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INSIDE THIS ISSUE Features No-till farm earns SD Leopold Conservation Award 5 Striking a balance for advancing CAFOS 7 SDSU’s Dunn speaks about food challenges for the future 10 Expert: Trust in food system needs more outreach 13 Publisher JO N I H A R M S Editor L U K E H AG EN
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South Dakota Farm & Ranch is a monthly agricultural publication dedicated to informing South Dakota area farmers and ranchers about current topics, news and the future of agriculture. This publication fits the niche of our unique farmers and ranchers of South Dakota, and the diverseness we have in our state. Although the Missouri River divides our state, we are all South Dakotans and thank the land for supporting us each and every day. You, our readers, may be livestock ranchers, or row crop farmers, and everywhere in between, however, we all have a common goal in mind. We feed and support the growing population and want the next generation to find that same love, dedication and support that agriculture can offer. To subscribe to this FREE publication, contact South Dakota Farm & Ranch.
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Michelle Rook / Forum News Service The Johnsons, winners of this year’s South Dakota Leopold Conservation Award, believe conservation is what will keep their farm in business for the next generation.
No-till farm earns SD Leopold F
By Michelle Rook Forum News Service
RANKFORT, S.D. — Conservation is a conscious choice for the Johnsons, this year’s winner of the South Dakota Leopold Conservation Award. Alan and Mickie, son Brian and wife Jamie farm 1,800 acres of cropland and 500 acres of grassland. The focus on conservation at Johnson Farms started with the decision to go 100% no-till after Alan grew tired of watching the lack of moisture on their farm limit yield potential. “Back when I grew up, it was always dry. You know, we were always struggling with moisture and it just frustrated me so much,” he said. So he talked to Duane Beck at the Dakota Lakes Research Farm near Pierre about switching to no-till on his farm. “In 1986, I no-tilled every acre of corn into wheat stubble, just all in and it worked,” he said. Johnson was truly an innovator because, at the time, no-till went against the norm. He initially converted to no-till to save moisture but also integrated cover crops and diverse crop rotations into the system like corn, soybeans, oats, wheat and barley. Soon, he realized many other benefits, such as better weed control, less soil erosion and improved soil structure. “The ground has really mellowed up. The organic matter has come up, I know, from when I started. I have to look at the soil samples and check, but I know it’s probably come up a point and a half,” he said. Johnson also adopted a no-till system because he was farming himself and he did not want to hire additional help. He said he’s been able to achieve many more efficiencies beyond just labor savings. “Oh, just less time, less fuel ... it just helps with your costs. The whole system has worked for us,” he said. Alan’s son Brian said for them, conservation and sustainability have always gone hand-in-hand. “We’ve seen improvements in soil health as well as a water retention. Our cropping system helps build the soil aggregates and just have a lot of diversity in our crop rotation,” he said. The Johnsons integrated cattle into the operation to utilize some of the land that is not farmable. The cattle also fall graze cover crops and crop residue.
“By using the cover crops and the crop residue for them to graze on in early winter until you get too much snow, it helps. It adds to your bottom line and its good for the soil,” Brian said. “They’re breaking up that residue so that it breaks down faster the next season. It’s better for the crop ground as well, because we can cut back on our fertilizer application a little bit because of the livestock being integrated on the crop ground.” Johnson Farms also participates in USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service programs such as the Conservation Reserve Program and Conservation Stewardship Program to further address soil erosion and salinity problems. They’re also enrolled in the Environmental Quality Insurance Program. “Mostly because we’re going to put some water tanks in some certain areas of fields for rotational grazing, put the livestock back on the cropland with the cover crops and the crop residue,” Brian said. They also hope to improve their existing shelterbelts and build some new ones in the calving pastures.
Continued on page 6
Michelle Rook / Forum News Service Johnson Farms, this year’s South Dakota Leopold Conservation Award winners, were innovators in no-till.
July 2019 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 5
Continued from page 5 The Johnsons have also adopted technology like variable rate seed and fertilizer application based on soil tests and moisture, which has increased production on their farm in both dry and wet years. “We’ve had really good yields on our farm, they keep going up and now it’s just a matter of making sure that it’s profitable,” Brian said. He said a profitable operation involves being sustainable, which for them is doing what is right for their operation. “Conservation is what we’ve been doing here for 30 some years, and it’s why we’re still here,” he said. “If we’re good to the environment and good to the soil on our operation, it’s something that we can continue for the other generations.”
