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Wednesday, April 15, 2015
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Uber, Lyft bill passes despite local qualms By Andrew Bahl the daily cardinal
The state Assembly approved a bill Tuesday that would regulate ridesharing companies such as Uber and Lyft at the state level, paving the way for expansion of those services. The bill would require the companies to carry $1 million in liability insurance, pay a licensing fee every two years and conduct background checks on drivers. State Rep. Tyler August, R-Lake Geneva, who authored the bill, said the legislation would allow the popular smartphone services to operate across the state and would reduce burdensome local restrictions. “[The bill] encourages companies to move here and, by setting statewide standards,
there is certainty for these companies,” August said in a press conference Tuesday.
“I understand why people have concerns ... but Madison may have rejected its own shot at local control [over ridesharing services].” Zach Wood alder-elect District 8 Graphic by Cameron Graff
The bill would supersede local laws that strictly regulate or ban the services. The Madison City Council passed an ordinance March 31 that would stringently oversee the companies, just days after the state Legislature announced it
would take up the issue. Madison Mayor Paul Soglin has been a longtime critic of rideshare companies, saying in an April 2014 blog post Uber and Lyft “refuse to meet” local safety standards. A group opposed to the expansion of rideshare companies also
endorsed Soglin in his successful re-election campaign. While he was not on the City Council to vote on the ordinance, Alder-elect Zach Wood, District 8, said local officials could have lost “its own shot” at regulating the companies. “I understand why people
have concerns … but Madison may have rejected its own shot at local control [over ridesharing services],” Wood said. “[The state law] looks like it could be construed as retribution [for action taken by
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Resolution condemning religious freedom law fails in Assembly By Andrew Bahl the daily cardinal
Thomas Yonash/the daily cardinal
Students block East Washington Avenue for eight hours as part of a nationwide protest against police brutality.
Madison students lead city protest, block state highway By Laura Grulke The daily cardinal
Students from both Madison East and West high schools participated in coordinated nationwide protests against police brutality Tuesday, blocking East Washington Avenue from 10:45 a.m. until 6:30 p.m., according to a Madison Police Department incident report. The protest took place alongside others in cities across the country. Protesters and com-
munity members tweeted #ShutDownA14 along with pictures, videos and reactions to the protests. Tweets depicted protesters blocking the Brooklyn Bridge and the Oakland freeway, as well as occupying many city halls and capitol squares. Students from East High School were joined by students from West High School and other community members in one lane
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+SCIENCE, page 4
What makes your dog kick?
Assembly Democrats failed to bring a resolution to the floor today that would prevent the Legislature from discussing any bill similar to an Indiana law passed last month that allows businesses to deny services to individuals when serving them would go against their religious beliefs. The resolution, which is currently in committee, would reaffirm the civil rights of Wisconsinites regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation and a host of other demographics. “I believe the state shouldn’t subject [LGBT citizens] to bigotry under the guise of religious freedom,” state Rep. Andy Jorgensen, D-Fort Atkinson, said
during debate on the resolution. Jorgensen’s Democratic colleagues echoed his comments and criticized Republican Representatives for their support of a 2013 resolution that they say is similar to Indiana’s Religious Freedom Restoration Act. Assembly Joint Resolution 43, introduced by 25 Republican legislators last session, resolves that the lawmakers “protect the right of conscience from state action” and prohibits the state “from burdening the right of conscience unless it proves it has a compelling interest and the burden is the least-restrictive alternative.” The resolution text is similar to the title of Indiana’s law, which says that an “action may not substantially burden a per-
son’s right to the exercise of religion unless it is demonstrated that applying the burden to the person’s exercise of religion … [is] the least restrictive means of furthering the compelling governmental interest.” Republicans accused Democrats of playing politics and harassing their members over a bill they say is unnecessary. “We already have stronger constitutional language than what was proposed in the Indiana bill,” Assembly Speaker Robin Vos, R-Rochester, said. “We don’t have to listen to you berate individuals for whether or not they’re going to introduce a bill. You’re playing McCarthyism.” Vos said a bill similar to Indiana’s “would not happen” in Wisconsin.
Former dean of students dies at age 90 Former UW-Madison Dean of Students Paul Ginsberg died Monday at age 90 after spending 39 years on campus, according to a university press release. Serving as dean from 1970’87, Ginsberg more than doubled the average seven-year term of a dean of students, who oversees the university community
by providing support for students and managing misconduct policies, according to the dean of students office website. Ginsberg also attended UW-Madison for undergraduate and graduate degrees and later worked in employee assistance. Current Dean of Students Lori Berquam said she consid-
ers Ginsberg a mentor, according to the release. “He was a ‘giver’ and he cared deeply for students,” Berquam was quoted as saying. “His office light in Bascom Hall was usually the only one lit long into the night as he helped students.”
Clinton ‘primarily’ unopposed
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+ OPINION, page 7
“…the great state University of Wisconsin should ever encourage that continual and fearless sifting and winnowing by which alone the truth can be found.”
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tODAY: cloudy
hi 68º / lo 42º
hi 67º / lo 47º
Wednesday, April 15, 2015
An independent student newspaper, serving the University of Wisconsin-Madison community since 1892 Volume 124, Issue 90
2142 Vilas Communication Hall 821 University Avenue Madison, Wis., 53706-1497 (608) 262-8000 • fax (608) 262-8100
News and Editorial Editor-in-Chief Jack Casey
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News Team News Manager Adelina Yankova Campus Editor Bri Maas College Editor Ellie Herman City Editors Irene Burski and Dana Kampa State Editor Andrew Hahn Associate News Editor Laura Grulke Features Editor Gilly McBride Opinion Editors Max Lenz • Cullen Voss Editorial Board Chair Haley Henschel Arts Editors Allison Garcia • Conor Murphy Sports Editors Jack Baer • Jim Dayton Almanac Editors Dylan Anderson • Andy Holsteen Photo Editors Emily Buck • Thomas Yonash Associate Photo Editor Will Chizek Graphics Editor Cameron Graff Multimedia Editor Ian Zangs Science Editor Danielle Smith Life & Style Editor Claire Satterfield Special Pages Editor Haley Henschel Copy Chiefs Theda Berry • Kara Evenson Jessie Rodgers • Paige Villiard Copy Editors Ellie Borstad • Megan Grove John Joutras Social Media Manager Madison Schiller
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The Daily Cardinal is a nonprofit organization run by its staff members and elected editors. It receives no funds from the university. Operating revenue is generated from advertising and subscription sales. The Daily Cardinal is published MondayThursday and distributed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and its surrounding community with a circulation of 10,000. Capital Newspapers, Inc. is the Cardinal’s printer. The Daily Cardinal is printed on recycled paper. The Cardinal is a member of the Associated Collegiate Press and the Wisconsin Newspaper Association. All copy, photographs and graphics appearing in The Daily Cardinal are the sole property of the Cardinal and may not be reproduced without written permission of the editor-in-chief. The Daily Cardinal accepts advertising representing a wide range of views. This acceptance does not imply agreement with the views expressed. The Cardinal reserves the right to reject advertisements judged offensive based on imagery, wording or both. Complaints: News and editorial complaints should be presented to the editor in chief. Business and advertising complaints should be presented to the business manager. Letters Policy: Letters must be word processed and must include contact information. No anonymous letters will be printed. All letters to the editor will be printed at the discretion of The Daily Cardinal. Letters may be sent to opinion@ dailycardinal.com.
