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SCENES FROM SD’S ACHIEVEMENT DAYS 7
Peyton Hellmann, 11, of Tabor, shows off her goat during the Bon Homme County 4-H Achievement Days on Friday, Aug. 3 at the Bon Homme County Fairgrounds in Tyndall. (Matt Gade / Republic)
Features
Wet season
creates concerns with farmers
Sunflower seeds see big growth in planting, farmers profiting
Maximizing time
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South Dakota Farm & Ranch is a monthly agricultural publication dedicated to informing South Dakota area farmers and ranchers about current topics, news and the future of agriculture. This publication fits the niche of our unique farmers and ranchers of South Dakota, and the diverseness we have in our state. Although the Missouri River divides our state, we are all South Dakotans and thank the land for supporting us each and every day. You, our readers, may be livestock ranchers, or row crop farmers, and everywhere in between, however, we all have a common goal in mind. We feed and support the growing population and want the next generation to find that same love, dedication and support that agriculture can offer. To subscribe to this FREE publication, contact South Dakota Farm & Ranch.
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Wet season creates concerns with farmers BY ABBIE LAMBERT South Dakota Farm & Ranch
F
all is just around the corner in South Dakota, and that means harvest season. With all the wet weather the state has seen, farmers needed to overcome some challenges to deal with results of the abundance of precipitation. “A few things I have seen over the past few weeks include some concerns about white mold in soybeans due to our very wet conditions for much of the growing season in combination with a few other factors that cause it to show up,” said SDSU Extension Agronomy Field Specialist Sara Bauder. White mold tends to develop when cool, wet weather is present during the flowering of soybeans. Bauder recommends the use of seed treatments to help protect crops from diseases like white mold, early in the growing season. But due to the amount of precipitation South Dakota has experience this summer, the appearance of the disease is not surprising. “It’s really been unusual for sure,” SDSU Extension State Climatologist Laura Edwards said about the amount of precipitation South Dakota has received. “I know from a statewide perspective there have been three daily rainfall reports that we’ve investigated as potential state records just this season.” Edwards said the state hasn’t had this wet of a season for some time. She found the last season that came close to the wetness of this season occurred in 2007. The wet conditions are causing many problems for farmers across the state. Bauder has received many questions regarding fields that didn’t get sprayed in a timely manner resulting in weed pressure. “This has been hard to mitigate, but we try to help folks on a case by case basis,” Bauder said. Damage to soybean fields due to gall midge and soybean aphids has also been reported in the last few months. “This means now is the time to start checking for aphids so folks stay ahead of the game,” Bauder said. Although much of South Dakota has seen above average rainfall amounts, there are still areas of the state that are experiencing a moderate drought. “The area of Aberdeen and southwest of Aberdeen, that area has been pretty dry this season,” Edwards said. “They just seem to miss quite a bit (of rain).” Heading into the fall and harvest time, forecasters are uncertain of what the season will bring and Edwards said it’s not unusual for the northern plains. “Precipitation in the northern plains is always kind of tricky. It’s one of the most challenging forecast,” she said. But as the state gets into the middle of fall, Edwards thinks most likely El Niño is going to be building up which often means a warmer, late fall and winter is coming. If it is dry, a warm harvest season will allow crops to hit maturity and can become a free grain dryer for farmers. As for the wet weather that came this spring and summer, farmers have to make the best of what crops they have left. “When we have unpredictable, wet weather in the spring and summer there just isn’t a lot farmers can do to control the outcome,” Bauder said. “I would say the major factors at this point are making sure everything is pollinating as we hope it does, and looking toward harvest.” AUG. 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 5
6 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH AUG. 2018
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Scenes from
SD’s Achievement Days SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH REPORTS PHOTOS BY MATT GADE
S
peckled across the state are youth competing in the 4-H Achievement Days throughout midto late summer, hoping to perfect their project for the upcoming South Dakota State Fair in Huron. 4-H Achievement Days go beyond the youth of South Dakota vying for their project exhibit to win them a ribbon at the county and state level. Each community, within their county’s 4-H chapter, hosts achievement days or a county fair in which youth participants ages 5 to 18 can present a project exhibit to a panel of judges in their respective town. Amber Erickson, SDSU Extension and 4-H youth development operations coordinator, said there is a variety of topics that participants can choose for their project exhibits. “No matter what their passion, 4-H Achievement Days gives a kid the opportunity to learn and engage in developing life skills,” Erickson said. Some of the project areas range from demonstrations, horticulture, home environment, livestock, pets and small horse shows. There are also a few sub-categories participants can enter, such as food and nutrition.
