAN

John' XXIII Pope

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COlnmo~ Peopl.e

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Holy Father Son of Peasants

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.oiber aad 'l'eacber (1Iq 1S. _1) gave CIIriIltiaa prinripIN ~ tile .,eial-eea_';e ___ as eontaiMcJ in the..-it"-- I.....

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calli wan bGI'Il ill Sott.o D. JIcmte.

IlOI'them. I~. The fanIl house ~ he . . . born. OIl . . . S5.

1111. still beuw the motto .".. iU· dooI'. -obedientia et Pmt'"

The vigor of His Holineu Pope .Tohll. xxm amazed the entme world.

Elected the Supreme Ponti« of the Holy Roman Cburdl at Ute age of '76, he acceptieII and earried out his duties at • PlICle whieb .uid hue been a eftdit

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1Ite con.oeatiaa Gi Vatieaa 'H ell D, he iMnued UIe . . . . membersbip of tbe s.:n.& 0eI'I'M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-.iIeee of CoI'Ie. tit a, _ . aeat iIl1lae ....,. fill the P8IIea. hi«ltest in 1UstorF; canon'ieI ie wi\tl. lOl __ 'M/and 1. . . . . ·.i1lts, isnued eicbt eDe7C1kaLI.· ~ pari. ofttaly. TIIere' bU _med the first ~~gro, .lara-celie beerl One JCegti-ma n , oRe thIancl l'ilipiDe eudiDals.

JMd«', . . . . . POl1upelle.

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Pe(le· .Jolla XXID

tboucht returDIt. today wiUl partie81ar leI'Ce to ...t nu"Ill ...... full ~ aDlI· -.reet - jl1I'eaionI' tile tint _oliff Oa-.e

...

·~IOIIN~·

et FieNe

Early in his pontificate, when addressing a large group 01. fartne!'s meeting in Rome, Pope John said: "We find great. pleaSlUe in addressing you. ID lookinc at you one by one, We Ie-capture the serene lace. U10qIl .tamped wiitl such Weerin4s. of the IDOd people of the fie&lb with wIIoRt We !lave .... familiar

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peuoeid GIl tile IIelCOllY ~ _ daeeriae III tile *eel below. Aatoac tbea . . . ___ . . who ..... IaIowa to be a' __ lftuaW. lie . . sooa recaP'" by • friead who JdBa . . be was tiIeIe. "He .. a ....... .... he ....... what W!Odt ~ aDd rm dapping . . tile .... peopJe'. Pope."

(~"Peace).

Peeple

JIiaIIle,

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The Bterba1 Wisdom of God helped «ather wood and aided (RoY. 11. 1181) 'WU aooUlerllP- his father Ja the fields, lie peal for CbristiaD Unit,.. learned tile harder side 01., life To Do Penanee (.lu17 I, IM1} as he grew lIP on the l1uld. Be . . . a preparation for tbe Eeu- . often l'ecaIled his humble be.-.eoieal CouneiL ginnings. "'We -.ren! ~ but Finally. his.Peace OIl ll:aI1b. happy. We weft never aware of meased Ho1J' Thursday of this t.ekilig ~ . . he said. "In Tear, stands as oDe of the 1IlOIt truth we lacked n ~ 0Ul'lI historic documents of 1DlMienl was a. dipified and eontented times. poverty!' . .

Accomplishments Amazed Wo,ld

Pope_Cu~'"

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Tolling ChurCh Bells Proclaim Pope's .Death

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Roman Pontiffs Are Successors Of St. Peter

When John XXIII breathed his last, bells throughout the Diocese tolled 81 times, once for each year of his age. The

A 1 tho ugh believed throughout the centuries, the official teaching of the Church concerning the papal

bells will, be heard again the morning of the Pope',s funeral Mass in Rome. , Bells are so important a part of the Church's ceremonial pro­ cedure that in former times the ceremony of blessing them was known as the Baptism of the Bells. They are used at Mass, Benediction, and many other rites.

Many parishes ring the An­ gelus three times daily. In others the De Profundis bell is heard each evening, reminding the faithful to pray for the dead.

succession was not defined until the Vatican Council of 1870, which made the following state­ ments de fide: -­ St. Peter was appointed, by Christ visible head of the Church. .

He received from Christ a pri­ macy not only of honor, but ,of jurisdiction, that .is, he received from Christ s,Upreme authority to teach and govern the Church.

In virtue of the same divine institution St. Peter has a per. petual line of successors _in the Primacy. These suecessrs are the, Roman Pontiffs. _ .

Pontificate Ends Continued from Page One Innovations, revived customs long unused. He literaliy cap­ tured the imagination, and to a very large extent the affection, of the world. No other pontiff was ever listened to so attentive- ' ly by non-Catholics.

Activity Whirlwind Always one to get things done~ -to accomplish weig~ty and intri. cate tasks with great simplicity, he became a whirlwind of activ•. ity once he received the triple tiara of the ·papacy. Here are' highlights of his reign: He • • • Became .the first pope In 600 years to take the name of John.

• .,. Appointed, the day after his election, the first Papal Sec­ retary of State hamed In 14 years. ' • • • Within a month, broke a 400-year-old tradition by in. creasing the membership of the College of Cardinals from 70 to 75. Later he increased the num­ ber to 87.

• • • Named the first Negro, Japanese and Filipino cardinals.

• • • Visited jails and hospi. tals at Christrnastime, 8Bying: "Since you cannot come to see me, I have come to see you."

Outside Vatican .'., • Made frequent and some-

ANCHOR....;

.:"-

,estant Episc?pal Church of the U.S. • '" '" Received scores of other , non-Catholic ,religious leaders.

• '" • Becal11e the' first' individ­ ual'to receive the Balzan Peace Prize,· and in - three-part c~re­ monies ·of. its presentation, :l?e­ came the first pontiff to enter BIRTHDAl" AT MISSIONARY PROPAGANDA COLLEGE the Quirinal Palace in Rome since the fall of the Papal States Devotion to st.' .Joseph times 'unheralded journeys out. 'fitting red velvet eep trimmed in 1870. Th~· QUiriI1al; now. the side the Vatican. Often he min­ with white fur.

- • • Promoted devotion to St. residence of the ItaHanheads:of . ' Joseph, and inserted the name of state, was former'ly the residence gled with the working people in 'YiSits $hrlnee the foster father of Christ in the of the Popes. .the poorer sections of Rome. In the first four years of h'is pontifi­ • • • Made 'a 5O~i1e motor, Canon of the Mass. in a motu , , _ Vatican D cate, John XXIII drove out from , trip 'from Castelga~dolfoto Subi. proprio effective Dec; 8, 1962.

Vatican City almost 150 times.

• • • Received Mrs. Jacqueline aco.

• • • Received in 'audience • • • Traveled 400 miles by.' countless world figures, includ­ . Kennedy in ~arch, 1962, mar:k­ • • • Issued eight encyclical letters, including the' already , train to two famous Italian ingQueen Mother Elizabeth 'of ing the first tim~ the wife of an great Mater et Magistra and shrineS-:-Loreto and Assisi, the , England; Queen Elizabeth II and incumbent President of the U .. S. Pacem in Terris. . farthest' any pontiff had joUr- Prince Philip of England; U. S. was received in papal audience. p'ope John will probably be • • • ,Canonized 10 saints and neyed froin the' Vatican in- 105 President Dwight D. Eisenhower; advanced a half-dozeri other, years. and many other 'heads of state best remembered, however, -for having conyoked the Second causes to the beatification stage.

•• • Revived 200-year-old 'and heads of government. ' •• • Received England's Arch­ Vatican Ecumenical Council.

