www.stlouisco.com/parks
Easy Pollinator Pantry Garden Guide 2017 Butterfly
Plants
Other Easy to SEE, Easy to FEED Pollinators
American Lady
Host plant: Pussytoes (Antennaria spp.) Spring: Old Fashioned Lilac ‘Old Glory’ (Syringa vulgaris) Summer: Slender Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) Fall: Smooth Aster (Symphyotrichum laevis) Annual: Verbena (Verbena spp.) Host plant: Hackberry (Celtis spp.) Spring: Wild Black Cherry (Prunus spp.)
Hosts also Painted Lady butterfly, nectar mini nectar moths and “no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid). Also food for bobwhite, deer and rabbit Early butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, hummingbirds and gentle orchard bees and” too busy to care about us” bumble bees Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths,” too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics, ladybug beetle and pollen-powered flower beetles Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ”too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics Butterflies, skippers, hummingbird moth and other nectar moths, ”too busy to care about us” bumble bees Also hosts for hackberry and Tawny Emperor butterflies, Mourning Cloak, Question Mark and some moths. Food for bluebirds, song and game birds Host for Tiger Swallowtail, Red Spotted Purple and Coral Hairstreak butterflies. Gentle orchard bees and “too busy to care about us” bumble bees. Bird favorite
Summer: Summersweet (Clethra alnifolia) Fall: Smooth Aster (Symphyotrichum laevis) Annual: Globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa) Host plant: Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) Spring: Blackberries (Rubus spp.) Summer: Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
Butterflies, skippers, hummingbirds, nectar moths and “too busy to care about us” bumble bees Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics Possibly other butterflies and moths with long reach, hummingbirds reported to like red varieties Early butterflies and skippers, nectar moths and “no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), ladybug beetle. Also food for squirrel, deer, rabbit Possible host for some hairstreak butterflies, nectar for small-med size butterflies and nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees and wildlife magnet Hosts Monarch, nectar for most butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ‘no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics Hosts Silvery Checkerspot, nectar for butterflies, ”no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), bee mimics, ladybug beetle and pollen-powered flower beetles. Goldfinch eat seeds Butterflies, nectar for moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honey bees and bee mimics, ladybug beetle Host for several hairstreak butterflies, skippers and moths. Attracts insects that feed wildlife. May attract ladybug beetle. Acorns major food sources for wildlife, and provides shelter Host Azure butterfly and Duskywing Skipper. Nectar attracts other hairstreak butterflies, “no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), ladybug. Quail deer, rabbit Nectar for Monarch and various butterflies, skippers, occasional nectar moth, honeybees and bee mimics also ladybug beetle Nectar and pollen source. Nectar for small-medium butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, honeybees and bee mimics, ladybug beetle and pollen-powered beetles Host white-lined Sphinx moth. Nectar for all types of butterflies, skippers, hummingbirds, hummingbird moth and other nectar moths, small bees, bee mimic and ladybug beetle Host Anise Swallowtail, many butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, honeybees and bee mimics, ladybug beetle and other pollen-powered beetles Early butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, hummingbirds and gentle orchard bees and “too busy to care about us” bumble bees Hosts Monarch, nectar for most butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ‘no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid) hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, hummingbirds, honeybees and bee mimics and ladybug beetle and pollen-powered beetles
American Snout
Spring/Summer Azure
Fall: Orange Coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida)
Banded Hairstreak
Annual: Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) Host plant: Black Oak (Quercus velutina) Spring: New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus) Summer: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Fall: Daisy Garden Mum (Chrysanthemum-single type) Annual: Pentas (Pentas lanceolata)
Black Swallowtail
Host plant: Parsley/Fennel/Dill (Anethum graveolens) Spring: Old Fashioned Lilac ‘Old Glory’ (Lilac vulgaris) Summer: Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Fall: Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum) Annual: Zinnia (Zinnia spp.-single type)
Butterfly
Plants
Other Easy to SEE, Easy to FEED Pollinators
Cloudless Sulphur
Host plant: Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) Spring: Columbine (single) (Aquilegia canadensis) Summer: Rose Mallow (Hibiscus spp.) Fall: Tall Phlox (Phlox paniculata) Annual: Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spp.)