Editorial Board Jack Casey • Jonah Beleckis Haley Henschel • Cullen Voss Max Lenz • Michael Penn Kayla Schmidt • Conor Murphy Andy Holsteen l
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Terry ‘T.A.’ Olivier: Private Eye: No. 10: Ascension to 808
edit@dailycardinal.com
Thursday: cloudy
Sean Reichard quip pro quo
A
s much as I hated to admit it, seeing Rice bloom before me as an apparition (whether from whatever’s beyond this world or from my subconscious) was making me lose my nerve. Maybe he (or I) knew something about this case I didn’t. I took the picture of the bull crane from my pocket and looked it over. Seeing that strange thing again reminded me of the girl in the tartan comforter, who gave me the Regent lead in the first place. I got up from the curb outside 7-Eleven and crossed the street. There was no way I could stop now. What sort of world would it be if we let ghosts talk us out of things? Even if the heaventree was lovely? Getting into the Regent Apartments wasn’t very difficult. The lobby was mostly empty; likely, it was bereft of residents because there were parties to be had elsewhere. I didn’t have to worry about anyone spotting me. I’d been feeling more and more wary, since I was jumped by existentialists and almost roughed up by some plaid goons. The only challenge forth-
coming was to figure out how to get into “Das Schloss” or “The Castle.” Supposedly, at those two words, someone would lead me up to the woman Karenina Montgomery. Like a tail following a dog, I followed my first hunch and went to the reception desk. The attendant was clearly bored, wearing a polo shirt and sporting a bowl cut. Somehow, he made the cut look ironic. “Can I help you?” he mumbled. “Das Schloss.” “What?” He was looking more intently now. “Das Schloss… punk.” We stared each other down for a few seconds. Then he hopped over the desk holding something metal in his hand. I thought it might have been a knife, though he didn’t look like the kind of kid who’s up for a rumble. Link Wray strummed guitar briefly in my mind. But it turns out he was just holding a key. He beckoned me to follow him. We walked all over the lobby. I don’t know whether the circuitous path was meant to shake any followers or not, but even if we were being tailed, it wouldn’t have worked. We kept crossing and recrossing the same thresholds. Finally, we ended up at a door right next to his desk. He unlocked it and pointed inside. It was almost pitch black, but I could see what looked like another
door. Or… a crack in the wall? I entered, whereupon he slammed the door and locked it behind me. Was I mad? Only in retrospect. I don’t take too kindly to the dark. At the time I was ready to curl up in the fetal position. So, I did. Lying on the floor, though, made me realize the fullness of the situation. There was a space between the door and a few lined grooves and another space on the other side. I held my hand above the space by the door and felt air pushing against my outstretched palm. I was in an elevator. Suddenly, the room opened. A light flickered on and I hastily got to my feet. A decrepit man, dressed in full ascenseur regalia stepped in. I saw now there were buttons on the wall. Otherwise the space was bare. Briefly, I peered over the old man to see what was behind him, but the light was blindingly bright. For lack of a better term, I gathered my wits about me and said to the old man, “I’m off to Das Schloss.” “Hmm.” He pressed a button and we began our slow ascent. Whether to cut down on noise— Who wouldn’t be suspicious of hearing a secret elevator running in the walls?—or just for kicks and giggles, it took a few minutes for us to reach the top.
While we ascended, I tried talking to the old man. “So… busy night?” “Hmm.” “Long shift?” “Hmm.” “Looking forward to clockin’ out?” “Hmm.” “… Bougainvillea ocelot?” “Hmm.” So I stood in silence. Curiously though, as we rose, I began to distinguish a sound above me. It increased in volume as we rose. I realized it was a song I knew: “Cobra Bora” by 808 State. When we finally stopped, the music was almost intolerably loud. The wall in front of me opened again to reveal a standalone door with a small patch of carpet in front of it. “808” was carved into the wood. I didn’t have to ask its significance. I did not have to knock. It seemed the tenant knew I was coming. She was dressed in a black cloak that obscured every part of her except the lower half of her face. The music boomed behind us. Her mouth moved to speak, but I cut her off. “You’ve got good taste. And a flair for the esoteric. I would’ve pegged you for a Tchaikovsky fan… Karenina Montgomery.” At that, she smiled. Check back in two weeks for the final installment in the adventures of Terry Olivier.
On this day in history... 1632—The Swedes defeat the Holy Roman Empire in the Battle of Rain by hitting eight straight threes in what has gone down as the greatest ever game in streetball history. 1755—Samuel Johnson’s “A Dictionary of the English Language” is published. It was the first book to contain all 25 words of the time: a, the, by, in, me, him, her, me, paddle, dinosaur, gas, liquid, gravity, Lord, me, gladly, booty, vacuum, me, Romeo, pity, Bitcoin, Parliament, Samuel and Johnson. 1896—The closing ceremony of the first modern Olympic Games in Athens, Greece, featured an epic slaughtering of all non-medal winners. 1924—Vintage peep show star Rand McNally publishes the first ever road head atlas. 2014—A blood moon finally kills that smug-ass face that had been tormenting humanity for its entire existence.
