The Trail- Volume 16 Issue 1

TRAIL

ELITISM & AIR POLLUTION

THE NOT SO FUN SIDE OF TRAVEL

JOINING THE RANKS OF OIL

POTENTIAL TO HELP THE PLANET

Letter From the Editor

HiTrailReaders,

Welcome back to another semester! Even though the treesarestillleaf-lessandweareinthehomestretchof winter, I think we can all agree that it has been a concerningly mild winter. As a student in the environmentalfield,Iamthinkingaboutclimatechange all the time, but this winter I have definitely felt its impacts.Itiseasytofeelpowerlessagainstthewarming asanindividual.

As we all navigate the uncertain futures of climate change, young adulthood, and college life, there are plentyofdifficultdecisionswearefacedwith.Thisissue focusesonjustafewofthose.Iamextremelyproudofall ofourstafffortheirinsightandworkonthisissue.With that,thisisStudentsatCrossroads.

Sincerely,

MiaWeinberg Editor-in-Chief

Meet Ou S ff

I am a plant collector and my favorite flower is the peony.

Amanda Spinweber

Designer

IhaveapetTilapianamedPiranhawhohelps growmyplants

Ale Desi

Graphic Designer

Graphic

Amillia Keagle Photographer

Meet Our Staff

Analiese Haag

Writer & Editor

Chris McLaughlin

Writer & Editor

I played professional ultimate frisbee with the New York Empire.

Emily Sullivan

Writer & Editor

I love studying agriculture-related topics. I have a pet tarantula (Aphonopelma chalcodes) named Fluffy

Evan DeAngelis Writer & Editor

Ihaveworkedinforestry,restoration, monitoring,andotherconservationareasfor nearlyadecade

Me

Khush Pate

I volunteered with baby howler monkeys and two-toed sloths

Itakemycoffeewithhoneyinsteadofsugar!:)

Meet Our Staff

I’ve traveled to three countries in 2023.

I signed the Berlin Wall!

I have a fear of heights but I love roller coasters.

Ilovetosing,IrunafoodaccountonInstagram, andlobstersaremyfavoriteanimal

Shan Chen

Priyal Patel

Designer, Writer & Editor

Graphic Designer

Santiago Varela

Writer & Editor

Stella Campbell

Writer & Editor

Offshore Wind Symposium

On Thursday, January 12th, 2023, I attended the Offshore Wind Energy Symposium hosted by Rutgers Offshore Wind Collaborative. The event hosted multi-disciplinary scholars along with industry and government professionals sharing their work and opportunities in the realm of Offshore Wind. This event was the first Offshore Wind Symposium ever hosted at Rutgers.

WhatisOffshoreWind?

Here I share my key takeaways from the event: what offshore wind is, opportunities for economic and equitable development in New Jersey, and my experience attending as a student.

AccordingtotheBureauofOceanEnergyManagement(undertheDepartment of the Interior), the agency responsible for “offshore renewable energy developmentinFederalwaters,”offshorewindfarmssituatedinabodyofwater generateelectricityutilizingwindtoflowturbineblades.Turbineblades“are connectedtoadriveshaftthatturnsanelectricgeneratortoproduceelectricity” (BOEM).Offshorewindisregionspecific,locatedinmajorcoastalloadcenters. Turbinesaresecuredbyfoundationsdrilledintotheseafloor.Theproductionof windpowerhasthepotentialtoprovideampleenergytothesurroundingregion. Electricityproducediscarriedviatransmissioncablesburiedintheseafloor.

StellaCampbell

WhyOffshoreWind?OpportunitiesforEquitableDevelopment

NewJerseyfacesgrowingenergydemandasthemostdenselypopulatedstatein theUnitedStates.Throughoutthesymposium,offshorewindwascitedasan opportunity for New Jersey to decrease dependence on other states in the Midwestforenergysupply.Moreover,KrisOhleth theDirectoroftheSpecial InitiativeonOffshoreWind,emphasizedthatforNewJersey,offshorewind generates “power for the people,” since ports must be centered near local populations for distribution. Furthermore, presenters highlighted that the production of wind turbines and their subsequent maintenance serve as opportunitiestoleveragejobsincoastalandmarginalizedcommunities.

MyExperience

Underpinningtheeventwastheappreciationthatfossilfuelsarenotviableina warmingclimate.Assuch,thetopicoffossilfuelswasnotwidelydiscussed. Yet, event goers listened to presenters allude to our energy choices as they emphaticallystatedthatwecould“paynowandplaylater”or“playnowand paylater”intermsoftransitioningtosustainablealternatives.Overthecourseof the eight-hour symposium, I listened to several research presentations, participatedinaWorldCaferoundtablediscussion,andnetworkedwithothers eagertolearnaboutthefieldofoffshorewind.Manyresearchpresentations, especiallyonesrelatingtonaturalandphysicalsciences,feltquiteforeigntome assomeonegearedmoretowardthesocialsciences.Inthefuture,Iwouldlove for presenters involved in natural and physical scientific research to communicate their ongoing studies in layperson's terms to resonate with a broaderaudience.Still,Iappreciatedtheopportunitytobeprimedtotherelevant languageofanemergentrenewablefieldinNewJerseyandalsotoparticipatein alivelymultidisciplinaryexchangeofideas.