While each county chooses whether to hold 4-H Achievement Days or a county fair, participants who present a project exhibit at the county level automatically get an opportunity to take the project to the State Fair and compete for a ribbon. Ribbons are also awarded at the county level. The judges have varying backgrounds that qualifies them to be on the county panel ranging from industry professionals to experts in the project topics. “This also allows for our 4-H youth to showcase their projects that have been working on throughout the year,” Erickson said. “Allowing each participant that present an exhibit at the county level to enter the State Fair helps every kid get a chance to improve their project.” Registration deadline for the South Dakota State Fair 4-H Achievement Days was Aug. 20. Participants begin exhibiting their projects on Aug. 25 at the South Dakota State Fairgrounds in Huron.
Above: Rhett Marek, 9, fights with his cow to walk a circle around the arena during the Hanson County 4-H Achievement Days on Monday, August 6 at the 4-H grounds in Alexandria.
Continued on page 8 AUG. 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 7
Continued from page 7
Above photo: Bailey Fesitner, 13, shaves the wool off her sheep in preparing to show it during the Sanborn County 4-H Achievement Days on Friday in Forestburg at the Sanborn County 4-H Grounds. Left photo: Isabel Kayser, 9, relaxes in a chair drinking water next to the goat pens during the Hanson County 4-H Achievement Days on Monday, August 6 at the 4-H grounds in Alexandria. Right photo: Koye Mohnen, 9, fights with his cow to move it around the arena during the beef show during the Aurora County 4-H Achievement Days on Tuesday, August 7 at the 4-H grounds in Plankinton.
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family farms Above photo: Ella Fagerhaug, 10, right, and Jenna Haak, 10, wait behind the arena for the goat show to start during the Aurora County 4-H Achievement Days on Tuesday, August 7 at the 4-H grounds in Plankinton. Right photo: A.J. Armstrong, of Springfield, flips over the chicken while helping to prepare for the barbecue during the Bon Homme County 4-H Achievement Days on Friday, Aug. 3 at the Bon Homme County Fairgrounds in Tyndall. Continued on page 10
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Continued from page 9
Above photo: Kristin Kotas, 17, left, and Katelyn Kotas, 17, lead their pigs out into the arena for the pig show during the Hanson County 4-H Achievement Days on Monday, August 6 at the 4-H grounds in Alexandria. Left photo: 4-year-old Lane Faulhaber eats lunch in a chair in front of the sheep while attending the Aurora County 4-H Achievement Days on Tuesday, August 7 at the 4-H grounds in Plankinton. Right photo: Cannon Zoss sits a top the fence as sheep are tied up to show 4-H participants how the animals are judged as part of the livestock judging competition during the Sanborn County 4-H Achievement Days on Friday in Forestburg at the Sanborn County 4-H Grounds. Bottom right photo: Elizabeth Baumfalk, center, leads Riley Hellmann, left, and Anna Ray in walking their goats around during the goat show as part of the Bon Homme County 4-H Achievement Days on Friday, Aug. 3 at the Bon Homme County Fairgrounds in Tyndall. Bottom left photo: Ashlyn Roudabush, 11, washes off her cow Lizzy’s face while preparing to show Lizzy during the beef show as part of the Davison County 4-H Achievement Days livestock show on Thursday, Aug. 2 at the Davison County Fairgrounds in Mitchell.
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Above photo: Shiloh Senska, 11, removes the halters from his sheep after getting them in the pen before showing them later during the Sanborn County 4-H Achievement Days on Friday in Forestburg at the Sanborn County 4-H Grounds.. Right photo: Brodie Smith, 10, pulls 3-year-old Jayla Robideau in a cart while they were waiting for the start of the Davison County 4-H Achievement Days livestock show on Thursday, Aug. 2 at the Davison County Fairgrounds in Mitchell. Below photo: Brock Kotalik, 12, of Tabor, struggles to move his cow closer so he can tie it off to the fence post after washing it before the livestock show during the Bon Homme County 4-H Achievement Days on Friday, Aug. 3 at the Bon Homme County Fairgrounds in Tyndall.
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AUG. 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 11
Farmers ponder grain tariff counter-moves By Mikkel Pates Forum News Service FARGO — It won’t be a usual grain marketing year for Northern Plains farmers and grain elevator companies. Farmers and elevator operators are looking at temporary storage to wait out a tariff war. Many of the grains produced here are feeling the effects of Chinese tariffs in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum, said Frayne Olson, North Dakota State University crop marketing economist. The biggest challenge, and especially at harvest, will be soybean marketing because there are no soybean bids for local elevators to sell soybeans into
their traditional Pacific Northwest market. Those soybeans typically are sold to Asian markets, especially China, Olson said. Normally, this time of year, marketers have to line up ocean vessels and trains. That isn’t happening for soybeans, but there have been more bids for corn moving into the Pacific Northwest market. “It looks like there’s going to be a substitution” of corn for soybeans, Olson said.