Eternity
By Sina Siahpoosh We lose touch with the reality of such Constellations and the stars, That shimmering light Of the backbone of the night... When the night sky returns in silence, Spreading its primordial canvas, A ceiling mural unchanged and timeless, It brings to me an immortal likeness. Oh, how seldom I look at your glorious face! In my life of noise and chaos, Daily futility and distraction, Nightly musing and resignation, Totaling to a tangible nothing, Were it not for this Night, O the never-changing sable sight, Of the everlasting starlight, I’d believe in the permanence of change! Thus I fix my gaze upon your eternal beacons Beckoning to me from beyond the eons, Near where Time began. There! Eternity! I found thee! Dedicated to Carl E. Sagan
news dailycardinal.com
Wednesday, April 15, 2015
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Walker adds Wisconsin Idea, tuition cap to budget proposal Gov. Scott Walker submitted a series of corrections to his 2015-’17 budget proposal Monday, which includes a cap on resident undergraduate tuition within the UW System and a return of the Wisconsin Idea to the System’s mission statement. The changes amend a budget that trades $300 million in cuts to the UW System for a public authority model. The System’s Board of Regents approved controversial hikes to out-of-state
Photo courtesy of university communications
Paul Ginsberg served as the dean of students during various historic events, like the Vietnam War protests on campus.
dean from page 1 Ginsberg began his tenure as dean of students while UW-Madison was known as one of the nation’s most radical campuses due to many anti-Vietnam War protests. However, the national attention accompanying the demonstra-
tions did not get in the way of his care for students, according to the release. “He was also a man with courage and high expectations who was willing to take on difficult issues such as the alcohol culture and relationship violence,” Berquam said in the release. —Bri Maas
tuition Friday. The reinstatement of the language constituting the Wisconsin Idea comes after Walker attributed the removal to a “drafting error” earlier this year. Although he tepidly commended the renewed spirit of openness between the state Capitol and the System, UW System President Ray Cross criticized the tuition cap for removing an avenue that raises revenue. “This kind of price con-
trol is not compatible with the agile, market driven, and competitive entity the state needs us to be,” Cross said in a Monday statement. State Assembly Speaker Robin Vos, R-Rochester, applauded the cap as a way to rein in the UW’s bloated budget. “I don’t necessarily have a problem with asking people to be more efficient in how they run their agency,” Vos said. —Lucas Sczygelski
Study investigates UW-Madison impact on Wisconsin jobs, economic development As the largest university in the state, UW-Madison is a lead generator for state and local tax revenue and supports Wisconsin jobs, according to a university release. A study conducted by NorthStar Consulting Group found UW-Madison, UW Hospital and Clinics and startup companies sustain 193,310 jobs
and more than $847.5 million in both state and local taxes. The university supported the creation of 311 startup companies, which foster 24,972 state jobs and supply $2.3 billion to the state economy, according to the release. UW-Madison Chancellor Rebecca Blank praised the university’s contribution to Wisconsin’s economic status.
“The University of Wisconsin has thrived because of the investment Wisconsin’s taxpayers and leaders have made over many generations,” Blank said in the release. “In turn, we are now a major economic driver. This study shows that there is no doubt that a strong UW-Madison is essential to the growth of Wisconsin’s economy.”
UW-Madison requests community involvement for new Master Plan UW-Madison took one more step in its effort to update its Campus Master Plan by unveiling a new website to incorporate more community input into the process.
“The 2015 Master Plan Update will provide us with a road map for future development.” Bill Elvey associate vice chancellor UW Facilities Planning and Management
Campus master plans are required through Wisconsin State Statutes, as well as by UW System Board of Regents policy. The last master plan, created in 2005, set goals for a more sustainable campus by examining building proposals, utilities and transportation. The new plan will shift toward a focus on landscape architecture and outdoor spaces. The university hopes the added opinions will improve the final product.
“The more input and feedback that we can get during the Master Plan Update process, the higher quality we expect that the final result will be,” said Bill Elvey, associate vice chancellor for facilities planning and management. “Updating a campus master plan is definitely a participatory sport.” The website will be updated periodically to promote community participation as it is developed over the next two years. The new plan, which will project the next 20 years of campus development, should be completed by fall 2016. “The 2015 Master Plan Update will provide us with a road map for future development of the campus infrastructure needed to support the continued thoughtful growth of the campus for the next 10 to 20 years,” Elvey said. The university will also hold two meetings for input on the Master Plan on April 28 and 29 in the School of Nursing and Mechanical Engineering building. —Jake Skubish
Annual glass ban in place for Revelry, Mifflin Street Block Party weekend A city committee approved a proposal to make much of the campus residential area glass-free for the weekend of the Revelry Music and Arts Festival and the Mifflin Street Block Party, according to Madison Police Department spokesperson Emily Hardiman. The glass-free zone, which will include the area between North Park Street, University Avenue, North Frances Street and Langdon Street, will be in effect from 10 a.m. May 2 until 2 a.m. May 3. “It’s a standard agenda item that comes before us every year,” Hardiman said. “In every other year [this measure] has been passed without debate.”
This year’s resolution, sponsored by Ald. Scott Resnick, District 8, was introduced at city council during its March 17 meeting before being referred to the Public Safety Review Committee, which passed it Tuesday. Tickets to the third annual Revelry festival will cost $15 for students and $35 for nonstudents, and will take place on Library Mall May 2 from 2 p.m. until 10 p.m. The festival brought in more than 3,000 people its first year and more than twice that last year. Headliners include Chance The Rapper and The Social Experiment, as well as The Chainsmokers.
thomas yonash/the daily cardinal
A bill to provide a statewide regulations for rideshare companies would create consumer protections for their customers, according to state Rep. Tyler August (right), R-Lake Geneva.
bill from page 1 Madison and Milwaukee city governments].” Lawmakers opposed to the bill criticized what they said were lax restrictions and a disregard for local legislative authority. “We should have respect for our local governments so that
protest from page 1 of East Washington Avenue, a state highway, beginning at 10:45 a.m. The group had blocked all inbound and outbound lanes by 1:15 p.m., the incident report said. According to an East High School press release, most students returned to school in the afternoon. The school had to reroute buses to the front of Emerson Elementary on East Johnson Street and have offered guidance for students who wish to discuss the protests at a later time. MPD Public Information Officer Joel DeSpain said in
these companies don’t explode our markets and put local companies out of business,” state Rep. Chris Taylor, D-Madison, said in floor debate. “There aren’t independent background checks, there isn’t even a check on the vehicle.” While Wood sees the Assembly’s actions as overstep-
ping its bounds, he also predicted an increase in use of the services, especially among UW-Madison students. “I’m an advocate of local control and its disappointing to see the state preempt us,” Wood said. “But there are a fair number of students using this app and I imagine there is a market.”