Offshore Wind Diagram (Office of Electricity, 2022)

Student Access to Produce

EmilySullivan

AttheLandgrantuniversityofNew Jersey,agricultureisamajorareaof researchandeducation.Butina

large urban school, How much access to produce do Rutgers students have, and howcantheybetterconnecttotheirfood? When speaking with other Rutgers students,theyrecognizedthelimitedaccess to grocery stores on or close to Rutgers campuses. There are almost none within close proximity, except for Bravo Supermarkets on George Street. One Rutgers student said, “it is too expensive for me, but that’s what is available.” Rutgers Campus may seem like a food desert for those without access to a meal plan or the finances for frequenting local barsorrestaurants.

ManystudentsareawareoftheCollege FarmandstoreonCookcampus,butthe opportunitiessurroundanimalproducts anddonotprovideanyconnectionto cropsorgardening Sohowdostudentsget accesstofreshfood?Howarewemoving forward?

Another option to access produce is through Rutgers Gardens. Rutgers gardens has opportunities ranging from service to internships. They even have Cook’s Market, which is open May to December and has a stand for the Rutgers Gardens Student Farm(StudentFarm–Rutgers Gardens, 2023). Students can sign up to volunteer or apply forinternshipprogramstolearn

Community Supported Agriculture Program for those interested in purchasing a share andpickingupfreshfoodfrom Cook’sMarket

Thoughtheseareallwonderful opportunities, the question is how accessible is this for all Rutgersstudents?Themarketis open, a majority of the time, when classes are not in session (MaytoDecember).Inthefall

great opportunity, but farm local, fresh produce is not necessarilyineveryone’sbudget. Whilemakingawalking orbus route to Rutgers Garden and CookMarketisa ong-termgoal, currently many students do not have the privilege of owning a vehicle or any transportation that could make the market accessible How has Rutgers helpedensurethatcouldmake

CooksMarketattheRutgersGardens/AlexaHaris

the market accessible. Luckily, there is another option

The George Street Co-op is a vegetarian natural foodmarketthatisathreeminutewalkfromthe EE’s bus stop near So-Cam apartments. They prioritizesellingvegetarian,organic,fresh,and

“Rutgers studentscan visitthefood pantryand

getproducethereorreceivea vouchertogototheNew BrunswickCommunityFarmers Marketandpickproduce.

bulk food items. They sell much more than just fooditemsandholdacalmcafespaceforpeople toenjoywithoutthepressureofspendingmoney onitems.ImetwithMikeandJohntogetatour ofthemarketandseeformyselfiftheCo-opis really an accessible option for students. Walking around,thespacefeltverycalmandconnectedas it was clear that this place had been an integral partofthecommunityforalongtime.Thebulk products allowed for people to bring their own jars and containers. It felt like the perfect intersection of community and thoughtful consumption. They said that during the school year, students represented more customers than anyotherdemographicgroup.Notonlythat,bu theCo-ophashadalonghistoryofconnectionto Rutgers students. Though it is not officially affiliated with the University, the George Street Co-opwasfoundedbyRutgersstudentsinthe

CooksMarketattheRutgersGardens/AlexaHaris early 1970s. The Co-op is very dependent on volunteers and is a New Jersey nonprofit organization Thismeanstheyareabletocharge slightlylessonsomeitems.Thisspotisawayto

purchase nutritious foodandfeelconnected tothecommunitywhile on a college budget. Even with purchasing inbulkandshoppingat a nonprofit co-op, the priceofallfresh

Dr

producehasincreasedandmanystudentsmaystill lack the funds to purchase fresh food How has Rutgershelpedensurethatstudentshaveaccessto fresh vegetables in a time where produce is expensive?

To answer this, I spoke with Dr. Cara Cuite, a healthpsychologistandAssistantExtension

Cuite/Rutgersedu

SpecialistintheDepartmentofHumanEcology. She is an instrumental component in Rutgers’ battleagainstfoodinsecurityamongstudents.Dr. Cuite“studiesfoodinsecurityincollegestudents and the wider community, as well as risk communication and public perceptions of foodrelated issues,” (Bezborodko, 2023). When workingonaprojectonfoodinsecurityinNew Brunswick around 2015 and 2016, the research showedthat“morestudentswereintheRutgers

Food Pantry than ever before.” Dr. Cuite has continued working in this area and did subsequent surveying in 2016, 2019, and, most recently, in fall of 2022 Her most recent surveyingincludedtheothercampusesinNewark andCamden.Inalargeteamfilledwithgraduate

Researchshowsthatonein everythreestudentsisdealing withfoodinsecurity.

students and other specialists, the research found thatoneineverythreestudentsisdealingwithfood insecurity.Thereweresomevariationscorrelating tograduateandundergraduatelevelstudentsanda largervariationwhentakingintoaccountethnicity

Still, the general findings were that one in three experiencedsomeleveloffoodinsecurity.

Dr. Cara Cuite’s contributions helped create a partnership between Rutgers Food Pantry and RutgersGardens’StudentFarm Thefarmhasbeen supplying fresh produce to the Rutgers Food Pantry since 2019 (Student Farm – Rutgers Gardens, 2023). Dr. Cuite says the food pantry workshardtosupplyfreshproduceallyearandhas othersupplierstomakeupforthegapsinharvest. Rutgersstudentscanvisitthefoodpantryandget producethereorgetavouchertogototheNew BrunswickCommunityFarmersMarketandpick produce.