Toughing it out Olson said some farmers will try to use more grain bags or ring-type sys-
tems to temporarily store soybeans, hoping for a price increase. Elevator managers are “very nervous” about storing soybeans outside, Olson said, because they are higher-valued per bushel and have higher oil content, making them more susceptible to rot. “If you lose 10 percent of your soybeans because of spoilage, that’s a really, really big number and it’s hard to make up,” Olson said. Ken Hellevang, an NDSU Extension grain management specialist, said he’s talked with elevator operators who are moving corn out of permanent storage into bunkers, intending to put soybeans into more permanent
structures. Hellevang said farmers typically can safely put soybeans into bin storage at 13 percent moisture for short-term, winter storage. But farmers shouldn’t store soybeans in exposed piles. A 1-inch rain can spoil the top 2 to 3 feet on a pile, which is “devastating” in most farm operations. Storing grain in “silo bags” on the ground is preferable to exposed piles, but the beans first should be dried to 11 percent moisture. Drying beans will reduce pounds for sale by roughly 2 percent and can cause breakage. The bags aren’t aerated and moisture can collect and move in them.
Be sure to watch Tuesday’s & Thursday’s Daily Republic Classifieds & Wednesday’s ADvisor Classifieds for upcoming listings of auctions! See these Auctioneers for all of your Real Estate, Farm, Household, Consignments, Business Liquidation or other needs.
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Sunflower seeds see big growth in planting, farmers profiting BY SAM FOSNESS The Daily Republic
I
n the middle of all the commodity crops speckled across the state lies a tall weed with radiant bright yellow flowers that farmers are planting more of: sunflowers. In South Dakota, the native North American weed has seen 18,000 more acres planted this year compared to last, and some area farmers are reaping the benefits. According to the United States Department of Agriculture’s June report, there have been 640,000 total acres planted this year compared to last year’s 622,000 acres planted. Chet Edinger, owner of Edinger Brothers Partnership, operates a large farm of wheat, corn, sunflower and soybean crops. Ten percent of his large farming operation is sunflowers. “Sunflowers have been a good crop for us and they have been profitable for us, but there are more challenges that come with growing the crop,” said Edinger, whose farm is near Mount Vernon. The increased demand in vegetable oil and birdseed markets is also helping boost the profits of the sunflower crop. “Right now, the European market is hot, so our processors are shipping most of our seeds overseas this year,” Edinger said. “In fact, most of my seeds are being exported to Spain and Turkey.” The sunflower crop is able to grow in the highly variable weather conditions South Dakota experiences like the state has seen this summer. “It has a tap root that can go down quite deep to pull moisture and nutrients if it runs of gas on top, so that’s another benefit of growing sunflowers,” Edinger said. “They tend to do better in conditions that corn and soybean won’t do well in.” The sunflower’s ability to withstand dry and humid conditions makes it a hedge crop for farmers who plant it in mid-April to May.
A weather hedge crop acts as an insurance type of crop that will produce profit when others won’t, like soybeans and corn. “Fortunately, this year the weather has been great for our corn and soybean, so we haven’t relied on the sunflower crop to act as a hedge crop,” Edinger said. “But our sunflower crops are clicking right along as well this year.” While there are benefits to farming sunflowers, Edinger said there are plenty of challenges, as well. Chief among the challenges are pests. And lots of them. “There are a lot more pests that attack sunflowers because they are a native species, which requires more work,” Edinger said. “Seed size also plays a role in the profits made from the crop.” Farming the crop is unique compared to other commodity crops such as soybeans, corn and winter wheat. It’s a broadleaf crop and needs to be rotated at least every three years. “I rotate my sunflower crops every two years, using a grass crop in between,” Edinger said. While many discover sunflower seeds for the first time by throwing a wad of the salt-coated black shells in their mouth, using their teeth to crack through it and consume the bare seed, they are much more than a baseball game snack. The rich amount of vitamin E in bare sunflower seeds makes it a superfood when dehulled. Dehulling is the process of packaging the meat of the seed by itself, removing the shell. Wild Dutchman Seeds is a company with its headquarters in Mound City, South Dakota which does just that: process and package seeds. “Sunflower seeds really depend on the European market, and it’s a very fluid dynamic on the market,” Edinger added. “To pinpoint a truckload of where a package of sunflower seeds will go is not that easy.”
