Useful references

American Psychiatric Association (Eds.) (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Bracha, H.S., Ralston, T.C., Matsukawa, J.M., Williams, A.E., Bracha, A.S. (2004) Does “fight or flight” need updating? Psychosomatics. London. Bracha, H.S. (2004) Freeze, flight, fright, faint: adaptionist prespectives on the acute stress response spectrum. CNS Spectr. Chellingsworth, M. (2020) Fears conquered with exposure and habituation. The CBT Resource. Chellingsworth, M., Laidlaw, K. and Davies, S. (2016) Low Intensity CBT with Older People. National curriculum for the IAPT Programme. Department of Health. Chellingsworth, M. (2017) Improve your mood with Behavioural Activation (BA). The CBT Resource. Gozza, A., Jain, A., Giovanelli, A. (2010) A neural switch for active and passive fear. Neuron 67:656-666. Kozlowska, K., Walker, P., McLean, L., Carrive, P. (2015) Fear and the defence cascade: clinical managament and implications. Harvard Rev Psychiatry. 2015. Jul: 23(4): 263-287. Fanselow, M.S. (1989) The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behaviour: an ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus substitution theory in Blanchard et al (1989) Experimental approaches to the study of behaviour. Kluwer Academic. Boston.

Farrand, P., Chellingsworth M. (2015). How to beat panic disorder one step at a time: Using evidence based low intensity CBT. Robinson. London. Lang, P.J., Simons, R.F., Balaban, M.T. (2013) Attention and orientating: sensory and motivational processes. Psychology Press. London.

Marks, I.M (1987) Fears, Phobias and Rituals: Panic, Anxiety and Their Disorders. Oxford University Press. Mobbs, D., Marchant, J.L., Hassabis, D. (2009) From threat to fear: the neural organization of defensive fear systems in humans. Journal of Neuroscience. 29: 12236-43. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: recognition and management. [CG113] (2011, last updated 26th July 2019). London. Porges, S.W. (2011) Polyvagal theory: neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, self regulation. Norton. London. Richards, D., Chellingsworth, M., Farrand, P. (2015) National curriculum for the education of psychological wellbeing practitioners. The Department of Health. London.