• • • Created 40 new cardinals. custom by personally leading on • • • Personally consecrated 14 foot the processions to stational bishop Geoffrey F. Fisher· of Hardly three months after hi. election, he announced his inten­ Canter~ury ,on Dec. 2, 1960. R Churches_ in Rome during Lent. missionary bishops.

• • • Restored an ancient prac. was the first time in over 400 tion to have the council, the first • • • Changed an old custom which bad the pope always' eat tice of personally washing the years that the spiritual leader of since 1870. When the first session alone. feet ofl~ clerics on Holy Thurs- the Anglican Church-and a pope opened, less than four year. afterwards, it turned out to' be .

• • • Introduced a white Sum- . day in the Archbasilica of St. - met. the ~e8t prepared for, the most Receives Leaders , mer bat and red leather shoes Johri Lateran, his cathedral (instead of red velvet slippers) church. This is in memory of ' . • '" Received -in' November, widely heralded, the largest 'a~d as papal attire. For Winter wear, Christ washing the feet of Ilia 1961, Bishop Arthur Lichtenber­ most closely followed meetln, . he revived the camauro, a tight- Apostles at the Last Supper. ger, presiding bishop of the Prot- of its kind ever held.

a

In Memoriam

POPE JOHN XXIII

-

The Good Shepherd

."

"There shall be one fold and one. Shepherd"

Diocesan .Co~ncil of St. Vin~ent d~-'Paul- Society

THE ANCHOR-l)iocese, of, FcI1I1tWer-

Pope John. Named Bishop Gerrard, '11 -Monsignori

By Patricia McGowan During his short reign, Pope .Tohn XXIII reached into the life of the' Fall River Diocese in many ways. Scores cherish ~is papal .blessing on the' occasion of their marriages, and many others have similar benedictions, ;imparted at the time Of, other special events, such as jubilees.

Highlighting pilgrimage mem­ ories for hundreds in the Dio­ eese are special Gr general audi­ ences with the Pontiff-and there is not one who did not share the' general warm affec. tion in which "Papa John" was held, ~o one who did not chuckle ever the many human stories told of him.

Among actions of Pope John, most important to the Diocese was the appointment Feb. 11, 1959 of Auxiliary Bishop James I. Gerrard, Titular Bishop of Forma, as aide to Bishop Con. nolly. Also named a Bishop by the late Pontiff was Most Rev. :.Toseph W. Regan. His appoint­ ment came in Feb., 1962 and he was named Titular Bishop of Isinda. He is Prelate Nullius of Tagum, Philippine Islands. A ,aati.ve of Fairhaven, he offered his first Solemn Pontifical Mass :8t St. Lawrence Church. New ,Bedford, May 19, 1962.

New Cardinals

Pil~age to Europe, led by ~

Bishop, and highlighted by an audience with the Pope.

In June, ,1962, following a Confirmation tour by the Bishop of U. S. Air Force bases in Europe and Africa, he once again had an audience with the Pope. In October he was in Rome again for the Ecumenical Council Laymen and women of the Diocese were also honored by Pope John. In 1959 Dr. Arthur F. Buckley, Russell E. Brennan, the late William S., Downey, Arthur C. Guimond, Aloysius .T. Kearns, Robert V. McGowan, H. Frank Reilly and Daniel F. SuI­ livan were named Knights of 'St. Gregory. The late William H. Bannon. already a Knight of Malta, was named a Knight MEDITATION Commander with Star of St. Gregory the Great.

In October and November of 1961 the late Miss Isabel H. Dearden and Miss Helen F. Burns were awarded the Papal Medal, Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice ,Pope John's addresses were by·Pope John. The recogniUon is almost always in anecdotal form for outstanding service to the and marked by touches of hu­ Church. mor. This often put the trans­ Also ill November of 1961, latorS in a quandry as they ~ven laymen receiVed the wished to be faithful tl) the Knight, of st. Gregory award. Pope's words and, at the same They were Dr. .Tohn C. Col'I'igan, time, were loath to translate Joseph E. Fernandes, Philip M. into another language the witty Of special interest here Wll8 Hemingway, Sr., Norman F. remarks and humorous sallies the elevation in November, Dr '1958 of Richard Cardinal Cush- Hocha, . Clement C. Maxwell, that the Pope' sometunes directed George M. Montle and Eugene toward hiffi6elf. ' Ing of Boston to the Sacred Col- . F. Phelan. lege of Cardinals. The Cardinal The Pope's talks were always> is Metropolitan of the Province PrIest In Rome east in terms of optimism. His of Boston, which includes the "On the spot" in Rome during favorite themes were optimiSm. Fall River Diocese, and he is a much of Pope John's pontificate for today's youth, Christian frequent visitor to this area. has been Rev. Edward J., unity, the virtue of humility, Also noted was the elevation Mitchell pursuing g r a d u ate and family ,life.

In March, 1962 of Jose Da Costa studies in Canon Law at the He sPOke with a great spon­ :Cardinal Nunes, former Patri­ North American College. He has taneity and with enthusiasm '8rch of Goa and a vice-ehamber. shared his impressions of the ~at communieated itself tl) his lain of the Papal Court in Rome. Eternal City with Anchor read~ 'He is a cousin of Mr. and Mrs,,' ers on many occasions, notably hearers. And he was able to , Gil Amaral of North Dartmouth. through a' series of articles on speak to every condition and During his pontificate, Pope the Ecumenical Council manner of men. .Tohn elevated eight priests of -the Diocese to the rank of mon­ signori, in addition to three chaplains and several area na­ tives now serving in other parts ,of the country. , The Diocesan priests created monsign'ori are Rt. Rev. Leonard .T. Daley; Rt. Rev. William H. Harrington; Rt. Rev. Emmanuel S. deMello; and IU. Rev.- Francis E. McKeon, named Nov. 2, 1961.

Named Dec. 3, 1959 were the late Rt. Rev. Francisco C. Bet. tencourt; Rt. Rev. Raymond T. Considine; the late Rt. Rev. John .T. Kelly; and the late' Rt. Rev. lit M. P. Leonidas Lariviere.

Rt. Rev. Henri A. Hamel and Rt. Rev. Bernard J. Fenton were elevated in October, 1960. Msgr.

Hamel, whose retirement from ,the Air Force is effective June 7 will become pastor of St. Jean Baptiste Church, Fall River, on 'that date. His ,laSt service post November 18:U - June 1963 'was that of Inspector Chaplain General of the Air Force Com­ mand and Staff Chaplain MATS . at Scott Air Force Base, Ill. Msgr. Fenton holds the rank of Army Colonel and is chief of personnel in the office of the ,€ h ief of Chaplains with head­ quarters in UiePentagon.

Rt. Rev. Joseph C. Canty was named a monsignor in June, 1962. He is a captain in the 'Navy Chaplain Corps and is at present serving as Force Chap­ -;' ..

• kin on the staff of the Com­ , mander-in-Chief of Na.val Activ­ 2082 ROBESON STRElft' , Ii'ALL RIVER ities in Europe.

Many Audiences , Fortunate in having many op· , portunities to see Pope John was Bishop Connolly. In September, ' 1959, the Ordinary made his for­ mal "ad limina" visit to the Pon­ tiff. This was followed in Fall 'of 1960 by the first Diocesan

AT ECUMENICAL COUNCIL SESSION

Pope Could Talk To All Men

Servant of the Servants of God

• Pace Requiescut m

Pontilex Maximus

BONNER.' FLOWERS

In Prayerful Remembrance

DIOCESAN

CATHOLIC YOUTH

ORGANIZATIONS

THE ANCHOR-Diocese"of 'Foll >River..

Fosten Devotion To St. Joseph Pope John XXIII throughout his pontificate fostered devotion to his patron saint-St. Joseph, the foster father of Christ.