Hosts various sulfur butterflies, a few skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics. Food for bobwhite Early butterflies that can cling and sip, hummingbird moths and “too busy to care about us” bumble bees Host for Hairstreaks, Painted Lady, and Checkered Skipper. Nectar and or pollen for “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, hummingbirds, and ladybug beetle Butterflies, skippers, hummingbird and Sphinx moths, hummingbirds, ladybug beetles Attracts hummingbirds, various butterflies, moths and ladybug beetle
Common Buckeye
Host plant: Wild Petunia (Ruellia humilis) Spring: not here yet
Various butterflies, day-flying nectar moths such as Hummingbird moths and Sphinx moths, and “too busy to care about us” bumble bees Buckeye butterflies arrive late spring/ early summer hungry and looking for their summer homes Butterflies including Red Spotted Purple, skippers, hummingbirds, ”too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics and ladybug beetle Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ”too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honey bees, bee mimics Host white-lined Sphinx moth. Nectar for all types of butterflies, skippers, hummingbirds, hummingbird moth and other nectar moths, small bees, bee mimic and ladybug beetle Host for Wild Indigo, Duskywing, Elfins, Marine Blue and Orange Sulphur. Queen “too busy to care” bumble bees Host for Wild Indigo, Duskywing, Elfins, Marine Blue and Orange Sulphur. Queen “too busy to care” bumble bees Hosts Monarch, nectar for most butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ‘no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics. Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths,” too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics Possibly other butterflies and moths with long reach, hummingbirds reported to like red varieties
Summer: Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) Fall: Smooth Aster (Symphyotrichum laevis)
Eastern Tailed-Blue
Annual: Pentas (Pentas lanceolata) Host plant: Blue false Indigo (Baptisia australis) Spring: Blue false Indigo (Baptisia australis) Summer: Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Fall: Smooth Aster (Symphyotrichum laevis) Annual: Globe Amaranth (Gomphrena globosa)
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail
Host plant: Sweetbay Magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) Spring: Old Fashioned Lilac ‘Old Glory’ (Syringa vulgaris) Summer: Glossy Abelia (Abelia x grandiflora) Fall: Tall Phlox (Phlox paniculata) Annual: Pentas (Pentas lanceolata)
Giant Swallowtail
Host plant: Hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata) Spring: Bee Balm (Monarda bradburiana) Summer: Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
Gray Hairstreak
Fall: Ironweed (Vernonia fasciculata) Annual: Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spp.) Host plant: High Mallow or Beans (Phaseolus spp.) Spring: New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus) Summer: Bluestar (Amsonia spp.) Fall: Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum spp.) Annual: Globe Amaranth (Gomphrena globosa)
Nectaring moths, flower beetles and bird food source for turkey, quail, a variety of song birds and small mammals Early butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, hummingbirds, gentle orchard bees and” too busy to care about us” bumble bees Butterflies especially swallowtails, some skippers, day and night nectar moths especially Hummingbird moth, and hummingbirds Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths including Sphinx and Hummingbird moths. Deer and rabbit may browse Host white-lined Sphinx moth. Nectar for all types of butterflies, skippers, hummingbirds, Hummingbird moth and other nectar moths, small bees, bee mimics and ladybug beetle Primary host for Giant Swallowtail- a sight to see! However small insects and bee mimics are attracted to the flowers. Various butterflies, some skippers, nectaring moths such as Hummingbird moth and hummingbirds, also “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Hosts Monarch, nectar for most butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ‘no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid) hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, and bee mimics Monarchs and other butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, and ”too busy to care about us” bumble bees Attracts hummingbirds, various butterflies, moths and ladybug beetle Also hosts: Painted Lady, Checkered skipper, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and ladybug beetle Host Azure butterfly and Duskywing Skipper. Nectar attracts other hairstreak butterflies, “no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), ladybug. Quail deer, rabbit Various butterflies, nectar moths including Hummingbird moth, hummingbirds, large carpenter bee and ladybug beetle Nectar and pollen for small-medium butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, honeybees and bee mimics, ladybug beetle and pollen-powered beetles Possibly other butterflies and moths with long reach, hummingbirds reported to like red varieties