Michelle Rook / Forum News Service The Johnsons have integrated cattle into the operation to utilize some of the land that is not farmable.
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Striking a balance for advancing CAFOs Nearly 450 operations are permitted in South Dakota By Marcus Traxler South Dakota Farm and Ranch
H
URON — In a world and an industry that is always changing, the same can be said for commercial animal feeding operations. The South Dakota Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, the Natural Resources Conservation Service and South Dakota State University Extension led an environmental training session for CAFO operators on June 26 in Huron. About 25 individuals were in attendance at the event at the Crossroads Event Center. While various training courses have always been required for commercial animal feeding operations in the state, the state DENR reissued its General Water Pollution Control Permit in April 2017, requiring operations to obtain coverage under the new rules between one and four years later, or by April 2021. The course in Huron required that an on-site representative attends an environmental training program within the last three years prior to obtaining a new permit. The general permit contains the standards regulated by state or federal law, and provides DENR with a mechanism to efficiently permit a large number of operations, explained Jason Roggow, who has worked for the South Dakota Department of Environmental and Natural Resources for about 20 years.
Continued on page 8
Marcus Traxler / South Dakota Farm and Ranch Jason Roggow, a natural resources engineer with the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, speaks to a group of producers at a commercial animal feeding operation training event on June 26 in Huron.
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Continued from page 7
Marcus Traxler / South Dakota Farm and Ranch Jason Roggow, a natural resources engineer with the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, speaks to a group of producers at a commercial animal feeding operation training event on June 26 in Huron.
8 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH July 2019
“For the majority of the individuals, it’s a requirement for maintaining coverage under their permits, so hopefully they’re gaining the information to stay in compliance under the permit,” Roggow said of the event. “But beyond just the regulatory scope of this, there’s a whole bunch of other options and practices that producers can implement, so that they can apply that knowledge and information for their operations.” Roggow urged attendees to keep an open mind and to use the information that was given about manure management, nutrient management, air quality and odor, soil erosion and water quality. He asked those in attendance to think about what environmental risks exist at their facilities and consider what can be done to manage those. “It’s about taking action and being proactive, as much as possible,” he said. A number of SDSU experts spoke about their areas of expertise, as well. David Kringen, a water resources field specialist for SDSU Extension based in Mitchell, said that once phosphorous gets in a particular water system, it’s hard to get it out. “It doesn’t like to leave,” he said. Kringen noted Lake Mitchell, for example, is a 700-acre lake but has a 350,000-acre watershed. He said focusing efforts on prevention as much as possible will take water quality a long way. “It’s like that old saying: an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure,” he said. “Make a good plan, follow it, and you’ll be good to go.” Todd Trooien, who is a professor in the department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering at SDSU, said the definition of water quality depends on what one is using it for. “For some of us on a hot day, the best water quality is what comes out of the end of a garden hose,” he joked. “It all depends on what the water is going to be used for. Livestock will appreciate water differently than from irrigation, or from human consumption.” Trooien said there’s no question South Dakota has had issues with water quality. He said a low percentage of the state’s rivers and lakes have been assessed for water impairment, but of those that have been assessed, 78 percent have been deemed impaired.
Continued on page 9
Marcus Traxler / South Dakota Farm and Ranch David Kringen, a water resources field specialist for SDSU Extension based in Mitchell, speaks to a group of producers at a commercial animal feeding operation training event on June 26 in Huron.
Continued from page 8 Trooien said striking a balance between new science and traditional farming practices is not always easy, but he said it’s about looking for opportunities. “We really want to make it advantageous to farmers to make changes, if changes are needed, or if they’re beneficial,” he said. “We want it to be an incentive, where it’s not the stick, but it’s the carrot.” Ryan Samuel, an assistant professor and SDSU Extension Swine Specialist, spoke about the importance of manure for cash flow. “Cash flow is part of manure,” he said. “Value and cash flow, you can base on manure.” Samuel, who grew up in Alberta, Canada, and raised swine, spoke in highly technical terms about diet and nutrient management and explained the effect of particle size on costs. Diet and nutritional decisions, he said, have a major impact on the nutrient and economic value of manure. “The science, we spend a lot of time there and the decimal points of the diet,” Samuel said. “I can tell to the decimal point of how we’ve tested the diet, but what does it actually look like when it gets to the farm, or when it gets to the pig. That’s something we spend a lot of time on.”