At papa'l audiences, in solemn documents, and in radio mes­ sages to the world on 'the Saint'~ two yearly feast days, Pope John hailed Joseph, flle carpenter, as the model of the Catholic father and patron of the Universal Church. ' The Saint's name was given to him in baptism-Angela Giu­ seppe Roncalli, a younger broth­ er also was named Giuseppe. . Early in his pontificate, he lauded the example of St. Joseph to the workers of the world. In a radio message observing the Feast of St. Joseph the Worker on May 1, 1960, he warned the workers to avoid the lures of communist id-eology, and urged those in power to help promote better living and working condi­ tions. Recalling that St. Joseph, a tradesman all his life, was the workingman's saint, he said: Example to All "In proposing the example of St. Joseph to all men wl).o find their condition of life in the world of labor, the Church in­ tends to remind them to consider their great dignity and invites them to make their activity a powerful means of personal per­ fection and of eternal merit. Oh, what greatness does the silent and hidden figure of st. Joseph acquire through the spirit with which he carried out the mission entrusted to him by God!" On the Feast of St. Joseph, March 19, 1961, a year and a half before the opening of the Sec­ ond Vatican Council, Pope J9h n announced that he would pro. claim St. Joseph the Council's patron. He recalled at this time the labors of his predecessors, from Pope Pius IX on'ward, in spreading devotion to St. Joseph.

Christian Unity Pope's Desire Pope John will surely be re­ membered. and hailed as the Pope of Christian unity. The day after his election as Pope he expressed his concern for the separated brethren.

When he called the Ecumeni­ cal Council he sho~d that he had the thought of unity in mind aa an ultimate goal of the Council, even though the immediate work would be one of "bringing up to date" the Church.

The Pope's creation of the Secretariat for Promoting Chris­ tian Unity with Augustin Cardi. nal Bea, S.J. at its head showed his everabiding concern for reunion.

The invitations extended to non-Catholics to attend the Ecumenical Council, and the pains taken to insure that they would be fully informed on all that went on, touched the non­ Catholic Chri~tian observers deeply.

Archbishop Fisher In an historic meeting, Pope John also met with Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher of Canterbury, Primate of the Church of En. gland, the first such meeting in over 400 years. .

The Pope also met with other high-ranking Protestant clergy­ men-Rt. Rev. Arthur Lichten­ berger, Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Rt. Rev. Archibald C. Craig, the Church of Scotland's former Moderator.

The Pope went out of his way to meet non.Catholic obserVers at the Council and to pay special attention to them in the course eI. his address to the' Council' Fathers.

•

..

POPE AND BUDDHIST MONKS WHO VISITED WHILE COUNCIL MET LAST FALL

'Remarkable Paradox' Adlai Stevenson Contrasts Pope John's Approach With Self-Styled Patriots CHICAGO (NC) - Adlai E. Stevenson contrasted Pope John's approach to international affairs with that of "self-stYled patri­ ots" who oppose all interna­ tional action.

Stevenson, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, said these two attitudes create "e re­ markable paradox."

The Pope, leader of ''the world's most ancient Christian Faith," proclaimed "the need for the boldest innovation in the or­ dering of our international re­ lations," he said.

for his statements on interne-' tional relations, including his social encyclical Mater et Magis­ tmand his peace encyclical Pacem in Terris.

"Yet, at the llame time, here in America - still a new country and formed moreover in a mood of radicel and even u top ian vision here in America, self-styled patriots de-, nounce all aspects of interna­ tional action as betrayal, urge the removal of the Uniteil Na­ tions from American soil, bom­ bard senators and excite eredu., lous people about plots to police America with Afriean trOops and hand it over to the UN, eensor books for mentioning UNESCO, and brood over heaven knows what dark oonnections between internationalism and commu­ nism," Stevenson said.

Lauels EncYclicals stevenson praised Pope John

Pope John Preached Often on Sundays

Addressing the annual schol­ arship dinner of De Paul Uni­ versity, he said it is "clear" that £Or Pope John "the human race was not a cold abstraclion, but a single precious family whose life, interest, responsi­ bilities and weH being are a constant and loving preoooupe­ tion."

JOHN XXIII

Of Blessed Memory

1881-1963

It was not at all unusual, when Pope John was Patriarch of Ven­ iee, for him to preach in various Churches of his Diocese on Sun­ dey.s.

In the five years that he spent in the Queen City of tbe Adri. . atic, he preached ten times On one Sunday in the large Church of St. Lawrence in Mestre.

He carried over this custom of giving a homily at Mass when, as Pope, he used every occasion, beginning with his own corona­ tion Mass, to preach the Gospel to those gathered' with him to offer Mass.

D & D Sales and Service 363 SECOND STREET

FALL RIVER

Considerate Pope John showed indepen­ dence of tradition and respect for the convenience of many by fixing hiB coronation day DOt lor Sunday, Nov. 9, as was ex­ pected, but for Tuesday, Nov. 4. only a week after his election.

".

16

THE A"V.. ··-... !');ocese of Fall River

Protestant Cleric Has High Praise For Pope John

Urges Unity in Encyclical Invites' All VATICAN CITY (NC)-PQpe John in his first encyclical ap­ pealed directly to separated Christians to reunite with the Catholic Church and to pray for the success of the coming Ecu­ menical Council.

The 12,OOO-word document dealt with truth, unity and peace. In it the Pope also reaf­ firmed the papal condemnation of communism and warned that a war with nuclear weapons would be de3tructive to both the victor and the vanquished.

The encyclical, dated June 29, 1959, the feast of SS. Peter and Paul, will be known in history from its opening words, "Ad :Petri Cathedram" (Near the Chair of Peter).

The encyclical, as is custom­ ary, was addressed to the Cath­ olic hierarchy, clergy and faith­ ful, but in the section dealing specifically with unity the Pon­ tiff; spoke directly to the Prot-· estants and to dissident churches of the East.

In referring to the unity of the Catholic Church's doctrine, government and religious prac­ tice, the Pope said: "May this wondrous manifes-· tation of unity therefore, by which the unity of. the Catholic Church stands forth for all to .ee, may these desires, these prayers by which she implores from God the same unity for all move your mind and rouse it in • salutary manner; We say your -for Weare speaking to those who are separated from the Apostolic See." .

Depends on Prayer Assuring separated Christians of his paternal love, the Pope emphasized the following: "Note, We beg of you, that when We lovingly invite you to the unity· of the Church We are inviting you not to the home of a lrtranger, ~ut to your own, to the Father's house which belongs to alL" . \ After stating that the success of the Ecumenical Council he plans to convoke depends more on prayer than on human effort, Ute Pope continued: "To take part in this prayerful appeal to God, We invite most lovingly those also who-though they. are not of this fold - yet reverently worship God and with good will strive to keep His commandments." , In the first section of the en­ cyclical letter, Pope John cited the ignorance of truth, the con­ tempt for truth and the deliber­ ate effort at turning away from it as the "source and root of all evils which affect individuals, peoples and nations with a kind of poison'" "'.

Stresses Gospels He said that "though we have the power to arrive at natural truths by the aid of the mind it­ self, this result-particularly in what concerns religion ,and right conduct-is not obtained by all without difficulty, and often there remains some admixture of error."

Moreover as supernatural truths cannot be attained by rea­ son, he continued, "unless it is enlightened and influenced by divine powers'" '" '" so all are obliged to embrace the teaching of the Gospel, and if this is re­

C:'~ktja~s

jected the very foundations of truth, goodness and civilization' are endangered."

Therefore, the Pope added, the press has a special duty to stand by the truth.