Butterfly
Plants
Other Easy to SEE, Easy to FEED Pollinators
Great Spangled Fritillary
Host plant: Violets (native or common) Spring: Bee Balm (Monarda bradburiana)
Host many fritillaries, some skippers, possibly “no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), bobwhite, dove and turkey Various butterflies, some skippers, nectaring moths such as Hummingbird moth and hummingbirds, ”too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Hosts Monarch, nectar most butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ‘no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, and bee mimics Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Butterflies, skippers, Hummingbird moth and other nectar moths,” too busy to care about us” bumble bees Hosts Monarch, nectar for most butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ‘no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Many butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees and ladybug beetles. Browsed by deer, rabbit, groundhog Host Silvery Checkerspot. Nectar for many butterflies and skippers, including fritillaries, painted ladies, swallowtails, sulfurs, whites, some nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honey bees and bee mimics and ladybug beetle. Songbirds, particularly goldfinch, may eat seed Butterflies, skippers, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, bee mimics and ladybug beetles Butterflies including Tiger Swallowtails and fritillaries, skippers and hummingbirds, honeybees, bee mimics and ladybug beetles Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths,” too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, bee mimics
Summer: Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
Monarch
Fall: Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpurea) Annual: Verbena (Verbena spp.) Host plant: Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Spring: Blazing Star (Liatris spicata) Summer: Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
Pearl Crescent
Red-Spotted Purple
Fall: Upright Sedum (Hylotelephium spectabile) Annual: Bloodflower (Asclepias curassavica) Host plant: Aromatic Aster (Symphyotrichum oblongifolium) Spring: Lanceleaf Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) Summer: Summersweet (Clethra alnifolia) Fall: Orange Coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) Annual: Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia rotundifolia) Host plant: Black Cherry (Prunus spp.) Spring: American Basswood (Tilia americana) Summer: Summersweet (Clethra alnifolia) Fall: Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
Silver-Spotted Skipper
Annual: None Host plant: Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Spring: Blazing Star (Liatris spicata) Summer: Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Fall: Upright Sedum (Hylotelephium spectabile) Annual: Zinnia (purple) (Zinnia spp. -single type.)
Silvery Checkerspot
Host plant: Orange Coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) Spring: Lanceleaf Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) Summer: Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Fall: Orange Coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) Annual: Zinnia (Zinnia spp.)
Many butterflies, skippers, nectaring moths, various bees and bee mimics and ladybug beetle. Deer, rabbit and possibly groundhog browse Nectar for butterflies including swallowtail, possibly nectar moths and hummingbirds. Food source for robin, goldfinch and warbler and other song birds Hosts Silvery Checkerspot, nectar for butterflies ”no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), bee mimics, ladybug beetle and pollen-powered flower beetles. Goldfinch eat seeds Many butterflies, skippers, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Host Tiger Swallowtail, nectar for American Snout and Coral Hairstreak butterflies. Gentle orchard bees and “too busy to care about us” bumble bees. Bird favorite Host for a few moths, nectar for butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, pollen for ‘too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Nectar for butterflies including swallowtails, possibly nectar moths and hummingbirds. Food source for robin, goldfinch, warbler and other songbirds Host Silvery Checkerspot. Nectar for many butterflies and skippers including fritillaries, painted ladies, swallowtails, sulfurs, whites, some nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honey bees, bee mimics and ladybug beetle. Songbirds, particularly goldfinch, may eat seed. There may not be any-none verifiably documented at this time Host for some moths, small bees and bee mimics. Trees browsed by a variety of wildlife. Many butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees and ladybug beetles. Browsed by deer, rabbit, groundhog. Hosts Monarch, nectar for most butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ‘no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees ,and bee mimics