stabled or confined for 45 days or more in any 12-month period, and also have no vegetation present during the normal growing season. As of June, South Dakota had 448 permitted CAFOs through the DENR. That included 166 beef cattle operations with 563,565 head, 46 dairy cattle operations with 134,737 head, and 139 swine operations with 735,038 head of cattle. The state’s 17 livestock auction locations are also permitted under the CAFO process. South Dakota has had authority to implement CAFO regulations since 1993, but the Environmental Protection Agency retains oversight. In 2003, the EPA required all CAFOs to be permitted, and South Dakota issued new general permit rules that year, while in 2007, South Dakota passed a law requiring CAFOs to operate under a general or individual water pollution control permit. Roggow explained that changes in EPA standards in 2012 were significant, and was one of the major reasons producers were at the meeting in Huron. But the most recent permit change is an effort to streamline regulations, he said. “We can write as many permits and programs as we want, but it comes down to producers following their own permits and those rules,” he said.
The future looks so much brighter
A history of commercial animal operations
Commercial animal feeding operations are defined as animals that are
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July 2019 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 9
SDSU’s Dunn speaks about food challenges for future S
Matt Gade / South Dakota Farm and Ranch South Dakota State University President Barry Dunn gives his speech “Great Challenges Bring Exciting Opportunities” July 11 at the South Dakota Governor’s Ag Summit at the Sioux Falls Convention Center.
By Marcus Traxler South Dakota Farm and Ranch
IOUX FALLS — South Dakota State University President Barry Dunn joked 2019 might not be the right year for his talk at the Governor’s Agriculture Summit. But Dunn spoke about the challenges agriculture faces in overproducing, protecting the environment and delivering leaders for the next generation during his address to summit attendees July 11 at the Sioux Falls Convention Center. Dunn made the joke about the timeliness of his talk because 2019 won’t be a year when South Dakota will overproduce, with the state feeling the challenges of one of its wettest spring seasons ever. “I know it’s gutsy to have this talk in a year like this, when we won’t overproduce,” he said. But Dunn — an SDSU alumnus who previously was an animal science professor and dean of the College of Agricultural and Biological Sciences before becoming SDSU’s president since April 2016 — said food remains complicated, and that in almost every major country in the world, they are overproducing food.
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Continued on page 11
Matt Gade / South Dakota Farm and Ranch A crowd of people listen as South Dakota State University President Barry Dunn gives his speech at the South Dakota Governor’s Ag Summit July 11 at the Sioux Falls Convention Center.
Continued from page 10 “If you came from Mars and walked into a supermarket, you’d be absolutely floored,” he said. “The choices are incredible, fresh fruit and vegetables all year-round. We have very safe food. It’s an amazing experience to go through a supermarket.” Dunn contrasted that to nutrition stores, which claim to carry a wide variety of nutritional products for people’s health. “There’s pills and powders and all kinds of stuff but there’s no food,” Dunn said. “The store can be called Complete Nutrition, but that can’t be complete nutrition.” He said he attended a recent farmers market in Brookings where green beans were priced at $4 per pound, but at Walmart, green beans in the fresh produce section were 75 cents per pound, noting the significant price difference. Dunn said that consumer preference and consumer ability to pay remain important. “We have producers that sell green beans to both Walmart and the local farmers market,” he said. “Walmart provides very good food at an extremely low price, which is important to consumers. There’s very few people that can pay five times more for something that has the same values and fibers.” He hopes that more agriculture industries can follow the lead of Certified Angus Beef, which was created in 1977 when ranchers were seeking a way to identify top cattle and provide consumers with high-quality beef. Dunn called it “one of the best success stories in agriculture and business.” Dunn also touched on the decision from General Mills in 2018 to work with a farm near Pierre to convert 34,000 acres to organic to grow wheat for a macaroni and cheese line. “We can ask why (General Mills is) entering production agriculture. … But they couldn’t source the quality of cereal grains that they expected and could trust,” Dunn said, noting General Mills has 6,000 food brands and thousands more products. “We better be aware and be ready for change … because it has an effect on all of us.” Regarding erosion, Dunn said the agriculture community can and must do better, adding that consumers will have more trust in the industry as they look to farmers as stewards of the nation’s collective resources. He said South Dakota’s loss in crop diversity is alarming to him. “We have a rocky history with the environment in agriculture,” he said. “The Dust Bowl days were the result of production that was out of sync
with the climate and conditions.” Dunn cited the actions that SDSU has taken to advance agricultural efforts. He noted the rural veterinary medical education partnership the university has now with the University of Minnesota, where students would attend two years in Brookings and two years in St. Paul, with the new format set to begin in 2021. The university has opened an e-trading lab and has been building the $58 million South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory in Brookings, and working to build a new $46 million precision agriculture facility. In 2018, SDSU had 57 students majoring in precision agriculture, with 90 more minoring in the field. “SDSU has the facilities, faculty, programs, leadership to help South Dakota meet exciting challenges we face,” Dunn said. “We need to encourage and help young people explore leadership opportunities. It’s our duty in a participatory democracy to have those leaders advance.”