For students who are not experiencing food insecurity and simply want access to farm fresh produce,theNewBrunswickCommunityFarmers Marketisopenintwodifferentlocationscloseto campus,threedaysperweek.Theyareopenfrom JunetoOctober.NotaSEBSstudent,butwantto be involved in growing fresh food or supporting New Brunswick communities? The New Brunswick Community Farmers Market takes volunteersaswell.Weallhavetheopportunityto access garden fresh food through these options. Thosewhowanttogoastepfurthercanhavetheir own garden plots and work to supply their own foodwhileconnectingtolandandcommunity. Luckily,Rutgersiscontinuingtodoresearchon foodinsecurityandtheperspectivessurroundingit.

Dr. Cuite says, “research from schools across the country shows that food insecurity is a very commonproblemandRutgershasfullyembraced it,”astheschoolcontinuestoprioritizeproviding healthy,freshfood Studentscontinuetohopethat abusroutemayeventuallygotoRutgersGardens. Perspectives around food security and inaccessibility have changed as awareness and understanding have changed for the better. This upcoming season, stopping to volunteer or shop maybetheconnectiontoyourfoodthatyouhave beenlookingfor.

U Taking the Bus?

Disclosure:

The following article is riddled with bias and personal opinion. Many of the statements made lack some sort of external validity. The perspective this author is working under is the avid Cook/Douglass – College Ave bus route user and being a student without a driver’s license.

Cramped. Crowded. Late. Necessary?

These are some of the words that surface when asking students their thoughts about the RU bus system. Having to travel to 4 different campuses (grouping together Cook and Douglass) to get to class has becomeanacquiredskill,unifyingthe Rutgersstudentbody.Therearemany reasons for bus animosity that range from overcrowded buses, to improperbusetiquette.Butamongall these faults, one outshines the rest in theeyesofthisauthor.

I am a third-year EPIB student with virtually all of my classes on College Ave and Cook/Douglass. I currently donothaveadriver'slicenseandrely onwalking,biking,skateboarding,and

yes,theRUbuses,togetaround.It’s necessary for me to get to my classes, even if I do arrive late at times (especiallyduringthe1-2pmbus rush).AndasanavidEErider,Ican saythattheRUbusesarenotallbad. Let’s look at this from an environmental standpoint. When comparedtosingleoccupancyvehicles, using public transportation decreases the amount of air pollutants and carbon emissions in the atmosphere, making it a great option for the environmentallyconsciousrider.

And although I do recognize the environmental merits of public transportation,Ican’thelpbutask,is thisthebestwecando?Forgettingthat the EE and F buses are notorious for travelinginpacksandtakingforeverto arrive, what irks me the most is the idling.

Miranda Ma

RutgersStudentRidingtheBus//AlexaHaris

It is understandable that Rutgers bus driverstakefrequentbreaksastheyare human,butleavingthebusesrunning isextremelywasteful.Manytimes,the breaks are long, lasting up to 10-15 minutes.Personally,timingoneofthe breaksstoppedatRedOakLanetook approximately13minutes(Disclaimer: This time was not professionally or accurately timed, but the break did taketheentiretyofCarSeatHeadrest’s “Beach Life-In-Death”). It is understandable that in times of extreme weather, drivers need to take “cab comfort” into account. This is when a vehicle remains running in order to provide comfort (in the formof heating and cooling) to the passengers.Butprovidingthiscomfort at 10 minutes per bathroom session, could have detrimental effects on air quality,fuelconsumption,andclimate change; not to mention could be consideredillegal.

RUbuses)theidlingrestrictionissetat a max of 3 consecutive minutes. 3 minutes! Now, there are some technicalities that state, “autobuses while discharging or picking up passengers, [are] limited to 15 consecutive minutes in a 60-minute period” (New Jersey Administrative Code,2020).Canthedriversclaimto bestoppedtopickuppassengerswhile coincidentallytakingabreak?Perhaps, butIthinkthiscouldonlybeapplied whenthedriversareinorwithinview of their vehicle, which oftentimes when taking a break, is not the case. Thismakesthepriceofidlingnotonly anincreasedglobaltemperaturedueto an excess amount of GHG being released,buta$1,000pervehicle,per dayfine.

Taking a quick look at the State of New Jersey’s Administrative Code (Title7,Ch.27-15.8;N.J.A.C.7:2715:8)ontheControlandProhibition ofAirPollutionfromGasolineFueled Motor Vehicles, it clearly states that forgasoline-fueledmotorvehicles(aka

I am torn. How can I claim to be an environmentalist if I am also a passenger? Is riding the bus a true necessityoramereluxury,mycarbon footprint can no longer afford? And themilliondollarquestion:willIstill betakingthebus?Thesadtruthis,yes. Asmuchasitpainsmetosay,walking is impractical and avoiding the bus system is an unrealistic aspiration. Instead,Iwillbetakingthebuswhile advocating for change. You can join me, by keeping up with the Rutgers Office of Climate Action and their transportation mission of implementing electric buses and reachingcarbonneutralityby2040.