the incident report that the department values citizens’ rights to exercise their First Amendment rights. However, MPD Command Staff also considered the rights of those wishing to utilize the state highway and eventually had to ask protesters to leave the highway, the incident report said. MPD officers and black community leaders attempted to negotiate with protesters to leave the roadway. Officers arrested four adults after they refused to leave once MPD had issued a final request. MPD informed the protesters they would be arrested in violation of a city
ordinance that prohibits the obstruction of streets, highways or alleys, according to the incident report. Young, Gifted and Black Coalition organizer Brandi Grayson, who was arrested during the protest, disagreed with the police’s methods. “This is a clear example of the state violence we have been talking about for months,” Grayson said in a release Tuesday night. “They brutalized me, and they arrested our babies who were mourning and protesting against the police violence that led to the murder of their friend, Tony Robinson.”
science Protein causes canine bone cancer 4
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Wednesday, April 15, 2015
By Suma Samudrala The Daily Cardinal
Cancer in the simplest terms can be described as the abnormal and uncontrollable growth of cells. While the symptoms, diagnosis and prognosis are different and unique for every individual affected by this disease, research from the past few years has determined that most cancers are characterized by a series of genetic malfunctions that eventually lead to disruption in the molecular activity in cells. While cancer has been most commonly associated with humans, it can affect most multicellular organisms, including dogs. Research collaboration by Timothy Stein, an assistant professor of oncology, and Michael Newton, a professor of statistics and biostatics and medical informatics, has revealed a potential protein over-expressed in tumor cells called frizzled-6. Frizzled-6 is part of a family of G-coupled protein receptors that activate the Wnt signal transduction pathway, which relates signals via receptors from the outside to the inside of the cell. Stein Lab studies the abnormalities in the Wnt signaling pathway for future clinical
therapies to treat cancer. The recent paper authored by Stein, Newton, associate research specialist Victoria Thompson and recent doctor of veterinary medicine graduate Katie Holmes was published in the journal of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology online. They studied tumorogenic cell lines of dogs with osteosarcoma, a bone cancer. “[We] first set out to identify why there is a difference in behavior of a tumor based on alkaline phosphatase … we weren’t expecting to go down this path,” Stein said. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in both dogs and humans that cleaves a phosphate group with the addition of water to phosphomonoesters. The Stein Lab found that more alkalinity is usually associated with a poorer prognosis. By looking at patients affected by osteosarcoma along with Newton, they searched for gene expression differences in dogs expressing differences in alka-
line phosphatase. They generated six cell lines, three from patients with high alkaline phosphatase expression and three with normal expression and they found no difference in gene expression based on alkaline phosphatase.
among the six cell lines they looked at, three formed tumors and three did not. To understand why three of the lines generated tumors, they performed a computational modeling technique that measures gene expression called a microarray analysis. The route of how a gene is expressed in a cell starts first with the transcription of the gene from DNA to convert it to mRNA, which moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell where the mRNA is translated into that protein. In this process, the mRNA is trimmed and processed from the DNA to code specifically for a particular protein. Thus, converting this protein-specific mRNA back to DNA is necessary for analyzing the amount of mRNA. The DNA genergraphic by Cameron Grafff ated from mRNA is called cDNA. Using However, when they removed cDNA, DNA microarrays allow the cells and transplanted them detection of differences in gene into mice, they discovered that expression between tissue types.
Greek yogurt by-product proves useful By Michael Frett The Daily Cardinal
A trip through the dairy aisle reveals America’s latest culinary love story. In an aisle once dominated by palates for Yoplait and Dannon, Greek yogurt has become the norm. Names like Chobani have become yogurt celebrities, while old favorites have had to develop their own Greek yogurts to keep up in a revolution that occurred almost overnight. Greek yogurt now accounts for over half of all yogurt sales, according to Nielsen consumer reports. Dairy companies are producing more Greek yogurt than ever before, meaning that those companies are also dealing with more of Greek yogurt’s byproduct–acid whey. Acid whey is a translucent green liquid pulled from soft cheeses and yogurt when cultured and can be as diverse as the dairy products it comes from. While some acid whey–and its sweet whey counterpart from hard cheeses–might be mined for nutrients, Greek yogurt’s less nutritious acid whey is usually tossed aside, often sent to farms to feed livestock and be spread over fields as fertilizer. Like many similar by-products, acid whey must be disposed of carefully. But acid whey might be more than just waste to spread over a farm field. According to Mike Molitor, a longtime member of the Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research staff, acid whey could be a valuable resource. “I’ve been working with acid whey for every bit of 20 years,” Molitor said. “I think it’s a tremendous raw material.” According to Molitor, the acid whey produced by Greek
yogurt contains solids like lactic acid and calcium that could, theoretically, be taken out of the acid whey and used for other products from infant formulas to bolstered nutrition in everyday foods. For more than 40 years now, factories have been extracting proteins from sweet whey, using it to make everything from bodybuilding protein powders to food for both people and animals. A lot of these whey products are actually shipped overseas, with Wisconsin being the United States’ leading exporter, according to the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. Yet, due to its nature, the acid whey produced by Greek yogurt is more difficult to work with. Greek yogurt’s acid whey contains notably less protein than sweet whey, whose protein is its most profitable product. Beyond that, Greek yogurt’s acid whey contains more of a solid called galactose, which causes the acid whey to break down into a sticky sludge when dried like other whey. “It doesn’t contain as much residual protein … and it does contain a tremendous amount of galactose,” Molitor said. “So the options to process it are more limited than the other kinds of acid whey.” The Center for Dairy Research has been working on a way to dissect acid whey’s translucent gold. According to Molitor, acid whey is an ideal candidate for filtration. By running it through series of increasingly advanced and effective filters, researchers at CDR split apart Greek yogurt’s acid whey
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and isolate and concentrate its hidden treasures, like lactose and calcium. According to CDR representative Bekah McBride, the CDR is exploring nanofilters also known as nanofiltration membranes–which could better fractionate acid whey. By more accurately fractionating the whey, new doors could open for the maligned by-product. “As you fractionate and concentrate different components, it turns up new applications,” Molitor said of the process. Those possible applications could range from lactose for infants’ formula and weening livestock, to natural calcium that could be pumped right back into the dairy products. “While filtration techniques like the ones used by CDR are already mining acid whey from products like cottage and cream cheese in factories, increasingly more advanced and efficient nanofilter technology could mean that, one day, it wouldn’t be out of the question to see this kind of filtration used with Greek yogurt’s acid whey,” Moliter said. According to Molitor, the CDR is going to “keep trying to move the needle” and continue researching the different avenues of filtering acid whey and isolating the individual pieces of this otherwise unimposing by-product. So, as Greek yogurt production continues to grow, its oncebothersome acid whey could soon become a beloved resource. “Acid whey is just another raw material to work with and make things out of,” Molitor said. “You know the saying: When life gives you lemons, you make lemonade.”