"In a special manner then," he explained, "We are compelled to exhort to a careful, exact and prudent exposition of the truth those who by means of books, reviews and daily papers - SD abundant at· the present time­ make such a great contribution to the teaching and training of the minds of their fellow citi­ zens, especially the young, into the molding of their opinions and' the regulating of their habits. These same men are gravely bound in duty not to disseminate lies, error, obscenity, but only truth-and,in particular to publicize what 'leads not 'to vice but to good and virtuous practices."

Responsibility to Truth Pointing out that id the fields . of radio, motion pictures and television, men likewise have a responsi.bililty to the truth and to fight evil, the Pope stated: "It is therefore necessary to con­ front evil and erroneous writings with what is right and sound.

Against broadcasts, motion pic­ tures and television shows which incite to error or attractions of vice, there must be projected those which uphold truth and strive to preserve wholesome morality." .

The Pope also attacked reli­ gious indifference as an a "i' ''''e of "neglect and' extreme care­ lessness" that works against the truth, and termed "ridiculous" the opinion that all religions are equally true.

It is only "when we have reached truth, which has its source in the Gospel and which must be introduced into life's activities, then only we say will our mind find rest in peace and joy."

Men Are Ilrothers

CHARLOTTETOWN (NC) A former minister at New York City's Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church says Pope John accomplished more than any other to change the religious climate of the world.

After accepting a honorary Doctor of Laws degree, Rev. J. Sutherland Bonnell said at the Prince Edward Island ceremony at Catholic St. Dunstan's Uni­ versity that the degree awarded him is additional evidence of the increasing spirit of inter­ faith understanding and good­ will that has become so mani­ fest. recently.

"The credit for these gains • must,' in simple justice, go to that humble and gracious per­ son, the Supreme Pontiff, Pope John, who in' the brief span of a few years accomplished more than any other to change the reli­ gious climate of the world," the Charlottetown native declared.

UNESCO POPE OF FAITH-MAN OF DEVOTION

While Nuncio, Archbishop Ron• calli, la tel' Pope John . served for about seven month. as the Holy See's perma~ent observer in UNESCO.

IN MEMORIAM

Passing on to the general sub­ ject of' unity, the Pontiff de­ clared: "A sincere love of'truth then is essential for all, whether private citizens or those who hold destinies of nations in their hands, if they wish to at­ tain that harmony and peace from which arise true prosperity, whether of individuals or of .whole peoples."

Stressing that "God created men not as enemies but as brothers," the Pope said: "The various nations are nothing else save groups of men, that is brothers; these, linked by that fraternal bond, ought to strive each after his proper need, and also after the common prosperity of the whole human race."

He warned that "if nations do not aim at this fraternal unity that must rest on the precepts of justice and be nourished by charity, conditions of gravest crisis remain."

Peace or Destruction "As a result," he continued, "all prudent men complain and grieve that it seems to be uncer­ tain whether the same events are moving toward the es~blish­ ing of a solid, true and genuine peace or are slipping in com­ plete blindness toward a new and fdghtful warlike conflagra­ tion."

Diocesan .Council

@rheANCHOR

OFFICIAL NEWSPAPER OF THE DIQCESE OF FALL RIVER Published weekly by The Catholic Press of the Diocese of Fall River

410 Highland Avenue

Fall River, Mass.

OSborne 5-7151

PUBLISHER

Most Rev. James L Connolly. D.O., PhD.

GENERAL MANAGER

Rev. Daniel ·F. Shalloo. M.A.

ASST. GENERAL MANAGER

Rev. John P. Driscoll

MANAGING EDITOR

Hugh J•. Golden

, of

Catholic Women TAUNTON

ATTLEBORO

CAPE and THE ISLANDS NEW BEDFORD

FALL RIVER

17

Directive Continued from Page One

Pope }1d~ln Served As V.f~ ... If"'~Qn~ain

maximum attendance of the faithful.

On the day. of burial you will have a High or Solemn Mass for the Holy Father at an hour that will enable you to be present at the Pontifical Mass to be cele­ brated at the Cathedral at 10 o'clock.

The name of the deceased Pontiff is omitted in the Canon of the Mass.

The Oratio Imperata pro Papa ceases. The~eafter, in ac­ cord with thl' practice of the Diocese of Rome the Prayer Pro Eligendo Summo Pontifice is to be said.

Until the completion of the papal obsequies, all churches are to be' draped fittingly in black and white at the front door and in the sanctuary.

For the same period all paro­ chial schools s;lould display the American flag at half mast.

The Clergy are urged to join prayerfully with the faithful in beseeching Almighty God that He grant perpetual light and peace to the soul of our beloved Holy Father.

By fJrder of The Most Reverend Bishop,

Humberto S. Medeiros,

Chancellor.

Pope John XXIII saw the hor­ rors of war first hand.

He first served a required year of military duty in the Italian Army in 1901. He was discharged with the rank of sergean( and recalled to military duty in June, 1915, after his ordination as a priest. He served with the Medi­ cal Corps of the Italian Army. and in 1916, when all Italian priests 'mder arms were reclas­ sified as chaplains, he was as­ signed as. a hospital chaplain.

In a letter written in 1956 to the president ot' the Association of Italian Chaplains, he cited his gratitude to God for being al­ lowed to perform military ser­ vice at an early age. "How great a knowledge of the human heart this affords!" he wrote. "How great the grace of experience I received in dedication, sacrifice, and in the unc.erstanding of life and the priestly apostolate!"

John XXllI

When the news was received of the death of the Holy Father, all church bells were tolled.

Bells are to be tolled also at

9:00 A.M. on the day of burial.

PONTIFEX MAXIMUS 1881- 1963

CORONATION MASS -

Pop~

Canon'ixed

Ten Saints

During his brief rei~n, Pope

John canonized ten and beatified

four.

He set a precedent by officiat­

ing at the first canonization rites

held outside of St. Peter's basil­ ica in more than 200 years. This

was when he canonized St. Greg­ ory Barbarigo, first Bishop of

his own native Diocese of Ber­ gamo, in the Cathedral Church· of Rome, St. J-'~'1 T ~·"·an.

Those canonized by Pope John were:

St. Charles of Sezza, an Italian Franciscan Brother.

St. Joaquina de Vedruna de Ma~, Spanish foundress of the Carmelite Sisters of Charity.

St. Gregory Barbarigo, Bishop of Bergamo.

St. Jolm de Ribero, Spanish l'lishop.

St. Bertilla Boscardin, Italian nun.

St. Martin de Porres, Peru­ vian-born Dominican Brother.

St. Peter Julian Eymard, French founder of the Blessed Sacrament Fathers.

St. Francis Mary Croese, Ital­ ian Capuchin Brother.

St. Anthony Mary Pucci, Italian Servite priest.

St. Vincent Pallotti.

Those whom he beatified were: Blessed Elena Guerra, found­ ress of the Sisters of St. Zita.

Blesed Marie Marguerite D'­ Youville, Canadian foundress of the Grey Nuns.

Blessed Innocent of Berzo, Italian Capuchin.

Blessed Elizabeth Seton, Amer­ ican-born foundress of Sisters of Charity. ,

NOV. 4, 1958

Pope John Met Many World Leaders Well Versed on International Scen'e Pope John XXII~ as reigning sovereign of the tiny State of Vatican City, was perhaps the best informed sovereign 0'£ his day.

He had a background of 28 years in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, in Bulgaria; Turkey, Greece an!i' France. At the Va"i~an, whk'l '~as 0f c-n "-'~'1 called "the listening post of the world," he ha~ contact with of­ ficial representatives Jrom 50 nations accredited with formal diplomatic relations there. As pope, he received in audience more than 100 reigning sover­ eigns or heads of nations, big and small.