RutgersBuses//AlexaHaris

What does

By Santiago Varela

Environmental Policy, Institutions, and Behavior (EPIB) is a major in the Department of Human Ecology. As a multidisciplinary major, it provides students with a broad set of knowledge regarding the social science elements of environmental issues. The major prepares students to tackle environmental issues such as natural resources management, renewable energy, and many more. In the words of EPIB alumnus Algely Melendez, studying EPIB “made me a jack of all trades, which is what I wanted.” The EPIB website describes the major as the study of how individuals, countries, and international agencies interact with the environment, and manage resources, including “ethical, moral, and legal dimensions.” Graduates of this major are thus prepared to work in a wide range of environmental jobs, from the government to nonprofit to law

An attractive feature of EPIB is that the major is very broad. After conducting interviews with several EPIB students, including those who transferred from other majors, I was able to get an idea of the specific paths that they are pursuing. Cassy Gelston is a junior who decided to transfer to EPIB to one day become an environmental lawyer. Previously a business

administration major, she decided that making a difference in the environmental field was her calling. Other students like fellow Trail writer Evan DeAngelis are motivated to obtain a governmental position to create change in the environmental sector. EPIB is also offered as a minor. Nina Sullivan is a public health major minoring in EPIB and believes that taking courses in environmental policy will open the door to job opportunities in public health as it relates to the environment.

A concern for potential and current EPIB students is the lack of visibility for the major as a whole and the lack of information provided on what the major involves. Most students associate the environmental field with environmental science, and therefore most potential and current Rutgers students are unfamiliar with EPIB DeAngelis is a former landscape architect, and only recently learned of EPIB through a graduate student who recommended the major to him.

The EPIB website provides a short description of the goals of the major and the skills that are obtained upon completion. It provides limited information on specific positions that one can hold after graduation and technical skills

obtained through the major. According to Melendez, his professional experience has led him to believe that “something like GIS should be mandatory. That’s a very tangible skill to boast about in interviews ” Luisa Fodeke is a freshman and was on the fence about choosing environmental science or environmental policy. Fodeke and many other students' decisions would have been made simpler if there were increased communication and information on the major. They ultimately chose advocacy, which are not emphasized as much in environmental science. When asked to make recommendations to other students in the process of choosing a major, Fodeke stated that it is important to challenge yourself while taking advantage of your strengths.

Professors in the EPIB department are known to be more than in-class professors. The major and class sizes are smaller than most at Rutgers, which enables students to develop close connections with faculty. Gelston has high regard for one of her favorite professors, Dr.

Link. Dr. Link among other professors in EPIB encourages student participation in her lectures and typically refers students on a firstname basis which is uncommon in large lecture halls. Sullivan has a lot of respect for professor Rebecca Mclelland-Crawley. “I love her style of teaching and the interactive aspect of the class. She has mentioned her ADHD in class and I really enjoy a professor who is relatable to students. Being a mental health advocate myself, I also love her transparency and her overall aura in general.”

Alumnus Melendez graduated in May of 2019 and is currently in a master's program for public administration. He states, “I wish I had waited on going to grad school. I think it’s important to go into the workforce, see what skills you may be missing or get a taste for something you want to pursue further, and then go back to school with a better idea of what you need.” It was enlightening to hear the stories of current and past students in EPIB. It was also nice to hear their recommendations on how the major can improve for current and new students of EPIB. The future is looking bright for these gifted and passionate students.

Left to right: Evan DeAngelis, Cassy Gelston, and Nina Sullivan each took very different paths to finding out about and studying EPIB.

The Predicament of Air Travel Emissions and the Study Abroad Experience

Lea Cerini

It is predicted that tourism will account for 50% of air emissions by 2050 (Higham et al., 2015).

Who is traveling? Where are they going?Andwhy?

There are many different reasons why individuals choose to travel. Most commonlyareleisure,work,educationand luxury.Astheconnectionbetweenairtravel and carbon emissions has become more apparent, airlines have increased prices for flights. The rich can afford the raised air travel expenses that accommodate carbon emissions.However,fortheaverage

university student in the lower and middle class, it is for them to have not traveled outside of their own country before. It is clear that those with a higher socioeconomic status travel internationally far more than those with middle and lower statuses. The relatively small proportion of frequent air travelers raises the question of social and national equity, as they are primarily responsible for increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The effect of these emissions will be borne “disproportionately by people in nations with relatively few flights per capita and relatively low per capita emissions profiles”, as their livelihoods depend on climate stability (Higham et al., 2015)

People who are educated about climate change and the effects of air travel on global warming are put in a moral dilemma. The “unregulated individual behaviors of the global elite” and “their relative contribution to climate change” in comparison to the disproportionate regulatory burden” of the developing world is astounding (Jurjonas & Aldana, 2020). Those that are affected the most from climate change receive none of the benefits of international aviation.

International travel was not included in the obligations of the Kyoto Protocol and the EU’s trading scheme. The adoption of international aviation into the EU's emissions trading scheme has been resisted by industry. However, “the continued absence of regulatory measures” has remained as “the major barrier acting against significant changes in air travel behavior” (Higham et al., 2015). The public’s education on the effects of air emissions from travel on climate is not sufficient. It is not acceptable that the world's powerful nations have continued to neglect the impact of tourism on the environment. It is not enough to simply rely on individual behavioral change to mitigate the effects.

How do we justify traveling abroad?

The experience of studying abroad in another country allows students to be educated about historical, cultural, and current events through a new perspective, which is extremely rewarding. Although economically unfeasible, every person should have the opportunity to travel abroad at some point. For students, an educational abroad experience unlocks a new understanding of their chosen study For example, political science students can gain insight into international relations, which is an integral aspect of being a worldly politician. It is impossible to achieve this through solely studying at their home institution.