The microarray results in different fluorescence intensities that can then be quantified and statistically analyzed. Through this method, the researchers were able to identify that the frizzled-6 gene was expressed around eight times more in tumor-forming cell lines. The specific cascade initiated by frizzled-6 and how it affects the development of cancerous cells has yet to be determined. The overexpression of frizzled-6 suggests that the protein either forms tumor cells directly or is an indirect result of other mutated pathways. “What we are interested in doing now is seeing is this affected in human tumors [as well] and [what is the] prognosis…Within the lab itself, we have the three cell lines that express it in a high amount and we are forcing it overexpress in cell lines that express it in a lower amount and seeing if those form tumor lines. And in cells that already overexpressed, can we reduce their ability to form tumors,” Stein said. This research was funded by the UW Institute for Clinical and Translational Research from The UW-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health.
Ask Ms. Scientist: storms and twitches Dear Ms. Scientist, I never hear of tornadoes hitting big cities or going over bodies of water. Since Madison is an urban center surrounded by bodies of water, does that mean it’s relatively safe from tornadoes? —Joe W. Although it may seem that cities are immune from tornadoes or tornadoes cannot cross water, this is mostly due to the fact that cities and lakes take up a small fraction of land in the Midwest. By probability it is rare that we hear about tornadoes developing over cities and lakes, making the illusion that these areas are safer than Tornado Alley’s open plains. In fact, many large cities have been affected by tornadoes within the last 20 years, like New York, Nashville and Salt Lake City. Also, tornadoes over water are called waterspouts. Fair-weather waterspouts initially form over water and have the potential to move onto land, although it is rare. They are typically less destructive, but still dangerous. However, they more commonly form over larger, warmer bodies of water, like around the Florida Keys and occasionally over the Great Lakes, not over smaller lakes like Mendota or Monona. Tornadic waterspouts, on the other hand, begin as typical land tornadoes and then move onto water, usually without any hindrance or decrease in intensity. Therefore, campus and the rest of Madison’s isthmus are just as vulnerable to destruction from tornadoes and all safety precautions should be taken. Dear Ms. Scientist, Why does my dog always kick her leg when I rub her belly? —Hannah P. Your dog’s kick is an involuntary reflex, which is similar to how you would swat away a buzzing mosquito by your ear or sneeze when you breathe in dust. Even though your dog is overall greatly enjoying her rub, your hands are causing an itching or irritating sensation along her saddle region. Dogs have evolutionarily developed this kicking reflex to get rid of parasites, bugs and other irritants in this region that could cause disease. Your scratches are also simultaneously relieving the itch, which makes the reflex pointless in this situation. In other contexts, this reflex is an important indicator of your dog’s neurological health. Veterinarians will scratch a dog’s belly and look for the characteristic kick to be sure that his or her nerves and brain are working properly, just how a physician would tap on a person’s knee to make sure it jerks. Ask Ms. Scientist is written by Corinne Thornton. If you have a burning science question you want her to answer, email it to science@dailycardinal.com.
comics
dailycardinal.com Wednesday, April 15, 2015 • 5
I just wanna swim
Today’s Sudoku
Future Freaks
By Joel Cryer jcryer@wisc.edu
© Puzzles by Pappocom
Solution, tips and computer program available at www.sudoku.com.
Fill in the grid so that every row, every column and every 3x3 box contains the digits 1 through 9.
Factoftheday The earliest microscopes were knownas“fleaglasses”becausethey were used to study small insects.
Today’s Crossword Puzzle
Nostalgia
ACROSS 1 Dull 5 “___ boom bah!” 8 Symbol of authority 13 Glorified gofer 14 A lot of lot 15 Overthrow, e.g. 16 Brand, in a way 17 Fall preceder 18 Fertile soil 19 Chuckle elicitor, sometimes 22 Kind of poetic foot 23 Part of BYOB 24 Beloved of Aphrodite 27 Taxing time, briefly 29 Mend by stitching 33 Shoestrings 34 Dispatch boat 36 The zodiac’s only carnivore 37 Party ice-breaker 40 Newspaper div. 41 Like Erik the Red 42 Advertising gimmick 43 Make a sweater 45 Informer, slangily 46 Deep-sixed 47 Backboard attachment 49 Set aside 50 Robin Williams and Richard Pryor, many say 58 Cremona artisan
59 It has its ups and downs 60 Use a wrecking ball 61 Hybrid cat 62 Appraiser 63 Ethiopian currency 64 Con game, essentially 65 Bummed 66 Concrete section DOWN 1 Big blowout 2 In ___ of (rather than) 3 Man in a garden 4 Female protagonists 5 Clean, as dishes 6 Camera diaphragm 7 Aug. follower 8 Not on deck 9 In the vicinity 10 Remnant 11 “Gee whillikers!” 12 Formerly, formerly 14 Itsy-bitsy bits 20 Cereal fruit 21 Buggy puller 24 Shakespearean “shucks” 25 Matt of Hollywood 26 Caesar’s peepers 27 “Halt!” at sea 28 Durable wood 30 Plants with healing properties 31 Fix a loose bundle 32 “There’s ___ in sight” 34 City on the Yamuna
River 5 Aquarium creatures 3 38 ___ Jean (Marilyn Monroe) 39 Shakes up 44 Moon of Neptune 46 Jose Carreras, for one 48 Cake topper 49 Atwitter (with “up”) 50 Garfield and Heathcliff 51 Bypass 52 O. Henry’s “The Gift of the ___” 53 Cleaning cabinet supplies 54 “The Disasters of War” painter 55 Go on the briny 56 University founder Cornell 57 Balkan native
The Graph Giraffe Classic
By Yosef Lerner graphics@dailycardinal.com
arts ‘Bloodline’ lacks satisfying conclusion l
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Wednesday, April 15, 2015
By Ben Golden The Daily Cardinal
The Netflix original series “Bloodline” was released March 20. The show boasts a powerful cast, beautiful cinematography and the creators behind the critically acclaimed twisted series “Damages.” The show has enough bells and whistles to reel audiences in, however in the end there seems to be a piece missing in their almostperfect formula. This new, emerging genre of a show has become increasingly popular in the past few years; its the kind of television show that is polished enough to be viewed as a 13 hour movie (Netflix stuck with their traditional 13-episode release). This show indicates that Netflix is trying to toss their hat in the ring with the likes of series like HBO’s “True Detective” and Showtime’s “The Affair,” two shows that have very similar elements to “Bloodline.” Just like the Louisiana of “True Detective” and the Montauk of “The Affair,” the Florida Keys of “Bloodline” is represented as an ominous, ever-present character of its own. They all boast moody opening credits with their own theme song created for the show and have criminal procedures pulsing through their dramatic narratives. However, unlike the other two, “Bloodline” seems to not so much lack direction, but box itself
Graphic by Cameron Graff