From €~~ly in his pontificnte (November, 1958), the audience rooms of the Vatican Palace here crowded with the great and the humble. Many traveled from ,the far corners of the world to pay him homage - kings, queens, president, vice presidents, prime ministers, foreign ministers, leaders of Christian and non­ Christian denominations, and leaders from all walks of life.

These he received, some formal­ ly, some. informally, in papal audiences - private and semi­ private, special and public-but always with great kindness and L

friendline~s.

Elizabeth and Philip Among :he outstanding papal audiences of Pope John's ponti­ ficated may be mentioned his re­ ception of the Queen Mother of England and her daughter Prin­

cess Mar"aret R"~c h A·'ri1. lO"(}.

England's Queen Elizabeth II

and Prince Philip were received

with all state honors in "a visit

VATICAN CITY (NC) - A marked with extraordinary cour­

tesy and characteristic personal copy of "I Am With You," tele­ warmth" in May, 1961. vision film prepared by the Na­ A young Arab monarch, King tional Broadcasting Company to Hussein of Jordan, was received mark the opening of the Ecu­ with the honors accorded a chief menical Council, has been pre­ sented to the Vatican.' . of state by Pope John on April One copy of th" film wa~ pre­

sented to Msgr. Daniel Cronin of the Papal Secretariat of State

Pope John indicated the chief

by Miss Doris Ann, manager of ,qualities of jlis own nature when

religious programing for NBC.

he told a group of pilgrims, A second copy was presented "Simplicity is natural' and the

to Archbishop Martin J. O'Con­ divine is in the natural. I am

going my way with the common

nor, rector of the North Amer­ ican College in Rome and Pres­ sense I inherited from home, a

ident of the Pontifical Commis­ way of looking at things to

sion for Motion Pictures, Radio which I have added Gospel

and Television. This copy will teachings and the dictates of

be added to the commission's li­ Christian life. I trust the Lord.

brary of films dealing with the A loftier teaching than this I

cannot give."

Church.

30, 1959. In December, 1959, he greeted the King's mother, Queen Zeine.

On Dec. 6, 1959, U. S. Presi­ dent Dwight D. Eisenhower, ac­ companied by his son John and daughter-h-law' Barbara .were received by Pope Jqhn. The pope and president had met be­ fore when the former was Apos­ tolic Nuncio in Paris. President Eisenhower was the second in­ cumbent president of the United States received in papal audi­ ence. (President Woodrow Wil­ son, on his way to the Paris Peace Confereuce in 1919, was received with similar honors of st~te.)

Orthodox Sovereil:'ns In an historic audience in May, 1959" Pope John received King PaUl and Queen Frederika of Greece, the world's only Orthodox Christian sovereigns, welcoming them in their own language. It was the first state visit of Greek royalty to the Vatican in five centuries.

Earlier, in June; 1959, Pop~ John had occasion to receive an old friend he had met while­ serving as Apostolic Delegate to Turkey (1934-44), its president Celal Bayar; whom he addressed in Turkish. This was said to be the first visit to the Vatican of a chief of state from Moslem Turkey.

Among other non-Ghristian visitors receiyeC' in private audi­

ence by Pope John WerE! Sayed

Ali Mirghani, head 01; the Mos­

lem Khatmia sect in Sudan, and

his two sons (1959); Tibetan

lama, Cohimed Rigdzin, Bud dhist monk from Tibet, dressed in his traditional robes (1959); and in 1962 the chief priest of the Shinto temple of Kyoto,Shi.

zuka- Masubara, in his robes. He was believed to be the first

Shinto priest ever received by a pope. . Receives·Mrs. Kennedy Among other members of roy­ alty received in private audience

by Pope John were King Fred­ erick IX and Queen Ingrid of Denmark (1959; King Bhumi­ bol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit of Thailand (1960); King Gustav Adolf VI and Queen Louise of Sweeden (1960); Mwami (King) Wambutsa IV of Burundi (1962).

The visit in March, 1962, of Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy mark­ ed the first time the wife of an incumbent presidept of the United States was received in a papal audience. Other members of the Kennedy family received

by Pope John were the presi­ dent's brother Edward (Ted) Kennedy, his tnother Mrs. Jo­ seph P. Kennedy and his brother Att. Gen. Robert Kennedy and wife.

In September, 1962, Pope John received Vice President Lyndon "Johnson, his wife i..ady Bird and daughter Lynda.

STAFF OF

Cathedral Camp for

Boys and· Girls

Vatican Gets Copy Of Council TV Film

,Qual!ties

POPE JOHN XXIII OF' BLESSED MEMORY 1881-1963

LA SALEITE FATHERS

-SHRINE OF OUR LADY OF LA SALETIE

ATTLEBORO

•• 18.

THE ANCHOR-Diocese of Fall River:'

·Shatters Traditions' Man of Surprises', Pope John XXIII has been' a "You could not come to see me man of many surprises. He not So I have come to see you." he only broke traditions, he estab- told the· inmates. lished .many precedents, and The following day he dropped even reinstated old customs that .into Rome's Child Jesus hospital had fallen into disuse. . . to cheer the sick children there.

Alth~ugh many of the changes' Three weeks later he "disap­ he brought about were private peared"from his Vaticim office or personal things, he did not and made an' unannounced visit hesitate to revise or even dis- to a.home for retired and infirm. pense with ages-old protocoL He priests. This and many other un­ felt that each pope should be expected .departures from the free to establish new customs of Vatican limits, without inform­ his own. ing the Rome police, as required Immediately follow i n.li his by the. Vatican .Concordat,· gave election as pope on Oct. 28, 1958, .security officials .much concern.

Angelo Cardinal Roncalii delved It was.finally settled by station­ i!tto history' and chose John for ing two motorcycle escorts at· his nam.e. AlthQugh a name most the exit .of the .Pope's palace' cgosen by popes, it had not been whether desired or not: used for more than 600 years.

On' one occasion he insisted on The fact that it was last used by. visiting' Rome's tough Trasta­ a false pope did not deter him vere section to give Communiion from his choice. . . to a group of working 'class One of the first customs 'he youth. On another occasion. he d'ispensed with was the tradition made an ·unscheduled stroll· , 1Jhat .the pope should eat· alone. through downtown Rome on his His immediate predecessor Pius way. to atldre~ some 5,000 sem­ XII had rigidly adhered to this imlrians at S1. Ignatius Church. . custom. Some· other popes on In all, it is said he. went outside special occasions had shared the Vatican at least 150 times. their food with' relatives, but Railroad Trip usually they were seated at a In September, 1960, he made Separate table, Pope John's pre. a motor trip of 50 miles from vious experience as a· diplomat his Summer residence at Castel. and his genial nature were op- gandolfo to the Benedictine Ab­ posed to his eating alone. bey at Subiaco. Tl:J.is was eclipsed Signs o{ Reverence by his first 'railroad trip as pope..

"I tried it for one week and I On Oct. 4, 1962 he made a 400~ was not comfortable," he said. "I mile journey from the Vatican · searched through Sacred' Scrip- City railroad station to two of' ture for something saying I had Italy's famous shrines-at Loreto to eat alone. I found nothing, so . and Assisi. There he prayed for ·I gave it up and it's much better the success of the coming Ecu­ now." menical Council. It marked the Early in his pontificate, Pope longest trip any pope has taken John chose to waive traditional away from the Vatican in 105 rules. He made frequent' use' of years. the teiephone to call ill his aides The tradition-breaking pope is and ruled that his close assist- noted also for reviving other' ants need not genuflect and kiss papal traditions. He revived an. his ring every time they came ancient custom of 200 years: into his presence. This traditional when as Bishop of Rome he per·, · lIign of reverence shown to popes sonally led on foot the stational.

he limited to their first and last proCession to the churches oj:

visits' of the day. It. saved time, Rome during Lent. He often ex..

he said. pressed his dislike of pomp, es,.