Unfortunately, not every student has the opportunity to study or travel abroad, which can hinder their abilities. The exigency of the climate crisis has made it “increasingly necessary” to frame “mitigation as a class struggle” in order to make the distinction “between subsistence and luxury” air travel emissions (Jurjonas & Aldana, 2020). The opportunity to travel abroad for the first time in an educational context provides much more to the individual than a week's vacation by the elite. Individuals that “are the most likely to benefit from studying abroad” are characterized by “those with the least economic, social and cultural resources” (Waibel et al., 2018). When traveling abroad, it is essential to make the trip to a foreign country count. This can be accomplished through an elongated international stay and well-thought out preparations. Rutgers University has made studying abroad more accessible to students by matching a semester’s tuition to the cost of a semester abroad.

Students who are cognizant of climate change may find it difficult to justify their flight, but the honorable intentions to absorb the culture of another country and do good in the world are negated in comparison to the flights of celebrities in their private jets The global elite, aware of the impacts of their unchecked consumerism and economic materialism, is the principal threat of honest, hard working people affected by environmental destruction.

West Martello Tower and Key West Garden Club Key

West, Florida

Once a Civil War fort on the island is now boasted as a "tropical garden delight" and is a non-profit promoting native trees, pollinator gardens, an orchid collection, and much more. Plus this gem offers free admission!

The Military and Sustainability

Chris McLauglin

It is bright and sunny outside on a brisk January morning. You are standing guard outside along a long stretch of concrete sidewalk. You're surrounded by hundreds

of other soldiers, military vehicles, and a 12-foot fence hundreds of yards long. The streets are empty, with only rolling trash to give visual stimulation. Everyone is on edge; whispers of mobs, insider threats, and bombs move swiftly down the line. You're told to lock and load your 10-round magazine into your US Army-issued M4 carbine. Is something coming? Are 10 rounds enough? When are they going to feed us? It's freezing out here.

This could be the mountains of Afghanistan, the streets of Iraq, or even the desert of the Horn of Africa, but you'd be wrong You are in Washington, DC. You look back, and you see the dome of the Capitol building with the American flag fluttering in the early morning wind. This was the surreal scene for hundreds of National Guardsmen, including myself, for much of January 6th. 21 years old, standing outside the Capitol with a loaded rifle. This can't be sustainable.

There are three pillars of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic Each pillar relies on the other If one pillar is failing, then they all do, and right now the social and

ChrisMcLaughlin

economic pillars are crumbling. Our ability to develop and meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is failing.

The social sustainability pill f ensuring that all members of so access to the resources and op need to thrive It involves addres as poverty, inequality, and soc Capitol riots showed the conse addressing any of these issues unequal distribution of resou making power, and dis misinformation, which eventua chaos at the Capitol. A society equitable, resilient, and suppo members is unsustainable. Havin year-olds guarding the Capitol w is indicative of social standstill, progress. This pillar is cracking.

This leads us to the pillar of environmental sustainability, preserving the natural environment and managing natural resources to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future. But how can this be completed without

The pillar of economic sustain create a strong, stable, and thrivi benefits individuals and socie balancing economic growth responsibility. However, with t cracking, this leaves the economi There cannot be economic susta is no social sustainability The benefit all individuals if there is The economy cannot be stable leaders are being chased out of th rioters. How can the economy thr is collapsing on itself? This pillar

down comes the rest.

There are three pillars of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic.

ChrisMcLaughlin

The Oil and Gas Industry's Role in the Energy Transition Khushbu Patel

When I tell people I want to work in oil and gas, I’m greeted with bafflement. They look at me as if I have betrayed them. “Now why would you want to do that?” they’d ask, puzzled. Being an environmentalist myself, I see the promising potential the oil and gas industry has to help the environmental movement The oil and gas industry is not an enemy In fact, it can be the most powerful ally in the transition to a lowcarbon future In the coming years, it will play a vital role in developing technologies and investing in renewable energy The fact of the matter is that the oil and gas industry is established It has researchers, technology, capital,

resources, and a motive to lead the clean energy transition.

The oil and gas industry is actively trying to make a sustainable transition. BP has more than 2200 megawatts of wind capacity in the US. In 2018, BP invested $20 million in StoreDot, an Israeli developer of rapid-charging batteries, then made a $5 million investment in US company FreeWire, which develops fast-charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Finally, BP spent $160 million on acquiring Chargemaster, the UK’s leading network of charging points. Shell spent a reported $2 billion on setting up a low-carbon energy and electricity

generation business in 2016. The following year, it acquired UK-based electricity and gas provider First Utility, as well as Europe’s largest electric vehicle charging company NewMotion. In 2018, Shell bought a 44% stake in US solar power firm Silicon Ranch for $200 million and made a $20 million equity investment in India-based renewable power company Husk Power Systems (Murray 2020). ExxonMobil plans to invest about $17 billion through 2027 in initiatives to lower greenhouse gas emissions in support of a net-zero future. This investment will help them in commercializing and scaling carbon capture and storage, hydrogen, and biofuels. Halliburton executes geothermal development programs and has developed a data-driven machine learning solution for estimating carbon storage capacity volume.

greenhouse gas emissions could threaten their long-term social acceptability and profitability” (IEA 2020). With the emergence of new, cheaper sources of energy eating away at their market share, oil and gas companies must diversify their energy operations to remain competitive. The rise of electric vehicles further diminishes their demand. “California is now aiming to phase out

All these actions are not greenwashing, and here’s why: The oil and gas industry knows that its business model is not sustainable: “Oil and gas companies are facing a critical challenge as the world increasingly shifts towards clean energy transitions. Fossil fuels drive the companies’ near-term returns,but failure to address growing calls to reduce

cars that run on oil by 2035. The United Kingdom set the same goal for 2030. Norway, a reliable overachiever when it comes to EVs, is aiming for 2025” (Deaton 2021). The Biden administration has paused new oil and gas leases on federal lands and waters. Lending institutions are making more socially responsible investments. Governments are taking action on climate change and ending bailouts and subsidies for the oil

KhushbuPatel

AmilliaKeagle

and gas industry. Oil companies made astonishing record-breaking profits in 2022, but even then, they know they are in trouble.