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into one clear path. The brilliance of “Damages” emerged through the unpredictability of the direction the show was going. The creators kept the flash-forwards that drove on the plot of “Damages,”however, unlike “Damages,” “Bloodline” has flashforwards that barely have any twists and turns. They do not end up serving the audience as a way to intrigue them and make them want to watch more, but become spoilers because there is not much else to them. The show focuses on the popular idea of “trouble in paradise.” The Rayburn family is well known and respected, a fixture to uphold in the Florida Keys community. The Rayburns have owned a mom-and-pop hotel resort for 50 years, serving as a getaway escape for wealthy families that need a break from the “real world.” For the Rayburns, everyone else’s location for paradise becomes their hell when their no-good older brother Danny (Ben Mendelsohn) returns to town. It seems that everywhere he goes, he brings trouble with him and the family always finds it easier when he stayed away. Mendelsohn gives a convincing performance as a master manipulator. He is so convincing, even the audience falls for his false sincerity. His choices put the entire family in jeopardy and it seems that is just what he wants. Repression from
Twists found in franchised series Alex Lovendahl All Love
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he sensation that everything has been done is common and overwhelming in art. Games currently are experiencing a massive and overwhelming version of this issue; with a lack of successful non-sequel games on our brick-and-mortar marketplaces, we find ourselves lauding iterative improvements, such as the blue-shell-stopping horn in “Mario Kart 8” or the Sky-Hook in “BioShock Infinite.” This is neither an abnormal nor a bad thing; artistic evolution comes slowly and less focus on innovation allows for expression and execution to come to the fore. It’s also a generalization ignoring those games with drastically new gameplay styles like the independent games “Sportsfriends” or “Mini Metro.” Despite this, it can feel like we’re overwhelmed by sequels, especially when Sony’s gamble on “The Order: 1886” could mostly be described as conventional and their other fresh game, “Bloodborne,” is effectively a license and name away from being a “Dark Souls” game. Still, there’s no reason to feel that games have no further venues to explore beyond these upgrades, scene changes and types of storytelling, as there are new possibilities not yet explored. Last year’s “Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker” was developed as an experiment in creating Mario platformer levels in which Mario could not jump. The final product only slightly resembles a Mario game in play, ultimately more of a puzzle and exploration game than Mario’s action-oriented jumping. This serves as a beautiful example of changing the rules of play. Often, rule changes are considered the distinguishing factors between itera-
tive sequels. For example, between “Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2” and the next year’s entry “Call of Duty: Black Ops,” the game added the ability for the character to dive into a prone lying-down position from a standing run, allowing the character to evade the line of fire and defeat opponents or take cover. But these rule changes can be quite dramatic in nature. The Call of Duty multiplayer rules have repeatedly changed their upgrade paths, throwing out entire systems through which players unlock new weapons and abilities to use in multiplayer matches. The Zelda franchise also has experimented with changing these rules, perhaps most notably with 2013’s “The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds,” which allows players to tackle the game’s seven primary dungeons in any order they see fit. This change dramatically increases the sense of exploration and reduces the sense of frustration with difficult dungeons, but it also reduces the sense of a shared narrative between players in the community. Alternatively, there are fields of play that have not even really been developed. The 2005 platformer “Kirby: Canvas Curse” experimented with making the ball-like Kirby character unable to move other than by rolling ever forward, and the player’s role was to draw Kirby’s path through the levels. The gameplay, more sedate and creative than most platformers, effectively went unreplicated, barring a couple of unpopular platformers and then this year’s Wii U sequel, “Kirby and the Rainbow Curse.” There are loads of ideas that have, at most, been attempted once or twice and then abandoned for years at a time. Games still do not successfully have a control platform
for swimming underwater, levitating (despite successfully incorporating gliding, parachuting and flying) or doing more than passing the ball and “shooting” in most sports. One unexplored idea is players serving as their own judges for performance in a game. Games operate like a basketball arcade machine: If the ball goes through the hoop, it registers the successful shot and marks the points. They have hardly explored the idea of games with players as the judges of success, watching the performance in a game to determine who completed any objective “the best.” There is precedent in sports like ice skating, extreme sports and most Olympic sports, as well as board and card games like “Apples to Apples.” Video games effectively only feature these options in video game versions of “Pictionary” or “Apples to Apples.” Perhaps the most obvious of these is the virtual reality technology offered by Oculus, Morpheus and other 3D headsets. These headsets effectively place the player as the first-person viewer in a virtual environment, using motiontracking technology and 3D rendering to allow for the simulation of being in a space in which a game might take place. Players report that experiencing a game you’ve already played using the prototypical versions of these headsets feels like an entirely different experience. These headsets are expected to enter commercial release in 2016. In the meantime, I have a simple recommendation for players: Recognize the limits of your own library. I guarantee there’s always something to enjoy in genres we don’t explore. What do you think is up-andcoming in games? Let Alex know at alexlovendahl@gmail.com.
past family trauma has eaten away at Danny and has turned him into the villain he is. He knows his recklessness will bring him to his grave but he is not going to go down without making his family pay as well. It brings up the idea that no matter how far you think you have moved on from the past, it always will find a way to weasel itself back into your life and destroy you. Throughout the series, siblings John (Kyle Chandler), Meg (Linda Cardellini) and Kevin (Norbert Leo Butz) try to deal with the carnage Danny creates when he is in town. They always viewed Danny and his decisions as wrong, black and white, however it becomes apparent that they are in just as much of a grey area as him. It was always easier to think of themselves as better, but in the end they realize they may even be worse. As the show’s slogan hauntingly states, “We’re not bad people, but we did a bad thing.” Through all the fog, mirrors and palm trees, however, the question remains: What is missing? It dangles the flash-forward in front of the audience like a carrot on a stick, promising a rewarding finale. However, in the end it seemed to be unsurprising, without any twists or rewards. In the last few minutes, a small plot twist is squeezed in before the credits roll, but it still does not answer the question… why should we care?