The day after his election as pecially at being carried aloft . pope, he made an impromptu in the .sedia gestatoria, the port;.. tour of ~e Vatican territory, able papal throne. When Vaticart. one of many to follow. The Vat- officials insisted on doing so, fcan radio station, the Vatican Pope John offered it as. an exer.. garage, the printing plant of dse in mortification.

L'Osservatore Romano and Vat.' As foI' his· precedent shatter.. fcan Polyglot Press, the barracks ing, early in his pontificate hl~ of the Swiss Guards, the Vatican decided that during his after·.

Museum and Library, and even noon walks in the Vatican Gar. the carpentry shop,. chatting in- dens he was not to be alone. H4~ formally with the workers. told the gardeners and maintenIjis . curiosity took him into ance crew to continue with theiir every corner of the Vatican. One work. On occasion he even in­ result of such inspection was sisted that two or three cardinals Pope .John's decision to incre'ase walk with him. the wages of the 3,000 employees Roof Stays OpeD of the Vatican. In his formula to bring financial equity to them, When asked by officials if the:,. he decreed that the man who re- should continl!e the custom of oeived the smallest pay and yet closing the Vatican roof to tour- . aupported the greatest number ista during such walks, Pope ef children was grante(l·· the· John replied: "Let the roof sta:r ' open while' I'm. out. I promise It"eatest increase. not to give any scandal to toUI'Visits Prison . iBts." In his first Christmas as pope, Although at times a tradition­ he made a surprise visit to the alist, he was often an innovatol~.

Regina Coeli Prison in Rome. It For use during hla Summer was the first papal visit to a jan . walks he introduced a new papal .wce Pope Pius IX, who visited style-the wearing of a white,_ them every Christmas during widebrimmed hat and red MOI'­ his pontificate (1846 to 1878). 0000 leather shoes. For WintE,r

RECENT PICTURE SHOWS SIGNS OF ILLNESS·

wear he revived the use, for the first ·time in more than 60 years, of the camauro. This tight-fit. ting, red velvet cap trimmed with white fur covers the back of the head and ears. It is used on non~lit.urgical occasions.

In April, 1959, pope John, in Holy Thursday. ceremonies at the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome, revived the ancient custom of personally washing the feet of 13 clerics, in memory of Christ's washing the

Pontiff Descendant Of Line of Farmers Pope John was a true son of the soil, the (lescendant of a long line of farmers of Sotto il Monte, a village near the city of Bergamo in the Lombardy region of Italy, a fertile plain nestling at the foot of the Alps.

The Roncallis were share. croppers and poor, althol,lgh, as Pope John used to say, not quite 90 poor as people's imaginations tried to make them out to be. .

Pope John's three surviving brothers still till the land and ate highly respected in 'their village, not only because the,­ had a brother a Pope, but be­ cause they carry an honoraWe name in the region. .

feet of the Apostles. to name· a new cardinal whe In January, 1959, .Pope John .. already had a brother in the announced his intention of con­ Sacred College of Cardinals. He voking a' general ecumenical was. Amleto Cardinal Cicognam. council of the Church, the first then Apostolic Delegate in the in 90 years. It opened Oct. IJ.. U. S.. and later named Papal 1962. . secretary of state~ Increases Cardinals . Pope John established another Perhaps the. most important precedent. in naming the first event. in the government of the Negro Prince of the Church, Church was the fact that Pope Laurean Cardinal Rugambwa, .Johnfor tbe fifth time broke Bishop 0;1. Buboka, Tanganyika. precedent (Feb. 17, 1962) when He also named the first cardinaw he increased membership in the for Japan, the Philippines, Mex­ Sacred Qallege of Cardinals to ico, Uruguay and. Venezoola. a record~igh of 87, the most in The tradition-shattering Pope nearly 400 years. In addition he has also made vast and historie named three Cardinals "in pet­ changes in the liturgy of the to.." And shortly before the Church. On his own initiative he opening of the second Vatican .issued a motu proprio of rubrical Council he rearranged the Col. instructions, effective Jan.' 1, lege, making all, members 1961, 'on the reform of breviary, bishops. . missal and liturgical calendar. It On orm occasion he departed was the first complete revisiona from .. provision of canon law of the books in nearly 400 yean.

Requicscat in Pace .

I

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Bishop of Rome A man is the Pope possessing the primacy of honor and juris­ diction precisely and primarily because he if the Bishop of Rome.

REQUIESCAT IN PACE I

1881

John

xxm

Pontifex Maximus

LEGION OF MARY

OF FALL RIVER DIOCESE HEMINGWAYTRANSI~ORT, NEW BEDFORD

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INC.

COMITIUM

'PM! ANCHOR--otocese of 'an Itiver-

Council Achievement Intense Interest for All HIstory will remember the reign of Pope John XXIII for his decision to convoke ~e Second Vatican Council.

The PontiH decided to call the first ecumenical C<luncil in nearly a century and the 21st in church :history within three months after his election all Pope. Dur­ ing his observance of the Feast of the Conversion of St. Paul, Jan. 25, 1959, he made the sur­ prise announcement of his inten­ tion.

His decision startled members 01 the Catholic Church through­ out the world, and was of inteDBe interest to other Christians and to many non-Christians. Called to consider the many challenges facing the Church, its opening session on Oct. 11, 1962, brought to Rome close to 2,500 cardinals, archbishops, bishops, abbots and ether council Fathers in what was the most representative worldwide gathering of Church leaders in history.

On Christmas, 1961, the· papal bull "Humanae Salutis," 0ffi­ cially convoked the Second Vat­ ican Ecumenical Council. How­ ever, the actual opening date was not set until announced by Pope John in a "motu proprio" fIl Feb. 2, 1962.

Names Commlssie.

As early as JUDe 19l5O, he hH

appointed • dozen preparatory eo~sions and three. !eo-e-. tariats to lay the groundwork Jor the Council. He later per­ lIOIlally attended I90me of their meetings to spur on their work.

Archbishop Pericle Felice served as reneral secretary of the COUft­ cil's Central Preparatory Com­ mission.

1ft his bull of C<lIlVocatioll, Pope John reviewed "the c0m­ plex and delicate work of prep­ aration," which he said .WM "supported by heavenly help."

"Before deciding the questions that had to be studied in view of tM forthcoming council," he wrote, "We wished to hear be­ forehand the wise and enlight­ ened opinion of the College of Cardinals; of the episcopate of

the whole world, of the !ael'ed congregations of the Roman Curia, of the general superiors of orders and religious congr.e­ gations, of Catholic universities and m ecclesiastical faculties.

"This work of consultation was carried out within a year and there emerged clearly from this the points that had to be sub­ mitted to a thorough study. tJrces Continual Prayer "We then instituted the differ­ ent preparatory organizations to which We entrusted the arduous task of drawing up the doctrinal and disciplinary projects, among which We will choose those we intend to submit to the council."

Cardinals, bishops, theologians, canonists and experts from all over the world were, consulted in this process. The faithful throughout the Catholic world were urged to continual prayer for the success of the historic project, which Pope John dedi­ cated to the Blessed Mother and St. Joseph.

In selecting the opening date of Oct. 11, the feast of the Divine Maternity of Mary, the Pope stated: "We have especially chosen this date because it links US with the memory of the great Council of Ephesus which was of extreme importance' in the

history of the Church." The de­ cisions 01 that council in 431 up­ held belief in the Virgin Mary as Mother of God. Pope John said his main hilpes for the resUlts of the Second Vatican Council are principally "that the Church, Spouse of Christ, may strengthen still more her divine energies and extend her ben'~icial influence in 8tm greater measure to the minds of men."