As of 2021, “In five of the past seven years the oil and gas industry ranked last among all sectors of the S&P 500, falling to less than 3 percent of total value of the index at the end of 2020 This is a far cry from the 16 percent a decade ago and 30 percent a few decades earlier Since 2015, industry analysts Haynes and Boone have listed nearly 800 exploration and production, oilfield services and midstream oil and gas companies that have filed for bankruptcy, with a debt load of more than $300 billion” (Williams & Smith 2021). “Over the last decade, the cost of wind turbines, solar panels, and batteries fell off a cliff. Renewables are now generally as cheap as or cheaper than natural gas. And this year, wind, solar, and batteries will account for around 80% of new power capacity, dwarfing additions from gas,” suggesting that the United States might soon reach peak gas usage (Deaton 2021).

The oil and gas industry is not inherently sustainable, but in the coming years, it will continue its efforts to polish its sustainability strategies, reduce emissions, and invest in renewable energy. If the clean energy transition is to happen, it is best that it happens with the help of the oil and gas industry.

PowerLine/DonKurto

ElectricTowers/ MiguelA Padrinan

What to Prioritize?

College is complicated, but when you account for extracurricular activities and social life, college can become overwhelmingly hard to manage. Homework, projects, exams, club meetings, making friends, interviewing, and creating resumes; these tasks seem difficult from the outside looking in. But there are ways to manage these tasks.

UniversityResources

Youarenotalonein this Hereat

Rutgers University, we recognize time management skills are not easily acquired. Balancingclassesandoutsideactivitiescan be challenging. The university has many different ways to get help when planning theseactivities.Oneresourceisourself-

-guided time management workshop which you can utilize at https://rlc.rutgers.edu/node/95 . The workshop allows you to learn different strategies that can help you excel in your in your management skills. This can, in turn, help you prioritize your tasks and keep you on top of your obligations. The website also gives you access to other services like peer tutoring schedules, writing tutoring schedules, coaching appointments,workshops, peer group coaching, study groups, learning assistance programs, and other campus partners

These tools can be a great resource if you need a guiding hand to help determine what should be prioritized. It will allow you to see things from a different perspective, and sometimes the best thing we can do for ourselves is to get help from someone who has a different point of view. You may see the glass half empty, but someone else may see it half full, and sometimes that difference is all it takes. The resources can be found at all five Learning Centers. You never have to struggle alone. You may also be able to get assistance from your professors. Professors may be intimidating; however, they are there to help you progress through college and have been in your

Priyal Patel

position before Professors may be able to give tips, life advice, and other services to help. If these options do not seem appealing, take an introduction to a management class. These classes can help provide you with skills to not only help yourself but equip you with the skills to help others. You will be able to learn leadership skills, time management skills, and socialization skills that can help you with your future career as well. that difference is all it takes The resources can be found at all five Learning Centers.

You never have to struggle alone. You may also be able to get assistance from your professors. Professors may be intimidating; however, they are there to help you progress through college and have been in your position before.

WaystoManageyourTimeon YourOwn

You have the ability to work on time managementskillsbyyourselfaswell.One can figure out ways to prioritize goals, delegate tasks, make decisions that will benefit your overall well-being, set goals (and stick to them), stop procrastinating, and most importantly, keep yourself healthy. One way you can find your priorities is by using the Priority/Eisenhower Matrix. A short youtube video about this matrix can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=49ao86ETaSo.

The matrix helps you prioritize tasks through a series of four boxes. You will organize your tasks through 4 quadrants: urgent, not urgent on one side, and important on another. If the task is urgent and important, you do it first. If the task is important but not urgent, you will make a schedule and plan time to complete it by being more proactive. If the task is urgent but not important, you can delegate it. This means that you can try to delegate your tasks to other people if possible, or you can try to do them with the help of others. If the task is not urgent or important, it should be last on your list. You should not do it above your other tasks.

Taking care of yourself is a Priority.

Just because you can increase time spent studying by decreasing time spent on socialization and physical activities does not mean you should always take these activities out of your day. Even when school is getting complicated, make sure to take time to prioritize hobbies, friends, or clubs. “Taking purposeful breaks (anywhere from 5-60 minutes) from studying to refresh your brain and body increases your energy, productivity, and ability to focus” (Corrnell Health, 2023). These can include deep breathing, tidying up your workspace, and eating, but make sure to take care of your mental headspace and not just your social and academic life

FlatLayPhotographyofUnfoldBookBesideMacbook/ Michaela

Crossroads

of Littering

AnalieseHaag

Travelingfromcampustocampuscan bestressful,forcingeveryRutgersstudent tofaceroadwaydifficultiesconstantly.No mattertheformoftravel-walking,biking, scootering, driving a car, or taking the notorious bus- students are bound to be faced with the decision of tossing food, suchasainnocuousapplecore,totheside or holding onto it until they reach the nearest trash can. Before entering a crowded LX or embarking on a long journeyviatheREXL,itmaybetempting to empty your hands of all you can as quickly as possible. This seemingly inconsequential decision of holding onto that food can be the difference between life or death for the wildlife of New Brunswick.