RECORD ROUTINE
Lord Huron continues worthy indie-folk trend ALBUM REVIEW
Strange Trails Lord Huron By Rebecca Lawlor The Daily Cardinal
Growing up on a lake in Michigan, Ben Schneider spent most of his nights playing guitar by the campfire. Schneider’s love for music and creating art eventually led him to record his own EP years later, marking the creation of the American indie-folk band Lord Huron. Schneider eventually added four other men to accompany him in his band, most of whom he had known since childhood. The band’s first full-length album Lonesome Dreams was released in 2012 and was said to have a more harmony-rich rustic, indie feel. This past Tuesday, the now-quartet dropped their second album Strange Trails which again seems to evoke a more modern-day Wild West. The first track on the album, “Love Like Ghosts,” is a perfect example of Schneider’s impeccable and creative writing. The musician is inspired by the classic François de La Rochefoucauld quote “True love is like ghosts, which everyone talks about and few have seen.” The band expands
on the idea and creates a poetic song from a simple quote that is still relatable over 400 years later. The album’s first single, “The Night We Met,” is a classic harmony-filled Lord Huron hit. The band’s use of a simple lead guitar accompaniment in the verses creates a peaceful and beautifully sung track. Lord Huron understands how to utilize Ben Schneider’s unique lead vocals to their advantage. The sixth song on the album, “Fool for Love” is a faster tempo song that quite humorously tells the tale of a man hopelessly in love. Lord Huron’s specialty is telling stories in their threeminute songs. The track also proves the band has the ability to make their audience dance, like any other pop artist. Once again, Lord Huron released an album full of tracks that can truly move the listener. The band has been one of my favorites over the years and never seems to disappoint. Not only are the lyrics imaginative, but the music and instruments that accompany them always seems to fit perfectly. Lord Huron was named a major band to watch by Rolling Stone with their release of Lonesome Dreams in 2012. The band continues to make music that tells a story and I hope they continue to be recognized for their inventive songwriting and unique sound.
Grade: A
opinion Remember Lincoln for who he truly was dailycardinal.com
Max Lenz opinion editor
A
t 7:22 in the morning, 150 years ago today, the most brilliant political leader in our country’s history died, hunched over on a stranger’s bed that was too short for his body. He was 56 years old. In that time he accomplished more politically than anyone ever had and anyone ever will. In the years since, Lincoln has been over-symbolized, clichéd to the point of oblivion. We have taken a man who endured a dismal, melancholic existence in the pursuit of protecting this country, and the ideal that it stands as a bastion for, and have exploited him to the point that his last name is more associated with weird Matthew McConaughey commercials than it is with the man himself. This is a mistake. We cannot afford to lose him. He was the first great political leader in American history. This is not to take anything away from the likes of George Washington, but G.W. was a general at heart and in practice, Abraham Lincoln was a president. He was a man who could move a crowd to both applause and tears and later make difficult, but necessary, military decisions, and he did it all between jokes. Those who lead us today, and those who will take over for
Wednesday, April 15, 2015
them soon, should learn lessons from the man who made all of his decisions with the welfare of the citizenry (all of it) in mind. They should emulate the person who wasn’t afraid to surround himself with political opponents and remained steadfast in his purposes in the midst of unimaginable personal tragedy. They should never forget the man who gave his life to ensure that government of the people, by the people and for the people did not perish from the earth.
But none of that will happen. Who he actually was and what he truly stands for will continue to be lost as the man dissolves into the vaccuous world of tropes. Maybe I’m contributing to that by writing this article, and maybe I should not have simply referenced his most famous speech. This trend is not on the path to reversal, but it has to stop. We cannot allow ourselves, as a campus, to think of him as a statue we rub for good luck or a
lap we sit on when we graduate. He lived his life so intensely and so brilliantly, and he deserves to be spoken about as such. His life and what he stood for should be this country’s greatest export. He deserves to be remembered for who he was and mourned for what more he would have done. He saved us and gave us a credible place in this world, and we should treat his memory as such. Abraham Lincoln is our
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country’s most poetic hero. So it is fitting that I finish this love letter with the words of another one of his biggest fans. “But O heart! heart! heart!/ O the bleeding drops of red,/ Where on the deck my Captain lies,/ Fallen cold and dead.” Max is a junior majoring in political science and is clearly obsessed with our nation’s 16th president. Are you also a Lincoln enthusiast? Share your thoughts by emailing us at opinion@dailycardinal.com.
Nick Monfeli/Cardinal file photo
Abraham Lincoln should be revered by today’s politicians instead of being exploited by today’s commercial interests.