Matt Gade / South Dakota Farm and Ranch South Dakota State University President Barry Dunn gives his speech titled “Great Challenges Bring Exciting Opportunities” during the South Dakota Governor’s Ag Summit July 11 at the Sioux Falls Convention Center.
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Matt Gade / South Dakota Farm and Ranch Roxi Beck, the director of consumer engagement at the Center for Food Integrity, delivers her talk on July 11 at the South Dakota Governor’s Ag Summit at the Sioux Falls Convention Center.
Trust in food system needs more outreach, expert says S
By Marcus Traxler South Dakota Farm and Ranch
IOUX FALLS — In a battle over educating the public on agriculture and food, a speaker told South Dakota farmers that local education and understanding consumer desires and concerns can go a long way. Roxi Beck, who works as the consumer engagement director for the Kansas City-based Center for Food Integrity, told attendees of the Governor’s Agriculture Summit July 11 at the Sioux Falls Convention Center that their organization’s research shows that 60 percent of the general public wants to know more about the food they are eating — in both how it is grown and manufactured — but the gap is only growing between the food system and what consumers perceive. Beck said that farmers are better served to try to understanding that
consumers are important, and engaging the public about what they do on the farm and in their operations. “Let’s be as willing to understand their reality as we want them to be understanding ours,” Beck said. The Center for Food Integrity, a non-profit formed in 2007, says it tries to provide information for a balanced public discussion about food and agriculture. It says it does not lobby or advocate on behalf of brands, companies or production methods, but rather tries to provide credible, balanced information that helps the food system earn trust. The organization is supported by some of the biggest agribusiness and retail companies in the world: Bayer, Cargill, Costco, Kroger, Merck, Smithfield Foods and Sysco.
Continued on page 14 July 2019 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH 13
Continued on page 13 While it might be uncomfortable, Beck said agriculture and farming has to understand why people are being skeptical. She said people can easily find things to back up their beliefs online. “We, as agriculture, have spent a lot of time to correct that information,” she said. “We’ve gone to those advocacy groups and told them we’re wrong. But today, they’re going to find information that fits with what they think. Let’s dig into why and what they’ve read. Education can be the outcome but it should not be the outcome.” Labeling and marketing concerns about phrases such as organic or non-GMO was an area Beck was asked about from the crowd of summit attendees. She said overall, people make decisions based on who and what they trust, and science has a better chance of being understood by people if it’s presented in a way they can understand.
14 SOUTH DAKOTA FARM & RANCH July 2019
“Organic means a lot of different things to different people, even though it has a very narrow definition through USDA,” Beck said. And of course, price, taste and convenience will still make an impact, she said, as long as companies are advertising four frozen pizzas for $5, she said. “People are looking for foods that can check a number of options, but price is still going to make an impact. … Those things still matter.” Beck said it is impossible to please everyone, and ag producers shouldn’t feel responsible for having to change anyone’s mind. She said it’s important to let consumers know that farmers care. “The way you can end every conversation with someone that disagrees with you is that we’re grateful to live in a country where we’re fortunate to have so many food choices,” she said. “It’s time to embrace skepticism, embrace concern. Because we haven’t in the past.”
Matt Gade / South Dakota Farm and Ranch Roxi Beck, the director of consumer engagement at the Center for Food Integrity, delivers her talk on July 11 at the South Dakota Governor’s Ag Summit at the Sioux Falls Convention Center.
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