To Aehien Peaee He expressed "hope that all people-especially those whoJD we so sorrowfully see suHerin, because of misfortunes, discords and mournful conflicts-turning . their eyes more trustfully toward Christ-may finally achieve true peace in respect for mutual

Accomplishments Are Many .

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'1 !

I I I

FINISHING TOUCHES ON OFFICiAL PORTRAIT rights and duties."

To seek ways and means of promoting unity among Chris': tians, who 'have been separated for hundreds of years by differ­ ences of many kinds, was one of the tasks discussed in the pre­ paratory work of the present council and non-Catholic groups were invited to send observers, as was also done in the first Vatican Council, 1869-70.

En October, 1961, a year before the formal opening of the Coun­ cil, Pope John stressed the need for accurate press coverage. In an audience with foreign news­ men, he told them that the Coun­ cil would be so important that ilie whole world must' be accu­ rately informed about it. To aid the journalists before and during Council's meetings, he ordered .a special press office for the Council, placing Msgr. Fausto Vallainc, Italian priest-journalist, in charge. .

Validity 01 Teaching In his opening address to the

Council, the Pope set the tone when he told the cardinals and bishops assembled around him near the tomb of St. Peter that tl)e assembly would concentrate on emphasizing the validity of the Church's teachinl~ rather than C<lncern itself with CQn­ demning heresies.

He proclaimed hi! hope that the Council will "bring the Church up to date where re­ quired." He also declared that it would be a council of hope and a, preparation for Christian unity, and that the Church "considers it her duty to work actively" toward the realization of Christ's prayer for Christian unity.

At the opening session, 35 non­ Catholic observers and guests were present, representing .17 Protestant and Orthodol: denom­ inations. In a special aUd.ience

later, Pope John told the~

"There burns in my heart the

intention of working and suffey. ing to hasten the hour when fop all men the prayer of Jesus at the Last Supper will have :reached its fulfillment."

Truth of God One of the first acts of the gIeat Council was a message, issued at its. third .!!e:' 5""­ SiOD, in which the Council Fathers declared: F'All men are brothers irrespective of the race or nation to which they belong."

The Fathers noted that "in the course of our meetings under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, we intend to seek the most effective ways of renewing !>urselves and becoming ever more faithful wit­ nesses of the Gospel of Christ..

We shall strive to propose to the men of our times the trllt~ et!

God, integral and pure, so that they may understand it and ac­ cept it freely."

Issued Eight Encycli,cals' ~ world was amazed that· at .an age when many men are ex­ pected to retiretrom public life, Pope . John did .tM following: eonvoked' the Second Vatican Council--the first general ecU­ menical council since 1870; in­ creased the total membership of the 3acred College of Cardinals to 87, the highest in history; can­ onized 10 saints; issued eight en­ cyclicals; named the first Negro, the first Japanese and the first Filipino cardinals; and appointed a Papal Secretary of State for the first time in 14 years.

Pope John has canonized 10 persons • • • (adding the names of Martin de Porres, May 6, 1962; Peter Eymard, Anthony Pucci and Francis Croese, Dec. 9, 1962; and Vincent Pallotti, Jan. 20, 1963.)

Pope John also beatified Mother . Elizabeth Seton, foun­ dress of the Sisters' of Charity in the U. S., on March 17, 1963; Luigi Palazzolo, a priest of the' Pope's native diocese of Ber­ gamo, on March 19, 1963; and an­ nounced that Venerable John Nepomucene Neumann, C.SS.R., Bishop of Philadelphia from 1852 to 1860, would be beatified on June 23, 1963.

In December, 1962, Time mag­ azine selected Pope John as its Man of the Year for 1962, and in a poll of newspa~ers, radio and TV stations, serViced by the As­ !Ociated Press, the Pope was voted as the top newsmaker in the' field of religion during 1962. . On April 11, 1963, Pope John issued his encyclical Pacem in Terris, which was acclaimed throughout the world. The en­ cyelical, a clarion call for world peace, was unusual in that it was addressed not only "to the epis­ eopate of the' Universal Church aM til *he clerl7 and faitbfu;1

of the whole world, but also te . 'all 'men of good will.'''

One section of the encyclical, on the delicate question of coop­ eration with communist nations and movements, aroused wide­ spread discussion. The Pope made cle<U' that C<lmmunism ill intrinsically wrong, but pointed out that because of the possibil­ ity of change and the existence of some truth amidst Marxist errors, it may be possible to_ work with C<lmmunist states or movements for geod causes.

In January, 1963, Pope John and Premier Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Union were re­

Ported to have exchanged New

Year's greetings. In March of

that year, the Pope received in

audience Premier Khrushchev's

son-in-law, Alexei Adzhubei,

editor of the' Moscow daily Izvestia.

In February, 1963, Archbishop Josyf Slipyi of Lviv, sole survi­ vor of the Byzantine Rite Catho­ lic Bisho~s of the Ukraine. re­ ceived a hero's welcome from Pope John on his arrival in Vat­ ican City after 18 years of im­ prisonment and house arrest in. the Soviet Union. The Pope greeted the prelate's release as "a stirring consolation for which' We humbly thank the Lord."

Pope John's persistent efforts for peace received outstanding recognition on May 11, 1963, when he received the $1.60,000 Balzan Peace Prize. He was the first person to receive the prize.

The citation praised him for his "activity in favor of brother­ hood among men and among all peoples through appeals for peace.'.'

Pope John immediately an­ nounced that he would use the prize money to create "a peJr­ Jletu~ fund ift favor of peaee.-

ARLAN'S, '. ...

DEPARTMENT STORE

.',.'

of

New Bedford and· Fall River

Together -with the . "

entire .world mourns the death of His Holiness Pope John

xxm

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.. . .. .

THE ANCliOR-Dioeese of Foil River~Mon., June 3, 1963,· "

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A Stude'nt Reflects

Foister Recalls A Death. and· Election No matter the great progress manifested in today's scientific endeavors, tomorrow will surely - bring something even m'ore mar­ velous~ Pope Pius XII was thought to be the greatest pos­ sible shepherd; a mystic, an ascetic. a profound teacher who cast the light of Christian reli­ gion upon the wnole spectrum of human endeavor. John XXIII seems to have been greater!.

The loss of Pope Pius left the Church in a nervous state won­ dering where the world's storms might cast the Bark of Peter now that its Supreme Teacher had passed away. But the death of John XXIII is felt differently.

We feel as orphans do, our Father is gone.

Death of Pius XU I can well remember the morning of Oct. 9, 1958. I awoke to hear church-bells ringing throughout Rome. St. Peter's it­ self seemed to be groaning a plaintful . tune. We all realized that the Pope had been gravely ill and that even last night com­ plications had thrown shadows on his hopeful recovery. But none of us even suspected that the Savior had come for His Vica ... Joseph Delaney, now a Diocesan priest and Assistant Superintendent of Schools, and myself were students of the Diocese studying at North American College, Rome. Joe had just begun his theological studies and I was bringing mine to successful end with the Priesthood now within grasp.

Honor Guard Our entrance into the chapel for the morning's exercises, solved all doubts. The Most Reverend Rector was preparing to offer a Pontifical Requiem Mass for the repose of the soul of our Shepherd, Pius XII..

Hours later, it was anounced that the senior class-those about to be ordained iIi two mon ths­ had bee 1 designated to serve as and honor guard at Castel Gon­ dolfo. Our hearts tore with pain as we climbed the slanting slair­ case, stood about the man we had venerated and prayed for.