Roadkill is a widespread phenomenon within the US, where approximately 20% of the land area is covered by roads. The existenceofthisinfrastructurehasresulted inthelossofhabitat,diminished habitatquality,andchangesin wildlifedistribution.

Itcontinuestoaffectwildlifepopulations sincetheareasbesideroadscanbeafood sourceforanimals,andtheirproximityto highlydangerousregionsisincreaseddue tofood-relatedlittering.Thislitteringcan leadtothedeathofwildlifebytheappeal of food attracting animals to roadsides oftenresultinginaccidentswithcars,their mother being hit and then the young starving to death, or vultures being attractedtootherroadkills.Moreover,the food littered by drivers is not suited to animal diets and can result in wildlife seeking food from other human-created sources, like garbage. On top of this, rotting food may result in the growth of harmfulbacteria,whichcancauseanimals tobecomesick.Overall,roadshavehada drastically negative effect on wildlife, heightened by individuals' decisions to litter.

A vast array of animals are affected by this action.Opossums,rodents,birds,boxturtles, raccoons,squirrels,deers,raptors,bears,bald eagles, and coyotes to list a few Particularly worrisome is roadkill's potential role in the extinction of entire species. Leopard Panthera, maned wolves, little andbrownhyenashaveallbee animalswhoseriskofextinction

Roadkilldeathsareacontributingfactorthat peoplehavecontrolover.Allittakesisalittle actionwhereoneprioritizesconservationover convenience Addingcompostsnearthebus stopswouldreducefoodwasteandlittering.

had on their population Insects also fall victimtothisproblem.Annually,350million vertebrateanimalsintheUSand228trillion insects globally are killed by vehicles (Schilthuizen, 2022). Wildlife diversity is continuously increasing in concern, with extinctionratesofupto10,000timesthatof naturalextinctionrates(“Howmanyspecies arewelosing?,”2020).

oughtheirengagementatthe Preserveandrunningvarious nslikeTheWildlifeSociety,RU ndStudentsforEnvironmental Drawingonsuchcompassion, udentcanmakeadifferenceby changingtheiractionsinthesmallwayof ii h h i f d

WhatYou CannotGive

Onthecrossroadsbetweenthe desiretomakeadifference, andtheneedtomakeaprofit

EvanDeAngelis

In the United States, we cannot simply ignore the harsh realities of late-stage capitalism; they permeate and shape the very essence of this country, and so too, the way we exist within it. For the majority of working age Americans, we are bound to the need to generate capital in order to survive, and we must accumulate wealth in greater amounts to improve quality of life. Our broader culture, as a result, is one built around affordability and convenience, all in order to make certain necessities cheap and convenient so as to give the worker more time to work for their boss and more money to spend on the products, services, and necessities which they generate. The worker creates these only to have them sold back at a premium, leaving the worker poorer, and so, needing to work longer.

Generally speaking, sustainable or environmentally friendly projects/products cost more. Even without active corporate pressure, the working people are deterred by the cost to reject new solutions; it is something they cannot give. Industries, for a similar reason, do not rework their businesses over to more environmentally friendly production/ business practices. It costs more to be sustainable in the short term than is lost in lawsuits and penalties. Good deeds breed bad business. With regards to even the most environmentally concerned individuals, many cannot afford, or do not want to take the financial risks that are necessary in order to purchase these sustainable/ carbon neutral goods and services.

According to the Pew Research Center, 62% of U.S. respondents over 18 believe climate change has an impact and that too little is being done in response in a study looking at 3,627 people that was conducted Oct. 1st. through Oct. 13th. of 2019, using the center’s American Trends Panel (Pew Research Institute, 2019). Meanwhile, the number and percent distribution of establishments in industries which the Bureau of Labor Statistics considers to be “ green jobs” by industry sector in 2009; is much lower. Only a total of 2,154,700 establishments (be they business or location) in the entire country at that time were qualified as “ green ” which when extrapolated to scale with Pew’s sample size, is a major difference in proportion (Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d.).

We must understand how, statistically speaking, many environmentally minded people will work in unsustainable industries against their desire and moral compass. These people are before this crossroads in a much more direct manner; forced to choose between compromising upon their values and morality, and losing job security, if not their employment entirely. The answer to this question has been long sought, but as we are paralyzed by partisanship and fear, the solution evades us still. And so, watershed activists will still wash slag, coke, lime, and ash into the river, tree huggers will keep cutting timber by the cord, and heirloom gardeners will keep sterilizing seeds for Monsanto. Because good deeds, as it's said, breed bad business; and we all need money.

AmilliaKeagle

"With regards to even the most environmentally concerned individuals, many cannot afford, or do not want to take the financial risks that are necessary in order to purchase these sustainable/ carbon neutral goods and services."

Cook Student Center

PlayPool

The nearest billiards place is Qzone in Edison and you can take the 814 bus from the New Brunswick station, however if you want to skip out on the commute and are playing with a friend or a small group, the Cook Student Center is perfect.

Resources:

RU Food Pantry

Elijah's Promise

5 Loaves Pantry

Middlesex Greenway, Metuchen

HikeorBike theGreenway

Take your Rutgers rental bike or your sneakers over to the Middlesex County Greenway in Metuchen, NJ. You can take the train to New York and ride for two stops or take the local NJ Transit bus. Bus fare is $1.60 and train fare is $2.25. Afterwards enjoy your homepacked snack or lunch.