Butterflies, skippers, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, bee mimics and ladybug beetles Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, hummingbirds, honeybees, bee mimics, ladybug beetles and pollen-powered flower beetles Hosts Silvery Checkerspot, nectar for butterflies ”no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), bee mimics, ladybug beetle and pollen-powered flower beetles. Goldfinch eat seeds Many butterflies, skippers, nectaring moths, various bees and bee mimics and ladybug beetle. Deer, rabbit and possibly groundhog browse Hosts Monarch, nectar for most butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, ‘no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees, and bee mimics Hosts Silvery Checkerspot, nectar for butterflies, ”no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), bee mimics, ladybug beetle and pollen-powered flower beetles. Goldfinch eat seeds Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, hummingbirds, honeybees, bee mimics, ladybug beetle and pollen-powered flower beetles
Butterfly
Plants
Other Easy to SEE, Easy to FEED Pollinators
Spicebush Swallowtail
Host plant: Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) Spring: Bee Balm (Monarda bradburiana)
Host for Promethea moth, a few small bees and bee mimics. Fruits eaten by gamebirds and songbirds Various butterflies, some skippers, nectaring moths such as hummingbird moth and hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Many butterflies including Zebra Swallowtail, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees and ladybug beetles. Browsed by deer, rabbit, groundhog Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Butterflies including Zebra Swallowtail, skippers, Hummingbird moth and other nectar moths, hummingbirds, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Host also for Hoary Edge Skipper, possibly Elfin, Marine Blue and Orange Sulfur. Nectar for “too busy to care about us” Queen bumble bees Host also for Hoary Edge Skipper, possibly Elfin, Marine Blue and Orange Sulfur, Nectar “too busy to care about us” Queen bumble bees Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Butterflies, skippers, hummingbird moth and other nectar moths,” too busy to care about us” bumble bees Not many other confirmed pollinator visitors but possible overripe fruit could attract butterflies and various wildlife such as racoon, opossums, fox and turtle “Too busy to care about us” bumble bees, ”no bother” bunny-hole bees (Andrenid), bee mimics Host Monarch, nectar for butterflies including Zebra Swallowtail, skippers, nectaring moths, hummingbirds, honey bees, bee mimics and ladybug beetle Butterflies, skippers, nectar moths, “too busy to care about us” bumble bees, honeybees and bee mimics Butterflies including Monarch for host and nectar! Fritillaries, skippers and hummingbird, honeybees, bee mimics and ladybug beetles
Summer: Blazing Star (Liatris spicata) Fall: Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpurea) Annual: Lantana (Lantana spp.)
Wild Indigo Duskywing
Zebra Swallowtail
Host plant: Blue False Indigo (Baptisia australis) Spring: Blue False Indigo (Baptisia australis) Summer: Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) Fall: Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpurea) Annual: Verbena (Verbena spp.) Host plant: Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Spring: Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) Summer: Orange Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) Fall: Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpurea) Annual: Bloodflower (Asclepias curvassavica)
Photos courtesy Missouri Department of Conservation, except banded hairstreak, courtesy David Cappaert/CCL.This guide is a first step to creating a Pollinator Pantry Garden featuring common regional butterflies and the plants that attract them and other associated pollinators. It was created by the St. Louis County Parks Department, and its printing and distribution are sponsored by the following area independent garden centers and other organizations:
550 Highway F Defiance, MO 63341 (636) 798-2555 FrisellaNursery.com
2601 E. 5th St. Washington, MO 63090 (636) 239-6729 Hillermann.com
60 N. Gore Webster Groves, MO 63119 (314) 962-3311 RollingRidgeNursery.com
1011 N. Woodlawn Ave. Kirkwood, MO 63122 (314) 965-3070 SugarCreekGardens.com
StLouisCo.com/Parks
1605 S. Big Bend Blvd. Richmond Heights, MO 63117 (314) 645-7333 GardenHeights.com
2832 Barrett Station Rd. St. Louis, MO 63021 (314) 821-2440 GreenscapeGardens.com
11530 Gravois Rd. St. Louis, MO 63126 (314) 843-4700 SappingtonGardenShop.com
878 Glen Elm Dr. Glendale, MO 63122 (314) 503-5792 StLCountyParksFoundation.org
2651 Barrett Station Rd. St. Louis, MO 63021 (314) 966-0028 Sherwoods-Forest.com
StLWildOnes.org
For more resources on attracting butterflies and other pollinators to your garden visit: ButterflyHouse.org/ProjectPollinator StLZoo.org/Conservation/DoItYourselfConservation/Pollinators/ Polllinator.org • Xerces.org • MonarchJointVenture.org
GatewayGardener.com