A field of sunflowers just east of the Missouri River south of Highway 44. (Matt Gade / Republic)
AUG. 2018 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 13
Maximizing time on the farm/ranch BY LORI TONAK, instructor SDCFRM
W
Not worth twining over
orking with farmers and ranchers the past five years, I have seen some evolving trends that I feel need to be discussed. Agriculture has followed BY AMY KIRK for South Dakota Farm & Ranch the trend of our society in general-taking on more work and adding to the stress of our jobs. f you feel like something’s missing in your life it’s I am as guilty as anyone, so I want to talk about probably baling wire. All those problems you haven’t this trend. been able to resolve most likely only needed some baling As our farms and ranches have grown in size, wire to fix. For example, look at all the problems you more management is required by the owner/ Tonak tried to fix with twine. Baling wire outlasts twine. operator. Most every producer I work with is I know everybody out there loves their twine and net passionate about production agriculture. They wrapped hay but a guy can’t get his money out of net wrap twice and live to be out in nature, tilling soil, spotting crops, checking livestock twine doesn’t last for decades the way baling wire does. Granted, round and just the general tasks required every day of the year. What they bales aren’t baled with wire and finding square balers that still use wire is do not like doing is farm record keeping, marketing and being trapped rarer than a ranch wife understanding her husband’s hand signals. Twine in an office! I fully understand this thought process, but I also see the and net-wrapped bales are great progressive inventions that help shed stress of the avoidance of farm records. Stress levels in November water better but that’s the only thing you get out of twine and net wrap; increase rapidly as fall harvest is being completed and the producer one-time use. Once twine and net wrap have served their purpose, both worries about getting the finances in order for pre-tax planning. This are useless, but baling wire, now that is a perpetually reusable resource. leads to many hours spent in November and December trapped in the You can get your money’s worth ten times over. office trying to “catch up” on those finances and doing the most hated You don’t find baling wire in dumpsters and landfills (or cows’ tasks for 15 hours straight. Stress out central!!!! stomachs) the way you do twine and net wrap. You’re more likely to find So, how can this be fixed? Not sure but I have some suggestions. baling wire holding a dumpster together if there’s one on a ranch. Baling This past week I was visiting with a few producers that had some great wire is highly revered for its usefulness and gets reused indefinitely. strategies I would like to share: Everybody needs baling wire to make their life complete and here’s • When it is a scorching day and you can’t take one more minute in the why: sun, take a break in the office in the air conditioning for an hour. Drink You feel a sense of accomplishment when you are able to fix some water and write out bills or enter some checks in the computer something with baling wire because you usually don’t have to deal accounting system. with it again. • In the morning while the dew is still on the ground, and if you don’t It’s addictive and entertaining to come up with and see all the have cattle to check, spend a few minutes entering some information in different ways to repurpose baling wire. Once you start using it you’ll the computer or filing invoices in the file cabinet. never use a piece of twine to fix anything again. • If a spouse/partner is entering finances in an accounting program, take Baling wire usage has a snowball effect. Once you start using it, a half hour/hour to answer any questions they may have about deposits, you come up with more reasons to use it and more ways to use it. checks, and invoices. Using baling wire on the ranch is the equivalent to all the ways you The other stress going on this time of the year is the amount of work to can use vinegar and baking soda in a household. be done and there is no end in sight. Tempers can get short as breakdowns You’ll wonder how you ever got by without it before. happen, harvest is not as timely as it needs to be, and crops are too wet/ It’s a quick and inexpensive fix. It’s a band-aid fix with long-lasting dry. No matter how hard a farmer/rancher works, they never seem to results; or at least until the problem is in the hands of the next catch up with the workload. Sometimes, in those moments, it is easy to generation. just keep spinning our wheels and beating ourselves up. At those times, it is Whether a young kid or grown man, it keeps them occupied. essential to stop, take the family or significant other and spend a day doing Baling wire is something adult men can fiddle with while visiting something away from the operation. I know that is not when someone wants over a pickup box or to entertain youngsters with once all the to take a day off, but it is probably the most important time to take a break. standard entertainment items have tapped their attention span. Reconnecting to what is truly important helps to relieve stress and energize Using it is not dangerous to life or limb. Although not impossible, the batteries for another week or month. Loved ones will remember those it is hard to hurt yourself with baling wire. moments and cherish them. Unlike your spouse or kids, you can manipulate the heck out of These are just some of the thoughts that have been spinning through my it to get it to do what you want. mind the last few days, but individual producers must make decisions for Baling wire has a long fence life. what is best for their operation. It’s portable, easy to pack along, convenient, efficient, handy, If any producer would like more information on the South Dakota 2017 and quick-fixing. Annual Report, it can be found at www.sdcfrm.com under Resources. To If you haven’t figured out what’s missing in your life, get contact the SDCFRM office or any of our instructors, call 1-800-684-1969 or yourself a piece of baling wire. Who cares what the problem is. email us at sdcfrm@mitchelltech.edu. Source: Mitchell Technical Institute Baling wire can probably fix it. 14 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH AUG. 2018
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