This is a Middlesex County facility and was formerly a railroad.

SNAP (Food Stamps)

With SNAP, students can receive funds to help purchase foods In NJ, SNAP card holders also have reduced or free admission to art spaces including; Grounds for Sculpture, New Brunswick Performing Arts Center, and more!

LIHEAP (Energy Assistance)

PhotoCr.TrailLink

RutgersUnivesity

Plant care guide

Alexa Haris

Level: Level: Easy Easy

Syngonium Care Syngonium Care

Family Family: Araceae : Araceae

Common Name: Common Name: Arrowhead Plant, Arrowhead Plant, Arrowhead Vine, Goosefoot Arrowhead Vine, Goosefoot Syngonium podophyllum (and other Syngonium podophyllum (and other varieties) varieties)

Syngoniums are one of the most popular, easiest, and fast growing houseplants! As a vining plant, it loves to sprawl out and grow wild so feel free to propagate to grow more plants. Syngonium are also the perfect houseplants for the people with little to no plant care experience. They can live a long time without fertilizer, do well in any type of potting, and can thrive in low-light conditions.

Light: Thrive in medium to bright indirect light but are low tolerant, you may put them outside in the summertime but be careful of the afternoon sun to avoid leaf damage.

Water: Allow for the top inch to dry between waterings, if you don’t water enough, the leaves will dry up and turn brown.

Substrate Type: Make sure to use airy soil with perlite in it, many gardeners are privy to a dirt and perlite ratio of one to one. You can add coco coir and orchid bark, use this as an additive, not a base.

Humidity: Syngoniums, like many other house plants thrive in 60%, but will do well in normal indoor conditions. If the lighting in your bathroom agrees, place this plant in there.

Level: Level: Moderate Difficulty Moderate Difficulty

Hoya Care Hoya Care

Family: Family: Apocynaceae Apocynaceae

Common name: Common name: Wax plant, Wax Wax plant, Wax Flower, Porcelain Flower, or just Flower, Porcelain Flower, or just Hoya Hoya

Substrate Type: Soil with ample drainage is the best way to go, avoid dense soils.

Hoyas are renowned for their fragrant blooms, waxy leaves, and vines. Hoya admirers love adding new varieties to their collections, and that might include you! The more natural dappled light they absorb, the greater the odds they will shower you with flowers during the summer! Hoyas have simple needs, but letting them bloom and are susceptible to overwatering are two biggest reasons why some may consider these plants challenging to grow.

Humidity: Hoyas are tolerant of normal household humidity but prefer levels over 60 percent. You can raise the humidity by using a glass or acrylic cabinet, use misters or humidifiers, and grouping plants together.

Pro Tips:

Rotate your plant regularly after each watering or every week.

Wipe dust off the leaves to prevent pests.

If you see fuzzy white spots along the plant, these will most likely be mealy bugs. Wipe them off with a towelette and spray with diluted neem oil.

Light: Hoyas overall prefer at least 6 hours of bright indirect sunlight so keep away from windows.

Water: Let your hoya indoor plants dry out between watering. Soak the soil thoroughly until the water drains out of the drainage holes. During the colder season, cut back on watering.

If your plants and soil become infested with fungus gnats, you could use mosquito bits, diatomaceous earth, sticky traps, or Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (BTI).

art x environment

Alexandria Haris, Italian Rosa (2021), Digital Photo

TableofContents

Alexandria Haris, The Favorite II (2021), Digital Photo

Alexandria Haris, The Favorite III (2021), Digital Photo

Amanda

Like Amanda's work? Follow them on Instagram

@starflower_studio

Heckman, Untitled (2022), Oil and Acrylic

You can buy prints and stickers of Amanda's work at the Sunday March 5, 12-5pm at the Livingston Student Center Gathering Lounge (near dining hall).

Amanda Heckman, Untitled (2022), Oil and Acrylic

An Overgrown Path Khush Patel

I am at a crossroads

I can see it now:

A hose of green in my hands

A disgusting exploitative system

All I have to do is wash it

Spray it and get paid

A title people can understand

With no real responsibility

Aside from deceiving the gullible

And lining some rich guy ’ s pockets

Four long years I studied

Hoping to be the change

Will I throw it all away

For a comfortable life?

Do I become A corporate cog In a capitalist machine With a cushy cubicle?

Do I search for an uncertain path

Overgrown by thorns and vines

Work for the people and this earth Serve my purpose?

Truly an impossible task

Certainly a grueling one

In a world that puts profits

Above all else

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"TheOilandGasIndustry'sRoleintheEnergyTransition"

Beck,C,Bellone,D,Hall,S,Kar,J,&Olufon,D (2021,March10) Howoilandgasisnavigatingthe energy transition. McKinsey & Company, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/ourinsights/the-big-choices-for-oil-and-gas-in-navigating-the-energy-transition Bergman,L.(2019,March7).WaystheOil&GasIndustryisTryingtoBecomeMoreSustainableand Green.BiofriendlyPlanet,https://biofriendlyplanet.com/eco-awareness/air-quality/emissions/ways-theoil-gas-industry-is-trying-to-become-more-sustainable-and-green/ Chronis, A., & Hardin, K. (2022). 2023 Oil and Gas Industry Outlook. Deloitte, https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/energy-and-resources/articles/oil-and-gas-industryoutlook.html

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"WhattoPrioritize"

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"CrossroadofLittering"

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"WhatyouCannotGive"

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