Competitive Republican primaries will benefit Clinton Benjamin Rangel Opinion Columnist
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his past Sunday Hillary Clinton announced her candidacy for president in 2016—the worst kept secret in politics. Over the last few weeks, Republican candidates have also
come forth with their respective declarations of candidacy with undoubtedly more to come. The large difference between the two is that Clinton has a better chance of winning the Democratic nomination without any serious competitor than any non-incumbent in recent
memory, while the Republicans have a long primary season ahead. Although presidential primaries can serve candidates well in preparation for national elections, they can also expose flaws of potential presidential contenders. For example, Mitt Romney was
Frank plitt/creative commons
Hillary Clinton may be benefitted by the lack of competition she will face in the primaries.
forced to appeal to the right on immigration during the primary debates countering his earlier sentiments on the issue, thus labeling him as a “flip-flopper” throughout the general election. Clinton will also benefit from not running in a primary by avoiding certain criticisms that would normally arise against a liberal candidate but would seem hypocritical if addressed by Republicans. For instance, Republicans are not likely to criticize her as being hawkish on national security, nor would candidates like Jeb Bush and Scott Walker be right in condemning her ties with Wall Street. Moreover, Clinton has experience campaigning on the national stage, so the benefits a candidate typically receives while in a primary are irrelevant to her. Not to mention, she will be unified with her party and its financial supporters. Furthermore the 2008 primary elections were as long as most general elections, and her experience as first lady and secretary of state provide further political know-how. On the other hand, Republicans will need to campaign tenaciously among each other as there is no clear front runner. Each candidate will do the work of the Clinton campaign in exposing the weaknesses of one another. The primary itself will be expensive for the Republican candidates and as a result drain funds that would undoubtedly be useful in the general election where,
if campaign funding trends continue, it will be the most expensive presidential campaign in history. In addition, Republican primary contenders must be able to appeal to the more conservative base of the Republican Party— those who will have a higher turnout during the primaries—while simultaneously not alienating themselves from more moderate, independent and swing voters.
Each candidate will do the work of the Clinton campaign in exposing the weaknesses of one another.
While the Republican primary heats up, Clinton will have ample time to prepare and capitalize on any mistakes made throughout the primary by the Republican candidates. Moreover, many of the Republicans are still not well known at the national level, benefitting Clinton on multiple levels. Although Clinton has little work to do in competing for the Democratic nomination, whichever Republican survives the primary process is sure to provide her with ample competition. What do you think of Benjamin’s perspective? Do you think Republican competition will benfit Hillary? Please send all comments to opinion@dailycardinal.com.
Sports
Wednesday, April 15, 2015 DailyCardinal.com
Football
Stave faces new challengers at QB
emily buck/cardinal file photo
D.J. Gillins, a four-star, dual-threat recruit out of Florida, has the athleticism to potentially challenge Stave for the starting spot under center this spring. By Lorin Cox the daily cardinal
It’s no secret that teams live and die by their quarterbacks, both at the collegiate and professional level. As Wisconsin fans have endured for years, a team can only go so far on the shoulders of its running backs. When it gets to those crucial third-down situations late in games, teams have to throw the ball, and the ones with the better quarterback usually finish on top. This was all too evident for the Badgers during the 2014 season, and it came to a pinnacle in the Big Ten Championship thrashing by Ohio State. Redshirt junior quarterback Joel Stave had to throw the
ball 43 times in that game, and he completed just under 40 percent of them with three interceptions. Fast forward to 2015, and Stave starts the spring as the clear-cut, No. 1 quarterback. He was recruited by Paul Chryst, he knows the offense and he is a leader of the team. However, at this point, he is what he is: an experienced but mediocre passer who limits what an offense can do. Chryst understands this, but he has a track record of putting his quarterbacks in positions to succeed. His quarterbacks systematically finish with a completion percentage over 60 and a healthy touchdown-to-interception ratio. They aren’t asked to do
too much, and they lean on their running backs. Chryst knows his players’ limitations, and he focuses on their strengths, like any good coach would do. It is clear from watching spring practice that he is really committed to putting Stave in that same position to succeed. Chryst knows that his QB can’t throw his receivers open, so what does he do? He leaves his graduate assistant Jon Budmayr to drill the quarterbacks while he goes over and works with wide receivers coach Ted Gilmore for a portion of practice. Chryst is officially the team’s quarterbacks coach, but Budmayr works with the position exclusively and han-
dles them when Chryst is away. Later, Chryst works his way over to the tight ends and fullbacks. He actually coached tight ends in the NFL for the San Diego Chargers for a few seasons around the turn of the century. Now obviously, he can’t coach every player and every position, but he understands that his receivers need to get separation and run their routes correctly to help Stave succeed. “I love the way he competes and the way he works,” offensive coordinator Joe Rudolph said of his senior QB. “No matter what your situation is, you’re always at least competing with yourself to kind of get better, to improve and to make adjustments.” All of this isn’t to say that Stave is guaranteed to be the man under center when the Badgers head to Texas to take on Alabama. Three other quarterbacks are seeing significant snaps at practice, to the point where it is very unclear who the No. 2 is. Former four-star recruit Bart Houston has been consistently inaccurate and late on his reads, but he’s much more experienced than the other competitors at the position. Early enrollee Alex Hornibrook, a lefty, has made some nice throws to the sideline, but he is struggling so far at reading the coverage over the middle of the field. The final quarterback competing among this top four is the one to keep an eye on. Coming off a redshirt year, freshman D.J. Gillins is beginning to separate himself from the pack, on and off the field.
“He’s been great,” Budmayr said. “D.J. is a hard worker, and he wants so badly to learn the system and know it inside and out. You appreciate that because he’s just a student of the game.” His offensive coordinator echoed these sentiments. “I like D.J. a lot, man,” Rudolph said. “I really like his approach. I think he is a guy that gets the most out of things. If he’s in a meeting, he’s grinding, and he’s taking notes on everything.” On the field, Gillins fired some absolute bullets to receivers over the middle, and he is by far the most mobile of the competing QBs. He definitely needs to work on his footwork, and it is clear that he is still in the process of slowing the game down, but when he is given time to throw and a simplified read, he shows the best arm on the roster by a decent margin. All of the things that Chryst does to put Stave in the optimal position work just as effectively for Gillins. At this point, Gillins needs his receivers and runners to help him out while he learns the system, just as Stave needs them to make up for his shortcomings. The team and coaches may be too strongly aligned with Stave to sit their redshirt senior in favor of Gillins, but the redshirt freshman can make the throws that Stave can’t. He’s a dark horse to start in 2015, but he can be the difference maker at quarterback that puts a team over the top, instead of coming up short in the Big Ten Championship once again.
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Joel Stave enters the spring as the Badgers’ clear-cut No. 1 option at quarterback, but faces competition from several teammates.
QBs seeing major snaps this spring
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Joel Stave redshirt senior
Bart Houston redshirt junior
Experience: Has gone 20-6 as a starter over the past three seasons for the Badgers.
Experience: Has seen very limited playing time, attempting more punts (7) than passes (4).
D.J. Gillins redshirt freshman
Alex Hornibrook freshman
Experience: A dual-threat quarterback who is coming off his redshirt season.
Experience: An early enrollee, he was given a three-star rating by all major recruiting services.