Possibly £01' the first time in his­ tory the Rosary was recited in English about the deceased Pope with special mention of the Mys­ . tery of the Ass\lmption which he had so authoritatively explained for the world.

The next day we were spoiled with honor as we waited for the funeral procession to come to the cathedral of Rome, St. John Lateran, and then with silent. reverence we brought our Father back home to receive his last audiences in the b~silica which had'resounded with "Vivas" for so many years now.

The pageantry of the burial of the Pope only seemed to con­ vince us that ·we were in the 'midst of a nightmare and none of this was truly happening. But happening it 'was and as soon as the novena of Funeral Masses had been offered and the gov­ ernment envoys had returned to their countries, we wondered how Rome might be able to re­ turn to its security and joy once more.

Cla!lSell as Usual Weeks went by and the Cardi­ nals-assembled did their best to rule the Church "sede vacante."

On Oct. 26, 1958, a. Sunday morning, I was scheduled to take the first great step toward the Priesthood. I knelt in the sanctu­ ary of the chureh of St. Marcel­ lus in Corso and received the Sub-diaconate. Suddenly, we all froze in excitement as the bells pealed out. Had a Pope already been named? Only yesterday the Cardinals had. solemnly filed in to the enclosed chambers and this morning was to be the first ballot. Calmly we relaxed' some­ what when we learned that no, it was just the hour of Mass that had rung. Scar,.ely had the sol.

emn vows of the Sacred Order been taken than we hastcncl to St. Peter's. And there, still in the taxi, we saw black smoke push its way out of the Sistine Chapel. .

What a sick feeling to learn that the University had decided that classes would be held as usual. "Worry not," we were told, "if ever. the smoke signals that a Pope has been chosen, we will abruptly end classes. You will have sufficient time to get to St. Peter's Square so as to see the new Pope for the first time." How horrible a decision we thought.

White Smoke But· as it turnl~d out, classes were not interrupted. After class on Tuesday afternoon, we were all standing in St. Peter's Square.. We knew that the Em­ inent Fathers would be casting a ballot about 3 ·P.M. We were there in plenty of time. Smoke' came from the chapel's tiny chimney just as the sun hid be­ hind the Alban Hills. Was it white or black?

Hundreds groaned "black again" but still ~thers cried, "No, look it's JVhite." Gradually the rumor spread like a forest fire until the entire square vibrated with loud murmurs. Vatican Radio would not commit itself. Sud­ denly, the hall above the main door of St. Peter's was suddenly lighted. It was a spark cast on oil. A, wave of cries smashed against the great basilica. Police pushed and strained .against the sudden surge. Why would those lights 'have been lighted? Only one reason, because the main balcaony would be used and- the only use possible would be to announce to the City and to the world that the Holy Spirit had chosen a new Pope.

'We Have A Pope' Excitement only became boil­ ing joy as workmen opened the main balcony doors. Slowly the huge rug-like curtain was lowered before toe balcony. On it were still depicted the Coat­ of-Arms of Pius XII. As the pro­ cession came upon the balcony, wave after waye of joyouS praise. and prayer rose to meet the par. ticipants. The dull grey stone suddenly became alive with white and scarlet and countless floodlights transformed the night into the brightest day' A tiny prelate, Cardinal Canali, the eldest in time 'of election, came to' the front. His nervous voice tempered the gl:owing crowd's enthusiasm but their joy could not be so easily' controlled. "1 announce you news of great joy • • • we have a Pope···" the entire Square seemed that it would burst or crumble in the thunderous applause •. * ." "His Eminence, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church.

Joseph An­ gelo Roncalli." The expressions of joy were suddenly confused. hundreds turned and asked, "who • * • what did he say··· what was t he name··· what was the name • * * who is he * * *" all promptly melted into an indescribable joy. Whlit mat­ ter did it make who he was * * • we had a· Pope.

There was a r(~lative calmness that descended upon the 'growing to meet its shepherd for the first time. Groups from italy's Armed Forces marched in front of the basilica's steps to form an honor guard. In front of them the tiny Papal Army sent its representa­ tives. Purpled l>relates poured out from the main doors of St. Peter's to be able to witness the Pope's introduction. Cardinals looked on from adjoining bal­ conies. The many participants of the Conclave streamed out of the enclosure to stand in the gathering as the group readied the giant statues of Bernani's collonade. We knew that the bands were playing because we could see the musicians go through the motions but man'a

*.

nervous hope drowned out an other possible sound.

Then the Papal Cross suddenly gleamed in the spotlights. A lit­ tle procession made its way onto the main balcony to the accom. paniment 'of thunderous repeti­ . tions of "Viva, viva . . . " and every tongue and language cried, "Long live the Pope."

Scarcely could the Holy Father be heard as he began to entone the formula for the Apostolic Benediction. Gradually people strained to hear the voice of the new Pope and to. make compar­ isons with the Great Doctor that God had taken .from them. His voice was calm, soft and certain.

His chant was intelligible. A silence fell on inl as each jockied for a place to kneel and receive His Father's blessing for the first time.

Then, volley upon volley 01. shouts thanked the Pope. We waved in Italian fashion and be­ fore we all knew it, he was gone.

Suddenly the entire basilica flammed in light. Floodlights reflected the people's joy and the entire Church skipped home l].a.ppy.

Fatherly Interests Rumors of the Holy Father spread like wildfire. Everyone reflected on how kind he was, hOw thoughtful, how fatherly.

This was in no wayan accusa­ tion of the deceased Pope. AI. ready people whispered that he canonized a Saint. To praise a man at the expense of another is a most distasteful habit. Some fell to such an easy temptation.

Italians were happy because the new Pope was again of their nationality.

The next few weeks taught us much of the Holy Father. As h.e stated in taking posession of his Cathedral: he was to be to his children a Father, nothing less, nothing more. Little considera­ tions melted him into the hearts of all: a "aise for the porters of the sedia gestitoria because they had so .much more weight to carry now; intimate conversa­ tions with gardeners, chair­ menders, carpenters; fatherly visits to hospitals, jails, Swiss Guards; kind but no less strict inspection-visits to the many commissions and offices of the Holy See; etc.

His fatherly interests were felt lIOmewhat like the power of

FR. FOLSTER HOLDS CHALICE USED BY POPE

Christ that seemingly eminated The great steps forward by from Him wherever he went. Pope Pius XII were continued: A few days after our happy Mater et Magistra completed Ordination to the Priesthood, he Pius' great intellectual contri. received us in audience and butions. Liturgical reforms were spoke to us of his happy years confirmed and even sped on by as a young priest and that which the Council. But the liturgy was would make us truly happy too. not something used-it was lived Whatever he did, kindness per­ by the new Pope. He celebrated vaded all.

Mass in St. Peter's-no matter But a father's worJt is varied what the effect to his aged health-more often in the first and so was his. Quickly he esti­ mated the needs of his children. year of his Pontificate than the A Synod was called for the Dio-. last four Popes had celebrated cese of Rome. But the Pope is in their entire reigns, combined. not only the Bishop of this great He taught not only by careful' see--an Ecumenical Council was decree but especially by ex­ called for the entire world. Each ample. .and every. avenue _or alley that "The Great" he has already might lead to some good for . been called, but to my mind the religion was explored. Not only only true characteristic which were visitors received· aF. had best suits him is what he himself beeR by Pius XII but now reli~ ascribed to himself as his only giol,ls leaders of. every persuation intention: to be a Father. That were aiso received; they were he was. That he ie. May God listened to; they were .urged to now permit this restless servant suggest and contribute their of His to continue to care for good. his orphaned children.

Bequiescat

• III

Pace

Pope.John XXIII

d:;Thel ANffiOR